Unit 5 Into the wild（暑假单元自测）新高一英语外研版必修第一册

**基本信息** 外研版Unit 5 "Into the wild"单元自测卷，以自然保护与生物科学为主题，融合语言能力、文化意识与思维品质，适合暑假单元复习巩固。 **题型特征** |题型|题量/分值|知识覆盖|命题特色| |----|-----------|----------|----------| |单项选择|15题/15分|词汇（migrate）、语法（定语从句、时态）|语境化考查，如用"keep your head up"等习语提升语言运用能力| |完形填空|15题/15分|自然保护、动词短语（let in）|以植物保护故事为载体，渗透生态意识| |阅读理解|15题/30分|自然与科技（蚂蚁交通、蚊子偏好）|选取科技前沿素材，培养信息筛选与推理能力| |阅读表达|5题/10分|动物行为（欺骗策略）|结合细节理解与概括，提升思维逻辑性| |书信写作|1题/20分|野生动物保护倡议|任务贴近现实，强化语言输出与社会责任感|

Unit 5 Into the wild单元自测卷（外研版） （考试时间：100分钟 试卷满分：100分） 注意事项： 1．本试卷分第Ⅰ卷（选择题）和第Ⅱ卷（非选择题）两部分。答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上。 2．回答第Ⅰ卷时，选出每小题答案后，用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。写在本试卷上无效。 3．回答第Ⅱ卷时，将答案写在答题卡上。写在本试卷上无效。 4．考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。 第Ⅰ卷（选择题） 一、单项选择 1．— I heard you’re applying for that summer program. How’s it going? — Perfect! ________. I’m really full of confidence. A．It’s out of the question B．Don’t mention it C．What a relief D．It ticks all the right boxes 2．Many birds ________ to warmer areas in winter to find enough food and suitable living conditions. A．migrate B．drag C．settle D．wander 3．We got lost a few times even with the help of GPS, but ________ we managed to cross the Rocky Mountains. A．extremely B．eventually C．absolutely D．unfortunately 4．— We’re already 20 points behind. There’s no way we can win. — Come on, guys. ________ and keep fighting till the last minute. A．hold your horses B．have second thoughts C．tick all the right boxes D．keep your head up 5．We are now living in an age ________ a great many jobs, especially those dangerous, are done by robots. A．when B．where C．that D．which 6．I have never heard of such a sport ________ participants who use the most time are awarded gold medals. A．as B．which C．that D．where 7．The reason ________ the task was difficult was that the team had limited resources. A．that B．why C．which D．where 8．I take a walk after dinner every day ________ it can keep me healthy. A．so that B．while C．although D．as soon as 9．I can’t remember ________ you said at the meeting. A．where B．that C．what D．whether 10．Over the past decade, this director ________ several award-winning documentaries about social issues. A．produces B．produced C．has produced D．had produced 11．— Look, it ________ again. — Yeah. This is the third snow we ________ this spring. A．will snow; are having B．has snowed; had had C．is snowing; have had D．snows; have had 12．______ to get a ticket for the concert, George has been standing in a queue for three hours. A．Having determined B．Determining C．To determine D．Determined 13．It was in the very hospital ________ she was born 20 years ago ________ she was undergoing a difficult period of treatment. A．that, that B．that, where C．where, where D．where, that 14．By using the online forum and the digital library together, we can ________ and finish the research in half the time. A．throw the baby out with the bathwater B．rain cats and dogs C．kill two birds with one stone D．burn the midnight oil 15．The company’s innovative technology has _________ in the industry. A．broken new ground B．braved the elements C．backed down D．struck a balance 二、完形填空 Kyle Lybarger has found unexpected internet fame by introducing his followers to the overlooked world of southeastern flora (植物群). Along the way, he has become a(n) 16 of rare and endangered plant populations across Alabama. It all started with what Lybarger now 17 as a terrible mistake. About a decade ago, he found an open, rocky area 18 to plant food for hunting wildlife. He applied herbicide (除草剂), added soil, planted seeds and cut down some trees to 19 more light. The seeds didn’t survive. But around the edges, which he hadn’t 20 , beautiful plants sprang up and he believed he should know what they were. After posting their photos online, a local botanist 21 . Through him, Lybarger realized that he had destroyed an area with a wild seed bank of 22 species, all to plant only two or fewer species that didn’t belong to the ecosystem. Feeling 23 , Lybarger decided to protect local biodiversity and 24 native plant habitats. In a state where most land is 25 owned, that has meant knocking on doors to speak with landowners who 26 in the conservation of rare plants. Lybarger offers to care for those populations at no cost, 27 his income from social media. Lybarger thinks his biggest 28 comes through education on social media, influencing people to grow the native plants that 29 declining pollinators (授粉者) which are essential for the local environment. “Even one person, one yard, one-tenth of an acre can make a 30 ,” he says. 16．A．pioneer B．protector C．collector D．observer 17．A．ranks B．selects C．regards D．appoints 18．A．available B．harmful C．impossible D．suitable 19．A．let in B．bring about C．reflect off D．block out 20．A．adjusted B．marked C．watered D．treated 21．A．fell in love B．got in touch C．came to power D．ran into trouble 22．A．common B．hybrid C．countless D．migratory 23．A．regretful B．relieved C．grateful D．exhausted 24．A．restore B．copy C．record D．occupy 25．A．jointly B．publicly C．privately D．legally 26．A．remain B．compete C．specialize D．matter 27．A．thanks to B．instead of C．according to D．regardless of 28．A．challenge B．progress C．concern D．contribution 29．A．prevent B．support C．excite D．discourage 30．A．choice B．fortune C．difference D．decision 3、 阅读理解 A Nature words like river, moss, and blossom are slowly disappearing from our books. However, this change in language is more than just a literary trend — it is a serious warning sign. We are facing a severe disconnection from the natural world. To prevent a complete “extinction of experience” with nature, society must move beyond simple environmental fixes and radically redesign both our urban landscapes and our early education systems. The primary cause of this disconnection is urbanisation. As cities grow, green spaces and wildlife in our neighbourhoods continue to vanish. According to a study by Professor Miles Richardson of the University of Derby, the problem is far larger than we realise. His research suggests that, to stop the decline in our connection to nature, a city might need to be ten times greener than it is today. Simple changes cannot reverse over 200 years of urbanisation and wildlife loss. If we want real change, we must first accept the massive scale of the challenge. Furthermore, the most effective way to address this crisis is through early childhood education. The connection to nature is often passed down through generations. When parents lose this bond, their children are less likely to develop it. Therefore, efforts that target only adults are often insufficient. Government initiatives must actively support early actions, such as “forest schools” for young children. Building this connection from an early age is the most reliable predictor of whether a person will value the environment as an adult. We must make nature an essential part of growing up, not just an occasional hobby. Admittedly, completely transforming our cities and education systems over the next few decades sounds like an impossible task. Critics may argue that modern life is too fast-paced for such dramatic shifts. However, this assumption is flawed. Rebuilding our relationship with nature does not require us to abandon modern civilisation. Studies show that people currently spend an average of less than five minutes a day in nature. Increasing this to just 40 minutes a day is an achievable goal for most citizens. In conclusion, the disappearance of nature words from our pages reflects a fading of nature from our hearts. We cannot afford to let the natural world become a mere abstract concept for future generations. By increasing biodiversity in our cities and bringing nature back into early education, we can secure a lasting connection to nature. The time for minor adjustments is over; the time for systemic change is now. 31．Why does the author mention disappearing nature words? A．To question modern reading habits. B．To note a passing language shift. C．To praise changes in literature. D．To signal a deeper social loss. 32．What does Professor Richardson’s study suggest about urban greening? A．Mild adjustments lack real impacts. B．Simple measures worsen urban crises. C．Modern lifestyles destroy green spaces. D．Massive efforts are needed to limit city growth. 33．Why are adult-focused efforts seen as insufficient? A．Adults resist official green programs. B．Adults rarely have an influence on family values. C．Nature learning depends on government initiative. D．Nature bonding becomes harder to pass down once adults lose it. 34．Why does the author mention the “40 minutes” daily goal? A．To prove the suggested change possible. B．To question the given research data. C．To criticise the fast modern rhythm. D．To stress the heavy life pressure. 35．What could be the best title for the passage? A．Rebuilding Our Bond with Nature B．Greening Cities for Future Generations C．Bringing Nature Back into Children’s Lives D．Understanding the Disappearance of Nature Words B Not only do some mosquito species show very strong preferences for obtaining their blood meals from humans, they also appear to discriminate one person from another when choosing their next meal. It has long been thought that the blood type is a critical factor that influences mosquitoes’ choices. A previous study published in Nature found mosquitoes landed on people with type O blood nearly twice as often as on those with type A blood and that people with type B blood fell somewhere in between the above two. Relatively speaking, people with type AB blood are much luckier than those with type A blood. There are also many old wives’ tales about mosquito bites. Some think that having fair skin, being sweaty and even eating food with garlic can influence biting rates one way or the other. There are plenty of these anecdotes and for the most part they don’t appear to have much influence when scientifically tested. That’s why a great deal of research effort is put into understanding mosquitoes’ feeding choices. All mosquito species use carbon dioxide as a long-range indicator of nearby people. However, CO₂ is everywhere and provides little information to help a specialist mosquito identify its preferred target. Lactic (relating to milk) acid has been demonstrated to be a significant attractant alongside CO₂ and is much more common in humans than in other animals. Other chemicals also help supplement the human odor (气味). But a recent study has found the best evidence for what motivates a mosquito’s choice among different people — the variation in our skin microorganisms. These microorganisms are mostly not disease-causing bacteria which live on our skin. The odor combination they give off is the critical factor in telling mosquitoes how tasty we’d be. We have an estimated one million bacteria per square cm of skin, often comprising hundreds of species. Using a special method to obtain the particular chemicals from people who seem to rarely attract mosquitoes, scientists at the UK’s Rothamsted Research have found these natural substances that mosquitoes don’t seem to find appealing. Eventually, including these substances into advanced bug spray could make it possible for people to ward off mosquitoes for good. 36．Which one is mosquitoes’ favorite according to the study published in Nature? A．Type A blood. B．Type B blood. C．Type AB blood. D．Type O blood. 37．What do we learn about the anecdotes about mosquitoes? A．They mostly have something to do with daily diets. B．They lay the foundations for further study. C．They all lack solid scientific evidence. D．They all originate from old tales. 38．How do mosquitoes find target food according to the recent study? A．By releasing an odor to numb human skin. B．By calculating the density of CO₂ around them. C．By stimulating their receptors of some chemicals. D．By following the odor of human skin microorganisms. 39．What do scientists of Rothamsted Research aim to do? A．Develop effective anti-mosquito products. B．Find out factors that affect the human odor. C．Seek cures for diseases caused by mosquitoes. D．Explore the composition of skin microorganisms. 40．What would be the best title for the text? A．Why is it important to prevent mosquito bites? B．Why do mosquitoes prefer some people to others? C．Why are certain chemicals attractive to mosquitoes? D．Why are microorganisms so vital to people’s health? C Seen from an airplane, cars moving slowly on the highway look like a line of ants. Unlike these human-driven vehicles, however, ants are able to avoid the troubling stop-and-go traffic that bothers daily commutes (通勤). Researchers have therefore turned their attention to studying the ants’ teamwork-based behaviors, hoping to apply these insights to designing self-driving cars that can prevent traffic jams. As the number of cars on highways keeps growing, the stability (稳定) of traffic flow gradually falls. Studies show that when the density (密度) reaches 15 vehicles per mile per lane (车道), a single driver’s sudden brake tap can lead to long-lasting and widespread traffic jams. Scientist Katsuhiro Nishinari, a mathematical physicist studying traffic transitions, compares this phenomenon to a phase transition, such as water turning into ice. Even small individual actions in such situations can quickly develop into major traffic issues. Katsuhiro Nishinari’s previous research has already shown that food-seeking ants can maintain smooth movement even when their population density is very high. A recent follow-up study has shown they usually travel in groups of 3 to 20 individuals, moving at steady speeds with proper gaps between each other and never attempting to overtake. Their behavior depends on mutual collaboration rather than individual preferences. This collective intelligence offers a lesson for human drivers today. One key takeaway is to avoid tailgating. Keeping a safe distance from the vehicle ahead helps absorb the shock waves caused by sudden braking in dense traffic. Of course, ants have the natural advantage of creating flexible paths, while cars are bound to fixed lanes. But the principle of maintaining proper spacing remains vital for safety and efficiency on our roads. Looking ahead, the real transformation may come from technology. As Katsuhiro Nishinari points out, “Unlike human drivers who often act on their own, future self-driving cars could be designed to share real-time data and function as a combined system.” Inspired by ants, these vehicles can upgrade traffic flow as a shared system, potentially requiring updates to existing rules to fully realize their benefits. 41．What can cause widespread highway traffic jams directly? A．A total of 15 cars per mile. B．Ant behaviors affecting driving. C．A sudden brake at a certain density. D．Reduced stability of traffic flow. 42．What is the purpose of mentioning the recent follow-up study in Paragraph 3? A．To compare ants with human drivers. B．To criticize current traffic regulations. C．To explain the math behind traffic jams. D．To detail how ants achieve smooth movement. 43．What does the underlined word “tailgating” probably mean in Paragraph 4? A．Keeping a proper distance. B．Driving too close to the front. C．Following strict traffic rules. D．Seeking perfect lane position. 44．What is Katsuhiro Nishinari’s suggestion for ant-inspired self-driving cars? A．Adopt a cooperative approach. B．Collect personal travel data. C．Redesign traffic rules constantly. D．Rely on active human behavior. 45．Which would be the best title for the text? A．Bio-inspired solutions for traffic jams B．Biological performances of moving ants C．Technical challenges for self-driving cars D．Traffic engineering models for traffic flow 第Ⅱ卷（非选择题） 阅读表达 Most people agree that honesty is a good thing. But does Mother Nature agree? Animals can’t talk, but can they lie in other ways? Can they lie with their bodies and behavior? Animal experts may not call it lying, but they do agree that many animals, from birds to chimpanzees, behave dishonestly to fool other animals. Why? Dishonesty often helps them survive. Many kinds of birds are very successful at fooling other animals. For example, a bird called the plover sometimes pretends to be hurt in order to protect its young. When a predator (捕食者) gets close to its nest, the plover leads the predator away from the nest. How? It pretends to have a broken wing. The predator follows the “hurt” adult, leaving the baby birds safe in the nest. Another kind of bird, the scrub jay, buries its food so it always has something to eat. Scrub jays are also thieves. They watch where others bury their food and steal it. But clever scrub jays seem to know when a thief is watching them. So they go back later, unbury the food, and bury it again somewhere else. Birds called cuckoos have found a way to have babies without doing much work. How? They don’t make nests. Instead, they get into other birds’ nests secretly. Then they lay their eggs and fly away. When the baby birds come out, their adoptive parents feed them. Chimpanzees can also be sneaky. After a fight, the losing chimpanzee will give its hand to the other. When the winning chimpanzee puts out its hand, too, the chimpanzees are friendly again. But an animal expert once saw a losing chimpanzee take the winner’s hand and start fighting again. Chimpanzees are sneaky in other ways, too. When chimpanzees find food that they love, such as bananas, it is natural for them to cry out. Then other chimpanzees come running. But some clever chimps learn to cry very softly when they find food. That way, other chimps don’t hear them, and they don’t need to share their food. As children, many of us learn the saying “You can’t fool Mother Nature”. But maybe you can’t trust her, either. 46．According to the passage, why do many animals behave dishonestly to fool others? (No more than 10 words) 47．How does a plover deal with it when a predator approaches its nest? (No more than 15 words) 48．Who often feed cuckoos’ baby birds? (No more than 3 words) 49．What does the underlined word “sneaky” in paragraph 5 mean? (Only 1 word) 50．What kind of animals mentioned in the passage do you like best? Why (No more than 20 words) 四、书信写作 51．假设你是高中生李华，你校英文报The Voice of Youth正在举办以“保护野生动物”为主题的征文活动。为了建设和谐的自然生态，请你写一篇短文投稿。 要点包括： 1. 野生动物的生存现状； 2. 措施与倡议。 注意： (1) 写作词数应为80左右； (2) 可适当增加细节，使内容充实、行文连贯。 Protect Wild Animals _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！1 8 / 9 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ Unit 5 Into the wild单元自测卷（外研版） （考试时间：100分钟 试卷满分：100分） 注意事项： 1．本试卷分第Ⅰ卷（选择题）和第Ⅱ卷（非选择题）两部分。答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上。 2．回答第Ⅰ卷时，选出每小题答案后，用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。写在本试卷上无效。 3．回答第Ⅱ卷时，将答案写在答题卡上。写在本试卷上无效。 4．考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。 第Ⅰ卷（选择题） 一、单项选择 1．— I heard you’re applying for that summer program. How’s it going? — Perfect! ________. I’m really full of confidence. A．It’s out of the question B．Don’t mention it C．What a relief D．It ticks all the right boxes 【答案】D 【详解】句意：——我听说你正在申请那个暑期项目，进展如何？——十分顺利，各项条件全都符合要求，我信心十足。A. It’s out of the question不可能；B. Don’t mention it不客气；C. What a relief总算松口气；D. It ticks all the right boxes全部符合要求。根据前文“Perfect!”可知，一切进展顺利，结合下文的“I’m really full of confidence.”可知，现在是满怀信心，由此可知，申请条件全部达标。 2．Many birds ________ to warmer areas in winter to find enough food and suitable living conditions. A．migrate B．drag C．settle D．wander 【答案】A 【详解】句意：许多鸟类在冬天迁徙到更温暖的地区，以寻找足够的食物和适宜的生存条件。A. migrate迁徙；B. drag拖拽；C. settle定居；D. wander漫游。根据“to warmer areas in winter”可知，此处指鸟类的迁徙行为，用动词migrate作谓语。 3．We got lost a few times even with the help of GPS, but ________ we managed to cross the Rocky Mountains. A．extremely B．eventually C．absolutely D．unfortunately 【答案】B 【详解】句意：即便有全球定位系统帮忙，我们还是数次迷路，但最终还是成功穿越了落基山脉。A. extremely极其；B. eventually最终；C. absolutely绝对地；D. unfortunately不幸地。前后句存在转折关系，表示虽然迷路了几次，但最终完成行程。 4．— We’re already 20 points behind. There’s no way we can win. — Come on, guys. ________ and keep fighting till the last minute. A．hold your horses B．have second thoughts C．tick all the right boxes D．keep your head up 【答案】D 【详解】句意：——我们已经落后20分了。我们不可能赢了。——振作起来，伙计们。不要气馁，继续战斗到最后一刻。A. hold your horses别着急；B. have second thoughts犹豫；产生怀疑；C. tick all the right boxes符合所有的标准；D. keep your head up不要气馁。根据后文“keep fighting till the last minute!”可知，此处是在鼓励队友保持自信、不要气馁。 5．We are now living in an age ________ a great many jobs, especially those dangerous, are done by robots. A．when B．where C．that D．which 【答案】A 【详解】句意：我们现在生活在一个许多工作，特别是那些危险的工作，都由机器人来完成的时代。空格处引导定语从句，修饰先行词an age，且先行词在从句中作时间状语，因此应用关系副词when引导。 6．I have never heard of such a sport ________ participants who use the most time are awarded gold medals. A．as B．which C．that D．where 【答案】D 【详解】句意：我从未听说过这样一种运动，在其中用时最多的参与者被授予金牌。空格处引导定语从句，修饰先行词sport。关系词代替先行词sport在从句中作地点状语，用关系副词where引导。 7．The reason ________ the task was difficult was that the team had limited resources. A．that B．why C．which D．where 【答案】B 【详解】句意：这项任务困难的原因是团队资源有限。空格处引导一个定语从句，修饰先行词reason。从句结构完整，不缺少主语或宾语，因此需要使用关系副词。先行词reason表示原因，故使用关系副词why引导定语从句。 8．I take a walk after dinner every day ________ it can keep me healthy. A．so that B．while C．although D．as soon as 【答案】A 【详解】句意：我每天晚饭后散步，以便它能让我保持健康。A. so that以便；B. while当……时候；C. although虽然；D. as soon as一……就……。根据空后it can keep me healthy表示每天晚饭后散步的目的，应用so that引导目的状语从句。 9．I can’t remember ________ you said at the meeting. A．where B．that C．what D．whether 【答案】C 【详解】句意：我不记得你在会议上说了什么。空格处引导宾语从句，从句中said后缺少宾语，因此需要使用what来引导该从句，表示“所说的话/内容”。 10．Over the past decade, this director ________ several award-winning documentaries about social issues. A．produces B．produced C．has produced D．had produced 【答案】C 【详解】句意：在过去的十年里，这位导演制作了几部关于社会问题的获奖纪录片。根据时间状语“Over the past decade”可知，句子时态应为现在完成时，表示动作从过去开始一直持续到现在。主语this director为第三人称单数，谓语动词需用has produced。 11．— Look, it ________ again. — Yeah. This is the third snow we ________ this spring. A．will snow; are having B．has snowed; had had C．is snowing; have had D．snows; have had 【答案】C 【详解】考查时态。句意：——看，又下雪了。——是的，这是今年春天我们经历的第三场雪。第一空，根据look可知，此处应用现在进行时，表示动作正在发生，主语it是第三人称单数，be动词用is，所以第一空应填is snowing；第二空，“This is the+序数词+名词+主语+谓语”是固定句型，表示“这是某人第几次做某事”，其中从句的谓语动词应用现在完成时，主语we是复数，助动词用have，所以第二空应填have had。故选C。 12．______ to get a ticket for the concert, George has been standing in a queue for three hours. A．Having determined B．Determining C．To determine D．Determined 【答案】D 【详解】句意：决心买到一张音乐会的门票，George已经排队站了三个小时了。此句已有谓语动词has been standing，空处需用非谓语动词；be determined to do sth. 是固定短语，意为“决心做某事”，此处应用过去分词determined作原因状语，说明主语George的状态。 13．It was in the very hospital ________ she was born 20 years ago ________ she was undergoing a difficult period of treatment. A．that, that B．that, where C．where, where D．where, that 【答案】D 【详解】句意：正是在她20年前出生的那家医院里，她正在经历一段艰难的治疗期。第一空为定语从句，先行词为the very hospital，在从句中作地点状语，所以用关系副词where；第二空为强调句型It was...that...，强调的是地点状语in the very hospital where she was born 20 years ago，所以用that。 14．By using the online forum and the digital library together, we can ________ and finish the research in half the time. A．throw the baby out with the bathwater B．rain cats and dogs C．kill two birds with one stone D．burn the midnight oil 【答案】C 【详解】句意：通过将在线论坛和数字图书馆结合起来使用，我们就能一举两得，将研究工作在一半的时间内完成。A. throw the baby out with the bathwater不分好坏地全盘抛弃；B. rain cats and dogs下倾盆大雨；C. kill two birds with one stone一石二鸟；D. burn the midnight oil熬夜学习/工作。同时使用两种工具，达成高效省时两个效果，一举两得。 15．The company’s innovative technology has _________ in the industry. A．broken new ground B．braved the elements C．backed down D．struck a balance 【答案】A 【详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：该公司的创新技术在行业内开辟了新天地。A. broken new ground开辟新领域、取得突破性进展；B. braved the elements不顾天气恶劣；C. backed down退让；D. struck a balance达成平衡。根据“The company’s innovative technology”可推知，创新技术在行业内开辟了新天地，取得了突破性进展，动词短语broken new ground符合语境。故选A项。 二、完形填空 Kyle Lybarger has found unexpected internet fame by introducing his followers to the overlooked world of southeastern flora (植物群). Along the way, he has become a(n) 16 of rare and endangered plant populations across Alabama. It all started with what Lybarger now 17 as a terrible mistake. About a decade ago, he found an open, rocky area 18 to plant food for hunting wildlife. He applied herbicide (除草剂), added soil, planted seeds and cut down some trees to 19 more light. The seeds didn’t survive. But around the edges, which he hadn’t 20 , beautiful plants sprang up and he believed he should know what they were. After posting their photos online, a local botanist 21 . Through him, Lybarger realized that he had destroyed an area with a wild seed bank of 22 species, all to plant only two or fewer species that didn’t belong to the ecosystem. Feeling 23 , Lybarger decided to protect local biodiversity and 24 native plant habitats. In a state where most land is 25 owned, that has meant knocking on doors to speak with landowners who 26 in the conservation of rare plants. Lybarger offers to care for those populations at no cost, 27 his income from social media. Lybarger thinks his biggest 28 comes through education on social media, influencing people to grow the native plants that 29 declining pollinators (授粉者) which are essential for the local environment. “Even one person, one yard, one-tenth of an acre can make a 30 ,” he says. 16．A．pioneer B．protector C．collector D．observer 17．A．ranks B．selects C．regards D．appoints 18．A．available B．harmful C．impossible D．suitable 19．A．let in B．bring about C．reflect off D．block out 20．A．adjusted B．marked C．watered D．treated 21．A．fell in love B．got in touch C．came to power D．ran into trouble 22．A．common B．hybrid C．countless D．migratory 23．A．regretful B．relieved C．grateful D．exhausted 24．A．restore B．copy C．record D．occupy 25．A．jointly B．publicly C．privately D．legally 26．A．remain B．compete C．specialize D．matter 27．A．thanks to B．instead of C．according to D．regardless of 28．A．challenge B．progress C．concern D．contribution 29．A．prevent B．support C．excite D．discourage 30．A．choice B．fortune C．difference D．decision 【答案】 16．B 17．C 18．D 19．A 20．D 21．B 22．C 23．A 24．A 25．C 26．D 27．A 28．D 29．B 30．C 【导语】文章介绍了博主Kyle Lybarger因早年破坏原生植物栖息地心生愧疚，转而投身阿拉巴马州珍稀濒危植物保护，依靠社交媒体科普本土植物、呼吁民众参与生态保护的故事。 【详解】16．考查名词。句意：一路走来，他成了阿拉巴马各地珍稀濒危植物种群的保护者。A. pioneer先驱；B. protector保护者；C. collector收藏家；D. observer观察者。根据后文“Lybarger decided to protect local biodiversity and native plant habitats”可知，他下定决心保护本土植物，对应身份是植物保护者。 17．考查动词。句意：一切始于Lybarger如今视作一次严重失误的一件事。A. ranks排名；B. selects挑选；C. regards认为；D. appoints任命。根据后文“as a terrible mistake”可知，他的环保初衷源于视作一次严重失误的一件事，固定搭配regard sth. as sth.意为“把某物视作……”。 18．考查形容词。句意：大约十年前，他找到一片开阔多岩石的区域，适合种植供狩猎野生动物食用的作物。A. available可获得的；B. harmful有害的；C. impossible不可能的；D. suitable合适的。根据前文“ he found an open, rocky area”及后文“to plant food for hunting wildlife”可知，此处指这片土地适合种作物，固定搭配suitable to do sth.表示“适合做某事”。 19．考查动词短语。句意：他喷洒除草剂、填土、播种，还砍倒一些树木以引入更多光照。A. let in使进入；B. bring about导致；C. reflect off反射；D. block out遮挡。根据后文“more light”可知，砍树是为了让阳光透进地里。 20．考查动词。句意：但在他没有处理过的地块边缘，长出了漂亮的野花，他决心弄清楚这些植物是什么。A. adjusted调整；B. marked标记；C. watered浇水；D. treated处理。根据前文“He applied herbicide, added soil, planted seeds and cut down some trees”及“But around the edges”可知，他只在中间区域喷洒除草剂、改造土地，边缘地带没有对土地进行任何处理。 21．考查动词短语。句意：他把植物照片发到网上后，当地一位植物学家联系了他。A. fell in love坠入爱河；B. got in touch取得联系；C. came to power掌权；D. ran into trouble陷入麻烦。根据后文“Through him, Lybarger realized”可知，博主发布植物照片，植物学家看到后主动联系他科普植物知识。 22．考查形容词。句意：通过这位植物学家， Lybarger意识到，他毁掉了一片存有无数本土物种野生种子库的土地，只为种植两种甚至更少不属于当地生态系统的外来作物。A. common普通的；B. hybrid杂交的；C. countless无数的；D. migratory迁徙的。对比后文“only two or fewer species”可知，此处强调本土植物数量繁多、不计其数。 23．考查形容词。句意：Lybarger满心懊悔，决定保护当地生物多样性，修复本土植物栖息地。A. regretful懊悔的；B. relieved宽慰的；C. grateful感激的；D. exhausted疲惫的。根据前文“he had destroyed an area with a wild seed bank of species”可知，他亲手毁掉原生植物栖息地，内心充满愧疚。 24．考查动词。句意同上。A. restore修复；B. copy复制；C. record记录；D. occupy占据。根据前文“he had destroyed an area with a wild seed bank of species”可知，他破坏了原生土地，因此目标是修复受损的植物生存环境。 25．考查副词。句意：在这片大部分土地归私人所有的州，这意味着他需要挨家挨户拜访那些在珍稀植物保护方面举足轻重的土地所有者。A. jointly共同地；B. publicly公开地；C. privately私人地；D. legally合法地。根据后文“knocking on doors to speak with landowners”说明土地属于私人所有的。 26．考查动词。句意同上。A. remain保持；B. compete竞争；C. specialize专攻；D. matter要紧、起重要作用。根据前文“knocking on doors to speak with landowners”及后文“in the conservation of rare plants”可知，大部分土地是私有的，所以这些土地所有者在植物保护这件事上是十分关键的。 27．考查介词短语。句意：Lybarger免费照料这些植物种群，收入来源于社交媒体。A. thanks to多亏；B. instead of代替；C. according to根据；D. regardless of不管。根据前文“offers to care for those populations at no cost”及后文“ his income from social media”可知，他能够无偿养护植物，依靠社交媒体赚取收入支撑这项工作。 28．考查名词。句意：Lybarger认为他最大的贡献是在社交媒体上开展科普，引导人们种植本土植物，支撑数量不断减少的授粉昆虫，而授粉昆虫对当地环境至关重要。A. challenge挑战；B. progress进步；C. concern担忧；D. contribution贡献。根据后文“influencing people to grow the native plants”说明线上科普是他做出的重要贡献。 29．考查动词。句意同上。A. prevent阻止；B. support供养、支撑；C. excite使兴奋；D. discourage阻碍。根据前文“grow the native plants”及后文“declining pollinators”可知，本土植物能为授粉昆虫提供食物与生存环境，支撑它们生存繁衍。 30．考查名词。句意：他说：“哪怕只是一个人、一处小院、十分之一英亩土地，都能带来改变、发挥作用。”A. choice选择；B. fortune财富；C. difference不同、影响；D. decision决定。根据前文“Lybarger decided to protect local biodiversity and native plant habitats”可知，Lybarger凭借一己之力为保护当地生物多样性，修复本土植物栖息地，固定搭配make a difference意为“产生影响、有所作为”。 3、 阅读理解 A Nature words like river, moss, and blossom are slowly disappearing from our books. However, this change in language is more than just a literary trend — it is a serious warning sign. We are facing a severe disconnection from the natural world. To prevent a complete “extinction of experience” with nature, society must move beyond simple environmental fixes and radically redesign both our urban landscapes and our early education systems. The primary cause of this disconnection is urbanisation. As cities grow, green spaces and wildlife in our neighbourhoods continue to vanish. According to a study by Professor Miles Richardson of the University of Derby, the problem is far larger than we realise. His research suggests that, to stop the decline in our connection to nature, a city might need to be ten times greener than it is today. Simple changes cannot reverse over 200 years of urbanisation and wildlife loss. If we want real change, we must first accept the massive scale of the challenge. Furthermore, the most effective way to address this crisis is through early childhood education. The connection to nature is often passed down through generations. When parents lose this bond, their children are less likely to develop it. Therefore, efforts that target only adults are often insufficient. Government initiatives must actively support early actions, such as “forest schools” for young children. Building this connection from an early age is the most reliable predictor of whether a person will value the environment as an adult. We must make nature an essential part of growing up, not just an occasional hobby. Admittedly, completely transforming our cities and education systems over the next few decades sounds like an impossible task. Critics may argue that modern life is too fast-paced for such dramatic shifts. However, this assumption is flawed. Rebuilding our relationship with nature does not require us to abandon modern civilisation. Studies show that people currently spend an average of less than five minutes a day in nature. Increasing this to just 40 minutes a day is an achievable goal for most citizens. In conclusion, the disappearance of nature words from our pages reflects a fading of nature from our hearts. We cannot afford to let the natural world become a mere abstract concept for future generations. By increasing biodiversity in our cities and bringing nature back into early education, we can secure a lasting connection to nature. The time for minor adjustments is over; the time for systemic change is now. 31．Why does the author mention disappearing nature words? A．To question modern reading habits. B．To note a passing language shift. C．To praise changes in literature. D．To signal a deeper social loss. 32．What does Professor Richardson’s study suggest about urban greening? A．Mild adjustments lack real impacts. B．Simple measures worsen urban crises. C．Modern lifestyles destroy green spaces. D．Massive efforts are needed to limit city growth. 33．Why are adult-focused efforts seen as insufficient? A．Adults resist official green programs. B．Adults rarely have an influence on family values. C．Nature learning depends on government initiative. D．Nature bonding becomes harder to pass down once adults lose it. 34．Why does the author mention the “40 minutes” daily goal? A．To prove the suggested change possible. B．To question the given research data. C．To criticise the fast modern rhythm. D．To stress the heavy life pressure. 35．What could be the best title for the passage? A．Rebuilding Our Bond with Nature B．Greening Cities for Future Generations C．Bringing Nature Back into Children’s Lives D．Understanding the Disappearance of Nature Words 【答案】31．D 32．A 33．D 34．A 35．A 【导语】文章讲述自然类词汇逐渐淡出书籍，反映出人类与自然日益疏离。城市化加剧了这一问题，仅靠小改变远远不够，需优化城市绿化、重视儿童自然教育，以可行的系统性举措重建人与自然的紧密联系。 【详解】31．推理判断题。根据第一段“However, this change in language is more than just a literary trend — it is a serious warning sign. We are facing a severe disconnection from the natural world.(然而，这种语言变化不只是文学潮流，更是一个严重的警示信号。我们正面临与自然界严重脱节的困境。)”可知，作者提及自然类词汇消失，是为了暗示更深层的社会缺失 —— 人类与自然的联结正在消退。 32．推理判断题。根据第二段“Simple changes cannot reverse over 200 years of urbanisation and wildlife loss.(简单的改变无法逆转两百多年来的城市化与野生动物流失。)”可知，理查德森教授的研究表明，温和小幅的调整产生不了实际效果，无法解决根本问题。 33．细节理解题。根据第三段“When parents lose this bond, their children are less likely to develop it. Therefore, efforts that target only adults are often insufficient.(一旦父母失去与自然的联结，孩子也很难建立这种联系。因此仅针对成年人的保护举措往往作用有限。)”可知，只面向成年人的措施效果不足，是因为成年人一旦缺失自然情怀，就很难将这种情怀传承下去。 34．推理判断题。根据第四段“However, this assumption is flawed. Rebuilding our relationship with nature does not require us to abandon modern civilisation. Studies show that people currently spend an average of less than five minutes a day in nature. Increasing this to just 40 minutes a day is an achievable goal for most citizens.(然而，这种设想是有缺陷的。重建我们与自然的关系，并不需要我们放弃现代文明。研究表明，如今人们每天置身自然的时间平均不足五分钟。对大多数人而言，将这一时间增加至每天仅40分钟，是一个可以实现的目标。)”可知，作者提出每日40分钟的目标，是为了证明重建人与自然联结的变革是切实可行的。 35．主旨大意题。通读全文特别是根据最后一段“By increasing biodiversity in our cities and bringing nature back into early education, we can secure a lasting connection to nature.(通过提升城市生物多样性、将自然重新融入早教，我们能维系与自然长久的联结。)”可知，全文围绕人类与自然日渐疏离的现状，呼吁从城市改造和早教入手，重建人与自然的纽带，所以A项“Rebuilding Our Bond with Nature(重建我们与自然的联系)”最能概括全文主旨。 B Not only do some mosquito species show very strong preferences for obtaining their blood meals from humans, they also appear to discriminate one person from another when choosing their next meal. It has long been thought that the blood type is a critical factor that influences mosquitoes’ choices. A previous study published in Nature found mosquitoes landed on people with type O blood nearly twice as often as on those with type A blood and that people with type B blood fell somewhere in between the above two. Relatively speaking, people with type AB blood are much luckier than those with type A blood. There are also many old wives’ tales about mosquito bites. Some think that having fair skin, being sweaty and even eating food with garlic can influence biting rates one way or the other. There are plenty of these anecdotes and for the most part they don’t appear to have much influence when scientifically tested. That’s why a great deal of research effort is put into understanding mosquitoes’ feeding choices. All mosquito species use carbon dioxide as a long-range indicator of nearby people. However, CO₂ is everywhere and provides little information to help a specialist mosquito identify its preferred target. Lactic (relating to milk) acid has been demonstrated to be a significant attractant alongside CO₂ and is much more common in humans than in other animals. Other chemicals also help supplement the human odor (气味). But a recent study has found the best evidence for what motivates a mosquito’s choice among different people — the variation in our skin microorganisms. These microorganisms are mostly not disease-causing bacteria which live on our skin. The odor combination they give off is the critical factor in telling mosquitoes how tasty we’d be. We have an estimated one million bacteria per square cm of skin, often comprising hundreds of species. Using a special method to obtain the particular chemicals from people who seem to rarely attract mosquitoes, scientists at the UK’s Rothamsted Research have found these natural substances that mosquitoes don’t seem to find appealing. Eventually, including these substances into advanced bug spray could make it possible for people to ward off mosquitoes for good. 36．Which one is mosquitoes’ favorite according to the study published in Nature? A．Type A blood. B．Type B blood. C．Type AB blood. D．Type O blood. 37．What do we learn about the anecdotes about mosquitoes? A．They mostly have something to do with daily diets. B．They lay the foundations for further study. C．They all lack solid scientific evidence. D．They all originate from old tales. 38．How do mosquitoes find target food according to the recent study? A．By releasing an odor to numb human skin. B．By calculating the density of CO₂ around them. C．By stimulating their receptors of some chemicals. D．By following the odor of human skin microorganisms. 39．What do scientists of Rothamsted Research aim to do? A．Develop effective anti-mosquito products. B．Find out factors that affect the human odor. C．Seek cures for diseases caused by mosquitoes. D．Explore the composition of skin microorganisms. 40．What would be the best title for the text? A．Why is it important to prevent mosquito bites? B．Why do mosquitoes prefer some people to others? C．Why are certain chemicals attractive to mosquitoes? D．Why are microorganisms so vital to people’s health? 【答案】36．D 37．C 38．D 39．A 40．B 【导语】文章主要探讨蚊子为何偏爱某些人，介绍了血型、民间传说、二氧化碳、乳酸以及最新发现的皮肤微生物等影响蚊子选择的因素。 【详解】36．细节理解题。根据第二段中‌“A previous study published in Nature found mosquitoes landed on people with type O blood nearly twice as often as on those with type A blood and that people with type B blood fell somewhere in between the above two. (发表在《自然》杂志上的一项先前研究发现，蚊子落在O型血的人身上的次数几乎是A型血的人的两倍，而B型血的人介于两者之间。)”可知，根据该研究，蚊子最喜欢O型血的人。 37．细节理解题。根据第三段中‌“There are plenty of these anecdotes and for the most part they don’t appear to have much influence when scientifically tested. (有很多这样的传闻，其中大部分在经过科学检验后似乎没有多大影响。)”可知，这些关于蚊子的民间传闻大多缺乏科学证据支持。 38．细节理解题。根据第五段中‌“But a recent study has found the best evidence for what motivates a mosquito’s choice among different people — the variation in our skin microorganisms. (但最近的一项研究发现了蚊子在不同人之间做出选择的最佳证据——我们皮肤微生物的差异。)”和‌“The odor combination they give off is the critical factor in telling mosquitoes how tasty we’d be. (它们释放的气味组合是告诉蚊子我们有多“美味”的关键因素。)”可知，根据最新研究，蚊子是通过跟随人体皮肤微生物散发的气味来寻找目标的。 39．细节理解题。根据最后一段中‌“Using a special method to obtain the particular chemicals from people who seem to rarely attract mosquitoes, scientists at the UK’s Rothamsted Research have found these natural substances that mosquitoes don’t seem to find appealing. Eventually, including these substances into advanced bug spray could make it possible for people to ward off mosquitoes for good. (英国Rothamsted研究所的科学家们使用一种特殊方法，从那些似乎很少吸引蚊子的人身上获取特定的化学物质，他们发现了这些蚊子似乎不喜欢的天然物质。最终，将这些物质加入先进的驱虫喷雾中，可以使人们永久地驱赶蚊子。)”可知，Rothamsted Research的科学家们的目标是开发出有效的防蚊产品。 40．主旨大意题。通读全文，第一段中‌“they also appear to discriminate one person from another when choosing their next meal. (它们在选择下一餐时似乎也会区分不同的人。)”提出蚊子会挑选人；第二段讲血型的影响；第三段讲民间传说缺乏科学依据；第四段讲二氧化碳和乳酸的作用；第五段讲最新发现——皮肤微生物是关键因素；第六段讲利用该发现开发防蚊产品。文章从蚊子对不同血型人的偏好、传统说法、二氧化碳和乳酸的作用，到最后揭示皮肤微生物的气味是关键因素，全文围绕“为什么蚊子更喜欢某些人而不是其他人”这一问题展开，故‌“Why do mosquitoes prefer some people to others?”能概括文章内容，最适合做标题。 C Seen from an airplane, cars moving slowly on the highway look like a line of ants. Unlike these human-driven vehicles, however, ants are able to avoid the troubling stop-and-go traffic that bothers daily commutes (通勤). Researchers have therefore turned their attention to studying the ants’ teamwork-based behaviors, hoping to apply these insights to designing self-driving cars that can prevent traffic jams. As the number of cars on highways keeps growing, the stability (稳定) of traffic flow gradually falls. Studies show that when the density (密度) reaches 15 vehicles per mile per lane (车道), a single driver’s sudden brake tap can lead to long-lasting and widespread traffic jams. Scientist Katsuhiro Nishinari, a mathematical physicist studying traffic transitions, compares this phenomenon to a phase transition, such as water turning into ice. Even small individual actions in such situations can quickly develop into major traffic issues. Katsuhiro Nishinari’s previous research has already shown that food-seeking ants can maintain smooth movement even when their population density is very high. A recent follow-up study has shown they usually travel in groups of 3 to 20 individuals, moving at steady speeds with proper gaps between each other and never attempting to overtake. Their behavior depends on mutual collaboration rather than individual preferences. This collective intelligence offers a lesson for human drivers today. One key takeaway is to avoid tailgating. Keeping a safe distance from the vehicle ahead helps absorb the shock waves caused by sudden braking in dense traffic. Of course, ants have the natural advantage of creating flexible paths, while cars are bound to fixed lanes. But the principle of maintaining proper spacing remains vital for safety and efficiency on our roads. Looking ahead, the real transformation may come from technology. As Katsuhiro Nishinari points out, “Unlike human drivers who often act on their own, future self-driving cars could be designed to share real-time data and function as a combined system.” Inspired by ants, these vehicles can upgrade traffic flow as a shared system, potentially requiring updates to existing rules to fully realize their benefits. 41．What can cause widespread highway traffic jams directly? A．A total of 15 cars per mile. B．Ant behaviors affecting driving. C．A sudden brake at a certain density. D．Reduced stability of traffic flow. 42．What is the purpose of mentioning the recent follow-up study in Paragraph 3? A．To compare ants with human drivers. B．To criticize current traffic regulations. C．To explain the math behind traffic jams. D．To detail how ants achieve smooth movement. 43．What does the underlined word “tailgating” probably mean in Paragraph 4? A．Keeping a proper distance. B．Driving too close to the front. C．Following strict traffic rules. D．Seeking perfect lane position. 44．What is Katsuhiro Nishinari’s suggestion for ant-inspired self-driving cars? A．Adopt a cooperative approach. B．Collect personal travel data. C．Redesign traffic rules constantly. D．Rely on active human behavior. 45．Which would be the best title for the text? A．Bio-inspired solutions for traffic jams B．Biological performances of moving ants C．Technical challenges for self-driving cars D．Traffic engineering models for traffic flow 【答案】41．C 42．D 43．B 44．A 45．A 【导语】本文介绍科学家研究蚂蚁的协作通行特性，希望借鉴其行为原理优化自动驾驶汽车，解决交通拥堵问题。 【详解】41．细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Studies show that when the density reaches 15 vehicles per mile per lane, a single driver’s sudden brake tap can lead to long-lasting and widespread traffic jams.(研究表明，当车道车流密度达到每英里每车道15辆车时，单个驾驶员的一次突然刹车会引发持久且大范围的交通拥堵)”可知，特定车流密度下的突然刹车会直接引发大范围高速公路拥堵。 42．推理判断题。根据第三段中“Katsuhiro Nishinari’s previous research has already shown that food-seeking ants can maintain smooth movement even when their population density is very high. A recent follow-up study has shown they usually travel in groups of 3 to 20 individuals, moving at steady speeds with proper gaps between each other and never attempting to overtake.(Katsuhiro Nishinari此前的研究已经表明，觅食的蚂蚁即使在种群密度很高的情况下也能保持平稳移动。最近的一项后续研究发现，它们通常以3到20只为一组旅行，以稳定的速度移动，彼此之间保持适当的间隙，从不试图超车)”可知，第三段提到最近的后续研究是为了详细说明蚂蚁如何实现平稳移动。 43．词句猜测题。根据第四段中的“Keeping a safe distance from the vehicle ahead helps absorb the shock waves caused by sudden braking in dense traffic.(与前车保持安全距离有助于缓解车流密集时突然刹车带来的冲击效应)”可知，要与前车保持安全距离，因此研究得到的一个重要启示是避免跟车过近，划线词tailgating意为“跟车距离过近”。 44．细节理解题。根据最后一段中“As Katsuhiro Nishinari points out, “Unlike human drivers who often act independently, future self-driving cars could be designed to share real-time data and function as an integrated system.” Inspired by ants, these vehicles can upgrade traffic flow as a cooperative system, potentially requiring updates to existing regulations to fully realize their benefits.(正如Katsuhiro Nishinari指出的那样，“与经常独立行动的人类驾驶员不同，未来的自动驾驶汽车可以被设计成共享实时数据并作为一个集成系统运行。”受蚂蚁的启发，这些车辆可以作为一个协作系统来升级交通流量，可能需要更新现有法规以充分实现其优势)”可知，Katsuhiro Nishinari建议受蚂蚁启发的自动驾驶汽车应采用协作方法。 45．主旨大意题。通读全文，并结合第一段中“Researchers have therefore turned their attention to studying the ants’ teamwork-based behaviors, hoping to apply these insights to designing self-driving cars that can prevent traffic jams.(因此研究人员开始研究蚂蚁的协作行为，希望将研究心得运用到可规避交通拥堵的自动驾驶汽车研发中)”可知，文章围绕借鉴蚂蚁的生物特性，研发新型自动驾驶技术、解决交通拥堵的方案展开。故选A选项“借鉴生物原理解决交通拥堵”能概括文章主旨，适合作标题。 第Ⅱ卷（非选择题） 阅读表达 Most people agree that honesty is a good thing. But does Mother Nature agree? Animals can’t talk, but can they lie in other ways? Can they lie with their bodies and behavior? Animal experts may not call it lying, but they do agree that many animals, from birds to chimpanzees, behave dishonestly to fool other animals. Why? Dishonesty often helps them survive. Many kinds of birds are very successful at fooling other animals. For example, a bird called the plover sometimes pretends to be hurt in order to protect its young. When a predator (捕食者) gets close to its nest, the plover leads the predator away from the nest. How? It pretends to have a broken wing. The predator follows the “hurt” adult, leaving the baby birds safe in the nest. Another kind of bird, the scrub jay, buries its food so it always has something to eat. Scrub jays are also thieves. They watch where others bury their food and steal it. But clever scrub jays seem to know when a thief is watching them. So they go back later, unbury the food, and bury it again somewhere else. Birds called cuckoos have found a way to have babies without doing much work. How? They don’t make nests. Instead, they get into other birds’ nests secretly. Then they lay their eggs and fly away. When the baby birds come out, their adoptive parents feed them. Chimpanzees can also be sneaky. After a fight, the losing chimpanzee will give its hand to the other. When the winning chimpanzee puts out its hand, too, the chimpanzees are friendly again. But an animal expert once saw a losing chimpanzee take the winner’s hand and start fighting again. Chimpanzees are sneaky in other ways, too. When chimpanzees find food that they love, such as bananas, it is natural for them to cry out. Then other chimpanzees come running. But some clever chimps learn to cry very softly when they find food. That way, other chimps don’t hear them, and they don’t need to share their food. As children, many of us learn the saying “You can’t fool Mother Nature”. But maybe you can’t trust her, either. 46．According to the passage, why do many animals behave dishonestly to fool others? (No more than 10 words) 47．How does a plover deal with it when a predator approaches its nest? (No more than 15 words) 48．Who often feed cuckoos’ baby birds? (No more than 3 words) 49．What does the underlined word “sneaky” in paragraph 5 mean? (Only 1 word) 50．What kind of animals mentioned in the passage do you like best? Why (No more than 20 words) 【答案】46．Because dishonesty often helps them survive. 47．It pretends to have a broken wing and leads the predator away. 48．Their adoptive parents. 49．Dishonest. 50．开放性试题，言之有理即可。参考答案可以为I like scrub jays best. They are clever to hide food from thieves. 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍鸟类（如鸻、灌丛鸦、布谷鸟）和黑猩猩会通过假装受伤、转移食物等不诚实行为欺骗他人，而这些行为的核心目的是帮助它们生存。 46．细节理解题。根据第一段“Animal experts may not call it lying, but they do agree that many animals, from birds to chimpanzees, behave dishonestly to fool other animals. Why? Dishonesty often helps them survive.(动物专家可能不会称之为撒谎，但他们一致认为，从鸟类到黑猩猩，许多动物会通过不诚实的行为来欺骗其他动物。为什么呢？因为不诚实往往能帮助它们生存。)”可知，动物做出不诚实行为的原因是这种行为有助于它们生存。故答案为Because dishonesty often helps them survive. 47．细节理解题。根据第二段“When a predator (捕食者) gets close to its nest, the plover leads the predator away from the nest. How? It pretends to have a broken wing.(当捕食者靠近它的巢穴时，鸻会把捕食者引离巢穴。它是怎么做到的？它会假装翅膀受伤。)”可知，鸻面对靠近巢穴的捕食者时，会假装翅膀受伤以引开捕食者。故答案为It pretends to have a broken wing and leads the predator away. 48．细节理解题。根据第四段“When the baby birds come out, their adoptive parents feed them.(当雏鸟孵化出来后，它们的养鸟父母会喂养它们。)”可知，喂养布谷鸟雏鸟的是它们的养鸟父母。故答案为Their adoptive parents. 49．词句猜测题。根据第五段“After a fight, the losing chimpanzee will give its hand to the other. When the winning chimpanzee puts out its hand, too, the chimpanzees are friendly again. But an animal expert once saw a losing chimpanzee take the winner’s hand and start fighting again.(打架后，输的黑猩猩会向对方伸出手。当赢的黑猩猩也伸出手时，它们就会重新变得友好。但一位动物专家曾看到一只输了的黑猩猩握住赢家的手后，又开始打架。)”可知，黑猩猩会通过假意示好再发起攻击，表现出不诚实的特点；且结合前文多次提到动物“behave dishonestly”，可推测sneaky意为“不诚实的”。故答案为Dishonest. 50．开放性试题，言之有理即可。参考答案可以为：我最喜欢灌丛鸦。他们很聪明，能把食物藏起来躲避小偷。故答案为I like scrub jays best. They are clever to hide food from thieves. 四、书信写作 51．假设你是高中生李华，你校英文报The Voice of Youth正在举办以“保护野生动物”为主题的征文活动。为了建设和谐的自然生态，请你写一篇短文投稿。 要点包括： 1. 野生动物的生存现状； 2. 措施与倡议。 注意： (1) 写作词数应为80左右； (2) 可适当增加细节，使内容充实、行文连贯。 Protect Wild Animals ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】Protect Wild Animals Currently, many wild animals are in danger. Their habitats are being destroyed, and illegal hunting has pushed some species to the edge of extinction, breaking the ecological balance. To help, the government should make stricter laws and build more nature reserves. As students, we can spread the message of protection and refuse to buy products made from endangered animals. Wild animals are our friends. Let’s take action now. Only by protecting them can we build a harmonious natural home together. 【导语】本篇书面表达要求考生以李华的身份，围绕 “保护野生动物” 主题投稿，介绍野生动物的生存现状，并提出保护措施与倡议，倡导共建和谐自然生态。 【详解】1. 词汇积累 破坏：destroy → damage 灭绝：extinction → dying out 禁止：refuse → decline 和谐的：harmonious → peaceful 2. 句式拓展 简单句变复合句 原句：Their habitats are being destroyed, and illegal hunting has pushed some species to the edge of extinction, breaking the ecological balance. 拓展句：Their habitats are being destroyed, and illegal hunting has pushed some species to the edge of extinction, which breaks the ecological balance. 【点睛】【高分句型 1】Their habitats are being destroyed, and illegal hunting has pushed some species to the edge of extinction, breaking the ecological balance.（运用现在分词breaking作结果状语） 【高分句型 2】Only by protecting them can we build a harmonious natural home together.（运用only+状语倒装句） 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！1 8 / 9 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $