专题01 动词时态（现在完成时）（暑假复习讲义）新九年级英语新教材译林版

专题01 动词时态（现在进行时） 内容导航 01 复习目标→ 明考向、知权重、晓关联、以目标导学，以考向定标 02 知识重构 → 系统讲解核心知识，重构整合形成体系 脉络重构：快速扫描高频考点，定位薄区 典例破题：精选例题，呈现思路点拨+规范解答+方法提炼 巩固提升：趁热打铁练一练，强化巩固所学 03综合通关 → 综合演练，梯度设题；查漏补缺，闭环收官 1. 知识目标：掌握现在完成时的基本结构、用法及常见时间标志词，能够清晰区分现在完成时与一般过去时的用法差异。 2. 能力目标：熟练掌握动词过去分词的变化规则；掌握瞬间性动词与延续性动词的转换方法。 3. 应试目标：可快速判断时态考点，熟练完成单选、句型转换、改错和句子翻译等题型，规避时态混淆、瞬间动词乱用等高频易错点。 知识点 常考考点 命题风向 现在完成时 1. 时态语境辨析。 2. 延续/瞬间动词必考。 3. 高频短语辨析 4. 固定句式与时态呼应 1. 依托对话、语篇场景出题，核心辨析现在完成时与一般过去时。 2. 动词重难点考查高频考查不规则动词过去分词；瞬间动词变延续性动词。 3. 标志词用法考查辨析 。 4. 在适当形式填空、完形、写作中综合运用能力。 考情解码：属于中考语法高频必考时态，每套试卷必有考查，分值稳定 脉｜络｜重｜构 考｜点｜精｜讲 知识点 现在完成时 【课标要求】① 熟练掌握现在完成时的句式结构、动词过去分词变化，精准掌握动作影响、持续状态、人生经历三大核心用法；② 课标核心重难点，必须精准区分现在完成时与一般过去时、have been to/gone to/been in三组易混结构；③ 掌握for/since、so far、in the past few years等专属状语搭配，杜绝瞬间动词与时间段连用的典型错误 1． 现在完成时的基本结构及定义 （1） 基本结构 1. 肯定句式 句式结构：主语 + have /has + 过去分词 使用规则： 主语为 he/she/it、单数名词 → 用 has 主语为 I/you/we/they、复数名词 → 用 have 2. 否定句式 句式结构：主语 + haven't /hasn't + 过去分词 3. 一般疑问句式 句式结构：Have / Has + 主语 + 过去分词？ 4. 简略回答 肯定回答：Yes, 主语 + have/has. 否定回答：No, 主语 + haven't/hasn't. （2） 定义 1.动作始于过去，一直延续至现在 例句：He has worked in this factory for five years. 2. 动作发生于过去，对当下产生的结果或造成的影响。 例句: I have already finished my homework. 3. 到目前为止动作发生的频率 例句：I have read this novel twice. 2． 过去分词的变化规则 变化规则 示例 一般动词，词尾直接加-ed work→worked； 以不发音字母e结尾，词尾直接加-d live→lived 辅音字母+y结尾，变y为i，再加-ed study→studied 重读闭音节（辅+元+辅）结尾，双写末尾辅音字母，再加-ed stop→stopped 不规则变化 A-A-A型 cut→cut→cut A-B-B型 buy→bought→bought A-B-C型 go→went→gone A-B-A型 come→came→come A-A-B型 beat→beat→beaten 3． 标志词 分类 标志词/短语 用法说明 经典例句 不定时间类 （表已完成、经历） already 多用于肯定句，意为“已经” I have already finished my homework. yet 多用于否定句、疑问句，意为“还、尚未” He hasn't finished his homework yet. just 多用于肯定句，意为“刚刚” I have just returned from school. ever 多用于疑问句，意为“曾经” Have you ever been to Beijing? never 表否定，意为“从未、从不” She has never seen this movie. before 置于句末，意为“以前” I have met this person before. 持续时间类 （表动作延续） for + 时间段 表示动作持续的时长，后接一段时间 He has lived here for ten years. since + 时间点 表示动作起始时间，后接过去具体时间 She has studied English since 2016. since + 一般过去时句子 自过去某个动作发生以来 I have known him since I was young. so far 意为“迄今为止、到目前为止” We have learned 2000 words so far. 强调频率类 （表过往次数、经历） once / twice / three times… 表示动作发生的具体次数，侧重人生经历 I have been to Qingdao twice. many times 表示“多次”，泛指重复发生的经历 He has visited the museum many times. 【典例破题】 My cousin ________ as a volunteer in the Suqian Charity Federation since he left college. A．works B．worked C．has worked D．will work 【命题解读】 C 【详解】句意：我的表哥自从大学毕业后就在宿迁慈善总会做志愿者。 根据标志词“since he left college”可知，句子要用现在完成时，其结构为have/has+过去分词，主语为单数，助动词用has。应填has worked。 【易错警示】 since+一般过去时从句是现在完成时的核心标志性时间状语，混淆现在完成时与一般现在时、一般过去时的时态逻辑 【巩固提升1】 —Have you finished your homework yet, Jim? —Yes, I have. I ________ it for nearly one hour. A．did B．have done C．do D．will do 【巩固提升2】 — What do you think of the film Hi, Mom? — Wonderful. I ________ it twice already. A．see B．saw C．have seen D．will see 【巩固提升3】 —The Three-body Problem is fantastic. It is a Hugo Award-winning novel. —I agree. I _________ it several times so far. A．read B．am reading C．have read D．will read 4． have been to/have gone to/have been in 短语结构 核心含义 经典例句 have been to + 地点 去过某地 I have been to Chengdu twice. have gone to + 地点 去了某地 My father isn't at home. He has gone to Shanghai. have been in + 地点 在某地待了多久 She has been in Guangzhou for six years. 【典例破题】 —My aunt _________ Singapore to spend her holiday. —It’s a beautiful country. I _________ there twice. A．has gone to; have gone B．has been to: have been C．has gone to; have been to D．has gone to; have been 【命题解读】 D 【详解】句意：——我阿姨去新加坡度假了。 ——这是一个美丽的国家。我去过那里两次。 考查动词时态。has gone (to) 去过某地，表示去了还没有回来；has been (to) 去过某地，表示去了已经回来。第一空，根据“My aunt...Singapore to spend her holiday.”可知，此处表示阿姨去新加坡度假了，还没有回来，用has gone to；第二空，根据“I...there twice.”可知，此处表示去过新加坡两次，去了已经回来了，且there是地点副词，前面不能加to，所以第二空用have been。故选D。 【易错警示】 混淆have gone to与have been to的语义差异，同时易忽略地点副词there前不可加介词to的语法规则 【巩固提升1】 — The Greens ________ the USA twice. This time they ________ the USA for two weeks. A．have gone to; have been to B．have been to; have been to C．have been in; have been to D．have been to; have been in 【巩固提升2】 —Mr. Liu, have you ever ________ abroad? —Yes. I ________ Singapore last week. A． been; have been to B．gone; have been in C．been; have gone to D．been; went to 【巩固提升3】 —Where are the Smiths? I don’ t see them. —They ________ Inner Mongolia for their summer holiday and they ________ there for two days. A．have gone to; have been to B．have been to; have gone C．have gone to; have been D．have been to; have been in 5． for/since 标志词 后接内容 例句 for 一段时间。 I have lived here for ten years. since 过去时间/一般过去时从句。 1. He has studied English since 2015. 2. She has worked here since she graduated. 【典例破题】 They have waited here two hours. (for/since) 【命题解读】 for 【详解】句意：他们已经在这里等了两个小时了。“for”和“since”都可以用于表示时间，但用法有所不同。“for”后面接一段时间，表示动作或状态持续的时长；“since”后面接时间点，表示从某个时间点开始一直持续到现在的动作或状态。在这个句子中，“two hours”是一段时间，所以应该用“for”来表示他们等待的时长。 【易错警示】 混淆for接时间段、since接过去时间点的用法差异，误给时间段two hours搭配since 【巩固提升1】 She has been a volunteer at a nursing home (for/since) last August. 【巩固提升2】 I became a teacher 15 years _________. I have been a teacher _______ 1997. I have taught here _________ about 15 years. A．ago; since; for B．ago; for; since C．ago; before; for D．ago; in; after 【巩固提升3】 It has been two months _______ my family moved to Lianyungang. A．for B．since C．because D．so 6． 瞬间动词和延续性动词 瞬间性动词 VS 延续性动词 例句：1.He has left.(√) 2.He hasn't left yet.(√) 3.He has left for a month.(X)→He has been away for a month. 瞬间性动词不能直接用于带有 for 或 since 的现在完成时句子中表示持续状态。需要把瞬间性动词转换为对应的延续性动词。 瞬间性动词→延续性动词 介词转换1.I have finished this program. 2. This program has been over for a month. begin/start--be on finish/stop--be over come/go/arrive--be in/at leave--be away join--be in/be a member of get up--be up 形容词 1. She has married this man. 2. She has been married for ten years. die--be dea marry--be marrie open--be ope close--be closed 替换词意 1. I have bought the book. 2. I have had the book for days. buy--have borrow--keep join--be a member of/be in become--be 【典例破题】 —I came here to watch the film, but the cinema is already empty. —That’s because the film ________ since 7:30. A．has ended B．has been on C．has started D．has been over 【命题解读】 D 【详解】句意：——我来这里看电影，但电影院已经空了。——那是因为电影7:30就结束了。 end结束；on上映；start开始；over结束。根据since可知，句子时态为现在完成时，结构为have/has+过去分词，且动词为延续性动词，end和start为非延续性动词，排除。根据句意可知，此处表示电影已经结束了，应填has been over。 【易错警示】 · 未掌握since+时间点需搭配延续性动词的核心规则，误选end/start这类瞬间动词对应的 A、C 选项； · 忽略 “电影院已空” 的关键语境，语义匹配偏差 【巩固提升1】 —How long have you ________ this book? —For two weeks. I ________ it from the school library. A．borrowed; borrowed B．kept; borrowed C．kept; kept D．borrowed; kept 【巩固提升2】 —Daniel, ________ did you move here with your parents? —We ________ here since two years ago. A．when, have lived B．how long, lived C．how long, have moved D．when, moved 【巩固提升3】 —How long have you ________ the camera? —For two years. I bought it when I traveled to Beijing. A．bought B．had C．borrowed D．lent 7． 一般过去时和现在完成时 时态 一般过去时 现在完成时 结构 主语 + 动词过去式+ 其他 主语 +have / has+ 动词过去分词+ 其他 标志词 last, yesterday, ago, in 2000;when I was young; just now for,since,already,just,yet;ever,never,twice;recently(最近),so far(到目前为止)... 区别 侧重单纯过去发生的动作，与现在无关。 1.I went to Beijing last month. 2.She bought a new phone. 3.He visited Canada in 2014 and 2018. 1.强调过去发生的动作一直持续到现在； I have lived in Beijing for 13 years. 2.强调过去发生的动作对现在造成影响 / 结果； She has bought a new phone. 3. 强调到目前为止发生的次数。 He has been to Canada twice. 【典例破题】 They ________ten years ago.  This year they________ for ten years. A．marry, got married B．got married, have married C．got marry, married D．got married, have been married 【命题解读】 D 【详解】句意：他们十年前结婚，今年他们已经结婚十年了。 考查动词时态。marry一般现在时，结婚；got married一般过去时，结婚，强调动作；have married现在完成时，结婚；have been married现在完成时，结婚，强调已经结婚的状态。根据题意可知他们十年前结婚是过去的动作，而今年已经结婚了是现在的状态。故选D。 【易错警示】 混淆一般过去时与现在完成时的时间标志，同时未掌握瞬间动词marry不能与for+持续时间段连用的规则，易误选 B 选项的have married。 【巩固提升1】 It’s said that one and a half hours ________ since the film ________. A．has passed; has begun B．has passed; began C．have passed; began D．have passed; has begun 【巩固提升2】 Last week I ________ a book. That’s to say, since last week I ________ a book. A．have kept, have kept B．have kept, have borrowed C．borrowed, have borrowed D．borrowed, have kept 【巩固提升3】 Mr. Brown ________ his hometown since he ________ the army. A．has left; joined B．has been away from; has joined C．has been away from; joined D．left; joined 一、单项选择 1. There ________ great changes in my hometown in the past few years. A．have had B．have been C．were D．had 2. — The Three-body Problem is fantastic. It is a Hugo Award-winning novel. — I agree. I ________ it several times up to now. A．read B．am reading C．have read D．will read 3. —I bought the geese two weeks ago. —Oh, you mean you ________ them ________ half a month ago. A．have kept；since B．have bought；for C．have had；since D．have had；for 4. — Your new bike looks nice. How long have you _______ it? — For more than two months. A．have B．buy C．had D．bought 5. My parents ________ Tianjin on business for a whole week. So I live with my uncle these days. A．have been to B．have gone to C．have been in D．have been away 6. Mr Li ________ France for a holiday. He ________ abroad only once. He ________ there for 5 days. A．has gone to; has been; has been B．has been to; has gone; has been C．has gone to; has gone; has been D．has been to; has been; has gone 7. —Do you know how long the shop ________? —For three years. I remembered it ________ on a sunny day. A．has been open, was open B．has been open , opened C．has been opened, was opened D．has opened, opened 8. I became a teacher ten years .I have been a teacher 2001. I have taught here about 10 years. A．ago; since; for B．ago; for; since C．ago; before; for D．ago; in; after 二、用所给单词的适当形式填空 1.She has ________ (live) in this city for 10 years. She knows it very well. 2.Since he was allowed to do what he likes on weekends, Tom ________ (become) much happier and more confident. 3.Millie borrowed a book from the town library last Sunday. She has ________ (borrow) this book for about a week. 4.—Where is your father? —He ________ (go) to Beijing on business. He will come back next Monday. 5.She ________ (borrow) this book for nearly a week. 6.Most students in our class ________ (learn) English since they were in Grade Three. 7.Lily, together with her classmates, ________ (keep) on practicing her speech since she decided to join the competition. 8.My father ________ (go) to Shanghai on business. He won’t come back until next week. 9.The scholar’s influence is still strong though he ________ (die) for 40 years. 10.—When ________ you ________ (marry)?   —In 2020. So I ________ (marry) for 6 years. 三、语法选择 Qomolangma is known as 30 highest mountain in the world. It is 8,848 meters 31 and covered with snow 32 year round. 33 it is extremely cold, many climbers still try to reach its top. But our world has other wonders too. Elephants are the largest land animals. An adult elephant can be 4 meters tall and weigh 34 6,000 kg! Pandas, however, are 35 popular animals in China and they are now a symbol of China. They mainly live in Sichuan and eat bamboo. Last summer, I visited the Chengdu Research Base with my parents. While we 36 through the park, we saw baby pandas playing. A worker told us that they 37 over 100 pandas since 1990. She said, “Pandas are 38 than elephants, but they need our protection too.” This trip taught me that all animals are important. We must protect them together and show some love 39 them. 1．A．a B．an C．the D．/ 2．A．high B．higher C．highest D．the highest 3．A．all B．none C．both D．neither 4．A．Although B．Because C．So D．But 5．A．near B．nearly C．nearby D．nearest 6．A．the most B．more C．most D．much 7．A．walk B．walked C．were walking D．are walking 8．A．saves B．saved C．have saved D．is saving 9．A．smaller B．small C．smallest D．much small 10．A．to B．at C．for D．with 四、语法填空 用所给单词的适当形式填空。 Have you ever tried geocaching (地理寻宝)? It is a modern outdoor activity that 1 (become) very popular in recent years. People around the world enjoy it as a fun way to explore new places. In geocaching, players use a GPS device or a smartphone 2 (find) hidden containers called “geocaches”. These containers are hidden in parks, forests, cities, and even underwater. Each geocache usually 3 (contain) a logbook where players can write their names and the date they found it. The game 4 (start) in 2000 when the US government made GPS signals available to the public. Since then, millions of geocaches 5 (hide) in over 190 countries. Some are easy to find, while others require climbing or diving. One of the 6 (great) things about geocaching is that it takes you to places you might never visit otherwise. You may discover a beautiful waterfall, an old stone bridge, or a 7 (hide) garden while searching for a geocache. Many families enjoy geocaching because it is a great way 8 (spend) time together outdoors. Children love the excitement of the search, and parents appreciate the chance to teach their kids about nature and map 9 (read). If you are looking for a new hobby that combines adventure with 10 (explore), geocaching might be the perfect choice for you. 19 / 21 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题01 动词时态（现在进行时） 内容导航 01 复习目标→ 明考向、知权重、晓关联、以目标导学，以考向定标 02 知识重构 → 系统讲解核心知识，重构整合形成体系 脉络重构：快速扫描高频考点，定位薄区 典例破题：精选例题，呈现思路点拨+规范解答+方法提炼 巩固提升：趁热打铁练一练，强化巩固所学 03综合通关 → 综合演练，梯度设题；查漏补缺，闭环收官 1. 知识目标：掌握现在完成时的基本结构、用法及常见时间标志词，能够清晰区分现在完成时与一般过去时的用法差异。 2. 能力目标：熟练掌握动词过去分词的变化规则；掌握瞬间性动词与延续性动词的转换方法。 3. 应试目标：可快速判断时态考点，熟练完成单选、句型转换、改错和句子翻译等题型，规避时态混淆、瞬间动词乱用等高频易错点。 知识点 常考考点 命题风向 现在完成时 1. 时态语境辨析。 2. 延续/瞬间动词必考。 3. 高频短语辨析 4. 固定句式与时态呼应 1. 依托对话、语篇场景出题，核心辨析现在完成时与一般过去时。 2. 动词重难点考查高频考查不规则动词过去分词；瞬间动词变延续性动词。 3. 标志词用法考查辨析 。 4. 在适当形式填空、完形、写作中综合运用能力。 考情解码：属于中考语法高频必考时态，每套试卷必有考查，分值稳定 脉｜络｜重｜构 考｜点｜精｜讲 知识点 现在完成时 【课标要求】① 熟练掌握现在完成时的句式结构、动词过去分词变化，精准掌握动作影响、持续状态、人生经历三大核心用法；② 课标核心重难点，必须精准区分现在完成时与一般过去时、have been to/gone to/been in三组易混结构；③ 掌握for/since、so far、in the past few years等专属状语搭配，杜绝瞬间动词与时间段连用的典型错误 1． 现在完成时的基本结构及定义 （一）基本结构 1. 肯定句式 句式结构：主语 + have /has + 过去分词 使用规则： 主语为 he/she/it、单数名词 → 用 has 主语为 I/you/we/they、复数名词 → 用 have 2. 否定句式 句式结构：主语 + haven't /hasn't + 过去分词 3. 一般疑问句式 句式结构：Have / Has + 主语 + 过去分词？ 4. 简略回答 肯定回答：Yes, 主语 + have/has. 否定回答：No, 主语 + haven't/hasn't. （二）定义 1.动作始于过去，一直延续至现在 例句：He has worked in this factory for five years. 2. 动作发生于过去，对当下产生的结果或造成的影响。 例句: I have already finished my homework. 3. 到目前为止动作发生的频率 例句：I have read this novel twice. 2． 过去分词的变化规则 变化规则 示例 一般动词，词尾直接加-ed work→worked； 以不发音字母e结尾，词尾直接加-d live→lived 辅音字母+y结尾，变y为i，再加-ed study→studied 重读闭音节（辅+元+辅）结尾，双写末尾辅音字母，再加-ed stop→stopped 不规则变化 A-A-A型 cut→cut→cut A-B-B型 buy→bought→bought A-B-C型 go→went→gone A-B-A型 come→came→come A-A-B型 beat→beat→beaten 3． 标志词 分类 标志词/短语 用法说明 经典例句 不定时间类 （表已完成、经历） already 多用于肯定句，意为“已经” I have already finished my homework. yet 多用于否定句、疑问句，意为“还、尚未” He hasn't finished his homework yet. just 多用于肯定句，意为“刚刚” I have just returned from school. ever 多用于疑问句，意为“曾经” Have you ever been to Beijing? never 表否定，意为“从未、从不” She has never seen this movie. before 置于句末，意为“以前” I have met this person before. 持续时间类 （表动作延续） for + 时间段 表示动作持续的时长，后接一段时间 He has lived here for ten years. since + 时间点 表示动作起始时间，后接过去具体时间 She has studied English since 2016. since + 一般过去时句子 自过去某个动作发生以来 I have known him since I was young. so far 意为“迄今为止、到目前为止” We have learned 2000 words so far. 强调频率类 （表过往次数、经历） once / twice / three times… 表示动作发生的具体次数，侧重人生经历 I have been to Qingdao twice. many times 表示“多次”，泛指重复发生的经历 He has visited the museum many times. 【典例破题】 My cousin ________ as a volunteer in the Suqian Charity Federation since he left college. A．works B．worked C．has worked D．will work 【命题解读】 C 【详解】句意：我的表哥自从大学毕业后就在宿迁慈善总会做志愿者。 根据标志词“since he left college”可知，句子要用现在完成时，其结构为have/has+过去分词，主语为单数，助动词用has。应填has worked。 【易错警示】 since+一般过去时从句是现在完成时的核心标志性时间状语，混淆现在完成时与一般现在时、一般过去时的时态逻辑 【巩固提升1】 —Have you finished your homework yet, Jim? —Yes, I have. I ________ it for nearly one hour. A．did B．have done C．do D．will do B 【详解】句意：——吉姆，你完成作业了吗？——是的，我完成了。我已经做了它将近一个小时。 根据问句“Have you finished...”及答语“Yes, I have.”可知对话语境为现在完成时。答句中“for nearly one hour”表示持续的一段时间，是现在完成时的标志状语，强调动作持续到现在或刚结束对现在有影响，因此此处应为现在完成时，have done符合题意。 【巩固提升2】 — What do you think of the film Hi, Mom? — Wonderful. I ________ it twice already. A．see B．saw C．have seen D．will see C 【详解】句意：——你觉得电影《你好，李焕英》怎么样？——很棒。我已经看过它两次了。 根据句中的关键词already（已经）和twice（两次）可知，此处强调过去的动作对现在造成的影响或经历，应用现在完成时，C项为现在完成时。A项为一般现在时，B项为一般过去时，D项为一般将来时，均不符合语境。 【巩固提升3】 —The Three-body Problem is fantastic. It is a Hugo Award-winning novel. —I agree. I _________ it several times so far. A．read B．am reading C．have read D．will read C 【详解】句意：——《三体》真是太神奇了。这是一部雨果奖获奖小说。——我同意。迄今为止，我已经读了好几遍了。 根据“so far”可知，句子应用现在完成时，强调过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响，应填have read。 4． have been to/have gone to/have been in 短语结构 核心含义 经典例句 have been to + 地点 去过某地 I have been to Chengdu twice. have gone to + 地点 去了某地 My father isn't at home. He has gone to Shanghai. have been in + 地点 在某地待了多久 She has been in Guangzhou for six years. 【典例破题】 —My aunt _________ Singapore to spend her holiday. —It’s a beautiful country. I _________ there twice. A．has gone to; have gone B．has been to: have been C．has gone to; have been to D．has gone to; have been 【命题解读】 D 【详解】句意：——我阿姨去新加坡度假了。 ——这是一个美丽的国家。我去过那里两次。 考查动词时态。has gone (to) 去过某地，表示去了还没有回来；has been (to) 去过某地，表示去了已经回来。第一空，根据“My aunt...Singapore to spend her holiday.”可知，此处表示阿姨去新加坡度假了，还没有回来，用has gone to；第二空，根据“I...there twice.”可知，此处表示去过新加坡两次，去了已经回来了，且there是地点副词，前面不能加to，所以第二空用have been。故选D。 【易错警示】 混淆have gone to与have been to的语义差异，同时易忽略地点副词there前不可加介词to的语法规则 【巩固提升1】 — The Greens ________ the USA twice. This time they ________ the USA for two weeks. A．have gone to; have been to B．have been to; have been to C．have been in; have been to D．have been to; have been in D 【详解】句意：格林一家去过美国两次。这次他们已经在美国呆了两个星期了。 考查动词时态。have been to...去过……现在已经回来了；have been in...呆在……；have gone to...去了……，可能在路上，也可能已经到了；第一空是去过美国两次，这里用“have been to”；第二空是for+一段时间，可知这里是用“have been in”，指“他们已经在美国呆了两个星期了”。故选D。 【巩固提升2】 —Mr. Liu, have you ever ________ abroad? —Yes. I ________ Singapore last week. A． been; have been to B．gone; have been in C．been; have gone to D．been; went to D 【详解】句意：——刘先生，你去过国外吗？——是的。我上周去了新加坡。 考查动词时态。have been to表示“去过某地（已经回来）”；have gone to表示“去了某地（还未回来）”；have been in表示“在某地待了多久”；went to是一般过去时，表示“去了某地（强调过去动作）”。根据语境可知，第一句是询问刘先生是否去过国外，强调过去的经历，且现在已回来，所以第一空应用“have been”；第二句中有时间状语“last week”，表示上周去了新加坡，是过去发生的动作，应该用一般过去时，所以第二空应用“went to”。故选D。 【巩固提升3】 —Where are the Smiths? I don’ t see them. —They ________ Inner Mongolia for their summer holiday and they ________ there for two days. A．have gone to; have been to B．have been to; have gone C．have gone to; have been D．have been to; have been in C 【详解】句意：——史密斯一家在哪里？我没看到他们。——他们去内蒙古度暑假了，并且已经在那里待了两天。 考查现在完成时。have gone to去了某地（未回来）；have been to去过某地（已回来）；have been in待在某地（持续一段时间）。根据“Where are the Smiths? I don’ t see them.”可知，第一空表示“去了内蒙古”，还没回来，用have gone to；结合“for two days”说明第二空表示“已经在那里待了两天”，用have been符合语境。故选C。 5． for/since 标志词 后接内容 例句 for 一段时间。 I have lived here for ten years. since 过去时间/一般过去时从句。 1. He has studied English since 2015. 2. She has worked here since she graduated. 【典例破题】 They have waited here two hours. (for/since) 【命题解读】 for 【详解】句意：他们已经在这里等了两个小时了。“for”和“since”都可以用于表示时间，但用法有所不同。“for”后面接一段时间，表示动作或状态持续的时长；“since”后面接时间点，表示从某个时间点开始一直持续到现在的动作或状态。在这个句子中，“two hours”是一段时间，所以应该用“for”来表示他们等待的时长。 【易错警示】 混淆for接时间段、since接过去时间点的用法差异，误给时间段two hours搭配since 【巩固提升1】 She has been a volunteer at a nursing home (for/since) last August. since 【详解】句意：自去年八月以来，她一直在一家养老院做志愿者。for后接时间段，since后接过去的时间点。根据“last August”是过去的时间点，可知此处应用since。故填since。 【巩固提升2】 I became a teacher 15 years _________. I have been a teacher _______ 1997. I have taught here _________ about 15 years. A．ago; since; for B．ago; for; since C．ago; before; for D．ago; in; after A 【详解】句意：我15年前成为一名老师。我从1997年开始当老师。我在这里教了大约15年了。 ago以前；since自从；for达；before在……之前；in在……里面；after在……之后。“I became a teacher”是一般过去时，用“15 years ago”；“I have been a teacher”是现在完成时，“1997”是时间点，用since；“I have taught here”是现在完成时，“about 15 years”是时间段，用for。 【巩固提升3】 It has been two months _______ my family moved to Lianyungang. A．for B．since C．because D．so B 【详解】句意：自从我家搬到连云港已经两个月了。 考查连词辨析。for因为，为了，后面加原因；since自从，后面加时间；because因为，后面加原因；so所以，后面加结果。根据“has been”可知，这里是现在完成时，指自从我家搬到连云港已经两个月了。结构是：It has been+一段时间+since“自……以来已有多长时间了”。故选B。 6． 瞬间动词和延续性动词 瞬间性动词 VS 延续性动词 例句：1.He has left.(√) 2.He hasn't left yet.(√) 3.He has left for a month.(X)→He has been away for a month. 瞬间性动词不能直接用于带有 for 或 since 的现在完成时句子中表示持续状态。需要把瞬间性动词转换为对应的延续性动词。 瞬间性动词→延续性动词 介词转换1.I have finished this program. 2. This program has been over for a month. begin/start--be on finish/stop--be over come/go/arrive--be in/at leave--be away join--be in/be a member of get up--be up 形容词 1. She has married this man. 2. She has been married for ten years. die--be dea marry--be marrie open--be ope close--be closed 替换词意 1. I have bought the book. 2. I have had the book for days. buy--have borrow--keep join--be a member of/be in become--be 【典例破题】 —I came here to watch the film, but the cinema is already empty. —That’s because the film ________ since 7:30. A．has ended B．has been on C．has started D．has been over 【命题解读】 D 【详解】句意：——我来这里看电影，但电影院已经空了。——那是因为电影7:30就结束了。 end结束；on上映；start开始；over结束。根据since可知，句子时态为现在完成时，结构为have/has+过去分词，且动词为延续性动词，end和start为非延续性动词，排除。根据句意可知，此处表示电影已经结束了，应填has been over。 【易错警示】 · 未掌握since+时间点需搭配延续性动词的核心规则，误选end/start这类瞬间动词对应的 A、C 选项； · 忽略 “电影院已空” 的关键语境，语义匹配偏差 【巩固提升1】 —How long have you ________ this book? —For two weeks. I ________ it from the school library. A．borrowed; borrowed B．kept; borrowed C．kept; kept D．borrowed; kept B 【详解】句意：——这本书你借了多久了？——两周了。我是从学校图书馆借的。 borrowed借；kept保留，保存。“How long”提问时间段，与延续性动词连用，borrow是短暂性动词，不能与时间段连用，需换成延续性动词keep。第一空用kept；第二空描述从图书馆借的动作，用一般过去时borrowed。 【巩固提升2】 —Daniel, ________ did you move here with your parents? —We ________ here since two years ago. A．when, have lived B．how long, lived C．how long, have moved D．when, moved A 【详解】句意：——丹尼尔，你什么时候和父母搬到这里来的？——自从两年前以来我们就住在这里了。 when什么时候；have lived已经居住，现在完成时；how long多长时间；lived居住，一般过去时；have moved已经搬家；moved搬家。根据答句中时间状语“since two years ago”可知，句子应用现在完成时，排除B、D选项；move是瞬间动词，不能与表示一段时间的时间状语连用，live是延续性动词，可以与since连用，排除C选项。问句中助动词为did，询问搬家时间点用when。所以选A。 【巩固提升3】 —How long have you ________ the camera? —For two years. I bought it when I traveled to Beijing. A．bought B．had C．borrowed D．lent B 【详解】句意：——你拥有这台相机多久了？——两年了，我去北京旅游时买的。 how long提问时间段，需与延续性动词连用；bought买、borrowed借入、lent借出均为短暂性动词，不能与时间段连用；had是延续性动词，表“拥有”，且答句回答相机已经买了两年，应选had。 7． 一般过去时和现在完成时 时态 一般过去时 现在完成时 结构 主语 + 动词过去式+ 其他 主语 +have / has+ 动词过去分词+ 其他 标志词 last, yesterday, ago, in 2000;when I was young; just now for,since,already,just,yet;ever,never,twice;recently(最近),so far(到目前为止)... 区别 侧重单纯过去发生的动作，与现在无关。 1.I went to Beijing last month. 2.She bought a new phone. 3.He visited Canada in 2014 and 2018. 1.强调过去发生的动作一直持续到现在； I have lived in Beijing for 13 years. 2.强调过去发生的动作对现在造成影响 / 结果； She has bought a new phone. 3. 强调到目前为止发生的次数。 He has been to Canada twice. 【典例破题】 They ________ten years ago.  This year they________ for ten years. A．marry, got married B．got married, have married C．got marry, married D．got married, have been married 【命题解读】 D 【详解】句意：他们十年前结婚，今年他们已经结婚十年了。 考查动词时态。marry一般现在时，结婚；got married一般过去时，结婚，强调动作；have married现在完成时，结婚；have been married现在完成时，结婚，强调已经结婚的状态。根据题意可知他们十年前结婚是过去的动作，而今年已经结婚了是现在的状态。故选D。 【易错警示】 混淆一般过去时与现在完成时的时间标志，同时未掌握瞬间动词marry不能与for+持续时间段连用的规则，易误选 B 选项的have married。 【巩固提升1】 It’s said that one and a half hours ________ since the film ________. A．has passed; has begun B．has passed; began C．have passed; began D．have passed; has begun B 【详解】句意：据说电影开始已经一个半小时了。 考查时态。根据“since the film...”可知，此处为since引导的时间状语从句，主句为现在完成时，从句为一般过去时。第一个空的时态为现在完成时，其结构为have/has+done，主语“one and a half hours”指“一个半小时”，时间作为整体作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式，所以用has passed；第二个空的时态为一般过去时，begin的过去式是began。故选B。 【巩固提升2】 Last week I ________ a book. That’s to say, since last week I ________ a book. A．have kept, have kept B．have kept, have borrowed C．borrowed, have borrowed D．borrowed, have kept D 【详解】句意：上周我借了一本书。也就是说从上周开始我借了一本书。 考查动词的时态。第一句的时间状语是“Last week”，因此句子为一般过去时，第一空应用动词的过去式，排除选项A和B；第二句的时间状语是“since last week”，表示一段时间，应用现在完成时，且谓语动词需用延续性动词“have kept”。故选D。 【巩固提升3】 Mr. Brown ________ his hometown since he ________ the army. A．has left; joined B．has been away from; has joined C．has been away from; joined D．left; joined C 【详解】句意：布朗先生自从参军就离开了他的家乡。 has left已经离开；joined参加；has been away from已经离开；has joined已经参加；left离开。since引导时间状语从句用一般过去时，主句用现在完成时且需用延续性动词，第一空填has been away from，第二空填过去式joined。 一、单项选择 1. There ________ great changes in my hometown in the past few years. A．have had B．have been C．were D．had B 【详解】句意：在过去的几年里，我的家乡发生了巨大的变化。 考查现在完成时。结合语境和空后“in the past few years”可知本句应该使用现在完成时，表示过去发生的动作对现在产生影响，排除选项C和D；本句是there be句型与现在完成时相结合，真正的主语是“great changes”，所以用“there have been+名词复数+...”的结构。故选B。 2. — The Three-body Problem is fantastic. It is a Hugo Award-winning novel. — I agree. I ________ it several times up to now. A．read B．am reading C．have read D．will read C 【详解】句意：——《三体》真是太神奇了。这是一部雨果获奖小说。——我同意。到目前为止，我已经读了好几遍了。 考查现在完成时。根据“up to now”可知此句时态为现在完成时，故选C。 3. —I bought the geese two weeks ago. —Oh, you mean you ________ them ________ half a month ago. A．have kept；since B．have bought；for C．have had；since D．have had；for C 【详解】句意：——两周前我买了这些鹅。——哦，你是说半个月前你就拥有它们了。 考查延续性动词和含有since的现在完成时。have kept已经持有，延续性动词；have bought已经购买，非延续性动词；have had已经持有，延续性动词；since自……以后，后接时间点；for后接时间段。根据第二空后的“half a month ago”可知指的是过去的一个时间点，其前应用介词since。根据“I bought the geese two weeks ago”可知，动词buy为非延续性动词，在表示持续一段时间的句子中，应用延续性动词have来代替buy，其过去分词为had，因此第一空应填have had。故选C。 4. — Your new bike looks nice. How long have you _______ it? — For more than two months. A．have B．buy C．had D．bought C 【详解】句意：——你的新自行车看起来不错。你拥有它多久了？——超过两个月。 考查延续性动词和非延续性动词。根据答语“For more than two months.”可知，此处的动词要用延续性动词，排除B、D选项，分析句子结构可知，问句使用现在完成时，其结构为：主语+have/has+动词的过去分词+宾语（或者其他）。故选C。 5. My parents ________ Tianjin on business for a whole week. So I live with my uncle these days. A．have been to B．have gone to C．have been in D．have been away C 【详解】句意：我父母在天津出差整整一周了。所以这些天我和我叔叔住在一起。 考查短语辨析。have been to曾去过某地；have gone to已经去了某地；have been in待在某地；have been away已经离开某地。根据“So I live with my uncle these days”可知，父母现在在天津出差，故排除选项A和D。根据“for a whole week”可知，此处表示一段时间，不能用瞬间动词，故排除B。故选C。 6. Mr Li ________ France for a holiday. He ________ abroad only once. He ________ there for 5 days. A．has gone to; has been; has been B．has been to; has gone; has been C．has gone to; has gone; has been D．has been to; has been; has gone A 【详解】句意：李先生去法国度假了。他只去过国外一次。他已经在那里呆了5天了。 考查现在完成时。has gone to表示去了某地，人未回来；has been（to）表示去过某个地方，不过现在已经回来了，常与once、twice等表示频率的词组连用；has been （in）指的是在某个地方，从过去一直延续到现在，常与表示时间段词组连用。第一句表示去法国度假，人没有回来，用has gone to；第二句中有频率副词“only once”可知用has been （to），abroad是副词，省略了介词to，表示去过国外一次了；第三句中有“for 5 days”可知，用“has been （in）”，there 是副词，省略了介词in。故选A。 7. —Do you know how long the shop ________? —For three years. I remembered it ________ on a sunny day. A．has been open, was open B．has been open , opened C．has been opened, was opened D．has opened, opened B 【详解】句意：——你知道这个商店开多长时间了吗？——三年了。我记得它是在一个晴天开的。 考查时态用法。根据时间状语“on a sunny day”，可知第二句时态为一般过去时态，动词使用过去式，故用opened，排除AC。根据第一句的how long和答语”For three years”，可知第一句的时态为现在完成时态，其结构为：have/has +过去分词。句中的动词要用延续性动词，动词open是短暂性动词，不能跟一段时间连用，排除D；has been open表示”已经开了”表示状态，可以跟一段时间，此处open是形容词。故选B。 8. I became a teacher ten years .I have been a teacher 2001. I have taught here about 10 years. A．ago; since; for B．ago; for; since C．ago; before; for D．ago; in; after A 【详解】句意：15年前我成为了一个老师，自从1997年我一直是一个老师，我在这里教书已经大约15年了。ago…之前，前面用一段时间，表示在一段时间之前；since自从，常跟现在完成时态搭配；for后面跟一段时间，表示某一动作持续了一段时间了；before在…之前，放在时间段的前面；in在…之后，跟一般将来时态连用。根据句意和这些词的用法可知应选A。 二、用所给单词的适当形式填空 1.She has ________ (live) in this city for 10 years. She knows it very well. lived 【详解】句意：她已经在这座城市住了10年。她对这里非常熟悉。句中“for 10 years”为现在完成时的标志性时间状语，现在完成时结构为“have/has+过去分词，本句中已有助动词has，所以live要变为过去分词为lived，故填lived。 2.Since he was allowed to do what he likes on weekends, Tom ________ (become) much happier and more confident. has become 【详解】句意：自从汤姆被允许在周末做自己喜欢的事，他变得更快乐、更自信了。“Since”引导的时间状语从句表示过去的动作对现在造成的影响，主句需用现在完成时，结构为“have/has+过去分词”；主语Tom是第三人称单数，助动词用has，become的过去分词仍是become。 3.Millie borrowed a book from the town library last Sunday. She has ________ (borrow) this book for about a week. kept 【详解】句意：米莉上周日从镇上的图书馆借了一本书，这本书她已经借（持有）了大约一周了。borrow是瞬间动词，不能和“for about a week”这类的时间段连用。要表达（从过去某时）持续拥有某物，需要用延续性动词keep，句子是现在完成时，构成：have/has + 动词的过去分词，故填kept。 4.—Where is your father? —He ________ (go) to Beijing on business. He will come back next Monday. has gone 【详解】句意：——你爸爸在哪里？——他出差去北京了，可能下周一回来。根据“He will come back next Monday.”可知，爸爸现在不在此地，已经去了北京且还没回来，要用现在完成时has gone表示“去了某地还未回来”。 5.She ________ (borrow) this book for nearly a week. has kept 【详解】句意：她持有这本书将近一周了。句中“for nearly a week”表示一段时间，提示动作需用现在完成时，且borrow为短暂性动词，需转换为延续性动词keep。keep的过去分词为kept，主语为She，助动词用has。 6.Most students in our class ________ (learn) English since they were in Grade Three. have learned 【详解】句意：我们班大多数学生从三年级起就开始学英语了。根据“since they were in Grade Three”可知，此处表示从过去持续到现在的动作，应使用现在完成时，其结构为have/has+过去分词。主语Most students为复数，助动词用have，learn的过去分词为learned。故填have learned。 7.Lily, together with her classmates, ________ (keep) on practicing her speech since she decided to join the competition. has kept 【详解】句意：莉莉自从决定参加比赛以来，就和同学们一起坚持练习演讲。句中“since she decided to join the competition”为现在完成时的标志性时间状语，提示动作从过去开始一直持续到现在，应用现在完成时。现在完成时结构为“have/has + 过去分词”，主语Lily为单数第三人称，助动词用has；keep的过去分词为kept。 8.My father ________ (go) to Shanghai on business. He won’t come back until next week. has gone 【详解】句意：我爸爸去上海出差了，他要到下周才回来。后一句He won’t come back until next week.说明人现在在上海，没回来，用has gone to表示去了某地，人现在不在原地，还没回来。 9.The scholar’s influence is still strong though he ________ (die) for 40 years. has been dead 【详解】句意：这位学者虽然已经去世40年了，但他的影响力仍然很强。句中时间状语“for 40 years”表示一段持续的时间，要求使用现在完成时，且动词需为延续性动词。die是短暂性动词，需转换为延续性表达“be dead”，因此用has been dead。 10.—When ________ you ________ (marry)?   —In 2020. So I ________ (marry) for 6 years. did marry have been married 【详解】句意：——你们什么时候结的婚？——在2020年。所以我已经结婚6年了。第一句中“In 2020”可知，问句是询问过去结婚这个动作发生的时间，应用一般过去时，一般过去时的特殊疑问句结构为“特殊疑问词+did+主语+动词原形+其他”，所以第一空填did，第二空填动词原形marry；第二句中“for 6 years”表示一段时间，是现在完成时的标志词，且marry是短暂性动词，不能和一段时间连用，要转化为延续性动词be married，现在完成时的结构为“have/has+过去分词”，主语是I，所以用have been married。 三、语法选择 Qomolangma is known as 30 highest mountain in the world. It is 8,848 meters 31 and covered with snow 32 year round. 33 it is extremely cold, many climbers still try to reach its top. But our world has other wonders too. Elephants are the largest land animals. An adult elephant can be 4 meters tall and weigh 34 6,000 kg! Pandas, however, are 35 popular animals in China and they are now a symbol of China. They mainly live in Sichuan and eat bamboo. Last summer, I visited the Chengdu Research Base with my parents. While we 36 through the park, we saw baby pandas playing. A worker told us that they 37 over 100 pandas since 1990. She said, “Pandas are 38 than elephants, but they need our protection too.” This trip taught me that all animals are important. We must protect them together and show some love 39 them. 1．A．a B．an C．the D．/ 2．A．high B．higher C．highest D．the highest 3．A．all B．none C．both D．neither 4．A．Although B．Because C．So D．But 5．A．near B．nearly C．nearby D．nearest 6．A．the most B．more C．most D．much 7．A．walk B．walked C．were walking D．are walking 8．A．saves B．saved C．have saved D．is saving 9．A．smaller B．small C．smallest D．much small 10．A．to B．at C．for D．with 1．C 2．A 3．A 4．A 5．B 6．A 7．C 8．C 9．A 10．A 【导语】本文介绍了珠穆朗玛峰、大象、熊猫等世界奇观，并讲述了作者去年夏天参观成都研究基地的经历，强调了保护动物的重要性。 【详解】1．句意：珠穆朗玛峰是世界上最高的山。 a一个，不定冠词，修饰以辅音音素开头的单词；an一个，不定冠词，修饰以元音音素开头的单词；the这个，定冠词，表特指；/不填。根据“highest mountain in the world”可知，此处是“the+最高级+比较范围”的结构，表示“在……中最……”。故选C。 2．句意：它高8848米，终年积雪。 high高的，形容词原级；higher更高的，形容词比较级；highest最高的，形容词最高级；the highest最高的，形容词最高级前加定冠词。根据“8, 848meters”可知，此处是描述珠穆朗玛峰的高度，用原级即可。故选A。 3．句意：它高8848米，终年积雪。 all所有的；none没有一个；both两者都；neither两者都不。根据“covered with snow...year round”可知，此处是固定短语all year round表示“全年，终年”。故选A。 4．句意：尽管那里非常冷，许多登山者仍然试图到达山顶。 Although尽管；Because因为；So所以；But但是。根据“it is extremely cold, many climbers still try to reach its top”可知，前后两句是让步关系，用although引导让步状语从句。故选A。 5．句意：一头成年大象可以长到4米高，重近6000公斤！ near在……附近；nearly几乎；nearby附近的；nearest最近的。根据“weigh...6, 000 kg”可知，此处指重量将近6000公斤，用nearly修饰。故选B。 6．句意：然而，熊猫是中国最受欢迎的动物，现在它们是中国的象征。 the most最多的，最高级；more更多的，比较级；most最多的，最高级；much许多，修饰不可数名词。根据“popular animals in China”可知，此处指在中国最受欢迎的动物，用最高级，且最高级前加定冠词the。故选A。 7．句意：当我们正在公园里散步时，我们看到了熊猫宝宝在玩耍。 walk散步，动词原形；walked散步，动词过去式；were walking正在散步，过去进行时；are walking正在散步，现在进行时。根据“While we...through the park”可知，此处是while引导的时间状语从句，从句用进行时，结合“saw”可知，此处用过去进行时。故选C。 8．句意：一位工作人员告诉我们，自1990年以来，他们已经拯救了100多只大熊猫。 saves拯救，动词三单形式；saved拯救，动词过去式；have saved拯救，现在完成时；is saving拯救，现在进行时。根据“since 1990”可知，此处用现在完成时。故选C。 9．句意：她说：“熊猫比大象小，但它们也需要我们的保护。” smaller更小的，形容词比较级；small小的，形容词原级；smallest最小的，形容词最高级；much small错误表达。根据“than elephants”可知，此处用比较级。故选A。 10．句意：我们必须一起保护它们，并向它们表达我们的爱。 to到；at在；for为了；with和……一起。根据“show some love...them”可知，此处是固定短语show sth. to sb.表示“向某人展示某物”。故选A。 四、语法填空 用所给单词的适当形式填空。 Have you ever tried geocaching (地理寻宝)? It is a modern outdoor activity that 1 (become) very popular in recent years. People around the world enjoy it as a fun way to explore new places. In geocaching, players use a GPS device or a smartphone 2 (find) hidden containers called “geocaches”. These containers are hidden in parks, forests, cities, and even underwater. Each geocache usually 3 (contain) a logbook where players can write their names and the date they found it. The game 4 (start) in 2000 when the US government made GPS signals available to the public. Since then, millions of geocaches 5 (hide) in over 190 countries. Some are easy to find, while others require climbing or diving. One of the 6 (great) things about geocaching is that it takes you to places you might never visit otherwise. You may discover a beautiful waterfall, an old stone bridge, or a 7 (hide) garden while searching for a geocache. Many families enjoy geocaching because it is a great way 8 (spend) time together outdoors. Children love the excitement of the search, and parents appreciate the chance to teach their kids about nature and map 9 (read). If you are looking for a new hobby that combines adventure with 10 (explore), geocaching might be the perfect choice for you. 1．has become 2．to find 3．contains 4．started 5．have been hidden 6．greatest 7．hidden 8．to spend 9．reading 10．exploration 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了“地理寻宝”(geocaching) 这一现代户外活动的玩法、起源、特点及其对家庭活动的意义。 1．句意：它是一种现代户外活动，近年来变得非常受欢迎。时间状语“in recent years”与现在完成时连用。主语“that”指代先行词“activity”，为第三人称单数，助动词用has，become的过去分词为become。 2．句意：在地理寻宝中，玩家使用GPS设备或智能手机来寻找被称为“地理藏宝盒”的隐藏容器。“use sth. to do sth.”是固定搭配，意为“用某物做某事”，应用动词不定式to find。 3．句意：每个地理藏宝盒通常包含一个日志本，玩家可以在上面写下他们的名字和找到的日期。主语“Each geocache”为第三人称单数，且“usually”表示一般现在时，谓语动词应用三单形式contains。 4．句意：这项游戏始于2000年，当时美国政府向公众开放了GPS信号。时间状语“in 2000”表示过去时间，应用一般过去时，谓语动词应用过去式started。 5．句意：从那以后，数百万个地理藏宝盒被藏在190多个国家。“Since then”是现在完成时的标志，且“geocaches”与“hide”是被动关系，应用现在完成时的被动语态have been hidden。 6．句意：地理寻宝最棒的一点是，它会带你去那些你可能永远不会去的地方。“one of the+形容词最高级+复数名词”是固定结构，意为“最……之一”，应用great的最高级形式greatest。 7．句意：在寻找地理藏宝盒的过程中，你可能会发现一处美丽的瀑布、一座古老的石桥，或者一个隐藏的花园。此处需要形容词修饰名词“garden”，“hide”的形容词形式是hidden“隐藏的”。 8．句意：许多家庭喜欢地理寻宝，因为这是一个在户外共度时光的好方式。结构“a great way to do sth.”表示“做某事的好方式”，应用不定式作后置定语。 9．句意：父母很珍惜这个机会，可以教孩子们关于自然和地图阅读的知识。空格处与“nature”并列作介词“about”的宾语，需用名词形式。“map reading”意为“地图阅读”，固定搭配。 10．句意：如果你正在寻找一种将冒险与探索结合起来的新爱好，地理寻宝可能是你的完美选择。结构“combine A with B”要求A和B词性保持一致，此处“adventure”是名词，因此with后也需使用名词形式，explore的名词形式是exploration。 19 / 21 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $