Unit 6 At one with nature（暑假单元自测）新高一英语外研版必修第一册

**基本信息** 外研版高中英语Unit 6“At one with nature”单元自测卷，聚焦人与自然主题，融合生态保护、科技前沿与文化传承情境，全面检测语言能力与跨文化意识，适配暑假单元复习。 **题型特征** |题型|题量/分值|知识覆盖|命题特色| |----|-----------|----------|----------| |单项选择|15题/15分|核心词汇（如harmony, soil）、语法（定语从句、时态）|基础巩固，语境化考查语言运用| |完形填空|15题/30分|文化场景词汇（如architecture, historical）、语篇衔接|以莫斯科红场为语篇，渗透文化意识| |阅读理解|3篇15题/30分|生态系统（A篇）、激光防雷科技（B篇）、中国铁路（C篇）|时代性素材，培养信息筛选与思维品质| |阅读表达|5题/10分|饮食文化差异分析|提升文本解读与语言表达能力| |书信写作|1题/15分|环保主题“我身边的变化”|结合社会热点，涵养家国情怀与书面表达能力|

Unit 6 At one with nature单元自测卷（外研版） （考试时间：100分钟 试卷满分：100分） 注意事项： 1．本试卷分第Ⅰ卷（选择题）和第Ⅱ卷（非选择题）两部分。答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上。 2．回答第Ⅰ卷时，选出每小题答案后，用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。写在本试卷上无效。 3．回答第Ⅱ卷时，将答案写在答题卡上。写在本试卷上无效。 4．考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。 第Ⅰ卷（选择题） 一、单项选择 1．— If we work on the project together, we should be able to complete it ahead of schedule. — ________! Many hands make light work. A．You bet B．Have fun C．Good job D．Forget it 2．It’s important for humans to live in ________ with nature instead of destroying the environment. A．peace B．harmony C．balance D．agreement 3．Farmers need to improve the quality of the ________ to ensure better growth of crops and vegetables. A．soil B．mineral C．region D．materials 4．The Electrolux Trilobite, the first robotic vacuum cleaner ________ for home use, went on sale in 2001. A．designed B．designs C．designing D．to design 5．The path up the mountain is so ________ that we have to hold onto the handrail (扶手) to avoid falling. A．neat B．shallow C．steep D．amazing 6．This is the old teacher to ________ many students owe their success, as she always encouraged them to pursue their dreams. A．that B．which C．who D．whom 7．The theory he firmly sticks to proves to be completely useless in his new job __________ he struggles to adjust, due to its conflict with new methods. A．when B．with which C．to which D．that 8．The next day, my brother and I went to the beach ________ we watched some people play volleyball. A．by which B．in which C．on which D．from which 9．They did not have enough staff, and the laboratory ________ they worked had poor air quality. A．for which B．in which C．during which D．on which 10．Lisa covered her mouth with her hands ______ other people would see her cry. A．in case B．so that C．unless D．now that 11．I ________ down the road with two friends when the sun set. A．am walking B．walk C．was walking D．walked 12．If you stick to it, this plan ________ you a slim figure and a healthy body. A．ensured B．will ensure C．was to ensure D．has ensured 13．Thanks to increasing computer power, important advances ________ in medicine and environmental science so far. A．are made B．were made C．will be made D．have been made 14．— Could you do me a favor and take the box up to the sixth floor? — __________. A．No comment B．With pleasure C．No wonder D．My pleasure 15．______ the classic Shi Ji, the only great historical works I had been exposed to were Homer’s epic poems. A．Prior to B．Due to C．In addition to D．Contrary to 二、完形填空 If you’ve never been to Moscow, you should go and see this fantastic city. There, you can 16 Russian culture first-hand, especially if you are a(n) 17 lover. One of the many exciting parts 18 the famous Red Square that has a magical effect on all visitors to Moscow. From Red Square, you can see the most important 19 in the capital: the Kremlin, the State Historical Museum and of course, the Saint Basil’s Cathedral with domes (穹顶) that look like a beautiful stone flower 20 by the architects of the 16th century. Not many people realize that Red Square’s 21 has nothing to do with Communism (共产主义) or Soviet Russia. The Old Russian word for “beautiful” and “red” was the 22 ; Red Square means “Beautiful Square.” All major streets in Moscow radiate (向周围伸展) from here, and Red Square is the 23 square of Moscow 24 the symbolic center of all Russia. Its history 25 the 1490s when a new red-brick Kremlin was built. Businessmen from all over the world came to 26 here and the square became a big market. On days of great festivals, there were many celebrations here, turning the 27 into an open-air gathering (聚集) place. Moscow’s tourists travel to the Red Square to 28 its beautiful architecture and history. Besides the square, there are so many places of 29 in this beautiful city. If you are visiting Europe, don’t forget to see Red Square with your own 30 . 16．A．remember B．create C．record D．experience 17．A．nature B．festival C．history D．architecture 18．A．means B．finds C．includes D．requires 19．A．buildings B．streets C．bricks D．celebrations 20．A．watered B．planted C．hidden D．covered 21．A．name B．size C．shape D．future 22．A．unknown B．same C．right D．opposite 23．A．public B．main C．central D．only 24．A．as far as B．as soon as C．as long as D．as well as 25．A．faces up to B．looks forward to C．gives way to D．dates back to 26．A．visit B．trade C．live D．study 27．A．museum B．square C．market D．state 28．A．accept B．check C．appreciate D．miss 29．A．interest B．business C．power D．creativity 30．A．car B．friends C．mind D．eyes 3、 阅读理解 A The Web of Life Every living thing on Earth is connected. An ecosystem is a community of plants, animals, and microorganisms interacting with their physical environment. Ecosystems can be as small as a pond or as large as an entire forest. They provide essential services that humans often take for granted. Forests purify the air, store carbon, and produce oxygen. Wetlands filter pollutants from water and absorb floodwaters. Oceans regulate the climate and provide food for billions of people. Wildlife is an integral part of these systems. Every species, from the smallest insect to the largest whale, plays a role. Pollinators like bees and butterflies help plants reproduce. Predators like wolves keep prey populations in check. Decomposers like fungi break down dead matter, returning nutrients to the soil. When one species disappears, it can trigger a cascade of effects throughout the ecosystem. For example, the loss of sea otters led to an explosion of sea urchins, which then destroyed kelp forests, which were home to many fish species. Forests are among the most biodiverse ecosystems on the planet. The Amazon rainforest alone is home to an estimated 10 percent of all known species. Mountains, with their steep slopes and varying altitudes, host unique plants and animals adapted to harsh conditions. Rivers provide fresh water and serve as migration routes for fish. Oceans cover more than 70 percent of the Earth's surface and contain the largest volume of living space. Coral reefs, sometimes called the rainforests of the sea, support a quarter of all marine species despite covering less than one percent of the ocean floor. Wetlands are transitional zones between land and water. They are breeding grounds for birds, fish, and amphibians. They also act as natural sponges, reducing flooding and erosion. Natural resources such as fresh water, fertile soil, and timber are finite. Human activities like overfishing, deforestation, and pollution are pushing ecosystems to the brink. Protecting these systems is not just about saving cute animals; it is about preserving the life-support systems that all humans depend on. 31．What service do wetlands provide according to the passage? A．They produce oxygen. B．They filter pollutants and absorb floodwaters. C．They regulate the climate. D．They provide timber. 32．What happened when sea otters disappeared? A．Sea urchins decreased. B．Sea urchins exploded and destroyed kelp forests. C．Fish populations increased. D．Coral reefs grew. 33．What percentage of marine species do coral reefs support? A．About 5 percent. B．About 15 percent. C．About 25 percent. D．About 50 percent. 34．Why are natural resources described as "finite"? A．Because they are unlimited. B．Because they can be used up if not managed carefully. C．Because they are found everywhere. D．Because they are renewable forever. 35．What is the main idea of the passage? A．Only forests matter for the environment. B．Humans do not depend on natural resources. C．Ecosystems and wildlife are interconnected, and their protection is essential for human survival. D．Oceans are the only important ecosystem. B Lightning can be extremely powerful and cause serious problems on the ground. Lightning strikes can cause fires, destroy buildings, and kill people. The damage from lightning costs billions of dollars every year. In the US, lightning strikes caused the death of about 450 people between 2006 and 2021. Less lightning means fewer losses in human life, and that’s why scientists have been working on the related technology to improve lightning protection. Currently, the best way to protect buildings from lightning is by putting metal rods (杆) on the buildings. These rods are connected to the ground. The lightning is attracted to the rods, which safely guide the electricity into the ground. But lightning rods can only protect a small area. If a building is very large, it needs a lot of lightning rods. But some buildings, such as airports, are so large that it’s difficult to protect the whole building using lightning rods. One idea is to use lasers (激光) to guide lightning, which is not novel. Scientists have been working on it for over 20 years and have successfully guided lightning with lasers inside a laboratory. But scientists hadn’t been able to guide lightning with lasers outside until the summer of 2021. Using a powerful laser that can fire about 1,000 times a second, scientists in Switzerland were able to guide lightning strikes for 164 feet. The heat from the laser creates a path of air that is less thick than the air around it. The path also has a special charge (电荷). The lightning can follow this path almost as if it were a lightning rod. That the scientists managed to experiment with the laser in an outdoor environment is a very big step. Despite the progress, the laser still didn’t guide the lightning as far as the scientists would like. To protect buildings from most lightning, lasers will have to guide the lightning for a much longer distance. Lasers are also very expensive. It will probably take 10 or more years before a laser like this is truly able to protect large buildings. 36．What is the author’s purpose in writing the first paragraph? A．To encourage readers to use lightning rods. B．To call on readers to protect the environment. C．To explain the importance of preventing lightning. D．To remind readers to stay safe during lightning storms. 37．What is the disadvantage of lightning rods? A．Their short service life. B．Their limited coverage. C．Their expensive material. D．Their low speed of guiding electricity. 38．What does the underlined word “novel” in paragraph 3 refer to? A．New. B．Effective. C．Confusing. D．Costly. 39．What did the scientists use the laser for? A．Reducing the heat of lightning. B．Changing the path of lightning. C．Slowing down the speed of lightning. D．Protecting the lightning rod from damage. 40．What can be inferred from the last paragraph? A．The laser works better in a lab. B．The technology has yet to be perfected. C．The research result will soon benefit humans. D．The scientists think poorly of the lightning rod. C The three most wonderful train journeys provide the natural beauty of our motherland. Read on to see which line you want to start your journey with. Xining to Lhasa Length: around 1,900 km long         Price: 781 yuan for a soft sleeper The railway line is popular with travellers who want to visit Tibet. It is the longest high altitude (海拔) train trip in the world and is named as “the way to the sky”. Most of the line is over 4,000 meters. You can see Qinghai Lake outside the train’s windows. Chengdu to Kunming Length: around 1,100 km long         Price: 487.5 yuan for a second class The railway line has been in service since July 1970. From Chengdu, with an altitude of 400 meters or so, the train goes up to about 2,000 meters across mountains. This line is called Geological Museum (地质博物馆) because of the special geography along the railway line. Lhasa to Rikaze Length: around 250 km long             Price: 64 yuan for a soft seat This railway line connects to the Qinghai-Tibet Railway and has an altitude of above 3,600 meters. It makes Tibet travel easier for travellers, especially those who want to see Mount Qomolangma, the highest mountain in the world. 41．Why is Xining to Lhasa Railway called “the way to the sky”? A．Because most of it is over 4,000 meters. B．Because it gives travellers a feeling of flying. C．Because there are many high mountains along it. D．Because you can see Qinghai Lake outside the train’s windows. 42．How much should Mr. Green and his wife pay for their second-class tickets when they are planning a train trip from Chengdu to Kunming? A．781 yuan. B．975 yuan. C．551.5 yuan. D．487.5 yuan. 43．What can we know about Chengdu to Kunming Railway? A．It is about 2,000 kilometers long. B．It has been in service for 70 years. C．The price is 487.5 yuan for a first class. D．The geography along the line is special. 44．The railway from Lhasa to Rikaze makes it easier for travellers to see ______. A．Mount Qomolangma B．Geological Museum C．Qinghai Lake D．The way to the sky 45．Which of the following is true about the three wonderful railway lines? A．They go across Tibet all the way. B．They run from the east to the west of China. C．They take us to enjoy the nature of our country. D．They were built at the same time. 第Ⅱ卷（非选择题） 阅读表达 What is one of the best parts of traveling abroad? It’s the food , of course! Eating different foods native to a country, authentically (地道地) prepared by locals, is special. Trying these native foods will widen what you know about a country’s cuisine. I discovered that this is true for Chinese food. Chinese food in China is much more diverse and rich in tastes and spices (香料) than I had ever imagined before my travels. Before traveling to China, I was a little worried about whether I would really enjoy the food or not. I was not sure what types of food I would be trying, but I have always enjoyed eating Chinese food in Massachusetts. However, I was only used to the spring rolls and Gong Bao Chicken of American Chinese cuisine. Don’t get me wrong. I still love these dishes from my local Chinese restaurants! However, I did not realize how much variety of food there actually was to try in China and the cultural differences that I would learn to understand during my time abroad. In my first few days, I fell in love with one of Beijing’s most famous dishes called Peking duck. Some of my friends had told me that we were going to one of the best Peking duck restaurants in Beijing, and they were not wrong! The Peking duck we ate surprised us, with thin, crisp (酥脆的) skin on the outside, delicious duck meat on the inside and various tasty sauces. As I began trying new foods like Guilin mifen (rice noodles), I started to love these foods that I had never tried before in my life. While I was in Chengdu, I even learned about the ingredients (原料) of an authentic “huo guo”(hot pot). After my time abroad in China, I realized how much I enjoyed eating and trying new foods. I also soon realized that the Chinese food here in America is different from that actually in China. 46．What does the underlined word “this” in Paragraph 1 refer to? (no more than 15 words) 47．What does the underlined word “diverse” probably mean in Paragraph 1? (1 word) 48．What did the author worry about before going to China? (no more than 10 words) 49．What did the author think of Peking duck? (no more than 10 words) 50．What changes have you seen in the author? Please explain. (no more than 20 words) 四、书信写作 51．近年来，我们身边悄然发生着许多的变化：蓝天白云成为日常，河湖海湾可亲可近，脚下的每一寸土地也在悄然焕新……请以“我身边的变化”为题，写一篇英语短文，内容包括： 1. 你注意到的变化； 2. 你的切身感受。 注意：1. 写作词数应为80个左右； 2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。 Great Changes Around Me ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！1 8 / 9 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ Unit 6 At one with nature单元自测卷（外研版） （考试时间：100分钟 试卷满分：100分） 注意事项： 1．本试卷分第Ⅰ卷（选择题）和第Ⅱ卷（非选择题）两部分。答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上。 2．回答第Ⅰ卷时，选出每小题答案后，用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。写在本试卷上无效。 3．回答第Ⅱ卷时，将答案写在答题卡上。写在本试卷上无效。 4．考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。 第Ⅰ卷（选择题） 一、单项选择 1．— If we work on the project together, we should be able to complete it ahead of schedule. — ________! Many hands make light work. A．You bet B．Have fun C．Good job D．Forget it 【答案】A 【详解】句意：——如果我们一起合作这个项目，应该能提前完成。——没错，人多力量大。A. You bet没错；B. Have fun玩得开心；C. Good job做得好；D. Forget it算了。根据后文“Many hands make light work.”可知，此处表达认同态度。 2．It’s important for humans to live in ________ with nature instead of destroying the environment. A．peace B．harmony C．balance D．agreement 【答案】B 【详解】句意：人类与自然和谐相处不破坏环境是很重要的。A. peace和平；B. harmony和谐；C. balance平衡；D.agreement同意。固定短语live in harmony with... 意为“与……和谐相处”，人类与自然和谐共处，符合语境。 3．Farmers need to improve the quality of the ________ to ensure better growth of crops and vegetables. A．soil B．mineral C．region D．materials 【答案】A 【详解】句意：农民需要改善土壤的质量，以确保农作物和蔬菜更好地生长。A. soil土壤；B. mineral矿物质；C. region地区；D. materials材料。根据语境，农作物和蔬菜更好地生长，土壤的质量是根本条件。 4．The Electrolux Trilobite, the first robotic vacuum cleaner ________ for home use, went on sale in 2001. A．designed B．designs C．designing D．to design 【答案】A 【详解】句意：伊莱克斯三叶虫，第一款设计用于家庭的扫地机器人，于2001年上市。句子的谓语是went on sale，空格处填入非谓语动词，作后置定语，修饰vacuum cleaner，动词design与被修饰词vacuum cleaner之间是逻辑上的动宾关系（被动关系），应用过去分词形式designed。 5．The path up the mountain is so ________ that we have to hold onto the handrail (扶手) to avoid falling. A．neat B．shallow C．steep D．amazing 【答案】C 【详解】句意：上山的路是如此陡峭，以至于我们不得不抓住扶手以避免摔倒。A. neat整洁的；B. shallow浅的；C. steep陡峭的；D. amazing令人惊叹的。根据“we have to hold onto the handrail (扶手) to avoid falling”可知，山路陡峭，用形容词steep作表语，符合语境。 6．This is the old teacher to ________ many students owe their success, as she always encouraged them to pursue their dreams. A．that B．which C．who D．whom 【答案】D 【详解】句意：这就是那位许多学生都将自己的成功归功于她的老教师，因为她总是鼓励他们追求自己的梦想。空格处是“介词+关系代词”引导的限制性定语从句，先行词teacher是人，在定语从句中作介词to的宾语，因此空格处用whom。 7．The theory he firmly sticks to proves to be completely useless in his new job __________ he struggles to adjust, due to its conflict with new methods. A．when B．with which C．to which D．that 【答案】C 【详解】句意：他始终坚持的理论由于与新方法相冲突，在他努力适应的新工作中被证明完全无用。空格处引导定语从句，修饰先行词his new job。从句中adjust为不及物动词，表示“适应”时常与介词to搭配，即固定搭配adjust to sth。关系代词代替先行词在从句中作介词to的宾语，且先行词指物，故使用“介词to + 关系代词which”引导该定语从句。 8．The next day, my brother and I went to the beach ________ we watched some people play volleyball. A．by which B．in which C．on which D．from which 【答案】C 【详解】句意：第二天，我和哥哥去了海滩，我们在那里看到一些人正在打排球。空格处是“介词+which”引导定语从句，此处表示“在海滩上”，是on the beach，因此介词用on。 9．They did not have enough staff, and the laboratory ________ they worked had poor air quality. A．for which B．in which C．during which D．on which 【答案】B 【详解】句意：他们人手不足，并且他们工作的那个实验室空气质量很差。空处引导定语从句，先行词the laboratory为地点名词，在从句中作地点状语，此处表示“他们在实验室里工作”，搭配的介词应用in，因此应用in which来引导。 10．Lisa covered her mouth with her hands ______ other people would see her cry. A．in case B．so that C．unless D．now that 【答案】A 【详解】句意：莉萨用手捂住嘴巴，以防其他人看见她哭泣。A. in case以防；B. so that以便；C. unless除非；D. now that既然。根据捂住嘴巴的动作可知，目的是避免被他人看到哭泣的样子。 11．I ________ down the road with two friends when the sun set. A．am walking B．walk C．was walking D．walked 【答案】C 【详解】句意：太阳落山时，我正和两个朋友沿着路走。从句谓语动词set是一般过去时（主语the sun为单数，若为一般现在时应为sets），when引导的时间状语从句表示一个动作发生时另一个动作正在进行，主句应用过去进行时。 12．If you stick to it, this plan ________ you a slim figure and a healthy body. A．ensured B．will ensure C．was to ensure D．has ensured 【答案】B 【详解】句意：如果你坚持下去，这个计划将会确保你拥有苗条的身材和健康的身体。If引导的条件状语从句用一般现在时，主句应用一般将来时，遵循“主将从现”原则，即will ensure。 13．Thanks to increasing computer power, important advances ________ in medicine and environmental science so far. A．are made B．were made C．will be made D．have been made 【答案】D 【详解】句意：多亏了计算机计算能力的不断提升，到目前为止，医学和环境科学领域已经取得了重要进展。句中时间状语so far(到目前为止)常与现在完成时连用，且主语important advances与动词make之间是被动关系，需使用现在完成时的被动语态。因为主语为复数名词，助动词用have。 14．— Could you do me a favor and take the box up to the sixth floor? — __________. A．No comment B．With pleasure C．No wonder D．My pleasure 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——你能帮我个忙，把这个箱子拿到六楼吗？——非常乐意。 A. No comment无可奉告；B. With pleasure非常乐意；C. No wonder难怪；D. My pleasure我的荣幸。 题干中Could you do me a favor and...意为“你能帮我个忙……吗？”，是请求别人帮忙，回答别人的请求时，同意帮忙常用With pleasure。 15．______ the classic Shi Ji, the only great historical works I had been exposed to were Homer’s epic poems. A．Prior to B．Due to C．In addition to D．Contrary to 【答案】A 【详解】句意：在经典著作《史记》之前，我所接触过的唯一伟大的历史作品，就是荷马的史诗诗篇。A. prior to在……之前；B. due to由于；C. in addition to除……之外)；D. contrary to与……相反。空格为句子的状语，定语从句中谓语had been exposed to使用了过去完成时态，此处表示作者读荷马的史诗早于读《史记》。 二、完形填空 If you’ve never been to Moscow, you should go and see this fantastic city. There, you can 16 Russian culture first-hand, especially if you are a(n) 17 lover. One of the many exciting parts 18 the famous Red Square that has a magical effect on all visitors to Moscow. From Red Square, you can see the most important 19 in the capital: the Kremlin, the State Historical Museum and of course, the Saint Basil’s Cathedral with domes (穹顶) that look like a beautiful stone flower 20 by the architects of the 16th century. Not many people realize that Red Square’s 21 has nothing to do with Communism (共产主义) or Soviet Russia. The Old Russian word for “beautiful” and “red” was the 22 ; Red Square means “Beautiful Square.” All major streets in Moscow radiate (向周围伸展) from here, and Red Square is the 23 square of Moscow 24 the symbolic center of all Russia. Its history 25 the 1490s when a new red-brick Kremlin was built. Businessmen from all over the world came to 26 here and the square became a big market. On days of great festivals, there were many celebrations here, turning the 27 into an open-air gathering (聚集) place. Moscow’s tourists travel to the Red Square to 28 its beautiful architecture and history. Besides the square, there are so many places of 29 in this beautiful city. If you are visiting Europe, don’t forget to see Red Square with your own 30 . 16．A．remember B．create C．record D．experience 17．A．nature B．festival C．history D．architecture 18．A．means B．finds C．includes D．requires 19．A．buildings B．streets C．bricks D．celebrations 20．A．watered B．planted C．hidden D．covered 21．A．name B．size C．shape D．future 22．A．unknown B．same C．right D．opposite 23．A．public B．main C．central D．only 24．A．as far as B．as soon as C．as long as D．as well as 25．A．faces up to B．looks forward to C．gives way to D．dates back to 26．A．visit B．trade C．live D．study 27．A．museum B．square C．market D．state 28．A．accept B．check C．appreciate D．miss 29．A．interest B．business C．power D．creativity 30．A．car B．friends C．mind D．eyes 【答案】 16．D 17．C 18．C 19．A 20．B 21．A 22．B 23．C 24．D 25．D 26．B 27．B 28．C 29．A 30．D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍莫斯科的红场，包括其包含的建筑、名字的由来、历史及它对游客的吸引力。 16．考查动词词义辨析。句意：在那里，你可以亲身体验俄罗斯文化，尤其是如果你是一名历史爱好者的话。A. remember记得；B. create创造；C. record记录；D. experience体验。结合下文“first-hand”可知，此处指亲身体验俄罗斯文化。故选D。 17．考查名词词义辨析。句意：在那里，你可以亲身体验俄罗斯文化，尤其是如果你是一名历史爱好者的话。A. nature自然；B. festival节日；C. history历史；D. architecture建筑。根据上文“Russian culture first-hand”可知，此处指如果是历史爱好者。故选C。 18．考查动词词义辨析。句意：众多令人兴奋的部分之一包括著名的红场，它对所有莫斯科游客都有神奇的影响。A. means意味着；B. finds发现；C. includes包括；D. requires要求。结合语境，红场是莫斯科令人兴奋的部分之一，此处用includes 表示“包括”。故选C。 19．考查名词词义辨析。句意：从红场，你可以看到首都最重要的建筑：克里姆林宫、国家历史博物馆，当然还有16世纪建筑师们建造的、穹顶像一朵美丽石花的圣瓦西里大教堂。A. buildings建筑；B. streets街道；C. bricks砖块；D. celebrations庆祝活动。后文“ the Kremlin, the State Historical Museum and of course, the Saint Basil’s Cathedral with domes (穹顶)”列举的克里姆林宫、博物馆、大教堂均属于建筑，故选A。 20．考查动词词义辨析。句意：从红场，你可以看到首都最重要的建筑：克里姆林宫、国家历史博物馆，当然还有 16 世纪建筑师们建造的、穹顶像一朵美丽石花的圣瓦西里大教堂。A. watered浇水；B. planted种植；C. hidden隐藏；D. covered覆盖。结合上文“stone flower”可知，此处指圣瓦西里大教堂的穹顶像被建筑师种植的石花。故选B。 21．考查名词词义辨析。句意：没有多少人意识到红场的名字与共产主义或苏维埃俄国无关。A. name名字；B. size尺寸；C. shape形状；D. future未来。根据后文“Red Square means ‘Beautiful Square.’”可知，此处讲的是红场名字的由来，故选A。 22．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：古俄语中“美丽的”和“红色的”是同一个词；红场的意思是“美丽的广场”。A. unknown未知的；B. same相同的；C. right正确的；D. opposite相反的。结合后文“Red Square means “Beautiful Square.” ”可知，两个词在古俄语中意思相同，故选B。 23．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：莫斯科所有的主要街道都从这里向周围伸展，红场是莫斯科的中心广场，也是整个俄罗斯的象征中心。A. public公共的；B. main主要的；C. central中心的；D. only唯一的。根据上文“All major streets in Moscow radiate from here”可知，红场是莫斯科的中心广场。故选C。 24．考查短语辨析。句意：莫斯科所有的主要街道都从这里向周围伸展，红场是莫斯科的中心广场，也是整个俄罗斯的象征中心。A. as far as就……而言；B. as soon as一……就……；C. as long as只要；D. as well as也、还。结合常识可知，红场既是莫斯科的中心广场，也是俄罗斯的象征中心。故选D。 25．考查短语辨析。句意：它的历史可以追溯到15世纪90年代，当时一座新的红砖克里姆林宫建成了。A. faces up to勇敢面对；B. looks forward to期待；C. gives way to让位于；D. dates back to追溯到。结合下文“the 1490s”可知，此处指红场的历史追溯到15世纪90年代，故选D。 26．考查动词词义辨析。句意：来自世界各地的商人来这里贸易，广场变成了一个大市场。A. visit参观；B. trade贸易；C. live居住；D. study学习。根据下文“the square became a big market”可知，商人来这里是为了贸易，故选B。 27．考查名词词义辨析。句意：在重大节日里，这里会有很多庆祝活动，把广场变成一个露天聚集地。A. museum博物馆；B. square广场；C. market市场；D. state国家。呼应上文“Red Square ”此处指红场在节日里变成露天聚集地。故选B。 28．考查动词词义辨析。句意：莫斯科的游客前往红场欣赏其美丽的建筑和历史。A. accept接受；B. check检查；C. appreciate欣赏；D. miss错过。根据上文“Moscow’s tourists travel to the Red Square”可知，游客参观红场是为了欣赏它的建筑和历史。故选C。 29．考查名词词义辨析。句意：除了广场，这座美丽的城市还有很多名胜古迹。A. interest兴趣；B. business商业；C. power力量；D. creativity创造力。根据上文“ Besides the square”可知，此处指除了红场外，莫斯科还有其他很多名胜古迹。places of interest意思为：名胜古迹。故选A。 30．考查名词词义辨析。句意：如果你去欧洲旅游，别忘了亲眼看看红场。A. car汽车；B. friends朋友；C. mind头脑；D. eyes眼睛。根据上文“first-hand”可知，“亲眼看”符合游客亲身体验红场的语境。故选D。 3、 阅读理解 A The Web of Life Every living thing on Earth is connected. An ecosystem is a community of plants, animals, and microorganisms interacting with their physical environment. Ecosystems can be as small as a pond or as large as an entire forest. They provide essential services that humans often take for granted. Forests purify the air, store carbon, and produce oxygen. Wetlands filter pollutants from water and absorb floodwaters. Oceans regulate the climate and provide food for billions of people. Wildlife is an integral part of these systems. Every species, from the smallest insect to the largest whale, plays a role. Pollinators like bees and butterflies help plants reproduce. Predators like wolves keep prey populations in check. Decomposers like fungi break down dead matter, returning nutrients to the soil. When one species disappears, it can trigger a cascade of effects throughout the ecosystem. For example, the loss of sea otters led to an explosion of sea urchins, which then destroyed kelp forests, which were home to many fish species. Forests are among the most biodiverse ecosystems on the planet. The Amazon rainforest alone is home to an estimated 10 percent of all known species. Mountains, with their steep slopes and varying altitudes, host unique plants and animals adapted to harsh conditions. Rivers provide fresh water and serve as migration routes for fish. Oceans cover more than 70 percent of the Earth's surface and contain the largest volume of living space. Coral reefs, sometimes called the rainforests of the sea, support a quarter of all marine species despite covering less than one percent of the ocean floor. Wetlands are transitional zones between land and water. They are breeding grounds for birds, fish, and amphibians. They also act as natural sponges, reducing flooding and erosion. Natural resources such as fresh water, fertile soil, and timber are finite. Human activities like overfishing, deforestation, and pollution are pushing ecosystems to the brink. Protecting these systems is not just about saving cute animals; it is about preserving the life-support systems that all humans depend on. 31．What service do wetlands provide according to the passage? A．They produce oxygen. B．They filter pollutants and absorb floodwaters. C．They regulate the climate. D．They provide timber. 32．What happened when sea otters disappeared? A．Sea urchins decreased. B．Sea urchins exploded and destroyed kelp forests. C．Fish populations increased. D．Coral reefs grew. 33．What percentage of marine species do coral reefs support? A．About 5 percent. B．About 15 percent. C．About 25 percent. D．About 50 percent. 34．Why are natural resources described as "finite"? A．Because they are unlimited. B．Because they can be used up if not managed carefully. C．Because they are found everywhere. D．Because they are renewable forever. 35．What is the main idea of the passage? A．Only forests matter for the environment. B．Humans do not depend on natural resources. C．Ecosystems and wildlife are interconnected, and their protection is essential for human survival. D．Oceans are the only important ecosystem. 【答案】31．B 32．B 33．C 34．B 35．C 【导语】文章讲述万物构成彼此关联的生态系统，各类生态环境发挥独特作用，人类破坏资源会危及生态，保护生态就是守护人类赖以生存的环境。 【详解】31．细节理解题。根据第一段中的“Wetlands filter pollutants from water and absorb floodwaters.(湿地过滤水中污染物并且蓄积洪水。)”可知，湿地可以过滤污染物、吸纳洪水。 32．细节理解题。根据第二段中的“For example, the loss of sea otters led to an explosion of sea urchins, which then destroyed kelp forests, which were home to many fish species.(例如，海獭消失致使海胆数量暴增，进而摧毁了作为众多鱼类栖息地的海藻林。)”可知，海獭消失后海胆泛滥并毁坏了海藻林。 33．细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Coral reefs, sometimes called the rainforests of the sea, support a quarter of all marine species despite covering less than one percent of the ocean floor.(珊瑚礁素有海洋雨林之称，虽占地洋底不足百分之一，却养育四分之一的海洋生物。)”可知，珊瑚礁养育四分之一的海洋生物，即25%的海洋生物。 34．推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“Natural resources such as fresh water, fertile soil, and timber are finite. Human activities like overfishing, deforestation, and pollution are pushing ecosystems to the brink.(淡水、沃土、木材等自然资源储量有限，过度捕捞、滥砍滥伐与污染等人类活动正让生态系统濒临绝境。)”可知，资源有限，不合理利用就会枯竭。 35．主旨大意题。根据第一段中的“Every living thing on Earth is connected. An ecosystem is a community of plants, animals, and microorganisms interacting with their physical environment.(地球上所有生物彼此关联，生态系统是动植物、微生物与环境相互作用的整体。)”以及尾段中的 “Protecting these systems is not just about saving cute animals; it is about preserving the life-support systems that all humans depend on.(保护生态不只是保护动物，更是守护人类赖以生存的生命支撑系统。)”可知，文章说明生态与生物环环相扣，保护生态对人类至关重要。 B Lightning can be extremely powerful and cause serious problems on the ground. Lightning strikes can cause fires, destroy buildings, and kill people. The damage from lightning costs billions of dollars every year. In the US, lightning strikes caused the death of about 450 people between 2006 and 2021. Less lightning means fewer losses in human life, and that’s why scientists have been working on the related technology to improve lightning protection. Currently, the best way to protect buildings from lightning is by putting metal rods (杆) on the buildings. These rods are connected to the ground. The lightning is attracted to the rods, which safely guide the electricity into the ground. But lightning rods can only protect a small area. If a building is very large, it needs a lot of lightning rods. But some buildings, such as airports, are so large that it’s difficult to protect the whole building using lightning rods. One idea is to use lasers (激光) to guide lightning, which is not novel. Scientists have been working on it for over 20 years and have successfully guided lightning with lasers inside a laboratory. But scientists hadn’t been able to guide lightning with lasers outside until the summer of 2021. Using a powerful laser that can fire about 1,000 times a second, scientists in Switzerland were able to guide lightning strikes for 164 feet. The heat from the laser creates a path of air that is less thick than the air around it. The path also has a special charge (电荷). The lightning can follow this path almost as if it were a lightning rod. That the scientists managed to experiment with the laser in an outdoor environment is a very big step. Despite the progress, the laser still didn’t guide the lightning as far as the scientists would like. To protect buildings from most lightning, lasers will have to guide the lightning for a much longer distance. Lasers are also very expensive. It will probably take 10 or more years before a laser like this is truly able to protect large buildings. 36．What is the author’s purpose in writing the first paragraph? A．To encourage readers to use lightning rods. B．To call on readers to protect the environment. C．To explain the importance of preventing lightning. D．To remind readers to stay safe during lightning storms. 37．What is the disadvantage of lightning rods? A．Their short service life. B．Their limited coverage. C．Their expensive material. D．Their low speed of guiding electricity. 38．What does the underlined word “novel” in paragraph 3 refer to? A．New. B．Effective. C．Confusing. D．Costly. 39．What did the scientists use the laser for? A．Reducing the heat of lightning. B．Changing the path of lightning. C．Slowing down the speed of lightning. D．Protecting the lightning rod from damage. 40．What can be inferred from the last paragraph? A．The laser works better in a lab. B．The technology has yet to be perfected. C．The research result will soon benefit humans. D．The scientists think poorly of the lightning rod. 【答案】36．C 37．B 38．A 39．B 40．B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍闪电的危害、传统避雷针的局限性，以及激光引导闪电技术的研究进展与现存问题。 36．推理判断题。根据第一段中的“Lightning can be extremely powerful and cause serious problems on the ground. Lightning strikes can cause fires, destroy buildings, and kill people. The damage from lightning costs billions of dollars every year. In the US, lightning strikes caused the death of about 450 people between 2006 and 2021. Less lightning means fewer losses in human life, and that’s why scientists have been working on the related technology to improve lightning protection.(闪电的威力极大，会在地面造成严重后果。雷击可能引发火灾、摧毁建筑物，甚至导致人员死亡。每年，闪电造成的损失高达数十亿美元。在美国，2006年至2021年间，雷击导致约450人死亡。闪电出现的次数越少，生命损失就越少，这也是科学家们一直在研究相关技术以改进防雷措施的原因。)”可知，作者通过阐述闪电的巨大危害（引发火灾、摧毁建筑、导致人员死亡、造成巨额损失），引出防雷技术研究的必要性，其目的是解释防雷的重要性。故选C项。 37．细节理解题。根据第二段中的“But lightning rods can only protect a small area. If a building is very large, it needs a lot of lightning rods. But some buildings, such as airports, are so large that it’s difficult to protect the whole building using lightning rods.(但避雷针只能保护一小块区域。如果建筑物很大，就需要很多避雷针。但有些建筑，比如机场，规模如此之大，以至于很难用避雷针保护整个建筑。)”可知，避雷针的缺点是覆盖范围有限。故选B项。 38．词句猜测题。根据第三段中的“But scientists hadn’t been able to guide lightning with lasers outside until the summer of 2021. Using a powerful laser that can fire about 1,000 times a second, scientists in Switzerland were able to guide lightning strikes for 164 feet. Scientists have been working on it for over 20 years and have successfully guided lightning with lasers inside a laboratory.(但直到2021年夏天，科学家们才得以在户外用激光引导闪电。瑞士科学家使用了一款每秒可发射约1000次的高能激光，成功将雷击引导了164英尺。科学家们已经研究了20多年，并在实验室里成功用激光引导了闪电。)”可知，“用激光引导闪电”这一想法并非新出现的，因此“novel”意为“新的”。故选A项。 39．细节理解题。根据第三段中的“The heat from the laser creates a path of air that is less thick than the air around it. The path also has a special charge. The lightning can follow this path almost as if it were a lightning rod.(激光产生的热量会形成一条空气通道，这条通道的空气密度比周围的小。这条通道还带有特殊电荷。闪电可以沿着这条通道移动，就像沿着避雷针一样。)”可知，科学家使用激光是为了创造一条新的通道，从而改变闪电的路径。故选B项。 40．推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“Despite the progress, the laser still didn’t guide the lightning as far as the scientists would like. To protect buildings from most lightning, lasers will have to guide the lightning for a much longer distance. Lasers are also very expensive. It will probably take 10 or more years before a laser like this is truly able to protect large buildings.(尽管已取得进展，但这种激光引导闪电的距离仍未达到科学家们的预期。要保护建筑物免受大多数闪电的侵袭，激光必须能引导闪电传播更远的距离。此外，激光的成本也非常高昂。这类激光要真正能够保护大型建筑物，可能还需要10年甚至更久的时间。)”可推知，激光引导闪电技术目前仍存在不足（引导距离不够、成本高），尚未完善。故选B项。 C The three most wonderful train journeys provide the natural beauty of our motherland. Read on to see which line you want to start your journey with. Xining to Lhasa Length: around 1,900 km long         Price: 781 yuan for a soft sleeper The railway line is popular with travellers who want to visit Tibet. It is the longest high altitude (海拔) train trip in the world and is named as “the way to the sky”. Most of the line is over 4,000 meters. You can see Qinghai Lake outside the train’s windows. Chengdu to Kunming Length: around 1,100 km long         Price: 487.5 yuan for a second class The railway line has been in service since July 1970. From Chengdu, with an altitude of 400 meters or so, the train goes up to about 2,000 meters across mountains. This line is called Geological Museum (地质博物馆) because of the special geography along the railway line. Lhasa to Rikaze Length: around 250 km long             Price: 64 yuan for a soft seat This railway line connects to the Qinghai-Tibet Railway and has an altitude of above 3,600 meters. It makes Tibet travel easier for travellers, especially those who want to see Mount Qomolangma, the highest mountain in the world. 41．Why is Xining to Lhasa Railway called “the way to the sky”? A．Because most of it is over 4,000 meters. B．Because it gives travellers a feeling of flying. C．Because there are many high mountains along it. D．Because you can see Qinghai Lake outside the train’s windows. 42．How much should Mr. Green and his wife pay for their second-class tickets when they are planning a train trip from Chengdu to Kunming? A．781 yuan. B．975 yuan. C．551.5 yuan. D．487.5 yuan. 43．What can we know about Chengdu to Kunming Railway? A．It is about 2,000 kilometers long. B．It has been in service for 70 years. C．The price is 487.5 yuan for a first class. D．The geography along the line is special. 44．The railway from Lhasa to Rikaze makes it easier for travellers to see ______. A．Mount Qomolangma B．Geological Museum C．Qinghai Lake D．The way to the sky 45．Which of the following is true about the three wonderful railway lines? A．They go across Tibet all the way. B．They run from the east to the west of China. C．They take us to enjoy the nature of our country. D．They were built at the same time. 【答案】41．A 42．B 43．D 44．A 45．C 【导语】本文是一篇应用文。主要介绍了我国三条可供人们欣赏美景的铁路线。 41．细节理解题。根据Xining to Lhasa部分“It is the longest high altitude (海拔) train trip in the world and is named as “the way to the sky”. Most of the line is over 4,000 meters.(这是世界上最长的高海拔火车之旅，被称为“通往天空的道路”。大部分线路都超过4000米)”可知，西宁至拉萨铁路被称为“通往天空的道路”是因为大部分线路超过4000米。故选A。 42．细节理解题。根据Chengdu to Kunming部分“Price: 487.5 yuan for a second class(二等座票价487.5元) ”可知，一个人是487.5元，夫妻二人总费用为487.5×2=975元。因此格林先生和他的妻子计划从成都到昆明的火车旅行时，他们的二等票应该付975元。故选B。 43．细节理解题。根据Chengdu to Kunming部分“This line is called Geological Museum (地质博物馆) because of the special geography along the railway line.(由于铁路沿线的特殊地貌，这条线路被称为地质博物馆)”可知，成昆铁路沿线地貌特殊。故选D。 44．细节理解题。根据Lhasa to Rikaze部分“It makes Tibet travel easier for travellers, especially those who want to see Mount Qomolangma, the highest mountain in the world.(这使得游客在西藏旅行更加方便，尤其是那些想要看到世界最高峰珠穆朗玛峰的游客)”可知，从拉萨到日喀则的铁路使旅行者更容易看到珠穆朗玛峰。故选A。 45．细节理解题。根据第一段“The three most wonderful train journeys provide the natural beauty of our motherland.(三条最精彩的火车之旅展现了我们祖国的自然美景)”可知，这三条铁路线带我们去欣赏祖国的美丽。故选C。 第Ⅱ卷（非选择题） 阅读表达 What is one of the best parts of traveling abroad? It’s the food , of course! Eating different foods native to a country, authentically (地道地) prepared by locals, is special. Trying these native foods will widen what you know about a country’s cuisine. I discovered that this is true for Chinese food. Chinese food in China is much more diverse and rich in tastes and spices (香料) than I had ever imagined before my travels. Before traveling to China, I was a little worried about whether I would really enjoy the food or not. I was not sure what types of food I would be trying, but I have always enjoyed eating Chinese food in Massachusetts. However, I was only used to the spring rolls and Gong Bao Chicken of American Chinese cuisine. Don’t get me wrong. I still love these dishes from my local Chinese restaurants! However, I did not realize how much variety of food there actually was to try in China and the cultural differences that I would learn to understand during my time abroad. In my first few days, I fell in love with one of Beijing’s most famous dishes called Peking duck. Some of my friends had told me that we were going to one of the best Peking duck restaurants in Beijing, and they were not wrong! The Peking duck we ate surprised us, with thin, crisp (酥脆的) skin on the outside, delicious duck meat on the inside and various tasty sauces. As I began trying new foods like Guilin mifen (rice noodles), I started to love these foods that I had never tried before in my life. While I was in Chengdu, I even learned about the ingredients (原料) of an authentic “huo guo”(hot pot). After my time abroad in China, I realized how much I enjoyed eating and trying new foods. I also soon realized that the Chinese food here in America is different from that actually in China. 46．What does the underlined word “this” in Paragraph 1 refer to? (no more than 15 words) 47．What does the underlined word “diverse” probably mean in Paragraph 1? (1 word) 48．What did the author worry about before going to China? (no more than 10 words) 49．What did the author think of Peking duck? (no more than 10 words) 50．What changes have you seen in the author? Please explain. (no more than 20 words) 【答案】46．Eating actual local food improves the understanding of a country’s cuisine. 47．Various. 48．Whether he could get used to the local dishes. 49．It was really amazing. 50．After traveling to China, he began keeping an open mind to new food. 【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述作者在去中国尝试中国美食后意识到自己是多么喜欢吃和尝试新的食物。 【详解】46．考查词句猜测。根据第一段中“Trying these native foods will widen what you know about a country’s cuisine. I discovered that this is true for Chinese food.(尝试这些本地食物会拓宽你对一个国家美食的了解。我发现中餐也是如此)”可知，this指代前文的“吃真正的当地食物可以增进对一个国家美食的了解”，故答案为Eating actual local food improves the understanding of a country’s cuisine. 47．考查词句猜测。划线词和形容词“rich(丰富的)”并列，结合第三段中“I did not realize how much variety of food there actually was to try in China(我并没有意识到在中国有这么多的食物可以尝试)”可知，划线词所在句意为“中国的中餐比我旅行前想象的更加多样化，口味和香料都更加丰富”，diverse意为“多种多样的”，故答案为Various. 48．考查细节理解。根据第二段中“Before traveling to China, I was a little worried about whether I would really enjoy the food or not.(在去中国旅行之前，我有点担心我是否真的喜欢那里的食物)”和“However, I was only used to the spring rolls and Gong Bao Chicken of American Chinese cuisine.(然而，我只习惯了美式中餐的春卷和宫保鸡丁)”可知，去中国之前，作者担心自己能否适应当地食物，故答案为Whether he could get used to the local dishes. 49．考查推理判断。根据第四段中“The Peking duck we ate surprised us, with thin, crisp (酥脆的) skin on the outside, delicious duck meat on the inside and various tasty sauces.(我们吃到的北京烤鸭让我们大吃一惊，外面是薄而脆的皮，里面是美味的鸭肉，还有各种美味的酱汁)”可知，作者认为北京烤鸭令人惊艳，故答案为It was really amazing. 50．考查推理判断。根据第二段中“Before traveling to China, I was a little worried about whether I would really enjoy the food or not.(在去中国旅行之前，我有点担心我是否真的喜欢那里的食物)”可知，去中国之前作者担心自己能否习惯中国的食物，结合最后一段中“After my time abroad in China, I realized how much I enjoyed eating and trying new foods.(在中国待了一段时间后，我意识到我是多么喜欢吃和尝试新的食物)”可知，去了中国之后，作者开始对新食物保持开放态度，故答案为After traveling to China, he began keeping an open mind to new food. 四、书信写作 51．近年来，我们身边悄然发生着许多的变化：蓝天白云成为日常，河湖海湾可亲可近，脚下的每一寸土地也在悄然焕新……请以“我身边的变化”为题，写一篇英语短文，内容包括： 1. 你注意到的变化； 2. 你的切身感受。 注意：1. 写作词数应为80个左右； 2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。 Great Changes Around Me ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】In recent years, obvious changes have taken place around me. The sky above my city has turned bluer, with white clouds becoming a common sight rather than a luxury. Rivers and lakes that once smelled unpleasant are now clean and accessible, where families like walking and cycling on weekends. Even the streets in my neighborhood have been renovated, with more trees, benches, and bike lanes added. What touches me most is the harmony between nature and urban life. I no longer need to travel far to find fresh air or beautiful scenery — they are right at my doorstep. These changes show a greener and more sustainable development philosophy. I feel proud to witness this great change and believe our city will become even more livable in the future. 【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生以“我身边的变化”为题，写一篇英语短文，介绍自己身边环境方面的好的变化。 【详解】1.词汇积累 显著的：obvious → remarkable 喜欢：like → be fond of 展现：show → display 变化：change → transformation 2.句式拓展 同义句转换 原句：I feel proud to witness this great change and believe our city will become even more livable in the future. 拓展句：Having witnessed this great change firsthand, I feel proud and believe that our city will grow ever more livable in the future. 【点睛】【高分句型1】The sky above my city has turned bluer, with white clouds becoming a common sight rather than a luxury. (运用了with复合结构作状语) 【高分句型2】What touches me most is the harmony between nature and urban life. (运用了what引导的主语从句) 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！1 8 / 9 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $