专题03形容词和副词（暑假复习讲义）新九年级英语新教材译林版

专题03 形容词和副词 内容导航 01 复习目标→ 明考向、知权重、晓关联、以目标导学，以考向定标 02 知识重构 → 系统讲解核心知识，重构整合形成体系 脉络重构：快速扫描高频考点，定位薄区 典例破题：精选例题，呈现思路点拨+规范解答+方法提炼 巩固提升：趁热打铁练一练，强化巩固所学 03综合通关 → 综合演练，梯度设题；查漏补缺，闭环收官 1. 知识目标：掌握形容词、副词的基本用法、形副转换规则及比较级、最高级的构成与句型。 2. 能力目标：能准确辨析形副差异，灵活运用三级比较进行描述、理解与表达。 3. 应试目标：覆盖词义辨析、形式变化、句型结构三大考点，突破常见易错点，应对各类题型。 。 知识点 常考考点 命题风向 形容词和副词 1. 根据句子成分判断用形容词还是副词 2. 三级的规则变化与不规则变化。 3. 比较级应用抓住 than 标志词，掌握 much/even 等修饰词及各类比较句型 4. 高级应用：识别 in/of 范围标志，掌握 one of the + 最高级等核心结构。 1.从纯语法题转向在具体语境中考查词义辨析和运用，死记硬背规则的题减少 2.形容词、副词辨析是完形填空高频考点，侧重上下文逻辑和感情色彩判断 3.偏爱考查形副混用、双重比较、不规则变化、最高级前 the 的省略等易错点 4.作文中恰当运用比较级、最高级和高级形容词副词成为提分亮点 考情解码：属于中考语法高频必考语法点，每套试卷必有考查，分值稳定 脉｜络｜重｜构 考｜点｜精｜讲 知识点 形容词和副词 【课标要求】① 掌握形容词、副词的基本用法、转换规则及比较级、最高级的构成形式与核心句型；② 能在具体语境中准确辨析形副差异，灵活运用三级比较进行描述与表达；③ 聚焦词义辨析、形式变化、句型结构三大必考考点，突破形副混用、不规则变化等易错点，应对单选、完形、词汇运用等各类题型 1． 形容词和副词的基础概念 （1） 形容词 1. 定义 形容词，即说明人或事物的性质、特征和状态的词。 2. 使用规则 1　 放在名词前面，作定语； e.g. He is a nice teacher. 2　 放在系动词后面，作表语； e.g. He is nice. The sweater looks pretty. 3　 放在宾语后面，作宾语补足语。 e.g. Please keep your eyes closed. （2） 副词 1. 定义 副词，即用来说明时间、地点、程度、方式等概念的词。 2. 使用规则 副词可修饰动词、形容词、其他副词和整个句子 e.g. He runs fast. He is very handsome. He studies very hard. Luckily, he passed the exam. 2． 形副转换 形容词 副词 一般形容词 后面直接加ly。e.g. quick---quickly 辅音字母加y结尾 变y为i，加ly。e.g. happy---happily 元音字母加e结尾 去e加y。e.g. true ---truly le结尾 去e加y。e.g. possible---possibly 以ly结尾的形容词友好的 friendly 丑陋的 ugly 可爱的 lovely 孤独的 lonely 3． 形容词和副词的三个等级 （1） 等级基础定义 原级：即原形，表示两者具有相同的程度或水平 比较级：用于两者间的比较，表示“较……”或“更……一些” 最高级：用于三者或者三者以上的比较，表示“最……” （2） 形容词和副词的比较级或最高级的构成方法 1． 规则变化 分类 单音节词和部分双音节词 规则 原级 比较级 最高级 大多数词后加 er 或 est fast great faster greater fastest greatest 以 e 结尾的词后加 r 或 st large late larger later largest latest 以一个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节词，双写末尾辅音字母，再加 er 或 est hot thin hotter thinner hottest thinnest 以辅音字母 + y结尾的词，改 y 为 i，再加 er 或 est busy early busier earlier busiest earliest 多音节词和部分双音节词 在词的前面加 more 或 most beautiful quickly more beautiful more quickly most beautiful most quickly 注意 1.有些词既可以作形容词又可以做副词，如：fast,hard,high,low,early,late,long,well等。 2.有些词变比较级或最高级加er/est或more/most都可， 如clever-cleverer/more clever, clever-cleverest/most clever simple-simpler/more simple, simple-simplest/most simple dirty-dirtier/more dirty, dirty-dirtiest/most dirty 2. 不规则变化 原级 比较级 最高级 good/well better best bad/badly/ill worse worst many/much more most little less least old older（年纪较大的，强调年龄大小） elder（较长的，强调长幼顺序） oldest（年纪最大的） eldest（最长的） far farther（较远的，强调距离） further（进一步的，强调程度） farthest（最远的） furthest（最大限度的） 4． 比较级和最高级的句型 （1） 原级句型 1. A is as + adj./adv.原级 + as + B. 意为“和……一样……”。 e.g. Most of us are as tall as (和……一样高) our teachers. e.g. Actually, Tara studies as hard as (和……一样努力) Tina. 2. A is not + as/so + adj./adv.原级 + as B. 意为不如…，可以和比较级互相转换。 e.g. He is not as tall as I am / me. = He is shorter than I am/me. = I am taller than he is / him. Nanjing is not as/so big as Shanghai. = Nanjing is smaller than Shanghai. = Shanghai is bigger than Nanjing. 3. 固定搭配和做任务型时可考的转换： ①as ... as possible = as ... as sb. can/could 尽可能…… e.g. Tom spends as much time as he can practising speaking English. = Tom spends as much time as possible practising speaking English. Please write to me as soon as you can/possible. 请尽快/早给我回信。 ② as + adj.原级 + as ... = the same + n. + as ... as old / big / tall / heavy ... as ... = the same age / size / height / weight ...as ... e.g. My best friend is as old as me. 我最好的朋友和我年龄一样大。 =My best friend is the same age as me. 【典例破题】 To Gulliver’s surprise, the tiny man is ________ his middle finger A．as same size as B．as smaller as C．the same size as D．the same small as 【命题解读】 C 【详解】句意：令格列佛惊讶的是，这个小人和他的中指尺寸一样大。 as…as中间需用形容词或副词原级；the same…as中间需用名词。size是名词，符合the same size as搭配；smaller是比较级，small是形容词，均不符合语法规则。应选the same size as。 【易错警示】 混淆 as...as 与 the same...as 结构 —— 前者中间接形容词 / 副词原级，后者中间接名词 【巩固提升1】 The tea culture in China has a long history. We don’t drink coffee as ________ as we drink tea. A．much B．more C．most D．fewer 【巩固提升2】 The price of petrol (汽油) is not ________ that of last year, so some more people aren’t planning to buy cars. A．as expensive as B．as cheap as C．as high as D．as low as 【巩固提升3】 He speaks English, but not ________ his brother. A．as good as B．as better as C．so well as D．so better as （2） 比较级句型 1. 当句中有than时则用比较级。句型结构为： • A +系动词+ 形容词比较级+ than + B：表示“A比B更……”。 • A +实义动词+ 副词比较级+ than+ B：表示“A比B更……”，用于描述动作的比较。 e.g. The lights in your room are brighter than those in mine. e.g. Subways make our lives easier than before. e.g. More vegetables and fruit will help you live more healthily than before. 【典例破题】 Moreover, you had better spend ________ time on Physics than others. A．much B．more C．little D．less 【命题解读】 B 【详解】句意：此外，你最好比其他人花更多的时间在物理上。 考查形容词比较级。much许多；more更多；little少；less更少。根据“than others”可知，这里需要用比较级，表示“更多时间”应用more。故选B。 【易错警示】 易忽略 than 这一比较级标志词而误选原级 much/little 【巩固提升1】 Now we have ________ homework and ________ free time than last term. A．less; more B．fewer; less C．more; fewer D．less; fewer 【巩固提升2】 I work hard this term, but Peter works much ________ than me. A．hard B．harder C．hardest D．the hardest 【巩固提升3】 Strangely, the boys in our class can sing ________ than the girls. A．more beautiful B．much beautifully C．much more beautifully D．a little more beautiful 2. 比较对象为两者时用比较级： “特殊疑问词+ 系动词/实义动词+比较级, A or B ?” e.g. Which is bigger, the earth or the moon? 【典例破题】 —Which is _________, health or money? —Of course health. Without health, life is not life. A．the least important B．less important C．more important D．the most important 【命题解读】 C 【详解】句意：——健康和金钱哪个更重要？——当然是健康。没有健康，生活就不是生活。 考查形容词比较级。the least important最不重要的；less important更不重要的；more important更重要的；the most important最重要的。根据空格后“health or money”可知，对两者进行比较时应用比较级，故排除A、D选项；又根据后文“Of course health. Without health, life is not life.”可知，此处应该提问健康和金钱哪个更重要。故选C。 【易错警示】 未结合答语 Of course health判断出问的是 更重要而非 更不重要。 【巩固提升1】 —Which do you think is ________, having snowball fights or skating? —We like having snowball fights. A．more excited B．the most excited C．more exciting D．the most exciting 【巩固提升2】 —Which boy is ________, the tall one or the short one? —I prefer the short one. He always makes me laugh a lot when he speaks. A．humorous B．serious C．more humorous D．more serious 【巩固提升3】 —Which river is ________, Chang jiang River or Huang he River? —Changjiang River. It is the third longest river in the world. A．long B．short C．longer D．shorter 3. “the +比较级+ of the two +其他” 意为 “两者中较……的”。 e.g. Look at the two boys. My brother is the taller (tall) of the two. 【典例破题】 Of the two shirts, he’d like to choose ________ one to save some money for a trip. A．the cheapest B．a cheaper C．more expensive D．the less expensive 【命题解读】 D 【详解】句意：在这两件衬衫中，他想要选择较便宜的一件，以便为旅行省些钱。 考查形容词比较级。根据句中“Of the two shirts”以及“to save some money for a trip”可知，此处是在两件衬衫中进行比较，选择较便宜的一件，且是两者之间的比较，应该用比较级形式，且比较级前一般用定冠词the来修饰。故选D。 【易错警示】 易忽略 of the two 结构中比较级前需加定冠词 the 而误选 a cheaper 【巩固提升1】 Kitty is ________ of the twin sisters. She is taller than her sister. A．tall B．taller C．the taller D．the tallest 【巩固提升2】 —They are twins. I don’t know which one of them is Tim. —Tim is ________ of the two. A．strong B．the taller C．the thinnest D．shorter 【巩固提升3】 Tom is ________ of the two boys. A．the most careful B．much stronger C．the more stronger D．the more careful 4. 比较级+and+比较级，意为“越来越……”。 e.g. He is getting taller and taller. The girl is more and more beautiful. 【典例破题】 It’s said that there will be ________ wildlife in this area. That’s because people keep taking their land and there will be ________ space for farms and buildings. A．more and more; fewer and fewer B．fewer and fewer; more and more C．more and more; less and less D．less and less; more and more 【命题解读】 D 【详解】句意：据说这个地区的野生动物将越来越少。那是因为人们不断侵占它们的土地，将会有越来越多的空间用于农场和建筑物。 more and more修饰可数或不可数名词，表示“越来越多”；fewer and fewer修饰可数名词复数；less and less修饰不可数名词，表示“越来越少”。第一空，空格后“wildlife”为不可数名词，且根据语境数量减少，需用less and less；第二空，空格后“space”为不可数名词，且根据语境用于建设的空间增加，需用more and more。 【易错警示】 易混淆 fewer 与 less 的修饰对象 ——wildlife 和 space 均为不可数名词，需用 less/more 修饰 【巩固提升1】 If we take more land for our own use, the living areas of wild animals will be ________. A．more and more B．fewer and fewer C．less and less D．larger and larger 【巩固提升2】 The number of wild animals is getting________, for their living areas are getting________. A．larger and larger;less and less B．more and more;fewer and fewer C．smaller and smaller;less and less D．smaller and smaller;fewer and fewer 【巩固提升3】 The number of polar bears is becoming ________ because climate change leads to ________ living spaces. A．fewer and fewer, less and less B．smaller and smaller, less and less C．fewer and fewer, smaller and smaller D．smaller and smaller, fewer and fewer 5. The +比较级..., the +比较级... 意为 “越……，越……”。 e.g. The more careful (仔细的) you are, the fewer (少的) mistakes you will make. Friends are just like wine. The older, the better (good). 【典例破题】 ________ you are, ________ mistakes you will make. A．The careful; the few B．The more careful; the fewer C．More careful; fewer D．The most careful; the fewest 【命题解读】 B 【详解】句意：你越认真，你犯的错误就会越少。“the + 比较级, the + 比较级”是固定用法，意为“越……，就越……”，前后分句均需使用比较级且冠词the不可省略。careful是多音节形容词，比较级为more careful；mistakes是可数名词复数，需用few修饰，其比较级为fewer。 【易错警示】 易漏掉 the + 比较级, the + 比较级 结构中的定冠词 the 【巩固提升1】 The ________ you stand, the ________ you can see. A．high; far B．highest; farthest C．higher; farthest D．higher; farther 【巩固提升2】 The ________ you walk, the ________ sights you can see along the road. A．slower; less B．more slowly; more C．more slowly; less D．slower; fewer 【巩固提升3】 The ________ you work, the ________ you’ll finish your schoolwork. A．harder; easier B．much hard; more easily C．more hard; easier D．harder; more easily 6. 数量的比较： • A + be + more +[cn]/[un]+ than+B. : A比B更多…… e.g. She has more money than I. 她的钱比我的多。 • A + be + fewer +[cn] + than+B. : A比B更少…… e.g. Daniel studies fewer subjects than I. 丹尼尔学的科目比我少。 • A + be + less +[un]+ than+B. : A比B更少…… e.g. Millie has less rice than Daniel. 米莉比丹尼尔吃的米少。 ·数量（number）人口（population） → big /large/small The number of tourists here is bigger than that of last year. 这里游客的数量比去年更多。 This town has the smallest population in the whole country. 这个小镇拥有全国最少的人口。 价格 → high /low The price of this new bike is much higher than I expected. 这辆新自行车的价格比我预想的高很多。 the number of vs a number of The number of old buildings in the city is getting smaller.（数量，单数动词） 这座城市老建筑的数量正在变少。 A number of students choose to take after-school art classes.（许多，复数动词） 很多学生选择参加课外美术课。 【典例破题】 We’ll try our best to do the work with ________ money ________ people. A．few, little B．a few, a little C．less, fewer D．fewer, less 【命题解读】 C 【详解】句意：我们将尽力用更少的钱和更少的人做这项工作。 考查形容词比较级。money（钱）不可数名词，用little（几乎没有，很少）或a little（一点）修饰，比较级less（更少的）；people（人们）集体名词，a few（一些）或few（几乎没有，很少）修饰可数名词复数，比较级fewer（更少的）。结合语境可知，两空都暗含比较，用比较级，故选C。 【易错警示】 易混淆 less 与 fewer 的修饰对象 ——money 不可数用 less、people 可数用 fewer 【巩固提升1】 If you want to be________, you have to eat________ food and take ___________ exercise. A．thinner; less; more B．thinner; little; more C．thin; few; enough D．thinner; fewer; less 【巩固提升2】 There will be ________ space for wildlife in the wild A．fewer and fewer B．less and less C．fewer and less D．few 【巩固提升3】 I have ______ money than you, but I have ______ friends. A．a little, a few B．a few, more C．less, more D．less, much 7. 比较级表示最高级的含义： e.g. The Yangtze River is longer than any other river in China. =The Yangtze River is longer than the other rivers in China. =The Yangtze River is the longest river in China. 对比 : The Yangtze River is longer than any river in Japan. 【典例破题】 Shanghai is bigger than ________ in Jiangsu and bigger than ________ in China. A．any city; any city B．any city; any other city C．any other city; the other city D．any other city; other cities 【命题解读】 B 【详解】句意：上海比江苏的任何城市都大，比中国的任何其他城市都大。 any city任何城市；any other city任何其他城市；the other city另一个城市；other cities其他城市。上海不属于江苏范围内，第一空无需排除自身，用any city；上海属于中国范围内，第二空需排除自身，用any other city。 【易错警示】 易混淆同一范围与不同范围的比较 —— 上海不属于江苏（不同范围用 any city）、但属于中国（同一范围需排除自身用 any other city） 【巩固提升1】 —Do you know Shanghai is one of ________ cities in the world? —Yes, it’s bigger than ________ city in China. A．the biggest; any other B．the biggest; the other C．bigger; any other D．bigger; the other 【巩固提升2】 —Everyone knows China is the third ________ country in the world. —That’s it. It’s larger than ________ country in Asia (亚洲). A．larger; any B．larger; any other C．largest; any other D．largest; any 【巩固提升3】 —Canada is one of the largest ________ in the world. —Yes, it is larger than ________ country in Asia. A．country; any other B．countries; any other C．countries; any D．country; any 【注意】只有同类的事物才能比较： His house is as big as me.(×) His house is as big as mine.(√) （3） 最高级句型 1. “the +最高级+ in/of ...” 意为 “……中最……的”。 e.g. Tom is the tallest (最高的) in his class/of all the students. This apple is the biggest of the five. 【典例破题】 —You look worried. Did you finish your project? —Yes, but I think I did it ________ among all my classmates. I made many small mistakes. A．more carefully B．less carefully C．the most carefully D．the least carefully 【命题解读】 D 【详解】句意：——你看起来很担心。你完成你的项目了吗？——是的，但我认为我在所有同学中做得最不仔细。我犯了很多小错误。 考查副词最高级的用法。more carefully更仔细地；less carefully不那么仔细地；the most carefully最仔细地；the least carefully最不仔细地。根据“among all my classmates”可知，表示在全体同学中比较，需用最高级形式，排除A项和B项；根据“I made many small mistakes.”可知，说话者认为自己完成得最不仔细，排除C项。故选D。 【易错警示】 易忽略 among all my classmates 表示三者及以上比较需用最高级而误选比较级 【巩固提升1】 —Who usually comes to the classroom ________ in your class? —Sue. She is always the first. A．earlier B．earliest C．later D．latest 【巩固提升2】 —Why didn’t Mr. Wu choose Jack to do the class project? —Because he always does things ________ in his class. A．carefully B．less carefully C．the most carefully D．the least carefully 【巩固提升3】 Adam runs ________ in our class, so we all think he can take part in the sports meeting. A．faster B．fastest C．earlier D．earliest 2. “特殊疑问词 + be + the +最高级, A, B or C ?” 用于询问三者中最……的。 e.g. Who is the oldest (年纪最大的), Jack, Mike or David? 【典例破题】 Who listens ________, Tom, Jack or Bill? A．the most carefully B．more carefully C．the most careful D．more careful 【命题解读】 A 【详解】句意：谁听得最认真，Tom，Jack还是Bill？ 考查副词的最高级。listen是动词，用副词修饰；根据“Tom, Jack or Bill”可知，用最高级。careful“认真的”，形容词；carefully“认真地”，副词，最高级是the most carefully。故选A。 【易错警示】 三者比较（Tom, Jack or Bill）却误选比较级，二是修饰动词 listen 误用形容词 careful 而非副词 carefully 【巩固提升1】 Which city is ________ , Beijing, Shanghai or Yangzhou? A．beautiful B．more beautiful C．much more beautiful D．the most beautiful 【巩固提升2】 —Which city do you think is ________ from Wuxi, Yantai or Qinhuangdao? —Qinhuangdao. And Wuxi is ________ to Shanghai. A．the farthest; closer B．farthest; the more close C．farther; the most close D．farther; the closest 【巩固提升3】 —Which is ________ season in your hometown? —I think it’s spring. Everything is so beautiful in the spring. A．nice B．nicer C．nicest D．the nicest 3. one of the +最高级+复数名词+ in/of ... , 意为 “……中最……之一”。 【注意】本结构作主语时，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式！ e.g. Beijing is one of the biggest cities (最大的城市) in China. 4. the +序数词+最高级+单数名词+范围 意为 “……是第几……”。 e.g. The Yellow River is the second longest river (第二大河流) in China. 【典例破题】 —The film Nobody《浪浪山小妖怪》 is ________ excellent one. —I agree. It’s one of ________ most meaningful films this year. A．a; the B．an; a C．the; the D．an; the 【命题解读】 D 【详解】句意：——电影《浪浪山小妖怪》是一部优秀的影片。——我同意。它是今年最有意义的电影之一。 第一空泛指“一部”优秀的电影，excellent是以元音音素开头的单词，用不定冠词an；第二空处于“one of the+形容词最高级+名词复数”结构中，形容词最高级前需加定冠词the。 【易错警示】 one of 结构中形容词最高级前需加定冠词 the 【巩固提升1】 The ________ of tea has lasted for thousands of years, and it is still one of the most ________ drinks in the world. A．popular; popularity B．popularity; popular C．popular; popular D．popularity; popularity 【巩固提升2】 Nanjing’s city wall is one of the ________ and best-protected ancient city walls in the world. A．longest B．longer C．long D．most long 【巩固提升3】 The Great Wall is one of ________ places of interest in China. A．famous B．more famous C．most famous D．the most famous 【注意】形容词最高级之前要加the , 但当最高级之前有形容词性物主代词 或名词所有格 等限定词时则不用加the。 e.g. He is my best (我最好的)/Lily’s best (Lily最好的)/ my mother’s best (我妈妈最好的) friend. 5． 常见形副辨析 （一）enough 的用法 1. 作限定词时，意为“足够的，充足的”，修饰名词，放在复数名词或不可数名词前。 There are enough chairs for everyone in the classroom. 教室里有足够的椅子供所有人使用。 We have enough time to finish the homework. 我们有足够的时间完成作业。 2. 作副词时，意为“足够地”，通常位于形容词或副词后。 This house isn’t big enough for us. 这房子对我们来说不够大。 He runs fast enough to win the race. 他跑得足够快，能赢得比赛。 （二）enough to 的用法 “be+adj.+enough+to do sth.”结构意为“足够……可以做某事”，用来描述人的品质和能力，此时enough作副词，放在被修饰的形容词后面。 He was kind enough to stand us a meal. 他真好，请我们吃了饭。 She’s old enough to make a decision by herself. 她已到自己作决定的年龄了。 （三）too 的用法 too是副词，意为“太，过于，过度”，修饰形容词和副词，放在被修饰词的前面。 The building is too high for me. 这幢楼对我来说太高了。 I’m turning up the heat. It’s too cold. 我在调高暖气。天太冷了。 （四）too...to...的用法 1. “too...to...”结构的形式是肯定的，但表达否定意义，意为“太……而不能……”。too后面接形容词或副词的原级，to后面接动词原形，构成动词不定式。 The old man is too old to climb the mountain. 这位老人年龄太大了，不能爬山。 It’s too late to do anything about it now. 现在进行任何补救都为时太晚。 2. too前面有表示否定意义的词时(如 not、never、nothing等)，too...to...结构表示肯定。 One is never too old to learn. 活到老，学到老。 （五）enough to 和 too...to...的转换 “be+not+adj.+enough+to do”相当于“be+too+adj.+to do”，通常情况下too后面的形容词和enough前面的形容词互为反义词。 Monica is too young to do the work. =Monica isn’t old enough to do the work. 莫妮卡太年轻了，无法胜任这项工作。 注意 (1)在enough to 和 too...to...结构中的动词不定式前，可用介词for引出逻辑主语。 The box is too heavy for me to carry. 这个箱子太重了，我搬不动。 These questions are easy enough for me to answer. 这些问题对我来说很容易回答。 (2)在enough to 和 too...to...结构中，如果动词不定式和主语构成被动关系，动词不定式中的动词后不能使用代词来指代主语。 The problem is too difficult to solve.(√) The problem is too difficult to solve it.(×) 这个问题太难，无法解决。 (3)在enough to 和 too...to...结构中，如果主语是后面动词不定式所表示动作发生的地点，且动词不定式中的动词为不及物动词，则需要在动词不定式后面加上相应的介词。 The room is big enough to live in. 这个房间足够大，可以住进去。 The river is too deep for children to swim in. 这条河太深了，孩子们不能在里面游泳。 （六）-ing&-ed 形容词 -ing 形容词 -ed 形容词 surprising 令人惊讶的 surprised 感到惊讶的 interesting 有趣的 interested 感到有趣的 exciting 令人兴奋的 excited 感到兴奋的 moving 令人感动的 moved 感到感动的 tiring 令人疲倦的 tired 感到疲倦的 -ing 结尾的形容词，通常修饰事物/物品（描述事物本身的属性，表 “令人…… 的”） -ed 结尾的形容词，通常修饰人（描述人的主观感受，表 “感到…… 的”） 【典例破题】 The road should be wider. It is ________for two cars to go through at the same time. A．too wide B．not wide enough C．not too wide D．wide enough 【命题解读】 B 【详解】句意：这条路应该更宽些。它不够宽，无法让两辆车同时通过。 too wide太宽；not wide enough不够宽；not too wide不太宽；wide enough足够宽。根据前句“The road should be wider.”可知，这条路目前不够宽，无法满足两辆车同时通行的需求，应填not wide enough。 【易错警示】 易未结合前句 should be wider（应该更宽些）的语境判断出路不够宽 【巩固提升1】 Sally is only 110 cm. She isn’t _________ to reach the toy on the shelf. A．tall enough B．short enough C．too tall D．too short 【巩固提升2】 She ran ________ to catch the early bus. A．enough fast B．fast enough C．too fast D．so fast 【巩固提升3】 This book is ________ for a primary school student to read. A．easy enough B．enough easy C．too easy D．so easy 6． It is+adj. (+for/of...) + to do 句型 （一）It is+adj.+to do 句型 “It is+adj.+to do”句型用来表达对某事物的看法，其中It作形式主语，真正的主语是动词不定式。 It is interesting to go fishing. 钓鱼真有趣。 （二）It is+ adj.+for sb.+to do 句型 可以在“It is+adj.+to do”句型中的形容词后加上“for sb.”，意为“对某人来说做某事是……的”，for引出逻辑主语，用于说明谈论的对象。常见的形容词有convenient、dangerous、easy、difficult等。 It was difficult for the villagers to go to towns before.以前，对村民们来说，去镇上很难。 It is convenient for me to pick you up tomorrow. 明天接你对我来说是方便的。 （三）It is+adj.+of sb.+to do 句型 “It is+adj.+of sb.+to do”句型用来表达我们对某人所做之事的看法，意为“某人做某事真是……”，注意此时的形容词要描述人的特征、品质等，常用的形容词有brave、helpful、kind、clever、silly等。 It is kind of him to help the elderly cross the road. 他真善良，帮助老人过马路。 It is brave of Tom to give a speech in public. 汤姆当众演讲，真勇敢。 延伸 (1)表示“不做某事是……的”要在不定式前加not。 It’s important not to skip meals. 重要的是，不能不吃饭。 (2)在“It is+adj.+of sb.+to do”句型中，of后的宾语与动词不定式之间存在逻辑上的主谓关系，一般可以转换成一个以of后的宾语充当主语的句子。 It is kind of you to share some good ideas with me. = You are kind to share some good ideas with me. 【典例破题】 It is difficult ________ the old people ________ cross the busy road alone. A．of; to B．for; to C．of; for D．for; for 【命题解读】 B 【详解】句意：对于老年人来说，独自穿过繁忙的马路是困难的。 固定句型“It is + 形容词 + for/of sb. + to do sth.”，当形容词表示事物的性质（如 difficult, hard, easy）时，介词用 for；当形容词表示人的性格特征（如 kind, clever）时，介词用 of。本句中difficult表示事情困难，故第一空填for；第二空动词不定式作真正的主语，填to。 【易错警示】 difficult 描述事物性质（事情难），应用 for 【巩固提升1】 It is brave ________ the volunteer ________ save the child from the burning building. A．of; to B．for; to C．of; / D．for; / 【巩固提升2】 It is ________ for Simon ________ basketball with his friends after school. A．happily; play B．happy; playing C．happiness; to play D．happy; to play 【巩固提升3】 It is ________ for students ________ hard in school. A．importantly; to study B．important; study C．important; to study D．importance; to study 一、单项选择 1．It is necessary ________ students ________ get up early every day. A．of; to B．for; to C．of; for D．for; for 2．There are ________ apples on the table. They’re ________ heavy for me to carry. A．too much, too B．too many, too C．much too, enough D．too many, enough 3．Shanghai is bigger than ________ in Jiangsu and bigger than ________ in China. A．any city; any city B．any city; any other city C．any other city; the other city D．any other city; other cities 4．—Is Tom the ________ boy in your class? —No. In fact, Ben is ________ than Tom. A．outgoing; more outgoing B．more outgoing; most outgoing C．most outgoing; outgoing D．most outgoing; more outgoing 5．The Yangtze River is one of ________ in the world. A．long river B．the longest rivers C．longest river D．the longer rivers 6．One of the most famous ________ in China ________ the Great Wall. A．place; is B．places; are C．place; are D．places; is 7．Anna is an excellent singer. She sings ________ than other students. A．beautifully B．more beautifully C．less beautifully D．most beautifully 8．I like the main character ________ than other roles in this story. A．good B．best C．well D．better 9．—Who sings ________ in your class? —Li Na does. She has a beautiful voice. A．the most beautifully B．more beautifully C．the most beautiful D．more beautiful 10．—Hi, Bob. Which sport do you like ________, basketball, football or volleyball? —Basketball. I’m good at it. A．well B．better C．the better D．best 二、用所给单词的适当形式填空 1．Among all the ball games, Mike likes to play basketball ________ (much). 2．—Who do you think needs the books ________ (much)? —The students in poor villages. 3．Things with deep meaning can be remembered ________ (long) than simple words. 4．Jenny often listens to music on the Internet, so she sings ________ (good) than I. 5．Which is the ________ (bad) clothes store in your town? 6．The beef noodles in Lanzhou are the ________ (delicious) food I have ever tasted in Gansu. 7．It is certainly far ________ (silly) of parents to always shout at the young groups than to leave them alone, only to discourage them. 8．Please call me for _________ (far) information. My telephone number is 87893764. 9．Parents must be patient enough _________ (talk) with kids about their social media use. 10．It is meaningful ________ you ________ (donate) your old books to the children in the mountain. 三、语法选择 请通读下面短文，掌握其大意，根据语法和上下文连贯的要求，从每小题所给的三个选项中选出一个最佳答案，并将答题卡上对应题目所选的选项涂黑。 “Go, Jack, go!” We shouted. It was Sports Day at school, and the 100-metre race was 1 most exciting event of all! Our classmate Jack was running like the wind. He 2 in the school running team since last year. He always trains hard. As he raced closer to the finishing line, everyone started shouting louder. Then I noticed something 3 —many children had their hands over their mouths while they 4 . Why did they do that? I remembered 5 about sound. When we talk or shout, our voices make sound waves (波). These waves travel 6 the air. But when the sound goes in all directions (方向), it becomes weaker (较弱). And people far away might not hear us well. But when 7 put our hands over our mouths, the sound waves go in one direction. This helps our voices stay strong and go much 8 . That way, people far away can hear us better. Back at the race, something amazing happened. Jack ran even faster at the end and got to the finishing line 9 ! Our class won! Jack held the big trophy (奖杯) high. We all shouted and smiled. 10 we got tired from shouting, our hearts were full of joy! It was a day we will never forget! 1．A．the B．a C．an 2．A．is B．be C．has been 3．A．interest B．interested C．interesting 4．A．shouted B．are shouting C．were shouting 5．A．to learn B．learning C．learnt 6．A．through B．on C．under 7．A．we B．our C．us 8．A．far B．farther C．farthest 9．A．one B．first C．once 10．A．If B．When C．Although 四、语法填空 One day at school, the teacher said we were going to make a booklet about our school. At first, I 1 (not be) really sure what a booklet was, but soon, a super fun adventure started. A booklet is like a little, thin book. It’s great for sharing stories, pictures, or useful information. Our job was 2 (make) it into a cool guide about our school. We got into small groups. When we started brainstorming, ideas just came out. Some kids 3 (want) to talk about how yummy the food in the cafeteria was, and others wanted to share about the pretty school garden. As we listened to each other, we learned to respect everyone’s ideas and improved 4 (us) by working together. Then, it was time to get creative. The kids who were good with words wrote interesting stories, and the artists drew 5 (amaze) pictures of the school. But we ran into some problems. Sometimes, we couldn’t find the right words or drawings. Instead of 6 (give) up, we asked our group members for help and solved the difficulties together. During this process, we learned a lot from each other. The writers gave us tips on how to make sentences 7 (interesting), and the artists taught us how to use colors better. We even learned some new English words. After weeks of hard work, our booklets were finally finished. They looked so colorful and creative! On the day we presented them, we 8 (proud) told everyone how we made the booklets, what problems we faced, and how much fun we had. Making the booklet taught me the 9 (important) of working together, sharing ideas, and learning from each other. With good communication and support from friends, we can do amazing things. I really hope we 10 (have) more projects like this to make our school life even more special. It’s a great way to learn, have fun, and make our school life even more unforgettable. 19 / 21 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题03 形容词和副词 内容导航 01 复习目标→ 明考向、知权重、晓关联、以目标导学，以考向定标 02 知识重构 → 系统讲解核心知识，重构整合形成体系 脉络重构：快速扫描高频考点，定位薄区 典例破题：精选例题，呈现思路点拨+规范解答+方法提炼 巩固提升：趁热打铁练一练，强化巩固所学 03综合通关 → 综合演练，梯度设题；查漏补缺，闭环收官 1. 知识目标：掌握形容词、副词的基本用法、形副转换规则及比较级、最高级的构成与句型。 2. 能力目标：能准确辨析形副差异，灵活运用三级比较进行描述、理解与表达。 3. 应试目标：覆盖词义辨析、形式变化、句型结构三大考点，突破常见易错点，应对各类题型。 。 知识点 常考考点 命题风向 形容词和副词 1. 根据句子成分判断用形容词还是副词 2. 三级的规则变化与不规则变化。 3. 比较级应用抓住 than 标志词，掌握 much/even 等修饰词及各类比较句型 4. 高级应用：识别 in/of 范围标志，掌握 one of the + 最高级等核心结构。 1.从纯语法题转向在具体语境中考查词义辨析和运用，死记硬背规则的题减少 2.形容词、副词辨析是完形填空高频考点，侧重上下文逻辑和感情色彩判断 3.偏爱考查形副混用、双重比较、不规则变化、最高级前 the 的省略等易错点 4.作文中恰当运用比较级、最高级和高级形容词副词成为提分亮点 考情解码：属于中考语法高频必考语法点，每套试卷必有考查，分值稳定 脉｜络｜重｜构 考｜点｜精｜讲 知识点 形容词和副词 【课标要求】① 掌握形容词、副词的基本用法、转换规则及比较级、最高级的构成形式与核心句型；② 能在具体语境中准确辨析形副差异，灵活运用三级比较进行描述与表达；③ 聚焦词义辨析、形式变化、句型结构三大必考考点，突破形副混用、不规则变化等易错点，应对单选、完形、词汇运用等各类题型 1． 形容词和副词的基础概念 （1） 形容词 1. 定义 形容词，即说明人或事物的性质、特征和状态的词。 2. 使用规则 1　 放在名词前面，作定语； e.g. He is a nice teacher. 2　 放在系动词后面，作表语； e.g. He is nice. The sweater looks pretty. 3　 放在宾语后面，作宾语补足语。 e.g. Please keep your eyes closed. （2） 副词 1. 定义 副词，即用来说明时间、地点、程度、方式等概念的词。 2. 使用规则 副词可修饰动词、形容词、其他副词和整个句子 e.g. He runs fast. He is very handsome. He studies very hard. Luckily, he passed the exam. 2． 形副转换 形容词 副词 一般形容词 后面直接加ly。e.g. quick---quickly 辅音字母加y结尾 变y为i，加ly。e.g. happy---happily 元音字母加e结尾 去e加y。e.g. true ---truly le结尾 去e加y。e.g. possible---possibly 以ly结尾的形容词友好的 friendly 丑陋的 ugly 可爱的 lovely 孤独的 lonely 3． 形容词和副词的三个等级 （1） 等级基础定义 原级：即原形，表示两者具有相同的程度或水平 比较级：用于两者间的比较，表示“较……”或“更……一些” 最高级：用于三者或者三者以上的比较，表示“最……” （2） 形容词和副词的比较级或最高级的构成方法 1． 规则变化 分类 单音节词和部分双音节词 规则 原级 比较级 最高级 大多数词后加 er 或 est fast great faster greater fastest greatest 以 e 结尾的词后加 r 或 st large late larger later largest latest 以一个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节词，双写末尾辅音字母，再加 er 或 est hot thin hotter thinner hottest thinnest 以辅音字母 + y结尾的词，改 y 为 i，再加 er 或 est busy early busier earlier busiest earliest 多音节词和部分双音节词 在词的前面加 more 或 most beautiful quickly more beautiful more quickly most beautiful most quickly 注意 1.有些词既可以作形容词又可以做副词，如：fast,hard,high,low,early,late,long,well等。 2.有些词变比较级或最高级加er/est或more/most都可， 如clever-cleverer/more clever, clever-cleverest/most clever simple-simpler/more simple, simple-simplest/most simple dirty-dirtier/more dirty, dirty-dirtiest/most dirty 2. 不规则变化 原级 比较级 最高级 good/well better best bad/badly/ill worse worst many/much more most little less least old older（年纪较大的，强调年龄大小） elder（较长的，强调长幼顺序） oldest（年纪最大的） eldest（最长的） far farther（较远的，强调距离） further（进一步的，强调程度） farthest（最远的） furthest（最大限度的） 4． 比较级和最高级的句型 （1） 原级句型 1. A is as + adj./adv.原级 + as + B. 意为“和……一样……”。 e.g. Most of us are as tall as (和……一样高) our teachers. e.g. Actually, Tara studies as hard as (和……一样努力) Tina. 2. A is not + as/so + adj./adv.原级 + as B. 意为不如…，可以和比较级互相转换。 e.g. He is not as tall as I am / me. = He is shorter than I am/me. = I am taller than he is / him. Nanjing is not as/so big as Shanghai. = Nanjing is smaller than Shanghai. = Shanghai is bigger than Nanjing. 3. 固定搭配和做任务型时可考的转换： ①as ... as possible = as ... as sb. can/could 尽可能…… e.g. Tom spends as much time as he can practising speaking English. = Tom spends as much time as possible practising speaking English. Please write to me as soon as you can/possible. 请尽快/早给我回信。 ② as + adj.原级 + as ... = the same + n. + as ... as old / big / tall / heavy ... as ... = the same age / size / height / weight ...as ... e.g. My best friend is as old as me. 我最好的朋友和我年龄一样大。 =My best friend is the same age as me. 【典例破题】 To Gulliver’s surprise, the tiny man is ________ his middle finger A．as same size as B．as smaller as C．the same size as D．the same small as 【命题解读】 C 【详解】句意：令格列佛惊讶的是，这个小人和他的中指尺寸一样大。 as…as中间需用形容词或副词原级；the same…as中间需用名词。size是名词，符合the same size as搭配；smaller是比较级，small是形容词，均不符合语法规则。应选the same size as。 【易错警示】 混淆 as...as 与 the same...as 结构 —— 前者中间接形容词 / 副词原级，后者中间接名词 【巩固提升1】 The tea culture in China has a long history. We don’t drink coffee as ________ as we drink tea. A．much B．more C．most D．fewer A 【详解】句意：中国的茶文化历史悠久。我们喝咖啡不像喝茶那么多。 考查原级比较。much很多，修饰不可数名词；more更多，比较级；most最多，最高级；fewer更少，比较级，修饰可数名词。根据“We don’t drink coffee as...as we drink tea.”可知，此处考查“as+形容词/副词原级+as”，表示“和……一样……”，其中 much 表示数量/程度，用于修饰动词 drink 的程度，意为“像喝茶那样多地喝咖啡”。故选A。 【巩固提升2】 The price of petrol (汽油) is not ________ that of last year, so some more people aren’t planning to buy cars. A．as expensive as B．as cheap as C．as high as D．as low as D 【详解】句意：汽油的价格没有去年的低，所以更多人不打算买车。 考查形容词原级比较和形容词辨析。expensive昂贵的；cheap便宜的；high高的；low低的。根据“The price of petrol (汽油) is not...that of last year”以及“so some more people aren’t planning to buy cars”可知，因为汽油价格没有去年低，所以更多人不打算买车，此处指价格的高低用high或low，结合语境可知，此处表示“没有去年低”，用“not as low as”。故选D。 【巩固提升3】 He speaks English, but not ________ his brother. A．as good as B．as better as C．so well as D．so better as C 【详解】句意：他说英语，但不如他的兄弟说得好。 考查比较级结构。as good as和……一样好；as better as形式错误；so well as和……一样好，常用于否定；so better as形式错误。根据“He speaks English, but not…his brother.”可知，在否定句中常用“not as...as”或“not so...as”表示“不如……”，其中需用副词“well”修饰动词“speaks”。故选C。 （2） 比较级句型 1. 当句中有than时则用比较级。句型结构为： • A +系动词+ 形容词比较级+ than + B：表示“A比B更……”。 • A +实义动词+ 副词比较级+ than+ B：表示“A比B更……”，用于描述动作的比较。 e.g. The lights in your room are brighter than those in mine. e.g. Subways make our lives easier than before. e.g. More vegetables and fruit will help you live more healthily than before. 【典例破题】 Moreover, you had better spend ________ time on Physics than others. A．much B．more C．little D．less 【命题解读】 B 【详解】句意：此外，你最好比其他人花更多的时间在物理上。 考查形容词比较级。much许多；more更多；little少；less更少。根据“than others”可知，这里需要用比较级，表示“更多时间”应用more。故选B。 【易错警示】 易忽略 than 这一比较级标志词而误选原级 much/little 【巩固提升1】 Now we have ________ homework and ________ free time than last term. A．less; more B．fewer; less C．more; fewer D．less; fewer A 【详解】句意：现在我们比上学期有更少的作业和更多的空闲时间。 考查形容词比较级。less更少的，修饰不可数名词；more更多的，修饰可数名词或不可数名词；fewer更少的，修饰可数名词。根据“Now we have ... homework and ... free time than last term”可知，此处表示“现在有更少的作业，更多的空闲时间”；homework“家庭作业”，不可数名词，用less修饰；free time“空闲时间”，不可数名词，用more修饰。故选A。 【巩固提升2】 I work hard this term, but Peter works much ________ than me. A．hard B．harder C．hardest D．the hardest B 【详解】句意：这学期我努力学习，但彼得学习比我努力得多。 考查比较级。hard努力地，副词原级；harder更努力，比较级；hardest最努力地，最高级。根据“than”可知此处用副词的比较级。故选B。 【巩固提升3】 Strangely, the boys in our class can sing ________ than the girls. A．more beautiful B．much beautifully C．much more beautifully D．a little more beautiful C 【详解】句意：奇怪的是，我们班的男生比女生唱得好听多了。 考查副词的比较级。beautiful出色的，形容词；beautifully出色地，副词。此处修饰动词sing，应用副词beautifully；由than可知应是比较级，much后加beautifully的比较级more beautifully。故选C。 2. 比较对象为两者时用比较级： “特殊疑问词+ 系动词/实义动词+比较级, A or B ?” e.g. Which is bigger, the earth or the moon? 【典例破题】 —Which is _________, health or money? —Of course health. Without health, life is not life. A．the least important B．less important C．more important D．the most important 【命题解读】 C 【详解】句意：——健康和金钱哪个更重要？——当然是健康。没有健康，生活就不是生活。 考查形容词比较级。the least important最不重要的；less important更不重要的；more important更重要的；the most important最重要的。根据空格后“health or money”可知，对两者进行比较时应用比较级，故排除A、D选项；又根据后文“Of course health. Without health, life is not life.”可知，此处应该提问健康和金钱哪个更重要。故选C。 【易错警示】 未结合答语 Of course health判断出问的是 更重要而非 更不重要。 【巩固提升1】 —Which do you think is ________, having snowball fights or skating? —We like having snowball fights. A．more excited B．the most excited C．more exciting D．the most exciting C 【详解】句意：——你认为打雪仗和滑冰哪个更刺激？——我们喜欢打雪仗。 考查形容词辨析及比较级用法。exciting令人兴奋的，more exciting为其比较级；the most exciting最令人兴奋的；excited感到兴奋的，more excited为其比较级；the most excited最激动的。根据“having snowball fights or skating”可知，此处为二选一，用比较级；打雪仗和滑冰是令人兴奋的，所以填more exciting。故选C。 【巩固提升2】 —Which boy is ________, the tall one or the short one? —I prefer the short one. He always makes me laugh a lot when he speaks. A．humorous B．serious C．more humorous D．more serious C 【详解】句意：——哪个男孩更幽默，高个子的还是矮个子的？——我更喜欢矮个子的那个。他说话时总是让我笑得很开心。 考查形容词比较级和词义辨析。humorous幽默的；serious严肃的；more humorous更幽默的；more serious更严肃的。二者比较应使用比较级，根据“He always makes me laugh a lot when he speaks”可知，询问的是谁更幽默。故选C。 【巩固提升3】 —Which river is ________, Chang jiang River or Huang he River? —Changjiang River. It is the third longest river in the world. A．long B．short C．longer D．shorter C 【详解】句意：——哪条河更长，长江还是黄河？——长江。它是世界第三长河。 考查形容词辨析及比较级。long长的；short短的；longer更长的；shorter更短的。根据“Changjiang River or Huanghe River”和“It is the third longest river in the world.”可知，此处是两者之间的比较，且应是比较谁更长，用比较级。故选C。 3. “the +比较级+ of the two +其他” 意为 “两者中较……的”。 e.g. Look at the two boys. My brother is the taller (tall) of the two. 【典例破题】 Of the two shirts, he’d like to choose ________ one to save some money for a trip. A．the cheapest B．a cheaper C．more expensive D．the less expensive 【命题解读】 D 【详解】句意：在这两件衬衫中，他想要选择较便宜的一件，以便为旅行省些钱。 考查形容词比较级。根据句中“Of the two shirts”以及“to save some money for a trip”可知，此处是在两件衬衫中进行比较，选择较便宜的一件，且是两者之间的比较，应该用比较级形式，且比较级前一般用定冠词the来修饰。故选D。 【易错警示】 易忽略 of the two 结构中比较级前需加定冠词 the 而误选 a cheaper 【巩固提升1】 Kitty is ________ of the twin sisters. She is taller than her sister. A．tall B．taller C．the taller D．the tallest C 【详解】句意：基蒂是这对双胞胎姐妹中较高的那个。她比她妹妹高。 考查形容词比较级。tall原级，高的；taller比较级，更高的；the taller比较级前加the，表示“两者中较……的那个”；the tallest最高级，最高的，用于三者及以上对比。根据“the twin sisters”可知，句子是在两者之间进行比较，此处需特指“双胞胎中较高的那一个”，比较级前需加定冠词“the”，故选C。 【巩固提升2】 —They are twins. I don’t know which one of them is Tim. —Tim is ________ of the two. A．strong B．the taller C．the thinnest D．shorter B 【详解】句意：——他们是双胞胎。我不知道他们中哪一个是Tim。——Tim是两人中较高的那个。 考查形容词比较级。strong强壮的；the taller较高的；the thinnest最瘦的；shorter较矮的。根据“of the two”可知，两者中的比较要用比较级，特指两者中的某一个，前要加the，故选B。 【巩固提升3】 Tom is ________ of the two boys. A．the most careful B．much stronger C．the more stronger D．the more careful D 【详解】句意：汤姆是两个男孩中更细心的那个。 考查形容词比较级。the most careful最细心的，用于三个及以上的人或物进行比较；much stronger更强壮的；the more stronger错误表达；the more careful（两者中）更细心的。根据“of the two boys”可知，表达“两者中更……的”，使用“the+比较级”的结构，故选D。 4. 比较级+and+比较级，意为“越来越……”。 e.g. He is getting taller and taller. The girl is more and more beautiful. 【典例破题】 It’s said that there will be ________ wildlife in this area. That’s because people keep taking their land and there will be ________ space for farms and buildings. A．more and more; fewer and fewer B．fewer and fewer; more and more C．more and more; less and less D．less and less; more and more 【命题解读】 D 【详解】句意：据说这个地区的野生动物将越来越少。那是因为人们不断侵占它们的土地，将会有越来越多的空间用于农场和建筑物。 more and more修饰可数或不可数名词，表示“越来越多”；fewer and fewer修饰可数名词复数；less and less修饰不可数名词，表示“越来越少”。第一空，空格后“wildlife”为不可数名词，且根据语境数量减少，需用less and less；第二空，空格后“space”为不可数名词，且根据语境用于建设的空间增加，需用more and more。 【易错警示】 易混淆 fewer 与 less 的修饰对象 ——wildlife 和 space 均为不可数名词，需用 less/more 修饰 【巩固提升1】 If we take more land for our own use, the living areas of wild animals will be ________. A．more and more B．fewer and fewer C．less and less D．larger and larger B 【详解】句意：如果我们占用更多的土地供自己使用，野生动物的栖息地将会越来越少。 more and more越来越多；fewer and fewer越来越少（修饰可数名词）；less and less越来越少（修饰不可数名词）；larger and larger越来越大。根据题干“living areas”是可数名词复数，且前句“take more land for our own use”意味着动物栖息地“越来越少”，应填fewer and fewer。 【巩固提升2】 The number of wild animals is getting________, for their living areas are getting________. A．larger and larger;less and less B．more and more;fewer and fewer C．smaller and smaller;less and less D．smaller and smaller;fewer and fewer D 【详解】句意：野生动物的数量正变得越来越少，因为它们的生存区域正变得越来越少。 larger and larger越来越大，less and less 越来越少；more and more越来越多，fewer and fewer越来越少；smaller and smaller越来越小。the number of wild animals野生动物的数量，描述“数量”的大小用smaller and smaller或larger and larger，不用more and more。 living areas生存区域，是可数名词复数，描述“区域数量变少”用fewer and fewer；less and less用于不可数名词。 【巩固提升3】 The number of polar bears is becoming ________ because climate change leads to ________ living spaces. A．fewer and fewer, less and less B．smaller and smaller, less and less C．fewer and fewer, smaller and smaller D．smaller and smaller, fewer and fewer D 【详解】句意：北极熊的数量变得越来越少，因为气候变化导致了越来越少的生存空间。 the number of表示“……的数量”，表示数目大小只能用large，small来修饰，此处描述“数量越来越少”，要用smaller and smaller，排除A，C选项；less是little的比较级，修饰不可数名词，fewer是few的比较级，修饰可数名词，spaces是可数名词的复数形式，只能用fewer and fewer来修饰。 5. The +比较级..., the +比较级... 意为 “越……，越……”。 e.g. The more careful (仔细的) you are, the fewer (少的) mistakes you will make. Friends are just like wine. The older, the better (good). 【典例破题】 ________ you are, ________ mistakes you will make. A．The careful; the few B．The more careful; the fewer C．More careful; fewer D．The most careful; the fewest 【命题解读】 B 【详解】句意：你越认真，你犯的错误就会越少。“the + 比较级, the + 比较级”是固定用法，意为“越……，就越……”，前后分句均需使用比较级且冠词the不可省略。careful是多音节形容词，比较级为more careful；mistakes是可数名词复数，需用few修饰，其比较级为fewer。 【易错警示】 易漏掉 the + 比较级, the + 比较级 结构中的定冠词 the 【巩固提升1】 The ________ you stand, the ________ you can see. A．high; far B．highest; farthest C．higher; farthest D．higher; farther D 【详解】句意：你站得越高，你就看得越远。 考查the+比较级，the+比较级结构。根据“The…you stand, the…you can see.”可知此处表示“越……就越……”，结构是：the+比较级，the+比较级。higher是high的比较级，farther是far的比较级，表示距离更远。故选D。 【巩固提升2】 The ________ you walk, the ________ sights you can see along the road. A．slower; less B．more slowly; more C．more slowly; less D．slower; fewer B 【详解】句意：你走得越慢，能在路上看到的景色就越多。 考查“the + 比较级, the + 比较级”结构。less更少的；fewer更少的；more更多的。根据“The…you walk, the…sights you can see along the road.”可知，第一个空修饰动词“walk”，需用副词比较级，“more slowly”是副词“slowly”的比较级形式；第二个空修饰可数名词“sights”，需用“more”表示“更多”。故选B。 【巩固提升3】 The ________ you work, the ________ you’ll finish your schoolwork. A．harder; easier B．much hard; more easily C．more hard; easier D．harder; more easily D 【详解】句意：你学习越努力，你完成学业就会越容易。 考查副词比较级结构。“the+比较级, the+比较级”表示“越……，越……”。第一个空修饰动词“work”，需用副词的比较级，“hard”是副词，其比较级为“harder”；第二个空修饰动词“finish”，也需用副词的比较级，“easily”是副词，其比较级为“more easily”。故选D。 6. 数量的比较： • A + be + more +[cn]/[un]+ than+B. : A比B更多…… e.g. She has more money than I. 她的钱比我的多。 • A + be + fewer +[cn] + than+B. : A比B更少…… e.g. Daniel studies fewer subjects than I. 丹尼尔学的科目比我少。 • A + be + less +[un]+ than+B. : A比B更少…… e.g. Millie has less rice than Daniel. 米莉比丹尼尔吃的米少。 ·数量（number）人口（population） → big /large/small The number of tourists here is bigger than that of last year. 这里游客的数量比去年更多。 This town has the smallest population in the whole country. 这个小镇拥有全国最少的人口。 价格 → high /low The price of this new bike is much higher than I expected. 这辆新自行车的价格比我预想的高很多。 the number of vs a number of The number of old buildings in the city is getting smaller.（数量，单数动词） 这座城市老建筑的数量正在变少。 A number of students choose to take after-school art classes.（许多，复数动词） 很多学生选择参加课外美术课。 【典例破题】 We’ll try our best to do the work with ________ money ________ people. A．few, little B．a few, a little C．less, fewer D．fewer, less 【命题解读】 C 【详解】句意：我们将尽力用更少的钱和更少的人做这项工作。 考查形容词比较级。money（钱）不可数名词，用little（几乎没有，很少）或a little（一点）修饰，比较级less（更少的）；people（人们）集体名词，a few（一些）或few（几乎没有，很少）修饰可数名词复数，比较级fewer（更少的）。结合语境可知，两空都暗含比较，用比较级，故选C。 【易错警示】 易混淆 less 与 fewer 的修饰对象 ——money 不可数用 less、people 可数用 fewer 【巩固提升1】 If you want to be________, you have to eat________ food and take ___________ exercise. A．thinner; less; more B．thinner; little; more C．thin; few; enough D．thinner; fewer; less A 【详解】句意：如果你想变得更瘦，你必须吃更少的食物，做更多的锻炼。这里是用thin的比较级；食物是不可数名词，这里用little的比较级；短语take more exercise表示做更多的锻炼。根据题意，故选A。 【巩固提升2】 There will be ________ space for wildlife in the wild A．fewer and fewer B．less and less C．fewer and less D．few B 【详解】句意“在荒野里，野生动物将有越来越少的空间”。space空间，不可数名词，根据句意，故选B。 【巩固提升3】 I have ______ money than you, but I have ______ friends. A．a little, a few B．a few, more C．less, more D．less, much C 【详解】试题分析：句意:我的钱比你少，但是我的朋友比你多。根据句意及句中的than可知，这里应该用比较级，即表示我和你之间的一个对比。money 是不可数名词，故应该用little 修饰，其比较级的形式是less;更多的，many 或much 的比较级形式都是more。故选C。 7. 比较级表示最高级的含义： e.g. The Yangtze River is longer than any other river in China. =The Yangtze River is longer than the other rivers in China. =The Yangtze River is the longest river in China. 对比 : The Yangtze River is longer than any river in Japan. 【典例破题】 Shanghai is bigger than ________ in Jiangsu and bigger than ________ in China. A．any city; any city B．any city; any other city C．any other city; the other city D．any other city; other cities 【命题解读】 B 【详解】句意：上海比江苏的任何城市都大，比中国的任何其他城市都大。 any city任何城市；any other city任何其他城市；the other city另一个城市；other cities其他城市。上海不属于江苏范围内，第一空无需排除自身，用any city；上海属于中国范围内，第二空需排除自身，用any other city。 【易错警示】 易混淆同一范围与不同范围的比较 —— 上海不属于江苏（不同范围用 any city）、但属于中国（同一范围需排除自身用 any other city） 【巩固提升1】 —Do you know Shanghai is one of ________ cities in the world? —Yes, it’s bigger than ________ city in China. A．the biggest; any other B．the biggest; the other C．bigger; any other D．bigger; the other A 【详解】句意：——你知道上海是世界上最大的城市之一吗？——是的，它比中国任何其他城市都大。 第一空，固定结构“one of + the + 形容词最高级 + 复数名词”意为“最……之一”，句中已有“cities”，应用最高级the biggest。第二空，上海属于中国城市，比较时需排除自身，用“any other + 单数名词”表示“任何其他的……”，即any other city。 【巩固提升2】 —Everyone knows China is the third ________ country in the world. —That’s it. It’s larger than ________ country in Asia (亚洲). A．larger; any B．larger; any other C．largest; any other D．largest; any C 【详解】句意：——大家都知道中国是世界上第三大的国家。——没错，它比亚洲任何一个其他国家都大。 第一空，根据the third可知表示排序，结构为“序数词 + 形容词最高级”，故填largest；第二空，中国属于亚洲，同一范围内进行比较需排除自身，应用any other + 单数名词。 【巩固提升3】 —Canada is one of the largest ________ in the world. —Yes, it is larger than ________ country in Asia. A．country; any other B．countries; any other C．countries; any D．country; any C 【详解】句意：——加拿大是世界上最大的国家之一。——是的，它比亚洲任何一个国家都大。 考查形容词最高级和比较级用法。“one of+the+形容词最高级+可数名词复数”表示“……中最……之一”；“any”用于不同范围的比较，“any other”用于同一范围的比较，加拿大不属于亚洲，所以用“any”。故选C。 【注意】只有同类的事物才能比较： His house is as big as me.(×) His house is as big as mine.(√) （3） 最高级句型 1. “the +最高级+ in/of ...” 意为 “……中最……的”。 e.g. Tom is the tallest (最高的) in his class/of all the students. This apple is the biggest of the five. 【典例破题】 —You look worried. Did you finish your project? —Yes, but I think I did it ________ among all my classmates. I made many small mistakes. A．more carefully B．less carefully C．the most carefully D．the least carefully 【命题解读】 D 【详解】句意：——你看起来很担心。你完成你的项目了吗？——是的，但我认为我在所有同学中做得最不仔细。我犯了很多小错误。 考查副词最高级的用法。more carefully更仔细地；less carefully不那么仔细地；the most carefully最仔细地；the least carefully最不仔细地。根据“among all my classmates”可知，表示在全体同学中比较，需用最高级形式，排除A项和B项；根据“I made many small mistakes.”可知，说话者认为自己完成得最不仔细，排除C项。故选D。 【易错警示】 易忽略 among all my classmates 表示三者及以上比较需用最高级而误选比较级 【巩固提升1】 —Who usually comes to the classroom ________ in your class? —Sue. She is always the first. A．earlier B．earliest C．later D．latest B 【详解】句意：——在你们班谁通常最早来到教室？ ——苏。她总是第一个到教室。 考查副词最高级。earlier早期地；earliest最早地；later较晚地；latest最新地。根据“She is always the first.”可知，此处表达她是最早到学校的，应用副词最高级修饰谓语动词。故选B。 【巩固提升2】 —Why didn’t Mr. Wu choose Jack to do the class project? —Because he always does things ________ in his class. A．carefully B．less carefully C．the most carefully D．the least carefully D 【详解】句意：—— 为什么吴老师没选杰克做班级项目？—— 因为他在班里做事总是最不认真。 考查副词最高级。根据 “in his class” 可知，比较范围是三者及以上，用最高级。根据“Why didn’t Mr. Wu choose Jack to do the class project?”说明杰克做事最不认真。故选 D。 【巩固提升3】 Adam runs ________ in our class, so we all think he can take part in the sports meeting. A．faster B．fastest C．earlier D．earliest B 【详解】句意：亚当在我们班跑得最快，所以我们都认为他可以参加运动会。 考查副词最高级。faster更快；fastest最快的；earlier更早的；earliest最早的。根据表示范围的“in our class”可知，此处应用最高级。结合“so we all think he can take part in the sports meeting”可知，Adam是跑得最快的，副词的最高级前可省略定冠词the。故选B。 2. “特殊疑问词 + be + the +最高级, A, B or C ?” 用于询问三者中最……的。 e.g. Who is the oldest (年纪最大的), Jack, Mike or David? 【典例破题】 Who listens ________, Tom, Jack or Bill? A．the most carefully B．more carefully C．the most careful D．more careful 【命题解读】 A 【详解】句意：谁听得最认真，Tom，Jack还是Bill？ 考查副词的最高级。listen是动词，用副词修饰；根据“Tom, Jack or Bill”可知，用最高级。careful“认真的”，形容词；carefully“认真地”，副词，最高级是the most carefully。故选A。 【易错警示】 三者比较（Tom, Jack or Bill）却误选比较级，二是修饰动词 listen 误用形容词 careful 而非副词 carefully 【巩固提升1】 Which city is ________ , Beijing, Shanghai or Yangzhou? A．beautiful B．more beautiful C．much more beautiful D．the most beautiful D 【详解】句意：北京、上海和扬州，哪个城市最漂亮？ 考查形容词最高级。根据比较对象“Beijing, Shanghai or Yangzhou”（三者）可知，此处需用最高级形式，“beautiful”是多音节形容词，其最高级为“the most beautiful”，故选D。 【巩固提升2】 —Which city do you think is ________ from Wuxi, Yantai or Qinhuangdao? —Qinhuangdao. And Wuxi is ________ to Shanghai. A．the farthest; closer B．farthest; the more close C．farther; the most close D．farther; the closest D 【详解】句意：——你认为哪个城市离无锡更远，烟台还是秦皇岛？——秦皇岛。而且无锡离上海最近。 考查形容词比较级和最高级。第一空是两者（烟台和秦皇岛）之间比较，用比较级“farther”；第二空是无锡与上海的距离，隐含“在多个城市中最接近”的意思，用最高级“the closest”。故选D。 【巩固提升3】 —Which is ________ season in your hometown? —I think it’s spring. Everything is so beautiful in the spring. A．nice B．nicer C．nicest D．the nicest D 【详解】句意：——你家乡哪个季节最好？——我想是春天。在春天，一切都是那么美丽。 考查形容词最高级。nice好，形容词原级；nicer比较好的，形容词比较级；nicest最好的，形容词最高级；the nicest形容词最高级前加the。季节通常有四个，属于三者以上的比较，须用最高级，最高级前用定冠词the。故选D。 3. one of the +最高级+复数名词+ in/of ... , 意为 “……中最……之一”。 【注意】本结构作主语时，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式！ e.g. Beijing is one of the biggest cities (最大的城市) in China. 4. the +序数词+最高级+单数名词+范围 意为 “……是第几……”。 e.g. The Yellow River is the second longest river (第二大河流) in China. 【典例破题】 —The film Nobody《浪浪山小妖怪》 is ________ excellent one. —I agree. It’s one of ________ most meaningful films this year. A．a; the B．an; a C．the; the D．an; the 【命题解读】 D 【详解】句意：——电影《浪浪山小妖怪》是一部优秀的影片。——我同意。它是今年最有意义的电影之一。 第一空泛指“一部”优秀的电影，excellent是以元音音素开头的单词，用不定冠词an；第二空处于“one of the+形容词最高级+名词复数”结构中，形容词最高级前需加定冠词the。 【易错警示】 one of 结构中形容词最高级前需加定冠词 the 【巩固提升1】 The ________ of tea has lasted for thousands of years, and it is still one of the most ________ drinks in the world. A．popular; popularity B．popularity; popular C．popular; popular D．popularity; popularity B 【详解】句意：茶的流行已经持续了数千年，它至今仍是世界上最受欢迎的饮品之一。 popular受欢迎的（形容词）；popularity流行/受欢迎程度（名词）。第一空前有定冠词“The”，后接“of tea”，需填名词作主语，应填popularity；第二空前有“the most”，修饰名词drinks，需填形容词，应填popular。 【巩固提升2】 Nanjing’s city wall is one of the ________ and best-protected ancient city walls in the world. A．longest B．longer C．long D．most long A 【详解】句意：南京城墙是世界上最长且保存最完好的古城墙之一。 考查形容词最高级。longest最长的；longer更长的；long长的；most long错误形式。根据句意“one of the...and best-protected ancient city walls in the world”可知，此处表示“最长的”之一，且“in the world”提示使用最高级，与“best-protected”并列。故选A。 【巩固提升3】 The Great Wall is one of ________ places of interest in China. A．famous B．more famous C．most famous D．the most famous D 【详解】句意：长城是中国最著名的名胜之一。 考查形容词最高级用法。根据“one of”和“in China”可知，此处结构为“one of+the+形容词最高级+复数名词”，意为“最……的……之一”，所以此处应填the+形容词最高级。故选D。 【注意】形容词最高级之前要加the , 但当最高级之前有形容词性物主代词 或名词所有格 等限定词时则不用加the。 e.g. He is my best (我最好的)/Lily’s best (Lily最好的)/ my mother’s best (我妈妈最好的) friend. 5． 常见形副辨析 （一）enough 的用法 1. 作限定词时，意为“足够的，充足的”，修饰名词，放在复数名词或不可数名词前。 There are enough chairs for everyone in the classroom. 教室里有足够的椅子供所有人使用。 We have enough time to finish the homework. 我们有足够的时间完成作业。 2. 作副词时，意为“足够地”，通常位于形容词或副词后。 This house isn’t big enough for us. 这房子对我们来说不够大。 He runs fast enough to win the race. 他跑得足够快，能赢得比赛。 （二）enough to 的用法 “be+adj.+enough+to do sth.”结构意为“足够……可以做某事”，用来描述人的品质和能力，此时enough作副词，放在被修饰的形容词后面。 He was kind enough to stand us a meal. 他真好，请我们吃了饭。 She’s old enough to make a decision by herself. 她已到自己作决定的年龄了。 （三）too 的用法 too是副词，意为“太，过于，过度”，修饰形容词和副词，放在被修饰词的前面。 The building is too high for me. 这幢楼对我来说太高了。 I’m turning up the heat. It’s too cold. 我在调高暖气。天太冷了。 （四）too...to...的用法 1. “too...to...”结构的形式是肯定的，但表达否定意义，意为“太……而不能……”。too后面接形容词或副词的原级，to后面接动词原形，构成动词不定式。 The old man is too old to climb the mountain. 这位老人年龄太大了，不能爬山。 It’s too late to do anything about it now. 现在进行任何补救都为时太晚。 2. too前面有表示否定意义的词时(如 not、never、nothing等)，too...to...结构表示肯定。 One is never too old to learn. 活到老，学到老。 （五）enough to 和 too...to...的转换 “be+not+adj.+enough+to do”相当于“be+too+adj.+to do”，通常情况下too后面的形容词和enough前面的形容词互为反义词。 Monica is too young to do the work. =Monica isn’t old enough to do the work. 莫妮卡太年轻了，无法胜任这项工作。 注意 (1)在enough to 和 too...to...结构中的动词不定式前，可用介词for引出逻辑主语。 The box is too heavy for me to carry. 这个箱子太重了，我搬不动。 These questions are easy enough for me to answer. 这些问题对我来说很容易回答。 (2)在enough to 和 too...to...结构中，如果动词不定式和主语构成被动关系，动词不定式中的动词后不能使用代词来指代主语。 The problem is too difficult to solve.(√) The problem is too difficult to solve it.(×) 这个问题太难，无法解决。 (3)在enough to 和 too...to...结构中，如果主语是后面动词不定式所表示动作发生的地点，且动词不定式中的动词为不及物动词，则需要在动词不定式后面加上相应的介词。 The room is big enough to live in. 这个房间足够大，可以住进去。 The river is too deep for children to swim in. 这条河太深了，孩子们不能在里面游泳。 （六）-ing&-ed 形容词 -ing 形容词 -ed 形容词 surprising 令人惊讶的 surprised 感到惊讶的 interesting 有趣的 interested 感到有趣的 exciting 令人兴奋的 excited 感到兴奋的 moving 令人感动的 moved 感到感动的 tiring 令人疲倦的 tired 感到疲倦的 -ing 结尾的形容词，通常修饰事物/物品（描述事物本身的属性，表 “令人…… 的”） -ed 结尾的形容词，通常修饰人描述人的主观感受，表 “感到…… 的”） 【典例破题】 The road should be wider. It is ________for two cars to go through at the same time. A．too wide B．not wide enough C．not too wide D．wide enough 【命题解读】 B 【详解】句意：这条路应该更宽些。它不够宽，无法让两辆车同时通过。 too wide太宽；not wide enough不够宽；not too wide不太宽；wide enough足够宽。根据前句“The road should be wider.”可知，这条路目前不够宽，无法满足两辆车同时通行的需求，应填not wide enough。 【易错警示】 易未结合前句 should be wider（应该更宽些）的语境判断出路不够宽 【巩固提升1】 Sally is only 110 cm. She isn’t _________ to reach the toy on the shelf. A．tall enough B．short enough C．too tall D．too short A 【详解】句意：萨莉身高只有110厘米。她不够高，够不到架子上的玩具。 tall enough足够高；short enough足够矮；too tall太高；too short太矮。根据前句“only 110 cm”和“reach the toy on the shelf”可知，此处表示身高不够高，应填tall enough。 【巩固提升2】 She ran ________ to catch the early bus. A．enough fast B．fast enough C．too fast D．so fast B 【详解】句意：她跑得足够快，赶上了那辆早班车。 enough fast词序错误；fast enough足够快（enough修饰副词时需置于其后）；too fast太快；so fast如此快。根据空后的“to catch the early bus”可知，此处表示“足够快可以赶上车”，“副词+enough+to do sth.”表示“足够……可以做某事”的结构。因为enough修饰副词fast时必须置于其后，应填fast enough。 【巩固提升3】 This book is ________ for a primary school student to read. A．easy enough B．enough easy C．too easy D．so easy A 【详解】句意：这本书足够简单，小学生也能读懂。 easy enough足够简单（enough修饰形容词时需置于其后）；enough easy词序错误；too easy太简单；so easy非常简单。根据空后的“for a primary school student to read”可知，此处是形容词+enough+for sb.+to do sth.“足够……以至于某人可以做某事”的结构。因为enough修饰形容词easy时需置于其后，且符合“足够简单，小学生可以读懂”的逻辑语境，应填easy enough。 6． It is+adj. (+for/of...) + to do 句型 （一）It is+adj.+to do 句型 “It is+adj.+to do”句型用来表达对某事物的看法，其中It作形式主语，真正的主语是动词不定式。 It is interesting to go fishing. 钓鱼真有趣。 （二）It is+ adj.+for sb.+to do 句型 可以在“It is+adj.+to do”句型中的形容词后加上“for sb.”，意为“对某人来说做某事是……的”，for引出逻辑主语，用于说明谈论的对象。常见的形容词有convenient、dangerous、easy、difficult等。 It was difficult for the villagers to go to towns before.以前，对村民们来说，去镇上很难。 It is convenient for me to pick you up tomorrow. 明天接你对我来说是方便的。 （三）It is+adj.+of sb.+to do 句型 “It is+adj.+of sb.+to do”句型用来表达我们对某人所做之事的看法，意为“某人做某事真是……”，注意此时的形容词要描述人的特征、品质等，常用的形容词有brave、helpful、kind、clever、silly等。 It is kind of him to help the elderly cross the road. 他真善良，帮助老人过马路。 It is brave of Tom to give a speech in public. 汤姆当众演讲，真勇敢。 延伸 (1)表示“不做某事是……的”要在不定式前加not。 It’s important not to skip meals. 重要的是，不能不吃饭。 (2)在“It is+adj.+of sb.+to do”句型中，of后的宾语与动词不定式之间存在逻辑上的主谓关系，一般可以转换成一个以of后的宾语充当主语的句子。 It is kind of you to share some good ideas with me. = You are kind to share some good ideas with me. 【典例破题】 It is difficult ________ the old people ________ cross the busy road alone. A．of; to B．for; to C．of; for D．for; for 【命题解读】 B 【详解】句意：对于老年人来说，独自穿过繁忙的马路是困难的。 固定句型“It is + 形容词 + for/of sb. + to do sth.”，当形容词表示事物的性质（如 difficult, hard, easy）时，介词用 for；当形容词表示人的性格特征（如 kind, clever）时，介词用 of。本句中difficult表示事情困难，故第一空填for；第二空动词不定式作真正的主语，填to。 【易错警示】 difficult 描述事物性质（事情难），应用 for 【巩固提升1】 It is brave ________ the volunteer ________ save the child from the burning building. A．of; to B．for; to C．of; / D．for; / A 【详解】句意：志愿者从燃烧的大楼里救出孩子，真是勇敢。 固定句型“It is + adj. + of/for + sb. + to do sth.”。形容词brave用来修饰人的品质，表示“某人是勇敢的”，介词应用of；该句型中真正的主语是动词不定式，第二空应用to。 【巩固提升2】 It is ________ for Simon ________ basketball with his friends after school. A．happily; play B．happy; playing C．happiness; to play D．happy; to play D 【详解】句意：对西蒙来说，放学后和朋友打篮球是快乐的。 happy开心的（形容词）；happily开心地（副词）；happiness开心（名词）；play玩/打（球）。根据句型“It is+形容词+for sb.+to do sth.”可知，第一空应填形容词，第二空应填动词不定式。结合选项，应填happy和to play。 【巩固提升3】 It is ________ for students ________ hard in school. A．importantly; to study B．important; study C．important; to study D．importance; to study C 【详解】句意：对于学生来说，在学校努力学习是很重要的。 important为形容词，importantly为副词，importance为名词。固定句型“It is+adj.+for sb.+to do sth.”，意为“做某事对某人来说是……的”。第一空位于系动词is之后，应用形容词作表语；第二空应用动词不定式作真正的主语，It作形式主语。 一、单项选择 1．It is necessary ________ students ________ get up early every day. A．of; to B．for; to C．of; for D．for; for B 【详解】句意：每天早起对学生们来说是必要的。 of属于；to朝，到；for为了。根据“It is necessary…students…get up early every day.”可知，本句为固定句型“It is+adj.+for/of+sb.+to do sth.”。当形容词描述人的性格品质时用of，描述事物性质时用for，necessary意为“必要的”，描述事物性质，故第一空填for；句型中真正的主语是动词不定式，故第二空填to。应填for；to。 2．There are ________ apples on the table. They’re ________ heavy for me to carry. A．too much, too B．too many, too C．much too, enough D．too many, enough B 【详解】句意：桌子上有太多的苹果了。它们太重了，我搬不动。 too much太多，修饰不可数名词；too many太多，修饰可数名词的复数形式；much too太，通常加形容词或副词；too太，通常加形容词或副词；enough足够，可修饰名词、形容词或副词，enough修饰形容词需后置。第一空修饰可数名词复数apples，表示“太多”应填too many；第二空修饰形容词heavy，且句中有“to carry”，可知此处为too... to... 结构，表示“太……而不能……”，应填too。 3．Shanghai is bigger than ________ in Jiangsu and bigger than ________ in China. A．any city; any city B．any city; any other city C．any other city; the other city D．any other city; other cities B 【详解】句意：上海比江苏的任何城市都大，比中国的任何其他城市都大。 any city任何城市；any other city任何其他城市；the other city另一个城市；other cities其他城市。上海不属于江苏范围内，第一空无需排除自身，用any city；上海属于中国范围内，第二空需排除自身，用any other city。 4．—Is Tom the ________ boy in your class? —No. In fact, Ben is ________ than Tom. A．outgoing; more outgoing B．more outgoing; most outgoing C．most outgoing; outgoing D．most outgoing; more outgoing D 【详解】句意：——汤姆是你们班最外向的男孩吗？——不。事实上，本比汤姆更外向。 outgoing是多音节形容词，第一空根据“in your class”可知比较范围是三者及以上，且空前有the，应用最高级most outgoing；第二空根据“than”可知是两者之间的比较，应用比较级more outgoing。应填most outgoing; more outgoing。 5．The Yangtze River is one of ________ in the world. A．long river B．the longest rivers C．longest river D．the longer rivers B 【详解】句意：长江是世界上最长的河流之一。 “one of+the+最高级+复数名词”是固定结构，表示“最……的……之一”，所以用the longest rivers。 6．One of the most famous ________ in China ________ the Great Wall. A．place; is B．places; are C．place; are D．places; is D 【详解】句意：中国最著名的地方之一是长城。 “one of+最高级+复数名词”是固定结构，名词用复数places；主语“one of ...”视为单数，谓语用is。 7．Anna is an excellent singer. She sings ________ than other students. A．beautifully B．more beautifully C．less beautifully D．most beautifully B 【详解】句意：安娜是一位出色的歌手。她唱得比其他学生更动听。 beautifully动听地（原级）；more beautifully更动听地（比较级）；less beautifully较不动听地（降级比较级）；most beautifully最动听地（最高级）。than为比较级标志，修饰动词sing用副词，beautifully的比较级是more beautifully；结合“优秀的歌手”，确定是唱得更好。故选more beautifully。 8．I like the main character ________ than other roles in this story. A．good B．best C．well D．better D 【详解】句意：比起这个故事中的其他角色，我更喜欢主角。 good好的（形容词原级）；best最好（最高级）；well好地（副词，常修饰动词）；better更好（比较级）。根据“than” 可知，此处应填比较级形式better。 9．—Who sings ________ in your class? —Li Na does. She has a beautiful voice. A．the most beautifully B．more beautifully C．the most beautiful D．more beautiful A 【详解】句意：——你们班谁唱得最动听？——李娜。她有一副好嗓子。 修饰动词sings需用副词，根据范围“in your class”可知是三者及以上比较，需用最高级，故填the most beautifully。 10．—Hi, Bob. Which sport do you like ________, basketball, football or volleyball? —Basketball. I’m good at it. A．well B．better C．the better D．best D 【详解】句意：——嗨，鲍勃。篮球、足球和排球，你最喜欢哪项运动？——篮球。我擅长它。 根据“basketball, football or volleyball”可知，在三者之间进行比较，应用最高级best。 二、用所给单词的适当形式填空 1．Among all the ball games, Mike likes to play basketball ________ (much). most 【详解】句意：在所有球类运动中，迈克最喜欢打篮球。句中“Among all the ball games”表示在三者及以上事物中进行比较，需使用副词最高级。much的最高级形式为most。 2．—Who do you think needs the books ________ (much)? —The students in poor villages. most 【详解】句意：——你认为谁最需要这些书？——贫困山区的学生。根据语境，询问谁“最”需要，应用副词的最高级形式，much的最高级为most。 3．Things with deep meaning can be remembered ________ (long) than simple words. longer 【详解】句意：具有深意的事物比简单的单词能被记住得更久。句中“than”为比较级标志词，提示应用比较级形式，括号内“long”的副词比较级为“longer”，修饰动词“remembered”。故填longer。 4．Jenny often listens to music on the Internet, so she sings ________ (good) than I. better 【详解】句意：珍妮经常在网上听歌，所以她唱歌比我好听。 根据“than”可知，此处用比较级，good的比较级是better。 5．Which is the ________ (bad) clothes store in your town? worst 【详解】句意：在你的城镇里哪一家是最差的服装店？结合语境可知是在城镇所有服装店的范围内进行比较，比较对象超过三个，应该用形容词的最高级形式。“bad”的最高级是worst，且形容词最高级前通常要加定冠词the，但题目中已有“the”，故填worst。 6．The beef noodles in Lanzhou are the ________ (delicious) food I have ever tasted in Gansu. most delicious 【详解】句意：兰州的牛肉面是我在甘肃吃过的最美味的食物。空格前有“the”，后有“I have ever tasted”，表示“我吃过的最……”，应用形容词最高级。所给词“delicious”为多音节形容词，其最高级形式为most delicious。 7．It is certainly far ________ (silly) of parents to always shout at the young groups than to leave them alone, only to discourage them. sillier 【详解】句意：父母总是对年轻人大吼大叫，本来就比放任他们不管还要愚蠢得多，最终只会打击年轻人的自信心。句中出现比较级标志词than，且空格前的far可以修饰形容词比较级，表示“……得多”，因此需要填给出所给单词silly的比较级形式。silly是以“辅音字母+y”结尾的形容词，变比较级规则是改y为i加-er，故填sillier。 8．Please call me for _________ (far) information. My telephone number is 87893764. further 【详解】句意：如需更多信息，请给我打电话。我的电话号码是87893764。括号中的“far”需要变形来修饰后面的名词information，结合语境表示“更多的”含义，far的比较级形式为further，可表示“更多的、进一步的”。 9．Parents must be patient enough _________ (talk) with kids about their social media use. to talk 【详解】句意：父母必须有足够的耐心与孩子谈论他们的社交媒体使用情况。talk意为“谈话”，是动词。“be+adj.+ enough to do sth”为固定结构，表示“足够……去做某事”，后接动词不定式。故填to talk。 10．It is meaningful ________ you ________ (donate) your old books to the children in the mountain. for to donate 【详解】句意：把你的旧书捐给山里的孩子对你来说是有意义的。“donate”，“捐赠”，动词。根据语句“It is meaningful...you...your old books”可知，“It is adj. for sb. to do sth.”结构，It作形式主语，故第一空需用介词for引出动作的逻辑主语you；第二空需用动词不定式to donate作真正的主语。 三、语法选择 请通读下面短文，掌握其大意，根据语法和上下文连贯的要求，从每小题所给的三个选项中选出一个最佳答案，并将答题卡上对应题目所选的选项涂黑。 “Go, Jack, go!” We shouted. It was Sports Day at school, and the 100-metre race was 1 most exciting event of all! Our classmate Jack was running like the wind. He 2 in the school running team since last year. He always trains hard. As he raced closer to the finishing line, everyone started shouting louder. Then I noticed something 3 —many children had their hands over their mouths while they 4 . Why did they do that? I remembered 5 about sound. When we talk or shout, our voices make sound waves (波). These waves travel 6 the air. But when the sound goes in all directions (方向), it becomes weaker (较弱). And people far away might not hear us well. But when 7 put our hands over our mouths, the sound waves go in one direction. This helps our voices stay strong and go much 8 . That way, people far away can hear us better. Back at the race, something amazing happened. Jack ran even faster at the end and got to the finishing line 9 ! Our class won! Jack held the big trophy (奖杯) high. We all shouted and smiled. 10 we got tired from shouting, our hearts were full of joy! It was a day we will never forget! 1．A．the B．a C．an 2．A．is B．be C．has been 3．A．interest B．interested C．interesting 4．A．shouted B．are shouting C．were shouting 5．A．to learn B．learning C．learnt 6．A．through B．on C．under 7．A．we B．our C．us 8．A．far B．farther C．farthest 9．A．one B．first C．once 10．A．If B．When C．Although 1．A 2．C 3．C 4．C 5．B 6．A 7．A 8．B 9．B 10．C 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，记叙了校运会百米赛跑中，同学们通过用手拢音为同学加油，并运用声学知识解释这一现象，最终班级获胜的故事，体现了团结、智慧与喜悦交织的难忘校园时光。 1．句意：那是学校的运动会，100米赛跑是所有项目中最激动人心的！ the定冠词，用于最高级前；a不定冠词，用于辅音音素开头的单词；an不定冠词，用于元音音素开头的单词。根据“most exciting”可知，形容词最高级前需加定冠词“the”，故选A。 2．句意：他从去年起就加入了学校跑步队。 is一般现在时单数；be动词原形；has been现在完成时。根据“since last year”可知，这是现在完成时标志词，表动作从过去持续到现在，此处用现在完成时“has been”，故选C。 3．句意：然后我注意到一件有趣的事——很多孩子在大喊时双手捂着嘴。 interest兴趣，名词；interested感兴趣的，修饰人；interesting有趣的，修饰事物。根据“something”可知，此处指代物，需用“interesting”修饰，故选C。 4．句意：然后我注意到一件有趣的事——很多孩子在大喊时双手捂着嘴。 shouted一般过去时；are shouting现在进行时；were shouting过去进行时。根据“had their hands over their mouths”及“while”可知，此处用过去进行时“were shouting”，故选C。 5．句意：我记得学过关于声音的知识。 to learn不定式；learning动名词/现在分词；learnt过去式。根据“remembered”可知，“remember doing sth”是固定搭配，意为“记得做过某事”，表示动作已完成，“learning”符合语境，故选B。 6．句意：这些声波在空气中传播。 through穿过（内部）；on在……表面；under在……下方。根据“the air”可知，声波是在空气内部传播，“through”符合语境，故选A。 7．句意：但当我们双手捂嘴时，声波会朝一个方向传播。 we主格，作主语；our形容词性物主代词，修饰名词；us宾格，作宾语。根据“put our hands over our mouths”可知，此处缺主语，需用主格“we”，故选A。 8．句意：这有助于我们的声音保持响亮，传播得更远。 far原级；farther比较级；farthest最高级。根据“much”可知，此处用比较级“farther”，故选B。 9．句意：杰克最后跑得更快，第一个冲过了终点线！ one基数词，表数量；first序数词，表顺序；once副词，表次数。根据“got to the finishing line”可知，此处指“第一个”到达，需用序数词“first”，故选B。 10．句意：虽然我们喊得很累，但心里充满了喜悦！ If如果，引导条件状语从句；When当……时，引导时间状语从句；Although虽然，引导让步状语从句。根据“we got tired from shouting”和“our hearts were full of joy”可知，前后让步关系，尽管累但开心，用“Although”，故选C。 四、语法填空 One day at school, the teacher said we were going to make a booklet about our school. At first, I 1 (not be) really sure what a booklet was, but soon, a super fun adventure started. A booklet is like a little, thin book. It’s great for sharing stories, pictures, or useful information. Our job was 2 (make) it into a cool guide about our school. We got into small groups. When we started brainstorming, ideas just came out. Some kids 3 (want) to talk about how yummy the food in the cafeteria was, and others wanted to share about the pretty school garden. As we listened to each other, we learned to respect everyone’s ideas and improved 4 (us) by working together. Then, it was time to get creative. The kids who were good with words wrote interesting stories, and the artists drew 5 (amaze) pictures of the school. But we ran into some problems. Sometimes, we couldn’t find the right words or drawings. Instead of 6 (give) up, we asked our group members for help and solved the difficulties together. During this process, we learned a lot from each other. The writers gave us tips on how to make sentences 7 (interesting), and the artists taught us how to use colors better. We even learned some new English words. After weeks of hard work, our booklets were finally finished. They looked so colorful and creative! On the day we presented them, we 8 (proud) told everyone how we made the booklets, what problems we faced, and how much fun we had. Making the booklet taught me the 9 (important) of working together, sharing ideas, and learning from each other. With good communication and support from friends, we can do amazing things. I really hope we 10 (have) more projects like this to make our school life even more special. It’s a great way to learn, have fun, and make our school life even more unforgettable. 1．wasn’t 2．to make 3．wanted 4．ourselves 5．amazing 6．giving 7．more interesting 8．proudly 9．importance 10．will have 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲述了作者和同学们一起制作学校手册的经历，以及在这个过程中学到的团队合作和互相学习的重要性。 1．句意：一开始，我不太确定小册子是什么，但很快，一场超级有趣的冒险开始了。时态为一般过去时，主语I对应的 be 动词是was，否定形式为wasn’t。故填wasn’t。 2．句意：我们的任务是把它做成一本关于我们学校的酷炫指南。make“制作”，此处应用不定式作表语。故填to make。 3．句意：有些孩子想谈论食堂的食物有多美味，而另一些孩子想分享美丽的校园花园。时态为一般过去时，want的过去式为wanted，意为“想要”。故填wanted。 4．句意：当我们倾听彼此的想法时，我们学会了尊重每个人的观点，并通过合作提升了自己。improve oneself表示“提升自己”，主语是we，对应的反身代词是ourselves。故填ourselves。 5．句意：擅长文字的孩子写了有趣的故事，而画家们画了令人惊叹的校园画作。修饰名词pictures需用形容词，用amaze的形容词形式amazing，意为“令人惊叹的”。故填amazing。 6．句意：我们没有放弃，而是向组员求助，一起解决了困难。Instead of是介词短语，后接动词-ing形式，give的动名词为giving。故填giving。 7．句意：作家们给了我们如何让句子更有趣的建议，艺术家们教我们如何更好地使用颜色。根据“the artists taught us how to use colors better”可知，此处含有比较的含义，用比较级形式more interesting，意为“更有趣的”。故填more interesting。 8．句意：在展示它们的那天，我们自豪地告诉所有人我们是如何制作小册子的、遇到了什么问题，以及我们有多开心。修饰动词told需用副词，proud的副词形式为proudly，意为“自豪地”。故填proudly。 9．句意：制作这本小册子教会了我一起工作、分享想法和相互学习的重要性。“the importance of...”表示“……的重要性”。故填importance。 10．句意：我真的希望我们能有更多这样的项目，让我们的校园生活更特别。have“有”，此处表“未来的愿望”，用一般将来时，结构是“will + 动词原形”。故填will have。 19 / 21 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $