专题11 人教版必修第一册Unit 3 Sports and Fitness 新词预习+主谓一致（结构化知识+题型提升练）2026年暑假新高一英语衔接与突破

2026年暑假新高一英语衔接与突破（结构化知识+题型提升练） 专题11 人教版必修第一册Unit 3 Sports and Fitness新词预习+主谓一致 目录 第一部分 必备知识结构化清单 梳理必备的语言知识点，夯实语言基础能力 第二部分 知识强化题型拓展练 必备知识与能力提升练，提升语言运用能力 ◇Part 01 必备知识结构化清单 新｜词｜预｜习 背诵清单 Ⅰ.核心词汇 1.soccer　　n.足球;足球运动 2.stadium n. 体育场;运动场 3.boxing n.拳击(运动) 4.badminton n.羽毛球运动 5.event n.比赛项目;大事;公开活动 6.ski adj.滑雪的　vi.滑雪 7.host vt. 主办;主持 n.主人;东道主;节目主持人 8.track n.跑道;足迹;铁路轨道 vt.&vi.追踪;跟踪 9.gym n.健身房; 体育馆 10.gymnastics n.体操(训练) 11.sweat vt.使出汗;出汗弄湿 vi.出汗;流汗　n.汗水;出汗 12.legend n.传奇故事(或人物);传说 13.athlete n.运动员;运动健儿 14.master　　n.高手;主人　vt.精通;掌握 15.medal n.奖章; 勋章 16.captain n.(运动队)队长;船长;机长 17.graceful adj.优美的;优雅的 18.pretend vi.&vt.假装;装扮 19.million num.一百万 20.cheat vi.作弊;舞弊 vt.欺骗;蒙骗 n.骗子;欺骗手段 21.audience n.观众;听众 22.positive adj.积极的;正面的;乐观的;肯定的 23.slim adj.苗条的;单薄的 24.diet n.规定饮食;日常饮食 vi.节食 25.rather adv.相当;有点儿 26.push-up n.(especially NAmE) 俯卧撑 27.jog vi.慢跑 n.慢跑 28.error n.错误;差错 Ⅱ.拓展词汇 1.fit adj.健康的,健壮的;合适的→fitness n.健康; 健壮;适合 2.honour n.荣誉;尊敬;荣幸→honourable adj.尊敬的;可敬的 3.glory n.荣誉;光荣;赞美→glorious adj.值得称道的;光荣的;荣耀的 4.determine vt.决定;确定;下定决心→determination n.决心;决定→determined adj.坚决的;有决心的 5.injure vt.使受伤;损害→injury n.伤害;损伤→injured adj. 受伤的;有伤的 6.champion n.冠军;优胜者→championship n.锦标赛;冠军赛;冠军称号 7.strong adj.强壮的;强劲的→strength n.力量;体力→strengthen vt.加强;巩固 8.fail vi.失败;衰退vt.不及格;使失望→failure n.失败;失败的人(或事物) Ⅲ.重点短语 1.come along　　跟随;到达;进步;赶快 2.fall apart 破裂;破碎;崩溃 3.even if /though 即使;虽然 4.now and then 有时;偶尔 5.compare...to /with... 与……比较 6.give up 放弃;投降 7.lose heart 丧失信心;泄气 8.track and field 田径 9.make sense有道理;合乎情理;表述清楚 10.pretend to do sth. 假装做某事 11.make a difference 有作用或影响 12.work out 锻炼;计算出;解决 13.cut...out 停止做(或使用、食用);剪下 14.make it 获得成功;准时到达 15.set an example 树立榜样 16.rather than 而不是 默写清单 Ⅰ.核心词汇 1._________　n.足球;足球运动 2._________ n. 体育场;运动场 3._________ n.拳击(运动) 4._________ n.羽毛球运动 5._________ n.比赛项目;大事;公开活动 6._________ adj.滑雪的　vi.滑雪 7._________ vt. 主办;主持 n.主人;东道主;节目主持人 8._________ n.跑道;足迹;铁路轨道 vt.&vi.追踪;跟踪 9._________ n.健身房; 体育馆 10._________ n.体操(训练) 11._________ vt.使出汗;出汗弄湿 vi.出汗;流汗　n.汗水;出汗 12._________ n.传奇故事(或人物);传说 13._________ n.运动员;运动健儿 14._________　　　n.高手;主人　vt.精通;掌握 15._________ n.奖章; 勋章 16._________ n.(运动队)队长;船长;机长 17._________ adj.优美的;优雅的 18._________ vi.&vt.假装;装扮 19._________ num.一百万 20._________ vi.作弊;舞弊 vt.欺骗;蒙骗 n.骗子;欺骗手段 21._________ n.观众;听众 22._________ adj.积极的;正面的;乐观的;肯定的 23._________ adj.苗条的;单薄的 24._________ n.规定饮食;日常饮食 vi.节食 25._________ adv.相当;有点儿 26._________ n.(especially NAmE) 俯卧撑 27._________ vi.慢跑 n.慢跑 28._________ n.错误;差错 Ⅱ.拓展词汇 1._________ adj.健康的,健壮的;合适的→_________ n.健康; 健壮;适合 2._________ n.荣誉;尊敬;荣幸→_________ adj.尊敬的;可敬的 3._________ n.荣誉;光荣;赞美→_________ adj.值得称道的;光荣的;荣耀的 4._________ vt.决定;确定;下定决心→_________ n.决心;决定→_________ adj.坚决的;有决心的 5._________ vt.使受伤;损害→_________ n.伤害;损伤→_________ adj. 受伤的;有伤的 6._________ n.冠军;优胜者→_________ n.锦标赛;冠军赛;冠军称号 7._________ adj.强壮的;强劲的→_________ n.力量;体力→_________ vt.加强;巩固 8._________ vi.失败;衰退vt.不及格;使失望→_________ n.失败;失败的人(或事物) Ⅲ.重点短语 1._________　　跟随;到达;进步;赶快 2._________ 破裂;破碎;崩溃 3._________ 即使;虽然 4._________ 有时;偶尔 5._________ 与……比较 6._________ 放弃;投降 7._________ 丧失信心;泄气 8._________ 田径 9._________有道理;合乎情理;表述清楚 10._________ 假装做某事 11._________ 有作用或影响 12._________ 锻炼;计算出;解决 13._________ 停止做(或使用、食用);剪下 14._________ 获得成功;准时到达 15._________ 树立榜样 16._________ 而不是 知｜识｜回｜顾 一、语法一致 规则：主语在语法形式上为单数，谓语动词用单数；主语为复数，谓语动词用复数。 1.可数名词单数或不可数名词作主语，谓语动词用单数 Water is important to all living things.水对所有生物都很重要。 The book belongs to my brother.这本书是我弟弟的。 2.可数名词复数作主语，谓语动词用复数 Students take part in after-school activities every day.学生们每天参加课外活动。 3.单数代词（he/she/it/this/that）作主语，谓语动词用单数；复数代词（we/you/they/these/those）作主语，谓语动词用复数 She teaches English in a high school. They plan to travel this summer. 二、意义一致 1.集合名词：family, class, team, government, audience, group ① 表整体组织，谓语单数 The class wins the game. 这个班级赢得了比赛。 ② 表群体里的成员、个体，谓语复数 The class are discussing the plan. 全班同学正在讨论方案。 2.复数概念名词：people, police, cattle，作主语时谓语动词只用复数 The police are searching for the thief.警察正在搜寻小偷。 3.形式单数、意义单数名词：news, physics, maths, politics，作主语谓语动词用单数 Maths is my favourite subject.数学是我最喜欢的科目。 The good news makes us happy.这个好消息让我们很开心。 4.表示时间、金钱、重量、距离等的名词作主语，视为一个整体，谓语动词用单数 Fifty dollars is too expensive for this bag.50美元买这个包太贵了。 Twenty kilometers is not a short walk.二十公里不是一段短路程。 三、就近一致（谓语动词单复数随靠近它的主语而变化） ①连接词：or；either…or；neither…nor；not only…but also ②there be句型 Either you or your sister has to clean the room.要么你，要么你妹妹必须打扫房间。（靠近谓语sister单数，用has） Neither the teachers nor the student knows the secret.老师和学生都不知道这个秘密。 There is a pen and two books on the desk.桌上有一支钢笔和两本书。 ▲注意 1.含有插入成分的句子的主谓一致 规则：真正主语是最前面名词，插入成分不影响谓语。 表示伴随的词：with, together with, as well as, besides, except, rather than 结构：主语 + 插入短语 + 谓语（单复数只看开头主语） My mother together with my two sisters goes shopping every weekend.我妈妈和两个姐姐每周末去购物。（主语mother单数，用goes） All students except Tom finish the homework on time.除了汤姆，所有学生都按时完成作业。（主语students复数，用finish） The teacher as well as his students enjoys reading novels.老师和他的学生都喜欢读小说。 2.不定代词作主语，谓语动词用单数 不定代词：someone, anyone, everyone, nobody, nothing, something, each, every + 名词 Everyone in our class takes part in sports meeting.我们班每个人都参加运动会。 Nothing is impossible if you put your heart into it.只要用心，一切皆有可能。 Each boy has a new dictionary.每个男孩都有一本新词典。 3.and连接两个主语的两种情况 ①and连接两个不同人/事物，表复数概念，谓语动词用复数 Tom and Jack are good friends.汤姆和杰克是好朋友。 ②and连接同一人、同一事物、成套物品（共用一个冠词），谓语单数 The writer and singer is giving a speech now.这位作家兼歌手正在演讲。（同一个人，身兼两职） Bread and butter is my breakfast.黄油面包是我的早餐（成套食物）。 4.定语从句中的主谓一致 ①one of + 复数名词 + 定语从句 → 先行词是复数名词，从句谓语动词用复数 She is one of the girls who like painting.她是众多喜欢画画的女孩之一。 ②the only one of + 复数名词 + 定语从句 → 先行词是the only one，从句谓语动词用单数 She is the only one of the girls who likes painting.她是女孩里唯一一个喜欢画画的。 基｜础｜练｜习 一、根据语篇内容或所给的词的适当形式填空。 　“Living Legends of Sports” are 1._________ (athlete) who are masters in their sports and also set good examples for others, like Lang Ping and Michael Jordan.Lang Ping, a former Chinese volleyball player, 2._________ (be) the coach of the China women’s volleyball team.She 3._________ (bring) honour and glory to her country both as a player and as a coach, winning the love from fans at home and abroad.At the 2015 World Cup, Chinese women’s team met many difficulties.The team that Lang Ping had built was falling 4._________ because of losing two important players.Faced with such a big challenge, she didn’t lose heart.She believed that her players had the 5._________ (determine) and talent to win by working together as a team.They did make 6._________. Michael Jordan is one of the most famous basketball players in the world.He played so well 7._________ people called him “Air Jordan”. Not only were his skills 8._________ (impress), but also the mental 9._________ (strong) he showed was unique.He says the secret to success is 10._________ (learn) from failures.Failure taught him to practise harder and never give up.He started the Boys and Girls Club in Chicago in 1996, and he has been helping young people since. (答案：1.athletes 2.was 3.brought 4.apart 5.determination 6.it 7.that 8.impressive 9.strength 10.learning) 二、根据上述语篇的内容，完成表格中对语篇中的主谓一致的用法分析。 原句 主语构成 谓语动词 核心规律 “Living Legends of Sports” are athletes who are masters in their sports and also set good examples for others 主语：带引号集合名词短语Legends（复数核心名词） are（复数谓语）；定语从句who后are、set（复数谓语） 1. 引号标题本质名词中心词为复数legends，谓语用复数； 2. 定语从句关系代词who指代复数先行词athletes，从句谓语保持复数 Lang Ping, a former Chinese volleyball player, is the coach of the China women’s volleyball team The team that Lang Ping had built was falling apart because of losing two important players They did make it Not only were his skills impressive, but also the mental strength he showed was unique 参考答案： 原句 主语构成 谓语动词 核心规律 “Living Legends of Sports” are athletes who are masters in their sports and also set good examples for others 主语：带引号集合名词短语Legends（复数核心名词） are（复数谓语）；定语从句who后are、set（复数谓语） 1. 引号标题本质名词中心词为复数legends，谓语用复数； 2. 定语从句关系代词who指代复数先行词athletes，从句谓语保持复数 Lang Ping, a former Chinese volleyball player, is the coach of the China women’s volleyball team 主语：专有名词单数人名Lang Ping，中间插入同位语不改变主语单复数 is（单数谓语） 主语为单个专有名词（人名），插入同位语属于修饰成分，谓语只和真实主语保持单数一致，同位语不影响主谓 The team that Lang Ping had built was falling apart because of losing two important players 主句主语：集合名词the team（强整体概念）；从句先行词the team was（单数谓语）；从句had built（单数过去完成时） 集合名词team侧重整体团队时，视作单数，谓语用单数；定语从句关系词指代单数先行词，从句谓语匹配单数 They did make it 主语：复数人称代词They did make（复数强调式谓语） 复数人称代词作主语，助动词、实义动词均匹配复数主语 Not only were his skills impressive, but also the mental strength he showed was unique 前半句主语：复数名词skills；后半句主语：不可数名词strength were（复数谓语）；was（单数谓语） 1. not only...but also遵循就近一致，前半句主语复数用were； 2. 不可数抽象名词strength作主语，谓语固定用单数； 3. 倒装句式不改变主语本身单复数属性，主谓匹配规则不变 ◇Part 02 知识强化题型拓展练 一、阅读理解 1 On social media, have you seen book fans share pictures of cool books and nice reading spaces? In real life, have you seen people reading at coffee shops or on public transport? Before you start to wonder whether they are really reading the books, there is already a term for this: “performative reading”. People have joked that these individuals (个人) are making books “a symbol of hotness” or something to be worn with “a good outfit”, said The Week. This attitude goes back to 2021, when a hashtag (标签) community on TikTok called “BookTok” grew into a place where popular books became trendy (潮流的) items. Algorithms (算法) on social media push the trend further, as they mostly reward what looks good, like eye-catching covers and coffee cups in a city cafe, noted NBC News. “Performative reading” also made some people who really love reading feel uncomfortable. Alaina Demopoulos, a daily features writer for the Guardian, shared her story that when she tried to read alone in a crowd to enjoy a lovely evening, two young girls laughed at her, making her feel stressed. On social media, readers spoke out that “there’s no such thing as ‘performative reading’.” Some young people even argue that the so-called “performance” doesn’t take away from the real joy of reading. Selwa Khan, a university graduate who enjoys sharing her reads on social media, feels it’s common to “aestheticize our hobbies”. “I think social media makes everybody perform, whether they accept it or not,” she told NBC News. “I’ve seen for years posts on... all these platforms of titles that are ‘performative’, which always happen to be titles that I really enjoy,” Khan added. Today, as many of us rely heavily on short videos, making it hard to read even a whole book, does it really matter if someone “appears” to be reading? Jafei Pollitt, a regular reader who jokingly responded to this idea online, said that even pretending (假装) to read can encourage someone to start reading. It’s a little bit of “fake (假装) it until you make it.” You can start off wanting to read for the aesthetics, but eventually you might involve yourself in the book… she told NBC News. 1．According to the text, what is“performative reading” mainly about? A．Reading books aloud as a performance. B．Reading books carefully in public places. C．Sharing reading notes on social media platforms. D．Treating reading as fashion or a way to be noticed. 2．The word “aestheticize” in paragraph 5 is close in meaning to ________. A．make something easier to understand. B．make something more popular online. C．make something look beautiful or pleasing. D．make something more expensive and uncommon. 3．What possible benefit does“performative reading” have, according to Jafei Pollitt? A．It makes reading look cool online. B．It greatly improves reading speed. C．It helps people choose better books. D．It may turn fake reading into a real love of reading. 4．What is the writer’s main purpose in writing the passage? A．To show why cafes are perfect for reading. B．To advise people to avoid performative reading. C．To explore opinions on the“performative reading” topic. D．To compare different social-media platforms for readers. 2 When it comes to personal change, most people focus on behavior, such as exercising more, eating healthier, and setting bigger goals. But real change can also begin with the way you talk to yourself—the inner dialogue that quietly but powerfully shapes your self-concept (自我概念). Psychologists (心理学家) describe self-concept as the set of beliefs that a person holds about who they are. These beliefs act like an inner blueprint that guides your feelings, choices, and behavior. Your self-concept is not fixed. It is malleable, especially when you become aware of the influences that shape it. And one of the biggest influences is the inner dialogue. Your inner dialogue, or self-talk, is like the narrator (叙述者) of your personal story. Each time you think “I can’t do this,” you add to that story, and over time, these repeated messages can feel like a natural part of your self-concept. More importantly, this inner story directly shapes your actions and results. For example, a boy keeps telling himself “I’m not good at public speaking.” This makes him avoid speaking up or feel very nervous during presentations. He then sees any difficulty as a sign that his belief is true. His inner story holds him back, even though he wishes to change. If you want to change your self-concept, you must start by changing your inner story on purpose. This doesn’t mean mindlessly repeating positive statements you don’t believe. It means carefully creating a more encouraging, truthful story about who you are—and who you are becoming. Here are some ways to start changing your inner dialogue. ·Pay close attention to the repeated statements you make about yourself. Are they empowering or limiting? What you say repeatedly becomes part of your self-concept. ·Be mindful of the statements that follow “I am” and “I can.” These phrases shape how you view yourself and what you believe is possible. Choose language that supports who you want to become. ·Create simple, believable statements that paint a picture of who you want to become. For example, turn “I am terrible with people” into “I am learning to connect with others.” Then, look for real facts—from present or past experiences—that support your new story. Changing your self-concept isn’t about acting like someone you’re not. It’s about recognizing that you already have the power to be more than the old stories you’ve been telling yourself. Start with your inner dialogue. That’s where real change begins. 5．What does the word “malleable” in Paragraph 2 most probably mean? A．Able to change. B．Hard to explain. C．Quick to form. D．Free to explore. 6．Why does the writer use the example of a boy in Paragraph 3? A．To introduce what inner dialogue is. B．To show the effects of inner dialogue. C．To explain the reason for avoiding challenges. D．To give advice on expressing a personal story. 7．Which of the following would the writer most probably agree with? A．Daily actions shape self-concept the most. B．Self-concept changes naturally on its own over time. C．Inner dialogue can be shaped without considering the past. D．Self-concept change starts with purposeful inner dialogue. 8．What is the writer’s main purpose in writing this passage? A．To prove that positive self-talk leads to success. B．To discuss influential words in building self-concept. C．To encourage personal change through positive self-talk. D．To compare the influence of self-concept with that of self-talk. 3 There are certainly facts that actors experience a mixture of their real self and their assumed (假定，设定) characters. For example, Benedict Cumberbatch said, “My mum says I’m much more impatient with her when I’m filming Sherlock.” Mark Seton, a researcher at the University of Sydney, has even coined the term “post-dramatic stress disorder” to describe the lasting effects experienced by actors who lose themselves in a role. “Actors may often lengthen habits of the characters they have represented,” he writes. A recent finding doesn’t involve acting, and it shows that just spending some time thinking about another person seemed to rub off on the volunteers’ sense of self, led by Meghan Meyer at Princeton University. Across several studies, these researchers asked volunteers to first score their own personalities, memories or physical qualities, and then to perform the same task from the perspective (角度，观点，想法) of another person. For example, they might score the emotionality of various personal memories, and then rate (评估) how a friend or relative would have experienced those same events. After taking the perspective of another, the volunteers scored themselves once again; the finding was that their self-knowledge had changed— their self-scores had shifted (偏离) to become more similar to those they’d given for someone else. For example, if they had firstly said the trait term “confident” was only reasonably related to themselves and then rated the term as being strongly related to a friend’s personality, when they came to rescore themselves, they now began to see themselves as more confident. Surprisingly, this change of the self with another was still clear even if a 24-hour gap was left between taking someone else’s perspective and re-rating oneself. “By simply thinking about another person, we may adapt our self to take the shape of that person,” said Meyer and her colleagues. That our sense of self should have this quality might be a little discouraging, especially for anyone who has struggled to build a firm sense of identity (身份，特性). Yet there is an optimistic message here, too. The challenge of improving ourselves— or at least seeing ourselves in a more positive light— might be a little easier than we thought. By roleplaying or acting out the kind of person we would like to become, or simply by thinking about and spending time with people who represent the kind of qualities we would like to see in ourselves, we can find that our sense of self changes in desirable ways. “As each of us chooses who to befriend, who to model, and who to take no notice of,” write Meyer and her colleagues, “we must make these decisions aware of how they shape not only the fabric (结构) of our social networks, but even our sense of who we are.” 9．The first two paragraphs mainly ________. A．state that acting requires skills B．explain the stress that an actor faces C．show that a role has effects on the actor D．stress the importance of putting oneself into a role 10．The words “rub off on” in Paragraph 3 are closest in meaning to ________. A．influence B．strengthen C．protect D．repair 11．According to the study, taking the perspective of another person ________. A．drives one to better understand himself B．brings changes to one’s self-knowledge C．helps people deal with their identity problems D．produces short-term effects on one’s character 12．What is the writer’s main purpose in writing this passage? A．To share a means to improve ourselves. B．To offer instructions on making friends. C．To give advice on controlling one’s emotions. D．To present a way to deal with stress disorder. 4 A popular saying goes, “Sticks and stones may break my bones, but words will never hurt me.” However, that’s not really true. Words carry a weight far beyond physical effect—they have the power to build us up into confidence, or tear us down into self-doubting shadows. Whether these words come from a stranger’s casual comment , a loved one’s thoughtless remark , or our own self- talk , their effects are just as lasting. We all talk to ourselves sometimes, though many of us hide this habit out of embarrassment. In reality, this internal dialogue is a natural and even healthy part of human cognition—experts increasingly recognize that vocal self- talk improves focus, memory, and problem-solving. Be aware, though, that as much as 77% of self-talk tends to be negative. We scold ourselves for small mistakes, or dismiss (忽视) our achievements. This negative self-talk gradually destroys self-respect slowly but surely. So in order to stay positive, we must consciously practice positive self-affirmation. Celebrate the small wins—finishing a work task, acing a quiz, or even just getting out of bed on a hard day—with a sincere “Good job’” Equally important is the effect of the words we speak to others. Too often, we let words slip out without considering their weight: a critical comment that destroys, or a thoughtless remark that dismisses someone’s feelings. Yet language is a tool of connection or division. A warm “Thank you for your help” can brighten a stranger’s day and strengthen a relationship. Conversely, harsh (刻薄的) words leave scars that may never fully heal. For example, when returning an item to a store, we might use warm, friendly language during the exchange. And the clerk will probably answer in a similar manner. Our words are catching— kindness brings out kindness, while negativity fuels conflict. The lasting power of words is why we often regret things we’ve said in anger or hurry, and why unkind words spoken to us in childhood can still keep coming to our mind as adults. Before speaking, we should pause and ask three simple questions: Is it true? Is it kind? Is it necessary? If the answer to any of these is “no”, the words are better left unsaid. Words have enormous power: both positive and negative. Those around us receive encouragement when we speak positively. We can offer hope, build self-respect and motivate others to do their best. Negative words destroy all those things. Will we use our words to hurt or to heal? The choice is ours. 13．What is Paragraph 1 mainly talking about? A．Words have a lasting effect on us. B．Positive words can give us confidence. C．A popular saying about words is not true. D．Words’ effects are more lasting than physical ones. 14．What is the word “self-affirmation” in Paragraph 2 closest in meaning to? A．The act of exploring one’s own talent. B．The act of improving one’s own habits. C．The act of recognizing one’s own worth. D．The act of learning one’s own weaknesses. 15．What is the writer’s main purpose in writing this passage? A．To compare self- talk and words to others. B．To explain why negative words are common. C．To encourage readers to use words in a positive way. D．To describe how self-talk affects people’s confidence. 16．Which of the following would be the best title of the passage? A．The Power of Words B．The Reach of Words C．The Spread of Words D．The Warmth of Words 二、完形填空 Fifteen-year-old Ethan volunteered at a nursing home last winter. His task was simple: stay with the residents (居住者). But he had no idea how to 17 with people who are much older than him until he discovered a box of old-fashioned toys in the activity room. Ms. Clam, an old woman who hardly left her chair, caught his 18 as he went through the box. “Those are marbles (弹珠),” she said softly, 19 to the colorful glass balls in the box. He sat down beside her and 20 the marbles. “Want to tell me how you played them before?” To his surprise, Ms. Clam’s eyes lit up as she talked about her childhood — digging small holes in the dirt, taking turns to shoot the marbles with her thumb (大拇指), and 21 when she won a round. Ethan joined in, missing his target (目标) at first but smiling as she gently 22 him how to aim better. Soon, other residents 23 : Mr. Torres taught them to play a stick-picking game, while Mrs. Lin showed everyone how to fold paper airplanes. The nursing home’s quiet afternoons turned into 24 game time. Ethan learned that the old games weren’t just fun — they were keys to the residents’ 25 . Ms. Clam started smiling more. On his last day, she gave a handwritten 26 to him: “You didn’t just play with me — you brought back pieces of my life which I thought were 27 .” Ethan left with a new understanding: warmth is about sitting down, listening, and sharing the small 28 that crossed generations (一代代人). Those simple, forgotten games had built a 29 between him and the residents. It has 30 proved (证明) that kindness and connection are timeless. 31 he came back home, he wrote down every story in his notebook, hoping to keep the warmth alive in his heart. 17．A．agree B．connect C．share D．argue 18．A．word B．heat C．attention D．level 19．A．pointing B．turning C．falling D．running 20．A．left out B．found out C．put out D．took out 21．A．crying B．cheering C．sleeping D．walking 22．A．asked B．offered C．showed D．refused 23．A．came B．hated C．disappeared D．rushed 24．A．boring B．quiet C．lively D．scary 25．A．dreams B．memories C．problems D．choices 26．A．note B．bill C．form D．ticket 27．A．read B．lost C．broken D．invited 28．A．dolls B．games C．keys D．gifts 29．A．wall B．house C．bridge D．team 30．A．luckily B．suddenly C．hopefully D．clearly 31．A．Before B．After C．Although D．Unless 三、语法填空 How are writers using AI tools to keep up with the fast publishing industry? What effect is this having 32 their writing process (过程)? The fact is that most writers I know are using AI, whether on purpose or not. 33 (near) all tasks they do need some form of AI, including a spelling checker. But we must not allow AI to weaken our imagination and creativity. Our job as storytellers truly requires us 34 (be) as real and personal as possible. Therefore, I’d rather see AI tools used to improve the quality of a work, rather than only to speed up production. Fine art 35 (create) not in a day or a week — it usually needs a long period of time. Yes, we can use 36 (amaze) AI tools to help reduce writing work and improve writing quality. At the very least, AI can quickly point out grammar 37 (mistake) or perfect sentences. It can also find the weakness rapidly in a story or point out the problems in characters. In marketing, AI can offer 38 effective method to attract readers. These ways no doubt make it possible for the story to come out in a shorter time. When 39 (make) use of AI, we must never allow it to replace our imagination or jump the necessary step to think by 40 (us). We use AI to improve our writing, not replace our story creativity. When we are ready with a quality story, be confident that it 41 (meet) a publisher’s need. 四、书面表达 42．假定你是李华，在外教Mr. Brown的指导下，你在学校组织的英语歌剧大赛（English Opera Competition）中获得了一等奖。请给Mr. Brown写一封感谢信，主要内容包括： 1. 对Mr. Brown表示感谢； 2. Mr. Brown的帮助、你取得的进步及比赛的结果； 3. 邀请Mr. Brown到家里做客。 要求： 1. 词数80左右（开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数）； 2. 包含所有要点提示，并可适当补充，以使语句通顺，行文连贯； 3. 信中不得出现个人姓名、校名等真实信息。 Dear Mr. Brown, ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Yours, Li Hua 参考答案 一、 1 1．D 2．C 3．D 4．C 【解析】本文是一篇议论文，文章主要讨论了“表演性阅读”这一现象，包括其定义、来源、不同人群对此的看法以及其可能带来的好处。 1．细节理解题。根据文章第二段“People have joked that these individuals (个人) are making books ‘a symbol of hotness’ or something to be worn with ‘a good outfit’, said The Week.”可知，“表演性阅读”主要是将阅读视为一种时尚或引人注目的方式。故选D。 2．词句猜测题。根据文章第五段“Some young people even argue that the so-called ‘performance’ doesn’t take away from the real joy of reading.”以及“‘I think social media makes everybody perform, whether they accept it or not,’ she told NBC News.”可知，一些年轻人认为社交媒体让每个人都进行“表演”，即让爱好看起来更美观或更吸引人，因此“aestheticize”的意思是“使某物看起来美丽或令人愉悦”。故选C。 3．细节理解题。根据文章最后一段“Jafei Pollitt, a regular reader who jokingly responded to this idea online, said that even pretending (假装) to read can encourage someone to start reading. It’s a little bit of ‘fake (假装) it until you make it.’ You can start off wanting to read for the aesthetics, but eventually you might involve yourself in the book…”可知，根据Jafei Pollitt的观点，“表演性阅读”可能将假阅读变成对阅读的真正热爱。故选D。 4．主旨大意题。文章主要讨论了“表演性阅读”的定义、来源、不同人群对此的看法以及其可能带来的好处，因此作者的主要目的是探讨关于“表演性阅读”这一话题的不同观点。故选C。 2 5．A 6．B 7．D 8．C 【解析】本文是说明文。围绕自我概念展开，说明其并非固定，可通过刻意改变内心对话来转变，强调内在对话对自我改变的关键作用。 5．词句猜测题。根据第二段“Your self-concept is not fixed. It is malleable...”可知，你的自我概念不是固定的，它是malleable。由此可知，malleable在这里意为“可改变的”，和前文的“not fixed”对应。故选A。 6．推理判断题。根据第三段“More importantly, this inner story directly shapes your actions and results. For example, a boy...”可知，用男孩的例子来具体展示内在对话如何影响行为和结果，所以这个例子是为了展示内在对话的影响。故选B。 7．推理判断题。根据第四段首句“If you want to change your self-concept, you must start by changing your inner story on purpose.”可知，如果你想改变自我概念，你就必须开始有意识地去改变内心想法。由此可推出作者可能同意“自我概念的改变始于有意识的内心对话。”故选D。 8．主旨大意题。通读全文可知，文章开头提出真正的改变可以从内在对话开始，中间介绍了内在对话的影响，最后给出改变内在对话的方法，整体目的是鼓励人们通过积极的自我对话来实现个人改变。故选C。 3 9．C 10．A 11．B 12．A 【解析】本文主要介绍了“角色代入会影响自我认知”的研究发现，以及这一发现对自我提升的启示。 9．主旨大意题。根据前两段“actors experience a mixture of their real self and their assumed characters”“the lasting effects experienced by actors who lose themselves in a role”可知，这两段主要说明角色会对演员产生影响。故选C。 10．词句猜测题。根据后文“their self-scores had shifted to become more similar to those they’d given for someone else”可知，站在他人角度思考会“影响”志愿者的自我认知，“rub off on”与“influence”意思相近。故选A。 11．细节理解题。根据“After taking the perspective of another…their self-knowledge was now changed”可知，站在他人角度思考会改变一个人的自我认知。故选B。 12．主旨大意题。根据“By roleplaying or acting out the kind of person we would like to become…we can find that our sense of self changes in desirable ways”可知，作者的主要目的是分享一种自我提升的方法。故选A。 4 13．A 14．C 15．C 16．A 【解析】 本文是一篇议论文，主要论述了语言的力量，包括语言对自身和他人的影响，强调了积极语言的重要性，并提醒人们在使用语言时要谨慎思考。 13．主旨大意题。根据第一段“Words carry a weight far beyond physical effect—they have the power to build us up into confidence, or tear us down into self-doubting shadows. Whether these words come from a stranger’s casual comment, a loved one’s thoughtless remark, or our own self-talk, their effects are just as lasting.”可知，第一段主要论述了语言对我们有持久的影响。故选A。 14．词句猜测题。根据第二段“This negative self-talk gradually destroys self-respect slowly but surely. So in order to stay positive, we must consciously practice positive self-affirmation. Celebrate the small wins—finishing a work task, acing a quiz, or even just getting out of bed on a hard day—with a sincere ‘Good job’”可知，消极的自我对话会逐渐破坏自尊，为了保持积极，我们必须有意识地练习积极的自我肯定，庆祝小胜利，用真诚的“干得好”来肯定自己，所以“self-affirmation”与“认可自己的价值”意思相近。故选C。 15．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Words have enormous power: both positive and negative. Those around us receive encouragement when we speak positively. We can offer hope, build self-respect and motivate others to do their best. Negative words destroy all those things. Will we use our words to hurt or to heal? The choice is ours.”可知，作者写这篇文章的主要目的是鼓励读者以积极的方式使用语言。故选C。 16．最佳标题题。根据最后一段“Words have enormous power: both positive and negative.”以及通读全文可知，本文主要论述了语言的力量，包括语言对自身和他人的影响，强调了积极语言的重要性，并提醒人们在使用语言时要谨慎思考，所以最佳标题为“语言的力量”。故选A。 二、 17．B 18．C 19．A 20．D 21．B 22．C 23．A 24．C 25．B 26．A 27．B 28．B 29．C 30．D 31．B 【解析】本文讲述了15岁的Ethan在养老院做志愿者，通过旧玩具与老人互动，重建联系，感悟温暖与陪伴的故事。 17．句意：但他不知道如何与比他大得多的人沟通，直到他发现了一盒老式玩具。 根据“with people”，可知此处指与人建立联系，志愿者需要与居住者沟通，“connect 连接/沟通”符合语境。其他选项“agree同意；share分享；argue争论”不符合互动语境。 18．句意：当他翻找盒子时，克拉姆女士，一位几乎从不离开椅子的老人，引起了他的注意。 根据“caught his”和语境，可知老人说话吸引了男孩，“attention注意”符合语境，此处考查固定搭配catch one’s attention。其他选项“word话；heat热量；level水平”无此搭配。 19．句意：“那些是弹珠，”她轻声说，指着盒子里彩色的玻璃球。 根据“to the colorful glass balls”，可知此处表示指向物体，“pointing指着”符合语境。其他选项动作“turning转向；falling落下；running跑”不符合语境。 20．句意：他坐在她旁边，拿出了弹珠。 根据“the marbles”，可知从盒子里取物，“took out拿出”符合语境。其他选项“left out遗漏；found out发现；put out扑灭”语义不通。 21．句意：令他惊讶的是，克拉姆女士在讲述童年时，眼睛亮了起来——她小时候在泥土里挖小坑，轮流用拇指掷出弹珠，当她赢了一轮时欢呼。 根据“when she won a round”，可知获胜时的情绪，获胜通常伴随高兴和欢呼，“cheering欢呼”符合语境。其他选项“crying哭；sleeping睡觉；walking走”不符合获胜场景。 22．句意：伊桑也加入了进来，起初没能命中目标，但当他被她温柔地教如何更准确瞄准时，脸上露出了微笑。 根据“how to aim better”，可知是示范动作，“showed 展示/教”符合语境，show sb. how to do符合。其他选项“asked问；offered提供；refused拒绝”不符合题意。 23．句意：不久，其他居住者也来了：托雷斯先生教他们玩一种捡木棍的游戏，而林太太则向大家展示了如何折纸飞机。 根据后文其他人也参与游戏，可知他们加入进来，“came过来”符合语境。其他选项“hated讨厌；disappeared消失；rushed冲”情感或逻辑不符。 24．句意：养老院安静的下午变成了热闹的游戏时间。 根据“quiet afternoons turned into”，可知前后对比，游戏使气氛变得活跃，“lively活跃/热闹的”符合语境。其他选项“boring无聊的；quiet安静的；scary可怕的”与语境相反。 25．句意：伊桑发现，那些古老的棋类游戏不仅有趣，更是居住者记忆的钥匙。 根据“old games”，可知旧物唤起回忆，“memories记忆”符合语境。其他选项“dreams梦想；problems问题；choices选择”不符。 26．句意：在他最后一天，她给他留下了一张手写的便条：“你不仅和我玩过，还带回了我曾以为已经失去的那些生活片段。” 根据“handwritten”，可知是手写留言，“note便条”符合语境。其他选项“bill账单；form表格；ticket票”不符。 27．句意：在他最后一天，她给他留下了一张手写的便条：“你不仅和我玩过，还带回了我曾以为已经失去的那些生活片段。” 根据“brought back”，可知之前以为不见了，回忆失而复得，“lost丢失”符合语境。其他选项“read读；broken破碎；invited邀请”语义不通。 28．句意：伊桑带着新的理解离开了：温暖在于坐下来倾听，并分享跨越几代人的小游戏。 根据全文提到的弹珠、折纸等，可知指游戏，“games游戏”符合语境。其他选项“dolls玩偶；keys钥匙；gifts礼物”片面。 29．句意：那些简单的游戏在他和居住者之间搭建了一座桥梁。 根据“between him and the residents”，可知指连接关系，bridge比喻沟通纽带，符合语境。其他选项“wall墙；house房子；team队”不符合语境。 30．句意：它清楚地证明了善良和联系是永恒的。 根据“proved”，可知证明的程度，经历明确证明了道理，“clearly清楚地”符合语境。其他选项“luckily幸运地；suddenly突然；hopefully希望地”不符合语境。 31．句意：回家后，他把每一个故事都写在笔记本上，希望让心中的温暖得以延续。 根据“he came back home, he wrote down”，可知时间顺序，先回家后记录，“After在……之后”符合语境。其他选项“Before在……之前；Although虽然；Unless除非”逻辑错误。 三、 32．on 33．Nearly 34．to be 35．is created 36．amazing 37．mistakes 38．an 39．making 40．ourselves 41．will meet 【解析】本文探讨了作家如何在快速发展的出版行业中利用AI工具，强调AI应辅助而非替代人类的创造力和想象力。 32．句意：这对他们的写作过程有什么影响？“have an effect on”为固定短语，意为“对……有影响”，故填介词on。 33．句意：几乎他们所做的所有任务都需要某种形式的AI。此处修饰限定代词all，表示“几乎”，用副词nearly，位于句首首字母大写。 34．句意：我们作为讲故事者的工作确实要求我们尽可能真实和个性化。“require sb. to do sth.”意为“要求某人做某事”，故填to be。 35．句意：上乘的艺术不是一天或一周就能创造出来的——它通常需要很长的时间。主语Fine art与create之间为被动关系，且描述客观事实，用一般现在时的被动语态，故填is created。 36．句意：是的，我们可以使用惊人的AI工具来帮助减少写作工作和提高写作质量。修饰名词tools，需用形容词，amaze的形容词为amazing，意为“令人惊奇的”。 37．句意：AI至少可以快速指出语法错误或润色句子。mistake为可数名词，此处用复数形式表示泛指，故填mistakes。 38．句意：在营销中，AI可以提供一种有效的方法来吸引读者。method为可数名词单数，此处泛指“一种”，且effective以元音音素开头，故填不定冠词an。 39．句意：在使用AI时，我们绝不能让它取代我们的想象力或跳过我们独立思考的必要步骤。此处为状语从句的省略，完整形式为When (we are) making use of AI，省略主语+be 动词，填现在分词 making。 40．句意：在使用AI时，我们绝不能让它取代我们的想象力或跳过我们独立思考的必要步骤。“by oneself”意为“独自地”，us对应反身代词ourselves。 41．句意：当我们准备好一个高质量的故事时，要自信它会满足出版商的需求。结合“be confident that”，此处表示将来的情况，用一般将来时，故填will meet。 四、 Dear Mr. Brown, I’m writing to express my sincere thanks to you for helping me prepare for the school English Opera Competition. I won first prize in the competition last week. Before it, you spent spare time helping me correct lines and improve my pronunciation. You taught me how to show feelings on stage. With your help, I made progress and got this good result. My parents want to thank you, so I’d like to invite you to my home for dinner this Sunday. Would you come? Yours, Li Hua 写作步骤 [第一步：审题立意] 确定文体：应用文，以一般过去时为主 明确要点：向Mr. Brown表达感谢；说明Mr. Brown的帮助、个人进步和比赛拿一等奖的结果；邀请Mr. Brown到家里做客 确定人称：主要用第一人称I，称呼对方用第二人称you 注意事项：词数80左右（开头结尾不计入）；覆盖所有要点，可适当补充细节，语句通顺，行文连贯；不能出现真实个人/学校信息 [第二步：构思布局] 三段式结构： 开头段：开门见山说明写信目的，直接表达感谢 主体段：告知获奖消息，具体叙述Mr. Brown给自己的帮助，说明准备过程中取得的进步，凸显对方帮助的重要性 结尾段：发出到家里做客的邀请，期待对方赴约 [第三步：要点展开] 要点一：表达感谢 感谢表达：express my sincere thanks to you/thank you so much for your help/I really appreciate your guidance等 帮助背景：helping me prepare for the school English Opera Competition/your support during the competition/your patient teaching等 要点二：帮助、进步与结果 具体帮助：spent spare time helping me correct lines/improve my pronunciation/taught me how to show feelings on stage/practiced with me after class/gave me useful advice等 个人进步：made progress/got better at pronunciation/became more confident/learned to express feelings well等 比赛结果：won first prize/got the first place/received the top award等 要点三：发出邀请 邀请表达：invite you to my home for dinner/would you like to come/we would be happy to have you/my parents want to thank you too等 ( 1 / 2 )学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 2026年暑假新高一英语衔接与突破（结构化知识+题型提升练） 专题11 人教版必修第一册Unit 3 Sports and Fitness新词预习+主谓一致 目录 第一部分 必备知识结构化清单 梳理必备的语言知识点，夯实语言基础能力 第二部分 知识强化题型拓展练 必备知识与能力提升练，提升语言运用能力 ◇Part 01 必备知识结构化清单 新｜词｜预｜习 背诵清单 Ⅰ.核心词汇 1.soccer　　n.足球;足球运动 2.stadium n. 体育场;运动场 3.boxing n.拳击(运动) 4.badminton n.羽毛球运动 5.event n.比赛项目;大事;公开活动 6.ski adj.滑雪的　vi.滑雪 7.host vt. 主办;主持 n.主人;东道主;节目主持人 8.track n.跑道;足迹;铁路轨道 vt.&vi.追踪;跟踪 9.gym n.健身房; 体育馆 10.gymnastics n.体操(训练) 11.sweat vt.使出汗;出汗弄湿 vi.出汗;流汗　n.汗水;出汗 12.legend n.传奇故事(或人物);传说 13.athlete n.运动员;运动健儿 14.master　　n.高手;主人　vt.精通;掌握 15.medal n.奖章; 勋章 16.captain n.(运动队)队长;船长;机长 17.graceful adj.优美的;优雅的 18.pretend vi.&vt.假装;装扮 19.million num.一百万 20.cheat vi.作弊;舞弊 vt.欺骗;蒙骗 n.骗子;欺骗手段 21.audience n.观众;听众 22.positive adj.积极的;正面的;乐观的;肯定的 23.slim adj.苗条的;单薄的 24.diet n.规定饮食;日常饮食 vi.节食 25.rather adv.相当;有点儿 26.push-up n.(especially NAmE) 俯卧撑 27.jog vi.慢跑 n.慢跑 28.error n.错误;差错 Ⅱ.拓展词汇 1.fit adj.健康的,健壮的;合适的→fitness n.健康; 健壮;适合 2.honour n.荣誉;尊敬;荣幸→honourable adj.尊敬的;可敬的 3.glory n.荣誉;光荣;赞美→glorious adj.值得称道的;光荣的;荣耀的 4.determine vt.决定;确定;下定决心→determination n.决心;决定→determined adj.坚决的;有决心的 5.injure vt.使受伤;损害→injury n.伤害;损伤→injured adj. 受伤的;有伤的 6.champion n.冠军;优胜者→championship n.锦标赛;冠军赛;冠军称号 7.strong adj.强壮的;强劲的→strength n.力量;体力→strengthen vt.加强;巩固 8.fail vi.失败;衰退vt.不及格;使失望→failure n.失败;失败的人(或事物) Ⅲ.重点短语 1.come along　　跟随;到达;进步;赶快 2.fall apart 破裂;破碎;崩溃 3.even if /though 即使;虽然 4.now and then 有时;偶尔 5.compare...to /with... 与……比较 6.give up 放弃;投降 7.lose heart 丧失信心;泄气 8.track and field 田径 9.make sense有道理;合乎情理;表述清楚 10.pretend to do sth. 假装做某事 11.make a difference 有作用或影响 12.work out 锻炼;计算出;解决 13.cut...out 停止做(或使用、食用);剪下 14.make it 获得成功;准时到达 15.set an example 树立榜样 16.rather than 而不是 默写清单 Ⅰ.核心词汇 1._________　n.足球;足球运动 2._________ n. 体育场;运动场 3._________ n.拳击(运动) 4._________ n.羽毛球运动 5._________ n.比赛项目;大事;公开活动 6._________ adj.滑雪的　vi.滑雪 7._________ vt. 主办;主持 n.主人;东道主;节目主持人 8._________ n.跑道;足迹;铁路轨道 vt.&vi.追踪;跟踪 9._________ n.健身房; 体育馆 10._________ n.体操(训练) 11._________ vt.使出汗;出汗弄湿 vi.出汗;流汗　n.汗水;出汗 12._________ n.传奇故事(或人物);传说 13._________ n.运动员;运动健儿 14._________　　　n.高手;主人　vt.精通;掌握 15._________ n.奖章; 勋章 16._________ n.(运动队)队长;船长;机长 17._________ adj.优美的;优雅的 18._________ vi.&vt.假装;装扮 19._________ num.一百万 20._________ vi.作弊;舞弊 vt.欺骗;蒙骗 n.骗子;欺骗手段 21._________ n.观众;听众 22._________ adj.积极的;正面的;乐观的;肯定的 23._________ adj.苗条的;单薄的 24._________ n.规定饮食;日常饮食 vi.节食 25._________ adv.相当;有点儿 26._________ n.(especially NAmE) 俯卧撑 27._________ vi.慢跑 n.慢跑 28._________ n.错误;差错 Ⅱ.拓展词汇 1._________ adj.健康的,健壮的;合适的→_________ n.健康; 健壮;适合 2._________ n.荣誉;尊敬;荣幸→_________ adj.尊敬的;可敬的 3._________ n.荣誉;光荣;赞美→_________ adj.值得称道的;光荣的;荣耀的 4._________ vt.决定;确定;下定决心→_________ n.决心;决定→_________ adj.坚决的;有决心的 5._________ vt.使受伤;损害→_________ n.伤害;损伤→_________ adj. 受伤的;有伤的 6._________ n.冠军;优胜者→_________ n.锦标赛;冠军赛;冠军称号 7._________ adj.强壮的;强劲的→_________ n.力量;体力→_________ vt.加强;巩固 8._________ vi.失败;衰退vt.不及格;使失望→_________ n.失败;失败的人(或事物) Ⅲ.重点短语 1._________　　跟随;到达;进步;赶快 2._________ 破裂;破碎;崩溃 3._________ 即使;虽然 4._________ 有时;偶尔 5._________ 与……比较 6._________ 放弃;投降 7._________ 丧失信心;泄气 8._________ 田径 9._________有道理;合乎情理;表述清楚 10._________ 假装做某事 11._________ 有作用或影响 12._________ 锻炼;计算出;解决 13._________ 停止做(或使用、食用);剪下 14._________ 获得成功;准时到达 15._________ 树立榜样 16._________ 而不是 知｜识｜回｜顾 一、语法一致 规则：主语在语法形式上为单数，谓语动词用单数；主语为复数，谓语动词用复数。 1.可数名词单数或不可数名词作主语，谓语动词用单数 Water is important to all living things.水对所有生物都很重要。 The book belongs to my brother.这本书是我弟弟的。 2.可数名词复数作主语，谓语动词用复数 Students take part in after-school activities every day.学生们每天参加课外活动。 3.单数代词（he/she/it/this/that）作主语，谓语动词用单数；复数代词（we/you/they/these/those）作主语，谓语动词用复数 She teaches English in a high school. They plan to travel this summer. 二、意义一致 1.集合名词：family, class, team, government, audience, group ① 表整体组织，谓语单数 The class wins the game. 这个班级赢得了比赛。 ② 表群体里的成员、个体，谓语复数 The class are discussing the plan. 全班同学正在讨论方案。 2.复数概念名词：people, police, cattle，作主语时谓语动词只用复数 The police are searching for the thief.警察正在搜寻小偷。 3.形式单数、意义单数名词：news, physics, maths, politics，作主语谓语动词用单数 Maths is my favourite subject.数学是我最喜欢的科目。 The good news makes us happy.这个好消息让我们很开心。 4.表示时间、金钱、重量、距离等的名词作主语，视为一个整体，谓语动词用单数 Fifty dollars is too expensive for this bag.50美元买这个包太贵了。 Twenty kilometers is not a short walk.二十公里不是一段短路程。 三、就近一致（谓语动词单复数随靠近它的主语而变化） ①连接词：or；either…or；neither…nor；not only…but also ②there be句型 Either you or your sister has to clean the room.要么你，要么你妹妹必须打扫房间。（靠近谓语sister单数，用has） Neither the teachers nor the student knows the secret.老师和学生都不知道这个秘密。 There is a pen and two books on the desk.桌上有一支钢笔和两本书。 ▲注意 1.含有插入成分的句子的主谓一致 规则：真正主语是最前面名词，插入成分不影响谓语。 表示伴随的词：with, together with, as well as, besides, except, rather than 结构：主语 + 插入短语 + 谓语（单复数只看开头主语） My mother together with my two sisters goes shopping every weekend.我妈妈和两个姐姐每周末去购物。（主语mother单数，用goes） All students except Tom finish the homework on time.除了汤姆，所有学生都按时完成作业。（主语students复数，用finish） The teacher as well as his students enjoys reading novels.老师和他的学生都喜欢读小说。 2.不定代词作主语，谓语动词用单数 不定代词：someone, anyone, everyone, nobody, nothing, something, each, every + 名词 Everyone in our class takes part in sports meeting.我们班每个人都参加运动会。 Nothing is impossible if you put your heart into it.只要用心，一切皆有可能。 Each boy has a new dictionary.每个男孩都有一本新词典。 3.and连接两个主语的两种情况 ①and连接两个不同人/事物，表复数概念，谓语动词用复数 Tom and Jack are good friends.汤姆和杰克是好朋友。 ②and连接同一人、同一事物、成套物品（共用一个冠词），谓语单数 The writer and singer is giving a speech now.这位作家兼歌手正在演讲。（同一个人，身兼两职） Bread and butter is my breakfast.黄油面包是我的早餐（成套食物）。 4.定语从句中的主谓一致 ①one of + 复数名词 + 定语从句 → 先行词是复数名词，从句谓语动词用复数 She is one of the girls who like painting.她是众多喜欢画画的女孩之一。 ②the only one of + 复数名词 + 定语从句 → 先行词是the only one，从句谓语动词用单数 She is the only one of the girls who likes painting.她是女孩里唯一一个喜欢画画的。 基｜础｜练｜习 一、根据语篇内容或所给的词的适当形式填空。 　“Living Legends of Sports” are 1._________ (athlete) who are masters in their sports and also set good examples for others, like Lang Ping and Michael Jordan.Lang Ping, a former Chinese volleyball player, 2._________ (be) the coach of the China women’s volleyball team.She 3._________ (bring) honour and glory to her country both as a player and as a coach, winning the love from fans at home and abroad.At the 2015 World Cup, Chinese women’s team met many difficulties.The team that Lang Ping had built was falling 4._________ because of losing two important players.Faced with such a big challenge, she didn’t lose heart.She believed that her players had the 5._________ (determine) and talent to win by working together as a team.They did make 6._________. Michael Jordan is one of the most famous basketball players in the world.He played so well 7._________ people called him “Air Jordan”. Not only were his skills 8._________ (impress), but also the mental 9._________ (strong) he showed was unique.He says the secret to success is 10._________ (learn) from failures.Failure taught him to practise harder and never give up.He started the Boys and Girls Club in Chicago in 1996, and he has been helping young people since. 二、根据上述语篇的内容，完成表格中对语篇中的主谓一致的用法分析。 原句 主语构成 谓语动词 核心规律 “Living Legends of Sports” are athletes who are masters in their sports and also set good examples for others 主语：带引号集合名词短语Legends（复数核心名词） are（复数谓语）；定语从句who后are、set（复数谓语） 1. 引号标题本质名词中心词为复数legends，谓语用复数； 2. 定语从句关系代词who指代复数先行词athletes，从句谓语保持复数 Lang Ping, a former Chinese volleyball player, is the coach of the China women’s volleyball team The team that Lang Ping had built was falling apart because of losing two important players They did make it Not only were his skills impressive, but also the mental strength he showed was unique ◇Part 02 知识强化题型拓展练 一、阅读理解 1 On social media, have you seen book fans share pictures of cool books and nice reading spaces? In real life, have you seen people reading at coffee shops or on public transport? Before you start to wonder whether they are really reading the books, there is already a term for this: “performative reading”. People have joked that these individuals (个人) are making books “a symbol of hotness” or something to be worn with “a good outfit”, said The Week. This attitude goes back to 2021, when a hashtag (标签) community on TikTok called “BookTok” grew into a place where popular books became trendy (潮流的) items. Algorithms (算法) on social media push the trend further, as they mostly reward what looks good, like eye-catching covers and coffee cups in a city cafe, noted NBC News. “Performative reading” also made some people who really love reading feel uncomfortable. Alaina Demopoulos, a daily features writer for the Guardian, shared her story that when she tried to read alone in a crowd to enjoy a lovely evening, two young girls laughed at her, making her feel stressed. On social media, readers spoke out that “there’s no such thing as ‘performative reading’.” Some young people even argue that the so-called “performance” doesn’t take away from the real joy of reading. Selwa Khan, a university graduate who enjoys sharing her reads on social media, feels it’s common to “aestheticize our hobbies”. “I think social media makes everybody perform, whether they accept it or not,” she told NBC News. “I’ve seen for years posts on... all these platforms of titles that are ‘performative’, which always happen to be titles that I really enjoy,” Khan added. Today, as many of us rely heavily on short videos, making it hard to read even a whole book, does it really matter if someone “appears” to be reading? Jafei Pollitt, a regular reader who jokingly responded to this idea online, said that even pretending (假装) to read can encourage someone to start reading. It’s a little bit of “fake (假装) it until you make it.” You can start off wanting to read for the aesthetics, but eventually you might involve yourself in the book… she told NBC News. 1．According to the text, what is“performative reading” mainly about? A．Reading books aloud as a performance. B．Reading books carefully in public places. C．Sharing reading notes on social media platforms. D．Treating reading as fashion or a way to be noticed. 2．The word “aestheticize” in paragraph 5 is close in meaning to ________. A．make something easier to understand. B．make something more popular online. C．make something look beautiful or pleasing. D．make something more expensive and uncommon. 3．What possible benefit does“performative reading” have, according to Jafei Pollitt? A．It makes reading look cool online. B．It greatly improves reading speed. C．It helps people choose better books. D．It may turn fake reading into a real love of reading. 4．What is the writer’s main purpose in writing the passage? A．To show why cafes are perfect for reading. B．To advise people to avoid performative reading. C．To explore opinions on the“performative reading” topic. D．To compare different social-media platforms for readers. 2 When it comes to personal change, most people focus on behavior, such as exercising more, eating healthier, and setting bigger goals. But real change can also begin with the way you talk to yourself—the inner dialogue that quietly but powerfully shapes your self-concept (自我概念). Psychologists (心理学家) describe self-concept as the set of beliefs that a person holds about who they are. These beliefs act like an inner blueprint that guides your feelings, choices, and behavior. Your self-concept is not fixed. It is malleable, especially when you become aware of the influences that shape it. And one of the biggest influences is the inner dialogue. Your inner dialogue, or self-talk, is like the narrator (叙述者) of your personal story. Each time you think “I can’t do this,” you add to that story, and over time, these repeated messages can feel like a natural part of your self-concept. More importantly, this inner story directly shapes your actions and results. For example, a boy keeps telling himself “I’m not good at public speaking.” This makes him avoid speaking up or feel very nervous during presentations. He then sees any difficulty as a sign that his belief is true. His inner story holds him back, even though he wishes to change. If you want to change your self-concept, you must start by changing your inner story on purpose. This doesn’t mean mindlessly repeating positive statements you don’t believe. It means carefully creating a more encouraging, truthful story about who you are—and who you are becoming. Here are some ways to start changing your inner dialogue. ·Pay close attention to the repeated statements you make about yourself. Are they empowering or limiting? What you say repeatedly becomes part of your self-concept. ·Be mindful of the statements that follow “I am” and “I can.” These phrases shape how you view yourself and what you believe is possible. Choose language that supports who you want to become. ·Create simple, believable statements that paint a picture of who you want to become. For example, turn “I am terrible with people” into “I am learning to connect with others.” Then, look for real facts—from present or past experiences—that support your new story. Changing your self-concept isn’t about acting like someone you’re not. It’s about recognizing that you already have the power to be more than the old stories you’ve been telling yourself. Start with your inner dialogue. That’s where real change begins. 5．What does the word “malleable” in Paragraph 2 most probably mean? A．Able to change. B．Hard to explain. C．Quick to form. D．Free to explore. 6．Why does the writer use the example of a boy in Paragraph 3? A．To introduce what inner dialogue is. B．To show the effects of inner dialogue. C．To explain the reason for avoiding challenges. D．To give advice on expressing a personal story. 7．Which of the following would the writer most probably agree with? A．Daily actions shape self-concept the most. B．Self-concept changes naturally on its own over time. C．Inner dialogue can be shaped without considering the past. D．Self-concept change starts with purposeful inner dialogue. 8．What is the writer’s main purpose in writing this passage? A．To prove that positive self-talk leads to success. B．To discuss influential words in building self-concept. C．To encourage personal change through positive self-talk. D．To compare the influence of self-concept with that of self-talk. 3 There are certainly facts that actors experience a mixture of their real self and their assumed (假定，设定) characters. For example, Benedict Cumberbatch said, “My mum says I’m much more impatient with her when I’m filming Sherlock.” Mark Seton, a researcher at the University of Sydney, has even coined the term “post-dramatic stress disorder” to describe the lasting effects experienced by actors who lose themselves in a role. “Actors may often lengthen habits of the characters they have represented,” he writes. A recent finding doesn’t involve acting, and it shows that just spending some time thinking about another person seemed to rub off on the volunteers’ sense of self, led by Meghan Meyer at Princeton University. Across several studies, these researchers asked volunteers to first score their own personalities, memories or physical qualities, and then to perform the same task from the perspective (角度，观点，想法) of another person. For example, they might score the emotionality of various personal memories, and then rate (评估) how a friend or relative would have experienced those same events. After taking the perspective of another, the volunteers scored themselves once again; the finding was that their self-knowledge had changed— their self-scores had shifted (偏离) to become more similar to those they’d given for someone else. For example, if they had firstly said the trait term “confident” was only reasonably related to themselves and then rated the term as being strongly related to a friend’s personality, when they came to rescore themselves, they now began to see themselves as more confident. Surprisingly, this change of the self with another was still clear even if a 24-hour gap was left between taking someone else’s perspective and re-rating oneself. “By simply thinking about another person, we may adapt our self to take the shape of that person,” said Meyer and her colleagues. That our sense of self should have this quality might be a little discouraging, especially for anyone who has struggled to build a firm sense of identity (身份，特性). Yet there is an optimistic message here, too. The challenge of improving ourselves— or at least seeing ourselves in a more positive light— might be a little easier than we thought. By roleplaying or acting out the kind of person we would like to become, or simply by thinking about and spending time with people who represent the kind of qualities we would like to see in ourselves, we can find that our sense of self changes in desirable ways. “As each of us chooses who to befriend, who to model, and who to take no notice of,” write Meyer and her colleagues, “we must make these decisions aware of how they shape not only the fabric (结构) of our social networks, but even our sense of who we are.” 9．The first two paragraphs mainly ________. A．state that acting requires skills B．explain the stress that an actor faces C．show that a role has effects on the actor D．stress the importance of putting oneself into a role 10．The words “rub off on” in Paragraph 3 are closest in meaning to ________. A．influence B．strengthen C．protect D．repair 11．According to the study, taking the perspective of another person ________. A．drives one to better understand himself B．brings changes to one’s self-knowledge C．helps people deal with their identity problems D．produces short-term effects on one’s character 12．What is the writer’s main purpose in writing this passage? A．To share a means to improve ourselves. B．To offer instructions on making friends. C．To give advice on controlling one’s emotions. D．To present a way to deal with stress disorder. 4 A popular saying goes, “Sticks and stones may break my bones, but words will never hurt me.” However, that’s not really true. Words carry a weight far beyond physical effect—they have the power to build us up into confidence, or tear us down into self-doubting shadows. Whether these words come from a stranger’s casual comment , a loved one’s thoughtless remark , or our own self- talk , their effects are just as lasting. We all talk to ourselves sometimes, though many of us hide this habit out of embarrassment. In reality, this internal dialogue is a natural and even healthy part of human cognition—experts increasingly recognize that vocal self- talk improves focus, memory, and problem-solving. Be aware, though, that as much as 77% of self-talk tends to be negative. We scold ourselves for small mistakes, or dismiss (忽视) our achievements. This negative self-talk gradually destroys self-respect slowly but surely. So in order to stay positive, we must consciously practice positive self-affirmation. Celebrate the small wins—finishing a work task, acing a quiz, or even just getting out of bed on a hard day—with a sincere “Good job’” Equally important is the effect of the words we speak to others. Too often, we let words slip out without considering their weight: a critical comment that destroys, or a thoughtless remark that dismisses someone’s feelings. Yet language is a tool of connection or division. A warm “Thank you for your help” can brighten a stranger’s day and strengthen a relationship. Conversely, harsh (刻薄的) words leave scars that may never fully heal. For example, when returning an item to a store, we might use warm, friendly language during the exchange. And the clerk will probably answer in a similar manner. Our words are catching— kindness brings out kindness, while negativity fuels conflict. The lasting power of words is why we often regret things we’ve said in anger or hurry, and why unkind words spoken to us in childhood can still keep coming to our mind as adults. Before speaking, we should pause and ask three simple questions: Is it true? Is it kind? Is it necessary? If the answer to any of these is “no”, the words are better left unsaid. Words have enormous power: both positive and negative. Those around us receive encouragement when we speak positively. We can offer hope, build self-respect and motivate others to do their best. Negative words destroy all those things. Will we use our words to hurt or to heal? The choice is ours. 13．What is Paragraph 1 mainly talking about? A．Words have a lasting effect on us. B．Positive words can give us confidence. C．A popular saying about words is not true. D．Words’ effects are more lasting than physical ones. 14．What is the word “self-affirmation” in Paragraph 2 closest in meaning to? A．The act of exploring one’s own talent. B．The act of improving one’s own habits. C．The act of recognizing one’s own worth. D．The act of learning one’s own weaknesses. 15．What is the writer’s main purpose in writing this passage? A．To compare self- talk and words to others. B．To explain why negative words are common. C．To encourage readers to use words in a positive way. D．To describe how self-talk affects people’s confidence. 16．Which of the following would be the best title of the passage? A．The Power of Words B．The Reach of Words C．The Spread of Words D．The Warmth of Words 二、完形填空 Fifteen-year-old Ethan volunteered at a nursing home last winter. His task was simple: stay with the residents (居住者). But he had no idea how to 17 with people who are much older than him until he discovered a box of old-fashioned toys in the activity room. Ms. Clam, an old woman who hardly left her chair, caught his 18 as he went through the box. “Those are marbles (弹珠),” she said softly, 19 to the colorful glass balls in the box. He sat down beside her and 20 the marbles. “Want to tell me how you played them before?” To his surprise, Ms. Clam’s eyes lit up as she talked about her childhood — digging small holes in the dirt, taking turns to shoot the marbles with her thumb (大拇指), and 21 when she won a round. Ethan joined in, missing his target (目标) at first but smiling as she gently 22 him how to aim better. Soon, other residents 23 : Mr. Torres taught them to play a stick-picking game, while Mrs. Lin showed everyone how to fold paper airplanes. The nursing home’s quiet afternoons turned into 24 game time. Ethan learned that the old games weren’t just fun — they were keys to the residents’ 25 . Ms. Clam started smiling more. On his last day, she gave a handwritten 26 to him: “You didn’t just play with me — you brought back pieces of my life which I thought were 27 .” Ethan left with a new understanding: warmth is about sitting down, listening, and sharing the small 28 that crossed generations (一代代人). Those simple, forgotten games had built a 29 between him and the residents. It has 30 proved (证明) that kindness and connection are timeless. 31 he came back home, he wrote down every story in his notebook, hoping to keep the warmth alive in his heart. 17．A．agree B．connect C．share D．argue 18．A．word B．heat C．attention D．level 19．A．pointing B．turning C．falling D．running 20．A．left out B．found out C．put out D．took out 21．A．crying B．cheering C．sleeping D．walking 22．A．asked B．offered C．showed D．refused 23．A．came B．hated C．disappeared D．rushed 24．A．boring B．quiet C．lively D．scary 25．A．dreams B．memories C．problems D．choices 26．A．note B．bill C．form D．ticket 27．A．read B．lost C．broken D．invited 28．A．dolls B．games C．keys D．gifts 29．A．wall B．house C．bridge D．team 30．A．luckily B．suddenly C．hopefully D．clearly 31．A．Before B．After C．Although D．Unless 三、语法填空 How are writers using AI tools to keep up with the fast publishing industry? What effect is this having 32 their writing process (过程)? The fact is that most writers I know are using AI, whether on purpose or not. 33 (near) all tasks they do need some form of AI, including a spelling checker. But we must not allow AI to weaken our imagination and creativity. Our job as storytellers truly requires us 34 (be) as real and personal as possible. Therefore, I’d rather see AI tools used to improve the quality of a work, rather than only to speed up production. Fine art 35 (create) not in a day or a week — it usually needs a long period of time. Yes, we can use 36 (amaze) AI tools to help reduce writing work and improve writing quality. At the very least, AI can quickly point out grammar 37 (mistake) or perfect sentences. It can also find the weakness rapidly in a story or point out the problems in characters. In marketing, AI can offer 38 effective method to attract readers. These ways no doubt make it possible for the story to come out in a shorter time. When 39 (make) use of AI, we must never allow it to replace our imagination or jump the necessary step to think by 40 (us). We use AI to improve our writing, not replace our story creativity. When we are ready with a quality story, be confident that it 41 (meet) a publisher’s need. 四、书面表达 42．假定你是李华，在外教Mr. Brown的指导下，你在学校组织的英语歌剧大赛（English Opera Competition）中获得了一等奖。请给Mr. Brown写一封感谢信，主要内容包括： 1. 对Mr. Brown表示感谢； 2. Mr. Brown的帮助、你取得的进步及比赛的结果； 3. 邀请Mr. Brown到家里做客。 要求： 1. 词数80左右（开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数）； 2. 包含所有要点提示，并可适当补充，以使语句通顺，行文连贯； 3. 信中不得出现个人姓名、校名等真实信息。 Dear Mr. Brown, ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Yours, Li Hua ( 1 / 2 )学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $