专题08 人教版必修第一册Welcome Unit 新词预习+状语从句（结构化知识+题型提升练）2026年暑假新高一英语衔接与突破

2026年暑假新高一英语衔接与突破（结构化知识+题型提升练） 专题08 人教版必修第一册Welcome Unit新词预习1+状语从句 目录 第一部分 必备知识结构化清单 梳理必备的语言知识点，夯实语言基础能力 第二部分 知识强化题型拓展练 必备知识与能力提升练，提升语言运用能力 ◇Part 01 必备知识结构化清单 新｜课｜预｜习 新词预习 背诵清单 Ⅰ.核心词汇 1.exchange 　　n.交换; 交流 vt. 交换; 交流;交易; 兑换 2.lecture n.讲座;讲课;教训 vi.(开)讲座;讲课 vt.训斥 3.sex n.性别 4.female adj. 女(性)的; 雌的 n.雌性动(植)物;女子 5.male adj.男(性)的; 雄的 n.雄性动(植)物;男子 6.campus n.校园; 校区 7.formal adj. 正式的 ;正规的 8.senior adj.级别(或地位)高的 n.较年长的人 9.outgoing 　　　adj.爱交际的;外向的 10.guy n.小伙子;男人;家伙 11.experiment n.实验;试验 12.awkward adj.令人尴尬的; 难对付的 13.forward adv. (also forwards)向前;前进 adj.向前的;前进的 14.flash n. 光; 信号 vi. 闪耀; 闪光;发出信号 vt. 使闪耀;发出(信号) 15.goal n.目标; 球门;射门 16.strategy n.策略;策划 17.partner n.同伴; 配偶;合伙人 18.company n.公司;商行; 陪伴 19.style n.方式; 作风 Ⅱ.拓展词汇 1.register vt.& vi.登记;注册→registration n.登记;注册;挂号 2.nation n.国家; 民族; 国民→nationality n.国籍; 民族 3.design n.设计; 设计方案 vt.设计;筹划→designer n. 设计者 4.anxious adj.焦虑的; 不安的→anxiety n.焦虑;不安 5.annoy vt.使恼怒; 打扰→annoyed adj.(人)感到恼怒的;生气的→annoying adj.(物)令人恼怒的;令人生气的 6.frighten vt.使惊吓→ frightened adj.(人)受惊吓的;(人感到)害怕的→frightening adj.(物)吓人的;(物)令人害怕的 7.impress vt.使钦佩;给……留下深刻的好印象 vi.留下印象;引人注目→ impression n. 印象;感想→impressive adj.给人留下深刻印象的;令人钦佩的 8.concentrate vt.&vi.集中(注意力);聚精会神→concentration n. 专心;专注;集中 9.explore vt.& vi. 探索;勘探→exploration n.探索;探究→ explorer n.探险者;考察者 10.confidence n.信心; 信任→confident adj.自信的;有把握的 11.organise/organize vt.组织; 筹备; 安排;组建 vi.组建;成立→organised/organized adj.有组织的;有秩序的→ organisation/organization n.组织; 团体; 机构→organiser/organizer n.组织者 12.improve vi.&vt.改进;改善→improvement n.改善;改进 13.curious adj.好奇的; 求知欲强的→curiosity n.好奇;好奇心→curiously adv.好奇地 14.personal adj.个人的;私人的→ personality n.性格;个性 Ⅲ.重点短语 1.senior high school　　　(美国)高中 2.at last 终于;最终 3.make an impression/leave a good impression 留下好印象 4.concentrate on 集中精力于 5.leave...alone 　　　不打扰;不惊动 6.junior high school (美国)初级中学 7.look forward to 盼望;期待 8.flash card 教学卡片;识字卡 9.be curious about 对……感到好奇 默写清单 Ⅰ.核心词汇 1.____________ 　　n.交换; 交流 vt. 交换; 交流;交易; 兑换 2.____________ n.讲座;讲课;教训 vi.(开)讲座;讲课 vt.训斥 3.____________ n.性别 4.____________ adj. 女(性)的; 雌的 n.雌性动(植)物;女子 5.____________ adj.男(性)的; 雄的 n.雄性动(植)物;男子 6.____________ n.校园; 校区 7.____________ adj. 正式的 ;正规的 8.____________ adj.级别(或地位)高的 n.较年长的人 9.____________ 　　　adj.爱交际的;外向的 10.____________ n.小伙子;男人;家伙 11.____________ n.实验;试验 12.____________ adj.令人尴尬的; 难对付的 13.____________ adv. (also forwards)向前;前进 adj.向前的;前进的 14.____________ n. 光; 信号 vi. 闪耀; 闪光;发出信号 vt. 使闪耀;发出(信号) 15.____________ n.目标; 球门;射门 16.____________ n.策略;策划 17.____________ n.同伴; 配偶;合伙人 18.____________ n.公司;商行; 陪伴 19.____________ n.方式; 作风 Ⅱ.拓展词汇 1.____________ vt.& vi.登记;注册→____________ n.登记;注册;挂号 2.____________ n.国家; 民族; 国民→____________ n.国籍; 民族 3.____________ n.设计; 设计方案 vt.设计;筹划→____________ n. 设计者 4.____________ adj.焦虑的; 不安的→____________ n.焦虑;不安 5.____________ vt.使恼怒; 打扰→____________ adj.(人)感到恼怒的;生气的→____________ adj.(物)令人恼怒的;令人生气的 6.____________ vt.使惊吓→ ____________ adj.(人)受惊吓的;(人感到)害怕的→____________ adj.(物)吓人的;(物)令人害怕的 7.____________ vt.使钦佩;给……留下深刻的好印象 vi.留下印象;引人注目→ ____________ n. 印象;感想→____________ adj.给人留下深刻印象的;令人钦佩的 8.____________ vt.&vi.集中(注意力);聚精会神→____________ n. 专心;专注;集中 9.____________ vt.& vi. 探索;勘探→____________ n.探索;探究→ ____________ n.探险者;考察者 10.____________ n.信心; 信任→____________ adj.自信的;有把握的 11.____________ vt.组织; 筹备; 安排;组建 vi.组建;成立→____________ adj.有组织的;有秩序的→ ____________ n.组织; 团体; 机构→____________ n.组织者 12.____________ vi.&vt.改进;改善→____________ n.改善;改进 13.____________ adj.好奇的; 求知欲强的→____________ n.好奇;好奇心→____________ adv.好奇地 14.____________ adj.个人的;私人的→ ____________ n.性格;个性 Ⅲ.重点短语 1.____________　　　(美国)高中 2.____________ 终于;最终 3.____________ 留下好印象 4.____________ 集中精力于 5.____________ 　　　不打扰;不惊动 6.____________ (美国)初级中学 7.____________ 盼望;期待 8.____________ 教学卡片;识字卡 9.____________ 对……感到好奇 语篇预习 Ⅰ.Read Para. 1 carefully and do the following exercises. 1.Why did Han Jing feel anxious before school? ___________________________________ 2.What did Han Jing want to do on her first day of senior high school? ___________________________________ Ⅱ.Read Para. 2 carefully and do the following exercises. How was her first maths class? It was ______________ but ______________. Ⅲ.Read Para. 3 carefully and do the following exercises. 1.What happened in the chemistry class? A guy next to Han Jing ______________ and she ______________.  2.What would you do if this happened to you? ___________________________________ Ⅳ.Read Para. 4 carefully and do the following exercises. 1.How does Han Jing feel after a day? A.More frightened.　　 B.More curious. C.More confident. D.More awkward. 2.It can be inferred from the text that Han Jing will ______.  A.feel awkward and frightened at senior high school B.be short of confidence in her future C.get used to her new school life little by little D.find it easy to keep up with her classmates 答案： Ⅰ.1.Because she is not outgoing.  2.She hoped to make a good impression.  Ⅱ.It was difficult but interesting. Ⅲ.1.A guy next to Han Jing kept on talking with her and she couldn’t concentrate on the experiment.  2.I would tell him to keep quiet or I would report him to my teacher!  Ⅳ.1.C 2. C 知｜识｜回｜顾 状语从句 一、从句种类 从句类型 核心引导词 从句作用 时态规则 时间状语从句 when/while/as; before/after; until/till; since; as soon as/the moment 修饰动词，表动作发生时间 主将从现；主过从过；since后常用一般过去时 条件状语从句 if/unless; as long as; on condition that; suppose 表动作发生条件 真实条件：主将从现；虚拟条件：时态倒退 原因状语从句 because/as/since; now that; seeing that 说明动作发生原因 时态随事实匹配，无强制时态固定规则 让步状语从句 though/although/even though; while; whatever/no matter what 表转折、让步，“虽然、尽管” though不与but连用，可和yet/still搭配 目的状语从句 so that/in order that; lest/in case 表主句动作的目的 从句常搭配情态动词can/could/may/might 结果状语从句 so…that/such…that; so that 表主句带来的结果 so修饰形容词/副词；such修饰名词短语 比较状语从句 than; as…as; the+比较级…the+比较级 表两者对比、程度差异 前后时态保持一致 地点状语从句 where/wherever 表动作发生地点 可放句首或句末 方式状语从句 as/as if/as though 表动作发生方式 as if常使用虚拟语气表不真实情况 二、从句引导词及用法 （一）时间状语从句 1.when / while / as引导的时间状语从句 when：既可接短暂性动词，也可接延续性动词 例句：When I arrived home, my mother was cooking.（我到家时妈妈正在做饭。） while：只接延续性动词，从句多用进行时 例句：While my father was reading, I was doing my homework. as：强调“一边……一边”，同步动作 例句：She sang as she walked along the street. 2.before / after引导的时间状语从句 例句：Wait until I finish my work before you leave.（你等我完工再走。） 3.until / till（直到）引导的时间状语从句 肯定句：主句延续动词；否定句：not…until 直到……才 例句：I will wait here until you come back. I didn’t go to bed until my dad returned. 4.since（自从）引导的时间状语从句 规则：since从句一般过去时，主句现在完成时 例句：We have lived here since we moved to this city. 5.as soon as/the moment/immediately(一……就……)引导的时间状语从句 例句：I’ll call you the moment I get the news. 注意：if/when/as soon as引导时间、条件从句，从句一般现在表将来 例句：I will tell him the truth when I see him tomorrow. （二）条件状语从句 1.真实条件（大概率发生） ①if 如果；unless = if…not 除非 例句：If it rains tomorrow, we will cancel the trip. You won’t pass the exam unless you study hard. ②as long as 只要 例句：You can borrow my book as long as you keep it clean. 2.虚拟条件（与事实相反） 例句：If I were you, I would accept this offer.（与现在事实相反） （三）原因状语从句 1.because（最强，回答why提问） 例句：He stayed at home because he was ill. 2.as / since（显而易见的原因，放句首居多） 例句：Since everyone is here, let’s start the class. 3.now that 既然 例句：Now that you know the secret, I don’t hide it anymore. （四）让步状语从句（高频考点） 1.though / although 虽然（不能和but连用，可加yet/still） 错误：Although he is tired, but he keeps working. 正确：Although he is tired, he still keeps working. 2.even though / even if 即使 例句：Even though it rained heavily, we went hiking. 3.no matter + wh- = wh-ever 无论…… 例句：No matter what you say, I won’t change my mind. = Whatever you say, I won’t change my mind. （五）目的状语从句 1.so that / in order that 以便、为了（从句常用can/could/may/might） 例句：He gets up early so that he can catch the first bus. 2.in case 以防 例句：Take an umbrella in case it rains. （六）结果状语从句 1.so + 形容词/副词 + that… 如此……以至于 例句：The movie was so moving that many people cried. 2.such + (a/an) 形容词 + 名词 + that… 例句：It is such a wonderful novel that I read it twice. 3.so that 因此（表顺承结果） 例句：He missed the bus so that he was late for school. （七）比较状语从句 1.as…as 和……一样（中间用原级） 例句：She runs as fast as her elder brother. 2.比较级 + than 比……更 例句：This classroom is bigger than that one. 3.the + 比较级，the + 比较级 越……越…… 例句：The more you practice, the better your English will be. （八）地点状语从句 引导词：where（……的地方）、wherever（无论哪里） 例句：Plant trees where there is plenty of sunlight. Wherever you go, I will miss you. （九）方式状语从句 1.as 按照、像 例句：Do everything as the teacher tells you. 2.as if / as though 好像（真实用陈述，虚假用虚拟） 真实：It looks as if it is going to rain. 虚拟（与现在不符）：He talks as if he knew everything. 基｜础｜练｜习 一、根据语篇内容或所给的词的适当形式填空。 This morning, I was a little anxious. What 1._______ no one would talk to me on the first school day and how could I make a good first 2._______ (impress)? However, in my first maths class, I found my teachers and most of the classmates 3._______ (friend) and helpful. This afternoon, I had our chemistry class in the science lab. Though the lab is new and the lesson 4._______(be) great, the guy next to me kept on 5._______(talk) to me, so I couldn’t concentrate 6._______ the experiment. I wanted to tell him to be quiet and leave 7._______(I) alone. At night, I realized how wrong I was when I thought that no one would talk to me. The things that happened on the first school day 8._______ (make) a deep impression on me, so I feel much 9._______(confident) and think tomorrow will be 10._______ great day.  答案：1.if 2.impression 3.friendly 4.was 5.talking 6.on 7.me 8.made 9.more confident 10.a 二、根据上述语篇的内容，完成表格中对语篇中的状语从句的用法分析。 原句 引导词 从句类型 从句结构 主句结构 时态搭配规律 1 Though the lab is new and the lesson is great, the guy next to me kept on talking to me, ... 2 At night, I realized how wrong I was when I thought that no one would talk to me. 参考答案： 原句 引导词 从句类型 从句结构 主句结构 时态搭配规律 1 Though the lab is new and the lesson is great, the guy next to me kept on talking to me, ... Though 让步状语从句） the lab is new and the lesson is great（主系表，一般现在时） 主句：the guy next to me kept on talking to me（主谓，一般过去时） 1. Though引导客观现状用一般现在时； 2. though与but不能连用，句内用so承接结果 2 At night, I realized how wrong I was when I thought that no one would talk to me. when 时间状语从句 when从句：I thought that no one would talk to me（主谓+宾语从句，一般过去时） 主句：I realized how wrong I was（主谓+宾语从句，一般过去时） when引导过去同步发生的动作，主从句均用一般过去时；从句内部嵌套宾语从句，用过去将来时would表过去预想 ◇Part 02 知识强化题型拓展练 一、阅读理解 1 Runners who encounter visual and auditory (听觉的) distractions (分心) may be more likely to suffer leg injuries, according to a research by the Association of Academic Physiatrists in Las Vegas. Runners often seek distractions from the task at hand. Whether it is music, texting, daydreaming, taking in the sights, or propping a book up on the treadmill (跑步机), more often than not a distraction is welcome. But researchers from the University of Florida have recently discovered that those distractions may lead to injury. Daniel Herman, MD, PhD, assistant professor at University of Florida, and his team conducted research on the effect of visual and auditory distractions on 14 runners to determine what effect, if any, these distractions would have on things such as heart rate, how much a runner breathes per minute, how much oxygen is consumed by the body, the speed in which runners apply force to their bodies, and the force the ground applies to the runners’ bodies when they come in contact with it. The runners were all injury free at the time of the study and ran 31 miles each week. Dr. Herman’s team had each participant run on a treadmill three separate times. The first time was without any distractions. The second time added a visual distraction during which the runners concentrated on a screen displaying different letters in different colors with the runners having to note when a specific letter-color combination appeared. The third time added an auditory distraction similar to the visual distraction, with the runners having to note when a particular word was spoken by a particular voice. When compared to running without distractions, the participants had faster application of force to their left and right legs, called loading rate, with auditory and visual distractions. They also experienced an increased amount of force from the ground on both legs, called ground reaction force, with auditory distractions. Finally, the runners tended to breathe heavier and have higher heart rates with visual and auditory distractions than without any distractions at all. “Running in environments with different distractions may unfavorably affect running performance and injury risk,” explains Dr. Herman. “Sometimes these things cannot be avoided, but you may be able to minimize potentially cumulative (累积的) effects. For example, when running a new route in a chaotic environment such as during a destination marathon, you may want to skip listening to something which may require more attention—like a new song playlist.” Dr. Herman’s team will continue to investigate the potential relationship between distracted running and leg injuries, and any effect this relationship has on different training techniques that use auditory or visual cues. 1．Paragraph 2 tells us the research ________. A．process B．questions C．results D．reflection 2．Based on the research, runners with auditory distractions tended to ________. A．get an increased amount of ground reaction force B．gain a faster speed with slower loading rates C．apply more force with less oxygen consumption D．breathe heavier and have lower heart rates 3．What can we infer from the passage? A．Running with distractions becomes uncommon nowadays. B．Listening to a new song while running guarantees performance. C．Runners are advised to minimize distractions in a destination marathon. D．Runners are more likely to get injured in an environment without distractions. 4．What is probably the next task for Dr. Herman’s team? A．What determines training techniques. B．What effective ways can cure leg injuries. C．Why runners use auditory and visual cues. D．How distractions should be used in training. 2 The convenience of looking up facts on a phone anytime is a modern wonder, but are we becoming unwilling to think? A new study shows that the more we use the Internet for information recall, the more we will do so in the future. Psychologists first asked people a set of difficult questions. One group was told to use a search engine to answer them, while the other group had to answer from memory. Next, both groups were given easier questions and offered the choice of whether to search online or not. It turned out that the people who had used the search engine before were more likely to use it again—even when it was more inconvenient, like having to open a browser and type the question. This shows that once we start relying on the Internet, we tend to keep doing it. It would be unreasonable to draw the conclusion that no one will bother remembering anything at all. But such a conclusion may still be used as grist to the mill for those who argue that the Internet makes us stupid. The truth, of course, depends on what “stupid” means. If we all come to increase our “cognitive offloading (认知的卸载)” onto the Internet, that may simply promote a shift in the way we value mental abilities. Since recall of facts is now so easy through the Internet, we may just become less impressed by factual knowledge, and more impressed by understanding and creativity. It may help put things in a clear light to recall that such argument was already carried out at the very birth of Western culture. An ancient Egyptian inventor showed the Egyptian king his inventions and he was particularly proud of writing, “This invention will make the Egyptians wiser.” But the king thought the opposite. Writing, he argued, would “produce forgetfulness in people’s minds, because they won’t practice their memory.” Writing itself is just as much an external technology as the Internet is. Writing is also a tool of extended cognition. The difference is that we have had thousands of years to get used to it. The truth about the question of whether our reliance on modern electronic devices is better or worse for us is that it’s simply too early to tell. Of course, this doesn’t mean laziness is good. But what looks like laziness today might become a new way of thinking tomorrow. 5．What did online searching cause in the new study? A．Mental effort. B．Habitual dependence. C．Poor memory. D．Information confusion. 6．What does the underlined phrase “grist to the mill” in Paragraph 3 mean? A．Effective support. B．Real concern. C．Clear doubt. D．Mild opposition. 7．Why is the story of the Egyptian king mentioned? A．To help us understand what kind of effects a new technology can have on people’s minds. B．To explain how the invention of writing first came into being and how it started. C．To compare different kinds of inventions and see how they are different from one another. D．To show that people in the past had the same worries about new things as we do. 8．What can be the best title for the passage? A．How New Tools Change Our Brain B．Is the Internet Making Minds Lazy? C．Internet or Memory: Which to Choose? D．Cognitive Offloading: A New Choice 3 Today, the world is highly competitive. Governments, companies and individuals (个人) are all competing to be the best in the society. It is true that competition leads to better products and services; many people, especially parents, believe that being competitive is helpful for children because it prepares them for the modern world. However, is competition the first thing that our society needs? Schools teach students to compete for better grades, while in businesses, people are better paid for their competitive performances. However, none of them realizes the adverse effects competition has on the society. For two companies in a competition, one will surely lose then disappear, while the other remains stronger in the market. If this is popular in a country, the number of companies may drop, and then the economy (经济)  gets worse. Besides, competition may result in distrust in society. Cooperation (合作) presents a different picture. Competition breaks relationships, while cooperation strengthens relationships. When we cooperate with others, we meet new people, we get to know new things, we share thoughts, we help each other and we succeed together. Cooperation focuses on the growth and development of everyone, as many people work together toward a common goal. This way, everyone is equally (相同地) developed. The processes of cooperation have played an important role in shaping history. Let’s discuss the example of the UN (United Nations). The UN’s calling is to keep world peace and create harmony (和谐). All nations have cooperated and will keep cooperating with one another to fight for a better future for the whole world. Sports also provide us with a good example of cooperation. Think about how all members of the team forget who they themselves are and work only for the benefit of the team. Although sports are competitive by nature, when there is cooperation between the members, they encourage and support each other, and they get a greater chance of winning. The development of both society and individual today depends on not just healthy competition but cooperation. Unfortunately, people are not taught cooperative skills at an early age, and this has encouraged a culture of competition in today’s society. The skills of cooperation should be included in the educational system for children in their early ages. This way, children grow up into adults who value and welcome cooperation, which brings out the best in us. 9．According to the passage, competition causes ________. A．helpful suggestions and ideas B．excellent products and services C．responsible children and parents D．confident performances and voice 10．What does the underlined word “adverse” in Paragraph 2 probably mean? A．Harmful. B．Various. C．Helpful. D．Supportive. 11．What can we learn from the passage? A．The economy can grow rapidly in competition. B．Sportsmen should not be cooperative to win the game. C．The UN was set up to call on people to create competition. D．Kids should not just learn the skills of competition. 12．The writer probably agrees that ________. A．people should value competition more than cooperation B．people can perform better in competition than cooperation C．people can benefit more from cooperation than competition D．people should depend more on competition than cooperation 4 You’ve probably pressed a like button many times today, or kept checking what you posted as the like count rises. But why do we like the like button so much? In 2018, neuroscientist Lauren Sherman and her team studied that question. They asked 58 teens to choose some photos they had posted recently. Each teen then viewed the photos chosen by the whole group on a specially-designed social media that included a like button. They did so while lying in an fMRI (功能磁共振成像) machine, which allowed researchers to see if the brain lit up when they hit the like button — and if so, what parts of it. Sure enough, there was activity, and a lot of it. In the experiment, when teens saw their own photos with many likes, their brains showed activity in many different areas. Notably, Sherman also found that viewing photos with many (compared with few) likes was related to greater brain activity. That means we don’t just like to receive likes; we also like things more when other people have liked them. Why do we like likes so much? According to Nicholas Christakis, a sociologist at Yale University, it is because “the like button is built on the back of evolutionary (进化的) biology.” All animals learn and evolve as they interact with a challenging world, from experience they get through trying and making mistakes, but only certain primates (灵长类动物) have the ability to learn from others’ experience. This social learning allowed early humans to raise their chances of survival by avoiding mistakes they saw others making, and copying the successful moves. This helps explain why human beings have the preference for “mild hierarchy” (轻微等级制度). In the animal world, animals become leaders by force. Humans, however, recognize the one from whom they learn most as the leader. Members follow standout performers considering what they have done and how well they share the lessons to be taken from their experience. The evolved social learning ability also helps develop our habits of expressing thankfulness. Because we are willing to keep learning, we show thankfulness in a way that encourages others to keep sharing. For example, we give likes to their posts. In turn, they respond to the likes they receive. It’s what keeps us sharing what we discover. All this explains why we have evolved to enjoy liking and being liked. What has been chosen in human evolution is not just physical characteristics, but also urges (冲动) and feelings. And this is the very deep psychological (心理的) area the like button was able to tap in to. Seeing likes come in gives us pleasure. Giving a like, knowing it will make someone happy, also makes us feel good. This is the key to the rise of the like button: Its popularity has very much to do with something fundamental in our biology. 13．Why does the writer introduce the experiment in Paragraphs 2 and 3? A．To explain why seeing likes causes brain activity. B．To prove that liking behavior is supported by biology. C．To suggest a biological method to study brain activity. D．To stress the difference between giving and receiving likes. 14．According to the passage, what might social learning allow people to do? A．Respect those who rise to the top by force. B．Make more knowledgeable friends by giving likes. C．Use likes to encourage sharing what can be learned. D．Survive better by telling others how to correct mistakes. 15．Which of the following would the writer most probably agree with? A．Liking behavior results from the evolution of social media. B．Human’s social learning ability evolved first to choose leaders. C．Seeing our liked photos causes greater brain activity than seeing others’. D．The pleasure of liking and being liked has popularized the like button. 16．Which of the following is the best title for this passage? A．Humans Evolved to Like Likes B．The Evolution of Ways to Give Likes C．The Like Button Evolved with the Times D．Liked by Others: Human Evolution’s Driving Force 二、完形填空 阅读短文，从每小题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 Last Saturday afternoon, sunlight filled the kitchen as I decided to learn how to make dumplings from my grandmother. I felt excited and 17 , thinking it looked easy when Grandma did it with her skilled hands. Grandma began patiently. She showed me 18 to press the dough (面团) into a round shape and put the filling in the middle. Then, she 19 it and pressed the edges (边缘) together. In just a few seconds, she had made a perfect dumpling. “Your 20 ,” she said kindly. I started with hope, but my dough was not smooth—too thin in some places, too 21 in others—and the filling kept falling out. My first dumpling looked rather strange. “I can’t do it,” I said, feeling 22 . Grandma placed a gentle hand on my shoulder. “ 23 gets it perfect the first time. The secret is not to 24 . Watch my hands again, and feel the dough with your 25 .” This time, I watched closely, noticing her gentle pressure. I took a deep breath and tried again, focusing on (专注于) each step. The next one wasn’t pretty, but it was better. I kept going. After about ten tries, I 26 made one that looked almost like Grandma’s—not perfect, but it stood upright (直立的) and held its filling. A strong feeling of 27 came over me. Grandma smiled warmly. “You see? Through practice and patience, anything is 28 .” That evening, as our family gathered to eat, I could easily 29 my own dumplings among the beautiful ones. When I tasted them, I felt happy — not just because of the delicious food, but also 30 the joy of learning and the warmth of Grandma’ s teaching. 31 , I realize we weren’t just making dumplings. We were creating a memory filled with patience and love. 17．A．confident B．nervous C．calm D．bored 18．A．what B．how C．when D．where 19．A．shook B．broke C．folded D．moved 20．A．choice B．order C．time D．turn 21．A．soft B．thick C．long D．small 22．A．proud B．pleased C．disappointed D．relaxed 23．A．Nobody B．Everybody C．Somebody D．Anybody 24．A．wait B．rush C．stop D．push 25．A．eyes B．arms C．fingers D．legs 26．A．finally B．quickly C．suddenly D．recently 27．A．fear B．pride C．hope D．surprise 28．A．difficult B．wonderful C．possible D．important 29．A．serve B．hide C．break D．find 30．A．from B．with C．about D．between 31．A．Looking up B．Looking out C．Looking back D．Looking around 三、语法填空 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适当的词或填入括号中单词的正确形式。 Chinese-made aircraft (国产飞机) are playing an important role in protecting the country’s green mountains. Many newly developed large unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs,无人机) 32 (show) their great ability to protect the environment. In recent years, they have been 33 (wide) used to put out forest fires and finish other dangerous tasks. In mid-March 2024, Yajiang County in Sichuan Province faced 34 big challenge when a serious forest fire broke out suddenly. Luckily, new types of Chinese-made aircraft soon joined the firefighting work. They helped people learn 35 was happening in the fire. UAVs provided real-time heat pictures and detailed maps to help workers make 36 (science) firefighting plans. At the same time, fixed-wing aircraft 37 (drop) water on certain areas, stopping the fire quickly and saving more green forests. This was China’s first use of large UAVs in firefighting, which showed 38 (they) big advantages and offered a new way to avoid natural disasters. These aircraft also do other 39 (use) jobs. For example, MA-60 aircraft have been used 40 both firefighting and spring drought (干旱) relief. In the spring of 2024, they increased rainfall rounds in Shaanxi Province and helped deal with bad weather problems. Clear waters and green mountains are natural and social treasures. With better technology, more Chinese-made aircraft 41 (develop) soon. They will reduce natural disasters’ influence and protect people’s lives and property (财产) successfully. 四、书面表达 42．假设你是李华，你的加拿大笔友Tony即将来中国进行为期一年的交换学习。他热爱中文和中国文化，在来信中向你询问学好中文的实用方法以及中国餐桌礼仪的注意事项。 请你根据以下提示内容，给他写一封回信。 要求： （1）短文必须包含所有提示信息，并适当发挥； （2）80词左右（开头和结尾都已给出，不计入总词数）； （3）文中不得出现真实人名和校名。 Dear Tony, I’m very glad to receive your letter. In your letter, you asked about how to learn Chinese well and how to behave properly at the table. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Looking forward to seeing you in China soon. Yours, Li Hua 参考答案 一、 1 1．B 2．A 3．C 4．D 【解析】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲述了拉斯维加斯学术物理医学协会的一项研究，发现跑步时受到视觉和听觉分心的干扰可能会增加腿部受伤的风险，并详细介绍了佛罗里达大学Daniel Herman博士团队的研究过程、结果及建议。 1．第二段指出：“Daniel Herman, MD, PhD...and his team conducted research on the effect of visual and auditory distractions on 14 runners to determine what effect, if any, these distractions would have on things such as heart rate...”，该段主要介绍这项研究要探究的问题：分心对心率、呼吸、发力、地面作用力等方面的影响。 2．第四段说明结果：“They also experienced an increased amount of force from the ground on both legs, called ground reaction force, with auditory distractions.”，这直接说明有听觉分心干扰的跑步者会受到更大的地面反作用力。 3．第五段引用Dr. Herman的建议：“when running a new route in a chaotic environment such as during a destination marathon, you may want to skip listening to something which may require more attention”，由此可以推断在目的地马拉松中，跑步者被建议尽量减少分心干扰。 4．最后一段指出：“Dr. Herman’s team will continue to investigate the potential relationship between distracted running and leg injuries, and any effect this relationship has on different training techniques that use auditory or visual cues.”，说明团队下一步的任务是研究分心干扰在训练中应该如何使用。 2 5．B 6．A 7．D 8．B 【解析】本文主要讨论了人们过度依赖互联网获取信息可能导致的“认知卸载”现象，并通过历史类比分析了对新技术的担忧是否合理。 5．文章第二段最后一句“This shows that once we start relying on the Internet, we tend to keep doing it.”指出，一旦人们开始依赖互联网搜索，就会倾向于持续这样做，即形成习惯性依赖。 6．文章第三段第二句“But such a conclusion may still be used as grist to the mill for those who argue that the Internet makes us stupid.”指出，这种结论可能被那些认为互联网使人变蠢的人用作“grist to the mill”。结合语境，此处表示为他们提供支持其观点的论据，因此该短语意为“有效的支持”。 7．文章第四段通过古埃及国王反对文字发明的故事，与当下人们对互联网的担忧形成类比。第五段最后两句“The truth...is that it’s simply too early to tell...what looks like laziness today might become a new way of thinking tomorrow.”指出，现在判断互联网是好是坏为时过早，今天的懒惰可能成为明天的思维方式。因此提到埃及国王的故事是为了说明古人对新技术也有同样的担忧。 8．文章第一段提出问题“are we becoming unwilling to think”；第二段用实验说明人们会习惯性依赖互联网；第三段讨论“认知卸载”及对智力价值评判标准的变化；第四、五段用文字发明的历史类比说明对新技术的担忧自古有之；最后一段指出现在下结论为时过早。全文围绕“互联网是否正在让思维变懒”这一核心问题展开讨论。因此B项“互联网是否让思维变懒？”最适合作标题。 3 9．B 10．A 11．D 12．C 【解析】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲述了当今社会无论是个人，学生还是公司都存在竞争，竞争有好的一面也有坏的一面，而合作却给我们展示了另一个不同的画面，社会和个人的发展不仅取决于健康的竞争，而且取决于合作，合作技能应该包括在儿童早期的教育制度中。 9．文章第一段第三句表明原因：“It is true that competition leads to better products and services”，这说明竞争导致了优秀的产品和服务。 10．文章第二段指出：“For two companies in a competition, one will surely lose then disappear...economy gets worse. Besides, competition may result in distrust”，这里描述的是竞争带来的负面、有害的影响，可推测出“adverse”意为“有害的”，与“Harmful”意思相近。 11．文章最后一段指出：“The skills of cooperation should be included in the educational system for children”，这表明孩子不应只学习竞争技能，还应学习合作技能。 12．通读全文，作者虽然承认竞争有一定作用，但重点强调了合作能加强关系、促进共同成长、维护和平以及带来最佳状态，并呼吁在教育中加入合作技能。因此作者认为人们能从合作中获得比竞争更多的益处。 4 13．B 14．C 15．D 16．A 【解析】本文主要从神经科学和进化生物学的角度解释了人们为什么如此喜欢“点赞”按钮，指出点赞行为的流行与人类进化中的社会学习能力和生理基础密切相关。 13．根据第2段和第3段中描述的Lauren Sherman团队的实验，以及第4段开头“Why do we like likes so much? According to Nicholas Christakis... it is because ‘the like button is built on the back of evolutionary biology.’”可知，实验是为了证明点赞行为有生物学基础。 14．根据第5段中“we give likes to their posts. In turn, they respond to the likes they receive. It’s what keeps us sharing what we discover.”可知，社会学习让人们通过点赞来鼓励分享可以学习的东西。 15．根据最后一段“Seeing likes come in gives us pleasure. Giving a like, knowing it will make someone happy, also makes us feel good. This is the key to the rise of the like button”可知，喜欢和被喜欢的愉悦感使得点赞按钮流行起来。 16．文章从进化生物学角度解释人类为什么喜欢点赞，核心观点是“人类进化出喜欢点赞的倾向”。 二、 17．A 18．B 19．C 20．D 21．B 22．C 23．A 24．C 25．C 26．A 27．B 28．C 29．D 30．A 31．C 【解析】本文讲述作者向奶奶学包饺子的经历。从失败到成功，作者体会到坚持的意义，感受到学习的乐趣以及奶奶教导中的爱与温暖。 17．句意：我感到既兴奋又自信，因为看奶奶用灵巧的双手做起来觉得很容易。 根据后文“thinking it looked easy”可知，作者心态积极，此处与excited并列，confident表示“自信的”，符合语境。 18．句意：她向我展示如何把面团压成圆形并把馅放在中间。 此处是宾语从句，根据从句内容“to press the dough into a round shape and put the filling in the middle.”可知，表示展示做饺子的方法方式，应用how来引导，表示“怎样”，符合语境。 19．句意：然后，她把它折起来，把边缘捏合在一起。 根据下半句“pressed the edges together.”可知，此处是指包饺子的实际步骤，结合常识，放馅后需将面皮对折。folded表示“折叠”，符合包饺子流程。 20．句意：“轮到你了”她和蔼地说。 根据下文“I started with hope, but my dough was not smooth”我开始包饺子，可知此处是奶奶示范完让作者尝试，固定搭配Your turn意为“轮到你了”，符合语境。 21．句意：我满怀希望开始，我的面团不光滑——有的地方太薄，有的地方太厚——并且馅一直往外掉。 根据前文“too thin in some places”可知，此处与前文形成对比，thin的反义词是thick表示“厚的”，与thin构成对应关系，符合语境。 22．句意：“我做不好，”我说，感到很失望。 根据前文“My first dumpling looked rather strange.”饺子形状奇怪，而且作者说做不到，可知，此处指情绪低落，disappointed表示“失望的”，符合语境。 23．句意：没人第一次就能做到完美。 根据上文“Grandma placed a gentle hand on my shoulder.”可知，奶奶是在安慰作者，意在说明初次尝试不完美是正常的，Nobody表示“没有人”，符合语境。 24．句意：秘诀是不要停下。 根据后文“This time, I watched closely, noticing her gentle pressure.”作者继续尝试可知，此处是奶奶鼓励作者要坚持，不要放弃不要停止，stop表示“停止”，符合语境。 25．句意：再看我的手，用你的手指感受一下面团。 根据“feel the dough”以及常识，可知感受面团的软硬触感需用手指触摸，fingers表示“手指”，适合用于精细触感体验。 26．句意：试了大约十次之后，我终于做出了一个看起来几乎像奶奶做的——并不完美，但是它是直立的并包裹住了它的馅。 根据“After about ten tries”可知，经过多次尝试过程不易，最终成功用finally表示“终于”，体现经过努力后的结果，符合语境。 27．句意：一股强烈的自豪感涌上心头。 根据“made one that looked almost like Grandma’s”可知，成功做出饺子，且得到奶奶表扬，可知此处作者应感到骄傲。pride表示“自豪”，符合成功后的心理状态。 28．句意：通过练习与耐心，一切皆有可能。 根据“Through practice and patience”可知，此处是指经过联系和耐心能够学会包饺子，固定搭配anything is possible表示“一切皆有可能”，强调坚持能成功，possible表示“可能的”，符合语境。 29．句意：那天晚上，家人一起吃，我很容易就在那些漂亮的饺子里找到了自己包的那几个。 根据后半句“among the beautiful ones. ”可知，作者能从众多饺子中辨认出自己的。find表示“找到”，符合逻辑和语境。 30．句意：我感到开心，不仅因为美食，还因为来自学习的乐趣和奶奶教导的温暖。 根据“the joy of learning and the warmth of Grandma’ s teaching”可知，此处表示快乐的来源，应用from表示“来自”，符合语境。 31．句意：回首整件事，我意识到我们不只是包饺子。 根据文章结尾总结升华，可知此处是表示回忆这段经历。Looking back表示“回首”，符合回顾过去的语境。 三、 32．have shown 33．widely 34．a 35．what 36．scientific 37．dropped 38．their 39．useful 40．for 41．will be developed 【解析】本文主要讲述了国产飞机正为守护绿水青山贡献力量。近年来，多款新型大型无人机在森林火灾扑救、灾害防控等任务中表现亮眼，成为生态保护的得力帮手。 32．句意：许多新研发的大型无人机已经展现出它们在环境保护方面的强大能力。句中主语是Many newly developed large unmanned aerial vehicles，强调“已经展现出能力”这个对现在有影响的结果，要用现在完成时（have/has+过去分词），主语是复数，所以用have shown。 33．句意：近年来，它们被广泛用于扑灭森林火灾以及完成其他危险任务。空缺的词修饰动词used，修饰动词需要用副词，wide的副词形式是widely，表示“广泛地”。 34．句意：2024年3月中旬，四川省雅江县突发严重森林火灾，面临着一项巨大挑战。challenge是可数名词单数，此处表示“一个巨大的挑战”，且big以辅音音素开头，所以用不定冠词a。 35．句意：它们帮助人们了解火灾现场正在发生的情况。这是宾语从句，learn后面的从句缺少主语，指代“火灾里发生的事情”，需要用连接代词what来引导。 36．句意：无人机提供实时热成像画面和详细地图，帮助工作人员制定科学的灭火方案。空缺的词修饰名词plans，修饰名词需要用形容词，science的形容词形式是scientific，表示“科学的”。 37．句意：与此同时，固定翼飞机向特定区域投放水，迅速控制住火势，挽救了更多的绿色森林。句子描述的是2024年3月发生的过去事件，要用一般过去时，drop的过去式是dropped。 38．句意：这是中国首次将大型无人机应用于灭火工作，展现了它们的巨大优势，也为防范自然灾害提供了新途径。空缺的词修饰名词advantages，表示“它们的优势”，需要用形容词性物主代词，they的形容词性物主代词是their。 39．句意：这些飞机还能完成其他有用的任务。空缺的词修饰名词jobs，修饰名词需要用形容词，use的形容词形式是useful，表示“有用的”。 40．句意：例如，MA-60飞机被同时用于灭火和春季抗旱工作。固定搭配be used for...，意思是“被用于……”，所以介词for符合语境。 41．句意：随着技术的进步，更多国产飞机很快将会被研发出来。句中soon表示“不久之后”，要用一般将来时；同时aircraft和develop是被动关系（飞机被研发），所以用一般将来时的被动语态will be developed。 四、 Dear Tony, I’m very glad to receive your letter. In your letter, you asked about how to learn Chinese well and how to behave properly at the table. To learn Chinese well, you can read Chinese newspapers and keep a diary in Chinese. You should speak Chinese as much as possible. Listening to Chinese songs also helps. You can even make Chinese friends and chat with them online. As for table manners, remember to let the elders start eating first. Never stick your chopsticks into your food or point at anyone with them. Also, avoid talking loudly while eating. Don’t use your chopsticks to move food around on the plate. Looking forward to seeing you in China soon. Yours, Li Hua 写作步骤 [第一步：审题立意] 确定文体：应用文（书信体/建议信），用一般现在时为主 明确要点：学好中文的方法（读中文报刊/写中文日记/多说中文/听中文歌曲/交中国朋友聊天等）、中国餐桌礼仪（长辈先吃/不把筷子插在食物中/不用筷子指人/不大声说话/不用筷子翻动食物）等 确定人称：第一人称（I/my）和第二人称（you） 注意事项：文中不得出现真实人名和校名 [第二步：构思布局] 三段式结构： 开头段：收到来信，引出对方询问的两个问题（已给出） 主体段：分两个层次展开（学好中文的方法/中国餐桌礼仪） 结尾段：期待在中国见到对方（已给出） [第三步：要点展开] 要点一：学好中文的方法 阅读方法：read Chinese newspapers/read Chinese magazines/look through newspapers and magazines every day等 写作方法：keep a diary in Chinese/write in Chinese daily等 口语方法：speak Chinese as much as possible/practice speaking with others等 听力方法：listen to Chinese songs/watch Chinese movies等 社交方法：make Chinese friends and chat with them online/talk with native speakers等 要点二：餐桌礼仪 尊长礼仪：let the elders start eating first/let older people eat first等 筷子禁忌一：never stick your chopsticks into your food/don’t stick chopsticks upright in rice等 筷子禁忌二：don’t point at anyone with them/never point at others with chopsticks等 用餐行为一：avoid talking loudly while eating/keep quiet at the table等 用餐行为二：don’t use your chopsticks to move food around on the plate/avoid moving food with your chopsticks等 ( 1 / 2 )学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 2026年暑假新高一英语衔接与突破（结构化知识+题型提升练） 专题08 人教版必修第一册Welcome Unit新词预习1+状语从句 目录 第一部分 必备知识结构化清单 梳理必备的语言知识点，夯实语言基础能力 第二部分 知识强化题型拓展练 必备知识与能力提升练，提升语言运用能力 ◇Part 01 必备知识结构化清单 新｜课｜预｜习 新词预习 背诵清单 Ⅰ.核心词汇 1.exchange 　　n.交换; 交流 vt. 交换; 交流;交易; 兑换 2.lecture n.讲座;讲课;教训 vi.(开)讲座;讲课 vt.训斥 3.sex n.性别 4.female adj. 女(性)的; 雌的 n.雌性动(植)物;女子 5.male adj.男(性)的; 雄的 n.雄性动(植)物;男子 6.campus n.校园; 校区 7.formal adj. 正式的 ;正规的 8.senior adj.级别(或地位)高的 n.较年长的人 9.outgoing 　　　adj.爱交际的;外向的 10.guy n.小伙子;男人;家伙 11.experiment n.实验;试验 12.awkward adj.令人尴尬的; 难对付的 13.forward adv. (also forwards)向前;前进 adj.向前的;前进的 14.flash n. 光; 信号 vi. 闪耀; 闪光;发出信号 vt. 使闪耀;发出(信号) 15.goal n.目标; 球门;射门 16.strategy n.策略;策划 17.partner n.同伴; 配偶;合伙人 18.company n.公司;商行; 陪伴 19.style n.方式; 作风 Ⅱ.拓展词汇 1.register vt.& vi.登记;注册→registration n.登记;注册;挂号 2.nation n.国家; 民族; 国民→nationality n.国籍; 民族 3.design n.设计; 设计方案 vt.设计;筹划→designer n. 设计者 4.anxious adj.焦虑的; 不安的→anxiety n.焦虑;不安 5.annoy vt.使恼怒; 打扰→annoyed adj.(人)感到恼怒的;生气的→annoying adj.(物)令人恼怒的;令人生气的 6.frighten vt.使惊吓→ frightened adj.(人)受惊吓的;(人感到)害怕的→frightening adj.(物)吓人的;(物)令人害怕的 7.impress vt.使钦佩;给……留下深刻的好印象 vi.留下印象;引人注目→ impression n. 印象;感想→impressive adj.给人留下深刻印象的;令人钦佩的 8.concentrate vt.&vi.集中(注意力);聚精会神→concentration n. 专心;专注;集中 9.explore vt.& vi. 探索;勘探→exploration n.探索;探究→ explorer n.探险者;考察者 10.confidence n.信心; 信任→confident adj.自信的;有把握的 11.organise/organize vt.组织; 筹备; 安排;组建 vi.组建;成立→organised/organized adj.有组织的;有秩序的→ organisation/organization n.组织; 团体; 机构→organiser/organizer n.组织者 12.improve vi.&vt.改进;改善→improvement n.改善;改进 13.curious adj.好奇的; 求知欲强的→curiosity n.好奇;好奇心→curiously adv.好奇地 14.personal adj.个人的;私人的→ personality n.性格;个性 Ⅲ.重点短语 1.senior high school　　　(美国)高中 2.at last 终于;最终 3.make an impression/leave a good impression 留下好印象 4.concentrate on 集中精力于 5.leave...alone 　　　不打扰;不惊动 6.junior high school (美国)初级中学 7.look forward to 盼望;期待 8.flash card 教学卡片;识字卡 9.be curious about 对……感到好奇 默写清单 Ⅰ.核心词汇 1.____________ 　　n.交换; 交流 vt. 交换; 交流;交易; 兑换 2.____________ n.讲座;讲课;教训 vi.(开)讲座;讲课 vt.训斥 3.____________ n.性别 4.____________ adj. 女(性)的; 雌的 n.雌性动(植)物;女子 5.____________ adj.男(性)的; 雄的 n.雄性动(植)物;男子 6.____________ n.校园; 校区 7.____________ adj. 正式的 ;正规的 8.____________ adj.级别(或地位)高的 n.较年长的人 9.____________ 　　　adj.爱交际的;外向的 10.____________ n.小伙子;男人;家伙 11.____________ n.实验;试验 12.____________ adj.令人尴尬的; 难对付的 13.____________ adv. (also forwards)向前;前进 adj.向前的;前进的 14.____________ n. 光; 信号 vi. 闪耀; 闪光;发出信号 vt. 使闪耀;发出(信号) 15.____________ n.目标; 球门;射门 16.____________ n.策略;策划 17.____________ n.同伴; 配偶;合伙人 18.____________ n.公司;商行; 陪伴 19.____________ n.方式; 作风 Ⅱ.拓展词汇 1.____________ vt.& vi.登记;注册→____________ n.登记;注册;挂号 2.____________ n.国家; 民族; 国民→____________ n.国籍; 民族 3.____________ n.设计; 设计方案 vt.设计;筹划→____________ n. 设计者 4.____________ adj.焦虑的; 不安的→____________ n.焦虑;不安 5.____________ vt.使恼怒; 打扰→____________ adj.(人)感到恼怒的;生气的→____________ adj.(物)令人恼怒的;令人生气的 6.____________ vt.使惊吓→ ____________ adj.(人)受惊吓的;(人感到)害怕的→____________ adj.(物)吓人的;(物)令人害怕的 7.____________ vt.使钦佩;给……留下深刻的好印象 vi.留下印象;引人注目→ ____________ n. 印象;感想→____________ adj.给人留下深刻印象的;令人钦佩的 8.____________ vt.&vi.集中(注意力);聚精会神→____________ n. 专心;专注;集中 9.____________ vt.& vi. 探索;勘探→____________ n.探索;探究→ ____________ n.探险者;考察者 10.____________ n.信心; 信任→____________ adj.自信的;有把握的 11.____________ vt.组织; 筹备; 安排;组建 vi.组建;成立→____________ adj.有组织的;有秩序的→ ____________ n.组织; 团体; 机构→____________ n.组织者 12.____________ vi.&vt.改进;改善→____________ n.改善;改进 13.____________ adj.好奇的; 求知欲强的→____________ n.好奇;好奇心→____________ adv.好奇地 14.____________ adj.个人的;私人的→ ____________ n.性格;个性 Ⅲ.重点短语 1.____________　　　(美国)高中 2.____________ 终于;最终 3.____________ 留下好印象 4.____________ 集中精力于 5.____________ 　　　不打扰;不惊动 6.____________ (美国)初级中学 7.____________ 盼望;期待 8.____________ 教学卡片;识字卡 9.____________ 对……感到好奇 语篇预习 Ⅰ.Read Para. 1 carefully and do the following exercises. 1.Why did Han Jing feel anxious before school? ___________________________________ 2.What did Han Jing want to do on her first day of senior high school? ___________________________________ Ⅱ.Read Para. 2 carefully and do the following exercises. How was her first maths class? It was ______________ but ______________. Ⅲ.Read Para. 3 carefully and do the following exercises. 1.What happened in the chemistry class? A guy next to Han Jing ______________ and she ______________.  2.What would you do if this happened to you? ___________________________________ Ⅳ.Read Para. 4 carefully and do the following exercises. 1.How does Han Jing feel after a day? A.More frightened.　　 B.More curious. C.More confident. D.More awkward. 2.It can be inferred from the text that Han Jing will ______.  A.feel awkward and frightened at senior high school B.be short of confidence in her future C.get used to her new school life little by little D.find it easy to keep up with her classmates 知｜识｜回｜顾 状语从句 一、从句种类 从句类型 核心引导词 从句作用 时态规则 时间状语从句 when/while/as; before/after; until/till; since; as soon as/the moment 修饰动词，表动作发生时间 主将从现；主过从过；since后常用一般过去时 条件状语从句 if/unless; as long as; on condition that; suppose 表动作发生条件 真实条件：主将从现；虚拟条件：时态倒退 原因状语从句 because/as/since; now that; seeing that 说明动作发生原因 时态随事实匹配，无强制时态固定规则 让步状语从句 though/although/even though; while; whatever/no matter what 表转折、让步，“虽然、尽管” though不与but连用，可和yet/still搭配 目的状语从句 so that/in order that; lest/in case 表主句动作的目的 从句常搭配情态动词can/could/may/might 结果状语从句 so…that/such…that; so that 表主句带来的结果 so修饰形容词/副词；such修饰名词短语 比较状语从句 than; as…as; the+比较级…the+比较级 表两者对比、程度差异 前后时态保持一致 地点状语从句 where/wherever 表动作发生地点 可放句首或句末 方式状语从句 as/as if/as though 表动作发生方式 as if常使用虚拟语气表不真实情况 二、从句引导词及用法 （一）时间状语从句 1.when / while / as引导的时间状语从句 when：既可接短暂性动词，也可接延续性动词 例句：When I arrived home, my mother was cooking.（我到家时妈妈正在做饭。） while：只接延续性动词，从句多用进行时 例句：While my father was reading, I was doing my homework. as：强调“一边……一边”，同步动作 例句：She sang as she walked along the street. 2.before / after引导的时间状语从句 例句：Wait until I finish my work before you leave.（你等我完工再走。） 3.until / till（直到）引导的时间状语从句 肯定句：主句延续动词；否定句：not…until 直到……才 例句：I will wait here until you come back. I didn’t go to bed until my dad returned. 4.since（自从）引导的时间状语从句 规则：since从句一般过去时，主句现在完成时 例句：We have lived here since we moved to this city. 5.as soon as/the moment/immediately(一……就……)引导的时间状语从句 例句：I’ll call you the moment I get the news. 注意：if/when/as soon as引导时间、条件从句，从句一般现在表将来 例句：I will tell him the truth when I see him tomorrow. （二）条件状语从句 1.真实条件（大概率发生） ①if 如果；unless = if…not 除非 例句：If it rains tomorrow, we will cancel the trip. You won’t pass the exam unless you study hard. ②as long as 只要 例句：You can borrow my book as long as you keep it clean. 2.虚拟条件（与事实相反） 例句：If I were you, I would accept this offer.（与现在事实相反） （三）原因状语从句 1.because（最强，回答why提问） 例句：He stayed at home because he was ill. 2.as / since（显而易见的原因，放句首居多） 例句：Since everyone is here, let’s start the class. 3.now that 既然 例句：Now that you know the secret, I don’t hide it anymore. （四）让步状语从句（高频考点） 1.though / although 虽然（不能和but连用，可加yet/still） 错误：Although he is tired, but he keeps working. 正确：Although he is tired, he still keeps working. 2.even though / even if 即使 例句：Even though it rained heavily, we went hiking. 3.no matter + wh- = wh-ever 无论…… 例句：No matter what you say, I won’t change my mind. = Whatever you say, I won’t change my mind. （五）目的状语从句 1.so that / in order that 以便、为了（从句常用can/could/may/might） 例句：He gets up early so that he can catch the first bus. 2.in case 以防 例句：Take an umbrella in case it rains. （六）结果状语从句 1.so + 形容词/副词 + that… 如此……以至于 例句：The movie was so moving that many people cried. 2.such + (a/an) 形容词 + 名词 + that… 例句：It is such a wonderful novel that I read it twice. 3.so that 因此（表顺承结果） 例句：He missed the bus so that he was late for school. （七）比较状语从句 1.as…as 和……一样（中间用原级） 例句：She runs as fast as her elder brother. 2.比较级 + than 比……更 例句：This classroom is bigger than that one. 3.the + 比较级，the + 比较级 越……越…… 例句：The more you practice, the better your English will be. （八）地点状语从句 引导词：where（……的地方）、wherever（无论哪里） 例句：Plant trees where there is plenty of sunlight. Wherever you go, I will miss you. （九）方式状语从句 1.as 按照、像 例句：Do everything as the teacher tells you. 2.as if / as though 好像（真实用陈述，虚假用虚拟） 真实：It looks as if it is going to rain. 虚拟（与现在不符）：He talks as if he knew everything. 基｜础｜练｜习 一、根据语篇内容或所给的词的适当形式填空。 This morning, I was a little anxious. What 1._______ no one would talk to me on the first school day and how could I make a good first 2._______ (impress)? However, in my first maths class, I found my teachers and most of the classmates 3._______ (friend) and helpful. This afternoon, I had our chemistry class in the science lab. Though the lab is new and the lesson 4._______(be) great, the guy next to me kept on 5._______(talk) to me, so I couldn’t concentrate 6._______ the experiment. I wanted to tell him to be quiet and leave 7._______(I) alone. At night, I realized how wrong I was when I thought that no one would talk to me. The things that happened on the first school day 8._______ (make) a deep impression on me, so I feel much 9._______(confident) and think tomorrow will be 10._______ great day.  二、根据上述语篇的内容，完成表格中对语篇中的状语从句的用法分析。 原句 引导词 从句类型 从句结构 主句结构 时态搭配规律 1 Though the lab is new and the lesson is great, the guy next to me kept on talking to me, ... 2 At night, I realized how wrong I was when I thought that no one would talk to me. ◇Part 02 知识强化题型拓展练 一、阅读理解 1 Runners who encounter visual and auditory (听觉的) distractions (分心) may be more likely to suffer leg injuries, according to a research by the Association of Academic Physiatrists in Las Vegas. Runners often seek distractions from the task at hand. Whether it is music, texting, daydreaming, taking in the sights, or propping a book up on the treadmill (跑步机), more often than not a distraction is welcome. But researchers from the University of Florida have recently discovered that those distractions may lead to injury. Daniel Herman, MD, PhD, assistant professor at University of Florida, and his team conducted research on the effect of visual and auditory distractions on 14 runners to determine what effect, if any, these distractions would have on things such as heart rate, how much a runner breathes per minute, how much oxygen is consumed by the body, the speed in which runners apply force to their bodies, and the force the ground applies to the runners’ bodies when they come in contact with it. The runners were all injury free at the time of the study and ran 31 miles each week. Dr. Herman’s team had each participant run on a treadmill three separate times. The first time was without any distractions. The second time added a visual distraction during which the runners concentrated on a screen displaying different letters in different colors with the runners having to note when a specific letter-color combination appeared. The third time added an auditory distraction similar to the visual distraction, with the runners having to note when a particular word was spoken by a particular voice. When compared to running without distractions, the participants had faster application of force to their left and right legs, called loading rate, with auditory and visual distractions. They also experienced an increased amount of force from the ground on both legs, called ground reaction force, with auditory distractions. Finally, the runners tended to breathe heavier and have higher heart rates with visual and auditory distractions than without any distractions at all. “Running in environments with different distractions may unfavorably affect running performance and injury risk,” explains Dr. Herman. “Sometimes these things cannot be avoided, but you may be able to minimize potentially cumulative (累积的) effects. For example, when running a new route in a chaotic environment such as during a destination marathon, you may want to skip listening to something which may require more attention—like a new song playlist.” Dr. Herman’s team will continue to investigate the potential relationship between distracted running and leg injuries, and any effect this relationship has on different training techniques that use auditory or visual cues. 1．Paragraph 2 tells us the research ________. A．process B．questions C．results D．reflection 2．Based on the research, runners with auditory distractions tended to ________. A．get an increased amount of ground reaction force B．gain a faster speed with slower loading rates C．apply more force with less oxygen consumption D．breathe heavier and have lower heart rates 3．What can we infer from the passage? A．Running with distractions becomes uncommon nowadays. B．Listening to a new song while running guarantees performance. C．Runners are advised to minimize distractions in a destination marathon. D．Runners are more likely to get injured in an environment without distractions. 4．What is probably the next task for Dr. Herman’s team? A．What determines training techniques. B．What effective ways can cure leg injuries. C．Why runners use auditory and visual cues. D．How distractions should be used in training. 2 The convenience of looking up facts on a phone anytime is a modern wonder, but are we becoming unwilling to think? A new study shows that the more we use the Internet for information recall, the more we will do so in the future. Psychologists first asked people a set of difficult questions. One group was told to use a search engine to answer them, while the other group had to answer from memory. Next, both groups were given easier questions and offered the choice of whether to search online or not. It turned out that the people who had used the search engine before were more likely to use it again—even when it was more inconvenient, like having to open a browser and type the question. This shows that once we start relying on the Internet, we tend to keep doing it. It would be unreasonable to draw the conclusion that no one will bother remembering anything at all. But such a conclusion may still be used as grist to the mill for those who argue that the Internet makes us stupid. The truth, of course, depends on what “stupid” means. If we all come to increase our “cognitive offloading (认知的卸载)” onto the Internet, that may simply promote a shift in the way we value mental abilities. Since recall of facts is now so easy through the Internet, we may just become less impressed by factual knowledge, and more impressed by understanding and creativity. It may help put things in a clear light to recall that such argument was already carried out at the very birth of Western culture. An ancient Egyptian inventor showed the Egyptian king his inventions and he was particularly proud of writing, “This invention will make the Egyptians wiser.” But the king thought the opposite. Writing, he argued, would “produce forgetfulness in people’s minds, because they won’t practice their memory.” Writing itself is just as much an external technology as the Internet is. Writing is also a tool of extended cognition. The difference is that we have had thousands of years to get used to it. The truth about the question of whether our reliance on modern electronic devices is better or worse for us is that it’s simply too early to tell. Of course, this doesn’t mean laziness is good. But what looks like laziness today might become a new way of thinking tomorrow. 5．What did online searching cause in the new study? A．Mental effort. B．Habitual dependence. C．Poor memory. D．Information confusion. 6．What does the underlined phrase “grist to the mill” in Paragraph 3 mean? A．Effective support. B．Real concern. C．Clear doubt. D．Mild opposition. 7．Why is the story of the Egyptian king mentioned? A．To help us understand what kind of effects a new technology can have on people’s minds. B．To explain how the invention of writing first came into being and how it started. C．To compare different kinds of inventions and see how they are different from one another. D．To show that people in the past had the same worries about new things as we do. 8．What can be the best title for the passage? A．How New Tools Change Our Brain B．Is the Internet Making Minds Lazy? C．Internet or Memory: Which to Choose? D．Cognitive Offloading: A New Choice 3 Today, the world is highly competitive. Governments, companies and individuals (个人) are all competing to be the best in the society. It is true that competition leads to better products and services; many people, especially parents, believe that being competitive is helpful for children because it prepares them for the modern world. However, is competition the first thing that our society needs? Schools teach students to compete for better grades, while in businesses, people are better paid for their competitive performances. However, none of them realizes the adverse effects competition has on the society. For two companies in a competition, one will surely lose then disappear, while the other remains stronger in the market. If this is popular in a country, the number of companies may drop, and then the economy (经济)  gets worse. Besides, competition may result in distrust in society. Cooperation (合作) presents a different picture. Competition breaks relationships, while cooperation strengthens relationships. When we cooperate with others, we meet new people, we get to know new things, we share thoughts, we help each other and we succeed together. Cooperation focuses on the growth and development of everyone, as many people work together toward a common goal. This way, everyone is equally (相同地) developed. The processes of cooperation have played an important role in shaping history. Let’s discuss the example of the UN (United Nations). The UN’s calling is to keep world peace and create harmony (和谐). All nations have cooperated and will keep cooperating with one another to fight for a better future for the whole world. Sports also provide us with a good example of cooperation. Think about how all members of the team forget who they themselves are and work only for the benefit of the team. Although sports are competitive by nature, when there is cooperation between the members, they encourage and support each other, and they get a greater chance of winning. The development of both society and individual today depends on not just healthy competition but cooperation. Unfortunately, people are not taught cooperative skills at an early age, and this has encouraged a culture of competition in today’s society. The skills of cooperation should be included in the educational system for children in their early ages. This way, children grow up into adults who value and welcome cooperation, which brings out the best in us. 9．According to the passage, competition causes ________. A．helpful suggestions and ideas B．excellent products and services C．responsible children and parents D．confident performances and voice 10．What does the underlined word “adverse” in Paragraph 2 probably mean? A．Harmful. B．Various. C．Helpful. D．Supportive. 11．What can we learn from the passage? A．The economy can grow rapidly in competition. B．Sportsmen should not be cooperative to win the game. C．The UN was set up to call on people to create competition. D．Kids should not just learn the skills of competition. 12．The writer probably agrees that ________. A．people should value competition more than cooperation B．people can perform better in competition than cooperation C．people can benefit more from cooperation than competition D．people should depend more on competition than cooperation 4 You’ve probably pressed a like button many times today, or kept checking what you posted as the like count rises. But why do we like the like button so much? In 2018, neuroscientist Lauren Sherman and her team studied that question. They asked 58 teens to choose some photos they had posted recently. Each teen then viewed the photos chosen by the whole group on a specially-designed social media that included a like button. They did so while lying in an fMRI (功能磁共振成像) machine, which allowed researchers to see if the brain lit up when they hit the like button — and if so, what parts of it. Sure enough, there was activity, and a lot of it. In the experiment, when teens saw their own photos with many likes, their brains showed activity in many different areas. Notably, Sherman also found that viewing photos with many (compared with few) likes was related to greater brain activity. That means we don’t just like to receive likes; we also like things more when other people have liked them. Why do we like likes so much? According to Nicholas Christakis, a sociologist at Yale University, it is because “the like button is built on the back of evolutionary (进化的) biology.” All animals learn and evolve as they interact with a challenging world, from experience they get through trying and making mistakes, but only certain primates (灵长类动物) have the ability to learn from others’ experience. This social learning allowed early humans to raise their chances of survival by avoiding mistakes they saw others making, and copying the successful moves. This helps explain why human beings have the preference for “mild hierarchy” (轻微等级制度). In the animal world, animals become leaders by force. Humans, however, recognize the one from whom they learn most as the leader. Members follow standout performers considering what they have done and how well they share the lessons to be taken from their experience. The evolved social learning ability also helps develop our habits of expressing thankfulness. Because we are willing to keep learning, we show thankfulness in a way that encourages others to keep sharing. For example, we give likes to their posts. In turn, they respond to the likes they receive. It’s what keeps us sharing what we discover. All this explains why we have evolved to enjoy liking and being liked. What has been chosen in human evolution is not just physical characteristics, but also urges (冲动) and feelings. And this is the very deep psychological (心理的) area the like button was able to tap in to. Seeing likes come in gives us pleasure. Giving a like, knowing it will make someone happy, also makes us feel good. This is the key to the rise of the like button: Its popularity has very much to do with something fundamental in our biology. 13．Why does the writer introduce the experiment in Paragraphs 2 and 3? A．To explain why seeing likes causes brain activity. B．To prove that liking behavior is supported by biology. C．To suggest a biological method to study brain activity. D．To stress the difference between giving and receiving likes. 14．According to the passage, what might social learning allow people to do? A．Respect those who rise to the top by force. B．Make more knowledgeable friends by giving likes. C．Use likes to encourage sharing what can be learned. D．Survive better by telling others how to correct mistakes. 15．Which of the following would the writer most probably agree with? A．Liking behavior results from the evolution of social media. B．Human’s social learning ability evolved first to choose leaders. C．Seeing our liked photos causes greater brain activity than seeing others’. D．The pleasure of liking and being liked has popularized the like button. 16．Which of the following is the best title for this passage? A．Humans Evolved to Like Likes B．The Evolution of Ways to Give Likes C．The Like Button Evolved with the Times D．Liked by Others: Human Evolution’s Driving Force 二、完形填空 阅读短文，从每小题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 Last Saturday afternoon, sunlight filled the kitchen as I decided to learn how to make dumplings from my grandmother. I felt excited and 17 , thinking it looked easy when Grandma did it with her skilled hands. Grandma began patiently. She showed me 18 to press the dough (面团) into a round shape and put the filling in the middle. Then, she 19 it and pressed the edges (边缘) together. In just a few seconds, she had made a perfect dumpling. “Your 20 ,” she said kindly. I started with hope, but my dough was not smooth—too thin in some places, too 21 in others—and the filling kept falling out. My first dumpling looked rather strange. “I can’t do it,” I said, feeling 22 . Grandma placed a gentle hand on my shoulder. “ 23 gets it perfect the first time. The secret is not to 24 . Watch my hands again, and feel the dough with your 25 .” This time, I watched closely, noticing her gentle pressure. I took a deep breath and tried again, focusing on (专注于) each step. The next one wasn’t pretty, but it was better. I kept going. After about ten tries, I 26 made one that looked almost like Grandma’s—not perfect, but it stood upright (直立的) and held its filling. A strong feeling of 27 came over me. Grandma smiled warmly. “You see? Through practice and patience, anything is 28 .” That evening, as our family gathered to eat, I could easily 29 my own dumplings among the beautiful ones. When I tasted them, I felt happy — not just because of the delicious food, but also 30 the joy of learning and the warmth of Grandma’ s teaching. 31 , I realize we weren’t just making dumplings. We were creating a memory filled with patience and love. 17．A．confident B．nervous C．calm D．bored 18．A．what B．how C．when D．where 19．A．shook B．broke C．folded D．moved 20．A．choice B．order C．time D．turn 21．A．soft B．thick C．long D．small 22．A．proud B．pleased C．disappointed D．relaxed 23．A．Nobody B．Everybody C．Somebody D．Anybody 24．A．wait B．rush C．stop D．push 25．A．eyes B．arms C．fingers D．legs 26．A．finally B．quickly C．suddenly D．recently 27．A．fear B．pride C．hope D．surprise 28．A．difficult B．wonderful C．possible D．important 29．A．serve B．hide C．break D．find 30．A．from B．with C．about D．between 31．A．Looking up B．Looking out C．Looking back D．Looking around 三、语法填空 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适当的词或填入括号中单词的正确形式。 Chinese-made aircraft (国产飞机) are playing an important role in protecting the country’s green mountains. Many newly developed large unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs,无人机) 32 (show) their great ability to protect the environment. In recent years, they have been 33 (wide) used to put out forest fires and finish other dangerous tasks. In mid-March 2024, Yajiang County in Sichuan Province faced 34 big challenge when a serious forest fire broke out suddenly. Luckily, new types of Chinese-made aircraft soon joined the firefighting work. They helped people learn 35 was happening in the fire. UAVs provided real-time heat pictures and detailed maps to help workers make 36 (science) firefighting plans. At the same time, fixed-wing aircraft 37 (drop) water on certain areas, stopping the fire quickly and saving more green forests. This was China’s first use of large UAVs in firefighting, which showed 38 (they) big advantages and offered a new way to avoid natural disasters. These aircraft also do other 39 (use) jobs. For example, MA-60 aircraft have been used 40 both firefighting and spring drought (干旱) relief. In the spring of 2024, they increased rainfall rounds in Shaanxi Province and helped deal with bad weather problems. Clear waters and green mountains are natural and social treasures. With better technology, more Chinese-made aircraft 41 (develop) soon. They will reduce natural disasters’ influence and protect people’s lives and property (财产) successfully. 四、书面表达 42．假设你是李华，你的加拿大笔友Tony即将来中国进行为期一年的交换学习。他热爱中文和中国文化，在来信中向你询问学好中文的实用方法以及中国餐桌礼仪的注意事项。 请你根据以下提示内容，给他写一封回信。 要求： （1）短文必须包含所有提示信息，并适当发挥； （2）80词左右（开头和结尾都已给出，不计入总词数）； （3）文中不得出现真实人名和校名。 Dear Tony, I’m very glad to receive your letter. In your letter, you asked about how to learn Chinese well and how to behave properly at the table. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Looking forward to seeing you in China soon. Yours, Li Hua ( 1 / 2 )学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $