第01讲 Unit 1 The Changing World（知识全梳理&考点精准练）（暑假预习）2026-2027学年九年级英语新教材人教版

第01讲 Unit 1 The Changing World （知识全梳理&考点精准练） 一、重点单词 18 / 18 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 _______________　n.短缺 _________________　n.土壤 ___________　　adj.铺满沙子的; 含沙的 ______________　n.政府 ___________　　n.&v.支持 ____________　　n.玉米；谷物 _______________　　n.铁路 _____________　　n.产品 _____________　　adv.大大地；非常 ______________　　adj.社会主义的n.社会主义者 _______________　　n.住房；住宅 ______________　　adj.电子的 ________________　　n.泥土；尘土 ________________　　adj.宽的；宽阔的 ______________　　n.首都 _______________　adj.方便的 _______________　　n.生意；商业 _______________　　n.容易；自在 ________________　　n.经理 __________________　　adj.狭窄的 ________________　　n.村民 ____________　　v.(led /led/,led)带领；过（某种生活）n.领先地位；主角 ____________　　adj.低年级的；初级的 ____________　　n.公寓 _________________　　n. 讨论 二、重点词组 1.___________________带来；引起 2.__________________被…覆盖 3.____________________缺乏… 4.___________________一直 5.__________________从那时起 6.___________________相当多 7.___________________回来 8._____________一些，几个 9.___________________成吨的；许多；大量 10.___________________遍及 l1._______________按某人的意见；据某人看来 12._________________很久；很长时间 13._________________去过（某地） ___________________去了（某地） 14.__________________也；还；并且；除…之外（还） l5.____________________发生；举行 16.___________________成千上万的 17.____________________因此，结果 18._________________在…...和…...之间 19._______________到达 20.________________ 把…...缩短/削减到… 21.___________________超过，多于 22._________________许多；很 23.__________________对…感到满意 24.___________________准时 25._________________轻而易举地 26._______________________遥远 27.________________________互相 28.__________________听说 29.______________________作为…而闻名 30.____________________和…不同 31.__________________小学 32.___________________例如 33.___________________离…远 34._________________也 35.___________________保持不变 36.___________________…的数量 三、用法集萃 1._______________过去常常做某事 _____________被用来做某事 ______________习惯于做某事 2.__________________ 越来越…... 3.______________________ 开始做某事 4.___________________ …....得多 5._____________________ 能够做某事 6.____________________________ 下定决心做某事 7.__________________ 喜欢做某事 8.____________________(对某人来说)做某事是…...的。 9.___________________ 做某事花费(某人)一段时间。 l0.______________________ 使得(某人)做某事… 1、It took half a day to reach the town.到达镇上花费半天时间。（教材第2页，1c) (1)It takes( Sb )some time to do sth.做事花费（某人）一段时间。 　其中it为形式主语，真正的主语是后面的动词不定式（短语）。 It took us three hours to repair the bike.我们花了三个小时修理这辆自行车。 形式主语 真正的主语 【拓展】“It takes sb some time to do sth”可以转换成 “人+spend(s)+时间+doing sth” 或“人+spend(s)+时间+on sth”结构。 It took me three days to finish the work.我花了三天时间完成了这项工作。 =I spent three days finishing the work. =I spent three days on the work. 2)辨析：reach,arrive与get 三者均有“到达”之意，但用法不同。 reach 及物动词 reach+地点名词 arrive 不及物动词 arrive in+大地点; arrive at+小地点 get 不及物动词 get to+地点名词 Jack will reach Paris tomorrow.　杰克明天将到达巴黎。 They arrived in London last night.　昨晚他们到达了伦敦。 He arrived at the park early.　他早早就到公园了。 You should get to the station before 8: 00 a.m.　你应该在上午8点前到达车站。 【注意】当arrive和 get后接地点副词here,there,home等时，地点副词前不加介词。 My father arrives/gets home at five o'clock every day. 我爸爸每天五点钟到家。 【即练1】—How long did you ______ your homework yesterday evening? —Two hours. A. take finishing B. spend finishing C. take to finish D. spend to finish 【即练2】We ______ the small village at 6 p.m. last Sunday. A. arrived B. got C. reached D. arrived at 【即练3】When did your sister ______ home yesterday? A. arrive at B. get to C. reach to D. arrive 2、Going to school by bus took nearly 40minutes over rough roads.坐公共汽车上学，在崎岖的路上花费将近40分钟。（教材第2页，lc) (1)动名词（短语）作主语 　　going to school by bus是动名词短语，在句中作主语。单个动名词（短语）作主语，谓语动词用单数形式。 Reading English every morning helps improve your pronunciation. 每天早上读英语有助于提高你的发音水平。 Helping others makes the world warmer.　帮助他人让世界更温暖。 (2)over〔介词〕 ①穿越；从一边到另一边 They ran over the grass. 他们跑过草地。 There is a bridge over the river.　河上有一座桥。 ②多于，超过相当于more than。 There are over forty students in his class.　他班里有40多名学生。　 ③越过 Tom jumped over the wall.　　汤姆跳过了那堵墙。 ④在……正上方 They held a large umbrella over her.　他们给她撑起了一把大伞。 ⑤遍及 They travelled all over the world. 他们游遍了全世界。 【即练1】______ English newspapers every day ______ good for your writing skills. A. Read; is B. Reading; is C. Read; are D. Reading; are 【即练2】There are ______ fifty students in Grade Eight. It means more than fifty. A. across B. over C. above D. on 【即练3】There is a big stone bridge ______ the river in our town. A. on B. above C. over D. through 3、They used to have to travel far to see a doctor.他们过去得去很远的地方看医生。(教材第2页，1c) 辨析： used to do sth, be used to do sth与 be used to doing sth used to do sth 过去(常常)做某事 主语为人或物 表示过去经常发生的动作 be used to do sth 被用来做某事 主语多为物 强调某物的用途，与 be used for doing sth同义 be used to doing sth 习惯于做某事 主语为人或物 表示过去或现在的习惯性动作，与get used to doing sth同义 He used to be very shy and afraid to speak in public.　　他以前很害羞，不敢在公众面前讲话。 This big hall is used to hold different kinds of school activities.　这个大厅被用来举办各种学校活动。 My uncle is used to walking for an hour after dinner every day.　我叔叔习惯每天晚饭后散步一小时。 【即练1】My brother ______ get up late, but now he ______ getting up early. A. used to; is used to B. is used to; used to C. used to; used to D. is used to; is used to 【即练2】Wood ______ make paper in many factories. A. used to B. is used to C. is used to doing D. was used to 【即练3】She ______ live in the countryside, so she ______ the quiet life there. A. used to; gets used to B. gets used to; used to C. used to; used to D. is used to; gets used to 4、The hills were covered with sand.山上覆盖着沙子。（教材第2页，1c) be covered with.被···覆盖；为被动形式，其主动形式为cover...with.“用......覆盖......”。 The ground is covered with thick white snow in winter.　冬天,地面被厚厚的白雪覆盖着。 Please cover the food with a clean cloth before you leave.　在你离开之前，请用一块干净的布盖住食物。 【拓展】　cover ①〔及物动词〕覆盖 Thick glass covers the top of the building.　厚厚的玻璃覆盖着这座建筑物的顶部。 ②〔及物动词〕报道,电视报道　The journalist is covering the international sports meeting.　这位记者正在报道国际运动会。 ③〔可数名词〕封面；罩子 I like the book because its cover is very beautiful.　我喜欢这本书,因为它的封面很漂亮 【即练1】The mountain ______ green trees all year round. A. covers with B. is covered with C. covers D. is covered 【即练2】Please ______ the bowl ______ a plate to keep it clean. A. cover; with B. cover; of C. be covered; with D. be covered; by 【即练3】The reporter will ______ the big sports match next week. A. cover with B. cover C. be covered with D. covers 5、farmland shortage耕地短缺（教材第3页，2a) shortage〔名词〕短缺；不足；缺少the shortage of.....的短缺/不足 Many people are worried about food shortage in the future.　很多人担心未来会出现食物短缺。 The shortage of doctors has become a big problem.医生短缺已经成为一个大问题。 【即练1】______ water is a serious problem in some dry areas. A. Short B. Shortage C. The shortage of D. Short of 【即练2】Many villages face a ______ of farm workers these days. A. short B. shortage C. shortness D. shorter 【即练3】People pay more attention to the ______ energy now. A. shortage of B. short of C. short D. shortage 6、lack of technology技术缺（教材第3页，2a) lack ①〔名词〕缺乏；不足　a lack of.......的缺乏 A lack of sleep is bad for your health.　睡眠不足对你的健康有害。 ②〔及物动词〕缺乏；没有 They lack the experience to finish the task.　他们缺乏完成这项任务的经验。 【即练1】______ exercise makes lots of students feel tired every day. A. Lack B. A lack of C. Lacking of D. Lack for 【即练2】Many small villages ______ medical resources at present. A. lack of B. lack C. are lack of D. have lack 【即练3】The plan failed because of ______ support from local people. A. lack B. lack of C. a lack of D. lacking 7、There used to be sandstorms all the time, and the fields were getting smaller and smaller.过去一直有沙尘暴，而且田地变得越来越小。（教材第3页，2c) 比较级+and+比较级 越来越...... 　通过在单词前加more构成的比较级，用“more and more+形容词/副词原级”表示“越来越......”。 If we protect the environment, the air will become fresher and fresher. 如果我们保护环境,空气将会变得越来越清新。 The boy is doing his homework better and better.这个男孩作业做得越来越好。 Our city is becoming more and more beautiful.　我们的城市正变得越来越美丽。 【即练1】The trees turn ______ in spring day by day. A. green and green B. greener and greener C. more green and more green D. more greener 【即练2】As he practices every day, he plays the piano ______. A. well and well B. better and better C. more well and more well D. more and more well 【即练3】China is becoming ______ powerful in the world. A. more powerful and more powerful B. powerful and powerful C. more and more powerful D. much powerful 8、They began planting it in sandy areas,with the government's support.在政府的支持下，他们开始在沙地里种植这种灌木。(教材第3页，2c) (1)sandy〔形容词〕铺满沙子的；含沙的 People here used to live in the sandy area and lived a hard life. 这里的人们过去生活在多沙地区，过着艰苦的生活。 The soil here is very sandy, so it is not easy to grow plants. 这里的土壤多沙，所以不容易种植植物。 (2)support ①〔不可数名词〕支持；帮助 give support to sb 给予某人支持 in support of 支持...... We should give support to children in need.　我们应该向有需要的孩子们提供支持。 We held a meeting in support of environmental protection.　我们举行了一次会议支持环境保护。 ②〔及物动词〕支持 　support sb in(doing)sth 在（做）某事上支持某人 Our teachers always support us in our after-school activities.我们的老师总是在课外活动方面支持我们。 ③〔及物动词〕抚养；赡养；支撑 It's their duty to work hard and support their families.　努力工作、养家糊口是他们的责任。 【即练1】Many people spoke ______ the new rule to protect wild animals. A. support B. in support of C. give support to D. supporting of 【即练2】My parents always ______ me ______ taking part in English speech competitions. A. support; in B. support; to C. give support; in D. give support; to 【即练3】After his father passed away, he had to work hard to ______ his whole family. A. give support B. support C. support in D. support to 9、I used to grow a few vegetables on a small farm to sell at the local market.过去我在一小块农田里种些蔬菜，拿到当地市场去卖。（教材第4页，3a) 　动词不定式（短语）作目的状语 　to sell at the local market为动词不定式短语，在句中作目的状语。动词不定式（短语）作目的状语时，可位于句首，用逗号与句子其他部分隔开，也可位于句末。 To protect the environment, we should plant more trees.　为了保护环境，我们应该种更多的树。 We will save water to make our world better.　为了让我们的世界变得更美好，我们会节约用水。 【即练1】She gets up early every morning ______ read English articles. A. For B. to C. so D. and 【即练2】______ keep healthy, many students take exercise after school. A. To B. For C. So as D. In order 【即练3】People plant more trees ______ stop the sand from moving into cities. A. stopping B. stop C. to stop D. stopped 10、Have you been to the new library yet?你去过新图书馆吗？（教材第5页，4b) 辨析：yet与already yet 已经；仍然；还 用于句末 多用于疑问句或否定句，在疑问句中意为“已经”，在否定句中意为“还” already 已经，早已 用于句中或句末 多用于肯定句，用于疑问句时，表示“惊奇；意外”之意 Have you cleaned your room yet?　你打扫房间了吗？ They haven't come back from school yet.　他们还没有从学校回来。 He has already finished his homework.　他已经做完作业了。 Have you known the result of the exam already? 你都已经知道考试结果了?(表惊奇) 【即练1】My father has ______ bought me a new English dictionary. A. yet B. already C. never D. just now 【即练2】The students haven’t handed in their math papers ______. A. already B. yet C. ever D. once 【即练3】—Have you visited the museum ______? —Yes, I’ve ______ visited it three times. A. yet; already B. already; yet C. yet; yet D. already; already 11、There are sections with books about science and Chinese culture, as well as a huge section with children's books.有关于科学和中国文化的书籍专区，还有一个很大的儿童书籍区。（教材第5页，4b) as well as也；还；并且；除·..之外（还）常用来连接两个并列的成分，它强调的是前一项，后一项只是顺便提及。 He can speak English as well as French.　他会说法语,也会说英语。 She is good at playing the piano as well as singing English songs.　她擅长唱英文歌，也擅长弹钢琴。 【注意】　as well as 连接两个成分作主语时,谓语动词的单复数形式要与前面的主语的数保持一致。 Tom as well as his friends goes to school by bike. 汤姆和他的朋友都骑自行车上学。 【即练1】Lucy as well as her sisters ______ interested in painting. A. are B. is C. were D. be 【即练2】My brother likes reading novels as well as ______ basketball. A. play B. to play C. playing D. plays 【即练3】He learns math as well as physics. 这句话的含义是______ A. 他物理学得和数学一样好 B. 他除了学物理，还学数学 C. 他数学比物理学得好 D. 他物理比数学学得好 12、This made it difficult for locals to bring products to the market or to develop industry.这使得当地人很难把产品运到市场，也很难发展工业。（教材第5页，4c) make it+形容词(+ for sb )+ to do sth使得（某人）做某事... 在此结构中，it为形式宾语，后面的动词不定式短语是真正宾语。常见的有相同用法的动词还有think 和 find。 The use of computers has made it possible for more people to work at home.　电脑的使用让更多的人在家工作成为可能。 I think it important to protect the environment.　我认为保护环境很重要。 She finds it relaxing to listen to music after school.她发现放学后听音乐很令人放松。 【即练1】The new rules make it easy ______ us ______ develop good learning habits. A. to; for B. for; to C. of; to D. to; of 【即练2】Most teenagers find ______ enjoyable ______ take part in outdoor activities. A. it; to B. that; to C. it; / D. this; for 【即练3】We think ______ important ______ keep quiet in the reading room. A. it; of B. that; to C. it; to D. this; to 13、Now great changes have taken place.现在已经发生了巨大的变化。（教材第5页，4c) 辨析：take place与happen take place 通常指按照计划或安排而“发生”；还可表示“举行；举办” 强调计划性 happen 指毫无计划的突然“发生”;还可表示“碰巧” 强调偶然性 A lot of changes have taken place in people's life recently.　最近,在人们的生活中发生了很多变化。 Many important events will take place in our city next year.　明年我们城市将举办许多重要的活动。 No one knows what will happen in the future.　没有人知道将来会发生什么。 【注意】　take place 与 happen 都不用于被动语态。 【即练1】The school art festival ______ next month as we planned. A. will happen B. will take place C. happens D. is taken place 【即练2】A strange thing ______ to me on my way home last night. A. took place B. was happened C. happened D. was taken place 【即练3】Many great changes ______ in this small town during the past five years. A. have happened B. have taken place C. are happening D. are taken place 14、The government has built thousands of kilometres of highways, railways, and wide roads.政府修建了数千千米的公路、铁路和宽阔的道路。（教材第5页，4c) (1)thousands of成千上万的，数千的，许许多多的；其后接可数名词复数，表示不确切的数目。 thousand 是数词，意为“千”，当前面有具体数词修饰表确切数目时，其后不加-s,也不与of 连用。类似的词还有hundred(百)，million(百万)等。 Thousands of visitors come to visit this museum every year.　每年有成千上万的游客来参观这个博物馆。　　 There are over two thousand students in our school.我们学校有两千多名学生。 (2) wide〔形容词〕宽的；宽阔的；广泛的 This road is about ten metres wide.　这条路大约十米宽。 There is a wide street in front of our school.　我们学校前面有一条宽阔的街道。 English is a language with wide use around the world. 英语是在世界上广泛使用的语言。 【即练1】_____ trees are planted on the hills every spring. A. Two thousands B. Thousands of C. Two thousand of D. Thousand of 【即练2】The factory produces three ______ bikes every month. A. thousand B. thousands C. thousand of D. thousands of 【即练3】We need to read more books to get ______ knowledge. A. wide B. widely C. big D. large 15、As a result, the lives of local people have improved. 结果，当地人的生活得到了改善。(教材第5页,4c) 　　as a result因此，结果 He didn't prepare for the exam. As a result, he didn't pass it.　他没有为考试做准备,结果没有及格。 【拓展】as a result of..因为/由于......；后面跟名词（短语）、代词，相当于because of。 As a result of the earthquake, many people became homeless.　由于地震,许多人变得无家可归了。 =Because of the earthquake, many people became homeless. 【即练1】He missed the early bus. ______, he was late for school. A. As a result of B. As a result C. Because D. Because of 【即练2】______ bad weather, we have to put off our trip to the mountain. A. As a result B. As a result of C. So D. Though 【即练3】The river was seriously polluted ______ factories poured waste water into it. A. as a result of B. because C. because of D. as a result 16、In 2017, the new 480-kilometre Mombasa-Nairobi railway was opened. 2017年，全新的480千米蒙巴萨-内罗毕铁路正式通车。（教材第6页，1b) 　　复合形容词；480-kilometre意为“480千米的”，是一个复合形容词，其结构为“数词-可数名词单数”，另外也有“数词-可数名词单数-形容词”结构的复合形容词。 【注意】 　　在复合形容词中，名词要用单数形式。复合形容词只能放在名词前作定语，不能作表语。 We will have a three-day holiday.　我们将有一个3天的假期。 She has an eight-year-old daughter. 她有一个8岁的女儿。 【即练1】We are going to have a ______ trip next summer. A. five days B. five-day C. five-days D. five day 【即练2】My uncle has a ______ son. He is very clever. A. ten years old B. ten-year-old C. ten-years-old D. ten year old 【即练3】The bridge is ______, and it is a ______ bridge. A. three kilometres long; three-kilometre-long B. three-kilometre-long; three kilometres long C. three kilometre long; three-kilometres-long D. three kilometres long; three-kilometres-long 17、Before then, the only transport links between Mombasa, Kenya's main port,and Nairobi, Kenya's capital, were rough roads and an old railway line built in 1901.在此之前，肯尼亚主要港口蒙巴萨与首都内罗毕之间仅有的交通路线是崎岖的公路和一条建于1901年的老旧铁路。（教材第6页，1b) (1)link ①〔名词〕交通路线；联系 a link between A and B A与B之间的联系 The new railway is an important link between the two cities. 这条新铁路是这两座城市间重要的交通路线。 There is a close link between health and good habits. 健康和好习惯之间有着密切的联系。 ②〔动词〕连接；联系 　link A and B把A和B连接起来 　link A to B把A与B联系起来；把A连接到B上 The new bridge links the city and the small town.这座新桥连接了城市和小镇。 We can link this problem to our daily life.　我们可以把这个问题与我们的日常生活联系起来。 (2)capital〔名词〕首都；省会 　　the capital of.....的首都/省会 Beijing, the capital of China, is a beautiful and ancient city.　中国的首都北京是一座美丽又古老的城市。 Zhengzhou is the capital of Henan Province.　郑州是河南省的省会。 (3)过去分词短语作后置定语 　　an old railway line built in 1901意为“一条建于1901年的老旧铁路”，过去分词短语builtin 1901作后置定语，修饰前面的railway line。过去分词短语作定语时常放于被修饰词之后，且表示被动意义。 The Smiths have a daughter named Jessica.　史密斯夫妇有一个名叫杰茜卡的女儿。 I like songs sung by my father.　我喜欢爸爸唱的歌。 【拓展】过去分词短语作定语相当于一个关系从句。 　　I like the poems written by Li Bai.　我喜欢李白写的诗。 =I like the poems that were written by Li Bai. 【即练1】The high-speed rail ______ the big city ______ many small villages nearby. A. links; and B. links; with C. links; for D. links; between 【即练2】There is a close ______ enough sleep ______ students’ study efficiency. A. link between; and B. link of; with C. link to; and D. link for; with 【即练3】I enjoy the old photos ______ my grandpa in his youth. A. took B. taken by C. taking by D. are taken by 18、However, the new railway, built with China's help, has already cut the travel time between Mombasa and Nairobi to about four hours for passengers.然而，这条在中国帮助下修建的新铁路，已经为乘客们将蒙巴萨和内罗毕之间的旅行时间缩短到大约4个小时。（教材第6页，1b) (1)辨析：however与but 　　两者均有“然而，但是”的意思，但用法不同。 however 副词 常作插入语,位于句首时,其后通常有逗号，位于句中时，前后均使用逗号，位于句尾时，其前有逗号 but 连词 表示很明显的对比,转折的意味比 however 要强，从语序上看，but 总是置于连接的分句开头 This task is difficult. However, we will try our best to finish it.　这个任务很难。然而，我们会尽全力完成它。 I want to help you, but I don't know how to do it. 我想帮你，但我不知道该怎么做。 (2)cut〔动词〕 ①缩短；削减 cut...to... 把......缩短/削减到....... We should cut the cost of our daily life.　我们应该削减日常生活的开支。 The new subway cuts the travel time from my home to school to less than 20 minutes. 　这条新地铁把从我家到学校的出行时间缩短到不到20分钟。 ②切；割；剪 He cut his finger by accident yesterday.　他昨天不小心割破了手指。 My mother cuts my hair every month.　我妈妈每个月给我剪头发。 【拓展】cut常见短语： cut up 切碎 cut down 砍倒；减少 cut off切掉；中断 cut in line 插队 【即练1】The exam was hard. ______, all the students passed it. A. But B. However C. Though D. So 【即练2】People shouldn’t ______ forests to make paper. A. cut up B. cut down C. cut off D. cut in 【即练3】The high-speed train cuts our travel time ______ two hours. A. into B. to C. for D. at 19、Local Kenyans have benefited a lot from the new railway.肯尼亚当地人从这条新铁路中受益匪浅。（教材第6页，1b) (1)Kenyan ①〔名词〕肯尼亚人；其复数形式是Kenyans。 The Kenyan told us a lot about his country.　这位肯尼亚人给我们讲了很多关于他国家的事。 Some Kenyans come to China to study or work. 一些肯尼亚人来中国学习或工作。 ②〔形容词〕肯尼亚的；肯尼亚人的 The Kenyan government is trying to develop its local education.　肯尼亚政府正努力发展当地教育。 Do you know about Kenyan living habits?　你了解肯尼亚人的生活习惯吗？ 【拓展】Kenya肯尼亚（国家名） Kenya is a beautiful country in Africa.　肯尼亚是非洲一个美丽的国家。 (2)benefit ①〔不及物动词〕得益于；受益 benefit from... 从......中受益 We will all benefit from the new subway in our city.　我们都将从我市新建的地铁中受益。 ②〔及物动词〕使受益 The new library will benefit every student in our school.　新图书馆将使我校的每一位学生受益。 ③〔名词〕优势；益处 be of great benefit to... 对......大有裨益 Doing sports every day is of great benefit to our health.　每天做运动对我们的健康大有益处。 【即练1】Everyone can ______ taking enough exercise in daily life. A. benefit B. benefit from C. benefit to D. benefit of 【即练2】Reading English newspapers is ______ our writing ability. A. great benefit to B. of great benefit to C. benefit from D. benefited 【即练3】The new community park ______ all the people living nearby. A. benefits from B. benefits C. is benefited D. benefits to 20、It is very convenient and doesn't cost much money.它既方便又不贵。（教材第6页，1b) convenient〔形容词〕方便的；be convenient for... 对......来说很方便 【注意】convenient意为“方便的”时，不能用人作主语。 　　It is convenient for sb to do sth.对某人来说做某事很方便。 The new bus stop is convenient for old people.　这个新公交站对老年人来说很方便。 【即练1】It is convenient for us to take the subway to school. 对我们来说，乘地铁上学很方便。 ______ to go to the library by light rail. A. We are convenient B. It’s convenient for us C. It’s convenient us D. We convenient 【即练2】The new community station ______ people who live nearby. A. convenient for B. is convenient for C. convenient to D. is convenient to 【即练3】—Why do you choose this neighborhood? —Because ______ to take the subway to my workplace. A. I am convenient B. it’s convenient for me C. it convenient for me D. I convenient 21、I am able to get to places on time and make business deals with ease.我能准时到达各地，轻而易举地谈成生意。（教材第6页，1b) (1)be able to do sth　能够做某事；其人称、数和时态的变化都体现在be动词上。 Though he was very tired, he was able to finish the work on time.　虽然他很累，但他能够按时完成工作。 If you keep practising, you will be able to speak English well.　如果你坚持练习，你将能够说好英语。 【拓展】be unable to do sth 不能做某事 He was unable to express himself clearly.　他不能清楚地表达自己的意思。 (2)辨析： on time与in time on time 准时，按时 指按规定时间做某事，强调不早不晚 in time 及时 强调正好赶上事先约定的时间，没有迟到；(be)in time for sth 表示“正赶上某事” We must hand in our homework on time everyday. 我们必须每天按时交作业。 They got to the station in time to catch the train. 他们及时赶到车站，赶上了火车。 If you run, you will be in time for the first class.　你如果跑过去，就能及时赶上第一节课。 (3)ease〔不可数名词〕容易；自在with ease(=easily)轻而易举地；毫不费力地 This computer is popular because of its good design and ease of use.这台电脑因设计巧妙、简单易用而广受欢迎。 He passed the English test with ease because he worked hard. 他因为学习努力，轻松地通过了这次英语测试。 【即练1】After two years’ training, she ______ swim across the big river last summer. A. can B. was able to C. is able to D. will be able to 【即练2】Hurry up! Or we won’t get to the classroom ______ the morning reading. A. on time B. in time for C. in time D. on time for 【即练3】With lots of practice, he solved all the difficult math problems ______. A. with ease B. at ease C. easy D. ease 22、the number of people who use the new train every year每年使用新火车的人数（教材第7页，1c) 辨析：the number of与a number of两者都接可数名词复数形式，但用法不同，具体如下： the number of …的数量 作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式 a number of 许多 可用large,.small等修饰number;作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式 The number of people using smartphones is becoming larger and larger. 使用智能手机的人数正变得越来越多。 I have read a number of famous novels during the winter holiday. 寒假期间我读了许多名著。 【即练1】The number of students in our class ______ fifty, and a number of them ______ good at English. A. is; are B. are; is C. is; is D. are; are 【即练2】______ trees have been planted along the river, and the number of them ______ over 3,000. A. A number of; is B. The number of; are C. A number of; are D. The number of; is 【即练3】—How many visitors are there? —______ visitors come here every day, and the number ______ growing. A. The number of; are B. A number of; is C. A number of; are D. The number of; is 23、Have you seen or heard of any similar changes in the world over the last several years??在过去几年里，你在世界上见过或听说过类似的变化吗？（教材第7页，1) hear of听说；相当于hear about,.表示间接听到或听说，不可用于进行时。 Nobody in our class has heard of that strange place.我们班里没人听说过那个奇怪的地方。 Did you hear of the new plan about our school trip? 你听说关于我们学校旅行的新计划了吗？ 【注意】hear of与hear about后面接名词或代词作宾语，不能接that从句 【拓展】hear from sb收到某人的来信/电子邮件/电话；得到某人的消息 How often do you hear from your brother? 你多久收到一次你哥哥的来信？ 【即练1】I haven’t ______ my pen pal for two months. I miss her very much. A. heard of B. heard from C. heard about D. heard 【即练2】Have you ______ the story about the old scientist? A. heard from B. heard of C. heard that D. heard out 【即练3】None of us ______ this village before, so we want to visit it. A. have heard from B. have heard of C. heard that D. hear from 24 、The bridge made it convenient for the villagers to travel across the river to the city.这座桥让村民们过河去城里变得很方便。（教材第8页，2b) 辨析：across,through,over与past It's very dangerous for children to run across the busy street. 孩子们跑过繁忙的街道是非常危险的。 The visitors walked through the beautiful park and enjoyed the fresh air.游客们穿过这座美丽的公园，享受着新鲜空气。 Look!A plane is flying over the high mountains in the distance.看！一架飞机正飞越远处的高山。 I go past a big library on my way to school every morning. 我每天早上上学路上经过一个大图书馆。 【即练1】Walk ______ the bridge, and you’ll see the park on your left. A. across B. through C. over D. past 【即练2】We drove ______ a long dark tunnel to get to the mountain village. A.across B. through C. over D. past 【即练3】When I walked ______ the shop, I saw a lovely cat in the window. A. over B. through C. past D. across 25、 Our farm has a lot of laying hens..我们农场有很多蛋鸡。（教材第8页，2） (1)现在分词（短语）作定语 laying是动词lay(下蛋)的现在分词，作定语，修饰名词hens。现在分词作定语，表示被修饰的名词与分词是主动关系。本句中，hens主动发出lay这个动作。单个的现在分词作定语，通常放在被修饰词前面。 a sleeping baby一个正在睡觉的婴儿 a running boy一个正在跑的男孩 【注意】现在分词短语作定语，放在被修饰词后面。 The girl singing in the classroom is my sister. 正在教室里唱歌的那个女孩是我妹妹。 (2)lay〔动词)(1aid,laid)产（卵）；下（蛋）；放置；摆放 This hen almost lays an egg every day. 这只母鸡差不多每天下一个蛋。 They're laying the table. 他们正在摆放餐具。 【注意】lay还可以作动词lie的过去式，意为“躺”。 He lay on the sofa and fell asleep. 他躺在沙发上睡着了。 【即练1】The young lady ______ songs under the tree is our music teacher. A. sing B. singing C. sings D. sang 【即练2】The hen ______ an egg every morning, and it ______ its eggs on the grass just now. A. lays; laid B. lies; lay C. lays; lay D. lies; laid 【即练3】Look at the cat ______ on the ground. It ______ there for an hour. A. lying; lay B. laying; laid C. lying; laid D. laying; lay 26、They feed on corn,vegetables,and insects,.它们以玉米、蔬菜和昆虫为食。（教材第8页，2b) feed〔动词)(fed,fed)给（人或动物）食物；喂养；饲养；进食 ①feed on以…为食 Pandas feed on bamboo.大熊猫以竹子为食。 ②feed sb/sth(om)sth 用某物喂养某人/某物 We feed sheep on grass. 我们用草喂绵羊。 ③feed sth to sb/sth 把某物喂给某人/某物 Don't feed bread to ducks. 不要拿面包喂鸭子。 【即练1】Cows ______ grass, so farmers grow lots of grass for them. A. feed to B. feed on C. feed with D. feed for 【即练2】Please don’t feed chocolate ______ small dogs. It’s bad for their health. A. on B. for C. to D. with 【即练3】Last year, my grandpa ______ rabbits ______ fresh vegetables every day. A. fed; on B. feed; to C. feeds; on D. fed; to 27、With support from the government,Wang Shanghai led a group of 369people who were determined to make the environment of Saihanba better..在政府的支持下，王尚海带领369名决心改善塞罕坝环境的人。（教材第8页，2c) lead ①〔及物动词)(led,led)带领；带路 He led the old man across the road.他带着这位老人过了马路。 ②〔及物动词〕(led,led)过（某种生活） We should lead a quiet and peaceful life.我们应该过平静安宁的生活。 ③〔名词〕领先地位；主角 Our team is in the lead now.我们队现在处于领先地位。 She plays the lead in the play.她在这部戏里扮演主角。 【拓展】leader(名词)领导者；领袖 He is an excellent leader.他是一位优秀的领导者。 【即练1】The guide ______ us to the top of the mountain yesterday. A. lead B. leads C. led D. leading 【即练2】Most farmers ______ a happy life in the countryside now. A. lead B. leads C. led D. leading 【即练3】Our football team is ______ after scoring two goals. A. in lead B. in the lead C. on lead D. on the lead 28、Today.Saihanba is known as"the green miracle”、如今，塞罕坝被誉为“绿色奇迹”。(教材第8页，2c) be known as作为…而闻名；相当于be famous as,后面接表示身份、职业、称号等的词。 Lu Xun is known as a great writer.鲁迅作为一名伟大的作家而闻名。 【拓展】be known for因…...而闻名相当于be famous for,后面接出名的原因。 Guilin is known for its beautiful mountains and rivers. 桂林因其美丽的山水而闻名。 【即练1】Jay Chou ______ a singer and he ______ his wonderful songs. A. is known for; is known as B. is known as; is known for C. known as; known for D. known for; known as 【即练2】Hangzhou ______ the West Lake all over the world. A. is known as B. is known for C. known as D. known for 【即练3】Mo Yan ______ a great Nobel Prize winner in literature. A. is known for B. known as C. is known as D. known for 29、Now that I am older,my life is different from when I was in primary school.既然我长大了，生活就和小学时的不一样了。（教材第9页，3a) be different from和…...不同 其反义短语为be the same as(和......一样)。 The culture in China is different from that in Western countries. 中国的文化和西方国家的文化不同。 Her way of thinking is quite different from yours. 她的思考方式和你的很不一样 This new bag is almost the same as the one I lost last month. 这个新包和我上个月丢的那个几乎一样。 注意：be different from和be the same as前后比较的人或物要是同类或对等。 【即练1】My new pencil box is different ______ my old one. A. as B. from C. with D. to 【即练2】This dress looks almost the same ______ the one you bought yesterday. A. from B. as C. for D. with 【即练3】—Is your hobby ______ your brother’s? —No. My hobby is ______ his. I like drawing while he likes playing basketball. A. the same as; different from B. different from; the same as C. same as; different from D. the same as; different with 30、I have become more confident in my studies and often attend group discussions.我在学习上变得更自信了，并且经常参加小组讨论。（教材第9页，3a) discussion〔名词〕讨论； have a discussion进行讨论 ；have a discussion about sth讨论某事 We will have a discussion about this plan after class.课后我们将讨论这个计划。 【即练1】We will ______ about the school trip tomorrow. A. have discussion B. have a discussion C. make a discussion D. do discussion 【即练2】Our class had a discussion ______ how to protect the environment yesterday. A. With B. about C. for D. to 【即练3】They ______ a warm discussion about the new rules just now. A. Have B. had C. will have D. are having 31、It's amazing how much we have achieved together.我们一起取得了这么多成就，真是太棒了。（教材第9页，3a) 辨析：amazing与amazed amazing令人惊奇的，令人惊喜的 常作定语或表语，说明事物，指某事物具有令人惊奇的特征 amazed大为惊奇的 常作表语，主语一般是人，说明人因某事或某物而感到吃惊 He saw an amazing film about space and technology yesterday..昨天他看了一部关于太空和科技的令人惊奇的电影。 I was amazed at her progress in English learning. 我对她在英语学习上的进步感到大为惊奇。 一、单项选择 1．Yang Lin ________ do morning exercises, but now he ________ doing Chinese kung fu. A．is used to; used to B．used to; is used to C．used to; is used for D．used to; used to 2．—There are more than 1,000 parks in Shenzhen and the air is so nice. —So it is. It ________ trees and flowers everywhere. A．is short of B．is covered with C．is connected with D．is communicated with 3．—In some mountain villages, children can’t get enough food and even have no chance to get a good education. —I’m sorry to hear that. We should ________ them. A．give advice to B．come up with C．give a call to D．give support to 4．If you want to improve your spoken English, you should do what you can ________ it. A．practise B．to practise C．practising D．practised 5．Tom as well as his classmate ________ in the music room now. A．sing B．sings C．is singing D．are singing 6．I find it easy _________ asleep in hot summer days. A．to fall B．fallen C．fell D．falling 7．Look at the ________ roads, a rainstorm must ________ last night. A．mud; happened B．mud; took place C．muddy; have taken place D．muddy; have happened 8．Every year, ________ wild animals jump over the river to run after the fresh grasses. A．thousands B．thousands of C．thousand of D．a thousand of 9．He didn’t work hard. ______ he failed the final exam. A．So that B．After all C．In a word D．As a result 10．We benefit a lot ________ the speech given ________ the science engineer. A．from; by B．with; from C．from; from D．by; by 二、单词拼写 11．Our team had a friendly ________ to plan every step of the work. (discuss) 12．Victoria Falls is one of the ________ (amaze) waterfalls in the world. 13．The ________ (sand) beach in Sanya is very popular with tourists. 14．This scenic ________ (attract) is one of the most popular in the country. 15．All the ________ (produce) from the factory pollute local soil. 16．My father is busy with his ________ (busy) in Shanghai these days, so he can’t come back home. 17．I met a ________ (village) on my way. Then I asked her the way to Sunshine Farm. 18．The rain ________ (short) makes crops grow slowly in Turpan every year. 19．The ______ (develop) of the wheel changed how humans moved and worked. 20．Volunteer work can ________ (great) change our attitude towards life. 三、完形填空 阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。 I grew up in a small village near Yancheng. When I was a little boy, the village was quiet and simple. Most villagers lived a hard life at that time, and I always dreamed of leaving the village to see the outside world. At the age of 7, I started to study in a primary school near my home. It was only a small house with three old classrooms. We had no modern teaching facilities, not even electric lights in winter. Every day, I 21 to school with my classmates along a muddy road. We spent nearly an hour on the way on rainy days. Thirty years has 22 since I left the village to study in the city. Last month, I went back to my hometown with my daughter. I was greatly 23 by what I saw. The old primary school has gone. 24 , there stands a big teaching building with a large playground. Students can have PE classes and use computers in bright classrooms. The roads in the village are all wide and clean. People no longer walk or ride bikes to the town. Most families have their own cars. The muddy roads have become a 25 of the past. Every family has colour TVs, computers and even smart home systems. People can 26 online at home, and even work from home now. My father told me that the government has 27 many new projects to improve villagers’ life. They built a community centre, a library and a nursing home for the 28 . Villagers can read books, take exercise and join different activities in their free time. The changes are not only in buildings, but also in people’s 29 . In the past, most villagers only cared about daily food and clothes. But now, they pay more attention to children’s education, their own health and the village environment. Many young people have come back to start their own 30 after college. They bring new ideas and technology to the village. When I was leaving, I looked at the modern houses and the smiling faces of the villagers. I felt so 31 of my hometown. It has changed so much, but the warm and kind 32 of the villagers has never changed. I know that my hometown will become even better in the future, 33 all the villagers are working hard together. The changes of my hometown are just a small 34 of the development of China. Over the past decades, China has made amazing progress in every field. Every Chinese is 35 for the great changes of our country, and we all believe that our motherland will have a brighter future. 21．A．ran B．walked C．drove D．rode 22．A．passed B．came C．left D．moved 23．A．attracted B．shocked C．moved D．pleased 24．A．However B．Anyway C．Instead D．Otherwise 25．A．thing B．part C．story D．memory 26．A．shop B．travel C．learn D．all the above 27．A．started B．finished C．stopped D．changed 28．A．young B．old C．poor D．rich 29．A．life B．ideas C．jobs D．families 30．A．families B．lives C．businesses D．houses 31．A．proud B．afraid C．tired D．careful 32．A．house B．heart C．nature D．look 33．A．if B．though C．because D．while 34．A．example B．number C．picture D．map 35．A．sorry B．responsible C．famous D．thankful 四、阅读理解 Changes in My Hometown My hometown is a small village in Jiangsu Province. Great changes have taken place there in the past ten years. Ten years ago, the roads in my hometown were narrow and dirty. There were only a few small shops. People lived in old houses. Most people went to work by bike or on foot. There was no park or library in the village. Children had no place to play or read after school. Now, the roads are wide and clean. Many new houses and tall buildings have been built. There are two big supermarkets and a new park. People can go shopping in the supermarkets and take a walk in the park after dinner. A new library was built last year. It has a lot of books and computers. Children can read books and surf the Internet there. People’s lives have also changed a lot. Many people have bought cars. They go to work by car. Some people have their own businesses. They become richer and richer. People also pay more attention to their health. They do exercise every morning. I have been away from my hometown for three years. I am very happy to see these changes. I hope my hometown will become more and more beautiful in the future. 36．Where is the writer’s hometown? A．In Zhejiang Province. B．In Jiangsu Province. C．In Shandong Province. D．In Anhui Province. 37．What were the roads like in the writer’s hometown ten years ago? A．Wide and clean. B．Narrow and dirty. C．Wide but dirty. D．Narrow but clean. 38．What was built last year in the writer’s hometown? A．A new park. B．Two big supermarkets. C．A new library. D．Many tall buildings. 39．Which of the following is NOT true according to the passage? A．People lived in old houses ten years ago. B．There was a park in the village ten years ago. C．Many people have bought cars now. D．People do exercise every morning now. 40．What can we infer from the passage? A．The writer doesn’t like his hometown. B．The writer will never go back to his hometown. C．The writer’s hometown has changed a lot. D．People in the writer’s hometown are not happy now. $第01讲 Unit 1 The Changing World （知识全梳理&考点精准练） 一、重点单词 18 / 18 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 shortage　n.短缺 soil 　n.土壤 sandy 　　adj.铺满沙子的; 含沙的 government　n.政府 support　　n.&v.支持 corn　　n.玉米；谷物 railway 　　n.铁路 product　　n.产品 greatly　　adv.大大地；非常 socialist　　adj.社会主义的n.社会主义者 housing　　n.住房；住宅 digital　　adj.电子的 dirt　　n.泥土；尘土 wide 　　adj.宽的；宽阔的 capital　　n.首都 convenient　adj.方便的 business 　　n.生意；商业 ease 　　n.容易；自在 manager 　　n.经理 narrow 　　adj.狭窄的 villager 　　n.村民 lead 　　v.(led /led/,led)带领；过（某种生活）n.领先地位；主角 junior　　adj.低年级的；初级的 flat 　　n.公寓 discussion　　n. 讨论 二、重点词组 1.bring about带来；引起 2.be covered with被…覆盖 3.a lack of缺乏… 4.all the time一直 5.since then从那时起 6.quite a lot相当多 7.come back回来 8.a few一些，几个a little少量的 9.tons of成吨的；许多；大量 10.all over遍及 l1.in one's opinion按某人的意见；据某人看来 12.for ages很久；很长时间 13.have been to去过（某地） have gone to去了（某地） 14.as well as也；还；并且；除…之外（还） l5.take place发生；举行 16.thousands of成千上万的 hundreds of成百上千的millions of数百万的 17.as a result因此，结果 18.between...and....在…...和…...之间 19.get to到达arrive in/at 20.cut...to... 把…...缩短/削减到… 21.more than超过，多于 22.a lot许多；很 23.be happy with对…感到满意 24.on time准时in time及时 25.with ease轻而易举地 26.far away遥远 27.each other互相 28.hear of/about听说 29.be known/famous as作为…而闻名 be known/famous for因…而闻名 30.be different from和…不同 31.primary school小学 junior high school初中 32.for example例如 33.be far from离…远 34.as well也 35.stay the same保持不变 36.the number of+可数名词复数…的数量 a number of+可数名词复数 许多… 三、用法集萃 1.used to do sth过去常常做某事 be used to do sth被用来做某事 be used to doing sth习惯于做某事 2.比较级+and+比较级 越来越…... 3.begin doing sth begin to do sth 开始做某事 4.much+比较级 …....得多 5.be able to do sth 能够做某事 6.be determined to do sth 下定决心做某事 7.enjoy doing sth 喜欢做某事 8.Itis+形容词(+for sb)+to do sth..(对某人来说)做某事是…...的。 9.It takes(sb)some time to do sth. 做某事花费(某人)一段时间。 l0.make it+形容词(+for sb)+to do sth 使得(某人)做某事… 1、It took half a day to reach the town.到达镇上花费半天时间。（教材第2页，1c) (1)It takes( Sb )some time to do sth.做事花费（某人）一段时间。 　其中it为形式主语，真正的主语是后面的动词不定式（短语）。 It took us three hours to repair the bike.我们花了三个小时修理这辆自行车。 形式主语 真正的主语 【拓展】“It takes sb some time to do sth”可以转换成 “人+spend(s)+时间+doing sth” 或“人+spend(s)+时间+on sth”结构。 It took me three days to finish the work.我花了三天时间完成了这项工作。 =I spent three days finishing the work. =I spent three days on the work. 2)辨析：reach,arrive与get 三者均有“到达”之意，但用法不同。 reach 及物动词 reach+地点名词 arrive 不及物动词 arrive in+大地点; arrive at+小地点 get 不及物动词 get to+地点名词 Jack will reach Paris tomorrow.　杰克明天将到达巴黎。 They arrived in London last night.　昨晚他们到达了伦敦。 He arrived at the park early.　他早早就到公园了。 You should get to the station before 8: 00 a.m.　你应该在上午8点前到达车站。 【注意】当arrive和 get后接地点副词here,there,home等时，地点副词前不加介词。 My father arrives/gets home at five o'clock every day. 我爸爸每天五点钟到家。 【即练1】—How long did you ______ your homework yesterday evening? —Two hours. A. take finishing B. spend finishing C. take to finish D. spend to finish 答案：B 解析：主语是人，用 spend，搭配 spend + 时间 + doing sth；take 主语通常为 it，排除 A、C；spend 后接动名词，D 格式错误。 【即练2】We ______ the small village at 6 p.m. last Sunday. A. arrived B. got C. reached D. arrived at 答案：C 解析：空格后直接接地点名词 the small village，reach 为及物动词可直接加地点；arrive 后需加 at/in，get 后要加 to，A、B 缺少介词，D 选项 at 与空格重复，故选 C。 【即练3】When did your sister ______ home yesterday? A. arrive at B. get to C. reach to D. arrive 答案：D 解析：home 是地点副词，arrive、get 后不加介词，排除 A、B；reach 是及物动词，直接加地点，不能加 to，C 错误。 2、Going to school by bus took nearly 40minutes over rough roads.坐公共汽车上学，在崎岖的路上花费将近40分钟。（教材第2页，lc) (1)动名词（短语）作主语 　　going to school by bus是动名词短语，在句中作主语。单个动名词（短语）作主语，谓语动词用单数形式。 Reading English every morning helps improve your pronunciation. 每天早上读英语有助于提高你的发音水平。 Helping others makes the world warmer.　帮助他人让世界更温暖。 (2)over〔介词〕 ①穿越；从一边到另一边 They ran over the grass. 他们跑过草地。 There is a bridge over the river.　河上有一座桥。 ②多于，超过相当于more than。 There are over forty students in his class.　他班里有40多名学生。　 ③越过 Tom jumped over the wall.　　汤姆跳过了那堵墙。 ④在……正上方 They held a large umbrella over her.　他们给她撑起了一把大伞。 ⑤遍及 They travelled all over the world. 他们游遍了全世界。 【即练1】______ English newspapers every day ______ good for your writing skills. A. Read; is B. Reading; is C. Read; are D. Reading; are 答案：B 解析：动名词短语作主语，动词要变为动名词 Reading；单个动名词作主语，谓语动词用单数 is。 【即练2】There are ______ fifty students in Grade Eight. It means more than fifty. A. across B. over C. above D. on 答案：B 解析：over 此处意为 “超过，多于”，等同于 more than；across 表示穿过，above 泛指上方，on 指接触表面之上。 【即练3】There is a big stone bridge ______ the river in our town. A. on B. above C. over D. through 答案：C 解析：over 表示物体不接触、在某物正上方；on 指紧贴表面；above 侧重斜上方；through 表示穿过内部，桥在河面正上方用 over。 3、They used to have to travel far to see a doctor.他们过去得去很远的地方看医生。(教材第2页，1c) 辨析： used to do sth, be used to do sth与 be used to doing sth used to do sth 过去(常常)做某事 主语为人或物 表示过去经常发生的动作 be used to do sth 被用来做某事 主语多为物 强调某物的用途，与 be used for doing sth同义 be used to doing sth 习惯于做某事 主语为人或物 表示过去或现在的习惯性动作，与get used to doing sth同义 He used to be very shy and afraid to speak in public.　　他以前很害羞，不敢在公众面前讲话。 This big hall is used to hold different kinds of school activities.　这个大厅被用来举办各种学校活动。 My uncle is used to walking for an hour after dinner every day.　我叔叔习惯每天晚饭后散步一小时。 【即练1】My brother ______ get up late, but now he ______ getting up early. A. used to; is used to B. is used to; used to C. used to; used to D. is used to; is used to 答案：A 解析：第一空 used to do 表示 “过去常常做某事”；第二空 be used to doing 意为 “习惯于做某事”。 【即练2】Wood ______ make paper in many factories. A. used to B. is used to C. is used to doing D. was used to 答案：B 解析：主语 wood（木头）为物品，be used to do sth 表示 “被用来做某事”。 【即练3】She ______ live in the countryside, so she ______ the quiet life there. A. used to; gets used to B. gets used to; used to C. used to; used to D. is used to; gets used to 答案：A 解析：前半句 used to live 过去住在乡下；后半句 get used to sth/doing 习惯那里安静的生活。 4、The hills were covered with sand.山上覆盖着沙子。（教材第2页，1c) be covered with.被···覆盖；为被动形式，其主动形式为cover...with.“用......覆盖......”。 The ground is covered with thick white snow in winter.　冬天,地面被厚厚的白雪覆盖着。 Please cover the food with a clean cloth before you leave.　在你离开之前，请用一块干净的布盖住食物。 【拓展】　cover ①〔及物动词〕覆盖 Thick glass covers the top of the building.　厚厚的玻璃覆盖着这座建筑物的顶部。 ②〔及物动词〕报道,电视报道　The journalist is covering the international sports meeting.　这位记者正在报道国际运动会。 ③〔可数名词〕封面；罩子 I like the book because its cover is very beautiful.　我喜欢这本书,因为它的封面很漂亮 【即练1】The mountain ______ green trees all year round. A. covers with B. is covered with C. covers D. is covered 答案：B 解析：be covered with 固定搭配，表示 “被…… 覆盖”；主语 mountain 和树木是被动关系，必须用被动结构，搭配介词 with。 【即练2】Please ______ the bowl ______ a plate to keep it clean. A. cover; with B. cover; of C. be covered; with D. be covered; by 答案：A 解析：本句为祈使句，使用主动结构 cover...with...，意为 “用…… 盖住……”。 【即练3】The reporter will ______ the big sports match next week. A. cover with B. cover C. be covered with D. covers 答案：B 解析：cover 此处为动词，含义 “采访、报道”；will 后接动词原形，不需要搭配介词 with。 5、farmland shortage耕地短缺（教材第3页，2a) shortage〔名词〕短缺；不足；缺少the shortage of.....的短缺/不足 Many people are worried about food shortage in the future.　很多人担心未来会出现食物短缺。 The shortage of doctors has become a big problem.医生短缺已经成为一个大问题。 【即练1】______ water is a serious problem in some dry areas. A. Short B. Shortage C. The shortage of D. Short of 答案：C 解析：固定搭配 the shortage of …… 的短缺；short 是形容词，short of 不能直接作主语。 【即练2】Many villages face a ______ of farm workers these days. A. short B. shortage C. shortness D. shorter 答案：B 解析：不定冠词 a 后接名词，shortage 表示 “短缺”；short 形容词；shortness 多指 “短小”，不符合语境。 【即练3】People pay more attention to the ______ energy now. A. shortage of B. short of C. short D. shortage 答案：A 解析：the shortage of energy 能源短缺，固定短语，作介词 to 的宾语。 6、lack of technology技术缺（教材第3页，2a) lack ①〔名词〕缺乏；不足　a lack of.......的缺乏 A lack of sleep is bad for your health.　睡眠不足对你的健康有害。 ②〔及物动词〕缺乏；没有 They lack the experience to finish the task.　他们缺乏完成这项任务的经验。 【即练1】______ exercise makes lots of students feel tired every day. A. Lack B. A lack of C. Lacking of D. Lack for 【答案】B 【详解】句意：缺乏锻炼让很多学生每天都感到疲惫。 lack 作名词时，固定搭配为 a lack of，表示 “…… 的缺乏”，可在句中作主语；lack 不能单独直接修饰名词，不存在 lacking of、lack for 的正确搭配，故选 B。 【即练2】Many small villages ______ medical resources at present. A. lack of B. lack C. are lack of D. have lack 【答案】B 【详解】句意：如今许多小村庄缺少医疗资源。 lack 可作及物动词，后面直接接宾语，意为 “缺乏”；lack of 是名词短语，不能单独作谓语，A、C、D 结构均存在语法错误，故选 B。 【即练3】The plan failed because of ______ support from local people. A. lack B. lack of C. a lack of D. lacking 【答案】C 【详解】句意：由于缺少当地人的支持，这个计划失败了。 because of 后需接名词性短语，固定词组 a lack of 表示 “…… 的不足”；lack 单独使用、lack of 缺少冠词均不符合语法规范，故选 C。 7、There used to be sandstorms all the time, and the fields were getting smaller and smaller.过去一直有沙尘暴，而且田地变得越来越小。（教材第3页，2c) 比较级+and+比较级 越来越...... 　通过在单词前加more构成的比较级，用“more and more+形容词/副词原级”表示“越来越......”。 If we protect the environment, the air will become fresher and fresher. 如果我们保护环境,空气将会变得越来越清新。 The boy is doing his homework better and better.这个男孩作业做得越来越好。 Our city is becoming more and more beautiful.　我们的城市正变得越来越美丽。 【即练1】The trees turn ______ in spring day by day. A. green and green B. greener and greener C. more green and more green D. more greener 【答案】B 【详解】句意：春天树木一天天变得越来越绿。 单音节形容词变 “越来越……” 结构为 “比较级 + and + 比较级”，green 的比较级是 greener；A 未用比较级，C、D 结构书写错误，故选 B。 【即练2】As he practices every day, he plays the piano ______. A. well and well B. better and better C. more well and more well D. more and more well 【答案】B 【详解】句意：因为他每天练习，他钢琴弹得越来越好。 well 为不规则副词，比较级是 better；“越来越好” 固定表达 better and better，其余选项均不符合语法规则，故选 B。 【即练3】China is becoming ______ powerful in the world. A. more powerful and more powerful B. powerful and powerful C. more and more powerful D. much powerful 【答案】C 【详解】句意：中国在世界上正变得越来越强大。 多音节形容词表示 “越来越……” 需用 “more and more + 形容词原级”，不能重复叠加 more powerful；B 无比较级，D 缺少比较结构，故选 C。 8、They began planting it in sandy areas,with the government's support.在政府的支持下，他们开始在沙地里种植这种灌木。(教材第3页，2c) (1)sandy〔形容词〕铺满沙子的；含沙的 People here used to live in the sandy area and lived a hard life. 这里的人们过去生活在多沙地区，过着艰苦的生活。 The soil here is very sandy, so it is not easy to grow plants. 这里的土壤多沙，所以不容易种植植物。 (2)support ①〔不可数名词〕支持；帮助 give support to sb 给予某人支持 in support of 支持...... We should give support to children in need.　我们应该向有需要的孩子们提供支持。 We held a meeting in support of environmental protection.　我们举行了一次会议支持环境保护。 ②〔及物动词〕支持 　support sb in(doing)sth 在（做）某事上支持某人 Our teachers always support us in our after-school activities.我们的老师总是在课外活动方面支持我们。 ③〔及物动词〕抚养；赡养；支撑 It's their duty to work hard and support their families.　努力工作、养家糊口是他们的责任。 【即练1】Many people spoke ______ the new rule to protect wild animals. A. support B. in support of C. give support to D. supporting of 【答案】B 【详解】句意：许多人发言支持这项保护野生动物的新规定。 固定短语 in support of 意为 “支持……”，在句中作状语；support 是名词 / 动词不能直接跟在动词后，give support to 为动词短语不能作状语，无 supporting of 这种搭配，故选 B。 第 2 题 【即练2】My parents always ______ me ______ taking part in English speech competitions. A. support; in B. support; to C. give support; in D. give support; to 【答案】A 【详解】句意：我的父母一直支持我参加英语演讲比赛。 固定搭配 support sb in (doing) sth 表示 “在做某事上支持某人”；若用名词短语应为 give support to sb，C、D 缺少介词搭配，无 support sb to doing 结构，故选 A。 【即练3】After his father passed away, he had to work hard to ______ his whole family. A. give support B. support C. support in D. support to 【答案】B 【详解】句意：父亲去世后，他不得不努力工作来养活一家人。 support 此处作及物动词，意为 “赡养，供养”，后面直接接宾语 family；give support 后需搭配介词，C、D 介词多余，语法结构错误，故选 B。 9、I used to grow a few vegetables on a small farm to sell at the local market.过去我在一小块农田里种些蔬菜，拿到当地市场去卖。（教材第4页，3a) 　动词不定式（短语）作目的状语 　to sell at the local market为动词不定式短语，在句中作目的状语。动词不定式（短语）作目的状语时，可位于句首，用逗号与句子其他部分隔开，也可位于句末。 To protect the environment, we should plant more trees.　为了保护环境，我们应该种更多的树。 We will save water to make our world better.　为了让我们的世界变得更美好，我们会节约用水。 【即练1】She gets up early every morning ______ read English articles. A. For B. to C. so D. and 【答案】B 【详解】句意：她每天早起朗读英语文章。 此处用动词不定式 to do 作目的状语，表示 “为了……”；for 后接名词 / 动名词，so 引导结果状语从句，and 表并列，均不能接动词原形表目的，故选 B。 【即练2】______ keep healthy, many students take exercise after school. A. To B. For C. So as D. In order 【答案】A 【详解】句意：为了保持健康，很多学生放学后锻炼身体。 动词不定式置于句首作目的状语用 To do；for 后不接动词原形，so as to/in order to 才完整，C、D 缺少 to，结构不完整，故选 A。 【即练3】People plant more trees ______ stop the sand from moving into cities. A. stopping B. stop C. to stop D. stopped 【答案】C 【详解】句意：人们种植更多树木来阻止风沙侵入城市。 本句用不定式 to stop 作目的状语，说明种树的目的；现在分词、动词原形、过去式都不能用来表动作目的，故选 C。 10、Have you been to the new library yet?你去过新图书馆吗？（教材第5页，4b) 辨析：yet与already yet 已经；仍然；还 用于句末 多用于疑问句或否定句，在疑问句中意为“已经”，在否定句中意为“还” already 已经，早已 用于句中或句末 多用于肯定句，用于疑问句时，表示“惊奇；意外”之意 Have you cleaned your room yet?　你打扫房间了吗？ They haven't come back from school yet.　他们还没有从学校回来。 He has already finished his homework.　他已经做完作业了。 Have you known the result of the exam already? 你都已经知道考试结果了?(表惊奇) 【即练1】My father has ______ bought me a new English dictionary. A. yet B. already C. never D. just now 【答案】B 【详解】句意：爸爸已经给我买了一本新英语词典。 already 多用于肯定句，含义为 “已经”；yet 仅用于疑问句、否定句末尾；never 表示从不，just now 搭配一般过去时，均不符合本句用法，故选 B。 【即练2】The students haven’t handed in their math papers ______. A. already B. yet C. ever D. once 【答案】B 【详解】句意：学生们还没有上交他们的数学试卷。 yet 用于否定句句末，翻译为 “还”；already 多用于肯定句，ever 意为曾经，once 意为一次，都不能用在本否定句末尾，故选 B。 【即练3】—Have you visited the museum ______? —Yes, I’ve ______ visited it three times. A. yet; already B. already; yet C. yet; yet D. already; already 【答案】A 【详解】句意：—— 你参观过这座博物馆了吗？—— 是的，我已经去过三次了。 第一空是普通疑问句，句末使用 yet 表 “已经”；第二空为肯定陈述句，用 already 表示 “早已、已经”，其他选项搭配不符合语法规定，故选 A。 11、There are sections with books about science and Chinese culture, as well as a huge section with children's books.有关于科学和中国文化的书籍专区，还有一个很大的儿童书籍区。（教材第5页，4b) as well as也；还；并且；除·..之外（还）常用来连接两个并列的成分，它强调的是前一项，后一项只是顺便提及。 He can speak English as well as French.　他会说法语,也会说英语。 She is good at playing the piano as well as singing English songs.　她擅长唱英文歌，也擅长弹钢琴。 【注意】　as well as 连接两个成分作主语时,谓语动词的单复数形式要与前面的主语的数保持一致。 Tom as well as his friends goes to school by bike. 汤姆和他的朋友都骑自行车上学。 【即练1】Lucy as well as her sisters ______ interested in painting. A. are B. is C. were D. be 【答案】B 【详解】句意：露西和她的姐姐们都对画画感兴趣。 as well as 连接并列主语时，谓语动词单复数和前面主语保持一致，本句前面主语 Lucy 是单数，be 动词用 is，故选 B。 【即练2】My brother likes reading novels as well as ______ basketball. A. play B. to play C. playing D. plays 【答案】C 【详解】句意：我弟弟除了打篮球，还喜欢看小说。 as well as 连接并列成分，前后形式保持一致，前面是 reading 动名词，后面也要用 playing，故选 C。 【即练3】He learns math as well as physics. 这句话的含义是______ A. 他物理学得和数学一样好 B. 他除了学物理，还学数学 C. 他数学比物理学得好 D. 他物理比数学学得好 【答案】B 【详解】句意：他除了学习物理之外，还学习数学。 as well as 意为 “除…… 之外（还）”，强调前面的 math，后接 physics 作为附加内容，并非表示两者比较，故选 B。 12、This made it difficult for locals to bring products to the market or to develop industry.这使得当地人很难把产品运到市场，也很难发展工业。（教材第5页，4c) make it+形容词(+ for sb )+ to do sth使得（某人）做某事... 在此结构中，it为形式宾语，后面的动词不定式短语是真正宾语。常见的有相同用法的动词还有think 和 find。 The use of computers has made it possible for more people to work at home.　电脑的使用让更多的人在家工作成为可能。 I think it important to protect the environment.　我认为保护环境很重要。 She finds it relaxing to listen to music after school.她发现放学后听音乐很令人放松。 【即练1】The new rules make it easy ______ us ______ develop good learning habits. A. to; for B. for; to C. of; to D. to; of 【答案】B 【详解】句意：新规定让我们养成良好的学习习惯变得更容易。 固定结构 make it + 形容词 +for sb to do sth，it 是形式宾语，动词不定式为真正宾语；for 用来引出动作的对象，其余介词搭配均不符合该句型结构，故选 B。 【即练2】Most teenagers find ______ enjoyable ______ take part in outdoor activities. A. it; to B. that; to C. it; / D. this; for 【答案】A 【详解】句意：大多数青少年觉得参加户外活动很愉快。 find 后可接形式宾语 it，构成 find it + 形容词 +to do sth；that、this 不能充当形式宾语，不定式符号 to 不可省略，故选 A。 【即练3】We think ______ important ______ keep quiet in the reading room. A. it; of B. that; to C. it; to D. this; to 【答案】C 【详解】句意：我们认为在阅览室保持安静很重要。 think 适用 it 作形式宾语的固定句型 think it + 形容词 +to do sth，真正宾语是后面的不定式；that、this 无法作形式宾语，of 不能搭配不定式，故选 C。 13、Now great changes have taken place.现在已经发生了巨大的变化。（教材第5页，4c) 辨析：take place与happen take place 通常指按照计划或安排而“发生”；还可表示“举行；举办” 强调计划性 happen 指毫无计划的突然“发生”;还可表示“碰巧” 强调偶然性 A lot of changes have taken place in people's life recently.　最近,在人们的生活中发生了很多变化。 Many important events will take place in our city next year.　明年我们城市将举办许多重要的活动。 No one knows what will happen in the future.　没有人知道将来会发生什么。 【注意】　take place 与 happen 都不用于被动语态。 【即练1】The school art festival ______ next month as we planned. A. will happen B. will take place C. happens D. is taken place 【答案】B 【详解】句意：校园艺术节按照我们的计划将于下个月举办。 take place 侧重有计划、有安排地发生 / 举办；happen 多指偶然突发的事；take place 和 happen 均无被动语态，D 形式错误；next month 为将来时间，要用一般将来时，故选 B。 【即练2】A strange thing ______ to me on my way home last night. A. took place B. was happened C. happened D. was taken place 【答案】C 【详解】句意：昨晚我在回家路上遇到了一件怪事。 事情是偶然突发的，用 happen；take place 用于有规划的事件；happen、take place 都不能用于被动语态，B、D 排除，故选 C。 【即练3】Many great changes ______ in this small town during the past five years. A. have happened B. have taken place C. are happening D. are taken place 【答案】B 【详解】句意：在过去五年里，这座小镇发生了许多巨大变化。 城镇的变化是逐步、有过程的客观变化，用 take place；during the past five years 是现在完成时标志；无被动结构，D 错误；happen 侧重突发意外，不适合描述长期变化，故选 B。 14、The government has built thousands of kilometres of highways, railways, and wide roads.政府修建了数千千米的公路、铁路和宽阔的道路。（教材第5页，4c) (1)thousands of成千上万的，数千的，许许多多的；其后接可数名词复数，表示不确切的数目。 thousand 是数词，意为“千”，当前面有具体数词修饰表确切数目时，其后不加-s,也不与of 连用。类似的词还有hundred(百)，million(百万)等。 Thousands of visitors come to visit this museum every year.　每年有成千上万的游客来参观这个博物馆。　　 There are over two thousand students in our school.我们学校有两千多名学生。 (2) wide〔形容词〕宽的；宽阔的；广泛的 This road is about ten metres wide.　这条路大约十米宽。 There is a wide street in front of our school.　我们学校前面有一条宽阔的街道。 English is a language with wide use around the world. 英语是在世界上广泛使用的语言。 【即练1】_____ trees are planted on the hills every spring. A. Two thousands B. Thousands of C. Two thousand of D. Thousand of 【答案】B 【详解】句意：每年春天山上都会种植成千上万棵树。 表示模糊数量用 thousands of；前面有具体数字时 thousand 不加 s 且不加 of，A、C 表达错误；D 缺少 s，结构不成立，故选 B。 【即练2】The factory produces three ______ bikes every month. A. thousand B. thousands C. thousand of D. thousands of 【答案】A 【详解】句意：这家工厂每月生产三千辆自行车。 前面有具体数字 three 修饰 thousand，thousand 不加 s，也不能搭配 of；thousands of 只能用于模糊数量，故选 A。 【即练3】We need to read more books to get ______ knowledge. A. wide B. widely C. big D. large 【答案】A 【详解】句意：我们需要多读书来获取广泛的知识。 wide 为形容词，可修饰名词，意为 “广泛的”；widely 是副词不能修饰名词；big、large 一般形容体积、尺寸，不搭配 knowledge，故选 A。 15、As a result, the lives of local people have improved. 结果，当地人的生活得到了改善。(教材第5页,4c) 　　as a result因此，结果 He didn't prepare for the exam. As a result, he didn't pass it.　他没有为考试做准备,结果没有及格。 【拓展】as a result of..因为/由于......；后面跟名词（短语）、代词，相当于because of。 As a result of the earthquake, many people became homeless.　由于地震,许多人变得无家可归了。 =Because of the earthquake, many people became homeless. 【即练1】He missed the early bus. ______, he was late for school. A. As a result of B. As a result C. Because D. Because of 【答案】B 【详解】句意：他错过了早班车，因此上学迟到了。 as a result 意为 “因此，结果”，可单独使用，后接逗号隔开句子；as a result of 和 because of 后面必须接名词 / 名词短语；because 后要接完整从句，结构均不符合此题，故选 B。 【即练2】______ bad weather, we have to put off our trip to the mountain. A. As a result B. As a result of C. So D. Though 【答案】B 【详解】句意：由于恶劣的天气，我们不得不推迟登山旅行。 as a result of 后接名词短语，表示 “由于……”；as a result 单独作状语，不能直接搭配名词；so 表结果、though 表让步，逻辑与结构均不匹配，故选 B。 【即练3】The river was seriously polluted ______ factories poured waste water into it. A. as a result of B. because C. because of D. as a result 【答案】B 【详解】句意：这条河被严重污染，因为工厂向里面排放废水。 空格后是完整句子，需用连词 because 引导原因状语从句；as a result of、because of 后只能接名词类短语；as a result 用于引出结果，逻辑不通，故选 B。 16、In 2017, the new 480-kilometre Mombasa-Nairobi railway was opened. 2017年，全新的480千米蒙巴萨-内罗毕铁路正式通车。（教材第6页，1b) 　　复合形容词；480-kilometre意为“480千米的”，是一个复合形容词，其结构为“数词-可数名词单数”，另外也有“数词-可数名词单数-形容词”结构的复合形容词。 【注意】 　　在复合形容词中，名词要用单数形式。复合形容词只能放在名词前作定语，不能作表语。 We will have a three-day holiday.　我们将有一个3天的假期。 She has an eight-year-old daughter. 她有一个8岁的女儿。 【即练1】We are going to have a ______ trip next summer. A. five days B. five-day C. five-days D. five day 【答案】B 【详解】句意：明年夏天我们将有一场五天的旅行。 “数词 - 名词单数” 构成复合形容词，放在名词前作定语，中间用连字符连接，名词必须用单数；A 只能作表语，C、D 结构书写错误，故选 B。 【即练2】My uncle has a ______ son. He is very clever. A. ten years old B. ten-year-old C. ten-years-old D. ten year old 【答案】B 【详解】句意：我的叔叔有一个十岁的儿子，他十分聪明。 复合形容词 “数词 - 名词单数 - 形容词” 作前置定语，中间名词 year 用单数；A 只能放在 be 动词后作表语，C 名词用复数、D 无连字符且名词未变形，均不正确，故选 B。 【即练3】The bridge is ______, and it is a ______ bridge. A. three kilometres long; three-kilometre-long B. three-kilometre-long; three kilometres long C. three kilometre long; three-kilometres-long D. three kilometres long; three-kilometres-long 【答案】A 【详解】句意：这座桥三千米长，它是一座三千米长的桥。 空格一在 be 动词后作表语，无连字符，kilometre 用复数；空格二修饰名词 bridge，需复合形容词作定语，中间名词用单数，加连字符；其余选项结构搭配均存在错误，故选 A。 17、Before then, the only transport links between Mombasa, Kenya's main port,and Nairobi, Kenya's capital, were rough roads and an old railway line built in 1901.在此之前，肯尼亚主要港口蒙巴萨与首都内罗毕之间仅有的交通路线是崎岖的公路和一条建于1901年的老旧铁路。（教材第6页，1b) (1)link ①〔名词〕交通路线；联系 a link between A and B A与B之间的联系 The new railway is an important link between the two cities. 这条新铁路是这两座城市间重要的交通路线。 There is a close link between health and good habits. 健康和好习惯之间有着密切的联系。 ②〔动词〕连接；联系 　link A and B把A和B连接起来 　link A to B把A与B联系起来；把A连接到B上 The new bridge links the city and the small town.这座新桥连接了城市和小镇。 We can link this problem to our daily life.　我们可以把这个问题与我们的日常生活联系起来。 (2)capital〔名词〕首都；省会 　　the capital of.....的首都/省会 Beijing, the capital of China, is a beautiful and ancient city.　中国的首都北京是一座美丽又古老的城市。 Zhengzhou is the capital of Henan Province.　郑州是河南省的省会。 (3)过去分词短语作后置定语 　　an old railway line built in 1901意为“一条建于1901年的老旧铁路”，过去分词短语builtin 1901作后置定语，修饰前面的railway line。过去分词短语作定语时常放于被修饰词之后，且表示被动意义。 The Smiths have a daughter named Jessica.　史密斯夫妇有一个名叫杰茜卡的女儿。 I like songs sung by my father.　我喜欢爸爸唱的歌。 【拓展】过去分词短语作定语相当于一个关系从句。 　　I like the poems written by Li Bai.　我喜欢李白写的诗。 =I like the poems that were written by Li Bai. 【即练1】The high-speed rail ______ the big city ______ many small villages nearby. A. links; and B. links; with C. links; for D. links; between 【答案】A 【详解】句意：这条高铁把这座大城市和周边许多小村庄连接起来。 固定搭配 link A and B 表示 “把 A 和 B 连接起来”；link A to B 意为 “把 A 连到 B 上”，其余介词无此搭配，故选 A。 【即练2】There is a close ______ enough sleep ______ students’ study efficiency. A. link between; and B. link of; with C. link to; and D. link for; with 【答案】A 【详解】句意：充足睡眠和学生的学习效率之间存在密切关联。 固定名词短语 a link between A and B，意为 “A 与 B 之间的联系”，其余介词搭配均不符合固定用法，故选 A。 【即练3】I enjoy the old photos ______ my grandpa in his youth. A. took B. taken by C. taking by D. are taken by 【答案】B 【详解】句意：我喜欢爷爷年轻时拍的那些老照片。 空格修饰名词 photos，用过去分词短语作后置定语，表被动（照片被拍摄）；take 的过去分词为 taken，后接动作执行者用 by；A 为动词原形、C 现在分词表主动、D 是完整谓语，均不能作后置定语，故选 B。 18、However, the new railway, built with China's help, has already cut the travel time between Mombasa and Nairobi to about four hours for passengers.然而，这条在中国帮助下修建的新铁路，已经为乘客们将蒙巴萨和内罗毕之间的旅行时间缩短到大约4个小时。（教材第6页，1b) (1)辨析：however与but 　　两者均有“然而，但是”的意思，但用法不同。 however 副词 常作插入语,位于句首时,其后通常有逗号，位于句中时，前后均使用逗号，位于句尾时，其前有逗号 but 连词 表示很明显的对比,转折的意味比 however 要强，从语序上看，but 总是置于连接的分句开头 This task is difficult. However, we will try our best to finish it.　这个任务很难。然而，我们会尽全力完成它。 I want to help you, but I don't know how to do it. 我想帮你，但我不知道该怎么做。 (2)cut〔动词〕 ①缩短；削减 cut...to... 把......缩短/削减到....... We should cut the cost of our daily life.　我们应该削减日常生活的开支。 The new subway cuts the travel time from my home to school to less than 20 minutes. 　这条新地铁把从我家到学校的出行时间缩短到不到20分钟。 ②切；割；剪 He cut his finger by accident yesterday.　他昨天不小心割破了手指。 My mother cuts my hair every month.　我妈妈每个月给我剪头发。 【拓展】cut常见短语： cut up 切碎 cut down 砍倒；减少 cut off切掉；中断 cut in line 插队 【即练1】The exam was hard. ______, all the students passed it. A. But B. However C. Though D. So 【答案】B 【详解】句意：这场考试很难，然而所有学生都及格了。 but 是连词，直接连接分句，后面不加逗号；however 是副词，作插入语，放句首时后面必须加逗号；though 意为虽然，so 意为因此，逻辑不符，故选 B。 【即练2】People shouldn’t ______ forests to make paper. A. cut up B. cut down C. cut off D. cut in 【答案】B 【详解】句意：人们不应该砍伐树木来造纸。 cut down 意为 “砍倒；砍伐”；cut up 切碎，cut off 切断，cut in 插队，均不符合 “砍伐森林” 语境，故选 B。 【即练3】The high-speed train cuts our travel time ______ two hours. A. into B. to C. for D. at 【答案】B 【详解】句意：高铁把我们的出行时间缩短到两小时。 固定搭配 cut...to... 表示 “把…… 削减 / 缩短到……”，其余介词不能和 cut 构成该固定结构，故选 B。 19、Local Kenyans have benefited a lot from the new railway.肯尼亚当地人从这条新铁路中受益匪浅。（教材第6页，1b) (1)Kenyan ①〔名词〕肯尼亚人；其复数形式是Kenyans。 The Kenyan told us a lot about his country.　这位肯尼亚人给我们讲了很多关于他国家的事。 Some Kenyans come to China to study or work. 一些肯尼亚人来中国学习或工作。 ②〔形容词〕肯尼亚的；肯尼亚人的 The Kenyan government is trying to develop its local education.　肯尼亚政府正努力发展当地教育。 Do you know about Kenyan living habits?　你了解肯尼亚人的生活习惯吗？ 【拓展】Kenya肯尼亚（国家名） Kenya is a beautiful country in Africa.　肯尼亚是非洲一个美丽的国家。 (2)benefit ①〔不及物动词〕得益于；受益 benefit from... 从......中受益 We will all benefit from the new subway in our city.　我们都将从我市新建的地铁中受益。 ②〔及物动词〕使受益 The new library will benefit every student in our school.　新图书馆将使我校的每一位学生受益。 ③〔名词〕优势；益处 be of great benefit to... 对......大有裨益 Doing sports every day is of great benefit to our health.　每天做运动对我们的健康大有益处。 【即练1】Everyone can ______ taking enough exercise in daily life. A. benefit B. benefit from C. benefit to D. benefit of 【答案】B 【详解】句意：每个人都能从日常充足的锻炼中受益。 固定搭配 benefit from 意为 “从…… 中受益”；benefit 作及物动词时直接接宾语，无 benefit to/of 这类搭配，故选 B。 【即练2】Reading English newspapers is ______ our writing ability. A. great benefit to B. of great benefit to C. benefit from D. benefited 【答案】B 【详解】句意：阅读英文报纸对我们的写作能力大有裨益。 固定短语 be of great benefit to… 表示 “对…… 大有好处”；A 缺少 of 结构不完整，C 表 “从中受益” 逻辑颠倒，D 语法形式错误，故选 B。 【即练3】The new community park ______ all the people living nearby. A. benefits from B. benefits C. is benefited D. benefits to 【答案】B 【详解】句意：这座新建的社区公园造福附近所有居民。 benefit 此处作及物动词，意为 “使受益”，后面直接接宾语；benefit from 主语是人，表示 “从…… 获益”，无 benefit to 搭配，该词一般不用被动形式，故选 B。 20、It is very convenient and doesn't cost much money.它既方便又不贵。（教材第6页，1b) convenient〔形容词〕方便的；be convenient for... 对......来说很方便 【注意】convenient意为“方便的”时，不能用人作主语。 　　It is convenient for sb to do sth.对某人来说做某事很方便。 The new bus stop is convenient for old people.　这个新公交站对老年人来说很方便。 【即练1】It is convenient for us to take the subway to school. 对我们来说，乘地铁上学很方便。 ______ to go to the library by light rail. A. We are convenient B. It’s convenient for us C. It’s convenient us D. We convenient 【答案】B 【详解】句意：我们坐轻轨去图书馆很方便。 convenient 主语不能是人，需用固定句型 It is convenient for sb to do sth；C 缺少介词 for，A 用人作主语、D 缺少谓语动词，均语法错误，故选 B。 【即练2】The new community station ______ people who live nearby. A. convenient for B. is convenient for C. convenient to D. is convenient to 【答案】B 【详解】句意：这座新建社区站点对附近居民来说很便利。 固定搭配 be convenient for sb，表示 “对某人方便”；句子缺少系动词 is，排除 A、C；介词不用 to，故选 B。 【即练3】—Why do you choose this neighborhood? —Because ______ to take the subway to my workplace. A. I am convenient B. it’s convenient for me C. it convenient for me D. I convenient 【答案】B 【详解】句意：—— 你为什么选这个小区？—— 因为我坐地铁上班很方便。 convenient 不能用人作主语，要用 it 作形式主语；C 缺少 be 动词，A、D 主语错误，故选 B。 21、I am able to get to places on time and make business deals with ease.我能准时到达各地，轻而易举地谈成生意。（教材第6页，1b) (1)be able to do sth　能够做某事；其人称、数和时态的变化都体现在be动词上。 Though he was very tired, he was able to finish the work on time.　虽然他很累，但他能够按时完成工作。 If you keep practising, you will be able to speak English well.　如果你坚持练习，你将能够说好英语。 【拓展】be unable to do sth 不能做某事 He was unable to express himself clearly.　他不能清楚地表达自己的意思。 (2)辨析： on time与in time on time 准时，按时 指按规定时间做某事，强调不早不晚 in time 及时 强调正好赶上事先约定的时间，没有迟到；(be)in time for sth 表示“正赶上某事” We must hand in our homework on time everyday. 我们必须每天按时交作业。 They got to the station in time to catch the train. 他们及时赶到车站，赶上了火车。 If you run, you will be in time for the first class.　你如果跑过去，就能及时赶上第一节课。 (3)ease〔不可数名词〕容易；自在with ease(=easily)轻而易举地；毫不费力地 This computer is popular because of its good design and ease of use.这台电脑因设计巧妙、简单易用而广受欢迎。 He passed the English test with ease because he worked hard. 他因为学习努力，轻松地通过了这次英语测试。 【即练1】After two years’ training, she ______ swim across the big river last summer. A. can B. was able to C. is able to D. will be able to 【答案】B 【详解】句意：经过两年训练，去年夏天她能够游过这条大河。 last summer 为过去时间，be able to 的时态变化体现在 be 动词；can 没有过去有能力做成某事的侧重，is able to 是一般现在时，will be able to 是将来时，均不符合时态，故选 B。 【即练2】Hurry up! Or we won’t get to the classroom ______ the morning reading. A. on time B. in time for C. in time D. on time for 【答案】B 【详解】句意：快点！否则我们赶不上早读了。 in time for sth 是固定搭配，表示 “及时赶上某事”；on time 意为准时，侧重不早不晚，不符合 “赶不上” 的语境；C 缺少介词 for 无法接后面名词，故选 B。 【即练3】With lots of practice, he solved all the difficult math problems ______. A. with ease B. at ease C. easy D. ease 【答案】A 【详解】句意：经过大量练习，他轻而易举地解出了所有数学难题。 固定短语 with ease = easily，意为轻而易举地；at ease 表示放松自在，easy 是形容词不能单独作状语，ease 单独使用不符合句子结构，故选 A。 22、the number of people who use the new train every year每年使用新火车的人数（教材第7页，1c) 辨析：the number of与a number of两者都接可数名词复数形式，但用法不同，具体如下： the number of …的数量 作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式 a number of 许多 可用large,.small等修饰number;作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式 The number of people using smartphones is becoming larger and larger. 使用智能手机的人数正变得越来越多。 I have read a number of famous novels during the winter holiday. 寒假期间我读了许多名著。 【即练1】The number of students in our class ______ fifty, and a number of them ______ good at English. A. is; are B. are; is C. is; is D. are; are 【答案】A 【详解】句意：我们班学生的数量是五十人，其中很多人擅长英语。 the number of 表示 “…… 的数量”，作主语时谓语动词用单数；a number of 意为 “许多”，修饰可数名词复数作主语时，谓语动词用复数，故选 A。 【即练2】______ trees have been planted along the river, and the number of them ______ over 3,000. A. A number of; is B. The number of; are C. A number of; are D. The number of; is 【答案】A 【详解】句意：河边种了许多树，树木的数量超过三千棵。 第一空 a number of + 复数名词，表 “许多”；第二空 the number of 作主语，谓语动词使用单数 is，故选 A。 【即练3】—How many visitors are there? —______ visitors come here every day, and the number ______ growing. A. The number of; are B. A number of; is C. A number of; are D. The number of; is 【答案】B 【详解】句意：— 这里有多少游客？— 每天有许多游客前来，游客数量还在持续增长。 a number of visitors 表示许多游客；the number 作主语，谓语动词用单数 is，其余选项主谓搭配均错误，故选 B。 23、Have you seen or heard of any similar changes in the world over the last several years??在过去几年里，你在世界上见过或听说过类似的变化吗？（教材第7页，1) hear of听说；相当于hear about,.表示间接听到或听说，不可用于进行时。 Nobody in our class has heard of that strange place.我们班里没人听说过那个奇怪的地方。 Did you hear of the new plan about our school trip? 你听说关于我们学校旅行的新计划了吗？ 【注意】hear of与hear about后面接名词或代词作宾语，不能接that从句 【拓展】hear from sb收到某人的来信/电子邮件/电话；得到某人的消息 How often do you hear from your brother? 你多久收到一次你哥哥的来信？ 【即练1】I haven’t ______ my pen pal for two months. I miss her very much. A. heard of B. heard from C. heard about D. heard 【答案】B 【详解】句意：我已经两个月没有收到笔友的消息了，我十分想念她。 hear from sb 为固定搭配，意为 “收到某人的来信 / 消息”；hear of/hear about 表示 “听说”，不符合本句语境；hear 后面不能直接接人表达收到来信，故选 B。 【即练2】Have you ______ the story about the old scientist? A. heard from B. heard of C. heard that D. heard out 【答案】B 【详解】句意：你听说过这位老科学家的故事吗？ hear of 意为 “听说”，后接名词 / 名词短语；hear from 后接人，表收到来信；hear of 不能搭配 that 从句，无 hear out 这种常用搭配，故选 B。 【即练3】None of us ______ this village before, so we want to visit it. A. have heard from B. have heard of C. heard that D. hear from 【答案】B 【详解】句意：我们所有人之前都没听说过这个村庄，所以我们想去参观。 before 是现在完成时标志，需用 have done；hear of + 地点名词，表示听说某地；hear from 后接人，逻辑不符；hear that 后要接完整句子，本空后只有名词，结构错误，故选 B。 24 、The bridge made it convenient for the villagers to travel across the river to the city.这座桥让村民们过河去城里变得很方便。（教材第8页，2b) 辨析：across,through,over与past It's very dangerous for children to run across the busy street. 孩子们跑过繁忙的街道是非常危险的。 The visitors walked through the beautiful park and enjoyed the fresh air.游客们穿过这座美丽的公园，享受着新鲜空气。 Look!A plane is flying over the high mountains in the distance.看！一架飞机正飞越远处的高山。 I go past a big library on my way to school every morning. 我每天早上上学路上经过一个大图书馆。 【即练1】Walk ______ the bridge, and you’ll see the park on your left. A. across B. through C. over D. past 【答案】A 【详解】句意：走过这座桥，你就会看见公园在左手边。 桥是平面通道，across 表示从平面一端横穿到另一端；through 指穿过内部；over 侧重凌空翻越；past 指从旁边路过，均不符合过桥的语境，故选 A。 【即练2】We drove ______ a long dark tunnel to get to the mountain village. A.across B. through C. over D. past 【答案】B 【详解】句意：我们穿过一条又长又黑的隧道来到山村。 隧道是封闭空间，需要从内部穿行，用 through；across 用于平面、over 用于翻越高处、past 表示路过，均不适合隧道，故选 B。 【即练3】When I walked ______ the shop, I saw a lovely cat in the window. A. over B. through C. past D. across 【答案】C 【详解】句意：我路过这家商店时，看见橱窗里有一只可爱的小猫。 past 表示从建筑物旁边经过；over 翻越上方，through 穿过内部，across 横穿平面，都不符合 “路过店铺” 的含义，故选 C。 25、 Our farm has a lot of laying hens..我们农场有很多蛋鸡。（教材第8页，2） (1)现在分词（短语）作定语 laying是动词lay(下蛋)的现在分词，作定语，修饰名词hens。现在分词作定语，表示被修饰的名词与分词是主动关系。本句中，hens主动发出lay这个动作。单个的现在分词作定语，通常放在被修饰词前面。 a sleeping baby一个正在睡觉的婴儿 a running boy一个正在跑的男孩 【注意】现在分词短语作定语，放在被修饰词后面。 The girl singing in the classroom is my sister. 正在教室里唱歌的那个女孩是我妹妹。 (2)lay〔动词)(1aid,laid)产（卵）；下（蛋）；放置；摆放 This hen almost lays an egg every day. 这只母鸡差不多每天下一个蛋。 They're laying the table. 他们正在摆放餐具。 【注意】lay还可以作动词lie的过去式，意为“躺”。 He lay on the sofa and fell asleep. 他躺在沙发上睡着了。 【即练1】The young lady ______ songs under the tree is our music teacher. A. sing B. singing C. sings D. sang 【答案】B 【详解】句意：在树下唱歌的那位年轻女士是我们的音乐老师。 空格修饰名词 lady，女士主动发出唱歌的动作，用现在分词作后置定语表主动；sing 是动词原形、sings 是谓语动词、sang 是过去式，均不能作后置定语，故选 B。 【即练2】The hen ______ an egg every morning, and it ______ its eggs on the grass just now. A. lays; laid B. lies; lay C. lays; lay D. lies; laid 【答案】A 【详解】句意：这只母鸡每天早上下一颗蛋，它刚刚把蛋放在草地上。 lay 表示 “下蛋、放置”，第三人称单数为 lays；过去式、过去分词为 laid；lie 意为 “躺”，过去式是 lay。every morning 为一般现在时用 lays；just now 为过去时用 laid，故选 A。 【即练3】Look at the cat ______ on the ground. It ______ there for an hour. A. lying; lay B. laying; laid C. lying; laid D. laying; lay 【答案】A 【详解】句意：看那只躺在地上的猫，它刚才躺在那儿一小时了。 第一空猫主动躺，lie 的现在分词是 lying 作前置定语；第二空表示过去 “躺”，lie 的过去式为 lay；laying 是 lay（放置 / 下蛋）的现在分词，不符合 “躺” 的含义，故选 A。 26、They feed on corn,vegetables,and insects,.它们以玉米、蔬菜和昆虫为食。（教材第8页，2b) feed〔动词)(fed,fed)给（人或动物）食物；喂养；饲养；进食 ①feed on以…为食 Pandas feed on bamboo.大熊猫以竹子为食。 ②feed sb/sth(om)sth 用某物喂养某人/某物 We feed sheep on grass. 我们用草喂绵羊。 ③feed sth to sb/sth 把某物喂给某人/某物 Don't feed bread to ducks. 不要拿面包喂鸭子。 【即练1】Cows ______ grass, so farmers grow lots of grass for them. A. feed to B. feed on C. feed with D. feed for 【答案】B 【详解】句意：奶牛以草为食，所以农民们为它们种植大量牧草。 固定短语 feed on 表示 “（动物）以…… 为食”；feed sth to sth 意为把某物喂给动物，其余搭配均不成立，故选 B。 【即练2】Please don’t feed chocolate ______ small dogs. It’s bad for their health. A. on B. for C. to D. with 【答案】C 【详解】句意：请不要把巧克力喂给小狗，这对它们的健康有害。 固定结构 feed sth to sb/sth，表示 “把某物喂给……”；介词 to 为固定搭配，on/for/with 不能用于该句型，故选 C。 【即练3】Last year, my grandpa ______ rabbits ______ fresh vegetables every day. A. fed; on B. feed; to C. feeds; on D. fed; to 【答案】A 【详解】句意：去年，爷爷每天用新鲜蔬菜喂兔子。 时间状语 last year 为一般过去时，feed 的过去式是 fed；feed sb/sth on sth 表示 “用某物喂养……”，符合本句语境，故选 A。 27、With support from the government,Wang Shanghai led a group of 369people who were determined to make the environment of Saihanba better..在政府的支持下，王尚海带领369名决心改善塞罕坝环境的人。（教材第8页，2c) lead ①〔及物动词)(led,led)带领；带路 He led the old man across the road.他带着这位老人过了马路。 ②〔及物动词〕(led,led)过（某种生活） We should lead a quiet and peaceful life.我们应该过平静安宁的生活。 ③〔名词〕领先地位；主角 Our team is in the lead now.我们队现在处于领先地位。 She plays the lead in the play.她在这部戏里扮演主角。 【拓展】leader(名词)领导者；领袖 He is an excellent leader.他是一位优秀的领导者。 【即练1】The guide ______ us to the top of the mountain yesterday. A. lead B. leads C. led D. leading 【答案】C 【详解】句意：昨天向导带我们登上了山顶。 yesterday 为一般过去时标志，lead “带领” 的过去式为 led；lead 是原形，leads 是三单，leading 不能单独作谓语，故选 C。 【即练2】Most farmers ______ a happy life in the countryside now. A. lead B. leads C. led D. leading 【答案】A 【详解】句意：现在大多数农民在乡下过着幸福的生活。 固定搭配 lead a ... life 表示 “过…… 的生活”；主语 farmers 是复数，时态为一般现在时，谓语动词用原形 lead，故选 A。 【即练3】Our football team is ______ after scoring two goals. A. in lead B. in the lead C. on lead D. on the lead 【答案】B 【详解】句意：打进两球后，我们足球队处于领先地位。 固定短语 in the lead，意为 “领先，处于领先地位”，其余介词搭配均不成立，故选 B。 28、Today.Saihanba is known as"the green miracle”、如今，塞罕坝被誉为“绿色奇迹”。(教材第8页，2c) be known as作为…而闻名；相当于be famous as,后面接表示身份、职业、称号等的词。 Lu Xun is known as a great writer.鲁迅作为一名伟大的作家而闻名。 【拓展】be known for因…...而闻名相当于be famous for,后面接出名的原因。 Guilin is known for its beautiful mountains and rivers. 桂林因其美丽的山水而闻名。 【即练1】Jay Chou ______ a singer and he ______ his wonderful songs. A. is known for; is known as B. is known as; is known for C. known as; known for D. known for; known as 【答案】B 【详解】句意：周杰伦作为歌手闻名，他因动听的歌曲出名。 be known as 后接身份、职业；be known for 后接出名的原因。句子缺少谓语动词，必须搭配 be 动词，故选 B。 【即练2】Hangzhou ______ the West Lake all over the world. A. is known as B. is known for C. known as D. known for 【答案】B 【详解】句意：杭州因西湖闻名全世界。 西湖是杭州出名的缘由，用 be known for；be known as 后需接身份称号，C、D 缺少 be 动词，语法不完整，故选 B。 【即练3】Mo Yan ______ a great Nobel Prize winner in literature. A. is known for B. known as C. is known as D. known for 【答案】C 【详解】句意：莫言作为伟大的诺贝尔文学奖得主闻名。 a great Nobel Prize winner 是身份称号，用 be known as；句子需要 be 动词构成完整谓语，故选 C。 29、Now that I am older,my life is different from when I was in primary school.既然我长大了，生活就和小学时的不一样了。（教材第9页，3a) be different from和…...不同 其反义短语为be the same as(和......一样)。 The culture in China is different from that in Western countries. 中国的文化和西方国家的文化不同。 Her way of thinking is quite different from yours. 她的思考方式和你的很不一样 This new bag is almost the same as the one I lost last month. 这个新包和我上个月丢的那个几乎一样。 注意：be different from和be the same as前后比较的人或物要是同类或对等。 【即练1】My new pencil box is different ______ my old one. A. as B. from C. with D. to 【答案】B 【详解】句意：我的新文具盒和旧的不一样。 固定搭配 be different from 表示 “与…… 不同”，介词只能用 from，其余介词均不搭配，故选 B。 【即练2】This dress looks almost the same ______ the one you bought yesterday. A. from B. as C. for D. with 【答案】B 【详解】句意：这条裙子看起来和你昨天买的那条几乎一模一样。 固定短语 be the same as 意为 “和…… 一样”，介词固定用 as，不可替换，故选 B。 【即练3】—Is your hobby ______ your brother’s? —No. My hobby is ______ his. I like drawing while he likes playing basketball. A. the same as; different from B. different from; the same as C. same as; different from D. the same as; different with 【答案】A 【详解】句意：—— 你的爱好和你哥哥一样吗？—— 不一样。我的爱好和他的不同，我喜欢画画，他喜欢打篮球。 第一空 the same as（和…… 相同），same 前面必须加 the；第二空 different from（与…… 不同），无 different with 的用法，结合答句逻辑选 A。 30、I have become more confident in my studies and often attend group discussions.我在学习上变得更自信了，并且经常参加小组讨论。（教材第9页，3a) discussion〔名词〕讨论； have a discussion进行讨论 ；have a discussion about sth讨论某事 We will have a discussion about this plan after class.课后我们将讨论这个计划。 【即练1】We will ______ about the school trip tomorrow. A. have discussion B. have a discussion C. make a discussion D. do discussion 【答案】B 【详解】句意：我们明天将讨论这次学校旅行。 固定短语 have a discussion 表示 “进行讨论”，discussion 是可数名词，前面必须加不定冠词 a；没有 make/do a discussion 的搭配，故选 B。 【即练2】Our class had a discussion ______ how to protect the environment yesterday. A. With B. about C. for D. to 【答案】B 【详解】句意：昨天我们班讨论了如何保护环境。 固定搭配 have a discussion about sth，意为 “讨论某事”，介词只能用 about，故选 B。 【即练3】They ______ a warm discussion about the new rules just now. A. Have B. had C. will have D. are having 【答案】B 【详解】句意：刚才他们热烈讨论了新校规。 just now（刚才）是一般过去时标志，have 的过去式为 had，故选 B。 31、It's amazing how much we have achieved together.我们一起取得了这么多成就，真是太棒了。（教材第9页，3a) 辨析：amazing与amazed amazing令人惊奇的，令人惊喜的 常作定语或表语，说明事物，指某事物具有令人惊奇的特征 amazed大为惊奇的 常作表语，主语一般是人，说明人因某事或某物而感到吃惊 He saw an amazing film about space and technology yesterday..昨天他看了一部关于太空和科技的令人惊奇的电影。 I was amazed at her progress in English learning. 我对她在英语学习上的进步感到大为惊奇。 一、单项选择 1．Yang Lin ________ do morning exercises, but now he ________ doing Chinese kung fu. A．is used to; used to B．used to; is used to C．used to; is used for D．used to; used to 【答案】B 【详解】句意：杨林过去常常做早操，但现在他习惯于练中国功夫了。 used to do sth.过去常常做某事，后接动词原形；be used to doing sth.习惯于做某事，后接动名词；be used for doing sth.被用来做某事。根据前半句语境可知是过去常常做早操，用used to；根据后半句“now”及“doing”可知是现在习惯于练功夫，主语是he，be动词用is，用is used to，应填used to; is used to。 2．—There are more than 1,000 parks in Shenzhen and the air is so nice. —So it is. It ________ trees and flowers everywhere. A．is short of B．is covered with C．is connected with D．is communicated with 【答案】B 【详解】句意：—— 深圳有 1000 多个公园，空气很好。—— 确实如此。它到处都是树和花。 考查短语辨析。“is short of”（缺乏 ）不符合 “空气好、环境美” 语境；“is covered with”（被…… 覆盖 ），契合 “到处是树和花” 描述；“is connected with”（与…… 有联系 ）语义不符；“is communicated with” 表达错误且语义不对。故填 is covered with 。 3．—In some mountain villages, children can’t get enough food and even have no chance to get a good education. —I’m sorry to hear that. We should ________ them. A．give advice to B．come up with C．give a call to D．give support to 【答案】D 【详解】句意：——在一些山村，孩子们得不到足够的食物，甚至没有机会接受良好的教育。 ——听到这个消息我很难过。我们应该支持他们。 考查动词短语辨析。give advice to给……提建议；come up with想出；give a call to打电话；give support to给予支持。根据“In some mountain villages, children can’t get enough food and even have no chance to get a good education.”可知，在一些山村，孩子们得不到足够的食物，甚至没有机会接受良好的教育，“我们”应该支持他们，此处应填动词短语give support to“给予支持”。故选D。 4．If you want to improve your spoken English, you should do what you can ________ it. A．practise B．to practise C．practising D．practised 【答案】B 【详解】句意：如果你想提高英语口语，你应该尽你所能去练习它。   句中“what you can”是宾语从句，其后需用不定式作目的状语，即“do what you can to do sth.”，意为“尽你所能去做某事”。故选用to practise。 5．Tom as well as his classmate ________ in the music room now. A．sing B．sings C．is singing D．are singing 【答案】C 【详解】句意：汤姆和他的同学现在正在音乐室里唱歌。 考查as well as就远一致原则。根据“now”可知，该句时态为现在进行时，其结构为：be+v-ing。as well as遵循就远一致原则，句中离谓语动词较远的主语是Tom，故be动词用is，故选C。 6．I find it easy _________ asleep in hot summer days. A．to fall B．fallen C．fell D．falling 【答案】A 【详解】句意：我发现在炎热的夏天很容易入睡。 固定句型find it + 形容词 + to do sth.表示“发现做某事是……的”，此处需用动词不定式作真正宾语，应填to fall。 7．Look at the ________ roads, a rainstorm must ________ last night. A．mud; happened B．mud; took place C．muddy; have taken place D．muddy; have happened 【答案】D 【详解】句意：看看这些泥泞的道路，昨晚一定下了一场暴雨。 考查形容词用法和动词用法。mud泥，名词；muddy泥泞的，形容词；happen发生，动词，指偶然发生；take place发生，动词短语，指有计划发生。第一空应用形容词作定语修饰名词roads，应用muddy；根据“a rainstorm must…last night”以及选项可知，昨晚一定下了一场暴雨，暴雨通常为偶然事件，第二空应用happen。故选D。 8．Every year, ________ wild animals jump over the river to run after the fresh grasses. A．thousands B．thousands of C．thousand of D．a thousand of 【答案】B 【详解】句意：每年，成千上万的野生动物跳过河流追逐新鲜的牧草。 考查数词用法。thousands是复数形式，不能直接修饰名词；thousands of成千上万的；thousand of形式错误；a thousand of形式错误。根据“wild animals”可知，此处是复数名词，且前面无具体数字。因此，此处表示不确定的数量，应用thousands of。故选B。 9．He didn’t work hard. ______ he failed the final exam. A．So that B．After all C．In a word D．As a result 【答案】D 【详解】句意：他没有努力学习。结果他期末考试不及格。So that以便于，after all毕竟，in a word总而言之，as a result结果。根据句意，前一句表示他没有努力学习，后一句表示他期末考试不及格，前后表示因果关系，故用as a result.故选D。 10．We benefit a lot ________ the speech given ________ the science engineer. A．from; by B．with; from C．from; from D．by; by 【答案】A 【详解】句意：我们从那位科学工程师的演讲中获益良多。 from从……；by由、被；with和……一起。benefit from为固定搭配，意为“从……中获益”；the speech given by sb意为“由某人所做的演讲”。应填from；by。 二、单词拼写 11．Our team had a friendly ________ to plan every step of the work. (discuss) 【答案】discussion 【详解】句意：我们的团队进行了友好的讨论，以规划工作的每一步。所给词“discuss”是动词，空格前“a friendly”后接可数名词单数，discuss的名词是discussion。故填discussion。 12．Victoria Falls is one of the ________ (amaze) waterfalls in the world. 【答案】most amazing 【详解】句意：维多利亚瀑布是世界上最令人惊叹的瀑布之一。根据“one of the”提示，后接形容词最高级形式。amaze的形容词形式是amazing，其最高级是most amazing。 13．The ________ (sand) beach in Sanya is very popular with tourists. 【答案】sandy 【详解】句意：三亚的沙滩非常受游客欢迎。根据“The…beach in Sanya is very popular with tourists.”可知，这里需要一个形容词修饰名词beach，sandy意为“沙质的，多沙的”，是sand的形容词形式，符合语境，说明三亚沙滩的特点使其受游客欢迎。故填sandy。 14．This scenic ________ (attract) is one of the most popular in the country. 【答案】attraction 【详解】句意：这个风景如画的景点是该国最受欢迎的景点之一。空格前“scenic”为形容词，后需接名词，提示词attract为动词，其名词形式是attraction；又因前面有指示代词“This”修饰，需用单数形式。故填attraction。 15．All the ________ (produce) from the factory pollute local soil. 【答案】products 【详解】句意：工厂的所有产品都污染了当地土壤。All后接名词复数形式，produce作动词，意为“生产”，名词形式为product“产品”，复数形式为products。 16．My father is busy with his ________ (busy) in Shanghai these days, so he can’t come back home. 【答案】business 【详解】句意：我父亲这些天在上海忙于他的生意，所以不能回家。根据“his”提示，此处应填名词作宾语。“busy”为形容词，其名词形式business“生意，事务”为不可数名词。 17．I met a ________ (village) on my way. Then I asked her the way to Sunshine Farm. 【答案】villager 【详解】句意：我在路上遇见一位村民，随后我向她打听去阳光农场的路。空格前有冠词a，后面用可数名词单数。故将village变成villager“村民”。 18．The rain ________ (short) makes crops grow slowly in Turpan every year. 【答案】shortage 【详解】句意：由于缺雨，吐鲁番的庄稼每年都长得很慢。结合“The rain...makes crops grow slowly”可知，这里是指缺雨，这里要填一个名词，作主语，所以这里要填short的名词形式shortage，意为“短缺”。 19．The ______ (develop) of the wheel changed how humans moved and worked. 【答案】development 【详解】句意：轮子的发展改变了人类出行和劳作的方式。 定冠词The后需要名词作句子主语，动词develop的名词形式是development，意为“发展，研发”。 20．Volunteer work can ________ (great) change our attitude towards life. 【答案】greatly 【详解】句意：志愿工作能极大地改变我们对生活的态度。此处用来修饰动词“change”，修饰动词要用副词，great的副词形式为greatly。 三、完形填空 阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。 I grew up in a small village near Yancheng. When I was a little boy, the village was quiet and simple. Most villagers lived a hard life at that time, and I always dreamed of leaving the village to see the outside world. At the age of 7, I started to study in a primary school near my home. It was only a small house with three old classrooms. We had no modern teaching facilities, not even electric lights in winter. Every day, I 21 to school with my classmates along a muddy road. We spent nearly an hour on the way on rainy days. Thirty years has 22 since I left the village to study in the city. Last month, I went back to my hometown with my daughter. I was greatly 23 by what I saw. The old primary school has gone. 24 , there stands a big teaching building with a large playground. Students can have PE classes and use computers in bright classrooms. The roads in the village are all wide and clean. People no longer walk or ride bikes to the town. Most families have their own cars. The muddy roads have become a 25 of the past. Every family has colour TVs, computers and even smart home systems. People can 26 online at home, and even work from home now. My father told me that the government has 27 many new projects to improve villagers’ life. They built a community centre, a library and a nursing home for the 28 . Villagers can read books, take exercise and join different activities in their free time. The changes are not only in buildings, but also in people’s 29 . In the past, most villagers only cared about daily food and clothes. But now, they pay more attention to children’s education, their own health and the village environment. Many young people have come back to start their own 30 after college. They bring new ideas and technology to the village. When I was leaving, I looked at the modern houses and the smiling faces of the villagers. I felt so 31 of my hometown. It has changed so much, but the warm and kind 32 of the villagers has never changed. I know that my hometown will become even better in the future, 33 all the villagers are working hard together. The changes of my hometown are just a small 34 of the development of China. Over the past decades, China has made amazing progress in every field. Every Chinese is 35 for the great changes of our country, and we all believe that our motherland will have a brighter future. 21．A．ran B．walked C．drove D．rode 22．A．passed B．came C．left D．moved 23．A．attracted B．shocked C．moved D．pleased 24．A．However B．Anyway C．Instead D．Otherwise 25．A．thing B．part C．story D．memory 26．A．shop B．travel C．learn D．all the above 27．A．started B．finished C．stopped D．changed 28．A．young B．old C．poor D．rich 29．A．life B．ideas C．jobs D．families 30．A．families B．lives C．businesses D．houses 31．A．proud B．afraid C．tired D．careful 32．A．house B．heart C．nature D．look 33．A．if B．though C．because D．while 34．A．example B．number C．picture D．map 35．A．sorry B．responsible C．famous D．thankful 【答案】 21．B 22．A 23．B 24．C 25．D 26．D 27．A 28．B 29．B 30．C 31．A 32．B 33．C 34．A 35．D 【解析】本文讲述了作者时隔三十年后回到家乡盐城附近的一个小村庄，亲眼见证家乡从破旧落后到焕然一新的巨大变化，感慨这些变化是中国发展的缩影，并为家乡和祖国感到自豪。 21．句意：每天我和同学们都会沿着泥泞的小路步行去上学。 根据文中泥泞小路、上学耗时久的背景，结合儿时上学的实际情况，只能是步行。walked表示步行；ran跑、drove开车、rode骑车都不符合当时生活条件。 22．句意：自从我离开村庄去城里求学，三十年的时光已经过去了。 固定句型： 一段时间+has passed since...表示“自从……已过去多久”。passed 表示（时间）流逝，其余词汇不符合时间表达。 23．句意：眼前焕然一新的景象让我深感震撼。 破旧乡村变成崭新模样，前后反差极大，作者内心是震惊的。shocked震惊的；attracted吸引、moved感动的、pleased高兴的，都体现不出这种强烈反差。 24．句意：老旧的小学已经消失了，取而代之的是一栋配有宽敞操场的教学楼。 前后是新旧事物对比替换关系，instead意为取而代之；however表转折，anyway、otherwise逻辑不符。 25．句意：泥泞难走的土路已经成为了过往的回忆。 旧时泥泞小路如今已消失，只留存记忆。memory回忆；thing东西、part部分、story故事均不符合语境。 26．句意：如今人们足不出户就可以在线购物、旅游、学习，甚至能在家办公。 家里配备电脑和智能设备，可实现居家购物、旅游、学习、办公，all the above表示“以上全部”。 27．句意：父亲告诉我，政府已经启动了许多新项目，用来改善村民的生活条件。 固定搭配start new projects启动新项目。started启动；finished完成、stopped停止、changed改变，均不符合句意。 28．句意：当地修建了社区中心、图书馆以及专供老年人居住的养老院。 养老院是为老年人设立的，the old表示老年人，其余人群不符合养老院服务对象。 29．句意：改变不仅体现在建筑设施上，也体现在人们的思想观念上。 后文写到人们从只关注温饱转变为重视教育、健康和环境，体现的是思想观念的变化，ideas想法、观念，符合语境。 30．句意：许多年轻人大学毕业后，选择回到家乡创办自己的事业。 年轻人回乡带来新技术、新理念，是回乡创业。businesses事业、产业；families家庭、lives生活、houses房屋，不符合语境。 31．句意：我为家乡翻天覆地的变化感到无比自豪。 看到家乡越来越好，内心充满自豪感。proud自豪的；afraid害怕的、tired疲惫的、careful细心的，均不符合心情。 32．句意：家乡的面貌改变了许多，但村民们淳朴善良的本心始终没变。 此处指村民善良温暖的品性与初心，heart本心、心地；house房屋、nature自然、look外貌，都不合句意。 33．句意：我坚信家乡的未来会更加美好，因为全体村民都在共同努力奋斗。 前后为因果关系，后句是前句的原因。because因为；if如果、though虽然、while当…… 时，逻辑不通。 34．句意：我家乡的发展变化，只是中国整体发展的一个小小缩影。 example例子、缩影，符合“家乡变化代表国家发展”的含义；number数字、picture图片、map地图，均不合适。 35．句意：每一位中国人都为祖国的巨大发展变化心怀感恩，我们都坚信祖国会拥有更加光明的未来。 面对祖国蓬勃发展，人们心怀感恩与珍惜。thankful感恩的；sorry抱歉的、responsible负责的、famous著名的，均不符合语境。 四、阅读理解 Changes in My Hometown My hometown is a small village in Jiangsu Province. Great changes have taken place there in the past ten years. Ten years ago, the roads in my hometown were narrow and dirty. There were only a few small shops. People lived in old houses. Most people went to work by bike or on foot. There was no park or library in the village. Children had no place to play or read after school. Now, the roads are wide and clean. Many new houses and tall buildings have been built. There are two big supermarkets and a new park. People can go shopping in the supermarkets and take a walk in the park after dinner. A new library was built last year. It has a lot of books and computers. Children can read books and surf the Internet there. People’s lives have also changed a lot. Many people have bought cars. They go to work by car. Some people have their own businesses. They become richer and richer. People also pay more attention to their health. They do exercise every morning. I have been away from my hometown for three years. I am very happy to see these changes. I hope my hometown will become more and more beautiful in the future. 36．Where is the writer’s hometown? A．In Zhejiang Province. B．In Jiangsu Province. C．In Shandong Province. D．In Anhui Province. 37．What were the roads like in the writer’s hometown ten years ago? A．Wide and clean. B．Narrow and dirty. C．Wide but dirty. D．Narrow but clean. 38．What was built last year in the writer’s hometown? A．A new park. B．Two big supermarkets. C．A new library. D．Many tall buildings. 39．Which of the following is NOT true according to the passage? A．People lived in old houses ten years ago. B．There was a park in the village ten years ago. C．Many people have bought cars now. D．People do exercise every morning now. 40．What can we infer from the passage? A．The writer doesn’t like his hometown. B．The writer will never go back to his hometown. C．The writer’s hometown has changed a lot. D．People in the writer’s hometown are not happy now. 【答案】36．B 37．B 38．C 39．B 40．C 【解析】本文介绍了作者家乡近十年来在环境、生活设施和居民生活方式上发生的巨大变化，展现了家乡的发展与进步。 36．根据第一段“My hometown is a small village in Jiangsu Province.”可知，作者的家乡在江苏省。 37．根据第二段“Ten years ago, the roads in my hometown were narrow and dirty.”可知，十年前家乡的道路又窄又脏。 38．根据第三段“A new library was built last year.”可知，去年家乡新建了一座图书馆。 39．根据第二段“There was no park or library in the village.”可知，十年前村里没有公园，选项B表述错误。 40．全文从道路、建筑、生活方式等方面描述了家乡的变化，可推断作者的家乡变化很大。 $