衔接点23 完形填空三大设题焦点揭秘（初高考点差异及衔接）（讲义，通用版）英语初升高衔接

衔接点23 完形填空三大设题焦点揭秘 初中视角 高中展望 初中完形填空文章多以记叙文为主,话题贴近学生生活,涵盖了校园生活、家庭生活、人际交往、自我完善、人生态度、人物经历、励志故事和人生感悟等。挖空点主要有10个空，部分地区15个空。 高中英语完形填空，语篇较长，说明文或夹叙夹议居多，挖空点15个。备选项以实词为主；命题主要思路：语义优先于语法原则；上下文语境分析原则。 衔接引导 初中阶段考查形式：备选项侧重以实词为主，主要以名词、动词、形容词为多、少量涉及副词、连词、介词短语及动词短语辨析。 高中阶段考查形式：备选项以实词为主，涉及名、动、形、副四类词，有时亦会考察逻辑衔接词或短语，突出词汇等选项在语境及篇章结构环境下的最优匹配。 【初中考点聚焦】 【题型解读】 初中完形填空一般以记叙文或夹叙夹议文为主，主题语境包括人与自我，人与社会，人与自然。侧重考查在具体语境中运用词汇知识的能力，降低了对单词本身用法的考查，少量数词生义和一词多义的考查。选材内容源于真实生活，以人物思想和行为为中心，体现理性思维，人文情怀、参与社会的人文素养等正能量；以时间或空间的变化为线索，按事件的发生、发展和结束来展开叙述；时态上多以一般过去时为主，其他时态为辅。 【解题策略】 · 上下文推理题：从整体角度考虑，结合上下文语境才能判断出最佳答案。 · 逻辑推理题：注意对文章内容进行逻辑分析、推理判断。理解上下文的内在关联和连贯意义。 · 词汇复现题：有些答案是会在上下文中重复出现的，关注语境，读懂题意，选出答案。 · 生活常识题：注意文化背景和生活常识，利用上下文线索,分析句子的关系。 · 语境推断题：注意对文章发生的背景，所处环境进行分析，进而理解语境，利用上下文线索，找到关键提示词或句子，选出答案。 · 固定搭配题：注意英语中的固定搭配、习惯用语及短语的运用。 【典例诠释】（体裁：记叙文） 阅读下面短文，从短文后每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 Twelve years ago, doctors told Cai Lu he would never walk again. Now, the 34-year-old has 1 them wrong—not only by walking, but also by running a prosthetics (假肢) company. Cai’s life journey changed because of a terrible 2 in 2014. His right leg was cut off at once, and his left leg was broken. He fell into a 35-day coma (昏迷). For three years, doctors tried hard to 3 his left leg, but each small improvement was followed by another 4 operation. In late 2017, Cai made an unbelievable choice: he asked doctors to remove his left leg. “It wasn’t 5 ,” he said. “I just couldn’t keep lying to myself.” The decision brought him “complete freedom”. In 2018, Cai started using prosthetics and relearned to walk. He tried different jobs, yet all ended in 6 . Taking his mother’s advice to slow down, he attended training programs and won a national championship in tea art in 2023. That 7 gave him the confidence to found a prosthetics company the same year. He cared more about the disadvantaged groups and about 40 percent of his workers are 8 . As a prosthetic user himself, he understood users’ pain points. His products are quite popular and some of his 9 include many famous stars like Jiang Yuyan, who won seven gold medals at the Paris 2024 Summer Paralympic Games (残奥会). Cai has also followed his athletic dream, joining China’s first disabled golf team in 2025. What interests him most is to travel as a(an) 10 speaker, who often shares his belief: “Keep being brave.” 1．A．judged B．proved C．realized D．believed 2．A．accident B．birth C．meeting D．business 3．A．find B．train C．change D．save 4．A．careful B．successful C．painful D．helpful 5．A．speeding up B．giving up C．standing up D．making up 6．A．silence B．danger C．doubt D．failure 7．A．achievement B．suggestion C．treatment D．satisfaction 8．A．strong B．experienced C．disabled D．healthy 9．A．drivers B．visitors C．guests D．customers 10．A．shocking B．encouraging C．interesting D．relaxing 【高中考点聚焦】 课标解读 高中英语完形填空，语篇较长，记叙文为主，说明文或议论文为辅，挖空点15个。不仅考查学生对词汇、语法等基础知识的综合运用能力，而且考查学生的逻辑推理和篇章结构理解能力。历年完形填空选材科学，结构清晰，主题明显，但文章阅读难易度指数(Readability)一般较大，区分度高，是历年高考得分率较低的题型之一。备选项以实词为主，涉及名、动、形、副四类词，有时亦会考察逻辑衔接词或短语，突出词汇等选项在语境及篇章结构环境下的最优匹配。命题主要思路：语义优先于语法原则；上下文语境分析原则。 考点清单 【从命题角度剖析完形填空考点设置】 完形填空命题分为句内层次、句组层次、语篇层次三级考点，难度逐级上升，线索查找范围由单句内部→前后相邻意群→全文整体脉络，下面结合各地高一英语试题，每个考点选取 3 道典型例题，附原句翻译、考点匹配说明、完整解题逻辑解析。 · 考点一：[句内层次题]　 完形填空文章的上下文之间以及句子内部之间往往有着一定的逻辑关系，它使句子的各个成分之间形成一定的对应关系。考生可以根据这种逻辑关系找出与未知填空相对应的已知成分，将它作为线索，通过它推断出未知填空的答案。 命题逻辑 线索全部集中在同一个句子内部，依靠句内修饰、并列、转折、因果、固定搭配、主谓 / 动宾对应、介词短语限定等逻辑锁定答案，无需跳出本句寻找信息。 例题 1（素材湖北高一月考第 1 空） 原题句子 While the teacher was 1 his business, Bella was invited to wait for him in the art room. A．concerned about B．disappointed at C．ashamed of D．occupied with 句子翻译 当老师忙于处理自己的事务时，贝拉被安排到美术室等候他。 考点匹配：句内层次题 线索完全在本句后半句 Bella was invited to wait for him（贝拉要等老师），句内逻辑直接推出：老师没空，正在忙工作。 详细解析 1. 句内因果逻辑：后半句 “贝拉等候老师” 是结果，前半句空格为原因，说明老师无暇陪同； 2. 短语辨析： 1. be occupied with 忙于……，贴合句内 “老师有事、学生等候” 的对应关系； 2. concerned about 担忧、disappointed at 失望、ashamed of 羞愧，在本句内部找不到任何情绪类线索支撑； 3. 线索仅存在本句，不用看前后段落，属于典型句内层次题。 例题 2（素材福建厦门开学考第 19 空） 原题句子 Trying to get the perfect shot, he kept changing the 19 of the camera. A．angel B．eagle C．angle D．edge 句子翻译 为拍出完美的照片，他不停地调整相机的拍摄角度。 考点匹配：句内层次题 线索为本句开头目的状语 Trying to get the perfect shot（拍出完美照片），句内动宾搭配直接锁定答案。 详细解析 1. 句内目的与动作对应：想要拍好照片，对应的动作是调整相机拍摄角度； 2. 单词词义区分：angel 天使、eagle 鹰、edge 边缘均和拍照无关；angle 表示 “角度”，the angle of the camera 相机角度，是本句内部固定搭配； 3. 无需参考下一句内容，仅凭单句信息即可作答，属于句内层次。 例题 3（素材山西吕梁高一阶段练习第 37 空） 原题句子 Skin cancer does have cures and it is 37 in most cases. A．preventable B．complex C．deadly D．treatable 句子翻译 皮肤癌确实有对应的治疗方案，大多数情况下是可以医治的。 考点匹配：句内层次题 句内并列连词 and 连接前后两个分句，前半句 does have cures（有治愈方法）是直接线索，同句内并列逻辑推答案。 详细解析 1. 句内并列逻辑：and 表顺承，前后语义一致；前半句 “有治愈手段”，后半句对应 “可治疗的”； 2. 词义排除：preventable 可预防的（原文未提预防）、complex 复杂的、deadly 致命的，均和前半句 “有疗法” 语义冲突；treatable 可治疗的，与have cures句内同义呼应； 3. 线索局限在本句，无需跨句查找，属于句内层次题。 · 考点二：[句组层次题]　 比句内层次题稍难一级的题目，其解题信息分布在空格前后的一组意群之中，解题时需前瞻后顾，综合意群信息解答。即：本句信息不足填，空格前后再找信息源。 命题逻辑 单一句子信息不足以推出答案，解题线索分布在空格前后紧邻的几句（同一意群、相邻两句），需要整合前后短句信息综合判断，线索范围为空格前后 1-2 句话，不涉及全文主旨。 例题 1（素材安徽马鞍山开学考第 6、7 空，选取第 7 空） 原文句组（相邻两句） I dropped Kristil in a 6 community for a birthday party surrounded by all the nice things that we couldn’t 7. I drove home feeling sad. 7．A．remember B．afford C．find D．appreciate 句子翻译 我把克里斯蒂尔送到一个富裕社区参加生日派对，那里摆满了我们负担不起的精美物品。我开车回家，满心难过。 考点匹配：句组层次题 仅看空格所在句无法确定，需要结合前一句wealthy community富裕社区、后一句feeling sad难过两组相邻句子信息综合判断。 详细解析 1. 单句局限：只看 “all the nice things” 精美物品，四个选项语法都通顺，无法区分； 2. 整合前后句组线索： ① 前一句线索：社区 wealthy 富裕，暗示 “我” 家境普通； ② 后一句线索：回家后心情 sad 难过，侧面说明那些好物不属于自己； 3. 词义匹配：afford 表示 “负担得起”，couldn’t afford买不起，同时契合 “富裕社区 + 内心难过” 两句信息；其余单词无法同时满足前后两句逻辑； 4. 线索集中在相邻两句构成的意群，属于句组层次题。 例题 2（素材湖北高一期中第 6 空） 原文句组（前后紧邻三句） Suddenly a young man entered, talking loudly to himself. He threw a quick look at Bella and headed for the piano... Bella assumed he was a patient because she found clear signs of 6 in his voice and the waving of his arms. 6．A．madness B．happiness C．sadness D．calmness 句子翻译 突然一个年轻人走进来，大声自言自语。他瞥了贝拉一眼，走向钢琴…… 贝拉认定他是病人，因为她从他的语气和挥舞的手臂中看到明显的疯狂迹象。 考点匹配：句组层次题 空格线索不在单句内，需要整合前两句 “大声自言自语、挥舞手臂” 的行为描述，才能推出贝拉的判断。 详细解析 1. 单句局限：只看本句 “signs in his voice and waving arms”，无法判断情绪； 2. 整合前两句意群线索：年轻人独自大声说话、手不停挥舞，在贝拉（准精神病医生）视角里是反常、失控的表现； 3. 词义筛选：madness 疯狂符合一系列反常动作；happiness 开心、sadness 悲伤、calmness 冷静均无法匹配前文自言自语、挥舞手臂的行为； 4. 线索存在于空格前相邻两句，属于句组层次题。 例题 3（素材河南焦作开学考第 47 空） 原文句组 He gradually noted the kids were glued to tablets and cell phones when they came to the barbershop. It was 47 to cut their hair when they were focused on those. 47．A．safe B．hard C．possible D．pleasant 句子翻译 他渐渐发现孩子们来理发时总盯着平板和手机。当他们注意力全放在电子产品上时，很难给他们剪头发。 考点匹配：句组层次题 空格所在句信息不足，必须依靠前一句glued to tablets and cell phones紧盯电子产品的描述推理。 详细解析 1. 单句局限：单独看 “to cut their hair” 剪头发，四个形容词语法都成立，无判断依据； 2. 前句线索支撑：孩子全程沉迷电子设备，乱动、不配合，自然让理发这件事变得困难； 3. 逻辑匹配：hard 困难的；safe 安全的、possible 可能的、pleasant 愉快的均和 “孩子沉迷手机” 的前置信息矛盾； 4. 解题需要结合紧邻前一句完整意群，属于句组层次题。 · 考点三：【语篇层次题】 语篇层次题要求考生理解整篇文章，抓住全文的脉络、作者的思想、意图或主人公的心理，然后进行准确的推理、判断，从而做出正确的选择。这类题难度较大，一篇完形填空中，大约有2～3道此类题。不急于解答，读完全文后综合思维再做判定。语篇层次题的解答必须立足于整个语篇，因此在解题时对这类题目不能急于解答，要跨越段落，顺藤摸瓜，仔细比对，最终得出答案。具体来说，可以利用以下3种方法解答此类题目。 命题逻辑 单句、相邻句组均无完整线索，必须通读全文，依托文章主旨、人物完整心理变化、全文首尾呼应、故事整体反转 / 中心道理才能作答，需要跨越段落、整合全文信息，一篇完形仅 2-3 道，建议通读完整篇再回头做。 例 题 1（素材湖北高一期中最后一空 15） 原文结尾句 + 全文主旨 Hasty (草率的) conclusions too often turn out to be 15 and put one in a foolish position. Avoid them. 15．A．false B．obvious C．similar D．fruitless 句子翻译 草率得出的结论往往都是错误的，还会让人陷入尴尬可笑的境地。切勿妄下定论。 考点匹配：语篇层次题 线索不在单句、相邻段落，需要整合全文完整故事反转情节才能得出答案。 详细解析 1. 局部信息局限：只看本句或最后一段，无法确定草率结论的属性； 2. 全文整体脉络梳理（跨段落提取信息）： ① 前半段：贝拉仅凭年轻人自言自语、乱弹钢琴，主观判定对方是精神病患者； ② 中段反转：发现对方佩戴调音耳机，身份是钢琴调音师，贝拉判断完全出错； ③ 后半段二次反转：调音师又误以为独自待着的贝拉是无人看管的病人； ④ 全文核心故事：两人都仅凭片面表象草率下判断，结果全部判断失误； 3. 主旨匹配：全文通过双重误会，揭示 “仓促结论是错误的” 这一道理；false 错误的贴合全文故事；obvious 明显的、similar 相似的、fruitless 徒劳的均无法概括全文两段误会的核心； 4. 必须通读完整篇、把握全文叙事反转与中心思想才能解题，属于典型语篇层次题。 例题 2（素材福建厦门开学考最后一空 30） 原文结尾句 + 全文中心 So just remember, we can’t throw away the 30 because of its core. 30．A．banana B．object C．item D．apple 句子翻译 所以请记住，我们不能因为果核就扔掉整个苹果（不能因噎废食）。 考点匹配：语篇层次题 仅看本句只能看到 core（果核），但无法锁定水果；需要结合全文父亲的观点、完整故事主旨才能确定。 详细解析 1. 局部局限：单句只有 core 一词，四个名词都能搭配，无区分度； 2. 全文整体语篇线索（跨段落整合）： ① 故事主线：作者在巴黎被假扮拍照的当地人强行收费，心生愤怒； ② 父亲全程观点：不能因为一次糟糕的经历，就否定所有人的善意；后文又提到途中遇到大量热心本地人提供帮助； ③ 文末比喻逻辑：父亲用谚语类比这件事，apple苹果才有果核 core，对应 “不因一点瑕疵否定全部善意” 的全文中心； 3. 词义排除：banana 香蕉无核；object 物品、item 物件过于宽泛，不符合谚语固定喻体；只有 apple 贴合全文比喻式主旨； 4. 需要梳理故事完整情节 + 作者最终感悟，属于语篇层次题。 例题 3（素材山东泰安阶段练习第 20 空） 原文尾句 + 全文完整人物线 I’m now fifty years old, and live 20. When I watched the various awards I received on the walls in my office, a contented smile appeared on my face. 20．A．poorly B．cautiously C．bitterly D．happily 句子翻译 如今我已经五十岁，过得十分幸福。看着办公室墙上挂满我斩获的各类奖项，我脸上露出满足的笑容。 考点匹配：语篇层次题 仅凭尾段两句只能看出 “有奖项、微笑”，完整逻辑需要串联全文人物成长脉络（跨段落信息）。 详细解析 1. 局部局限：只看尾段，只能知道作者获奖，但无法深刻判断生活状态； 2. 全文完整人物脉络（整篇语篇线索）： ① 开篇：19 岁被迫遵从父母意愿学习化学，课堂枯燥，内心毫无兴趣； ② 中段：教授点醒他追随热爱，自我反思发现自己热爱钢琴，转学音乐； ③ 结尾：多年后收获无数音乐奖项，内心满足； 3. 全文主旨：追随内心热爱，最终收获圆满人生；happily 幸福地完美呼应全文人物前后境遇对比；poorly 穷困地、cautiously 谨慎地、bitterly 痛苦地和全文结局完全相悖； 4. 解题必须串联文章从头到尾的人物经历与心理变化，依托整篇语篇立意作答，属于语篇层次题。 一、完形填空（记叙文） Years ago when I was in my late teens, some friends and I went on a trip to Killington, Vermont. 1 , I came from the city where traffic, buildings, and a fast pace of life were all I 2 . I had never been to Vermont before and I remembered being excited that I was going to experience something 3 . By the time we 4 , it wasn’t until sometime after dinner. We were expecting the 5 be at least three to four hours until we got there. As we got closer to our destination, it started to 6 . I felt very 7 as we drove up and down the hills in nearly stormy conditions, and I didn’t 8 my surroundings because it was so dark and snowy. When we finally arrived at the hotel it was late and I was thankful we had 9 it there safely. The next morning when I 10 , the sun was shining through the curtains (窗帘) — after driving in such 11 the night before it was now all sunshine. When I opened the curtain, I was shocked. I had never 12 to see such a beautiful mountain right in front of me. All weekend I admired the mountains and wildlife surrounding me. And that’s when I became 13 by the beauty of nature. Years later, I am enjoying nature even more. I admire and appreciate it in a whole 14 way. Now I’m finding scary things like insects 15 instead of being afraid of them. 1．A．Before long B．At that time C．As usual D．In that case 2．A．explored B．provided C．focused D．knew 3．A．different B．unpleasant C．similar D．positive 4．A．left B．arrived C．returned D．reached 5．A．walk B．rest C．spot D．drive 6．A．rain B．cloud C．snow D．fog 7．A．anxious B．excited C．confused D．curious 8．A．raise B．compare C．notice D．remember 9．A．finished B．made C．challenged D．improved 10．A．got out B．cheered up C．headed for D．woke up 11．A．confidence B．darkness C．detail D．advance 12．A．prepared B．accepted C．expected D．ordered 13．A．concerned B．alarmed C．annoyed D．attracted 14．A．strange B．new C．responsible D．normal 15．A．advanced B．awkward C．amazing D．dangerous 二、完形填空（说明文） How to Improve Reading Skills Set Aside Time Each Day Most of us can find 15 minutes or half an hour each day for some 16 regular activity. For example, one famous surgeon always 17 it a rule to spend at least 15 minutes on general reading before sleeping each day. 18 he went to bed at 10 p.m. or 2:30 a.m. 19 no difference. Check Your Progress Through Pacing Nearly all “speedy reading” courses have a “pacing” element — some timing 20 which lets you know how many words a minute you are reading. You can do this 21 by looking at your watch every 5 or 10 minutes and noting down the page number you have 22 . Check Your Understanding Obviously there is little 23 in increasing your reading speed if you do not understand what you are reading. If you find you have lost the 24 of the story, reread the section. Lightning Speed Exercise Take four or five pages of an interesting book and read them as fast as you 25 can. Do not 26 about whether you understand or not. After a “lightning speed” of reading, you’ll find your “normal” speed has 27 . Pay Attention to the Organization of an Article Most paragraphs in an article have a(n) “ 28 sentence” which expresses the central ideas. The opening paragraph often suggests the general direction and content of the piece, while paragraphs that follow 29 or support the first. The 30 paragraph often summarizes the very essence of what has been said. 16．A．strange B．athletic C．classic D．specific 17．A．finds B．takes C．makes D．thinks 18．A．When B．Whether C．What D．Where 19．A．made B．counted C．took D．put 20．A．advice B．device C．concise D．diverse 21．A．only B．wholly C．seriously D．simply 22．A．achieved B．reached C．memorized D．reviewed 23．A．point B．reason C．purpose D．rule 24．A．line B．detail C．spirit D．thread 25．A．probably B．possibly C．likely D．obviously 26．A．confuse B．disappoint C．reflect D．worry 27．A．increased B．decreased C．dropped D．stayed 28．A．typical B．developing C．topic D．ironic 29．A．extend B．expand C．explain D．exhibit 30．A．first B．related C．best D．closing 一、基础练习题 Yu Hong is from a small village in Guangxi Province. She is the best women’s soccer player in her university. When she was little, she was very good at 1 . She loved to compete against boys who were fast and 2 . This made her a better player. When Yu Hong was 9 years old, she started playing 3 . Her PE teacher thought she was so 4 that he introduced her to the school soccer team. A year later, she was made the 5 of the team because she played the best. She started to push herself more and 6 as much as possible. Yu Hong didn’t 7 any soccer match and went to the sports field every day. Although she was 8 , she worked hard for what she really wanted. Yu Hong 9 that practice makes perfect. So she kept doing the same move 10 she got it right. Yu Hong was the “Best Player of School” for three years 11 her amazing skills. At the age of 18, Yu Hong competed in her last season before graduation. She trained even 12 , and their team won many matches. At last, their team played against Red Star Team. Yu Hong’s team was not playing very well at the start, but they didn’t 13 . They worked well as a team and kept fighting till the last minute. Finally, Yu Hong led her team to 14 the game. Now Yu Hong volunteers to teach   15 girls soccer in her village every summer holiday. She wants them to love sports. She often says, “Everything is possible. Just go for it!” Thanks to Yu Hong, more and more young girls fall in love with soccer and sports. 1．A．sports B．poems C．speech D．housework 2．A．pretty B．funny C．strong D．lucky 3．A．soccer B．tennis C．volleyball D．basketball 4．A．good B．busy C．quiet D．outgoing 5．A．cook B．nurse C．cleaner D．leader 6．A．ate B．slept C．walked D．practiced 7．A．like B．miss C．finish D．remember 8．A．shy B．angry C．moved D．tired 9．A．hated B．believed C．forgot D．answered 10．A．if B．but C．until D．since 11．A．because of B．instead of C．in need of D．in control of 12．A．less B．harder C．worse D．higher 13．A．stand up B．wake up C．give up D．stay up 14．A．watch B．start C．win D．report 15．A．young B．old C．middle D．slim 二、培优练习题 When I was in third grade, my family and I took on an unforgettable trip across the country. It turned out to be more than just a/an 16 journey; it was a journey of discovery into our 17 . Every day, Dad 18 us with his trusty road map. Mom, the heart of our family, shared folk tales and painted pictures about the upcoming 19 . We went through diverse 20 from the thick forests to the vast deserts of the West. One day, while hiking through the Grand Canyon, I 21 a particularly rough path. Frightened, I 22 , not knowing how to continue. That’s when my parents 23 . As Dad showed me footholds, Mom coached me with calming 24 and reminded me of the breathtaking views that lay ahead. Then, I 25 the confidence as my feet 26 solid ground again. When I finally overcame my fear, I felt we became 27 as a family. From then on, every evening, we’d gather around a campfire for what we 28 called “Family Reflection Time”. During these sessions, we’d share laughs, 29 , and insights from the day’s experiences. The trip taught me that the true meaning of travel isn’t merely about reaching the destination but about the personal growth that happens on the route, and the family bonds formed when facing 30 together. 16．A．awkward B．physical C．creative D．necessary 17．A．relationships B．potentials C．dreams D．inspirations 18．A．guided B．encouraged C．requested D．attracted 19．A．events B．stations C．locations D．shows 20．A．cultures B．landscapes C．groups D．countries 21．A．imagined B．recognized C．advanced D．faced 22．A．froze B．flew C．fell D．forgot 23．A．worked out B．stood aside C．stepped in D．turned back 24．A．words B．worries C．noises D．thoughts 25．A．lost B．kept C．proved D．regained 26．A．left B．broke C．found D．dug 27．A．nicer B．tougher C．braver D．closer 28．A．formally B．warmly C．frequently D．simply 29．A．goals B．conflicts C．tears D．profits 30．A．challenges B．honors C．adventures D．errors 1 / 12 zxxk.com 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 衔接点23 完形填空三大设题焦点揭秘 初中视角 高中展望 初中完形填空文章多以记叙文为主,话题贴近学生生活,涵盖了校园生活、家庭生活、人际交往、自我完善、人生态度、人物经历、励志故事和人生感悟等。挖空点主要有10个空，部分地区15个空。 高中英语完形填空，语篇较长，说明文或夹叙夹议居多，挖空点15个。备选项以实词为主；命题主要思路：语义优先于语法原则；上下文语境分析原则。 衔接引导 初中阶段考查形式：备选项侧重以实词为主，主要以名词、动词、形容词为多、少量涉及副词、连词、介词短语及动词短语辨析。 高中阶段考查形式：备选项以实词为主，涉及名、动、形、副四类词，有时亦会考察逻辑衔接词或短语，突出词汇等选项在语境及篇章结构环境下的最优匹配。 【初中考点聚焦】 【题型解读】 初中完形填空一般以记叙文或夹叙夹议文为主，主题语境包括人与自我，人与社会，人与自然。侧重考查在具体语境中运用词汇知识的能力，降低了对单词本身用法的考查，少量数词生义和一词多义的考查。选材内容源于真实生活，以人物思想和行为为中心，体现理性思维，人文情怀、参与社会的人文素养等正能量；以时间或空间的变化为线索，按事件的发生、发展和结束来展开叙述；时态上多以一般过去时为主，其他时态为辅。 【解题策略】 · 上下文推理题：从整体角度考虑，结合上下文语境才能判断出最佳答案。 · 逻辑推理题：注意对文章内容进行逻辑分析、推理判断。理解上下文的内在关联和连贯意义。 · 词汇复现题：有些答案是会在上下文中重复出现的，关注语境，读懂题意，选出答案。 · 生活常识题：注意文化背景和生活常识，利用上下文线索,分析句子的关系。 · 语境推断题：注意对文章发生的背景，所处环境进行分析，进而理解语境，利用上下文线索，找到关键提示词或句子，选出答案。 · 固定搭配题：注意英语中的固定搭配、习惯用语及短语的运用。 【典例诠释】（体裁：记叙文） 阅读下面短文，从短文后每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 Twelve years ago, doctors told Cai Lu he would never walk again. Now, the 34-year-old has 1 them wrong—not only by walking, but also by running a prosthetics (假肢) company. Cai’s life journey changed because of a terrible 2 in 2014. His right leg was cut off at once, and his left leg was broken. He fell into a 35-day coma (昏迷). For three years, doctors tried hard to 3 his left leg, but each small improvement was followed by another 4 operation. In late 2017, Cai made an unbelievable choice: he asked doctors to remove his left leg. “It wasn’t 5 ,” he said. “I just couldn’t keep lying to myself.” The decision brought him “complete freedom”. In 2018, Cai started using prosthetics and relearned to walk. He tried different jobs, yet all ended in 6 . Taking his mother’s advice to slow down, he attended training programs and won a national championship in tea art in 2023. That 7 gave him the confidence to found a prosthetics company the same year. He cared more about the disadvantaged groups and about 40 percent of his workers are 8 . As a prosthetic user himself, he understood users’ pain points. His products are quite popular and some of his 9 include many famous stars like Jiang Yuyan, who won seven gold medals at the Paris 2024 Summer Paralympic Games (残奥会). Cai has also followed his athletic dream, joining China’s first disabled golf team in 2025. What interests him most is to travel as a(an) 10 speaker, who often shares his belief: “Keep being brave.” 1．A．judged B．proved C．realized D．believed 2．A．accident B．birth C．meeting D．business 3．A．find B．train C．change D．save 4．A．careful B．successful C．painful D．helpful 5．A．speeding up B．giving up C．standing up D．making up 6．A．silence B．danger C．doubt D．failure 7．A．achievement B．suggestion C．treatment D．satisfaction 8．A．strong B．experienced C．disabled D．healthy 9．A．drivers B．visitors C．guests D．customers 10．A．shocking B．encouraging C．interesting D．relaxing 【答案】 1．B 2．A 3．D 4．C 5．B 6．D 7．A 8．C 9．D 10．B 【导语】本文讲述蔡鲁因事故截肢后，不仅重新行走，还创办假肢公司帮助弱势群体，并成为励志演讲者的感人故事。 【详解】1．句意：现在，34岁的他证明了他们是错的——不仅能走路，还经营着一家假肢公司。 根据“them wrong”及后文他成功的事实，固定搭配prove sb. wrong意为“证明某人错了”，他用行动反驳了医生的预言，proved“证明”符合语境。judged“评判”；realized“意识到”；believed“相信”无法构成符合逻辑的搭配。 2．句意：蔡的人生旅程因2014年的一场可怕事故而改变。 根据后文“右腿被截肢，左腿骨折”及“昏迷35天”可知，这是一场严重的意外事故，accident符合语境。birth、meeting、business均不符合导致身体重伤的逻辑。 3．句意：三年来，医生努力挽救他的左腿，但每次小改善后都跟着另一次痛苦的手术。 根据后文他最终选择切除左腿可知，之前医生是试图保住这条腿，save意为“挽救、保全”，符合医生治疗的目的。find“发现”；train“训练”；change“改变”不符合医疗救治的语境。 4．句意：三年来，医生努力挽救他的左腿，但每次小改善后都跟着另一次痛苦的手术。 根据前文治疗过程艰难且最终他选择切除，说明手术过程并不顺利且带来折磨，painful符合患者经历多次手术的感受。careful“小心的”；successful“成功的”；helpful“有帮助的”与最终切除腿的结局逻辑不符。 5．句意：他说：“这不是放弃。” 切除腿看似是停止治疗(放弃)，但他认为这是为了获得自由。根据“lying to myself”可知他在否定消极的看法，giving up符合语境。speeding up“加速”；standing up“站起来”；making up“编造”无法体现这种心理抉择的逻辑。 6．句意：他尝试不同工作，但都以失败告终。 根据“yet”表示转折，以及后文他听从建议慢下来参加培训可知，之前的尝试不顺利，end in failure为常见搭配，意为“以失败告终”。silence“沉默”；danger“危险”；doubt“怀疑”不符合求职受挫的语境。 7．句意：那个成就给了他同年创办假肢公司的信心。 此处指代前文“won a national championship in tea art”，获得冠军属于一种成就，achievement“成就”符合语境。suggestion“建议”；treatment“治疗”；satisfaction“满意”不能准确概括获奖这一事件。 8．句意：他更关心弱势群体，约40%的员工是残疾人。 根据前文“cares more about the disadvantaged groups”及他自身是假肢使用者可知，他雇佣残疾人，disabled符合帮助弱势群体的主题。strong“强壮的”；experienced“有经验的”；healthy“健康的”与关爱弱势群体的逻辑不符。 9．句意：他的产品很受欢迎，一些顾客包括像蒋裕燕这样的明星。 根据前文他经营公司且产品受欢迎，购买产品的人即为顾客，customers符合商业交易的逻辑。drivers“司机”；visitors“游客”；guests“客人”不符合购买假肢产品的身份。 10．句意：他最感兴趣的是作为一名励志演讲者旅行，分享信念：“保持勇敢。” 根据分享的内容“Keep being brave”可知，他的演讲旨在激励他人，encouraging符合励志演讲者的特征。shocking“震惊的”；interesting“有趣的”；relaxing“放松的”无法体现传递勇气和信念的目的。 【高中考点聚焦】 课标解读 高中英语完形填空，语篇较长，记叙文为主，说明文或议论文为辅，挖空点15个。不仅考查学生对词汇、语法等基础知识的综合运用能力，而且考查学生的逻辑推理和篇章结构理解能力。历年完形填空选材科学，结构清晰，主题明显，但文章阅读难易度指数(Readability)一般较大，区分度高，是历年高考得分率较低的题型之一。备选项以实词为主，涉及名、动、形、副四类词，有时亦会考察逻辑衔接词或短语，突出词汇等选项在语境及篇章结构环境下的最优匹配。命题主要思路：语义优先于语法原则；上下文语境分析原则。 考点清单 【从命题角度剖析完形填空考点设置】 完形填空命题分为句内层次、句组层次、语篇层次三级考点，难度逐级上升，线索查找范围由单句内部→前后相邻意群→全文整体脉络，下面结合各地高一英语试题，每个考点选取 3 道典型例题，附原句翻译、考点匹配说明、完整解题逻辑解析。 · 考点一：[句内层次题]　 完形填空文章的上下文之间以及句子内部之间往往有着一定的逻辑关系，它使句子的各个成分之间形成一定的对应关系。考生可以根据这种逻辑关系找出与未知填空相对应的已知成分，将它作为线索，通过它推断出未知填空的答案。 命题逻辑 线索全部集中在同一个句子内部，依靠句内修饰、并列、转折、因果、固定搭配、主谓 / 动宾对应、介词短语限定等逻辑锁定答案，无需跳出本句寻找信息。 例题 1（素材湖北高一月考第 1 空） 原题句子 While the teacher was 1 his business, Bella was invited to wait for him in the art room. A．concerned about B．disappointed at C．ashamed of D．occupied with 句子翻译 当老师忙于处理自己的事务时，贝拉被安排到美术室等候他。 考点匹配：句内层次题 线索完全在本句后半句 Bella was invited to wait for him（贝拉要等老师），句内逻辑直接推出：老师没空，正在忙工作。 详细解析 1. 句内因果逻辑：后半句 “贝拉等候老师” 是结果，前半句空格为原因，说明老师无暇陪同； 2. 短语辨析： 1. be occupied with 忙于……，贴合句内 “老师有事、学生等候” 的对应关系； 2. concerned about 担忧、disappointed at 失望、ashamed of 羞愧，在本句内部找不到任何情绪类线索支撑； 3. 线索仅存在本句，不用看前后段落，属于典型句内层次题。 例题 2（素材福建厦门开学考第 19 空） 原题句子 Trying to get the perfect shot, he kept changing the 19 of the camera. A．angel B．eagle C．angle D．edge 句子翻译 为拍出完美的照片，他不停地调整相机的拍摄角度。 考点匹配：句内层次题 线索为本句开头目的状语 Trying to get the perfect shot（拍出完美照片），句内动宾搭配直接锁定答案。 详细解析 1. 句内目的与动作对应：想要拍好照片，对应的动作是调整相机拍摄角度； 2. 单词词义区分：angel 天使、eagle 鹰、edge 边缘均和拍照无关；angle 表示 “角度”，the angle of the camera 相机角度，是本句内部固定搭配； 3. 无需参考下一句内容，仅凭单句信息即可作答，属于句内层次。 例题 3（素材山西吕梁高一阶段练习第 37 空） 原题句子 Skin cancer does have cures and it is 37 in most cases. A．preventable B．complex C．deadly D．treatable 句子翻译 皮肤癌确实有对应的治疗方案，大多数情况下是可以医治的。 考点匹配：句内层次题 句内并列连词 and 连接前后两个分句，前半句 does have cures（有治愈方法）是直接线索，同句内并列逻辑推答案。 详细解析 1. 句内并列逻辑：and 表顺承，前后语义一致；前半句 “有治愈手段”，后半句对应 “可治疗的”； 2. 词义排除：preventable 可预防的（原文未提预防）、complex 复杂的、deadly 致命的，均和前半句 “有疗法” 语义冲突；treatable 可治疗的，与have cures句内同义呼应； 3. 线索局限在本句，无需跨句查找，属于句内层次题。 · 考点二：[句组层次题]　 比句内层次题稍难一级的题目，其解题信息分布在空格前后的一组意群之中，解题时需前瞻后顾，综合意群信息解答。即：本句信息不足填，空格前后再找信息源。 命题逻辑 单一句子信息不足以推出答案，解题线索分布在空格前后紧邻的几句（同一意群、相邻两句），需要整合前后短句信息综合判断，线索范围为空格前后 1-2 句话，不涉及全文主旨。 例题 1（素材安徽马鞍山开学考第 6、7 空，选取第 7 空） 原文句组（相邻两句） I dropped Kristil in a 6 community for a birthday party surrounded by all the nice things that we couldn’t 7. I drove home feeling sad. 7．A．remember B．afford C．find D．appreciate 句子翻译 我把克里斯蒂尔送到一个富裕社区参加生日派对，那里摆满了我们负担不起的精美物品。我开车回家，满心难过。 考点匹配：句组层次题 仅看空格所在句无法确定，需要结合前一句wealthy community富裕社区、后一句feeling sad难过两组相邻句子信息综合判断。 详细解析 1. 单句局限：只看 “all the nice things” 精美物品，四个选项语法都通顺，无法区分； 2. 整合前后句组线索： ① 前一句线索：社区 wealthy 富裕，暗示 “我” 家境普通； ② 后一句线索：回家后心情 sad 难过，侧面说明那些好物不属于自己； 3. 词义匹配：afford 表示 “负担得起”，couldn’t afford买不起，同时契合 “富裕社区 + 内心难过” 两句信息；其余单词无法同时满足前后两句逻辑； 4. 线索集中在相邻两句构成的意群，属于句组层次题。 例题 2（素材湖北高一期中第 6 空） 原文句组（前后紧邻三句） Suddenly a young man entered, talking loudly to himself. He threw a quick look at Bella and headed for the piano... Bella assumed he was a patient because she found clear signs of 6 in his voice and the waving of his arms. 6．A．madness B．happiness C．sadness D．calmness 句子翻译 突然一个年轻人走进来，大声自言自语。他瞥了贝拉一眼，走向钢琴…… 贝拉认定他是病人，因为她从他的语气和挥舞的手臂中看到明显的疯狂迹象。 考点匹配：句组层次题 空格线索不在单句内，需要整合前两句 “大声自言自语、挥舞手臂” 的行为描述，才能推出贝拉的判断。 详细解析 1. 单句局限：只看本句 “signs in his voice and waving arms”，无法判断情绪； 2. 整合前两句意群线索：年轻人独自大声说话、手不停挥舞，在贝拉（准精神病医生）视角里是反常、失控的表现； 3. 词义筛选：madness 疯狂符合一系列反常动作；happiness 开心、sadness 悲伤、calmness 冷静均无法匹配前文自言自语、挥舞手臂的行为； 4. 线索存在于空格前相邻两句，属于句组层次题。 例题 3（素材河南焦作开学考第 47 空） 原文句组 He gradually noted the kids were glued to tablets and cell phones when they came to the barbershop. It was 47 to cut their hair when they were focused on those. 47．A．safe B．hard C．possible D．pleasant 句子翻译 他渐渐发现孩子们来理发时总盯着平板和手机。当他们注意力全放在电子产品上时，很难给他们剪头发。 考点匹配：句组层次题 空格所在句信息不足，必须依靠前一句glued to tablets and cell phones紧盯电子产品的描述推理。 详细解析 1. 单句局限：单独看 “to cut their hair” 剪头发，四个形容词语法都成立，无判断依据； 2. 前句线索支撑：孩子全程沉迷电子设备，乱动、不配合，自然让理发这件事变得困难； 3. 逻辑匹配：hard 困难的；safe 安全的、possible 可能的、pleasant 愉快的均和 “孩子沉迷手机” 的前置信息矛盾； 4. 解题需要结合紧邻前一句完整意群，属于句组层次题。 · 考点三：【语篇层次题】 语篇层次题要求考生理解整篇文章，抓住全文的脉络、作者的思想、意图或主人公的心理，然后进行准确的推理、判断，从而做出正确的选择。这类题难度较大，一篇完形填空中，大约有2～3道此类题。不急于解答，读完全文后综合思维再做判定。语篇层次题的解答必须立足于整个语篇，因此在解题时对这类题目不能急于解答，要跨越段落，顺藤摸瓜，仔细比对，最终得出答案。具体来说，可以利用以下3种方法解答此类题目。 命题逻辑 单句、相邻句组均无完整线索，必须通读全文，依托文章主旨、人物完整心理变化、全文首尾呼应、故事整体反转 / 中心道理才能作答，需要跨越段落、整合全文信息，一篇完形仅 2-3 道，建议通读完整篇再回头做。 例 题 1（素材湖北高一期中最后一空 15） 原文结尾句 + 全文主旨 Hasty (草率的) conclusions too often turn out to be 15 and put one in a foolish position. Avoid them. 15．A．false B．obvious C．similar D．fruitless 句子翻译 草率得出的结论往往都是错误的，还会让人陷入尴尬可笑的境地。切勿妄下定论。 考点匹配：语篇层次题 线索不在单句、相邻段落，需要整合全文完整故事反转情节才能得出答案。 详细解析 1. 局部信息局限：只看本句或最后一段，无法确定草率结论的属性； 2. 全文整体脉络梳理（跨段落提取信息）： ① 前半段：贝拉仅凭年轻人自言自语、乱弹钢琴，主观判定对方是精神病患者； ② 中段反转：发现对方佩戴调音耳机，身份是钢琴调音师，贝拉判断完全出错； ③ 后半段二次反转：调音师又误以为独自待着的贝拉是无人看管的病人； ④ 全文核心故事：两人都仅凭片面表象草率下判断，结果全部判断失误； 3. 主旨匹配：全文通过双重误会，揭示 “仓促结论是错误的” 这一道理；false 错误的贴合全文故事；obvious 明显的、similar 相似的、fruitless 徒劳的均无法概括全文两段误会的核心； 4. 必须通读完整篇、把握全文叙事反转与中心思想才能解题，属于典型语篇层次题。 例题 2（素材福建厦门开学考最后一空 30） 原文结尾句 + 全文中心 So just remember, we can’t throw away the 30 because of its core. 30．A．banana B．object C．item D．apple 句子翻译 所以请记住，我们不能因为果核就扔掉整个苹果（不能因噎废食）。 考点匹配：语篇层次题 仅看本句只能看到 core（果核），但无法锁定水果；需要结合全文父亲的观点、完整故事主旨才能确定。 详细解析 1. 局部局限：单句只有 core 一词，四个名词都能搭配，无区分度； 2. 全文整体语篇线索（跨段落整合）： ① 故事主线：作者在巴黎被假扮拍照的当地人强行收费，心生愤怒； ② 父亲全程观点：不能因为一次糟糕的经历，就否定所有人的善意；后文又提到途中遇到大量热心本地人提供帮助； ③ 文末比喻逻辑：父亲用谚语类比这件事，apple苹果才有果核 core，对应 “不因一点瑕疵否定全部善意” 的全文中心； 3. 词义排除：banana 香蕉无核；object 物品、item 物件过于宽泛，不符合谚语固定喻体；只有 apple 贴合全文比喻式主旨； 4. 需要梳理故事完整情节 + 作者最终感悟，属于语篇层次题。 例题 3（素材山东泰安阶段练习第 20 空） 原文尾句 + 全文完整人物线 I’m now fifty years old, and live 20. When I watched the various awards I received on the walls in my office, a contented smile appeared on my face. 20．A．poorly B．cautiously C．bitterly D．happily 句子翻译 如今我已经五十岁，过得十分幸福。看着办公室墙上挂满我斩获的各类奖项，我脸上露出满足的笑容。 考点匹配：语篇层次题 仅凭尾段两句只能看出 “有奖项、微笑”，完整逻辑需要串联全文人物成长脉络（跨段落信息）。 详细解析 1. 局部局限：只看尾段，只能知道作者获奖，但无法深刻判断生活状态； 2. 全文完整人物脉络（整篇语篇线索）： ① 开篇：19 岁被迫遵从父母意愿学习化学，课堂枯燥，内心毫无兴趣； ② 中段：教授点醒他追随热爱，自我反思发现自己热爱钢琴，转学音乐； ③ 结尾：多年后收获无数音乐奖项，内心满足； 3. 全文主旨：追随内心热爱，最终收获圆满人生；happily 幸福地完美呼应全文人物前后境遇对比；poorly 穷困地、cautiously 谨慎地、bitterly 痛苦地和全文结局完全相悖； 4. 解题必须串联文章从头到尾的人物经历与心理变化，依托整篇语篇立意作答，属于语篇层次题。 一、完形填空（记叙文） Years ago when I was in my late teens, some friends and I went on a trip to Killington, Vermont. 1 , I came from the city where traffic, buildings, and a fast pace of life were all I 2 . I had never been to Vermont before and I remembered being excited that I was going to experience something 3 . By the time we 4 , it wasn’t until sometime after dinner. We were expecting the 5 be at least three to four hours until we got there. As we got closer to our destination, it started to 6 . I felt very 7 as we drove up and down the hills in nearly stormy conditions, and I didn’t 8 my surroundings because it was so dark and snowy. When we finally arrived at the hotel it was late and I was thankful we had 9 it there safely. The next morning when I 10 , the sun was shining through the curtains (窗帘) — after driving in such 11 the night before it was now all sunshine. When I opened the curtain, I was shocked. I had never 12 to see such a beautiful mountain right in front of me. All weekend I admired the mountains and wildlife surrounding me. And that’s when I became 13 by the beauty of nature. Years later, I am enjoying nature even more. I admire and appreciate it in a whole 14 way. Now I’m finding scary things like insects 15 instead of being afraid of them. 1．A．Before long B．At that time C．As usual D．In that case 2．A．explored B．provided C．focused D．knew 3．A．different B．unpleasant C．similar D．positive 4．A．left B．arrived C．returned D．reached 5．A．walk B．rest C．spot D．drive 6．A．rain B．cloud C．snow D．fog 7．A．anxious B．excited C．confused D．curious 8．A．raise B．compare C．notice D．remember 9．A．finished B．made C．challenged D．improved 10．A．got out B．cheered up C．headed for D．woke up 11．A．confidence B．darkness C．detail D．advance 12．A．prepared B．accepted C．expected D．ordered 13．A．concerned B．alarmed C．annoyed D．attracted 14．A．strange B．new C．responsible D．normal 15．A．advanced B．awkward C．amazing D．dangerous 【答案】 1．B 2．D 3．A 4．A 5．D 6．C 7．A 8．C 9．B 10．D 11．B 12．C 13．D 14．B 15．C 【导语】文章主要讲述了作者青少年时期的一次旅行经历，以及这次经历是如何影响作者对大自然的看法和态度。 【详解】1．考查固定短语。句意：在那个时候，我来自城市，车流、高楼以及快节奏的生活就是我所熟知的一切。A. Before long不久以后；B. At that time在那时；C. As usual像往常一样；D. In that case既然那样。根据前文“Years ago when I was in my late teens”可知，文章回忆多年前的出行往事，此处指代当时的处境。 2．考查动词。句意：在那个时候，我来自城市，车流、高楼以及快节奏的生活就是我所熟知的一切。A. explored探索；B. provided提供；C. focused聚焦；D. knew熟知，了解。根据前文“I came from the city”以及后文“I had never been to Vermont before”可知，作者从未去过佛蒙特州，一直生活在城市里，只熟悉城市的生活环境。 3．考查形容词。句意：我从前从没去过佛蒙特州，还记得当时十分兴奋，即将体验不一样的事物。A. different不同的；B. unpleasant令人不快的；C. similar相似的；D. positive积极的。根据前文“I came from the city”以及“I had never been to Vermont before”可知，作者长期生活在城市，首次前往山地地区，将要经历和城市截然不同的景致。 4．考查动词。句意：我们晚饭过后许久才动身出发。A. left出发，动身；B. arrived到达；C. returned返回；D. reached抵达。根据后文“until we got there”以及“As we got closer to our destination”可知，一行人还在路上没有抵达目的地，说明此处是出发时间很晚。 5．考查名词。句意：我们预估驾车至少还要三到四个小时才能抵达目的地。A. walk步行；B. rest休息；C. spot地点；D. drive车程。根据后文“as we drove up and down the hills”可知，一行人是开车前往目的地，此处指驾车路程。 6．考查动词。句意：随着我们离目的地越来越近，天开始下雪了。A. rain下雨；B. cloud云层密布；C. snow下雪；D. fog起雾。根据后文“it was so dark and snowy”可知，原文出现snowy，能够确定当时下起了雪。 7．考查形容词。句意：我们在近乎暴风雨的天气里驾车翻山越岭时，我内心万分焦虑；天色漆黑，大雪纷飞，我根本无暇留意周遭景物。A. anxious焦虑的；B. excited激动的；C. confused困惑的；D. curious好奇的。根据后文“drove up and down the hills in nearly stormy conditions”可知，风雪交加的山路上行车条件恶劣，作者内心忐忑焦虑。 8．考查动词。句意：我们在近乎暴风雨的天气里驾车翻山越岭时，我内心万分焦虑；天色漆黑，大雪纷飞，我根本无暇留意周遭景物。A. raise举起；B. compare对比；C. notice留意，注意到；D. remember记得。根据后文“it was so dark and snowy”可知，黑暗和大雪遮挡视线，没办法留意四周景物。 9．考查动词。句意：我们最终抵达酒店时天色已晚，我很庆幸我们平安赶到了这里。A. finished完成；B. made成功抵达；C. challenged挑战；D. improved改善。根据前文“When we finally arrived at the hotel it was late”可知，作者他们成功到达了酒店，固定搭配make it表示“成功到达某地”，符合平安抵达酒店的语境。 10．考查动词短语。句意：第二天早上我醒来时，阳光透过窗帘洒了进来——前一天晚上在黑暗中开车，而现在却是阳光明媚。A. got out离开；B. cheered up振作起来；C. headed for前往；D. woke up醒来。根据前文“The next morning”以及后文“the sun was shining through the curtains”可知，清晨睡醒之后才能看到阳光透过窗帘的景象。 11．考查名词。句意：第二天早上我醒来时，阳光透过窗帘洒了进来——前一天晚上在黑暗中开车，而现在却是阳光明媚。A. confidence信心；B. darkness黑暗；C. detail细节；D. advance提前。根据前文“it was so dark and snowy”可知，昨夜行车时四周漆黑一片，和次日晴天形成鲜明对比。 12．考查动词。句意：我从来没有预料到眼前会出现这样一座秀美的山峰。A. prepared准备；B. accepted接受；C. expected预料；D. ordered订购。根据前文“I was shocked”可知，眼前壮丽山景让作者大为震惊，说明美景完全超出预想。 13．考查形容词。句意：就在那一刻，我被大自然的美景深深吸引。A. concerned担忧的；B. alarmed惊慌的；C. annoyed恼怒的；D. attracted被吸引的。根据前文“All weekend I admired the mountains and wildlife surrounding me”可知，作者全程观赏自然风光，被自然美景牢牢吸引。 14．考查形容词。句意：多年以后，我愈发喜爱大自然，用一种全新的角度去欣赏和珍视它。A. strange奇怪的；B. new全新的；C. responsible负责任的；D. normal普通的。根据全文内容可知，这一次的旅行对作者而言是一种全新的体验，由此可知，作者以全新的方式欣赏自然。 15．考查形容词。句意：如今就连昆虫这类曾经让我害怕的事物，我也觉得十分奇妙，不再畏惧它们。A. advanced先进的；B. awkward尴尬的；C. amazing奇妙的；D. dangerous危险的。根据后文“instead of being afraid of them”可知，作者不再惧怕昆虫，转而觉得昆虫十分奇妙有趣。 二、完形填空（说明文） How to Improve Reading Skills Set Aside Time Each Day Most of us can find 15 minutes or half an hour each day for some 16 regular activity. For example, one famous surgeon always 17 it a rule to spend at least 15 minutes on general reading before sleeping each day. 18 he went to bed at 10 p.m. or 2:30 a.m. 19 no difference. Check Your Progress Through Pacing Nearly all “speedy reading” courses have a “pacing” element — some timing 20 which lets you know how many words a minute you are reading. You can do this 21 by looking at your watch every 5 or 10 minutes and noting down the page number you have 22 . Check Your Understanding Obviously there is little 23 in increasing your reading speed if you do not understand what you are reading. If you find you have lost the 24 of the story, reread the section. Lightning Speed Exercise Take four or five pages of an interesting book and read them as fast as you 25 can. Do not 26 about whether you understand or not. After a “lightning speed” of reading, you’ll find your “normal” speed has 27 . Pay Attention to the Organization of an Article Most paragraphs in an article have a(n) “ 28 sentence” which expresses the central ideas. The opening paragraph often suggests the general direction and content of the piece, while paragraphs that follow 29 or support the first. The 30 paragraph often summarizes the very essence of what has been said. 16．A．strange B．athletic C．classic D．specific 17．A．finds B．takes C．makes D．thinks 18．A．When B．Whether C．What D．Where 19．A．made B．counted C．took D．put 20．A．advice B．device C．concise D．diverse 21．A．only B．wholly C．seriously D．simply 22．A．achieved B．reached C．memorized D．reviewed 23．A．point B．reason C．purpose D．rule 24．A．line B．detail C．spirit D．thread 25．A．probably B．possibly C．likely D．obviously 26．A．confuse B．disappoint C．reflect D．worry 27．A．increased B．decreased C．dropped D．stayed 28．A．typical B．developing C．topic D．ironic 29．A．extend B．expand C．explain D．exhibit 30．A．first B．related C．best D．closing 【答案】 16．D 17．C 18．B 19．A 20．B 21．D 22．B 23．A 24．D 25．B 26．D 27．A 28．C 29．B 30．D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍五种切实可行的阅读技巧，帮助读者系统地提升阅读能力。 16．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我们大多数人每天都能抽出15分钟或半小时做一些特定的常规活动。A. strange奇怪的；B. athletic运动的；C. classic经典的；D. specific特定的。根据下文“For example, one famous surgeon always ____ it a rule to spend at least 15 minutes on general reading before sleeping each day.”可知，此处指做一些特定的常规活动。故选D。 17．考查动词词义辨析。句意：例如，一位著名的外科医生总是规定每天睡觉前至少花15分钟进行一般阅读。A. finds找到；B. takes服用；C. makes使成为；D. thinks认为。根据“to spend at least 15 minutes on general reading before sleeping each day.”可知，此处指把每天睡觉前至少花15分钟进行一般阅读定为常规，固定搭配make it a rule“制定规则，作为常例”符合语境。故选C。 18．考查连词词义辨析。句意：他是晚上10点上床还是凌晨2点30分上床，没有什么影响。A. When何时；B. Whether是否；C. What什么；D. Where在哪里。根据上文“a rule to spend at least 15 minutes on general reading before sleeping each day”以及下文“he went to bed at 10 p.m. or 2:30 a.m.”可知，此处把每天睡觉前至少花15分钟进行一般阅读定为常规，晚上10点上床还是凌晨2点30分上床，没有什么区别。固定句型whether ... or ...“是……还是……，不管……还是……”符合语境。故选B。 19．考查动词词义辨析。句意：他是晚上10点上床还是凌晨2点30分上床，没有什么影响。A. made造成；B. counted计数；C. took服用；D. put放。根据上文“a rule to spend at least 15 minutes on general reading before sleeping each day”以及下文“no difference”可知，此处指把睡觉前至少花15分钟进行一般阅读定为常规，晚上10点上床还是凌晨2点30分上床，没有影响，make no difference“没有影响，没有关系”是固定搭配。故选A。 20．考查名词及形容词词义辨析。句意：几乎所有的“快速阅读”课程都有一个“节奏”元素——一些计时装置可以让你知道你一分钟读了多少单词。A. advice建议；B. device装置；C. concise简明的；D. diverse不同的。根据下文“which lets you know how many words a minute you are reading.”可知，此处指计时装置。故选B。 21．考查副词词义辨析。句意：你可以简单地每隔5到10分钟看一下手表，记下你读到的页码。A. only仅仅；B. wholly完全地；C. seriously认真地；D. simply简单地。根据下文“by looking at your watch every 5 or 10 minutes”可知，此处指你可以简单地每隔5到10分钟看一下手表。故选D。 22．考查动词词义辨析。句意：你可以简单地每隔5到10分钟看一下手表，记下你读到的页码。A. achieved实现；B. reached达到（特定的水平或数量）；C. memorized记住；D. reviewed复习。根据上文“noting down the page number”可知，此处指你读到的页码。故选B。 23．考查名词词义辨析。句意：显然，如果你不理解你所读的内容，提高阅读速度是没有意义的。A. point意义；B. reason原因；C. purpose目的；D. rule规则。根据下文“if you do not understand what you are reading.”及常识可知，这样的阅读是没有意义的。故选A。 24．考查名词词义辨析。句意：如果你发现你失去了故事的线索，再读一遍这一部分。A. line线路；B. detail细节；C. spirit精神；D. thread线索。根据下文“of the story, reread the section”及常识可知，此处指如果你没有理解故事的线索，就再读一遍。故选D。 25．考查副词词义辨析。句意：拿一本有趣的书里的四五页内容，尽你所能快速阅读。A. probably几乎肯定，很可能；B. possibly可能地；C. likely可能的；D. obviously显然地。此处应用副词，修饰动词，根据小标题“Lightning Speed Exercise”以及下文“After a “lightning speed” of reading, you’ll find your “normal” speed has ____”，可知主要阐述快速阅读训练，此处表示“尽可能快速阅读”，应用possibly，并且as fast as you possibly can为固定搭配，意为“尽你所能地快”。故选B。 26．考查动词词义辨析。句意：不要为你是否理解而烦恼。A. confuse使困惑；B. disappoint使失望；C. reflect反思；D. worry(使)担心，发愁。根据上文“Take four or five pages of an interesting book and read them as fast as you ____ can.”可知，此处指尽可能快地阅读，不要担心是否理解。故选D。 27．考查动词词义辨析。句意：在“闪电般的”阅读之后，你会发现你的“正常”阅读速度提高了。A. increased提高；B. decreased减少；C. dropped下降；D. stayed停留。根据上文“After a “lightning speed” of reading, you’ll find your “normal” speed”及常识可知，经过快速阅读之后，你的“正常”阅读速度会提高。故选A。 28．考查形容词和名词词义辨析。句意：文章中的大多数段落都有一个表达中心思想的“主题句”。A. typical典型的；B. developing发展中的；C. topic主题；D. ironic讽刺的。根据下文“which expresses the central ideas.”可知，此处指主题句。故选C。 29．考查动词词义辨析。句意：开头段落通常暗示文章的大致方向和内容，而后面的段落则扩展或支持第一个段落。A. extend延伸；B. expand扩展；C. explain解释；D. exhibit展示。根据上文“The opening paragraph often suggests the general direction and content of the piece”及下文“or support the first.”可知，后面的段落是第一段的扩展或对第一段进行支持陈述。故选B。 30．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：结尾段落通常会总结所讲内容的精华。A. first第一位的；B. related相关的；C. best最好的；D. closing结尾的。根据下文“often summarizes the very essence of what has been said.”及常识可知，此处指结尾段落。故选D。 一、基础练习题 Yu Hong is from a small village in Guangxi Province. She is the best women’s soccer player in her university. When she was little, she was very good at 1 . She loved to compete against boys who were fast and 2 . This made her a better player. When Yu Hong was 9 years old, she started playing 3 . Her PE teacher thought she was so 4 that he introduced her to the school soccer team. A year later, she was made the 5 of the team because she played the best. She started to push herself more and 6 as much as possible. Yu Hong didn’t 7 any soccer match and went to the sports field every day. Although she was 8 , she worked hard for what she really wanted. Yu Hong 9 that practice makes perfect. So she kept doing the same move 10 she got it right. Yu Hong was the “Best Player of School” for three years 11 her amazing skills. At the age of 18, Yu Hong competed in her last season before graduation. She trained even 12 , and their team won many matches. At last, their team played against Red Star Team. Yu Hong’s team was not playing very well at the start, but they didn’t 13 . They worked well as a team and kept fighting till the last minute. Finally, Yu Hong led her team to 14 the game. Now Yu Hong volunteers to teach   15 girls soccer in her village every summer holiday. She wants them to love sports. She often says, “Everything is possible. Just go for it!” Thanks to Yu Hong, more and more young girls fall in love with soccer and sports. 1．A．sports B．poems C．speech D．housework 2．A．pretty B．funny C．strong D．lucky 3．A．soccer B．tennis C．volleyball D．basketball 4．A．good B．busy C．quiet D．outgoing 5．A．cook B．nurse C．cleaner D．leader 6．A．ate B．slept C．walked D．practiced 7．A．like B．miss C．finish D．remember 8．A．shy B．angry C．moved D．tired 9．A．hated B．believed C．forgot D．answered 10．A．if B．but C．until D．since 11．A．because of B．instead of C．in need of D．in control of 12．A．less B．harder C．worse D．higher 13．A．stand up B．wake up C．give up D．stay up 14．A．watch B．start C．win D．report 15．A．young B．old C．middle D．slim 【答案】 1．A 2．C 3．A 4．A 5．D 6．D 7．B 8．D 9．B 10．C 11．A 12．D 13．C 14．C 15．A 【导语】本文讲述来自广西小村庄的Yu Hong从小热爱运动、刻苦练习足球，一步步成为校足球队队长、校园最佳球员，成年后还回乡志愿教乡村少女踢足球，用自身经历传递坚持拼搏、勇于追梦精神的励志故事。 【详解】1．考查名词。句意：她小时候非常擅长运动。A. sports运动；B. poems诗歌；C. speech演讲；D. housework家务。根据上文“She is the best women’s soccer player in her university.”可知，她擅长的是运动。 2．考查形容词。句意：她喜欢和身手敏捷、体格强壮的男孩子比拼。A. pretty漂亮的；B. funny有趣的；C. strong强壮的；D. lucky幸运的。根据上文“compete against boys who were fast and”以及常识可知，在体育竞技场景中，与女孩相比，男孩在力量方面通常更具优势，再结合她热爱竞争并借此提升自己的表述，strong更能体现与之竞争的男孩的特点。 3．考查名词。句意：Yu Hong 9岁时开始踢足球。A. soccer足球；B. tennis网球；C. volleyball排球；D. basketball篮球。根据下文“he introduced her to the school soccer team”可知，她开始踢的是足球。 4．考查形容词。句意：她的体育老师发现她天赋出众，便把她引荐进了校足球队。A. good好的；B. busy忙的；C. quiet安静的；D. outgoing外向的。根据下文“he introduced her to the school soccer team”可知，老师认为她很优秀才推荐她。 5．考查名词。句意：一年后，她被选为球队的队长，因为她踢得最好。A. cook厨师；B. nurse护士；C. cleaner清洁工；D. leader队长。根据下文“because she played the best”可知，踢得最好的人当队长。 6．考查动词。句意：自此她对自己要求愈发严格，坚持尽可能多地刻苦训练。A. ate吃；B. slept睡；C. walked走；D. practiced练习。根据下文“practice makes perfect”可知，作为运动员要不断练习。 7．考查动词。句意：Yu Hong从未缺席过任何一场足球赛事，每天都会奔赴训练场。A. like喜欢；B. miss错过；C. finish完成；D. remember记得。根据下文“went to the sports field every day”可知，她每天都去训练场，从未缺席比赛。 8．考查形容词。句意：虽然她很累，但她为自己真正想要的东西努力拼搏。A. shy害羞的；B. angry生气的；C. moved感动的；D. tired累的。根据下文“she worked hard for what she really wanted”以及Although表转折可知，这里指坚持每天练习和参加比赛，身体上必然会感到疲惫 9．考查动词。句意：Yu Hong相信熟能生巧。A. hated讨厌；B. believed相信；C. forgot忘记；D. answered回答。根据下文“practice makes perfect”可知，“熟能生巧”是她的信念。 10．考查连词。句意：所以她反复练习同一个动作，直到做对为止。A. if如果；B. but但是；C. until直到；D. since自从。根据下文“she got it right”可知，反复练习直到做对，用until引导时间状语从句。 11．考查介词短语。句意：因为高超的球技，Yu Hong连续三年获评“校园最佳球员”。A. because of因为；B. instead of代替；C. in need of需要；D. in control of控制。根据下文“her amazing skills”可知，获奖的原因是技术好。 12．考查副词。句意：她训练得更加刻苦，所在球队接连拿下多场比赛胜利。A. less更少；B. harder更努力；C. worse更差；D. higher更高。根据下文“their team won many matches” 可知，球队成绩提升，通常成绩提升与训练强度增加相关，所以她应是训练得更刻苦了 13．考查动词短语。句意：Yu Hong的队伍开局踢得并不顺利，但她们没有放弃。A. stand up站起来；B. wake up醒来；C. give up放弃；D. stay up熬夜。根据下文“They worked well as a team and kept fighting till the last minute”可知，她们没有放弃。 14．考查动词。句意：最终，Yu Hong带领球队赢得了比赛。A. watch观看；B. start开始；C. win赢得；D. report报道。根据上文“They worked well as a team and kept fighting till the last minute”可知，上文提到球队一直努力，坚持到最后，这种努力通常会导向积极结果，即赢得比赛。 15．考查形容词。句意：如今，每年暑假，Yu Hong志愿教村里的年轻的女孩踢足球。A. young年轻的；B. old年老的；C. middle中间的；D. slim苗条的。根据下文“Thanks to Yu Hong, more and more young girls fall in love with soccer and sports.”可知，此处是信息词young的词汇复现，指的是教村里的年轻的女孩踢足球。 二、培优练习题 When I was in third grade, my family and I took on an unforgettable trip across the country. It turned out to be more than just a/an 16 journey; it was a journey of discovery into our 17 . Every day, Dad 18 us with his trusty road map. Mom, the heart of our family, shared folk tales and painted pictures about the upcoming 19 . We went through diverse 20 from the thick forests to the vast deserts of the West. One day, while hiking through the Grand Canyon, I 21 a particularly rough path. Frightened, I 22 , not knowing how to continue. That’s when my parents 23 . As Dad showed me footholds, Mom coached me with calming 24 and reminded me of the breathtaking views that lay ahead. Then, I 25 the confidence as my feet 26 solid ground again. When I finally overcame my fear, I felt we became 27 as a family. From then on, every evening, we’d gather around a campfire for what we 28 called “Family Reflection Time”. During these sessions, we’d share laughs, 29 , and insights from the day’s experiences. The trip taught me that the true meaning of travel isn’t merely about reaching the destination but about the personal growth that happens on the route, and the family bonds formed when facing 30 together. 16．A．awkward B．physical C．creative D．necessary 17．A．relationships B．potentials C．dreams D．inspirations 18．A．guided B．encouraged C．requested D．attracted 19．A．events B．stations C．locations D．shows 20．A．cultures B．landscapes C．groups D．countries 21．A．imagined B．recognized C．advanced D．faced 22．A．froze B．flew C．fell D．forgot 23．A．worked out B．stood aside C．stepped in D．turned back 24．A．words B．worries C．noises D．thoughts 25．A．lost B．kept C．proved D．regained 26．A．left B．broke C．found D．dug 27．A．nicer B．tougher C．braver D．closer 28．A．formally B．warmly C．frequently D．simply 29．A．goals B．conflicts C．tears D．profits 30．A．challenges B．honors C．adventures D．errors 【答案】 16．B 17．A 18．A 19．C 20．B 21．D 22．A 23．C 24．A 25．D 26．C 27．D 28．B 29．C 30．A 【导语】文章主要讲述了作者一家进行了一场难忘的全国旅行，这场旅行让整个家庭变得更亲密了，而且这场旅行也让作者懂得了旅行的真正意义。 【详解】16．考查形容词。句意：事实证明，这不仅仅是一次身体上的旅行；这是一次探索我们关系的旅行。A. awkward尴尬的；B. physical身体的；C. creative创造（性）的；D. necessary必要的。根据下文“it was a journey of discovery into our ____”可知，这次旅行还是一次探索发现更深层次东西之旅，由此可知，这不仅仅是一场现实的旅行。 17．考查名词。句意：事实证明，这不仅仅是一次身体上的旅行；这是一次探索我们关系的旅行。A. relationships关系；B. potentials潜力；C. dreams梦想；D. inspirations灵感。根据下文“the family bonds form”可知，这场旅行让家庭关系更亲密了，所以这是一场探索家庭关系的旅行。 18．考查动词。句意：每天，爸爸都用他可靠的路线图给我们引路。A. guided引导（某人至某地）；B. encouraged鼓励；C. requested要求；D. attracted吸引。根据下文“with his trusty road map”可知，爸爸用地图给大家引路。 19．考查名词。句意：妈妈，我们家的核心，分享了关于即将到访的地点的民间故事并画画。A. events事件；B. stations火车站；C. locations地点；D. shows节目。根据上文“the upcoming”和下文中的“We went through diverse ____ from the thick forests to the vast deserts of the West.”可知，这里是说他们即将到访的地点。 20．考查名词。句意：我们经历了从茂密的森林到西部广阔的沙漠的各种景观。A. cultures文化；B. landscapes风景；C. groups组；D. countries国家。根据下文“from the thick forests to the vast deserts of the West”可知，这里是说他们看到的各种各样的景观。 21．考查动词。句意：一天，在大峡谷徒步旅行时，我面临一条特别崎岖的小路。A. imagined想象；B. recognized认出；C. advanced行进；D. faced面对。根据下文“a particularly rough path”和“not knowing how to proceed”可知，作者面临一条特别崎岖的小路，不知道该怎么办。 22．考查动词。句意：我吓坏了，僵住了，不知道该怎么办。A. froze（因害怕等）不动；B. flew飞行；C. fell落下；D. forgot忘记。根据上文“Frightened”可知，作者吓得僵住了。 23．考查动词短语辨析。句意：就在那时我父母介入了。A. worked out解决；B. stood aside站到一边；C. stepped in介入；D. turned back使返回。根据下文“As Dad showed me footholds, Mom coached me with calming ____ and reminded me of the breathtaking views that lay ahead.”可知，父母过来帮助作者，所以是介入了作者所处的困境。 24．考查名词。句意：当爸爸给我看立足点时，妈妈用平静的话语指导我，并提醒我前方的壮丽景色。A. words话语；B. worries担心；C. noises噪音；D. thoughts想法。根据上文“coached me”可知，妈妈用平静的话语指导作者。 25．考查动词。句意：然后，当我的双脚再次站稳脚跟时，我恢复了信心。A. lost失去；B. kept保持；C. proved证明；D. regained恢复。根据上文“Frightened, I ____, not knowing how to proceed. ”和下文“I finally overcame my fear”可知，作者一开始看到这条崎岖小路时吓呆住了，后来在父母的帮助下终于克服了自己的害怕，由此可知，作者重新恢复的信心。 26．考查动词。句意：然后，当我的双脚再次站稳脚跟时，我恢复了信心。A. left离开；B. broke弄坏；C. found找到；D. dug挖。根据上文“Dad showed me footholds”和下文“solid ground again”可知，作者在父母的指导下找到了立足点，双脚找到了结实的地面站稳了。 27．考查形容词。句意：当我终于克服恐惧时，我觉得我们作为一家人变得更亲密了。A. nicer更好的；B. tougher更艰苦的；C. braver更勇敢的；D. closer更亲近的。根据下文“the family bonds form”和空后的“as a family”可知，作者一家人因为共同解决困难后变得更加亲密了。 28．考查副词。句意：从那时起，每天晚上，我们都会聚集在篝火旁，进行我们亲切地称之为“家庭反思时间”的活动。A. formally正式地；B. warmly亲切地；C. frequently频繁地；D. simply仅仅。根据下文“called “Family Reflection Time””并结合语境可知，他们将每晚进行的这个活动称为“家庭回忆时间”，由此可知，他们很喜欢这个活动，很亲切地给它取名字。 29．考查名词。句意：在这些活动中，我们会分享一天的经历带来的欢笑、泪水和见解。A. goals目标；B. conflicts冲突；C. tears泪水；D. profits利润。根据上文“laughs”可知，这里指一天经历的欢乐和泪水。 30．考查名词。句意：这次旅行教会了我，旅行的真正意义不仅仅是到达目的地，而是在旅途中发生的个人成长，以及在共同面对挑战时形成的家庭纽带。A. challenges挑战；B. honors荣誉；C. adventures冒险；D. errors错误。根据上文“facing”并结合上文作者面临崎岖小路时父母给予帮助可知，这里是说一家人一起面对挑战。 1 / 12 zxxk.com 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $