专题02 过去分词作宾补&定语-【简语法-暑假自习课】2026年英语-新高二语法复习 重难点逐项突破（人教版）

暑假 · 重难点突破 专题02过去分词作宾补&定语 新高二英语（人教版） 1. 熟悉“过去分词作宾补&定语”用法 2. 掌握“过去分词作宾补&定语”解题技巧 3. 轻松驾驭“过去分词作宾补&定语”真题 高一英语语法复习 - 过去分词作宾补&定语 一、过去分词作宾补&定语核心用法 用法分类 详细说明 & 示例 1. 过去分词作定语-前置定语 单个过去分词修饰名词时，放在名词前，表被动、完成的含义，是高一高频考点。 示例：a broken cup 一个破碎的杯子；a written report 一份书面报告；a polluted river 一条被污染的河流 2. 过去分词作定语-后置定语 过去分词短语修饰名词时，放在名词后，相当于一个省略了关系代词和be动词的定语从句，是考试核心难点。 示例：The book written by Lu Xun is very popular. = The book which was written by Lu Xun is very popular. The trees planted last year have grown tall. = The trees which were planted last year have grown tall. 3. 过去分词作宾补-使役动词搭配 基本结构：主语 + 使役动词 + 宾语 + 过去分词（宾补），表宾语是动作的承受者，动作已完成，是高一必考搭配。 高频使役动词：have/get/make/keep 示例：I had my hair cut yesterday. 我昨天剪了头发；She got her bike repaired. 她修了自行车；We should keep the door locked. 我们应该把门锁好。 4. 过去分词作宾补-感官动词搭配 基本结构：主语 + 感官动词 + 宾语 + 过去分词（宾补），表看到/听到/感觉到宾语被做了某事，动作已完成。 高频感官动词：see/hear/watch/feel/find/notice 示例：We saw the thief caught by the police. 我们看到小偷被警察抓住了；He found his room cleaned up. 他发现房间被打扫干净了。 5. 过去分词作宾补-意愿/命令动词搭配 基本结构：主语 + 意愿/命令动词 + 宾语 + 过去分词（宾补），表想要/需要/命令宾语被做某事。 高频动词：want/need/order/expect/require 示例：I want the work finished on time. 我想要工作按时完成；They ordered the letter sent at once. 他们要求信立刻寄出。 6. 定语&宾补核心区别 ① 作定语：修饰名词，说明名词的特征/状态，可前置/后置，与被修饰词是逻辑上的动宾关系； ② 作宾补：补充说明宾语的动作/状态，放在宾语之后，和宾语有逻辑上的动宾关系，是句子的补充成分，去掉后句子结构不完整。 7. 高频易错点提醒 ① 不可混淆过去分词和现在分词：过去分词表被动/完成，现在分词表主动/进行； ② 过去分词作宾补时，动作的承受者是宾语，不是主语； ③ 不规则动词的过去分词拼写要正确，是考试高频失分点； ④ 过去分词短语作定语时，必须放在被修饰名词之后，不能前置。 二、过去分词作宾补&定语解题技巧 详细方法 & 真题示例 快速判断题型的3个核心信号： 1. 选项中出现过去分词（done）、现在分词（doing）、不定式（to do）的辨析，大概率考非谓语动词作定语/宾补； 2. 题干中名词后有空格，且空格后是名词/代词，大概率考定语； 3. 题干中谓语动词后有宾语，宾语后有空格，大概率考宾补。 解题核心2步走，适用于90%以上的高一考题： 第一步：判断成分→看空格在句子中的位置，确定是作定语还是宾补； 第二步：判断主被动→看空格和被修饰词/宾语的逻辑关系，是主动用doing，被动用done。 示例：The girl ____ (dress) in red is my sister. → 第一步：空格修饰girl，作定语；第二步：girl和dress是被动关系，用dressed。 1. 主被动陷阱：不要只看主语，要看空格和被修饰词/宾语的逻辑关系，宾语是动作承受者就用过去分词； 2. 时态陷阱：过去分词本身表完成，不需要再加have/has，避免和谓语动词时态混淆； 3. 成分混淆陷阱：定语是修饰名词的，去掉后句子结构完整；宾补是补充宾语的，去掉后句子意思不完整，不要混淆； 4. 不规则动词陷阱：熟记高一高频不规则动词的过去分词，避免拼写错误导致失分。 【高一真题】From his ____ voice on the phone, I know everything is going well. A. satisfy B. satisfied C. satisfying D. to satisfy 解题步骤： 1. 第一步：判断成分→空格修饰名词voice，作定语，排除A（动词原形）、D（不定式）； 2. 第二步：判断主被动→voice和satisfy是被动关系，"感到满意的声音"，用过去分词satisfied，排除C（现在分词，表主动）； 答案：B 1. 先看选项，直接排除不符合非谓语形式的选项，缩小选择范围； 2. 先判断成分，再判断主被动，两步走，不要逐一代入； 3. 看到名词后有空格，优先考虑定语；看到谓语+宾语后有空格，优先考虑宾补； 4. 熟记高频固定搭配，如have sth done, get sth done，看到直接秒选过去分词。 一、单句语法填空：在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 1．Newspaper and audio equipment have been provided to keep local employees______________(inform) of the present affairs in Zambia. 2．Click here, and you will see a picture of an island______________ (join) to the mainland by a bridge. 3．Great importance should be attached to emotional or mental problems______________ (arise) from a physical cause. 4．It is surprising that there are still many people in the world______________   (starve) to death each year; that is, many people die for lack of food. 5．Public transportation cards______________ (feature) cultural relics are among the best-selling creative products. 6．Last night, there were millions of people______________ (enjoy) the opening ceremony live on TV. 7．This week’s magazine has a cover story______________ (feature) an interview with the Nobel Prize winner. 8．I had my washing machine______________ (fix) . 9．I found my wallet______________ (steal) when I got to the cinema. 10．There were lots of options, with bread and butter, chicken pie and puddings______________ (include), but I still missed my mum’s cooking! 11．I need a new passport so I will have my photograph ____________ (take). 12．The picture______________ (illustrate) in this article tells us a meaningful life story. 13．Some______________(process) food is regarded to be harmful to our body. 14．The event,______________ (schedule) to take place next month, is aimed at raising people’s awareness of environmental protection. 15．Unfortunately, many fans had their personal belongings______________ (steal) in the Midi Modern Music Festival in Nan Yang. 16．We found him______________ (stick) inside the lift, feeling quite anxious. 17．If you’ve never experienced the “sunshine scent” from a sheet or shirt______________ (leave) to sun for a day, well, you’re missing out on one of life’s wonders. 18．The book (write) by the famous writer is taught in class. 19．We will keep you______________ (update) on whatever information we receive about the company in East Asia and elsewhere. 20．However, nowadays people tend to believe that Chen Wangting, a 17th-century master of Chinese martial arts, developed tai chi______________ (base) on martial arts skills. 21．I drew the inside of the boa constrictor, so that the grown-ups could see it clearly. They always need to have things______________(explain). 22．Each item carefully______________ (label) with the contents and the dates was put back on the shelf. 23．I was wearing a newly______________ (acquire) jacket. 24．Not wanting to risk having her bike______________(steal), Nancy Jones decided to ride it home anyway. 25．By the time she was seven years old, she still couldn’t speak, read or write and needed to have everything______________ (do) for her. 26．I can smell something (burn) in the kitchen. 27．It is typical______________ him to leave his homework______________ (unfinish). 28．I’m sending you the book along with the material______________ (concern). 29．The device could be helpful in areas______________ (locate) far from a power grid (电网). 30．If public schools don’t work out a plan on how much they will spend next year and have it （approve）, they may not get enough money from the government. 二、完成句子 1. 这所大学有很多选修课，从艺术到动物学等各类课程。 There are many optional courses for students in this university, ___________ ___________ art ___________ zoology. 2. 河豚鱼有九十多种，都属于四齿科。 There are over ninety species of puffer-fish all __________ __________ the family Tetraodontidae. 3. The film which was adapted from a true story left a deep impression on me. （用分词作定语改写） The film ________________ ________________ a true story left a deep impression on me. 4. These are English textbooks _________ (专门为……设计) primary school students. (用非谓语结构) (根据汉语提示完成句子) 5. The teacher was tired of the countless troubles ___________ a___________ (导致；引起) by the boys. (根据中英文提示填空) 6. The millions of results ___________ ___________ by search engines turned out to be totally useless. 搜索引擎调出的海量结果实则毫无用处。 7. 这些天，我和我的同学一起根据英语课文改编了一个短剧。 These days, I, together with my classmates, have adapted a short play _________________________．(分词作定语) 8. The girl____________________________is my daughter(坐在我旁边的).(根据汉语提示完成句子) 9. The project________________________________________________ (在规定时间内完成) is something we should all bear in mind. (根据汉语提示完成句子) 10. 他最新的研究旨在寻找治疗该疾病的方法，现已取得了重大突破。 His latest research, ___________ finding a cure for the disease, has made a major breakthrough. 三、语法填空 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Young Chinese inventors are actively shaping the future through innovation — among them, a team from Tsinghua University has developed a low-cost, no-flush (非水冲) household toilet system 1 (design) for cold and dry regions without sewer (下水道) networks. This waterless toilet system offers an integrated 2 (solve) balancing environmental sustainability, user-friendly design, and economic practicality. Data shows that as of 2022, 3 (globe) 3.5 billion people still lack access to safe sanitation (卫生设备和系统). Poor sanitation causes diseases killing 800 children under five every day. In rural China, 25 percent of households still rely on dirty 4 (toilet) — particularly in water-scarce, frozen regions 5 sewer systems are much too costly, according to the team. Over the past decade, the team 6 (make) inspection tours to 64 villages in over 20 provinces across China, with their invention benefiting nearly 9,000 households by May. Particularly tailored to rural households in challenging climates, it has greatly improved public health 7 generated environmental outcomes. The design is also China’s national winner of the 2025 James Dyson Award, 8 international design award that celebrates, encourages and inspires the next generation of design engineers. Since the award’s introduction 9 China in 2016, it has inspired over 20,000 Chinese university students to participate, receiving more than 3,500 10 (origin) designs. 6 / 6乐思英语 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $暑假 · 重难点突破 专题02过去分词作宾补&定语 新高二英语（人教版） 1. 熟悉“过去分词作宾补&定语”用法 2. 掌握“过去分词作宾补&定语”解题技巧 3. 轻松驾驭“过去分词作宾补&定语”真题 高一英语语法复习 - 过去分词作宾补&定语 一、过去分词作宾补&定语核心用法 用法分类 详细说明 & 示例 1. 过去分词作定语-前置定语 单个过去分词修饰名词时，放在名词前，表被动、完成的含义，是高一高频考点。 示例：a broken cup 一个破碎的杯子；a written report 一份书面报告；a polluted river 一条被污染的河流 2. 过去分词作定语-后置定语 过去分词短语修饰名词时，放在名词后，相当于一个省略了关系代词和be动词的定语从句，是考试核心难点。 示例：The book written by Lu Xun is very popular. = The book which was written by Lu Xun is very popular. The trees planted last year have grown tall. = The trees which were planted last year have grown tall. 3. 过去分词作宾补-使役动词搭配 基本结构：主语 + 使役动词 + 宾语 + 过去分词（宾补），表宾语是动作的承受者，动作已完成，是高一必考搭配。 高频使役动词：have/get/make/keep 示例：I had my hair cut yesterday. 我昨天剪了头发；She got her bike repaired. 她修了自行车；We should keep the door locked. 我们应该把门锁好。 4. 过去分词作宾补-感官动词搭配 基本结构：主语 + 感官动词 + 宾语 + 过去分词（宾补），表看到/听到/感觉到宾语被做了某事，动作已完成。 高频感官动词：see/hear/watch/feel/find/notice 示例：We saw the thief caught by the police. 我们看到小偷被警察抓住了；He found his room cleaned up. 他发现房间被打扫干净了。 5. 过去分词作宾补-意愿/命令动词搭配 基本结构：主语 + 意愿/命令动词 + 宾语 + 过去分词（宾补），表想要/需要/命令宾语被做某事。 高频动词：want/need/order/expect/require 示例：I want the work finished on time. 我想要工作按时完成；They ordered the letter sent at once. 他们要求信立刻寄出。 6. 定语&宾补核心区别 ① 作定语：修饰名词，说明名词的特征/状态，可前置/后置，与被修饰词是逻辑上的动宾关系； ② 作宾补：补充说明宾语的动作/状态，放在宾语之后，和宾语有逻辑上的动宾关系，是句子的补充成分，去掉后句子结构不完整。 7. 高频易错点提醒 ① 不可混淆过去分词和现在分词：过去分词表被动/完成，现在分词表主动/进行； ② 过去分词作宾补时，动作的承受者是宾语，不是主语； ③ 不规则动词的过去分词拼写要正确，是考试高频失分点； ④ 过去分词短语作定语时，必须放在被修饰名词之后，不能前置。 二、过去分词作宾补&定语解题技巧 详细方法 & 真题示例 快速判断题型的3个核心信号： 1. 选项中出现过去分词（done）、现在分词（doing）、不定式（to do）的辨析，大概率考非谓语动词作定语/宾补； 2. 题干中名词后有空格，且空格后是名词/代词，大概率考定语； 3. 题干中谓语动词后有宾语，宾语后有空格，大概率考宾补。 解题核心2步走，适用于90%以上的高一考题： 第一步：判断成分→看空格在句子中的位置，确定是作定语还是宾补； 第二步：判断主被动→看空格和被修饰词/宾语的逻辑关系，是主动用doing，被动用done。 示例：The girl ____ (dress) in red is my sister. → 第一步：空格修饰girl，作定语；第二步：girl和dress是被动关系，用dressed。 1. 主被动陷阱：不要只看主语，要看空格和被修饰词/宾语的逻辑关系，宾语是动作承受者就用过去分词； 2. 时态陷阱：过去分词本身表完成，不需要再加have/has，避免和谓语动词时态混淆； 3. 成分混淆陷阱：定语是修饰名词的，去掉后句子结构完整；宾补是补充宾语的，去掉后句子意思不完整，不要混淆； 4. 不规则动词陷阱：熟记高一高频不规则动词的过去分词，避免拼写错误导致失分。 【高一真题】From his ____ voice on the phone, I know everything is going well. A. satisfy B. satisfied C. satisfying D. to satisfy 解题步骤： 1. 第一步：判断成分→空格修饰名词voice，作定语，排除A（动词原形）、D（不定式）； 2. 第二步：判断主被动→voice和satisfy是被动关系，"感到满意的声音"，用过去分词satisfied，排除C（现在分词，表主动）； 答案：B 1. 先看选项，直接排除不符合非谓语形式的选项，缩小选择范围； 2. 先判断成分，再判断主被动，两步走，不要逐一代入； 3. 看到名词后有空格，优先考虑定语；看到谓语+宾语后有空格，优先考虑宾补； 4. 熟记高频固定搭配，如have sth done, get sth done，看到直接秒选过去分词。 一、单句语法填空：在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 1．Newspaper and audio equipment have been provided to keep local employees (inform) of the present affairs in Zambia. 【答案】informed 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：已经提供了报纸和音响设备，以便当地员工了解赞比亚的时事动态。本句谓语为have been provided，空处为非谓语动词，且employees与inform为被动关系，应用过去分词informed，作宾补。故填informed。 2．Click here, and you will see a picture of an island (join) to the mainland by a bridge. 【答案】joined 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：点击这里，你会看到一幅由一座桥与大陆相连的岛屿的图片。句中谓语是will see，空格处用非谓语动词，island和join之间是逻辑动宾关系，因此空格处用过去分词表被动，故填joined。 3．Great importance should be attached to emotional or mental problems (arise) from a physical cause. 【答案】arising 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：对身体原因引起的情绪或精神问题应给予高度重视。分析句子结构可知arise与逻辑主语problems构成主动关系，故用现在分词作定语。故填arising。 4．It is surprising that there are still many people in the world     (starve) to death each year; that is, many people die for lack of food. 【答案】starving 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：令人惊讶的是，世界上每年仍有许多人饿死；也就是说，很多人死于缺乏食物。从句中已有谓语are，此空应是非谓语形式。people与starve是主谓关系，此空应是现在分词starving，作后置定语。故填starving。 5．Public transportation cards (feature) cultural relics are among the best-selling creative products. 【答案】featuring 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：以文物为主题的公交卡是最畅销的创意产品之一。此处feature与cards构成主动关系，故用现在分词作定语。故填featuring。 6．Last night, there were millions of people (enjoy) the opening ceremony live on TV. 【答案】enjoying 【详解】考查非谓语。句意：昨晚，数百万人在电视上观看了开幕式的现场直播。空处在句中作非谓语，动词enjoy与其逻辑主语people构成逻辑上的主动关系，故用现在分词的形式做后置定语。故填enjoying。 7．This week’s magazine has a cover story (feature) an interview with the Nobel Prize winner. 【答案】featuring 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：这周的杂志封面故事刊登了一篇对诺贝尔奖获得者的采访。此处修饰名词story，feature和story为逻辑主谓关系，应用现在分词形式，作后置定语。故填featuring。 8．I had my washing machine (fix) . 【答案】fixed 【详解】考查过去分词。句意：我把洗衣机修好了。分析句子可知，设空处为宾语补足语，和宾语之间是被动关系，应用过去分词，故填fixed。 9．I found my wallet (steal) when I got to the cinema. 【答案】stolen 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：当我到达电影院时，我发现我的钱包被偷了。此处为：find+宾语+宾语补足语，wallet与动词steal之间为被动关系，应用过去分词作宾补，故填stolen。 10．There were lots of options, with bread and butter, chicken pie and puddings (include), but I still missed my mum’s cooking! 【答案】included 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：有很多选择，包括面包和黄油、鸡肉派和布丁，但我还是想念妈妈做的饭！此处是“with +宾语+宾语补足语”结构，include与宾语bread and butter, chicken pie and puddings为被动关系，需用过去分词，作宾语补足语。故填included。 11．I need a new passport so I will have my photograph (take). 【答案】taken 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：我需要一本新护照，所以我要去拍照片。have sth done为固定用法，my photograph和take为被动关系，需用过去分词作宾语补足语。故填taken。 12．The picture (illustrate) in this article tells us a meaningful life story. 【答案】illustrated 【详解】句意：这篇文章里展示的这幅图片讲述了一个富有意义的人生故事。此句已有谓语动词tells，空处应填非谓语形式；the picture与illustrate之间是被动关系，应用过去分词作后置定语，illustrate的过去分词为illustrated。 13．Some (process) food is regarded to be harmful to our body. 【答案】processed 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：一些加工食品被认为对我们的身体有害。设空在句中做定语，与名词food之间为被动关系，所以用过去分词形式，意为“被加工的”。故填processed。 14．The event, (schedule) to take place next month, is aimed at raising people’s awareness of environmental protection. 【答案】scheduled 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：该活动定于下个月举行，旨在提高人们的环保意识。已有谓语动词is aimed at，空处需填非谓语动词作后置定语，the event和schedule为逻辑动宾关系，需用过去分词形式。故填scheduled。 15．Unfortunately, many fans had their personal belongings (steal) in the Midi Modern Music Festival in Nan Yang. 【答案】stolen 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：不幸的是，在南阳的迷笛现代音乐节上，许多歌迷的私人物品被偷了。此处为have+宾语+宾补结构，且their personal belongings与steal构成被动关系，故用过去分词作宾补。故填stolen。 16．We found him (stick) inside the lift, feeling quite anxious. 【答案】stuck 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：我们发现他被困在电梯里，很着急。此处stick与him构成被动关系，故用过去分词作宾补。故填stuck。 17．If you’ve never experienced the “sunshine scent” from a sheet or shirt (leave) to sun for a day, well, you’re missing out on one of life’s wonders. 【答案】left 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：如果你从未体验过晒了一天的床单或衬衫散发出的“阳光气息”，那么你就错过了生活中的一大奇迹。分析句子可知，设空处应填非谓语动词作后置定语，修饰名词a sheet or shirt，且a sheet or shirt与leave之间是被动关系，应用过去分词形式left。故填left。 18．The book (write) by the famous writer is taught in class. 【答案】written 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：那位著名作家写的书在课堂上教授。分析句子结构可知，此处应为非谓语动词作后置定语，write与book之间为被动关系，且该动作已经发生，所以使用过去分词形式。故填written。 19．We will keep you (update) on whatever information we receive about the company in East Asia and elsewhere. 【答案】updated 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：我们将让您了解我们在东亚收到的关于公司和其他地方的任何信息。update“向……提供最新信息；更新”作宾语补足语，解释说明you；二者之间是被动关系，用过去分词作宾语补足语。故填updated。 20．However, nowadays people tend to believe that Chen Wangting, a 17th-century master of Chinese martial arts, developed tai chi (base) on martial arts skills. 【答案】based 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：然而，如今人们倾向于认为 17 世纪的中国武术大师陈王廷是在武术技巧的基础上发展了太极拳。that引导的宾语从句中已有谓语动词developed，所以base要用非谓语动词形式。base...on...表示“以……为基础”，tai chi与base之间是被动关系，即“太极拳被基于武术技巧发展而来”，所以要用过去分词based作后置定语，修饰tai chi。故填based。 21．I drew the inside of the boa constrictor, so that the grown-ups could see it clearly. They always need to have things (explain). 【答案】explained 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：为于是我把大蟒蛇的肚子里面也画了出来，好让大人们看个明白。大人们老是要人解释。分析句子结构，空格处在句中作宾语补足语，have sth. done意为“使某事被做”，符合句意。故填explained。 22．Each item carefully (label) with the contents and the dates was put back on the shelf. 【答案】labelled 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：每件物品都仔细地贴上了内容物和日期的标签，放回了架子上。空格处作后置定语，被修饰名词item和动词label之间为逻辑上的被动关系，应用过去分词形式。故填labelled。 23．I was wearing a newly (acquire) jacket. 【答案】acquired 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：我穿着一件新买的夹克。acquire和jacket之间是动宾关系，所以应用过去分词，作定语。故填acquired。 24．Not wanting to risk having her bike (steal), Nancy Jones decided to ride it home anyway. 【答案】stolen 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：南希·琼斯不想冒自行车被偷的风险，还是决定骑着它回家。have sth. done表示“让某物被……”，过去分词作宾补。her bike和steal之间是动宾关系，这里用过去分词。故填stolen。 25．By the time she was seven years old, she still couldn’t speak, read or write and needed to have everything (do) for her. 【答案】done 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：到她七岁的时候，她仍然不能说、不能读、不能写，仍然需要别人为她做所有的事情。have sth. done固定搭配，意为“让某事被做”，宾语everything和动词do是被动关系，用过去分词形式作宾补，故填done。 26．I can smell something (burn) in the kitchen. 【答案】burnt 【详解】考查过去分词。句意：我能闻见厨房里某种东西被烧着了。空格处是宾补，由于它与宾语something是被动关系，因此要用过去分词。故填burnt。 27．It is typical him to leave his homework (unfinish). 【答案】 of unfinished 【详解】考查固定短语和非谓语动词。句意：他没有完成家庭作业，这是他的典型作风。第一空be typical of (是……的特点)为固定搭配，空处需填介词of；第二空“leave+宾语+宾语补足语”结构，空处需填非谓语动词作宾语补足语，his homework和unfinish为逻辑动宾关系，需填过去分词形式表被动。故填①of；②unfinished。 28．I’m sending you the book along with the material (concern). 【答案】concerned 【详解】句意：我把这本书连同相关材料一起寄给你。此处是with的独立主格结构，with+宾语+宾语补足语，the material和concern之间是被动关系，故答案为concerned。 29．The device could be helpful in areas (locate) far from a power grid (电网). 【答案】located 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：这一设备对那些离电网很远的地区来说，是很有帮助的。此处作定语，修饰areas，areas与locate之间为被动关系，故应用过去分词作后置定语，故填located。 30．If public schools don’t work out a plan on how much they will spend next year and have it （approve）, they may not get enough money from the government. 【答案】approved 【详解】考查过去分词。句意：如果公立学校没有制定出明年的支出计划并获得批准，他们可能无法从政府获得足够的资金。分析句子可知，此处要做it的宾语补足语，和it之间为被动的关系，应用过去分词，have sth. done“让某事被做”。故填approved。 二、完成句子 1. 这所大学有很多选修课，从艺术到动物学等各类课程。 There are many optional courses for students in this university, ________ ________ art ________ zoology. 【答案】 ranging from to 【详解】考查动词短语和非谓语动词。分析句子结构和意思可知，这里考查表示“从...到...不等”的意思对应的动词短语range from...to...在句中做后置定语，修饰前面的名词courses，动作range是名词courses主动发出的，所以用现在分词形式。故填ranging from to。 2. 河豚鱼有九十多种，都属于四齿科。 There are over ninety species of puffer-fish all _______ _______ the family Tetraodontidae. 【答案】 belonging to 【详解】考查非谓语动词和固定短语。all指代species of puffer-fish。表示“属于”用belong to，本句谓语为are，此处为非谓语动词，且belong to与逻辑主语species of puffer-fish构成主动关系，应用现在分词，作后置定语。故填belonging to。 3. The film which was adapted from a true story left a deep impression on me. （用分词作定语改写） The film __________ __________ a true story left a deep impression on me. 【答案】 adapted from 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：这部根据真实事件改编的电影给我留下了深刻的印象。which引导定语从句修饰the film，此处可以去掉which was，用过去分词短语adapted from作后置定语。故填①adapted②from。 4. These are English textbooks ______ (专门为……设计) primary school students. (用非谓语结构) (根据汉语提示完成句子) 【答案】designed for 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：这些是专门为小学生设计的英语教科书。根据汉语提示，表示“专门为……设计”表达为be designed for，句中are为谓语动词，设空处使用过去分词作后置定语修饰English textbooks。故填designed for。 5. The teacher was tired of the countless troubles ________ a________ (导致；引起) by the boys. (根据中英文提示填空) 【答案】 brought about 【详解】考查动词短语和非谓语动词。句意：老师对男孩子们带来的无数麻烦感到厌烦。空处应填非谓语动词的形式，根据首字母及汉语提示可知，应用动词短语bring about，troubles与bring about之间为被动关系，应用过去分词，作后置定语。故填①brought；②about。 6. The millions of results ________ ________ by search engines turned out to be totally useless. 搜索引擎调出的海量结果实则毫无用处。 【答案】 dug out 【详解】“调出”对应固定短语dig out；空格部分作后置定语修饰主语The millions of results，results与dig out之间为被动关系，所以使用过去分词形式dug out。 7. 这些天，我和我的同学一起根据英语课文改编了一个短剧。 These days, I, together with my classmates, have adapted a short play ________________．(分词作定语) 【答案】based on/upon the English text 【详解】考查过去分词。根据......为be based on/upon，本句为过去分词作定语，英语课文为 English text。故填based on/upon the English text。 8. The girl___________________is my daughter(坐在我旁边的).(根据汉语提示完成句子) 【答案】sitting by my side 【详解】考查固定短语和非谓语动词。句意：坐在我旁边的女孩是我的女儿。根据汉语提示，需要填入的设空部分为：坐在我旁边的。Sit坐；by one’s side为固定短语，意为“在某人旁边”，my我的。分析句子结构，整个句子的谓语动词是is，设空处需填非谓语动词形式作后置定语，the girl和sit为主谓关系，需用现在分词形式。故填sitting by my side。 9. The project______________________________ (在规定时间内完成) is something we should all bear in mind. (根据汉语提示完成句子) 【答案】completed within the specific time 【详解】考查动词和名词。句意：这项需要在规定时间内完成的项目，是我们所有人都应该牢记在心的事情。根据句意和中文提示可知，表示“完成”应用complete，为动词，在本句中为非谓语，主语The project与complete为被动关系，再由语境可知，这里应用过去分词作定语；表示“在规定时间内”应用within the specific time，为介词短语作状语。故填completed within the specific time。 10. 他最新的研究旨在寻找治疗该疾病的方法，现已取得了重大突破。 His latest research, ________ finding a cure for the disease, has made a major breakthrough. 【答案】aimed at 【详解】考查动词短语。“旨在”用动词短语aim at表示，在句中作后置定语，用非谓语形式，与其逻辑主语research之间是被动关系，用过去分词表被动。故填aimed at。 三、语法填空 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Young Chinese inventors are actively shaping the future through innovation — among them, a team from Tsinghua University has developed a low-cost, no-flush (非水冲) household toilet system 1 (design) for cold and dry regions without sewer (下水道) networks. This waterless toilet system offers an integrated 2 (solve) balancing environmental sustainability, user-friendly design, and economic practicality. Data shows that as of 2022, 3 (globe) 3.5 billion people still lack access to safe sanitation (卫生设备和系统). Poor sanitation causes diseases killing 800 children under five every day. In rural China, 25 percent of households still rely on dirty 4 (toilet) — particularly in water-scarce, frozen regions 5 sewer systems are much too costly, according to the team. Over the past decade, the team 6 (make) inspection tours to 64 villages in over 20 provinces across China, with their invention benefiting nearly 9,000 households by May. Particularly tailored to rural households in challenging climates, it has greatly improved public health 7 generated environmental outcomes. The design is also China’s national winner of the 2025 James Dyson Award, 8 international design award that celebrates, encourages and inspires the next generation of design engineers. Since the award’s introduction 9 China in 2016, it has inspired over 20,000 Chinese university students to participate, receiving more than 3,500 10 (origin) designs. 【答案】 1. designed 2. solution 3. globally 4. toilets 5. where 6. has made 7. and 8. an 9. to 10. original 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了清华大学团队研发的适用于寒冷干旱、无下水道网络地区的低成本非水冲家用厕所系统，以及该发明的背景、应用成效和所获荣誉。 【详解】1. 考查非谓语动词。句意：中国年轻的发明家正通过创新积极塑造未来——其中，清华大学的一个团队研发了一款低成本、非水冲的家用厕所系统，该系统专为寒冷干旱且无下水道网络的地区设计。句中已有谓语has developed，空格处用非谓语形式，system与design之间是被动关系，此处用过去分词作后置定语。故填designed。 2. 考查名词。句意：这款无水厕所系统提供了一个综合解决方案，兼顾了环境可持续性、人性化设计和经济实用性。integrated为形容词，后接名词，括号词solve是动词，其名词形式是solution，且前有an修饰，用单数形式。故填solution。 3. 考查副词。句意：数据显示，截至2022年，全球有35亿人仍无法获得安全的卫生设施。空格处应用副词，译为“全球地”，在句中作状语，修饰全句，globe为名词，其副词形式为globally。故填globally。 4. 考查名词。句意：该团队表示，在中国农村，25%的家庭仍在使用卫生条件差的厕所——尤其是在缺水、冰冻的地区，这些地区的下水道系统造价过高。toilet为可数名词，根据前文25 percent of households可知，此处表示多个厕所，用复数形式。故填toilets。 5. 考查定语从句。句意：该团队表示，在中国农村，25%的家庭仍在使用卫生条件差的厕所——尤其是在缺水、冰冻的地区，这些地区的下水道系统造价过高。此处考查定语从句，先行词为regions，指物，关系词在定语从句中作地点状语，用关系副词where引导。故填where。 6. 考查谓语动词。句意：在过去十年里，该团队已前往中国20多个省份的64个村庄进行考察，截至5月，他们的发明已惠及近9000户家庭。根据Over the past decade可知，句子用现在完成时，主语the team为单数。故填has made。 7. 考查连词。句意：该系统专为气候恶劣地区的农村家庭量身定制，极大改善了公共卫生状况，并产生了环境效益。improved public health和generated environmental outcomes是并列关系，用连词and连接。故填and。 8. 考查冠词。句意：该设计还获得了2025年戴森设计大奖的中国区冠军，这一国际设计大奖旨在表彰、鼓励和启发下一代设计工程师。award为可数名词，此处表示“一个国际设计大奖”，且international以元音音素开头，用不定冠词an。故填an。 9. 考查介词。句意：自该奖项2016年进入中国以来，已激励超过2万名中国大学生参与，收到了3500多份原创设计作品。introduction to + 地点，表示“在某地的推广/引入”，为固定搭配。故填to。 10. 考查形容词。句意：自该奖项2016年进入中国以来，已激励超过2万名中国大学生参与，收到了3500多份原创设计作品。空格处修饰designs，需用形容词，括号词origin是名词，其形容词形式为original。故填original。 12 / 12乐思英语 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $