衔接点28 阅读理解常考四类题型追踪之推理题、主旨大意题（初高考点差异及衔接）（讲义，通用版）英语初升高衔接

衔接点28 阅读理解四类题型追踪之推理+主旨大意题 初中视角 高中展望 篇幅长度：单篇约 200-300 词，结构清晰。 题材范围：以日常生活、故事、应用文（通知、邮件）为主，语言直白，少专业术语。 语言难度：词汇以课标 1600 词为主，长难句少，多简单句或并列句。 题型侧重：以细节理解题为主（占比 60%-70%），如：直接问答、事实判断、数字查找。 篇幅长度：单篇约 300-400 词，部分高考真题可达 450 词以上，段落逻辑复杂（对比、转折频繁）。 题材范围：拓展至科技说明文、议论文、文化批判、文学节选等，含较多专业词汇（如科技类术语、社会科学概念）。 语言难度：词汇量提升至 3000+（课标词汇 + 超纲词），长难句密集（复合句、非谓语结构、插入语）。 衔接引导 初中阶段考查形式：要求学生能够通过阅读理解短文大意，获取主要信息，并能做出正确判断，以应用文或说明文为主，细节题居多。 高中阶段考查形式：阅读材料在句长方面有所提升，句子变长变难，整体阅读难度加大。题含细节题、推理题、词义猜测、主旨大意等。 【初中阅读理解考点聚焦】 一、四大核心考点 1. 细节理解（占比最高）：定位 5W1H、数字、正误信息，考原文信息查找，陷阱多为张冠李戴、篡改数据。 2. 推理判断（难点拉分）：推断人物情绪、作者态度、文章出处、隐含文意，答案不能直接照搬原文。 3. 主旨大意：概括段意 / 全文主旨、选标题、判断写作目的，避坑以偏概全、范围过大。 4. 词义猜测：依托转折、并列、举例、因果上下文猜生词、熟词僻义与代词指代。 二、常考文体侧重 记叙文：情节、情感、主旨；应用文：信息检索；说明文：特征数据；议论文：观点态度。 三、常规设题类型 细节题、推理题、主旨标题题、词义指代题。 三．推理判断题 · 要求根据上下文逻辑推断隐含信息（如作者意图、事件发展趋势），占比约 20%，常见题干：What can we infer...? [示例] (节选) ...... Among different art styles of dough figurines all over the country, Dough Figurine Lang, created by Lang Shao’an, is an art unique (独特的) to Beijing. The subject of Dough Figurine Lang is mainly about describing the real traditional life of Beijingers. Mianren Lang has top skills in the art of making dough figurines. ________ You should be calm, careful and quick. If your hand moves carelessly, you will make mistakes. So keep calm. Then you should find the right place to stick the nose and other parts on. You must be quick, or else, the dough gets dry and useless. 37．Which of the following sentences can be put in the ________. A．It needs many steps to finish a wonderful dough figurine. B．To make a dough figurine, you should master the basic skills. C．An artist of dough figurines should be creative in every step. D．You should make a lot of preparations before making a dough figurine. 四．主旨大意题 · 需总结文章中心思想或段落大意，常出现在首末段，题干关键词：main idea, purpose, best title。 [示例] (节选) How are driverless cars safer? Firstly, driverless cars can help manage traffic. By using communication technologies to “talk” to each other, driverless cars find the best roads. Information such as distance（距离）between cars, traffic and time is sent to the cars. This means fewer chances of these cars running into each other. Secondly, the use of driverless cars means fewer accidents will happen because of human mistakes. For example, accidents caused by little sleep or drunk driving will be avoided. Finally, the driverless technology of the future, is expected to be more reliable（可靠）than a human driver. 40．What is Paragraph 4 mainly about? A．The cause of road deaths. B．The management of traffic. C．The safety of driverless cars. D．The development of driverless technology. 【高中考点聚焦】 课标解读 考点聚焦： “信息加工能力”，即能否对文中信息进行分析、推理、概括，形成深层理解。 题型侧重：深层理解题占比提升：推理题（infer, imply）、主旨题（main idea）、词义猜测题、作者态度题合计占比 50% 以上。细节题考查更隐蔽：答案需整合多个句子信息，或通过同义替换呈现（如题干用 “accelerate”，原文用 “speed up”）。 能力要求：分析篇章结构（如总分总、对比论证），理解段落间逻辑关系（因果、让步、例证）。推断作者隐含意图，概括抽象主旨（如从具体案例提炼社会现象本质）。 · 高中主流常规阅读题型（全国卷高考标准题型） 阅读理解四选一（A/B/C/D 四篇，常规阅读） 标准设问分类： 1. 细节题：What can we learn about...? According to the passage... 2. 推理题：It can be inferred from the text that...; What does the writer imply... 3. 主旨题：What is the text mainly about? Best title; What’s the purpose of the passage? 4. 词义句意题：The underlined word/sentence means... 5. 态度题：What is the author’s attitude towards...? · 初高中阅读核心差异总结 1. 难度层级 初中：表层信息为主，推理浅显，句子简短直白； 高中：长难句密集，长难篇章，侧重深层逻辑与思辨，同义替换是常态。 2. 考查重心 初中：信息查找能力； 高中：逻辑思维、批判性解读、文化理解、语篇整体分析。 3. 设题陷阱 初中陷阱直白；高中选项强干扰，易混项需要比对原文证据，依靠逻辑排除。 考点清单 考点三： 阅读理解推理判断题 一）：推断隐含意义 (1)抓住特定信息进行逆向或正向推理：在原文中确定推理依据的位置或范围后，要善于抓住关键信息去分析判断；(2)整合全文/段信息进行推断：有时需要在弄懂全文或全段的基础上，整合与题目相关的有效信息去进行综合推断，才能确定最佳选项。无论哪种推断形式必须以文章所提供的事实内容为依据，切忌凭空想象。 [示例1] (节选) It is easy for us to know the difference between our friends and our enemies. But can other animals do the same? Elephants can! They can use their sense of vision and smell to tell the difference between people who pose a threat and those who do not. In Kenya, researchers find that elephants react differently to clothing worn by men of the Maasai and Kamba ethnic groups. Young Maasai men spear (刺) animals and thus pose a threat to elephants; Kamba men arc mainly farmers and are not a danger to elephants. ...... The researchers believe that the elephants’ emotional reactions are due to their different senses of the smells and the sights. Smelling a potential danger means that a threat is nearby and the best thing to do is run away and hide. Seeing a potential threat without its smell means that risk is low. Therefore, instead of showing fear and running away, the elephants express their anger and become aggressive. 8．What character does the author want to express about elephants A．Clever. B．Friendly. C．Dangerous. D．Naughty. [示例2] (节选) ...... Samantha Gotwalt and Blayde Reich, two senior Mechanical Engineering majors at York College in the group, both found the work to be quite fascinating. According to Samantha, the idea came from a York College professor, who has worked with drones, and wanted to get students involved with a project beneficial to the community. “We really want to help farming and agriculture. It’s super-important to America and our economy,” Blayde says. “We want to help the smaller farmers, and one of the benefits is not having to spend their money on fertilizer and pesticides (杀虫剂).” The idea is to design and build a drone that will take video imagery of the fields to determine what is needed to produce the best crop, while saving money and sparing the environment by reducing pollutants in the runoff water. Ideally, that data gained will help the farmers better determine what chemicals they need — and what they don’t. ...... What can best describe the students? A．Responsible and creative. B．Experienced and generous. C．Brilliant and grateful. D．Reliable and realistic. 二）：推断写作意图 (1)记叙文：通常会在首段或尾段出现高度概括性语言，且往往有一定的哲理性，所有叙述都围绕该哲 理展开； (2)应用文：文章常对某事物或服务进行详细介绍，使用具有明显倾向性的语言； (3)说明文：其写作意图依赖于对文章主题句的把握，应找准主题句； (4)议论文：一般开头提出某论点，中间进行论证，最后得出结论，写作意图常隐含于最后一部分中。 [示例1] (节选) I wrote my first short story at the age of ten. Back then, magazines would have a back page full of ads for everything, one of which called for contributions. So, I took a pen and my notebook and wrote a story. I have no memory of what the story was about. I seem to remember it was six or seven pages long in my schoolboy handwriting. When I put it into a standard envelope, it broke the envelope. My mom strengthened it and put an extra stamp on it “just to be safe”. I put it in the mailbox and waited. And waited! Finally, it came. The response, “We are confident that we can find a suitable publisher (出版商) for your highly attractive story. Please send us $50 by return post and we can get started today.” My excitement disappeared. That moment marked the end of my creative writing. I put my pen and notebook away and didn’t write another ...... I took her advice and never looked back. In my eyes, I’m a successful writer. I’ve had many stories and articles appear in publications I admire, and I’ve earned a few awards over the years. I don’t believe in anything that stops a writer writing — I think it’s an excuse. 7．Why does the author write the text? A．To introduce different ways of writing stories. B．To describe his long and winding journey of writing. C．To teach readers how to deal with failure in writing. D．To show the difficulty of becoming a successful writer. [示例2] (节选) Don’t bring meat, meat products, milk and dairy products from non-EU countries to Finland! ...... A ban on personal imports applies to meat and dairy products brought into Finland by travelers or ordered and sent through the post. The ban applies to food stuffs intended for personal consumption or as gifts and to pet food. If you have food products of animal origin with you, throw them in a waste container in the point of entry or contact Customs! Whom is this notice intended for? A. Food importers in Finland. B. Travelers to Finland. C. Citizens in EU countries. D. Medical staff from non-EU countries. 三）：推断观点态度 (1)注意作者或文中人物的措辞：①分析字里行间所隐含的意思，切忌用自己观点代替作者或文中人物的观点；②留意相关氛围的语言及表达情感态度或观点的词句，这些常流露于修饰语之中；③结合英语国 家的文化传统或风俗习惯等背景知识进行合理推断。 [示例1] (节选) However, while some seem to be lost in the desire to succeed, others take an opposite attitude. In a culture which values only the winner and pays no attention to the ordinary players, they strongly blame competition. Among the most vocal are youngsters who have suffered under competitive pressures from their parents or society. Teaching these young people, I often observe in them a desire to fail. They seem to seek failure by not trying to win or achieve success. By not trying, they always have an excuse: “I may have lost, but it doesn’t matter because I really didn’t try.” What is not usually admitted by themselves is the belief that if they had really tried and lost, that would mean a lot. Such a loss would be a measure of their worth. Clearly, this belief is the same as that of the true competitors who try to prove themselves. Both are based on the mistaken belief that one’s self-respect relies on how well one performs in comparison with others. Both are afraid of not being valued. Only as this basic and often troublesome fear begins to dissolve can we discover a new meaning in competition. 4．Which point of view may the author agree to? A．Fear of failure should be removed in competition. B．Competition should be encouraged. C．Winning should be a life-and-death matter. D．Every effort should be paid back. [示例2] (节选) ...... Our own experience working together on health，development，and energy the last twenty years has been one of the most rewarding parts of our lives.It has changed who we are and continues to fuel our optimism about how much the lives of the poorest people will improve in the years ahead. What can be inferred from the last paragraph? A．The author believes the lives of the poorest will get better. B．Much more progress will be made in the near future. C．The work on health is the most valuable experience. D．People’s efforts have been materially rewarded. 　 四）：推断文章出处和目标读者 (1)广告：语言简洁鲜明，有亮点； (2)报刊：时事性强，分不同板块，高考中常以政治、生活的话题为主； (3)杂志：覆盖生活各个层面，更贴近幕后，更贴近生活； (4)产品说明书：对某产品的功能特色及操作方式等做出介绍； (5)药品说明：说明药品的服用时间、次数、药量、禁忌等； (6)网络：文体不限，找到click here，download，up­load，link，mouse, surf等网络标志语。 [示例1] (节选) It is a popular viewpoint that time spent online is bad for our health because surfing the Internet or checking our phones sometimes takes us away from activities which are considered healthier, such as playing sports or socializing. As the digital economy develops, such behavior is often linked to reduced well-being. However, a new global study has found a surprising answer: The Internet might be good for you. The University of Oxford researchers studied data on the psychological (心理的) well-being of over 2 million people across 168 countries between 2006 and 2021. They looked at 8 indicators (标志) of well-being among the individuals, who were aged 15 to 99, including life satisfaction, daily negative and positive experiences and physical health. The researchers applied well-being indicators to test the relationship between Internet use and well-being outcomes. They found that Internet access was related to positive well-being among some people. ......... 18．In which part of a newspaper can you read the passage? A．Sport and Health. B．Economy and Life. C．Food and Culture. D．Technology and Society. [示例2] (节选) ........... Pak50·57 minutes ago Why not give it a try? Perhaps you should take lessons on a musical instrument.The late musician Dennis Brain is said to have asked a fellow train passenger to turn off his radio.When his request was refused，he took out his French horn(号) and started to practise. Taodas·29 minutes ago I did read my newspaper out loud on a train，and it turned out well.The guy took it in good part，and we chatted happily all the way to Edinburgh. Sophie76·13 minutes ago I have not tried reading my newspaper out loud on a train，but，several years ago，I read some chapters from Harry Potter to my bored and noisy children.Several passengers seemed to appreciate what I did. Where is the passage most probably taken from? A．A webpage. B．A newspaper. C．A novel. D．A report. 　 考点四： 阅读理解主旨大意题 一）、段落大意题 每个段落通常都有一个中心，段落主题句通常会出现在段落的首句或尾句，有时也会在中间。在阅读中应尽量利用有关信息确定主题句的位置。 [示例1] The first thing we notice about new people are their faces.The next time we see these people, we remember them because we remember their faces. This seems like a simple process. However, scientists found that it is not such a simple process. The section of the brain that is responsible for face recognition seems to work differently for different people. Some people have great difficulty remembering and recognizing faces, while others almost never forget a face. ...... The first paragraph is mainly about ___________________________. A. the way to improve one’s face-recognition skills 　　 B. the fact that some people have face-recognition problems C. the simple process of the brain to recognize others’ faces D. the importance of face recognition in human communication 二）、文章大意题每一篇文章都有其大意，获取大意的方法是找主题句。主题句通常在文章的首段或尾段，但是有时候也出现在文章中间段落。阅读的过程中应该对每段的主题句给予特别的关注。 [示例1] (节选) To decide how to get around in Beijing requires weighing cost and convenience. A traditional bus measures up well in both criteria. Since last year I’ve given up driving and taken the bus to work every day, which has aroused quite a bit of curiosity among colleagues because bus riding is still a rarity in my office. My easy explanation about the change is that after navigating the streets in one of the most congested capitals in the world for more than a decade, I’m tired of driving, and taking the bus allows me to think before my work starts. I also like to be given a ride home after a long, rough day. ...... A bus trip costs 0.4 yuan or 6 — 7 cents with the use of a stored value card, which is almost free if you consider a Coke costs five times that or more. Beijing has a fixed subway fare with unlimited transfers of 2 yuan per single-trip ticket. I would take the more comfortable subway, if it was closer to my home and workplace. 4．What is the main idea of the passage? A．To persuade the citizens in Beijing to choose public transports. B．To describe how terrible the traffic and air in Beijing are. C．To present and defend his choice in commuting. D．To compare different methods of transportations. [示例2] (节选) Too often, we measure our worth not by the results we achieve, but by how much of our time we spend. We live crazy lives, at least in part, because it makes us feel good about ourselves. What does the passage mainly concerned with? A. The measurement of wealth in the current society. B. The evolution of people’s attitude towards busyness. C. The hidden reasons and effects of people’s busyness. D. The solution to prioritizing the crucial tasks in busyness. 三）、标题归纳题 标题归纳类题目应该注意其醒目性、概括性和针对性。解题时抓住文章的首段和每一段的首尾句以及一些贯穿整篇文章始终的关键词。干扰项特点：以偏概全；.断章取义；主题扩大；张冠李戴；无中生有。 [示例1] (节选) Russell Cassevah, who has a strong love for Lego, has found the perfect way of spreading joy, one little block at a time. Cassevah started a nationwide mission (使命) to bring joy to children in hospitals. His non-profit organization, Little Bricks Charity, brings sets of LEGO, and smiles, to children’s hospitals. Through his non-profit organization, Cassevah has found his purpose in life. ...... Cassevah has provided smiles and joy for many children facing challenging situations. With each LEGO set he delivers, he aims to spark (激发) creativity and imagination that can hopefully still be part of the young patients’ lives and minds. 14．What can be a suitable title for the text? A．Making a difference block by block B．Meeting children in hospitals C．Letting children love LEGOs D．Passing love one by one [示例2] (节选) But Disney’s story actually started two decades earlier with what Walt Disney called "Daddy’s Day". On Saturdays in the 1930s and 1940s, Disney would take his two daughters to ride the Griffith Park merry-go-round, which they’d enjoy while he sat on a bench dreaming of ways for families to have fun together. Disney disliked the amusement parks they often visited, seeing them as dirty, unimaginative places run by rude employees. Disneyland opened then. The 5,000 expected guests increased to 28,154, thanks to fake tickets. After the madness of opening day, Disney and his new park were criticized in the press. The media predicted a quick and early end. But the public didn’t listen. Visitors arrived in large groups, and within weeks Disneyland was a success. Over sixty years later, Disneyland’s popularity continues to grow, with total overall attendance topping 700 million and showing no signs of slowing down. Which is the best title for the passage? A. Disneyland: How It All Began B. Disneyland: An Overnight Success C. Disneyland: How It Developed D. Disneyland: A Park with a Long History 一·说明文 (A) MASTER OF DISGUISE Octopuses are famous for their round bodies, big eyes, and eight arms. There are many different types of octopuses, but all are alike in one way: They are masters’ of disguise. Octopuses can change their appearance in less than a second to look like rocks, plants, or even other animals. How do they do this? An octopus can disguise itself in three ways. One is by using color. An octopus’s skin has special cells called chromatophores. These cells are filled with yellow, brown, and red pigment. When an octopus moves its muscles a certain way, the cells become large and produce colorful spots and other patterns on its skin. Chromatophores (色素体) can also reflect light. In blue light, for example, an octopus’s skin will look blue. In white light, its skin will look white. With these cells, an octopus can produce many different skin colors and patterns. An octopus can also change its skin texture. When the octopus moves its muscles, its skin can go from smooth to spiky. It might then look like a plant, or coral. Another way an octopus disguises itself is by changing its shape. Some, for example, roll their bodies into balls so they look like rocks. One type of octopus can change its form to look like other sea creatures — especially dangerous ones, such as sea snakes. Why are octopuses so good at disguising themselves? They have to be. The ocean is not a safe place for them. Because they have no bones in their bodies, octopuses are like large pieces of meat. Many predators want to eat them — and they can eat them whole. To survive, octopuses have developed the amazing ability to change their appearance very quickly in order to hide from predators. 1．What would be the best alternative title for this passage? A．The Mind of an Octopus B．How an Octopus Hides C．Octopuses in the Ocean Ecosystem D．The Secret Lives of Octopuses 2．Which of these sentences is NOT true? A．Chromatophores are light-reflecting cells. B．Chromatophores can change in size. C．Chromatophores produce an animal’s skin texture. D．Chromatophores contain different pigments. 3．In paragraph 3, the author suggests that some corals ________. A．can change their color B．can roll themselves into balls C．have spiky outer surfaces D．can disguise themselves as octopuses 4．Octopuses have excellent DISGUISE abilities. From this, we can infer that ________. A．Octopuses are at the top of the ocean food chain. B．Octopuses use their camouflage (伪装) mainly for hunting other animals. C．Camouflage is a crucial survival strategy for octopuses in a dangerous ocean environment. D．Octopuses can change their color and texture only when they are in immediate danger. (B) I come from Cambridge, a beautiful city in the east of England. It is on the River Cam and has a population of about 120,000. My hometown is especially famous for its university. Many famous people studied here, such as Isaac Newton and Charles Darwin. There are lots of old buildings and churches to visit. Students and tourists enjoy trips along the river by boat. Cambridge is about 99 kilometres from London. London is in the south of England and it is on the River Thames. It has a population of more than eight million, so it is bigger and busier than Cambridge. It is about 2,000 years old, and it is famous for the Elizabeth Tower, Buckingham Palace and Tower Bridge. England itself is part of an island, and you are always near the sea. The small villages and beaches on the coast are popular for holidays. Tourists like the areas of low mountains and beautiful lakes in the north, and the hills and pretty villages in the south. Everywhere in England, you will notice how green the countryside is. It is never very hot in summer or very cold in winter. So come and see England any time of the year, but bring an umbrella with you. It rains a lot all year round. You will need it most days. 5．How many examples of famous people are mentioned in the passage? A．One. B．Two. C．Three. D．Four. 6．What can we know about Cambridge and London? A．Cambridge is much busier than London. B．London is 2,000 kilometres from Cambridge. C．Cambridge has more famous buildings than London. D．London has a much larger population than Cambridge. 7．What do tourists like about the south of England? A．The churches. B．The low mountains. C．The pretty villages. D．The beautiful lakes. 8．What’s the climate like in England? A．Very hot in summer. B．Very cold in winter. C．Not very cold in winter. D．Not rainy all year round. 二、议论文 (A) Mindful eating doesn’t come naturally to me. I’d developed the habit of doing several things at once, like eating and reading. It felt like dead time not to use the chance to kill two birds with one stone. I’ve been ashamed of eating a really healthy diet while hardly noticing it. It took an 11-year-old to truly show me what eating mindfully looks like. Many years ago, when my daughter came home after her first day at secondary school, I fired a lot of questions at her: “Did you make new friends?”, “Were the teachers nice?” completely focusing on a cheese sandwich, she looked at me pointedly, “Mummy, I’ll tell you all about it in a bit. I just want to enjoy eating this sandwich quietly.” So I kept my mouth shut and watched her close her eyes, smile and “Mmm” as she chewed. There was a strong antithesis between how we ate. We’re so used to reducing time that we’ve downgraded eating to something to be squeezed in (挤出时间) while we’re doing something else. Our pick-and-go culture encourages eating in a rush — the quicker, the better. All too often, we end up wolfing down a few biscuits between calls as something to keep us going. But there’s a huge downside to our disconnected eating. When you don’t fully experience your food, you don’t pay attention to whether you’re hungry or not, or full or not. Our social media feeds are flooded with healthy diets and there’s no end of focus on the quality of our food. But there’s little focus on how we eat it and actually that makes all the difference. So let’s turn our attention to eating slowly, mindfully and with enjoyment. Here’s a challenge for you: Can you practice eating at least one meal a day without any distractions? No smartphone, no TV, no radio, no newspapers, no magazines? You might well feel uneasy about it at first, but keep trying 9．What’s the author’s primary view on doing other things while eating? A．It stressed people out. B．It ruined food joy. C．It helped improve focus. D．It was time-saving. 10．What does the underlined word “antithesis” in paragraph 2 mean? A．Similarity. B．Balance. C．Contrast. D．Connection. 11．What may disconnected eating lead to? A．A practice of overeating. B．A habit of eating fast food. C．Awareness of food quality. D．Addiction to a busy lifestyle. 12．What can we infer about eating from the last paragraph? A．Eating styles require more attention. B．Technology simplifies mindful eating. C．Modern ways of eating face challenges. D．Mindful eating outweighs food quality. (B) Today, with the help of AI tools, anyone can instantly generate impressive architectural images. Yet this raises a serious question for architects: if technology lowers the technical barrier, what remains the true value of design? The answer, many experts believe, lies in deeper philosophical thinking. Architecture is not only about structure. It also reflects how humans understand life. This understanding begins with the individual — how a building can shape people’s emotions. It then extends to the community — whether a neighborhood design brings people together or drives them apart. Eventually, it touches upon time itself — how to balance the preservation of historical identity with the need for change. In many cities, preserving every old structure, no matter its function or significance, has become an unquestioned principle — widely admired, but rarely discussed. Yet true architectural philosophy requires us to ask whether preserving everything always serves the community’s best interest. AI can copy thousands of design styles, but it cannot make value judgments. It does not know why, for instance, a library in Colombia places its reading rooms — not offices — in the brightest and highest spaces: a design choice symbolizing equality. As scholar Nayef points out, “good design should possess valuable qualities, including fairness, inclusion, and safety, which cannot be handed over to AI.” In the future, the best architects may not be those who master AI tools, but those who master philosophical thinking. Saudi Arabia’s planned city “The Line” is one such example. Its design is not only technological but also philosophical — it asks whether humans can create a city that allows people to live in harmony with nature. By turning a traditional city into a single vertical (垂直的) line, it challenges our deepest assumptions about urban life. Freed from repeated drafting work, architects in the age of AI must think more deeply about humanity, community, and environmental harmony. The great designs of the future will arise where technology meets philosophy, not where one replaces the other. 13．What is the main function of paragraph 2 in the passage? A．To introduce examples of modern cities. B．To compare architecture with philosophy. C．To describe how AI will change construction. D．To present architecture from a philosophical view. 14．What can we learn from the example of the library in Colombia? A．Great design is human-centered. B．AI will reshape public buildings. C．The best design feels almost invisible. D．Equality is the core of modern design. 15．Which of the following best describes the nature of “The Line”? A．A philosophy-guided theory. B．An eco-friendly city project. C．A low-income housing plan. D．An profit-driven design. 16．According to the passage, what should architects do in the age of AI? A．Shift from drawing to building. B．Bring soul and meaning to designs. C．Employ AI as a powerful assistant. D．Prioritize philosophy over function. 一、基础练习题 (A) Four Interesting Festivals in 2026 The following events happening in 2026 will make you want to pack your bags and join the fun. Holi Festival Holi turns cities into a sea of rainbow colors. People throw handfuls of colored powder at friends, family, and total strangers, while music, dancing, and laughter fill the streets. The festival celebrates the arrival of spring and the success. It happens on March 3, 2026. Wear white clothes if you don’t mind getting dirty, and prepare to be covered head-to-toe in every color imaginable. Wife-Carrying World Championship Competitors race through a difficult course while carrying their wife. The course includes water hazards (障碍), and sand traps that test strength, speed, and teamwork. Winners receive their wife’s weight in beer. It happens on July 3 and 4, 2026. Despite the traditional name, any couple can compete, and the event attracts teams from around the world eager to prove their carrying skills and sense of humor. Monkey Buffet Festival Tables piled high with fruit, vegetables, and snacks are laid out for Lopburi’s famous monkeys in a yearly feast that is both generous and makes for great photos. Hundreds of monkeys rush to the spread, creating a wild feeding competition that delights photographers and tourists. Typically held in late November, the 2026 event doesn’t have fixed dates yet. Night of the Radishes (萝卜) Artists in Oaxaca spend hours carving oversized radishes into well-designed historical figures, and imaginary creatures, knowing their creations will dry out within a day. The time pressure makes the festival feel magical and short-lived, which is a special experience. It happens on December 23, 2026. It’s held yearly on the same date. Arrive early for the best views, because the detailed carvings are amazing but only last for a short time. 1．Which event requires both physical effort and teamwork? A．Holi Festival. B．Night of the Radishes. C．Monkey Buffet Festival. D．Wife-Carrying World Championship. 2．What can be inferred about the Monkey Buffet Festival? A．It follows a fixed schedule. B．Monkeys eat politely together. C．Its 2026 date remains uncertain. D．Tourists feed monkeys personally. 3．What makes the Night of the Radishes special? A．Artists use special tools. B．The art disappears quickly. C．It happens before Christmas. D．Carvings are sold for money. (B) In August 2005, I left my quiet coastal hometown in Maine for Chicago, a big city famous for its skyscrapers and lively cultural scene. My hometown had only one small bookstore and no art galleries, so the endless concerts, museums and restaurants in Chicago seemed like a dream come true. As a college freshman, I was excited to embrace the city’s energy — yet I often found myself longing for the sound of waves crashing and the smell of salt in the air. Years went by, and I built a fulfilling life in Chicago: I graduated, got a job I loved, and made lifelong friends. Still, a soft nostalgia (乡愁) for Maine lingered, and I soon realized that “home” isn’t defined by the number of attractions a place has, but by the sense of comfort and belonging it brings. It’s the way the light falls on the ocean at sunset, the taste of my mom’s seafood chowder, and the familiarity of bumping into neighbors on the street. “Homesickness often arises when we’re missing the emotional comfort of a familiar environment, not just the place itself,” says Dr. Lisa Carter, a psychologist who specializes in human attachment. “We don’t just miss a location — we miss the routines, the relationships, and the sense of safety that location provided. For some, this comfort can be recreated in a new place; for others, it remains a unique part of their past.” Although the nostalgia for Maine has never truly faded, even after years of happy life in Chicago, there are simple ways to ease this kind of longing. Creating small, familiar rituals in your new life — like baking your hometown’s favorite cookies every Sunday or taking a walk in a nearby park at the same time each evening — can help build a new sense of stability. These little acts don’t erase the memories of home; instead, they weave those memories into the fabric of your present life. I’m fortunate to have a good foundation in Chicago, with a loving family, supportive friends and a comfortable home, but however much I love my life in Chicago, there’s a part of me that will forever belong to Maine. 4．Why did the author move to Chicago? A．To pursue her college education there. B．To take up a new job in the city center. C．To enjoy the various attractions it offered. D．To escape the boredom of her small hometown. 5．What does Dr. Lisa Carter think nostalgia mainly comes from? A．The loss of important relationships from the past. B．The difficulty in creating new routines in daily life. C．The disappointment with the new place’s environment. D．The lack of familiar emotional comfort in a new place. 6．What does Paragraph 4 mainly talk about? A．The methods of relieving nostalgic feelings. B．The significance of holding on to past memories. C．The permanence of the author’s nostalgia for Maine. D．The necessity of physical places for establishing a safe zone. 7．Which saying best summarizes the main idea of the text? A．Pleasure blinds one to home. B．Home keeps the wolf from the door. C．Home is where the heart is. D．When in Rome, do as the Romans do. 二、培优练习题 (C) Race walking shares many fitness benefits with running, research shows, while most likely contributing to fewer injuries. It does, however, have its own problem. Race walkers are conditioned athletes. The longest track and field event at the Summer Olympics is the 50-kilometer race walk, which is about five miles longer than the marathon. But the sport’s rules require that a race walker’s knees stay straight through most of the leg swing and one foot remain in contact (接触) with the ground at all times. However, it’s this strange form that makes race walking such an attractive activity, says Jaclyn Norberg, an assistant professor of exercise science at Salem State University in Salem, Mass. Like running, race walking is physically demanding, she says. According to most calculations, race walkers moving at a pace of six miles per hour would burn about 800 calories (卡路里) per hour, which is approximately twice as many as they would burn when walking, although fewer than running, which would probably burn about 1,000 or more calories per hour. However, race walking does not pound the body as much as running does, Dr.Norberg says. In her research, runners hit the ground with as much as four times their body weight per step, while race walkers, who do not leave the ground, create only about 1.4 times their body weight with each step. As a result, she says, some of the injuries associated with running, such as runner’s knee, are uncommon among race walkers. But the sport’s strange form does place considerable stress on the ankles and hips, so people with a history of such injuries might want to be cautious in adopting the sport. In fact, anyone wishing to try race walking should probably first consult a coach or experienced racer to learn proper technique, she says. It takes some practice. 8．Why are race walkers conditioned athletes? A．They must run long distances. B．They are qualified for the marathon. C．They have to follow special rules. D．They are good at swinging their legs. 9．What advantage does race walking have over running? A．It’s more popular at the Olympics. B．It’s less challenging physically. C．It’s more effective in body building. D．It’s less likely to cause knee injuries. 10．What is Dr. Norberg’s suggestion for someone trying race walking? A．Getting experts’ opinions. B．Having a medical checkup. C．Hiring an experienced coach. D．Doing regular exercises. 11．What’s the best title of the passage? A．Running VS. Race Walking: Which Burns More Calories? B．Race Walking: Fitness Benefits and Form Challenges C．Avoiding Injuries: Why Race Walking Might be safer Than Running? D．The Unusual Feature of Race Walking 1 / 12 zxxk.com 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 衔接点28 阅读理解四类题型追踪之推理+主旨大意题 初中视角 高中展望 篇幅长度：单篇约 200-300 词，结构清晰。 题材范围：以日常生活、故事、应用文（通知、邮件）为主，语言直白，少专业术语。 语言难度：词汇以课标 1600 词为主，长难句少，多简单句或并列句。 题型侧重：以细节理解题为主（占比 60%-70%），如：直接问答、事实判断、数字查找。 篇幅长度：单篇约 300-400 词，部分高考真题可达 450 词以上，段落逻辑复杂（对比、转折频繁）。 题材范围：拓展至科技说明文、议论文、文化批判、文学节选等，含较多专业词汇（如科技类术语、社会科学概念）。 语言难度：词汇量提升至 3000+（课标词汇 + 超纲词），长难句密集（复合句、非谓语结构、插入语）。 衔接引导 初中阶段考查形式：要求学生能够通过阅读理解短文大意，获取主要信息，并能做出正确判断，以应用文或说明文为主，细节题居多。 高中阶段考查形式：阅读材料在句长方面有所提升，句子变长变难，整体阅读难度加大。题含细节题、推理题、词义猜测、主旨大意等。 【初中阅读理解考点聚焦】 一、四大核心考点 1. 细节理解（占比最高）：定位 5W1H、数字、正误信息，考原文信息查找，陷阱多为张冠李戴、篡改数据。 2. 推理判断（难点拉分）：推断人物情绪、作者态度、文章出处、隐含文意，答案不能直接照搬原文。 3. 主旨大意：概括段意 / 全文主旨、选标题、判断写作目的，避坑以偏概全、范围过大。 4. 词义猜测：依托转折、并列、举例、因果上下文猜生词、熟词僻义与代词指代。 二、常考文体侧重 记叙文：情节、情感、主旨；应用文：信息检索；说明文：特征数据；议论文：观点态度。 三、常规设题类型 细节题、推理题、主旨标题题、词义指代题。 三．推理判断题 · 要求根据上下文逻辑推断隐含信息（如作者意图、事件发展趋势），占比约 20%，常见题干：What can we infer...? [示例] (节选) ...... Among different art styles of dough figurines all over the country, Dough Figurine Lang, created by Lang Shao’an, is an art unique (独特的) to Beijing. The subject of Dough Figurine Lang is mainly about describing the real traditional life of Beijingers. Mianren Lang has top skills in the art of making dough figurines. ________ You should be calm, careful and quick. If your hand moves carelessly, you will make mistakes. So keep calm. Then you should find the right place to stick the nose and other parts on. You must be quick, or else, the dough gets dry and useless. 37．Which of the following sentences can be put in the ________. A．It needs many steps to finish a wonderful dough figurine. B．To make a dough figurine, you should master the basic skills. C．An artist of dough figurines should be creative in every step. D．You should make a lot of preparations before making a dough figurine. 【答案】 37．B 【导语】本文介绍了面人艺术的历史和特点，以及北京的一种独特的面人艺术形式——面人郎。 37．推理判断题。根据文章第三段“You should be calm, careful and quick. If your hand moves carelessly, you will make … You must be quick, or else, the dough gets dry and useless.”可知，这一段主要讲述了制作面人需要掌握的技巧。故选B。 四．主旨大意题 · 需总结文章中心思想或段落大意，常出现在首末段，题干关键词：main idea, purpose, best title。 [示例] (节选) How are driverless cars safer? Firstly, driverless cars can help manage traffic. By using communication technologies to “talk” to each other, driverless cars find the best roads. Information such as distance（距离）between cars, traffic and time is sent to the cars. This means fewer chances of these cars running into each other. Secondly, the use of driverless cars means fewer accidents will happen because of human mistakes. For example, accidents caused by little sleep or drunk driving will be avoided. Finally, the driverless technology of the future, is expected to be more reliable（可靠）than a human driver. 40．What is Paragraph 4 mainly about? A．The cause of road deaths. B．The management of traffic. C．The safety of driverless cars. D．The development of driverless technology. 【答案】40．C 【导语】本文主要介绍了无人驾驶汽车技术。 40．段落大意题。根据“How are driverless cars safer?”可知，第4段主要是关于“无人驾驶汽车的安全”。故选C。 【高中考点聚焦】 课标解读 考点聚焦： “信息加工能力”，即能否对文中信息进行分析、推理、概括，形成深层理解。 题型侧重：深层理解题占比提升：推理题（infer, imply）、主旨题（main idea）、词义猜测题、作者态度题合计占比 50% 以上。细节题考查更隐蔽：答案需整合多个句子信息，或通过同义替换呈现（如题干用 “accelerate”，原文用 “speed up”）。 能力要求：分析篇章结构（如总分总、对比论证），理解段落间逻辑关系（因果、让步、例证）。推断作者隐含意图，概括抽象主旨（如从具体案例提炼社会现象本质）。 · 高中主流常规阅读题型（全国卷高考标准题型） 阅读理解四选一（A/B/C/D 四篇，常规阅读） 标准设问分类： 1. 细节题：What can we learn about...? According to the passage... 2. 推理题：It can be inferred from the text that...; What does the writer imply... 3. 主旨题：What is the text mainly about? Best title; What’s the purpose of the passage? 4. 词义句意题：The underlined word/sentence means... 5. 态度题：What is the author’s attitude towards...? · 初高中阅读核心差异总结 1. 难度层级 初中：表层信息为主，推理浅显，句子简短直白； 高中：长难句密集，长难篇章，侧重深层逻辑与思辨，同义替换是常态。 2. 考查重心 初中：信息查找能力； 高中：逻辑思维、批判性解读、文化理解、语篇整体分析。 3. 设题陷阱 初中陷阱直白；高中选项强干扰，易混项需要比对原文证据，依靠逻辑排除。 考点清单 考点三： 阅读理解推理判断题 一）：推断隐含意义 (1)抓住特定信息进行逆向或正向推理：在原文中确定推理依据的位置或范围后，要善于抓住关键信息去分析判断；(2)整合全文/段信息进行推断：有时需要在弄懂全文或全段的基础上，整合与题目相关的有效信息去进行综合推断，才能确定最佳选项。无论哪种推断形式必须以文章所提供的事实内容为依据，切忌凭空想象。 [示例1] (节选) It is easy for us to know the difference between our friends and our enemies. But can other animals do the same? Elephants can! They can use their sense of vision and smell to tell the difference between people who pose a threat and those who do not. In Kenya, researchers find that elephants react differently to clothing worn by men of the Maasai and Kamba ethnic groups. Young Maasai men spear (刺) animals and thus pose a threat to elephants; Kamba men arc mainly farmers and are not a danger to elephants. ...... The researchers believe that the elephants’ emotional reactions are due to their different senses of the smells and the sights. Smelling a potential danger means that a threat is nearby and the best thing to do is run away and hide. Seeing a potential threat without its smell means that risk is low. Therefore, instead of showing fear and running away, the elephants express their anger and become aggressive. 8．What character does the author want to express about elephants A．Clever. B．Friendly. C．Dangerous. D．Naughty. 【答案】8．A 8．推理判断题。根据第一段“It is easy for us to know the difference between our friends and our enemies. But can other animals do the same? Elephants can!(我们很容易知道朋友和敌人之间的区别。但其他动物也能做到吗？大象可以！)”可知，大象也可以分辨出朋友和敌人，所以它们非常聪明。故选A。 [示例2] (节选) ...... Samantha Gotwalt and Blayde Reich, two senior Mechanical Engineering majors at York College in the group, both found the work to be quite fascinating. According to Samantha, the idea came from a York College professor, who has worked with drones, and wanted to get students involved with a project beneficial to the community. “We really want to help farming and agriculture. It’s super-important to America and our economy,” Blayde says. “We want to help the smaller farmers, and one of the benefits is not having to spend their money on fertilizer and pesticides (杀虫剂).” The idea is to design and build a drone that will take video imagery of the fields to determine what is needed to produce the best crop, while saving money and sparing the environment by reducing pollutants in the runoff water. Ideally, that data gained will help the farmers better determine what chemicals they need — and what they don’t. ...... What can best describe the students? A．Responsible and creative. B．Experienced and generous. C．Brilliant and grateful. D．Reliable and realistic. 【答案】A 【解析】推理判断题。根据第二段中的““We really want to help farming and agriculture. It’s super-important to America and our economy,” Blayde says. “We want to help the smaller farmers, and one of the benefits is not having to spend their money on fertilizer and pesticides (杀虫剂).” (“我们真的想帮助务农和农业。这对美国和我们的经济来说非常重要”，布莱德说。“我们想帮助小农户，其中一个好处是不必把钱花在化肥和杀虫剂上。”)”可推知，他们是有责任心的，结合第三段中“The idea is to design and build a drone that will take video imagery of the fields to determine what is needed to produce the best crop, while saving money and sparing the environment by reducing pollutants in the runoff water. (这个想法是设计和建造一架无人机，该无人机将拍摄田地的视频图像，以确定生产最佳作物所需的条件，同时通过减少径流水中的污染物来节省资金并保护环境。)”可推知，他们是有创造力的。故选A项。 二）：推断写作意图 (1)记叙文：通常会在首段或尾段出现高度概括性语言，且往往有一定的哲理性，所有叙述都围绕该哲 理展开； (2)应用文：文章常对某事物或服务进行详细介绍，使用具有明显倾向性的语言； (3)说明文：其写作意图依赖于对文章主题句的把握，应找准主题句； (4)议论文：一般开头提出某论点，中间进行论证，最后得出结论，写作意图常隐含于最后一部分中。 [示例1] (节选) I wrote my first short story at the age of ten. Back then, magazines would have a back page full of ads for everything, one of which called for contributions. So, I took a pen and my notebook and wrote a story. I have no memory of what the story was about. I seem to remember it was six or seven pages long in my schoolboy handwriting. When I put it into a standard envelope, it broke the envelope. My mom strengthened it and put an extra stamp on it “just to be safe”. I put it in the mailbox and waited. And waited! Finally, it came. The response, “We are confident that we can find a suitable publisher (出版商) for your highly attractive story. Please send us $50 by return post and we can get started today.” My excitement disappeared. That moment marked the end of my creative writing. I put my pen and notebook away and didn’t write another ...... I took her advice and never looked back. In my eyes, I’m a successful writer. I’ve had many stories and articles appear in publications I admire, and I’ve earned a few awards over the years. I don’t believe in anything that stops a writer writing — I think it’s an excuse. 7．Why does the author write the text? A．To introduce different ways of writing stories. B．To describe his long and winding journey of writing. C．To teach readers how to deal with failure in writing. D．To show the difficulty of becoming a successful writer. 【答案】 7．B 7．推理判断题。通读全文，尤其是第一段中“I wrote my first short story at the age of ten. (我十岁时写了我的第一篇短篇小说。)”、第二段中“That moment marked the end of my creative writing. I put my pen and notebook away and didn’t write another word that wasn’t part of schoolwork for 15 years. (那一刻标志着我创造性写作的结束。我把笔和笔记本收起来，在接下来的15年里，除了学校作业，我一个字也没写。)”、第四段中“I was 46 years old when my wife and I were having a conversation one day about regrets. I told her I always thought that I wanted to be a writer. (我46岁的时候，有一天我和妻子在谈论遗憾。我告诉她，我一直以为我想成为一名作家。)”以及第五段中“I took her advice and never looked back. In my eyes, I’m a successful writer. (我采纳了她的建议，再也没有回头。在我看来，我是一个成功的作家。)”可知，文章主要讲述了作者从十岁开始写作，经历了一段漫长的中断后，在妻子的鼓励下重新开始写作，并最终成为一名成功作家的经历，由此可推知，作者写这篇文章是为了描述他漫长而曲折的写作之旅。故选B项。 [示例2] (节选) Don’t bring meat, meat products, milk and dairy products from non-EU countries to Finland! ...... A ban on personal imports applies to meat and dairy products brought into Finland by travelers or ordered and sent through the post. The ban applies to food stuffs intended for personal consumption or as gifts and to pet food. If you have food products of animal origin with you, throw them in a waste container in the point of entry or contact Customs! Whom is this notice intended for? A. Food importers in Finland. B. Travelers to Finland. C. Citizens in EU countries. D. Medical staff from non-EU countries. 【答案B [解析] 写作意图类推断题。该应用文是芬兰食品管理局发出的一封共同抵御动物疾病，特别是非洲猪瘟的通知，并对人们进行了建议和指引。本题要求判断文章所面向的读者群体，这是一篇由政府官方管理机构发出的通知，综合全文，特别是第一段末尾部分“…even if they are packed for personal consumption or intended as gifts. Travelers like you play an important role in preventing the spread of animal diseases.”提到，即使你是私人肉制品消费或是把相关动物产品买来当礼物，也有传播动物疾病的风险，像你这样的（普通）旅行者在防控动物疾病传播中扮演了十分重要的角色，所以这篇文章是写给来芬兰旅游的人（travelers）看的，故选B。 三）：推断观点态度 (1)注意作者或文中人物的措辞：①分析字里行间所隐含的意思，切忌用自己观点代替作者或文中人物的观点；②留意相关氛围的语言及表达情感态度或观点的词句，这些常流露于修饰语之中；③结合英语国 家的文化传统或风俗习惯等背景知识进行合理推断。 [示例1] (节选) However, while some seem to be lost in the desire to succeed, others take an opposite attitude. In a culture which values only the winner and pays no attention to the ordinary players, they strongly blame competition. Among the most vocal are youngsters who have suffered under competitive pressures from their parents or society. Teaching these young people, I often observe in them a desire to fail. They seem to seek failure by not trying to win or achieve success. By not trying, they always have an excuse: “I may have lost, but it doesn’t matter because I really didn’t try.” What is not usually admitted by themselves is the belief that if they had really tried and lost, that would mean a lot. Such a loss would be a measure of their worth. Clearly, this belief is the same as that of the true competitors who try to prove themselves. Both are based on the mistaken belief that one’s self-respect relies on how well one performs in comparison with others. Both are afraid of not being valued. Only as this basic and often troublesome fear begins to dissolve can we discover a new meaning in competition. 4．Which point of view may the author agree to? A．Fear of failure should be removed in competition. B．Competition should be encouraged. C．Winning should be a life-and-death matter. D．Every effort should be paid back. 【答案】 4．A 4．推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Only as this basic and often troublesome fear begins to dissolve can we discover a new meaning in competition.(只有当这种基本且经常令人烦恼的恐惧开始消散时，我们才能在竞争中发现新的意义)”可知，作者认为在竞争中应该消除对失败的恐惧，才能发现竞争的新意义。由此推知，作者可能同意的观点是“竞争中应该消除对失败的恐惧”。故选A项。 [示例2] (节选) ...... Our own experience working together on health，development，and energy the last twenty years has been one of the most rewarding parts of our lives.It has changed who we are and continues to fuel our optimism about how much the lives of the poorest people will improve in the years ahead. What can be inferred from the last paragraph? A．The author believes the lives of the poorest will get better. B．Much more progress will be made in the near future. C．The work on health is the most valuable experience. D．People’s efforts have been materially rewarded. 答案　A [解析]　推理判断题。根据本段最后提到的“It has changed who we are and continues to fuel our optimism about how much the lives of the poorest people will improve in the years ahead.”知穷人的生活将会变更好。 四）：推断文章出处和目标读者 (1)广告：语言简洁鲜明，有亮点； (2)报刊：时事性强，分不同板块，高考中常以政治、生活的话题为主； (3)杂志：覆盖生活各个层面，更贴近幕后，更贴近生活； (4)产品说明书：对某产品的功能特色及操作方式等做出介绍； (5)药品说明：说明药品的服用时间、次数、药量、禁忌等； (6)网络：文体不限，找到click here，download，up­load，link，mouse, surf等网络标志语。 [示例1] (节选) It is a popular viewpoint that time spent online is bad for our health because surfing the Internet or checking our phones sometimes takes us away from activities which are considered healthier, such as playing sports or socializing. As the digital economy develops, such behavior is often linked to reduced well-being. However, a new global study has found a surprising answer: The Internet might be good for you. The University of Oxford researchers studied data on the psychological (心理的) well-being of over 2 million people across 168 countries between 2006 and 2021. They looked at 8 indicators (标志) of well-being among the individuals, who were aged 15 to 99, including life satisfaction, daily negative and positive experiences and physical health. The researchers applied well-being indicators to test the relationship between Internet use and well-being outcomes. They found that Internet access was related to positive well-being among some people. ......... 18．In which part of a newspaper can you read the passage? A．Sport and Health. B．Economy and Life. C．Food and Culture. D．Technology and Society. 【答案】 18．D 18．推理判断题。根据第一段“It is a popular viewpoint that time spent online is bad for our health because surfing the Internet or checking our phones sometimes takes us away from activities which are considered healthier, such as playing sports or socializing. As the digital economy develops, such behavior is often linked to reduced well-being.(人们普遍认为，上网时间对健康有害，因为浏览互联网或查看手机有时会让我们远离被认为更健康的活动，比如运动或社交。随着数字经济的发展，这种行为常被认为与幸福感下降相关)”和第二段“The researchers applied well-being indicators to test the relationship between Internet use and well-being outcomes. They found that Internet access was related to positive well-being among some people.(研究人员运用幸福感指标来检验互联网使用与幸福感结果之间的关系。他们发现，互联网接入与部分人群的积极幸福感相关)”可知，全文围绕互联网使用与心理健康的关系、社交媒体对年轻人影响展开，属于“科技与社会”范畴。故选D项。 [示例2] (节选) ........... Pak50·57 minutes ago Why not give it a try? Perhaps you should take lessons on a musical instrument.The late musician Dennis Brain is said to have asked a fellow train passenger to turn off his radio.When his request was refused，he took out his French horn(号) and started to practise. Taodas·29 minutes ago I did read my newspaper out loud on a train，and it turned out well.The guy took it in good part，and we chatted happily all the way to Edinburgh. Sophie76·13 minutes ago I have not tried reading my newspaper out loud on a train，but，several years ago，I read some chapters from Harry Potter to my bored and noisy children.Several passengers seemed to appreciate what I did. Where is the passage most probably taken from? A．A webpage. B．A newspaper. C．A novel. D．A report. 答案　A [解析]　文章出处题。根据文章的写作风格以及每个帖子的时间提示可知，应该最有可能来自于网页。 考点四： 阅读理解主旨大意题 一）、段落大意题 每个段落通常都有一个中心，段落主题句通常会出现在段落的首句或尾句，有时也会在中间。在阅读中应尽量利用有关信息确定主题句的位置。 [示例1] The first thing we notice about new people are their faces.The next time we see these people, we remember them because we remember their faces. This seems like a simple process. However, scientists found that it is not such a simple process. The section of the brain that is responsible for face recognition seems to work differently for different people. Some people have great difficulty remembering and recognizing faces, while others almost never forget a face. ...... The first paragraph is mainly about ___________________________. A. the way to improve one’s face-recognition skills 　　 B. the fact that some people have face-recognition problems C. the simple process of the brain to recognize others’ faces D. the importance of face recognition in human communication 【答案】.B 【解析】主旨大意题。根据第一段中“Some people have great difficulty remembering and recognizing faces, while others almost never forget a face.”（有些人很难记住和辨认面孔，而另一些人几乎永远不会忘记面孔。）可知，第一段主要想说明，事实上，有些人有面部识别问题。故选B项。 二）、文章大意题 每一篇文章都有其大意，获取大意的方法是找主题句。主题句通常在文章的首段或尾段，但是有时候也出现在文章中间段落。阅读的过程中应该对每段的主题句给予特别的关注。 [示例1] (节选) To decide how to get around in Beijing requires weighing cost and convenience. A traditional bus measures up well in both criteria. Since last year I’ve given up driving and taken the bus to work every day, which has aroused quite a bit of curiosity among colleagues because bus riding is still a rarity in my office. My easy explanation about the change is that after navigating the streets in one of the most congested capitals in the world for more than a decade, I’m tired of driving, and taking the bus allows me to think before my work starts. I also like to be given a ride home after a long, rough day. ...... A bus trip costs 0.4 yuan or 6 — 7 cents with the use of a stored value card, which is almost free if you consider a Coke costs five times that or more. Beijing has a fixed subway fare with unlimited transfers of 2 yuan per single-trip ticket. I would take the more comfortable subway, if it was closer to my home and workplace. 4．What is the main idea of the passage? A．To persuade the citizens in Beijing to choose public transports. B．To describe how terrible the traffic and air in Beijing are. C．To present and defend his choice in commuting. D．To compare different methods of transportations. 【答案】 4．C 【导语】本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。作者结合自身经历，通过对比开车和选择公共交通的优缺点，解释自己选择后者通勤的原因，并回应同事的质疑。 4．推理判断题。通读全文，尤其是第一段中“Since last year I’ve given up driving and taken the bus to work every day, which has aroused quite a bit of curiosity among colleagues because bus riding is still a rarity in my office. (从去年开始，我放弃了开车，每天都坐公交车上班，这引起了同事们的不小的好奇，因为在我的办公室坐公交车还是很少见的)”、第二段中“My easy explanation about the change (我对这种变化的简单解释)”、第五段中“Perhaps everybody would be more convinced (也许每个人都会更相信)”可知，全文围绕作者为何选公共交通展开，包括省钱、放松、健康益处等，其主要目的是解释并辩护其通勤选择。故选C项。 [示例2] (节选) Too often, we measure our worth not by the results we achieve, but by how much of our time we spend. We live crazy lives, at least in part, because it makes us feel good about ourselves. What does the passage mainly concerned with? A. The measurement of wealth in the current society. B. The evolution of people’s attitude towards busyness. C. The hidden reasons and effects of people’s busyness. D. The solution to prioritizing the crucial tasks in busyness. 【答案】 C 【解析】主旨大意题。根据最后一段Too often, we measure our worth not by the results we achieve, but by how much of our time we spend. We live crazy lives, at least in part, because it makes us feel good about ourselves.“很多时候，我们衡量自己的价值不是看我们取得了什么成果，而是看我们花了多少时间。我们过着疯狂的生活，至少在一定程度上是因为它让我们自我感觉良好。”可知，本文讲述的是人们忙碌背后的原因和影响。故选C。 三）、标题归纳题 标题归纳类题目应该注意其醒目性、概括性和针对性。解题时抓住文章的首段和每一段的首尾句以及一些贯穿整篇文章始终的关键词。干扰项特点：以偏概全；.断章取义；主题扩大；张冠李戴；无中生有。 [示例1] (节选) Russell Cassevah, who has a strong love for Lego, has found the perfect way of spreading joy, one little block at a time. Cassevah started a nationwide mission (使命) to bring joy to children in hospitals. His non-profit organization, Little Bricks Charity, brings sets of LEGO, and smiles, to children’s hospitals. Through his non-profit organization, Cassevah has found his purpose in life. ...... Cassevah has provided smiles and joy for many children facing challenging situations. With each LEGO set he delivers, he aims to spark (激发) creativity and imagination that can hopefully still be part of the young patients’ lives and minds. 14．What can be a suitable title for the text? A．Making a difference block by block B．Meeting children in hospitals C．Letting children love LEGOs D．Passing love one by one 【答案】 14．A 14．主旨大意题。通过阅读文章可知，文章第一段首句“Russell Cassevah, who has a strong love for Lego, has found the perfect way of spreading joy, one little block at a time.(Russell Cassevah对乐高有着强烈的热爱，他找到了一种完美的方式来传播快乐，一次一块乐高积木地传播快乐)”以及文章末尾段落中“With each LEGO set he delivers, he aims to spark creativity and imagination that can hopefully still be part of the young patients’ lives and minds.(在每次交付一套乐高积木时，他都希望能激发孩子们的创造力和想象力，希望能让这些创造力和想象力仍能融入到这些小患者们的生活中和思维中)”可知，全文围绕Cassevah通过一次一小块乐高积木向儿童病患传递快乐和改变展开，选项A“Making a difference block by block(通过一块块乐高积木创造改变)”贴合主题，可以作为最佳标题。故选A项。 [示例2] (节选) But Disney’s story actually started two decades earlier with what Walt Disney called "Daddy’s Day". On Saturdays in the 1930s and 1940s, Disney would take his two daughters to ride the Griffith Park merry-go-round, which they’d enjoy while he sat on a bench dreaming of ways for families to have fun together. Disney disliked the amusement parks they often visited, seeing them as dirty, unimaginative places run by rude employees. Disneyland opened then. The 5,000 expected guests increased to 28,154, thanks to fake tickets. After the madness of opening day, Disney and his new park were criticized in the press. The media predicted a quick and early end. But the public didn’t listen. Visitors arrived in large groups, and within weeks Disneyland was a success. Over sixty years later, Disneyland’s popularity continues to grow, with total overall attendance topping 700 million and showing no signs of slowing down. Which is the best title for the passage? A. Disneyland: How It All Began B. Disneyland: An Overnight Success C. Disneyland: How It Developed D. Disneyland: A Park with a Long History 【答案】 A 【解析】主旨大意题。根据文章第二段中句子“But Disney’s story actually started two decades earlier with what Walt Disney called "Daddy’s Day". ”（但实际上，迪士尼的故事始于20年前沃尔特·迪士尼所谓的“爸爸节”。）和倒数第二段第一句“Disneyland opened then.”迪士尼开业了可知，整篇文章都在写迪士尼是如何开始并建成的故事。所以短文的最佳标题为“迪士尼乐园:一切是如何开始的”。故选A项。 一·说明文 (A) MASTER OF DISGUISE Octopuses are famous for their round bodies, big eyes, and eight arms. There are many different types of octopuses, but all are alike in one way: They are masters’ of disguise. Octopuses can change their appearance in less than a second to look like rocks, plants, or even other animals. How do they do this? An octopus can disguise itself in three ways. One is by using color. An octopus’s skin has special cells called chromatophores. These cells are filled with yellow, brown, and red pigment. When an octopus moves its muscles a certain way, the cells become large and produce colorful spots and other patterns on its skin. Chromatophores (色素体) can also reflect light. In blue light, for example, an octopus’s skin will look blue. In white light, its skin will look white. With these cells, an octopus can produce many different skin colors and patterns. An octopus can also change its skin texture. When the octopus moves its muscles, its skin can go from smooth to spiky. It might then look like a plant, or coral. Another way an octopus disguises itself is by changing its shape. Some, for example, roll their bodies into balls so they look like rocks. One type of octopus can change its form to look like other sea creatures — especially dangerous ones, such as sea snakes. Why are octopuses so good at disguising themselves? They have to be. The ocean is not a safe place for them. Because they have no bones in their bodies, octopuses are like large pieces of meat. Many predators want to eat them — and they can eat them whole. To survive, octopuses have developed the amazing ability to change their appearance very quickly in order to hide from predators. 1．What would be the best alternative title for this passage? A．The Mind of an Octopus B．How an Octopus Hides C．Octopuses in the Ocean Ecosystem D．The Secret Lives of Octopuses 2．Which of these sentences is NOT true? A．Chromatophores are light-reflecting cells. B．Chromatophores can change in size. C．Chromatophores produce an animal’s skin texture. D．Chromatophores contain different pigments. 3．In paragraph 3, the author suggests that some corals ________. A．can change their color B．can roll themselves into balls C．have spiky outer surfaces D．can disguise themselves as octopuses 4．Octopuses have excellent DISGUISE abilities. From this, we can infer that ________. A．Octopuses are at the top of the ocean food chain. B．Octopuses use their camouflage (伪装) mainly for hunting other animals. C．Camouflage is a crucial survival strategy for octopuses in a dangerous ocean environment. D．Octopuses can change their color and texture only when they are in immediate danger. 【答案】1．B 2．C 3．C 4．C 【导语】主要介绍章鱼是伪装高手，详细讲解章鱼变色、改变皮肤质地、变换外形三种伪装方式及进化出伪装能力的生存原因。 【详解】1．主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是第一段中的“There are many different types of octopuses, but all are alike in one way: They are masters of disguise. Octopuses can change their appearance in less than a second to look like rocks, plants, or even other animals. How do they do this?(章鱼种类繁多，但它们有一个共同点：都是伪装大师。章鱼能在不到一秒钟的时间里改变外形，伪装成岩石、植物，甚至其他动物。它们是怎么做到的呢？)”可知，全文围绕章鱼伪装的三种方法展开介绍，因此“章鱼如何隐藏自己”可以概括文章核心内容，适合作为替换标题。 2．细节理解题。根据第二段中的“An octopus’s skin has special cells called chromatophores. These cells are filled with yellow, brown, and red pigment. When an octopus moves its muscles a certain way, the cells become large and produce colorful spots and other patterns on its skin. Chromatophores can also reflect light.(章鱼的皮肤里有一种名为色素细胞的特殊细胞。这些细胞含有黄色、棕色与红色色素。当章鱼以特定方式收缩肌肉时，细胞会膨胀变大，在皮肤表面形成彩色斑点与各式纹路。色素细胞还能够反射光线。)”可知，色素体负责变色，改变皮肤质地依靠肌肉而非色素体，所以，C项表述错误。 3．推理判断题。根据第三段中的“When the octopus moves its muscles, its skin can go from smooth to spiky. It might then look like a plant, or coral.(章鱼活动肌肉时，它的皮肤能从光滑变得凹凸多刺，这时它看上去就会像一株植物或是珊瑚。)”可知，章鱼变多刺后形似珊瑚，由此能推断部分珊瑚外表带有尖刺。 4．推理判断题。根据第四段中的“The ocean is not a safe place for them. Because they have no bones in their bodies, octopuses are like large pieces of meat. Many predators want to eat them — and they can eat them whole. To survive, octopuses have developed the amazing ability to change their appearance very quickly in order to hide from predators.(海洋对它们来说不是一个安全的地方。因为它们身体里没有骨头，章鱼就像大块的肉。许多捕食者想要吃掉它们，并且可以完整地把它们吃下。为了生存，章鱼进化出了快速改变外表的惊人能力，以此躲避捕食者。)”可知，海洋环境危险，伪装是章鱼赖以生存的关键手段。 (B) I come from Cambridge, a beautiful city in the east of England. It is on the River Cam and has a population of about 120,000. My hometown is especially famous for its university. Many famous people studied here, such as Isaac Newton and Charles Darwin. There are lots of old buildings and churches to visit. Students and tourists enjoy trips along the river by boat. Cambridge is about 99 kilometres from London. London is in the south of England and it is on the River Thames. It has a population of more than eight million, so it is bigger and busier than Cambridge. It is about 2,000 years old, and it is famous for the Elizabeth Tower, Buckingham Palace and Tower Bridge. England itself is part of an island, and you are always near the sea. The small villages and beaches on the coast are popular for holidays. Tourists like the areas of low mountains and beautiful lakes in the north, and the hills and pretty villages in the south. Everywhere in England, you will notice how green the countryside is. It is never very hot in summer or very cold in winter. So come and see England any time of the year, but bring an umbrella with you. It rains a lot all year round. You will need it most days. 5．How many examples of famous people are mentioned in the passage? A．One. B．Two. C．Three. D．Four. 6．What can we know about Cambridge and London? A．Cambridge is much busier than London. B．London is 2,000 kilometres from Cambridge. C．Cambridge has more famous buildings than London. D．London has a much larger population than Cambridge. 7．What do tourists like about the south of England? A．The churches. B．The low mountains. C．The pretty villages. D．The beautiful lakes. 8．What’s the climate like in England? A．Very hot in summer. B．Very cold in winter. C．Not very cold in winter. D．Not rainy all year round. 【答案】5．B 6．D 7．C 8．C 【导语】文章主要介绍英国剑桥、伦敦两座城市，以及英格兰的风光、地理特点和气候状况。 【详解】5．细节理解题。根据第一段中的“Many famous people studied here, such as Isaac Newton and Charles Darwin.(许多名人曾在此求学，比如艾萨克·牛顿和查尔斯·达尔文。)”可知，文中一共提到了两位名人。 6．细节理解题。根据第一段中的“I come from Cambridge, a beautiful city in the east of England. It is on the River Cam and has a population of about 120,000.(我来自剑桥，英国东部一个美丽的城市。它坐落于康河畔，人口约十二万。)”以及第二段中的“London is in the south of England and it is on the River Thames. It has a population of more than eight million, so it is bigger and busier than Cambridge.(伦敦位于英格兰南部，坐落在泰晤士河畔。这座城市人口超八百万，因此比剑桥规模更大、也更加繁华。)”可知，伦敦的人口远比剑桥多。 7．细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Tourists like the areas of low mountains and beautiful lakes in the north, and the hills and pretty villages in the south.(游客喜欢北部的低矮山脉与秀美湖泊，也喜爱南部的丘陵和精致村落。)”可知，游客喜欢英格兰南部美丽的村庄。 8．细节理解题。根据第四段中的“It is never very hot in summer or very cold in winter.(这里夏天从不会酷热，冬天也不会严寒。)”可知，英格兰的冬天不会十分寒冷。 二、议论文 (A) Mindful eating doesn’t come naturally to me. I’d developed the habit of doing several things at once, like eating and reading. It felt like dead time not to use the chance to kill two birds with one stone. I’ve been ashamed of eating a really healthy diet while hardly noticing it. It took an 11-year-old to truly show me what eating mindfully looks like. Many years ago, when my daughter came home after her first day at secondary school, I fired a lot of questions at her: “Did you make new friends?”, “Were the teachers nice?” completely focusing on a cheese sandwich, she looked at me pointedly, “Mummy, I’ll tell you all about it in a bit. I just want to enjoy eating this sandwich quietly.” So I kept my mouth shut and watched her close her eyes, smile and “Mmm” as she chewed. There was a strong antithesis between how we ate. We’re so used to reducing time that we’ve downgraded eating to something to be squeezed in (挤出时间) while we’re doing something else. Our pick-and-go culture encourages eating in a rush — the quicker, the better. All too often, we end up wolfing down a few biscuits between calls as something to keep us going. But there’s a huge downside to our disconnected eating. When you don’t fully experience your food, you don’t pay attention to whether you’re hungry or not, or full or not. Our social media feeds are flooded with healthy diets and there’s no end of focus on the quality of our food. But there’s little focus on how we eat it and actually that makes all the difference. So let’s turn our attention to eating slowly, mindfully and with enjoyment. Here’s a challenge for you: Can you practice eating at least one meal a day without any distractions? No smartphone, no TV, no radio, no newspapers, no magazines? You might well feel uneasy about it at first, but keep trying 9．What’s the author’s primary view on doing other things while eating? A．It stressed people out. B．It ruined food joy. C．It helped improve focus. D．It was time-saving. 10．What does the underlined word “antithesis” in paragraph 2 mean? A．Similarity. B．Balance. C．Contrast. D．Connection. 11．What may disconnected eating lead to? A．A practice of overeating. B．A habit of eating fast food. C．Awareness of food quality. D．Addiction to a busy lifestyle. 12．What can we infer about eating from the last paragraph? A．Eating styles require more attention. B．Technology simplifies mindful eating. C．Modern ways of eating face challenges. D．Mindful eating outweighs food quality. 【答案】9．D 10．C 11．A 12．A 【导语】这是一篇夹叙夹议文。作者受女儿启发，意识到分心进食的弊端，指出应重视进食方式，倡导专注、愉悦地正念进食。 9．细节理解题。根据第一段“I’d developed the habit of doing several things at once, like eating and reading. It felt like dead time not to use the chance to kill two birds with one stone. (我养成了一心多用的习惯，比如吃饭时看书。我觉得不抓住这个一举两得的机会，就是浪费时间。)”可知，作者认为吃饭时做其他事是节省时间的做法。故选D项。 10．词句猜测题。根据第二段内容，作者吃饭时一心多用、毫无察觉，而女儿“close her eyes, smile and “Mmm” as she chewed (闭上眼睛，微笑着，咀嚼时发出满足的“嗯”声)”，专注享受食物。结合句子“There was a strong antithesis between how we ate. (我们的进食方式有着强烈的antithesis。)” 可知，该词的意思是“对比、反差”。故选C项。 11．推理判断题。根据第三段“But there’s a huge downside to our disconnected eating. When you don’t fully experience your food, you don’t pay attention to whether you’re hungry or not, or full or not. (但这种分心式进食有一个很大的弊端：当你没有充分体验食物时，你就不会注意到自己是饿是饱。)”可知，分心进食会让人忽略饱腹感，可能导致暴饮暴食。故选A项。 12．推理判断题。根据最后一段“But there’s little focus on how we eat it and actually that makes all the difference. So let’s turn our attention to eating slowly, mindfully and with enjoyment. (但很少有人关注我们如何进食，而这一点实际上至关重要。所以，让我们把注意力转向慢慢吃、用心吃、愉悦地吃。)”可知，作者认为进食方式需要得到更多关注。故选A项。 (B) Today, with the help of AI tools, anyone can instantly generate impressive architectural images. Yet this raises a serious question for architects: if technology lowers the technical barrier, what remains the true value of design? The answer, many experts believe, lies in deeper philosophical thinking. Architecture is not only about structure. It also reflects how humans understand life. This understanding begins with the individual — how a building can shape people’s emotions. It then extends to the community — whether a neighborhood design brings people together or drives them apart. Eventually, it touches upon time itself — how to balance the preservation of historical identity with the need for change. In many cities, preserving every old structure, no matter its function or significance, has become an unquestioned principle — widely admired, but rarely discussed. Yet true architectural philosophy requires us to ask whether preserving everything always serves the community’s best interest. AI can copy thousands of design styles, but it cannot make value judgments. It does not know why, for instance, a library in Colombia places its reading rooms — not offices — in the brightest and highest spaces: a design choice symbolizing equality. As scholar Nayef points out, “good design should possess valuable qualities, including fairness, inclusion, and safety, which cannot be handed over to AI.” In the future, the best architects may not be those who master AI tools, but those who master philosophical thinking. Saudi Arabia’s planned city “The Line” is one such example. Its design is not only technological but also philosophical — it asks whether humans can create a city that allows people to live in harmony with nature. By turning a traditional city into a single vertical (垂直的) line, it challenges our deepest assumptions about urban life. Freed from repeated drafting work, architects in the age of AI must think more deeply about humanity, community, and environmental harmony. The great designs of the future will arise where technology meets philosophy, not where one replaces the other. 13．What is the main function of paragraph 2 in the passage? A．To introduce examples of modern cities. B．To compare architecture with philosophy. C．To describe how AI will change construction. D．To present architecture from a philosophical view. 14．What can we learn from the example of the library in Colombia? A．Great design is human-centered. B．AI will reshape public buildings. C．The best design feels almost invisible. D．Equality is the core of modern design. 15．Which of the following best describes the nature of “The Line”? A．A philosophy-guided theory. B．An eco-friendly city project. C．A low-income housing plan. D．An profit-driven design. 16．According to the passage, what should architects do in the age of AI? A．Shift from drawing to building. B．Bring soul and meaning to designs. C．Employ AI as a powerful assistant. D．Prioritize philosophy over function. 【答案】13．D 14．A 15．B 16．B 【导语】文章主要讲述了在人工智能时代，建筑师需要更深入地思考建筑背后的哲学意义，将技术与哲学相结合，为设计注入灵魂和意义，创造更伟大的建筑作品。 13．主旨大意题。根据第二段中“Architecture is not only about structure. It also reflects how humans understand life. This understanding begins with the individual — how a building can shape people’s emotions. It then extends to the community — whether a neighborhood design brings people together or drives them apart. Eventually, it touches upon time itself — how to balance the preservation of historical identity with the need for change.(建筑不仅仅是结构。它还反映了人类如何理解生活。这种理解始于个人——建筑如何塑造人们的情感。然后它延伸到社区——社区设计是让人们聚在一起还是分开。最终，它触及到时间本身——如何平衡历史身份的保存与变革的需要。)”可知，第二段从哲学角度阐述了建筑的意义，包括对个人、社区和时间的影响。 14．推理判断题。根据第三段中“It does not know why, for instance, a library in Colombia places its reading rooms — not offices — in the brightest and highest spaces: a design choice symbolizing equality. As scholar Nayef points out, “good design should possess valuable qualities, including fairness, inclusion, and safety, which cannot be handed over to AI.”(例如，它不知道为什么哥伦比亚的一家图书馆把阅览室——而不是办公室——放在最明亮、最高的地方：这一设计选择象征着平等。正如学者纳耶夫所言：“优秀的设计应当具备公平、包容、安全等核心价值素养，而这些，是无法交由人工智能实现的。”)”可知，哥伦比亚的图书馆把阅览室放在最明亮、最高的地方，象征着平等，这体现了伟大的设计是以人为本的。 15．细节理解题。根据第四段中“Saudi Arabia’s planned city “The Line” is one such example. Its design is not only technological but also philosophical — it asks whether humans can create a city that allows people to live in harmony with nature.(沙特阿拉伯的规划城市“The Line”就是一个这样的例子。它的设计不仅是技术上的，也是哲学上的——它询问人类是否能创造一个让人们与自然和谐相处的城市。)”可知，“The Line”是一个环保城市项目，旨在创造一个让人们与自然和谐相处的城市。 16．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Freed from repeated drafting work, architects in the age of AI must think more deeply about humanity, community, and environmental harmony. The great designs of the future will arise where technology meets philosophy, not where one replaces the other.(在人工智能时代，建筑师从重复的绘图工作中解放出来，必须更深入地思考人性、社区和环境和谐。未来的伟大设计将出现在技术与哲学相遇的地方，而不是一个取代另一个的地方。)”可知，在人工智能时代，建筑师应该为设计注入灵魂和意义，思考人性、社区和环境和谐。 一、基础练习题 (A) Four Interesting Festivals in 2026 The following events happening in 2026 will make you want to pack your bags and join the fun. Holi Festival Holi turns cities into a sea of rainbow colors. People throw handfuls of colored powder at friends, family, and total strangers, while music, dancing, and laughter fill the streets. The festival celebrates the arrival of spring and the success. It happens on March 3, 2026. Wear white clothes if you don’t mind getting dirty, and prepare to be covered head-to-toe in every color imaginable. Wife-Carrying World Championship Competitors race through a difficult course while carrying their wife. The course includes water hazards (障碍), and sand traps that test strength, speed, and teamwork. Winners receive their wife’s weight in beer. It happens on July 3 and 4, 2026. Despite the traditional name, any couple can compete, and the event attracts teams from around the world eager to prove their carrying skills and sense of humor. Monkey Buffet Festival Tables piled high with fruit, vegetables, and snacks are laid out for Lopburi’s famous monkeys in a yearly feast that is both generous and makes for great photos. Hundreds of monkeys rush to the spread, creating a wild feeding competition that delights photographers and tourists. Typically held in late November, the 2026 event doesn’t have fixed dates yet. Night of the Radishes (萝卜) Artists in Oaxaca spend hours carving oversized radishes into well-designed historical figures, and imaginary creatures, knowing their creations will dry out within a day. The time pressure makes the festival feel magical and short-lived, which is a special experience. It happens on December 23, 2026. It’s held yearly on the same date. Arrive early for the best views, because the detailed carvings are amazing but only last for a short time. 1．Which event requires both physical effort and teamwork? A．Holi Festival. B．Night of the Radishes. C．Monkey Buffet Festival. D．Wife-Carrying World Championship. 2．What can be inferred about the Monkey Buffet Festival? A．It follows a fixed schedule. B．Monkeys eat politely together. C．Its 2026 date remains uncertain. D．Tourists feed monkeys personally. 3．What makes the Night of the Radishes special? A．Artists use special tools. B．The art disappears quickly. C．It happens before Christmas. D．Carvings are sold for money. 【答案】1．D 2．C 3．B 【导语】文章主要介绍了2026年四个有趣的节日及其特色与时间安排。 【详解】1．细节理解题。根据Wife-Carrying World Championship部分中“Competitors race through a difficult course while carrying their wife. The course includes water hazards (障碍), and sand traps that test strength, speed, and teamwork. (参赛者们背着他们的妻子在一段艰难的赛道上比赛。赛道包括水域障碍和沙坑，考验着力量、速度和团队合作。)”可知，该活动需要体力和团队合作。 2．推理判断题。根据Monkey Buffet Festival部分中“Typically held in late November, the 2026 event doesn’t have fixed dates yet. (该活动通常在11月下旬举行，但2026年的具体日期尚未确定。)”可知，2026年的活动日期仍不确定。 3．细节理解题。根据Night of the Radishes (萝卜)部分中“Artists in Oaxaca spend hours carving oversized radishes into well-designed historical figures, and imaginary creatures, knowing their creations will dry out within a day. The time pressure makes the festival feel magical and short-lived, which is a special experience. (瓦哈卡的艺术家们花费数小时将巨大的萝卜雕刻成精心设计的历史人物和想象中的生物，他们知道自己的作品会在一天之内干枯。这种时间压力让这个节日充满魔力且短暂易逝，这是一种特别的体验。)”及“Arrive early for the best views, because the detailed carvings are amazing but only last for a short time. (尽早到场以获得最佳观赏效果，因为这些精美的雕刻虽然令人惊叹，但只能维持很短的时间。)”可知，该节日的特别之处在于艺术作品很快就会消失。 (B) In August 2005, I left my quiet coastal hometown in Maine for Chicago, a big city famous for its skyscrapers and lively cultural scene. My hometown had only one small bookstore and no art galleries, so the endless concerts, museums and restaurants in Chicago seemed like a dream come true. As a college freshman, I was excited to embrace the city’s energy — yet I often found myself longing for the sound of waves crashing and the smell of salt in the air. Years went by, and I built a fulfilling life in Chicago: I graduated, got a job I loved, and made lifelong friends. Still, a soft nostalgia (乡愁) for Maine lingered, and I soon realized that “home” isn’t defined by the number of attractions a place has, but by the sense of comfort and belonging it brings. It’s the way the light falls on the ocean at sunset, the taste of my mom’s seafood chowder, and the familiarity of bumping into neighbors on the street. “Homesickness often arises when we’re missing the emotional comfort of a familiar environment, not just the place itself,” says Dr. Lisa Carter, a psychologist who specializes in human attachment. “We don’t just miss a location — we miss the routines, the relationships, and the sense of safety that location provided. For some, this comfort can be recreated in a new place; for others, it remains a unique part of their past.” Although the nostalgia for Maine has never truly faded, even after years of happy life in Chicago, there are simple ways to ease this kind of longing. Creating small, familiar rituals in your new life — like baking your hometown’s favorite cookies every Sunday or taking a walk in a nearby park at the same time each evening — can help build a new sense of stability. These little acts don’t erase the memories of home; instead, they weave those memories into the fabric of your present life. I’m fortunate to have a good foundation in Chicago, with a loving family, supportive friends and a comfortable home, but however much I love my life in Chicago, there’s a part of me that will forever belong to Maine. 4．Why did the author move to Chicago? A．To pursue her college education there. B．To take up a new job in the city center. C．To enjoy the various attractions it offered. D．To escape the boredom of her small hometown. 5．What does Dr. Lisa Carter think nostalgia mainly comes from? A．The loss of important relationships from the past. B．The difficulty in creating new routines in daily life. C．The disappointment with the new place’s environment. D．The lack of familiar emotional comfort in a new place. 6．What does Paragraph 4 mainly talk about? A．The methods of relieving nostalgic feelings. B．The significance of holding on to past memories. C．The permanence of the author’s nostalgia for Maine. D．The necessity of physical places for establishing a safe zone. 7．Which saying best summarizes the main idea of the text? A．Pleasure blinds one to home. B．Home keeps the wolf from the door. C．Home is where the heart is. D．When in Rome, do as the Romans do. 【答案】4．A 5．D 6．A 7．C 【导语】本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。文章主要讲述了作者离开家乡缅因州前往芝加哥上大学，尽管在芝加哥建立了充实的生活，但对家乡的思念之情从未消散，同时探讨了缓解乡愁的方法。 【详解】4．细节理解题。根据第一段“In August 2005, I left my quiet coastal hometown in Maine for Chicago, a big city famous for its skyscrapers and lively cultural scene. My hometown had only one small bookstore and no art galleries, so the endless concerts, museums and restaurants in Chicago seemed like a dream come true. As a college freshman, I was excited to embrace the city’s energy — yet I often found myself longing for the sound of waves crashing and the smell of salt in the air. (2005年8月，我离开了缅因州宁静的沿海家乡前往芝加哥，这座以摩天大楼和充满活力的文化场景而闻名的大城市。我的家乡只有一家小书店，没有美术馆，所以芝加哥无穷无尽的音乐会、博物馆和餐馆似乎是梦想成真。作为一名大一新生，我为拥抱这座城市的活力而感到兴奋——然而我常常发现自己渴望听到海浪拍打的声音和空气中咸咸的气味)”可知，作者搬到芝加哥是为了去那里上大学。故选A项。 5．推理判断题。根据第三段““Homesickness often arises when we’re missing the emotional comfort of a familiar environment, not just the place itself,” says Dr. Lisa Carter, a psychologist who specializes in human attachment. “We don’t just miss a location — we miss the routines, the relationships, and the sense of safety that location provided. For some, this comfort can be recreated in a new place; for others, it remains a unique part of their past.” (丽莎·卡特博士说，“当我们想念熟悉环境带来的情感慰藉，而不仅仅是那个地方本身时，思乡之情就会产生。”她是一位专门研究人类依恋的心理学家。“我们想念的不只是一个地方——我们想念的是那里的日常、关系以及那个地方提供的安全感。对有些人来说，这种舒适感可以在一个新的地方重新创造；对另一些人来说，它仍然是他们过去独特的一部分。”)”可推断，丽莎·卡特博士认为思乡之情主要源于在新地方缺乏熟悉的情感慰藉。故选D项。 6．主旨大意题。根据第四段中“Although the nostalgia for Maine has never truly faded, even after years of happy life in Chicago, there are simple ways to ease this kind of longing. Creating small, familiar rituals in your new life — like baking your hometown’s favorite cookies every Sunday or taking a walk in a nearby park at the same time each evening — can help build a new sense of stability. (尽管对缅因州的怀念从未真正消失，即使在芝加哥度过了多年的幸福生活后也是如此，但仍有一些简单的方法可以缓解这种思念。在你的新生活中创造一些小而熟悉的仪式——比如每个周日烘焙家乡最爱的饼干，或者每天晚上同一时间在附近的公园散步——有助于建立新的稳定感)”可知，本段主要讲述了缓解思乡之情的方法。故选A项。 7．主旨大意题。根据全文内容，特别是第二段“I soon realized that “home” isn’t defined by the number of attractions a place has, but by the sense of comfort and belonging it brings. It’s the way the light falls on the ocean at sunset, the taste of my mom’s seafood chowder, and the familiarity of bumping into neighbors on the street. (我很快意识到，“家”不是由一个地方有多少景点来定义的，而是由它带来的舒适感和归属感来定义的。它是日落时光线洒在海面上的样子，是我妈妈海鲜杂烩的味道，是在街上偶遇邻居的熟悉感)”和最后一段“I’m fortunate to have a good foundation in Chicago, with a loving family, supportive friends and a comfortable home, but however much I love my life in Chicago, there’s a part of me that will forever belong to Maine. (我很幸运在芝加哥有了良好的基础，有亲爱的家人、支持我的朋友和舒适的家，但无论我多么热爱在芝加哥的生活，我的一部分将永远属于缅因州)”可知，文章的核心思想是，“家”不在于地理位置，而在于情感归属与心灵的安放之处。故C项“Home is where the heart is (心之所在即为家)”最能概括文章主旨。故选C项。 二、培优练习题 (C) Race walking shares many fitness benefits with running, research shows, while most likely contributing to fewer injuries. It does, however, have its own problem. Race walkers are conditioned athletes. The longest track and field event at the Summer Olympics is the 50-kilometer race walk, which is about five miles longer than the marathon. But the sport’s rules require that a race walker’s knees stay straight through most of the leg swing and one foot remain in contact (接触) with the ground at all times. However, it’s this strange form that makes race walking such an attractive activity, says Jaclyn Norberg, an assistant professor of exercise science at Salem State University in Salem, Mass. Like running, race walking is physically demanding, she says. According to most calculations, race walkers moving at a pace of six miles per hour would burn about 800 calories (卡路里) per hour, which is approximately twice as many as they would burn when walking, although fewer than running, which would probably burn about 1,000 or more calories per hour. However, race walking does not pound the body as much as running does, Dr.Norberg says. In her research, runners hit the ground with as much as four times their body weight per step, while race walkers, who do not leave the ground, create only about 1.4 times their body weight with each step. As a result, she says, some of the injuries associated with running, such as runner’s knee, are uncommon among race walkers. But the sport’s strange form does place considerable stress on the ankles and hips, so people with a history of such injuries might want to be cautious in adopting the sport. In fact, anyone wishing to try race walking should probably first consult a coach or experienced racer to learn proper technique, she says. It takes some practice. 8．Why are race walkers conditioned athletes? A．They must run long distances. B．They are qualified for the marathon. C．They have to follow special rules. D．They are good at swinging their legs. 9．What advantage does race walking have over running? A．It’s more popular at the Olympics. B．It’s less challenging physically. C．It’s more effective in body building. D．It’s less likely to cause knee injuries. 10．What is Dr. Norberg’s suggestion for someone trying race walking? A．Getting experts’ opinions. B．Having a medical checkup. C．Hiring an experienced coach. D．Doing regular exercises. 11．What’s the best title of the passage? A．Running VS. Race Walking: Which Burns More Calories? B．Race Walking: Fitness Benefits and Form Challenges C．Avoiding Injuries: Why Race Walking Might be safer Than Running? D．The Unusual Feature of Race Walking 【答案】8．C 9．D 10．A 11．B 【导语】本文主要介绍了竞走运动的健身益处、与跑步相比的优势，以及其特殊运动形式带来的挑战和注意事项。 【详解】8．细节理解题。根据文章第二段“But the sport’s rules require that a race walker’s knees stay straight through most of the leg swing and one foot remain in contact with the ground at all times.(但这项运动的规则要求竞走运动员在大部分摆腿过程中膝盖保持伸直，且一只脚始终接触地面。)”可知，竞走运动员是受过训练的运动员，因为他们必须遵守特殊规则。 9．细节理解题。根据文章第五段“As a result, she says, some of the injuries associated with running, such as runner’s knee, are uncommon among race walkers.(因此，她说，跑步相关的一些损伤，比如跑步膝，在竞走运动员中并不常见。)”可知，竞走相比跑步的优势是不太可能导致膝盖受伤。 10．细节理解题。根据文章第五段“In fact, anyone wishing to try race walking should probably first consult a coach or experienced racer to learn proper technique, she says.(事实上，她说，任何想尝试竞走的人或许应该先咨询教练或有经验的参赛者，学习正确的技巧。)”可知，诺伯格博士建议尝试竞走的人听取专家的意见。 11．主旨大意题 通读全文可知，文章主要围绕竞走展开，既介绍了它的健身益处，也提到了其特殊运动形式带来的挑战。B项“竞走：健身益处与姿势挑战”适合作文章标题。 1 / 12 zxxk.com 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $