专题02 被动语态（暑假复习讲义）新九年级英语新教材译林版

专题02 被动语态 内容导航 01 复习目标→ 明考向、知权重、晓关联、以目标导学，以考向定标 02 知识重构 → 系统讲解核心知识，重构整合形成体系 脉络重构：快速扫描高频考点，定位薄区 典例破题：精选例题，呈现思路点拨+规范解答+方法提炼 巩固提升：趁热打铁练一练，强化巩固所学 03综合通关 → 综合演练，梯度设题；查漏补缺，闭环收官 1. 知识目标：掌握被动语态的基本构成及各时态的被动结构；理解主动语态与被动语态的用法差异，明确被动语态的适用场景。 2. 能力目标：熟练掌握动词过去分词的不规则变化；掌握主动句转被动句的基本步骤；能够灵活处理双宾语、复合宾语等特殊句式的被动转换。 3. 应试目标：可快速识别被动语态考点标志词，熟练完成单选、句型转换、动词填空和句子翻译等题型。 知识点 常考考点 命题风向 被动语态 1. 五大时态被动结构。 2. 主动变被动的转换规则。 3. 不能用被动语态的情况。 4. 被动语态的特殊用法。 1.不再单一考被动结构，而是与时态结合。 2.标志词越来越隐蔽，需通过主语与动词的逻辑关系自行判断语态。 3.使役动词还原 to,不及物动词无被动,主动形式表被动等特殊规则。 4.输出题型占比升：句型转换、句子翻译等输出类题型中被动语态出现频率上升。 考情解码：属于中考语法高频必考语法点，每套试卷必有考查，分值稳定 脉｜络｜重｜构 考｜点｜精｜讲 知识点 被动语态 【课标要求】① 理解并掌握被动语态的基本结构（be + 过去分词），能正确运用一般现在时、一般过去时和一般将来时的被动形式；② 理解被动语态的语用意义 —— 强调动作承受者、淡化执行者或突出客观事实，知道何时选用被动而非主动；③ 能在听、说、读、写活动中识别和使用被动语态，在描述事件、介绍事物、说明规则等真实语境中恰当表达 1． 被动语态的基本结构及定义 （1） 语态基础概念 语态是动词的一种形式，表示主语与谓语之间的关系。 英语包含两种语态：主动语态(active voice)、被动语态(passive voice)。 主动语态：主语是动作执行者；被动语态：主语是动作承受者。 （2） 被动语态4种使用场景 1. 动作执行者泛指、不言自明 English is spoken in many countries around the world. 世界上许多国家都说英语。 2. 不知道/不需要说明动作执行者 My wallet was stolen on the bus yesterday. 我的钱包昨天在公交车上被偷了。 3. 需要强调动作承受者 The ancient temple was damaged in the earthquake. 那座古庙在地震中受损。 4. 委婉表述，不提及执行者 Some mistakes were made during the project. 项目期间出现了一些差错。 （3） 基本结构 be + 及物动词过去分词 + (by sb/sth) 时态变化只改动be动词，过去分词固定不变。 2． 各时态被动语态结构汇总 时态 主动语态 被动语态(be+过去分词) 一般现在时 see/sees am/is/are + done 一般过去时 saw was/were + done 一般将来时 will/ am/is/are going to + see will/ am/is/are going to + be done 现在进行时 am/is/are seeing am/is/are + being done 过去进行时 was/were seeing was/were + being done 现在完成时 have/has seen have/has + been done 含情态动词 can/must/may see can/must/may + be done 1. 一般现在时被动 结构：am/is/are + 过去分词 句式变化： 肯定句：主语+am/is/are+过去分词+其他 否定句：主语+am/is/are+not+过去分词+其他 一般疑问句：Am/Is/Are+主语+过去分词+其他? 特殊疑问句： 对主语提问：特殊疑问词+is/are+过去分词+其他? 对非主语提问：特殊疑问词+is/are+主语+过去分词+其他? 例句：We clean the classroom every day. → The classroom is cleaned every day. 教室每天都被打扫。 —Is the classroom cleaned every day? —Yes, it is./No, it isn’t. What is cleaned every day? 2. 一般过去时被动 结构：was/were + 过去分词 句式变化： 肯定句：主语+was/were+过去分词+其他 否定句：主语+was/were+not+过去分词+其他 一般疑问句：Was/Were+主语+过去分词+其他? 特殊疑问句： 对主语提问：特殊疑问词+was/were+过去分词+其他? 对非主语提问：特殊疑问词+was/were+主语+过去分词+其他? 例句：We cleaned the classroom yesterday. → The classroom was cleaned yesterday. 昨天教室被我们打扫了。 This machine was made in France. This machine wasn’t made in France. —Was this machine made in France? —Yes, it was./No, it wasn’t. How was this machine invented? 3. 一般将来时被动 两种表达结构： （1）will 结构 肯定句：主语+will be+过去分词+其他 否定句：主语+won’t be+过去分词+其他 一般疑问句：Will+主语+be+过去分词+其他? 答句：Yes, 主语+will./No, 主语+won’t. 例句：We will clean the classroom soon. → The classroom will be cleaned soon. 教室很快要被打扫了。 It won’t be finished for a few weeks. Unfortunately! —Will the party be delayed? —Yes, it will./No, it won’t. （2）be going to 结构 肯定句：主语+am/is/are going to be+过去分词+其他 否定句：主语+am/is/are not going to be+过去分词+其他 一般疑问句：Is/Are+主语+going to be+过去分词+其他? 答句：Yes, 主语+is/are./No, 主语+isn’t/aren’t. 例句：A new bridge is going to be built here next year. A new bridge is not going to be built here next year. —Is a new bridge going to be built here next year? —Yes, it is./No, it isn’t. 补充：主语为第一人称时，可用shall be done We shall be invited to give a speech tomorrow. 4. 现在进行时被动 结构：am/is/are being + done 例句：We are cleaning the classroom now. → The classroom is being cleaned now. 教室现在正在被打扫。 5. 过去进行时被动 结构：was/were being + done 例句：We were cleaning the classroom this time yesterday. → The classroom was being cleaned this time yesterday. 昨天这个时候教室正在被打扫。 6. 现在完成时被动 结构：have/has been + done 例句：The classroom looks tidy. We have cleaned it. → The classroom looks tidy. It has been cleaned. 【典例破题】 The online course “AI for Everyone” ________ by millions of students around the world every month. A．takes B．is taken C．will be taken D．has taken 【命题解读】 B 【详解】句意：在线课程“人人可用的人工智能”每个月被全世界数百万名学生选修。 主语The online course是动作take的承受者，需用被动语态；时间状语“every month”表明时态为一般现在时。一般现在时被动语态结构为 am/is/are+过去分词。 【易错警示】 忽略 “by millions of students” 体现的被动语态，同时没抓住 “every month” 对应的一般现在时标志，误选主动形式或其他时态的选项 【巩固提升1】 The mobile phone ________ by Martin Cooper in 1973. A．invented B．is invented C．was invented D．will be invented 【巩固提升2】 The novel written by Mo Yan ________ into many languages since it was published. A．has translated B．is translated C．translates D．has been translated 【巩固提升3】 Since 3D printing ________ in the medical area, making a hearing aid has become faster. A．used B．will be used C．was used D．has used 3． 主动变被动三步法 主动句主语（人/物）+ 谓语（及物动词）+ 宾语（人/物）+ 其他 +状语 （动作的执行者）（各种时态形式） （动作的承受者） 被动句主语（人/物）+ 谓语（及物动词）+ by 人/物 + 其他 +状语 1. 原宾语变新主语 2. 谓语动词改为对应时态的被动形式(be done) 3. 原主语放by后作宾语，by短语可省略（若原宾语是代词宾格，作新主语时需改为代词主格(如him变He) 【典例破题】 People consider Spider-Man’s work hard. (改为被动语态) __________________________________________________ 【命题解读】 Spider-Man’s work is considered hard by people. 【详解】句意：人们认为蜘蛛侠的工作很辛苦。主动语态改为被动语态时，主动语态中的宾语是被动语态的主语，因此，被动语态的主语是“work”，是不可数名词，原句为一般现在时，一般现在时的被动语态的结构是：am/is/are+动词过去分词，主语是不可数名词，be动词用is，consider的过去分词是considered，by后接主动语态的主语people。句首单词的首字母要大写。 【易错警示】 易误将 Spider-Man 当作原句宾语作被动主语，同时容易遗漏宾补 hard、搞错一般现在时被动的主谓一致 【巩固提升1】 Tom broke the window yesterday. (将下列句子改为同义句) ________________________________________ 【巩固提升2】 The story forces the little boy to work hard. (主动变被动) __________________________________ 【巩固提升3】 The artist painted most of his landscapes after the age of 70.（改为被动语态） __________________________________________ 4． 特殊句式被动转换 1. 双宾语结构（主语+动词+间接宾语+直接宾语） 主动：She gave me a gift. 被动两种改法： ① 间接宾语作主语：I was given a gift by her. ② 直接宾语作主语：A gift was given to me by her. 注意：直接宾语作主语时，间接宾语前加介词to/for 2. 复合宾语（主语+动词+宾语+宾语补足语） 被动转换后，原宾语变主语，宾补变主补 例：All the villagers painted the houses white. → The houses were painted white by all the villagers. 3. 使役/感官动词还原to make/see/hear/watch/notice等词，主动句省略to；被动必须加to 例1：The boss makes the workers work sixteen hours every day. → The workers are made to work sixteen hours by the boss every day. 例2：We heard him say good-bye to his friends. → He was heard to say good-bye to his friends. 4. 带介词的不及物动词被动，介词不可丢 People often laugh at him. → He is often laughed at by people. 【典例破题】 —Where are the boys?   —Oh, they ________ basketball on the playground just now. A．were seen play B．were seen to play C．have seen to play D．have seen play 【命题解读】 B 【详解】句意：——男孩们在哪里？ ——哦，他们刚才在操场上被看到打篮球。 考查非谓语动词和一般过去时的被动语态。根据“just now”可知，该句是一般过去时，主语“they”是动作的承受者，因此需用被动语态“be+过去分词”，排除选项C、选项D；在主动语态中，see sb do sth“看见某人做某事”，但变为被动语态时，需用“sb is/was seen to do sth”，即“某人被看见做某事”，因此必须加“to”。故选B。 【易错警示】 易忽略 “男孩是被看到” 的被动逻辑错选主动形式的 C、D，且易忘记 see 的被动语态需还原主动句中省略的不定式 to，同时易混淆 just now 对应的一般过去时与现在完成时 【巩固提升1】 He sent me a nice postcard from Beijing. (改为被动语态，用直接宾语作主语) A nice postcard ________ ________ ________ me from Beijing by him. was sent to 【巩固提升2】 The audience watched the musician perform the song live. (改为被动句) The musician ________ ________ ________ perform the song live by the audience. was watched to 【巩固提升3】 The little boy was noticed ________ the calligraphy works on the wall carefully. A．look at B．to look at C．looking at D．looked at 5． 主动形式表被动含义 1. 表事物属性的动词（sell/write/wash/read/cook/open等），搭配well/easily The book sells well. My pen writes smoothly. This sweater washes well. 2. 系动词感官类（look/smell/taste/sound/feel） Good medicine tastes bitter. The flowers smell sweet. 3. be worth doing 值得做……（主动表被动） This book is worth reading. 4. need/want/require + doing（表“需要被……”）=need to be done This computer needed repairing.=The computer needs to be repaired. 【典例破题】 This kind of pen ________ smoothly and it ________ well. A．writes; sells B．is written; is sold C．writes; is sold D．is written; sells 【命题解读】 A 【详解】句意：这种钢笔写起来很流畅，而且很畅销。 writes写，一般现在时第三人称单数；is written被写，一般现在时被动语态； sells卖，一般现在时主动语态，第三人称单数；is sold被卖，一般现在时被动语态。在英语中，某些动词如write, sell, read等，用主动形式表示被动意义，描述主语的特征或性质。应填writes；sells。 【易错警示】 易受 “笔被写、被卖” 的中文思维影响错用被动语态，不了解 write、sell 这类词表示主语自身性能、销售状态时，要用主动形式表被动含义。 【巩固提升1】 Many of the stories in the Grade Nine book are worth ________ because they are educational in order to teach an important lesson. A．reading B．being read C．to read D．read 【巩固提升2】 The coat ________ easily because it is made of cotton. A．washes B．is washing C．is washed D．is to be washed 【巩固提升3】 The old storybook ________ easily, so it is popular among children in poor villages. A．is read B．reads C．was read D．read 6． 无被动语态的动词/短语 1. 表状态、关系的及物动词：have/hold/belong to/fit/cost等 例：The bus can hold 50 people.（不可改为50 people can be held） 2. 不及物动词/短语：happen/take place/appear/arrive/come true等 例：The car accident took place the day before yesterday. 【典例破题】 We all know the Anti-Japanese War ________ in 1937, and ______ for eight years. A．was broken out; was lasted B．was broken out; lasted C．broke out; was lasted D．broke out; lasted 【命题解读】 D 【详解】句意：我们都知道抗日战争于1937年爆发，并持续了八年。 考查动词的语态。was broken out表述错误；broke out爆发，不及物动词短语，无被动语态；was lasted表述错误；lasted持续，不及物动词短语，无被动语态。根据“in 1937”可知，该句为一般过去时，谓语用动词的过去式，且“break out”和“last”均为不及物动词短语，只能用主动语态，不能用被动语态。故选D。 【易错警示】 受中文思维影响误以为 “战争被爆发、被持续”，不知道 break out、last 这类不及物动词 / 短语没有被动语态，不能用 be + 过去分词的被动形式 【巩固提升1】 The Wuxi part of the Spring Festival Gala ________ to impress everyone deeply. A．turned out B．was turned out C．carried out D．was carried out 【巩固提升2】 The car needs checking. The accidents will _______ if it _______ as soon as possible. A．be happened; isn’t checked B．happen; won’t be checked C．be happened; doesn’t check D．happen; isn’t checked 【巩固提升3】 Pizhou used to be a small city but great changes __________ in it in the past ten years. A．have been taken place B．took place C．have taken place D．were taken place 7． 被动语态知识拓展 （1） get+过去分词 多用于口语，侧重动作结果，一般不加by执行者 The boy got hurt when he was riding to school. Finally his bike got repaired. （2） 被动语态常用介词区分 1. by：动作执行者 The children were driven indoors by the rain. 2. with：使用工具 The wolf was killed with a gun. 3. from：看不出原材料（化学变化） Good wine is made from grain. 4. of：看得出原材料（物理变化） The table is made of wood. 5. 其他固定搭配介词 You are wanted on the phone. He is known to everybody. She was caught in the rain. 【注意】：by不总是表执行者，可表方式/原因/地点 A policeman is known by the clothes he wears.（by表方式） He was much flattered by her asking him to dinner.（by表原因） The snow was piled high by the gate.（by表地点） 【典例破题】 This pair of shoes ________ silk, and it ________ very comfortable. A．is made of; is felt B．are made from; is felt C．is made into; feels D．is made of; feels 【命题解读】 D 【详解】句意：这双鞋是由丝绸制成的，并且它摸起来非常舒适。 is made of表示“由……制成（能看出原材料）”，are made from表示“由……制成（看不出原材料）”，is made into表示“被制成……”。句中鞋子由丝绸制成，能看出原材料，主语“This pair of shoes”为单数，be动词用is。feel为感官动词，无被动语态，用主动形式表示被动含义，因此用feels。 【易错警示】 易误按 shoes 判断主谓一致错用复数谓语、混淆 be made of/from/into 的含义，且易忘记 feel 作感官系动词表 “摸起来” 时无被动语态，错用被动形式 is felt。 【巩固提升1】 The models ________ several similar parts. A．are made of B．made of C．are made up of D．made up of 【巩固提升2】 That pretty scarf _________ silk _________ China. It feels comfortable as well. A．made of; made in B．is made from, is made of C．made from; made of D．made of; is made in 【巩固提升3】 This pair of red shoes ______ leather. May I ______? A．are made of; try them on B．is made of; try it on C．are made of; try it on D．is made of; try them on 一、单项选择 1. A lot of money________ at the charity show, but the cost of living ________ a lot, so we still need to do much work to help the disabled people. A．was raised; has risen B．was raised; is risen C．rose; has risen D．rose; were raised 2. The old cinema in our town ________ into a new library last month. Now we can read books there. A．is turned B．was turned C．turns D．turned 3. The sign says “No smoking”. Smoking ________ here. A．isn’t allowed B．doesn’t allow C．won’t allow D．not allowed 4. The charity walk ________ every year to raise money for children in need. A．holds B．held C．is held D．was held 5. More and more trees ________ in our city every year to make the environment better. A．plant B．planted C．are planted D．were planted 6. If we keep reading, the way we see the world ________ by the books we read. A．shapes B．is shaped C．will shape D．will be shaped 7. — Have you heard of the 2026 Humanoid Robot Half Marathon (马拉松)？ — Yes. It ________ in Beijing on April 19th, 2026 and attracted lots of visitors. A．held B．is held C．was held D．has been held 8. — When shall we go to watch the basketball match in the sports centre? — ________ the work ________ tomorrow. A．Until; will be finished B．Until; is finished C．Not until; will finish D．Not until; is finished 9. —Would you spare some time for the charity show? —It will be my great honour if I ________. A．is invited B．invited C．am invited D．invites 10. The chemicals that make swimming pool water safe can have side effects (副作用). They need ________ at least once a week. A．check B．checked C．checking D．to check 二、用所给单词的适当形式填空 1．The shop ________ (close) for three days till now. Maybe the shop owner is busy with what needs to ________ (solve) immediately. 2．I believe that an important moment like this should ________ (not forget). 3．The model plane is ________ (make) of wood. 4．He was made _______ (clean) the pictures he had drawn on the wall. 5．As a result, many young people were often seen ________ (hit) the books day and night. 6．The charity show ________ (hold) in the school hall last Friday. 7．Emperors made it a rule that any gifted person needed ________ (test) for a chance to contribute to the nation. 8．Books written by Louise Glück ________ (sell) well because she is the winner of Nobel Prize in Literature. 9．Exams in China ________ (create) more than four thousand years ago. 10．If all the clues are not well ________ (control), detectives may lose the right direction. 三、语法选择 阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 Our School’s Environmental Project Last month, our school 1 an environmental protection project. The teacher asked us to collect plastic bottles in our neighborhood. So far, we 2 over 500 bottles. I 3 this project very interesting. On the first day, I 4 only 10 bottles. I felt a little sad. But my deskmate Lily encouraged me. She said that every small action matters. Since then, I 5 out to collect bottles every weekend. Last Saturday, I 6 an old man in the park. He saw me collecting bottles and 7 me a big smile. He told me that he 8 collecting waste things for ten years. He said it was a good way to protect the environment. From this project, I 9 a lot. I know that protecting the environment is not a one-time thing. We should keep doing it. Our teacher says we 10 the bottles to a recycling center next week. I hope more people can join us. 1．A．starts B．started C．has started D．will start 2．A．collect B．collected C．have collected D．will collect 3．A．find B．found C．have found D．will find 4．A．collect B．collected C．have collected D．will collect 5．A．go B．went C．have gone D．will go 6．A．meet B．met C．have met D．will meet 7．A．gives B．gave C．has given D．will give 8．A．keeps B．kept C．had kept D．will keep 9．A．learn B．learned C．have learned D．will learn 10．A．take B．took C．have taken D．will take 四、语法填空 It was 8 o’clock on the recycling day. Jenna and her father 1 (collect) recyclable things. Her father advised her 2 (put) the empty box and the old magazines in the recycling bag. “Dad, do you know that we can reuse most of these things, 3 (include) magazines?” asked Jenna. “How so?” her father questioned. “Well, we can donate the old magazines to the library. And this empty paper box can 4 (use) for art projects,” she replied. “I understand your new thinking, Jenna,” said her dad. “But I want you to put them in this recycling bag with all the other paper things 5 that’s the way we have always done it.” “Dad! At the recycling center, they taught us to reuse,” Jenna explained as she tied the magazines together with a string (绳子). “I don’t like 6 idea of giving away our old magazines to other people,” said her dad. “But when we reuse, we also reduce waste!” said Jenna. “And when we reduce, the recycling center 7 (not get) too full of material. If every family reduces waste, we can make a big 8 (different).” “Oh, alright then,” her dad accepted 9 a smile. “Put the magazines by the front door. We can drop them off at the library on the way to the recycling center.” “Great!” Jenna 10 (cheer). “Let’s see what else we can find to reuse.” 试卷第1页，共3页 试卷第1页，共3页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 19 / 21 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题02 被动语态 内容导航 01 复习目标→ 明考向、知权重、晓关联、以目标导学，以考向定标 02 知识重构 → 系统讲解核心知识，重构整合形成体系 脉络重构：快速扫描高频考点，定位薄区 典例破题：精选例题，呈现思路点拨+规范解答+方法提炼 巩固提升：趁热打铁练一练，强化巩固所学 03综合通关 → 综合演练，梯度设题；查漏补缺，闭环收官 1. 知识目标：掌握被动语态的基本构成及各时态的被动结构；理解主动语态与被动语态的用法差异，明确被动语态的适用场景。 2. 能力目标：熟练掌握动词过去分词的不规则变化；掌握主动句转被动句的基本步骤；能够灵活处理双宾语、复合宾语等特殊句式的被动转换。 3. 应试目标：可快速识别被动语态考点标志词，熟练完成单选、句型转换、动词填空和句子翻译等题型。 知识点 常考考点 命题风向 被动语态 1. 五大时态被动结构。 2. 主动变被动的转换规则。 3. 不能用被动语态的情况。 4. 被动语态的特殊用法。 1.不再单一考被动结构，而是与时态结合。 2.标志词越来越隐蔽，需通过主语与动词的逻辑关系自行判断语态。 3.使役动词还原 to,不及物动词无被动,主动形式表被动等特殊规则。 4.输出题型占比升：句型转换、句子翻译等输出类题型中被动语态出现频率上升。 考情解码：属于中考语法高频必考语法点，每套试卷必有考查，分值稳定 脉｜络｜重｜构 考｜点｜精｜讲 知识点 被动语态 【课标要求】① 理解并掌握被动语态的基本结构（be + 过去分词），能正确运用一般现在时、一般过去时和一般将来时的被动形式；② 理解被动语态的语用意义 —— 强调动作承受者、淡化执行者或突出客观事实，知道何时选用被动而非主动；③ 能在听、说、读、写活动中识别和使用被动语态，在描述事件、介绍事物、说明规则等真实语境中恰当表达 1． 被动语态的基本结构及定义 （1） 语态基础概念 语态是动词的一种形式，表示主语与谓语之间的关系。 英语包含两种语态：主动语态(active voice)、被动语态(passive voice)。 主动语态：主语是动作执行者；被动语态：主语是动作承受者。 （2） 被动语态4种使用场景 1. 动作执行者泛指、不言自明 English is spoken in many countries around the world. 世界上许多国家都说英语。 2. 不知道/不需要说明动作执行者 My wallet was stolen on the bus yesterday. 我的钱包昨天在公交车上被偷了。 3. 需要强调动作承受者 The ancient temple was damaged in the earthquake. 那座古庙在地震中受损。 4. 委婉表述，不提及执行者 Some mistakes were made during the project. 项目期间出现了一些差错。 （3） 基本结构 be + 及物动词过去分词 + (by sb/sth) 时态变化只改动be动词，过去分词固定不变。 2． 各时态被动语态结构汇总 时态 主动语态 被动语态(be+过去分词) 一般现在时 see/sees am/is/are + done 一般过去时 saw was/were + done 一般将来时 will/ am/is/are going to + see will/ am/is/are going to + be done 现在进行时 am/is/are seeing am/is/are + being done 过去进行时 was/were seeing was/were + being done 现在完成时 have/has seen have/has + been done 含情态动词 can/must/may see can/must/may + be done 1. 一般现在时被动 结构：am/is/are + 过去分词 句式变化： 肯定句：主语+am/is/are+过去分词+其他 否定句：主语+am/is/are+not+过去分词+其他 一般疑问句：Am/Is/Are+主语+过去分词+其他? 特殊疑问句： 对主语提问：特殊疑问词+is/are+过去分词+其他? 对非主语提问：特殊疑问词+is/are+主语+过去分词+其他? 例句：We clean the classroom every day. → The classroom is cleaned every day. 教室每天都被打扫。 —Is the classroom cleaned every day? —Yes, it is./No, it isn’t. What is cleaned every day? 2. 一般过去时被动 结构：was/were + 过去分词 句式变化： 肯定句：主语+was/were+过去分词+其他 否定句：主语+was/were+not+过去分词+其他 一般疑问句：Was/Were+主语+过去分词+其他? 特殊疑问句： 对主语提问：特殊疑问词+was/were+过去分词+其他? 对非主语提问：特殊疑问词+was/were+主语+过去分词+其他? 例句：We cleaned the classroom yesterday. → The classroom was cleaned yesterday. 昨天教室被我们打扫了。 This machine was made in France. This machine wasn’t made in France. —Was this machine made in France? —Yes, it was./No, it wasn’t. How was this machine invented? 3. 一般将来时被动 两种表达结构： （1）will 结构 肯定句：主语+will be+过去分词+其他 否定句：主语+won’t be+过去分词+其他 一般疑问句：Will+主语+be+过去分词+其他? 答句：Yes, 主语+will./No, 主语+won’t. 例句：We will clean the classroom soon. → The classroom will be cleaned soon. 教室很快要被打扫了。 It won’t be finished for a few weeks. Unfortunately! —Will the party be delayed? —Yes, it will./No, it won’t. （2）be going to 结构 肯定句：主语+am/is/are going to be+过去分词+其他 否定句：主语+am/is/are not going to be+过去分词+其他 一般疑问句：Is/Are+主语+going to be+过去分词+其他? 答句：Yes, 主语+is/are./No, 主语+isn’t/aren’t. 例句：A new bridge is going to be built here next year. A new bridge is not going to be built here next year. —Is a new bridge going to be built here next year? —Yes, it is./No, it isn’t. 补充：主语为第一人称时，可用shall be done We shall be invited to give a speech tomorrow. 4. 现在进行时被动 结构：am/is/are being + done 例句：We are cleaning the classroom now. → The classroom is being cleaned now. 教室现在正在被打扫。 5. 过去进行时被动 结构：was/were being + done 例句：We were cleaning the classroom this time yesterday. → The classroom was being cleaned this time yesterday. 昨天这个时候教室正在被打扫。 6. 现在完成时被动 结构：have/has been + done 例句：The classroom looks tidy. We have cleaned it. → The classroom looks tidy. It has been cleaned. 【典例破题】 The online course “AI for Everyone” ________ by millions of students around the world every month. A．takes B．is taken C．will be taken D．has taken 【命题解读】 B 【详解】句意：在线课程“人人可用的人工智能”每个月被全世界数百万名学生选修。 主语The online course是动作take的承受者，需用被动语态；时间状语“every month”表明时态为一般现在时。一般现在时被动语态结构为 am/is/are+过去分词。 【易错警示】 忽略 “by millions of students” 体现的被动语态，同时没抓住 “every month” 对应的一般现在时标志，误选主动形式或其他时态的选项 【巩固提升1】 The mobile phone ________ by Martin Cooper in 1973. A．invented B．is invented C．was invented D．will be invented C 【详解】句意：移动电话是马丁·库珀在1973年被发明的。 主语“The mobile phone”与“invent”之间为被动关系，所以用被动语态be done，根据时间状语“in 1973”可知，应用一般过去时的被动语态was invented。 【巩固提升2】 The novel written by Mo Yan ________ into many languages since it was published. A．has translated B．is translated C．translates D．has been translated D 【详解】句意：莫言写的这部小说自从出版以来已经被翻译成许多语言。 has translated已经翻译了（主动语态）；is translated被翻译（一般现在时被动语态）；translates翻译（主动语态，一般现在时）；has been translated已经被翻译了（现在完成时被动语态）。根据主语“The novel”与动词“translate”之间是被动关系，需用被动语态；结合时间状语“since it was published”可知，时态应用现在完成时；现在完成时的被动语态构成为“have/has been+过去分词”，主语为单数，助动词用has，应填has been translated。 【巩固提升3】 Since 3D printing ________ in the medical area, making a hearing aid has become faster. A．used B．will be used C．was used D．has used C 【详解】句意：自从3D打印在医疗领域被使用以来，制造助听器变得更快了。 根据题干主语“3D printing”与use之间是被动关系，且“since”引导时间状语从句，主句是现在完成时，从句应用一般过去时，表示过去的动作，空格应用一般过去时的被动语态，应填was used。 3． 主动变被动三步法 主动句主语（人/物）+ 谓语（及物动词）+ 宾语（人/物）+ 其他 +状语 （动作的执行者）（各种时态形式） （动作的承受者） 主语（人/物）+ 谓语（及物动词）+ by 人/物 + 其他 +状语 被动句 1. 原宾语变新主语 2. 谓语动词改为对应时态的被动形式(be done) 3. 原主语放by后作宾语，by短语可省略（若原宾语是代词宾格，作新主语时需改为代词主格(如him变He) 【典例破题】 People consider Spider-Man’s work hard. (改为被动语态) __________________________________________________ 【命题解读】 Spider-Man’s work is considered hard by people. 【详解】句意：人们认为蜘蛛侠的工作很辛苦。主动语态改为被动语态时，主动语态中的宾语是被动语态的主语，因此，被动语态的主语是“work”，是不可数名词，原句为一般现在时，一般现在时的被动语态的结构是：am/is/are+动词过去分词，主语是不可数名词，be动词用is，consider的过去分词是considered，by后接主动语态的主语people。句首单词的首字母要大写。 【易错警示】 易误将 Spider-Man 当作原句宾语作被动主语，同时容易遗漏宾补 hard、搞错一般现在时被动的主谓一致 【巩固提升1】 Tom broke the window yesterday. (将下列句子改为同义句) ________________________________________ The window was broken by Tom yesterday. 【详解】句意：汤姆昨天打碎了这扇窗户。改为同义句通常使用被动语态，强调动作的承受者。原句宾语the window变为新句的主语。谓语动词变为be + 过去分词结构。因时态是一般过去时且新主语是单数，be动词用was，break的过去分词是broken。原句主语Tom变为by Tom放在动词后。时间状语yesterday保持不变，置于句末。故填The window was broken by Tom yesterday. 【巩固提升2】 The story forces the little boy to work hard. (主动变被动) __________________________________ The little boy is forced to work hard by the story. 【详解】句意：这个故事迫使小男孩努力奋斗。改为被动语态，原句中的宾语the little boy需变为被动句的主语；原句是一般现在时，被动语态结构为“am/is/are+过去分词”，主语是第三人称单数，be用is，因此谓语用is forced；原句的主语The story变成介词by的宾语，表动作的执行者，放在句末；原句的宾语补足语to work hard保留不变。 【巩固提升3】 The artist painted most of his landscapes after the age of 70.（改为被动语态） __________________________________________ Most of his landscapes were painted by the artist after the age of 70. 【详解】句意：这位艺术家在70 岁之后创作了他的大部分风景画。原句是一般过去时（painted），被动语态也需用一般过去时，结构为was/were +过去分词；主动句的宾语 most of his landscapes变为被动句的主语；主动句的主语the artist 变为by引出的动作执行者；主语most of his landscapes是复数，be动词用were；paint的过去分词是painted。最终句子为Most of his landscapes were painted by the artist after the age of 70. 4． 特殊句式被动转换 1. 双宾语结构（主语+动词+间接宾语+直接宾语） 主动：She gave me a gift. 被动两种改法： ① 间接宾语作主语：I was given a gift by her. ② 直接宾语作主语：A gift was given to me by her. 注意：直接宾语作主语时，间接宾语前加介词to/for 2. 复合宾语（主语+动词+宾语+宾语补足语） 被动转换后，原宾语变主语，宾补变主补 例：All the villagers painted the houses white. → The houses were painted white by all the villagers. 3. 使役/感官动词还原to make/see/hear/watch/notice等词，主动句省略to；被动必须加to 例1：The boss makes the workers work sixteen hours every day. → The workers are made to work sixteen hours by the boss every day. 例2：We heard him say good-bye to his friends. → He was heard to say good-bye to his friends. 4. 带介词的不及物动词被动，介词不可丢 People often laugh at him. → He is often laughed at by people. 【典例破题】 —Where are the boys?   —Oh, they ________ basketball on the playground just now. A．were seen play B．were seen to play C．have seen to play D．have seen play 【命题解读】 B 【详解】句意：——男孩们在哪里？ ——哦，他们刚才在操场上被看到打篮球。 考查非谓语动词和一般过去时的被动语态。根据“just now”可知，该句是一般过去时，主语“they”是动作的承受者，因此需用被动语态“be+过去分词”，排除选项C、选项D；在主动语态中，see sb do sth“看见某人做某事”，但变为被动语态时，需用“sb is/was seen to do sth”，即“某人被看见做某事”，因此必须加“to”。故选B。 【易错警示】 易忽略 “男孩是被看到” 的被动逻辑错选主动形式的 C、D，且易忘记 see 的被动语态需还原主动句中省略的不定式 to，同时易混淆 just now 对应的一般过去时与现在完成时 【巩固提升1】 He sent me a nice postcard from Beijing. (改为被动语态，用直接宾语作主语) A nice postcard ________ ________ ________ me from Beijing by him. was sent to 【详解】句意：他从北京给我寄了一张漂亮的明信片。句子为一般过去时，改为被动语态且用直接宾语作主语时，主语是A nice postcard（单数），被动语态结构为“be动词+过去分词+to sb.”，be动词用was，动词send的过去分词是sent。 【巩固提升2】 The audience watched the musician perform the song live. (改为被动句) The musician ________ ________ ________ perform the song live by the audience. was watched to 【详解】句意：观众观看了这位音乐家现场演唱这首歌。句子为一般过去时，改为被动句时，原句的宾语the musician作主语，原句的谓语动词watched变为被动形式was watched，且在主动结构watch sb. do sth.变为被动结构时，需要补充不定式符号to。故填was；watched；to。 【巩固提升3】 The little boy was noticed ________ the calligraphy works on the wall carefully. A．look at B．to look at C．looking at D．looked at B 【详解】句意：有人注意到这个小男孩仔细看墙上的书法作品。 感官动词notice（注意到）在主动语态中，后接省略to的不定式作宾语补足语，结构为notice sb do sth.，当句子变为被动语态时，需要还原省略的不定式符号to，结构为sb be noticed to do sth.。 5． 主动形式表被动含义 1. 表事物属性的动词（sell/write/wash/read/cook/open等），搭配well/easily The book sells well. My pen writes smoothly. This sweater washes well. 2. 系动词感官类（look/smell/taste/sound/feel） Good medicine tastes bitter. The flowers smell sweet. 3. be worth doing 值得做……（主动表被动） This book is worth reading. 4. need/want/require + doing（表“需要被……”）=need to be done This computer needed repairing. =The computer needs to be repaired. 【典例破题】 This kind of pen ________ smoothly and it ________ well. A．writes; sells B．is written; is sold C．writes; is sold D．is written; sells 【命题解读】 A 【详解】句意：这种钢笔写起来很流畅，而且很畅销。 writes写，一般现在时第三人称单数；is written被写，一般现在时被动语态； sells卖，一般现在时主动语态，第三人称单数；is sold被卖，一般现在时被动语态。在英语中，某些动词如write, sell, read等，用主动形式表示被动意义，描述主语的特征或性质。应填writes；sells。 【易错警示】 易受 “笔被写、被卖” 的中文思维影响错用被动语态，不了解 write、sell 这类词表示主语自身性能、销售状态时，要用主动形式表被动含义。 【巩固提升1】 Many of the stories in the Grade Nine book are worth ________ because they are educational in order to teach an important lesson. A．reading B．being read C．to read D．read A 【详解】句意：在这本九年级课本中，许多故事都值得阅读，因为它们具有教育意义，旨在教授重要的道理。 reading阅读，动名词形式；being read正在被阅读，动名词被动形式；to read阅读，动词不定式。“sth be worth doing”为固定结构，表示“某事值得做”，而且此处用主动形式表被动含义，“worth”后需用动名词形式“reading”。 【巩固提升2】 The coat ________ easily because it is made of cotton. A．washes B．is washing C．is washed D．is to be washed A 【详解】句意：这件外套很容易洗，因为它是棉质的。 wash、sell、write等动词在描述事物本身的固有属性、性能特点时，要用主动形式表达被动含义。根据“because it is made of cotton”可知是一般现在时，主语The coat是第三人称单数，此处表示外套“好洗”的特性，故用主动形式，应填washes。 【巩固提升3】 The old storybook ________ easily, so it is popular among children in poor villages. A．is read B．reads C．was read D．read B 【详解】句意：这本旧故事书读起来很容易，所以它在贫困村的孩子们中很受欢迎。 某些动词（如read，sell，wash等）与副词连用时，常用主动形式表示被动含义，描述主语的性质。根据后半句“is popular”可知时态为一般现在时，主语“The old storybook”是第三人称单数，谓语动词需用单三形式。 6． 无被动语态的动词/短语 1. 表状态、关系的及物动词：have/hold/belong to/fit/cost等 例：The bus can hold 50 people.（不可改为50 people can be held） 2. 不及物动词/短语：happen/take place/appear/arrive/come true等 例：The car accident took place the day before yesterday. 【典例破题】 We all know the Anti-Japanese War ________ in 1937, and ______ for eight years. A．was broken out; was lasted B．was broken out; lasted C．broke out; was lasted D．broke out; lasted 【命题解读】 D 【详解】句意：我们都知道抗日战争于1937年爆发，并持续了八年。 考查动词的语态。was broken out表述错误；broke out爆发，不及物动词短语，无被动语态；was lasted表述错误；lasted持续，不及物动词短语，无被动语态。根据“in 1937”可知，该句为一般过去时，谓语用动词的过去式，且“break out”和“last”均为不及物动词短语，只能用主动语态，不能用被动语态。故选D。 【易错警示】 受中文思维影响误以为 “战争被爆发、被持续”，不知道 break out、last 这类不及物动词 / 短语没有被动语态，不能用 be + 过去分词的被动形式 【巩固提升1】 The Wuxi part of the Spring Festival Gala ________ to impress everyone deeply. A．turned out B．was turned out C．carried out D．was carried out A 【详解】句意：春节联欢晚会的无锡分会场给大家留下了深刻的印象。 考查动词短语。turned out结果是；was turned out被逐出，被动语态；carried out执行；was carried out被执行，被动语态。根据“to impress everyone deeply”可知，结果是给大家留下了深刻的印象，时态为一般过去时。turn out表示“结果是”时无被动语态。故选A。 【巩固提升2】 The car needs checking. The accidents will _______ if it _______ as soon as possible. A．be happened; isn’t checked B．happen; won’t be checked C．be happened; doesn’t check D．happen; isn’t checked D 【详解】句意：这辆车需要检查。如果不尽快检查，事故就会发生。 考查时态与语态。第一空，happen为不及物动词，无被动，所以排除A和C选项。根据“if’可知，此处为if引导的条件状语从句，遵循“主将从现”的原则，即主句用一般将来时，从句用一般现在时，所以B选项错误，故选D。 【巩固提升3】 Pizhou used to be a small city but great changes __________ in it in the past ten years. A．have been taken place B．took place C．have taken place D．were taken place C 【详解】句意：邳州过去是一个小城市，但在过去十年里发生了巨大的变化。 考查动词时态。take place发生； took place过去式；have taken place现在完成时。根据“in the past ten years.”可知需要用现在完成时，且主语是great changes，短语“发生”无被动语态，可排除AD选项。故选C。 7． 被动语态知识拓展 （1） get+过去分词 多用于口语，侧重动作结果，一般不加by执行者 The boy got hurt when he was riding to school. Finally his bike got repaired. （2） 被动语态常用介词区分 1. by：动作执行者 The children were driven indoors by the rain. 2. with：使用工具 The wolf was killed with a gun. 3. from：看不出原材料（化学变化） Good wine is made from grain. 4. of：看得出原材料（物理变化） The table is made of wood. 5. 其他固定搭配介词 You are wanted on the phone. He is known to everybody. She was caught in the rain. 【注意】：by不总是表执行者，可表方式/原因/地点 A policeman is known by the clothes he wears.（by表方式） He was much flattered by her asking him to dinner.（by表原因） The snow was piled high by the gate.（by表地点） 【典例破题】 This pair of shoes ________ silk, and it ________ very comfortable. A．is made of; is felt B．are made from; is felt C．is made into; feels D．is made of; feels 【命题解读】 D 【详解】句意：这双鞋是由丝绸制成的，并且它摸起来非常舒适。 is made of表示“由……制成（能看出原材料）”，are made from表示“由……制成（看不出原材料）”，is made into表示“被制成……”。句中鞋子由丝绸制成，能看出原材料，主语“This pair of shoes”为单数，be动词用is。feel为感官动词，无被动语态，用主动形式表示被动含义，因此用feels。 【易错警示】 易误按 shoes 判断主谓一致错用复数谓语、混淆 be made of/from/into 的含义，且易忘记 feel 作感官系动词表 “摸起来” 时无被动语态，错用被动形式 is felt。 【巩固提升1】 The models ________ several similar parts. A．are made of B．made of C．are made up of D．made up of C 【详解】句意：这些模型由几个相似的部分组成。 are made of由……制成 (能看出原材料)；made of由……制成 (能看出原材料)，过去分词短语；are made up of由……组成；made up of由……组成，过去分词短语。根据语境可知，模型是由几个相似的部分组成的，应用be made up of，句子是一般现在时，主语是复数，be动词用are。 【巩固提升2】 That pretty scarf _________ silk _________ China. It feels comfortable as well. A．made of; made in B．is made from, is made of C．made from; made of D．made of; is made in D 【详解】句意：那条漂亮的围巾是由丝绸制成的，产于中国。它摸起来也很舒服。 be made of由……制成（能看出原材料）；be made from由……制成（看不出原材料）；made in在……制造，表示产地。根据语境，第一空表示围巾是由丝绸制成的，能看出原材料，且句子已有谓语动词，所以此处应用过去分词“made of”作后置定语修饰“scarf”；第二空表示围巾产于中国，应用“is made in”。 【巩固提升3】 This pair of red shoes ______ leather. May I ______? A．are made of; try them on B．is made of; try it on C．are made of; try it on D．is made of; try them on D 【详解】句意：这双红色的鞋子是皮革制成的。我可以试穿一下吗？ 考查主谓一致和动词短语辨析。are made of由……制成（一般可以看出原材料），主语是复数形式；is made of由……制成（一般可以看出原材料），主语是单数形式；try it on试穿它；try them on试穿它们。第一个空，主语“This pair of red shoes”的中心词是pair，是单数形式，因此be动词用is；第二个空，由前面的“shoes”可知，是复数形式，因此用代词them来替代，try them on“试穿它们”。故选D。 一、单项选择 1. A lot of money________ at the charity show, but the cost of living ________ a lot, so we still need to do much work to help the disabled people. A．was raised; has risen B．was raised; is risen C．rose; has risen D．rose; were raised A 【详解】句意：在慈善展演中许多钱被募捐起来，但生活的花费已经增长了很多，因此我们仍然需要做大量的工作来帮助残疾人。 考查动词词义以及时态和语态。raise筹集，及物动词；rise上涨，不及物动词。第一空“被募捐起来”应用被动语态be raised，排除C和D选项。第二空生活的花费已经上涨应用不及物动词rise，不及物动词无被动语态，排除B选项，故选A。 2. The old cinema in our town ________ into a new library last month. Now we can read books there. A．is turned B．was turned C．turns D．turned B 【详解】句意：我们镇上的旧电影院上个月被改成了一座新图书馆。现在我们可以在那里读书了。 根据时间状语“last month”可知句子时态为一般过去时，排除表示现在时的 A、C 选项；主语“The old cinema”与动词“turn”之间是被动关系，应用被动语态（be + 过去分词），排除主动语态的D选项。一般过去时的被动语态结构为“was/were + 过去分词”。应填was turned。 3. The sign says “No smoking”. Smoking ________ here. A．isn’t allowed B．doesn’t allow C．won’t allow D．not allowed A 【详解】句意：标志上写着“禁止吸烟”。这里不允许吸烟。 主语“Smoking”与动词“allow”之间是被动关系，需用被动语态be done结构；“The sign says”提示句子为一般现在时，空处应填isn’t allowed。 4. The charity walk ________ every year to raise money for children in need. A．holds B．held C．is held D．was held C 【详解】句意：慈善步行活动每年被举办来为有需要的儿童筹款。 hold意为“举办”，和主语之间具有被动关系，结合时间状语every year可知，句子是一般现在时的被动语态，其结构是“am/is/are+动词的过去分词”，且主语The charity walk是第三人称单数，be动词用is，hold的过去分词是held。 5. More and more trees ________ in our city every year to make the environment better. A．plant B．planted C．are planted D．were planted C 【详解】句意：为了使环境更好，每年越来越多的树被种植在我们的城市。 主语trees与动词plant之间是被动关系，需用被动语态，其构成为“be+done”；时间状语every year表明时态为一般现在时；主语trees是复数，be动词用are，应选C。 6. If we keep reading, the way we see the world ________ by the books we read. A．shapes B．is shaped C．will shape D．will be shaped D 【详解】句意：如果我们坚持阅读，我们看待世界的方式将被我们所读的书籍塑造。    主语“the way”与动词“shape”之间为被动关系，且“If we keep reading”表示条件，主句用一般将来时，故填will be shaped。 7. — Have you heard of the 2026 Humanoid Robot Half Marathon (马拉松)？ — Yes. It ________ in Beijing on April 19th, 2026 and attracted lots of visitors. A．held B．is held C．was held D．has been held C 【详解】句意：——你听说过 2026 年人形机器人半程马拉松吗？——是的。它于2026年4月19日在北京举行，吸引了许多游客。 根据时间状语“on April 19th, 2026”及并列谓语“attracted”可知动作发生在过去，应用一般过去时；主语“It”指代马拉松，与动词hold 之间是被动关系，此处用一般过去时的被动语态was held。 8. — When shall we go to watch the basketball match in the sports centre? — ________ the work ________ tomorrow. A．Until; will be finished B．Until; is finished C．Not until; will finish D．Not until; is finished D 【详解】句意：——我们什么时候去体育中心看篮球比赛？——直到明天工作完成才去。 Not until表示“直到……才……”，Until表示“直到……为止”，根据语境可知工作完成后才去，应用Not until；时间状语从句中用一般现在时表将来，且work与finish之间是被动关系，需用被动语态is finished。 9. —Would you spare some time for the charity show? —It will be my great honour if I ________. A．is invited B．invited C．am invited D．invites C 【详解】句意：——你能为慈善演出抽出些时间吗？——如果我被邀请，那是我的荣幸。 根据答语“It’s my great honour if I...”可知，主语I与动词invite之间是被动关系，表示“我被邀请”，应用被动语态be done结构。主语是I，be动词应用am，is用于第三人称单数，invites是主动语态形式。故选C。 10. The chemicals that make swimming pool water safe can have side effects (副作用). They need ________ at least once a week. A．check B．checked C．checking D．to check C 【详解】句意：使游泳池水安全的化学物质会有副作用。它们需要每周至少检查一次。 考查非谓语动词。need作为实义动词时，need to do sth.“需要做某事”，表主动，主语通常是人，need doing sth“需要被做某事”，表被动，主语通常是物，物+need+doing =物+need+to be done。根据“The chemicals that make swimming pool water safe can have side effects (副作用). They need”可知，是这些化学物质需要被检查，表被动，故选C。 二、用所给单词的适当形式填空 1．The shop ________ (close) for three days till now. Maybe the shop owner is busy with what needs to ________ (solve) immediately. has been closed be solved 【详解】句意：这家店到目前为止已经关门三天了，也许店主正忙着处理需要立刻解决的事。 时间状语“for three days till now”是现在完成时的标志，短暂性动词close不能与时间段连用，需改用表状态的be closed，主语为单数，be的现在完成形式为has been，因此第一空填has been closed；固定搭配need to be done表示“某事需要被做”，含有被动含义，solve需使用被动形式，因此第二空填be solved。 2．I believe that an important moment like this should ________ (not forget). not be forgotten 【详解】句意：我相信这样一个重要的时刻不应该被忘记。forget意为“忘记”，是动词，和从句主语moment之间是被动关系，用被动语态，should意为“应该”，是情态动词，情态动词的被动语态的结构是“情态动词+be+动词的过去分词”，其否定形式是在情态动词后加not，forget的过去分词是forgotten。 3．The model plane is ________ (make) of wood. made 【详解】句意：这个飞机模型是木头制成的。make意为“制作”，固定搭配be made of表示“由……制成”，被动语态中动词用过去分词形式，应填made。 4．He was made _______ (clean) the pictures he had drawn on the wall. to clean 【详解】句意：他被迫清理他在墙上画的画。clean意为“清理”，在使役动词make后作宾语补足语时，用动词原形，即“make sb. do sth.”。但当句子变为被动语态时，后面需接带to的动词不定式，即“be made to do sth.”。故填to clean。 5．As a result, many young people were often seen ________ (hit) the books day and night. to hit 【详解】句意：因此，人们经常看到许多年轻人日夜用功苦读。主动语态中，see的常用结构是see sb. do sth.“看见某人做某事”，用来描述经常性动作/动作全过程，此时作宾语补足语的不定式会省略to。当see变为被动语态时，原本省略的不定式符号to必须还原，结构为sb. be seen to do sth.；本题是被动结构“were often seen”，故填动词不定式to hit。 6．The charity show ________ (hold) in the school hall last Friday. was held 【详解】句意：慈善演出上周五在学校礼堂举办。主语The charity show和动词hold是被动关系，时间状语last Friday表明句子时态为一般过去时，一般过去时被动语态结构为“was/were+过去分词”，主语是单数，be动词用was，hold的过去分词为held，因此空格处填入was held。 7．Emperors made it a rule that any gifted person needed ________ (test) for a chance to contribute to the nation. testing 【详解】句意：皇帝们规定，任何有才华的人都需要经过测试，才能获得为国效力的机会。动词need后接动名词时，主动形式表示被动意义，相当于need to be done“需要被……”。test“测试”，动词；此处应用其动名词形式testing作needed的宾语。 8．Books written by Louise Glück ________ (sell) well because she is the winner of Nobel Prize in Literature. sell 【详解】句意：露易丝·格丽克写的书很畅销，因为她是诺贝尔文学奖得主。根据“...well because she is...”可知，描述客观事实，用一般现在时；且“sell well”为固定搭配，意为“畅销”，主动形式表示被动意义；主语“Books”为复数，故填sell。 9．Exams in China ________ (create) more than four thousand years ago. were created 【详解】句意：中国的考试是在四千多年前被创立的。主语“Exams”与动词“create”之间是被动关系，且时间状语“more than four thousand years ago”表示过去，因此需要用一般过去时的被动语态。主语为复数，be动词用were，create的过去分词为created，故填were created。 10．If all the clues are not well ________ (control), detectives may lose the right direction. controlled 【详解】句意：如果所有线索没有得到很好的控制，侦探可能会失去正确的方向。提示词“control”是动词，与主语“all the clues”构成被动关系；空前已有 “are not”，因此需要填入过去分词构成一般现在时的被动语态，故填controlled。 三、语法选择 阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 Our School’s Environmental Project Last month, our school 1 an environmental protection project. The teacher asked us to collect plastic bottles in our neighborhood. So far, we 2 over 500 bottles. I 3 this project very interesting. On the first day, I 4 only 10 bottles. I felt a little sad. But my deskmate Lily encouraged me. She said that every small action matters. Since then, I 5 out to collect bottles every weekend. Last Saturday, I 6 an old man in the park. He saw me collecting bottles and 7 me a big smile. He told me that he 8 collecting waste things for ten years. He said it was a good way to protect the environment. From this project, I 9 a lot. I know that protecting the environment is not a one-time thing. We should keep doing it. Our teacher says we 10 the bottles to a recycling center next week. I hope more people can join us. 1．A．starts B．started C．has started D．will start 2．A．collect B．collected C．have collected D．will collect 3．A．find B．found C．have found D．will find 4．A．collect B．collected C．have collected D．will collect 5．A．go B．went C．have gone D．will go 6．A．meet B．met C．have met D．will meet 7．A．gives B．gave C．has given D．will give 8．A．keeps B．kept C．had kept D．will keep 9．A．learn B．learned C．have learned D．will learn 10．A．take B．took C．have taken D．will take 1．B 2．C 3．B 4．B 5．C 6．B 7．B 8．C 9．C 10．D 【导语】本文讲述作者学校开展环保项目，学生收集塑料瓶的经历。作者受益匪浅，意识到环保需坚持，计划下周将瓶子送至回收中心。 【详解】1．句意：上个月，我们学校开展了一项环保项目。 根据时间状语“Last month”，句子要用一般过去时，start的过去式为started；starts是一般现在时，has started是现在完成时，will start是一般将来时，均不符合过去时间的时态要求，故选started。 2．句意：到目前为止，我们已经收集了500多个瓶子。 根据时间标志词“So far”（到目前为止），是现在完成时的典型标志，结构为“have/has+过去分词”，主语为we，用have collected；collect一般现在时、collected一般过去时、will collect一般将来时均不匹配该时间状语，故选have collected。 3．句意：我发现这个项目非常有趣。 本段整体在讲述过去参与项目的经历，用一般过去时，find的过去式是found；find一般现在时、have found现在完成时、will find一般将来时均不符合叙事时态，故选found。 4．句意：第一天，我只收集了10个瓶子。 根据时间“On the first day”（第一天），描述过去发生的动作，用一般过去时，collect的过去式为collected；collect一般现在时、have collected现在完成时、will collect一般将来时均不符合，故选collected。 5．句意：从那以后，我每个周末都外出收集瓶子。 Since then（从那以后）为现在完成时标志词，强调动作从过去持续到现在，结构为“have+过去分词”，用have gone；go一般现在时、went一般过去时、will go一般将来时均不符合该时态用法，故选have gone。 6．句意：上周六，我在公园里遇到一位老人。 根据时间“Last Saturday”（上周六），描述过去发生的动作，用一般过去时，meet的过去式是met；meet一般现在时、have met现在完成时、will meet一般将来时均不符合过去时间时态，故选met。 7．句意：他看见我在收集瓶子，对着我露出灿烂的笑容。 and连接两个并列的过去谓语动词，前面saw为see的过去式，此处也要用一般过去时，give的过去式为gave；gives一般现在时、has given现在完成时、will give一般将来时均不符合并列时态一致原则，故选gave。 8．句意：他告诉我他已经坚持收集废品十年了。 主句时态为一般过去时(told)，宾语从句中时间状语for ten years表示动作从过去持续到老人讲述这件事之前，属于过去的过去，要用过去完成时。选项中C项had kept(过去完成时)符合语境。kept一般过去时只强调过去动作，keeps一般现在时、will keep一般将来时均不能表示动作持续时长，故选had kept。 9．句意：通过这个项目，我学到了很多。 强调从过去的项目经历中收获感悟，动作发生在过去且对现在有影响，用现在完成时have learned；learn一般现在时、learned一般过去时、will learn一般将来时均无法体现经历带来的当下收获，故选have learned。 10．句意：老师说我们下周要把这些瓶子送到回收中心。 根据时间状语“next week”（下周），表示将来要发生的动作，用一般将来时will take；take一般现在时、took一般过去时、have taken现在完成时均不符合将来时间的时态要求，故选will take。 四、语法填空 It was 8 o’clock on the recycling day. Jenna and her father 1 (collect) recyclable things. Her father advised her 2 (put) the empty box and the old magazines in the recycling bag. “Dad, do you know that we can reuse most of these things, 3 (include) magazines?” asked Jenna. “How so?” her father questioned. “Well, we can donate the old magazines to the library. And this empty paper box can 4 (use) for art projects,” she replied. “I understand your new thinking, Jenna,” said her dad. “But I want you to put them in this recycling bag with all the other paper things 5 that’s the way we have always done it.” “Dad! At the recycling center, they taught us to reuse,” Jenna explained as she tied the magazines together with a string (绳子). “I don’t like 6 idea of giving away our old magazines to other people,” said her dad. “But when we reuse, we also reduce waste!” said Jenna. “And when we reduce, the recycling center 7 (not get) too full of material. If every family reduces waste, we can make a big 8 (different).” “Oh, alright then,” her dad accepted 9 a smile. “Put the magazines by the front door. We can drop them off at the library on the way to the recycling center.” “Great!” Jenna 10 (cheer). “Let’s see what else we can find to reuse.” 试卷第1页，共3页 试卷第1页，共3页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 1．were collecting 2．to put 3．including 4．be used 5．because/as/since 6．the 7．doesn’t get/won’t get 8．difference 9．with 10．cheered 【导语】本文主要讲述了Jenna和父亲在回收日讨论如何更好地重复利用可回收物品的故事。 【详解】1．句意：Jenna和她的父亲正在收集可回收物品。此处描述过去某一时刻正在进行的动作，需用过去进行时，主语为“Jenna and her father”，谓语结构为were doing，应填were collecting。 2．句意：她的父亲建议她把空盒子和旧杂志放进回收袋。advise sb. to do sth.“建议某人做某事”，为固定短语，to do 作宾语补足语，因此填to put。 3．句意：爸爸，你知道我们可以重复利用大多数这些东西，包括杂志吗？“can reuse”已作谓语，此处用介词短语作状语，介词including“包括”符合语境。 4．句意：并且这个空纸盒可以用于艺术项目。主语“empty paper box”和use“使用”是被动关系，此处应用含有情态动词can的被动语态，结构为can be done。应填be used。 5．句意：但我想让你把它们和其他纸质物品一起放进这个回收袋，因为这是我们一直以来的做法。前后句是因果关系，前果后因，可用because/as/since引导原因状语从句。 6．句意：“我不喜欢把我们的旧杂志送给别人的想法，”她爸爸说。上文指出“Well, we can donate the old magazines to the library.”把旧杂志送人的想法已提及一次，此处是第二次提及，应用定冠词the表特指。 7．句意：而且当我们减少时，回收中心就没有/不会有太多材料了。when引导时间状语从句，此处可以是描述一般事实，主从句都用一般现在时，主语“the recycling center”是第三人称单数，否定助动词用doesn’t，后接动词原形get；也可以描述将来的情况，遵循“主将从现”的原则，空格所在句是主句，应用一般将来时的will do结构，will not缩写为won’t。故填doesn’t get/won’t get。 8．句意：如果每个家庭都减少垃圾，我们就能带来巨大的改变。make a difference“有作用或影响”，为固定短语。 9．句意：“哦，那好吧，”她的爸爸微笑着接受了。with a smile固定介词短语，意为 “带着微笑”，在句中作伴随状语，修饰动词accepted，表示爸爸同意时伴随的状态。 10．句意：“太好了！”Jenna欢呼道。全文用一般过去时讲述过去发生的事情，此处谓语动词用过去式cheered。 19 / 21 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $