第01讲 Unit 1 The Changing World （单元重点知识梳理、讲练）（八升九暑假预习讲义）2026-2027学年人教版英语九年级上册

八升九英语暑假衔接预习课（新教材人教版） 第一讲 Unit 1 The Changing World ◇Part 01 内 容 汇 总 范围 内容 单元基础知识预习 重点单词、短语、重点语法、单元话题与写作 单元教材知识讲解 Section A部分语篇预习、Section A部分教材词句重难点解析 Section B部分语篇预习、Section B部分教材词句重难点解析 单元重点语法知识解析。 基础知识过关练 选择题、填空题、完成句子 能力拓展提升练 完形填空、阅读理解、书面表达 ◇Part 02 基础知识预习 重点 单词（加粗的为课标要求重点单词） rough adj. 崎岖的 sandstorm n. 沙尘暴 farmland n. 耕地 shortage n. 短缺 lack n. 缺乏 bush n. 灌木 root n. 根 soil n. 土壤 sandy adj. 铺满沙子的;含沙的 government n. 政府 support n.&v. 支持 corn n. 玉米;谷物 high-tech adj. 高科技的 greenhouse n. 温室 highway n. 公路 railway n. 铁路 attraction n. 向往的地方;吸引力 product n. 产品 greatly adv. 大大地;非常 socialist adj. 社会主义的n. 社会主义者 e-payment n.电子支付 housing n. 住房;住宅 digital adj. 电子的 audio adj. 音频的; n.音频 dirt n. 泥土;尘土 track n. 小路;轨道 wide adj. 宽的;宽阔的 link n.交通路线;联系; v. 连接 port n. 港口 capital n. 首都 benefit v.得益于;使受益; n. 优势; 益处 convenient adj. 方便的 business n. 生意;商业 ease n. 容易;自在 lorry n. 卡车 manager n. 经理 conclusion n. 总结 narrow adj. 狭窄的 villager n. 村民 lead v. 带领;过(某种生活); n.领先地位;主角 man-made adj. 人造的;非天然的 miracle n. 奇迹 junior adj. 低年级的;初级的 flat n. 公寓 discussion n. 讨论 aspect n. 方面 重点短语 bring about 带来;引起 used to do sth. 过去常常做某事 be covered with 被......覆盖 lack of ... 缺乏...... with one’s support 在......的支持下 digital product 数字产品 benefit from 从……中受益 be happy with 对......感到满意 make business deals 达成生意往来 with ease 轻而易举地 carry goods 运送货物 narrow and dirty 狭窄且肮脏 the Olympics（the Olympic Games） 奥林匹克运动会 the green miracle 绿色奇迹 junior high school 初中 group discussion 小组讨论 重点语法 1. 结构“used to”的用法。 2. 一般过去时和现在完成时的区别 单元话题与写作 本单元的话题为“变化的世界”。 本单元的写作任务主要围绕着“探讨和对比人或事物过去和现在的变化”。 ◇Part 03 教材 知 识 讲 解 一、Section A部分语篇预习： 语篇Section A 3a Reporter: How has life changed in your hometown over the last 20 years? Mr Yan: Oh, it has changed quite a lot! Many young people used to work in big cities. Now, more of them have come back to live and work here. Reporter: Great! Have there been any other changes? Ms Wu: Yes,we've changed the way we farm.I used to grow a few vegetables on a small farm to sell at the local market.Now,I have large,high-tech greenhouses.There,I grow tons of fruit and vegetables,and sell them in large cities. Reporter: Wow, the new highway and railway must have helped a lot! Mr Yan: Oh, they have! Our village has become a tourist attraction. We can now sell local products to tourists. We also sell products online to people all over China. Reporter: Have these changes greatly improved your lives? Ms Wu: Yes! We now have new houses. And our village has just built a new hospital and a library. Reporter: Wonderful! Together you are building a new socialist village. 记者：过去 20 年里，你们家乡的生活发生了怎样的变化？ 严先生：变化可大了！以前很多年轻人都去大城市打工，现在越来越多人回来生活、工作了。 记者：太棒了！还有其他变化吗？ 吴女士：有，我们的耕作方式变了。我以前在小农场种少量蔬菜，拿到当地集市卖。现在我有大型高科技温室，在里面种大量水果和蔬菜，卖到大城市去。 记者：哇，新建的公路和铁路肯定帮了大忙！ 严先生：没错！我们村成了旅游景点，现在能把土特产卖给游客，还能通过网络把产品卖到全国各地。 记者：这些变化极大地改善了你们的生活吗？ 吴女士：是的！我们住上了新房子，村里还新建了医院和图书馆。 记者：太好了！你们正在共同建设社会主义新农村。 二、Section A部分教材词句重难点解析： 1. What brings about changes? 是什么导致了变化？ （1）bring about 【用法讲解】 ① bring about作动词短语，意为“引起；导致”。 例句：His hard work finally brought about his success.（他的努力最终促成了他的成功。） ② bring about还可意为“造成（事故等）”。 例句：The heavy rain brought about serious traffic problems.（大雨导致了严重的交通问题。） 【易混短语辨析】bring about 与 cause 与 lead to ① bring about侧重引起某种状态或结果，较正式，常接抽象名词。 例句：The war brought about many changes in society.（战争给社会带来了许多变化。） ② cause最常用，强调直接的因果关系，可接具体或抽象事物。 例句：Smoking causes lung cancer.（吸烟会导致肺癌。） ③ lead to侧重经过一系列过程最终导致某种结果。 例句：Lack of exercise can lead to health problems.（缺乏锻炼会导致健康问题。） 即讲即练 一、单项选择题 1. The heavy snow ______ serious traffic problems in the city last night. A. brought up B. brought about C. took out D. put out 二、根据汉语提示完成句子 1. 他的粗心大意导致了这场事故。 His carelessness ______ ______ the accident. 2. Going to school by bus took nearly 40 minutes over rough roads. 坐公共汽车上学，在崎岖的路上花费将近40分钟。 （1）going to school by bus是动名词短语，在句中作主语。单个动名词（或短语）作主语，谓语动词用单数形式。 例：Swimming is good exercise. 游泳是很好的锻炼。 Learning a language takes time. 学一门语言要花时间。 （2）over 【用法讲解】 ① 作介词，意为“在……正上方（悬空，不接触）”。 例：There's a bridge over the river. 河上有座桥。 ② 作介词，意为“越过/穿过（指从上方越过）；从一边到另一边”。 例：The horse jumped over the fence.马跃过了栅栏。 We walked over the hill.我们走过了那座山。 ③ 作介词，意为“遍及”。 例：They travelled over the country. 他们游遍了全国。 ④ 作介词，意为“多于，超过”，相当于more than。 例：It cost over 100 yuan.它花了100多元。 ⑤ 作副词，意为“结束，完了”。 例：The war is finally over. 战争终于结束了。 即讲即练 一、完成句子 1. 每天喝足够的水很重要。 ______ enough water every day ______ very important. 二、单项选择题 1. There is a beautiful bridge ______ the river. A. on B. over C. in D. above 2. The old man is ______ seventy years old. A. more B. over C. about D. all 3. The hills were covered with sand. 山上覆盖着沙子。 （1）be covered with... “be covered with...”意为“被……覆盖”，是被动结构。 主动结构为“cover...with...”，意为“用……覆盖……”。 例：The hills are covered with green grass in spring.（春天山上长满了绿草。） She covered the baby with a blanket.她用毯子盖住了宝宝。 【拓展】cover ① 作及物动词，意为“覆盖”。 例：Snow covers the mountain.雪覆盖着山。 ② 作可数名词，意为“封面，罩子”。 例：The cover of the magazine is blue.杂志封面是蓝色的。 即讲即练 一、单项选择题 1. The ground ______ thick snow after the heavy snow. A. is covered with B. is full of C. is crowded with D. is filled of 2. Please ______ the table ______ a clean cloth. A. cover; with B. covered; with C. cover; of D. covered; of 4. farmland shortage 耕地短缺 （1）shortage 【用法讲解】 shortage作可数或不可数名词，意为“不足；缺乏”。多指资源、资金、人员、食物等的数量短缺。 例：The hospital is facing a shortage of nurses.（医院正面临护士短缺的问题。） 【词形变化】 short adj. 短的；短缺的 → shortage n. 短缺（+名词后缀-age） 【常用结构】 ① a shortage of... （……的短缺） 例句：There is a shortage of clean drinking water in the dry season.（旱季清洁饮用水短缺。） 即讲即练 一、单项选择题 1. The village is facing a ______ of clean water. A. short B. shortage C. full 二、用所给单词的适当形式填空 1. There is a serious ______ (short) of doctors in this area. 5. lack of technology技术缺乏 （1）lack 【用法讲解】 ① lack作名词，意为“缺乏；缺少”。 例句：Success often depends on a lack of fear.（成功往往取决于不害怕。） ② lack作及物动词，意为“缺乏；没有”。 例句：She lacks confidence when speaking in public.（她在公众场合讲话时缺乏自信。） 【常用结构】 ① a lack of... ……的缺乏 例句：A lack of sleep is bad for your health.睡眠不足对你的健康有害。 即讲即练 一、单项选择题 1. He failed the exam because of ______ of hard work. A. short B. lack C. little 二、用所给单词的适当形式填空 1. The team lost the game because of ______ (lack) of practice. 6. They began planting it in sandy areas, with the government’s support. 在政府的支持下，他们开始在沙地里种植这种灌木。 （1）sandy 【用法讲解】 sandy作形容词，意为“沙的；含沙的；沙质的”。 例句：We walked on the sandy beach for two hours.（我们在沙质海滩上走了两个小时。） 【词形变化】 sand n. 沙 → sandy adj. 沙的（+形容词后缀-y） 同类构词：wind→windy（有风的），cloud→cloudy（多云的） （2）support 【用法讲解】 ① support作及物动词，意为“支持；拥护”。 例句：Many students support the new school rule.（许多学生支持这项新校规。） ② support作不可数名词，意为“支持；帮助”。 例句：Thank you for your support.（感谢你的支持。） 【常用结构】 ① provide support for... （为……提供支持） 例句：The teacher provided support for the struggling students.（老师为学习困难的学生提供了帮助。） ② give support to sb给予某人支持 即讲即练 一、单项选择题 1. We had fun walking on the ______ beach last weekend. A. sand B. sandy C. wind D. windy 2. All my family ______ my decision to be a teacher. A. support B. give C. take D. make 二、完成句子 1. The teacher ______ support ______ the struggling students. 7. Our village has become a tourist attraction. 我们村已经变成了一个旅游景点。 （1）attraction ① attraction作可数名词，意为“景点；向往的地方”。 ② attraction作不可数名词，意为“吸引；吸引力”。 【词形变化】 attract v. 吸引 attractive adj. 有吸引力的（attract+形容词后缀-ive） 【常用结构】 ①tourist attraction （旅游景点） 例句：The Great Wall is one of the most famous tourist attractions in China.（长城是中国最著名的旅游景点之一。） ②the attraction of... ……的吸引力 例句：The attraction of the city lies in its long history and culture.这座城市的吸引力在于它悠久的历史和文化。 即讲即练 一、单项选择题 1. The West Lake is a famous tourist ______ in China. A. attract B. attractive C. attraction D. attracting 二、用所给单词的适当形式填空 1. The picture is very ______ (attract) to children. 8. This made it difficult for locals to bring products to the market or to develop industry. 这使得当地人很难把产品运到市场，也很难发展工业。 （1）product 【用法讲解】 product作可数名词，意为“产品；产物”。 例句：This company produces high-quality electronic products.（这家公司生产高质量的电子产品。） 【词形变化】 produce v. 生产；制造 n. 农产品 producer n. 生产者；制片商 production n. 生产；产量（produce+名词后缀-ion） 【常见短语】 daily products（日用品） （2）make it + 形容词 (+ for sb ) + to do sth使得（某人）做某事... 在此结构中，it为形式宾语，后面的动词不定式短语是真正宾语。 例：The app makes it easier for us to learn vocabulary.这个应用让我们记单词更容易了。 Rain makes it dangerous for drivers to see clearly.雨让司机看清路况变危险。 即讲即练 一、单项选择题 1. The ______ of this factory are very popular with young people. A. products B. produce C. production D. producer 2. The heavy rain made ______ dangerous for us ______ out. A. it; go B. this; to go C. it; to go D. that; go 二、用所给单词的适当形式填空 1. The ______ (produce) of the factory has increased this year. 9. Have these changes greatly improved your lives?这些变化大大地改善了你们的生活吗? （1）greatly 【用法讲解】 greatly作副词，意为“非常；极大地”。修饰动词、形容词或副词，表示程度深。 例句：The weather has greatly improved since yesterday.（自昨天以来天气大有好转。） 【词形变化】 great adj. 伟大的；巨大的 → greatly adv. 非常地（great+副词后缀-ly） 【易混词辨析】greatly 与 very ① greatly多修饰动词或过去分词，强调变化或影响的程度。 例句：The plan was greatly changed.（计划被大大修改了。） ② very修饰形容词或副词原级，不能直接修饰动词。 例句：The movie is very interesting.（这部电影很有趣。） 即讲即练 一、单项选择题 1. My English has ______ improved since I joined the English club. A. great B. greatly C. very D. much 二、用所给单词的适当形式填空 1. The living conditions here have ______ (great) improved these years. 10. The government has built thousands of kilometres of highways, railways, and wide roads. 政府修建了数千千米的公路、铁路和宽阔的道路。 （1）thousands of 【用法讲解】 thousands of意为“成千上万的，数千的”。其后接可数名词复数，表示不确切的数目。 例：Thousands of visitors come to visit this museum every year.每年有成千上万的游客来参观这个博物馆。 【拓展】用thousand表达确切的数目： 具体数词 + thousand + 可数名词复数（表确切数目时，其后不加-s，也不与of连用。） 例：three thousand students 三千个学生 （2）wide 【用法讲解】 ① wide作形容词，意为“宽的；宽阔的”。 例句：The river is about 50 meters wide here.（这里的河面大约50米宽。） ② wide意为“广泛的；普遍的”。 例句：English is widely used around the world.（英语在世界范围内被广泛使用。） 【词形变化】 widely adv. 广泛地（wide+副词后缀-ly） width n. 宽度（形容词wide的名词形式，注意词形变化） 【常用结构】 be + 数词 + meters wide （……米宽） 例句：The road is 10 meters wide.（这条路有10米宽。） 【易混词辨析】wide 与 broad ① wide侧重“宽度、范围”，可用于具体空间或抽象范围。 例句：The door is too wide.（这门太宽了。） ② broad侧重“宽阔的、宽广的”，多修饰肩、胸、海洋、视野等。 例句：He has broad shoulders.（他肩膀很宽阔。） 即讲即练 一、单项选择题 1. ______ people visit the Great Wall every year. A. Thousand of B. Thousands of C. Two thousands D. Two thousand of 2. The new road is 20 meters ______. A. wide B. widely C. width D. broaden 二、用所给单词的适当形式填空 1. Computers are ______ (wide) used in our daily life. 三、Section B部分语篇预习： Section B, 1b On the Fast Track In 2017, the new 480-kilometre Mombasa-Nairobi railway was opened. Before then, the only transport links between Mombasa, Kenya's main port, and Nairobi, Kenya's capital, were rough roads and an old railway line built in 1901. The old trains were very slow. It took 10 hours to get to Nairobi from Mombasa by train. However, the new railway, built with China's help, has already cut the travel time between Mombasa and Nairobi to about four hours for passengers. Now, more than two million people use it every year. Local Kenyans have benefited a lot from the new railway. A government worker said, "I'm very happy with the new railway built by our Chinese friends. Many changes have taken place in the town over the last few years, and the people who live here have become rich." A businessman said, "My experience of using the train since 2017 has been good. It is very convenient and doesn't cost much money. I am able to get to places on time and make business deals with ease." The railway has also made the transport of food easier. "Food used to take hundreds of lorries to carry between the two cities, but now it takes only two or three trains" said a supermarket manager. As a result, people now have more fresh food to eat. Although China and Kenya are far away from each other, the railway shows how different countries can work together to build a better world. 驶入快车道 2017年，新建的480公里蒙内铁路正式通车。在此之前，连接肯尼亚主要港口蒙巴萨和首都内罗毕的交通方式只有崎岖的公路和1901年修建的老旧铁路。旧火车速度很慢，从蒙巴萨坐火车到内罗毕要10个小时。 然而，在中国帮助下修建的新铁路，将蒙巴萨与内罗毕之间的客运时间缩短至4小时。如今每年有超过200万人乘坐这条铁路。 肯尼亚当地民众从新铁路中获益良多。一位政府工作人员说：“我非常满意中国朋友修建的这条新铁路。过去几年小镇发生了很多变化，这里的人们富裕起来了。” 一位商人说：“2017 年以来我坐火车的体验一直很好，方便又便宜，我能准时到达各地，轻松谈成生意。” 这条铁路也让粮食运输更便捷。一位超市经理说：“过去往返两座城市运输粮食需要几百辆卡车，现在只需要两三列火车。” 因此，人们现在能吃到更多新鲜食物。 虽然中国和肯尼亚相距遥远，但这条铁路展现了不同国家如何携手合作，共建更美好的世界。 Section B, 3a Changes in My Life Now that I am older, my life is different from when I was in primary school. For example, my primary school was near my home, so I used to walk to school with my parents. Now my junior high school is farther from home. I take a bus every day with my friends. My home has changed too. My family used to live in a small flat, but now we have moved to a much larger one. My grandma lives with us now as well. She has her own room and her own TV set. I am glad that I get to see her every day. The way I study is also different. I have become more confident in my studies and often attend group discussions. I enjoy studying with my friends. It's amazing how much we have achieved together. My life has changed in many ways, but one thing stays the same: the feeling of love and happiness shared by my family. 我的生活变化 现在我长大了，生活和小学时不一样了。比如，我小学离家很近，以前常和父母步行上学。现在初中离家更远，我每天和朋友坐公交车上学。 我的家也变了。我们家以前住小公寓，现在搬到了大得多的房子里。奶奶也和我们一起住，她有自己的房间和电视机。我很高兴每天都能见到她。 我的学习方式也不一样了。我在学习上更自信了，经常参加小组讨论。我喜欢和朋友们一起学习，我们一起取得的进步真让人惊喜。 我的生活在很多方面都变了，但有一样始终没变：家人之间的爱与幸福。 四、Section B部分教材词句重难点解析： 1. However, the new railway, built with China’s help, has already cut the travel time between Mombasa and Nairobi to about four hours for passengers. 然而，这条在中国帮助下修建的新铁路，已经为乘客们将蒙巴萨和内罗毕之间的旅行时间缩短到大约4个小时。 （1）辨析：however与but ①however是转折副词，常用作插入语，位于句首时其后通常有逗号，位于句中时，前后均使用逗号，位于句尾时，其前有逗号。 例：However, it rained.然而，下雨了。 It rained, however, we still went out.尽管下雨了，我们还是出去了。 It rained. We still went out, however.下雨了，但我们还是出去了。 ②but是并列连词，but总是置于连接的分句开头，不用逗号隔开，表示很明显的对比和转折。 例：I wanted to go, but it rained.我想去，但下雨了。 （2）cut ...to ... 【用法讲解】 “cut sth to + 尺寸/长度/厚度/指定量”意为“把某物削/切/剪到指定规格”。 例：Cut the rope to about two metres.把绳子剪成大约两米长。 Cut the grass to three inches.把草修剪到三英寸高。 【拓展】cut常见短语： cut up切碎 cut down砍倒；减少 cut off切掉；中断 cut in line插队 即讲即练 一、单项选择题 1. I’d like to go with you, ______ I’m too busy. A. however B. but C. so D. because 2. ______, we still finished the task on time. A. But B. However C. So D. Because 3. Please cut the paper ______ the size I want. A. to B. into C. up D. down 2. Local Kenyans have benefited a lot from the new railway. 肯尼亚当地人从这条新铁路中受益匪浅。 （1）benefit 【用法讲解】 ① benefit作可数名词，意为“好处；益处；福利”。 例句：Regular exercise has many health benefits.（经常锻炼有很多健康益处。） ② benefit作动词，意为“使受益；对……有利”。 例句：The new policy will benefit all citizens.（新政策将使所有公民受益。） 【常用结构】 ① benefit from... （从……中受益） 例句：Students benefit from online learning.（学生们从在线学习中受益。） ② be of benefit to... （对……有益） 例句：Reading is of great benefit to your mind.（阅读对你的思维大有裨益。） 【词形变化】 beneficial adj. 有益的（benefit+形容词后缀-ial） 即讲即练 一、单项选择题 1. All students will ______ from the new teaching method. A. benefit B. beneficial C. advantage D. interest 二、用所给单词的适当形式填空 1. Doing sports is ______ (benefit) to our health. 3. I’m very happy with the new railway built by our Chinese friends. 我对中国朋友修建的这条新铁路感到非常满意。 （1）be happy with 【用法讲解】 be happy with意为“对……满意/高兴”。with后接让人满意的人、事、物或结果。 例句：The teacher is happy with our progress.（老师对我们的进步感到满意。） 【易混短语辨析】be happy with 与 be pleased with 与 be satisfied with ① be happy with 语气较日常，侧重主观上的高兴、满意。 例句：She is happy with her new dress.（她对自己的新裙子很满意。） ② be pleased with 较正式，语气比happy稍强。 例句：He was very pleased with the exam results.（他对考试成绩非常满意。） ③ be satisfied with 强调“达到预期标准而满足”，最正式。 例句：Are you satisfied with the service?（你对服务满意吗？） 即讲即练 一、单项选择题 1. My parents are very ______ with my progress in study. A. happy B. sad C. angry D. strict 二、完成句子 1. 老师对我们的考试成绩很满意。 The teacher ______ ______ ______ our exam results. 4. My experience of using the train since 2017 has been good. 自2017年乘坐该铁路上的火车以来，我的体验一直很好。 （1）experience 【用法讲解】 ①作不可数名词，意为“经验”，作可数名词，意为“体验；经历”。 例：Failing once is a painful experience.失败一次是痛苦的经历。 She has a lot of experience as a nurse.她当护士很有经验。 ②作及物动词，意为“经历；体验；感受”。 例：They experienced heavy rain in the mountains.他们在山里遇到了大雨。 即讲即练 一、单项选择题 1. He has a lot of ______ in teaching English. A. experience B. experiences C. experienced D. experiencing 二、用所给单词的适当形式填空 1. The old man ______ (experience) a hard life when he was young. 5. It is very convenient and doesn't cost much money. 它既方便又不贵。 （1）convenient 【用法讲解】 convenient作形容词，意为“方便的；便利的”。 例句：The supermarket is very convenient for local residents.（这家超市对当地居民非常方便。） 【词形变化】 convenience n. 便利；方便设施（convenient+名词后缀-ence） inconvenient adj. 不方便的（in-否定前缀） 【常用结构】 It is convenient for sb. to do sth. （对某人来说做某事很方便） 例句：It is convenient for students to take the subway to school.（学生乘地铁上学很方便。） 即讲即练 一、单项选择题 1. It’s very ______ for us to take the subway to the city center. A. convenient B. difficult C. hard D. early 二、完成句子 1. 你方便明天来我家吗？ ______ ______ ______ for you to come to my house tomorrow? 6. I am able to get to places on time and make business deals with ease. 我能准时到达各地，轻而易举地谈成生意。 （1）business 【用法讲解】 ① business作不可数名词，意为“商业；生意；贸易”。 例句：He is in the import and export business.（他从事进出口生意。） ② business作可数名词，意为“企业；公司”。 例句：She started a small online business last year.（她去年开了一家小型网店。） ③ business意为“事务；职责”。 例句：None of your business.（这不关你的事。） 【词形变化】 busy adj. 忙碌的 → business n. 商业（busy去y加-iness的变体） businessman/businesswoman n. 商人 【常见短语】 do business（做生意） make business deals 做生意 （2）ease 【用法讲解】 ① ease作不可数名词，意为“容易；舒适；安逸”。 例句：The machine makes cleaning the house very easy.（这台机器让打扫房子变得极其轻松。） 【词形变化】 easy adj. 容易的 → ease n. 容易/舒适（词根转换） unease n. 不安；忧虑 【常用结构】 with ease 轻松地；毫不费力地 例句：She finished the difficult task with ease.（她轻松地完成了这项困难的任务。） 即讲即练 一、单项选择题 1. His father runs a small ______ in the town. A. business B. busy C. thing D. work 2. She finished the difficult task ______ ease. A. with B. in C. on D. for 二、用所给单词的适当形式填空 1. The two ______ (businessman) are talking about the plan. 7. the number of people who use the new train every year每年使用新火车的人数 （1）辨析：the number of与a number of ① “the number of +名词”意为“……的数量”，作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。 ②“a number of +可数名词复数”意为“若干/许多……”，作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。 例：The number of students is 500.学生数量是500。 A number of students are late.不少学生迟到了。 即讲即练 一、单项选择题 1. ______ students in our class is 50. A. A number of B. The number of C. A lot of D. Lots of 2. ______ students are playing basketball on the playground. A. The number of B. A number of C. The number D. Number of 8. With support from the government, Wang Shanghai led a group of 369 people who were determined to make the environment of Saihanba better. 在政府的支持下，王尚海带领着一个由369名决心改善塞罕坝环境的人组成的小组。 （1）lead 【用法讲解】 ① lead作及物/不及物动词，意为“带领；领导；引领”。 例句：She will lead the team to the competition.（她将带领团队参加比赛。） ② lead作可数名词，意为“领先地位；榜样”。 例句：Take the lead in protecting the environment.（在环保方面起带头作用。） 【词形变化】 leader n. 领导者（lead+名词后缀-er） leadership n. 领导力 【常用结构】 ① lead to... （导致；通向） 例句：Too much stress may lead to illness.（压力过大会导致疾病。） ② lead sb. to do sth. （带领某人做某事） 例句：The guide led us to visit the museum.（导游带领我们参观了博物馆。） 【易错点】 注意lead的过去式和过去分词是led，不是leaded。 即讲即练 一、单项选择题 1. Too much stress can ______ health problems. A. lead to B. lead in C. lead on D. lead up 二、用所给单词的适当形式填空 1. The guide ______ (lead) us to visit the old town yesterday. 9. Now my junior high school is farther from home. 现在我的初中离家更远了。 （1）junior 【用法讲解】 ① junior作形容词，意为“级别较低的；资历较浅的；低年级的”。 例句：He is a junior manager in the company.（他是公司的初级经理。） 【词形变化】 反义词：senior adj./n. 高级的；年长的；毕业班学生 【常见短语】 junior high school（初中） junior employee（初级员工） 即讲即练 一、单项选择题 He is a ______ clerk in the company and has little work experience. A. senior B. junior C. high D. low 二、用所给单词的适当形式填空 1. Her sister is a ______ (junior) high school student. 10. I have become more confident in my studies and often attend group discussions. 我在学习上变得更自信了，并且经常参加小组讨论。 （1）discussion 【用法讲解】 discussion作可数/不可数名词，意为“讨论；谈论”。 例句：We had a long discussion about the school trip.（我们就学校旅行进行了长时间的讨论。） 【词形变化】 discuss v. 讨论 【常用结构】 ① under discussion （在讨论中） 例句：The new rule is still under discussion.（新规则仍在讨论中。） ② hold/have a discussion on/about sth. （就某事进行讨论） 例句：The class held a discussion on environmental protection.（全班就环境保护进行了讨论。） 即讲即练 一、单项选择题 1. The new plan is still ______ discussion. A. in B. on C. under D. for 二、用所给单词的适当形式填空 1. Our class will ______ (discussion) the problem tomorrow. 五、单元重点语法知识解析： 1. used to的用法 used to意为“过去常常；曾经”，后接动词原形。表示过去常常进行的行为或动作，或者过去存在的某种状态，但现在已经不这样了。 【注意】used to 只用于过去时，没有人称和数的变化。 （1）used to结构的句式变换 句式 结构 例句 肯定句 主语 + used to + 动词原形 + 其他。 I used to get up early. 我以前早起。 否定句 ①主语 + didn't use to + 动词原形 + 其他. ②主语 + used not to + 动词原形 + 其他. I did not use to like coffee.我以前不喜欢咖啡。 I used not to like coffee.我以前不喜欢咖啡。 一般疑问句 ①Did + 主语 + use to + 动词原形 + 其他? ②Used + 主语 + to + 动词原形 + 其他? Did you use to live here?你以前住在这里吗？ Used you to live here?你以前住在这里吗？ 【易错辨析】be/get used to doing sth.、be used to do sth.、be used for doing sth. ① be/get used to doing sth.习惯于做某事。 例：I am used to getting up early.我习惯早起。 You’ll get used to the life here soon.你很快就会习惯这儿的生活。 ② be used to do sth.被用来做某事（是被动语态结构） 例：Wood is used to make paper.木材被用来造纸。 ③ be used for doing sth.被用于做某事（for表“用途/功能”） 例：This machine is used for washing clothes.这台机器是用来洗衣服的。 2. 一般过去时和现在完成时的区别 时态 用法 结构 标志词 一般过去时 ①过去某时发生的动作。 ②过去习惯性的动作或存在的状态。 主语 + 动词过去式 + 其他. 主语 + didn't + 动词原形 + 其他. Did + 主语 + 动词原形 + 其他？ 疑问词 + did + 主语 + 动词原形 + 其他？ yesterday（昨天） last + 时间（上周/月/年） ... ago（……以前） in + 过去年份 just now（刚才） at that time（在那时） the other day（前几天） 现在完成时 ①过去动作对现在的影响。 从过去持续到现在的动作。 主语 + have/has +过去分词 + 其他. 主语+ have/has + not +过去分词+其他. Have/Has + 主语 + 过去分词 + 其他？ 疑问词 + have/has + 主语 + 过去分词 + 其他？ already（已经） yet（还/尚未） just（刚刚） ever（曾经） never（从不）before（以前） for + 时间段since + 时间点/从句 so far / up to now到目前为止 in the past/last + 时间段（过去……以来） 例：I saw him yesterday.我昨天看见他了。 She came here last week/month/year.她上周/上个月/去年来到这里。 He has already left.他已经离开了。 Have you finished yet?你做完了吗？ 即讲即练 一、单项选择题 1. I ______ get up late, but now I get up early. A. used to B. am used to C. use to D. was used to 2. Wood is used ______ paper. A. make B. to make C. making D. to making 3. I ______ the movie last week. A. have seen B. saw C. see D. will see 4. I ______ this movie twice. It’s very interesting. A. saw B. see C. have seen D. will see 二、用所给单词的适当形式填空 1. I am used to ______ (drink) a cup of milk before going to bed. 2. He used to ______ (live) in the countryside. 3. He ______ (join) the army in 2020. 4. He ______ (be) in the army for two years. 三、句型转换 1. He used to play basketball after school.（改为否定句） He ______ ______ ______ play basketball after school. 2. Did she use to walk to school?（作肯定回答） ______, ______ ______. ◇Part 04 知 识 过 关 练 一、选择题 1. ______ is good for our health. A. Run B. Running C. Runs D. Ran 2. The heavy fog ______ many traffic accidents yesterday. A. brought about B. brought up C. took place D. put off 3. There are ______ people in the square on National Day. A. thousand of B. thousands of C. five thousands D. five thousand of 4. It is very ______ for us to shop online at home. A. convenient B. difficult C. dangerous D. expensive 5. He ______ in this factory for 5 years. A. works B. worked C. has worked D. will work 6. I ______ to the cinema with my friend last night. A. go B. went C. have gone D. will go 7. The number of students in our school ______ about 2000. A. is B. are C. has D. have 8. The new policy will ______ all the people in the city. A. benefit B. beneficial C. support D. wide 9. My grandpa ______ take a walk after supper, but now he likes watching TV at home. A. is used to B. used to C. use to D. was used to 10. The mountain is ______ with green trees all year round. A. covered B. full C. crowded D. pleased 二、填空题 11. The city has many famous tourist ______ (attract). 12. The little girl is ______ (lack) in courage. 13. English is ______ (wide) used in international business. 14. The guide ______ (lead) us through the forest yesterday. 15. It is of great ______ (benefit) to keep reading every day. 16. He finished the hard work with great ______ (ease). 17. We had a warm ______ (discuss) about the holiday plan. 18. The company produces many kinds of electronic ______ (product). 19. My life has ______ (great) changed since I moved here. 20. There is a serious ______ (short) of food in the poor area. 21. He is a ______ (junior) high school student and will graduate next year. 22. The machine is used for ______ (wash) clothes. 三、完成句子。 23. 妈妈对我这次的考试成绩很满意。 Mom ______ ______ ______ my exam results this time. 24. 他毫不费力地通过了驾驶考试。 He passed the driving test ______ ______. 25. He went to Beijing last month.（改为一般疑问句） ______ he ______ to Beijing last month? 26. I have already finished my homework.（改为否定句） I ______ finished my homework ______. 27. 很多学生从在线课程中受益。 Many students ______ ______ online classes. 28. 这家商店面临店员短缺的问题。 The shop is facing a ______ ______ shop assistants. 29. 对我们来说学好英语很重要。 ______ ______ important for us ______ ______ English well. 30. 成千上万的游客每年来参观这座古镇。 ______ ______ visitors come to visit this old town every year. ◇Part 05 能 力 提 升 练 一、完形填空 阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C三个选项中,选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 Over the past ten years, my hometown has changed beyond imagination. These changes make people’s lives happier and full of hope. Thanks to good policies and people’s hard work. Thirty years ago, most families here were not 1 . Many kids even dropped out of school to help with farm work. But now, 2 has been greatly developed. The government built new schools with modern facilities, and every child can 3 a good education. Teachers try their best to help students, and students all 4 to enter ideal high schools. People’s living habits have changed too. In the past, people had no 5 time for hobbies. They were busy making a living all day. Now, after work, they can take part in different activities, like dancing, reading 6 doing sports. There are also new parks and squares where people can relax. What’s more, people’s ideas become open. They reach 7 on building a greener hometown. Many families plant trees around their houses, and the environment is getting better. We 8 see some big changes in traffic—narrow roads turn into wide streets, and buses are more convenient. With these changes, people know they can 9 more dreams if they keep working hard. No one thought our hometown would become so great before, and we 10 a better future. We feel lucky to live in such a good time and will cherish it. 1．A．wealthy B．poor C．busy 2．A．health B．education C．traffic 3．A．bring B．lose C．get 4．A．plan B．refuse C．forget 5．A．spare B．happy C．relaxing 6．A．so B．or C．but 7．A．agreement B．problem C．decision 8．A．too B．also C．either 9．A．achieve B．give C．lose 10．A．hope B．wait C．expect 二、阅读理解 Fan Zhenxi is the Party Branch Secretary (党支部书记) of Zhoutaizi Village in Hebei Province. For nearly forty years, he has led his villagers out of poverty (贫困) and built a happy home, earning him the title of the “New Era Iron (铁) Man Farmer”. In 1987, the 25-year-old Fan returned to his hometown as the village Party Branch Secretary. At that time, Zhoutaizi Village was a poor mountain village with 80,000 yuan in debt. Fan made up his mind to make a change. He led villagers to build roads, bridges, and factories, and to plant fruit trees. Long ago, Zhoutaizi Village was very poor. Young Fan Zhenxi decided to lead villagers to change their life. He worked hard day and night to develop businesses and build a better village. Unluckily, he got a serious illness. But he never gave up. He kept working for villagers even when he was weak. He cared about people’s life more than his own health. Under his leadership, the poor village became rich and beautiful. Villagers live happy lives now. Fan Zhenxi is great and selfless (无私的). He never thinks about himself too much. He always puts the villagers first in everything. His spirit teaches us to be brave, responsible and helpful. Many people are moved by his strong will and kindness. His story spreads widely and encourages lots of teenagers. We will remember his great spirit forever. 11．When did Fan Zhenxi become the village Party Branch Secretary? A．In 1978. B．In 1987. C．In 1997. D．In 2007. 12．What did Fan Zhenxi lead villagers to do to make the village rich? A．Open big schools. B．Buy expensive cars. C．Travel around the world. D．Build roads and plant fruit trees. 13．What does the underlined word “debt” mean? A．Money in the bank. B．Food for villagers. C．Money borrowed from others. D．Land for farming. 14．What can we infer (推断) from the passage? A．Fan Zhenxi is lazy. B．Zhoutaizi Village is still poor now. C．Fan Zhenxi loves his villagers deeply. D．Fan Zhenxi gave up working because of illness. 15．What is the best title for the passage? A．A Poor Village in Hebei B．Serious Illness Is Not Terrible C．How to Build a Beautiful Village D．Fan Zhenxi: The New Era Iron Man Farmer 三、书面表达 16．“绿水青山就是金山银山”。近年来，我们国家在发展经济的同时也非常重视对环境的保护。假设你是阳光中学的李华, 你校英语俱乐部正以“The Great Changes in My Hometown”为主题进行征文活动，请你用英语写一篇短文参加活动，介绍家乡的环境变化，并描绘自己对美好未来的期待。提示： 要求：(1)短文必须包含以上所有要点，可适当发挥； (2)文中不得出现考生的真实姓名和学校名称； (3)词数100左右(开头已给出，不计入总词数)。 Hello, everyone! I’m Li Hua. My hometown has changed greatly these years. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 八升九英语暑假衔接预习课（新教材人教版） 第一讲 Unit 1 The Changing World ◇Part 01 内 容 汇 总 范围 内容 单元基础知识预习 重点单词、短语、重点语法、单元话题与写作 单元教材知识讲解 Section A部分语篇预习、Section A部分教材词句重难点解析 Section B部分语篇预习、Section B部分教材词句重难点解析 单元重点语法知识解析。 基础知识过关练 选择题、填空题、完成句子 能力拓展提升练 完形填空、阅读理解、书面表达 ◇Part 02 基础知识预习 重点 单词（加粗的为课标要求重点单词） rough adj. 崎岖的 sandstorm n. 沙尘暴 farmland n. 耕地 shortage n. 短缺 lack n. 缺乏 bush n. 灌木 root n. 根 soil n. 土壤 sandy adj. 铺满沙子的;含沙的 government n. 政府 support n.&v. 支持 corn n. 玉米;谷物 high-tech adj. 高科技的 greenhouse n. 温室 highway n. 公路 railway n. 铁路 attraction n. 向往的地方;吸引力 product n. 产品 greatly adv. 大大地;非常 socialist adj. 社会主义的n. 社会主义者 e-payment n.电子支付 housing n. 住房;住宅 digital adj. 电子的 audio adj. 音频的; n.音频 dirt n. 泥土;尘土 track n. 小路;轨道 wide adj. 宽的;宽阔的 link n.交通路线;联系; v. 连接 port n. 港口 capital n. 首都 benefit v.得益于;使受益; n. 优势; 益处 convenient adj. 方便的 business n. 生意;商业 ease n. 容易;自在 lorry n. 卡车 manager n. 经理 conclusion n. 总结 narrow adj. 狭窄的 villager n. 村民 lead v. 带领;过(某种生活); n.领先地位;主角 man-made adj. 人造的;非天然的 miracle n. 奇迹 junior adj. 低年级的;初级的 flat n. 公寓 discussion n. 讨论 aspect n. 方面 重点短语 bring about 带来;引起 used to do sth. 过去常常做某事 be covered with 被......覆盖 lack of ... 缺乏...... with one’s support 在......的支持下 digital product 数字产品 benefit from 从……中受益 be happy with 对......感到满意 make business deals 达成生意往来 with ease 轻而易举地 carry goods 运送货物 narrow and dirty 狭窄且肮脏 the Olympics（the Olympic Games） 奥林匹克运动会 the green miracle 绿色奇迹 junior high school 初中 group discussion 小组讨论 重点语法 1. 结构“used to”的用法。 2. 一般过去时和现在完成时的区别 单元话题与写作 本单元的话题为“变化的世界”。 本单元的写作任务主要围绕着“探讨和对比人或事物过去和现在的变化”。 ◇Part 03 教材 知 识 讲 解 一、Section A部分语篇预习： 语篇Section A 3a Reporter: How has life changed in your hometown over the last 20 years? Mr Yan: Oh, it has changed quite a lot! Many young people used to work in big cities. Now, more of them have come back to live and work here. Reporter: Great! Have there been any other changes? Ms Wu: Yes,we've changed the way we farm.I used to grow a few vegetables on a small farm to sell at the local market.Now,I have large,high-tech greenhouses.There,I grow tons of fruit and vegetables,and sell them in large cities. Reporter: Wow, the new highway and railway must have helped a lot! Mr Yan: Oh, they have! Our village has become a tourist attraction. We can now sell local products to tourists. We also sell products online to people all over China. Reporter: Have these changes greatly improved your lives? Ms Wu: Yes! We now have new houses. And our village has just built a new hospital and a library. Reporter: Wonderful! Together you are building a new socialist village. 记者：过去 20 年里，你们家乡的生活发生了怎样的变化？ 严先生：变化可大了！以前很多年轻人都去大城市打工，现在越来越多人回来生活、工作了。 记者：太棒了！还有其他变化吗？ 吴女士：有，我们的耕作方式变了。我以前在小农场种少量蔬菜，拿到当地集市卖。现在我有大型高科技温室，在里面种大量水果和蔬菜，卖到大城市去。 记者：哇，新建的公路和铁路肯定帮了大忙！ 严先生：没错！我们村成了旅游景点，现在能把土特产卖给游客，还能通过网络把产品卖到全国各地。 记者：这些变化极大地改善了你们的生活吗？ 吴女士：是的！我们住上了新房子，村里还新建了医院和图书馆。 记者：太好了！你们正在共同建设社会主义新农村。 二、Section A部分教材词句重难点解析： 1. What brings about changes? 是什么导致了变化？ （1）bring about 【用法讲解】 ① bring about作动词短语，意为“引起；导致”。 例句：His hard work finally brought about his success.（他的努力最终促成了他的成功。） ② bring about还可意为“造成（事故等）”。 例句：The heavy rain brought about serious traffic problems.（大雨导致了严重的交通问题。） 【易混短语辨析】bring about 与 cause 与 lead to ① bring about侧重引起某种状态或结果，较正式，常接抽象名词。 例句：The war brought about many changes in society.（战争给社会带来了许多变化。） ② cause最常用，强调直接的因果关系，可接具体或抽象事物。 例句：Smoking causes lung cancer.（吸烟会导致肺癌。） ③ lead to侧重经过一系列过程最终导致某种结果。 例句：Lack of exercise can lead to health problems.（缺乏锻炼会导致健康问题。） 即讲即练 一、单项选择题 1. The heavy snow ______ serious traffic problems in the city last night. A. brought up B. brought about C. took out D. put out 【答案】B 【详解】句意：昨晚这场大雪给这座城市造成了严重的交通问题。本题考查动词短语辨析。brought about 意为 “引起；导致”，符合语境；brought up 养育、提出；took out 拿出；put out 熄灭。根据句意，选 B。 二、根据汉语提示完成句子 1. 他的粗心大意导致了这场事故。 His carelessness ______ ______ the accident. 【答案】brought about 【详解】句意：他的粗心大意导致了这场事故。本题考查固定短语 bring about 的用法。句子描述过去发生的事，用一般过去时，bring 的过去式为 brought，故填 brought about。 2. Going to school by bus took nearly 40 minutes over rough roads. 坐公共汽车上学，在崎岖的路上花费将近40分钟。 （1）going to school by bus是动名词短语，在句中作主语。单个动名词（或短语）作主语，谓语动词用单数形式。 例：Swimming is good exercise. 游泳是很好的锻炼。 Learning a language takes time. 学一门语言要花时间。 （2）over 【用法讲解】 ① 作介词，意为“在……正上方（悬空，不接触）”。 例：There's a bridge over the river. 河上有座桥。 ② 作介词，意为“越过/穿过（指从上方越过）；从一边到另一边”。 例：The horse jumped over the fence.马跃过了栅栏。 We walked over the hill.我们走过了那座山。 ③ 作介词，意为“遍及”。 例：They travelled over the country. 他们游遍了全国。 ④ 作介词，意为“多于，超过”，相当于more than。 例：It cost over 100 yuan.它花了100多元。 ⑤ 作副词，意为“结束，完了”。 例：The war is finally over. 战争终于结束了。 即讲即练 一、完成句子 1. 每天喝足够的水很重要。 ______ enough water every day ______ very important. 【答案】Drinking；is 【详解】句意：每天喝足够的水很重要。本题考查动名词短语作主语。“喝足够的水” 作主语，用动名词短语 Drinking enough water；动名词短语作主语，谓语动词用单数，be 动词用 is，故填 Drinking；is。 二、单项选择题 1. There is a beautiful bridge ______ the river. A. on B. over C. in D. above 【答案】B 【详解】句意：河上有一座漂亮的桥。本题考查介词 over 的用法。over 表示 “在…… 正上方（悬空，不接触）”，符合桥在河上方的语境；on 强调表面接触；in 在…… 里面；above 在…… 上方，不一定是正上方。故选 B。 2. The old man is ______ seventy years old. A. more B. over C. about D. all 【答案】B 【详解】句意：这位老人七十多岁了。本题考查 over 的词义。over 作介词，意为 “多于，超过”，相当于 more than，符合语境，故选 B。 3. The hills were covered with sand. 山上覆盖着沙子。 （1）be covered with... “be covered with...”意为“被……覆盖”，是被动结构。 主动结构为“cover...with...”，意为“用……覆盖……”。 例：The hills are covered with green grass in spring.（春天山上长满了绿草。） She covered the baby with a blanket.她用毯子盖住了宝宝。 【拓展】cover ① 作及物动词，意为“覆盖”。 例：Snow covers the mountain.雪覆盖着山。 ② 作可数名词，意为“封面，罩子”。 例：The cover of the magazine is blue.杂志封面是蓝色的。 即讲即练 一、单项选择题 1. The ground ______ thick snow after the heavy snow. A. is covered with B. is full of C. is crowded with D. is filled of 【答案】A 【详解】句意：大雪过后，地面被厚厚的积雪覆盖。本题考查固定短语 be covered with。be covered with 意为 “被…… 覆盖”，符合语境；be full of 充满；be crowded with 挤满；be filled of 结构错误，应为 be filled with。故选 A。 2. Please ______ the table ______ a clean cloth. A. cover; with B. covered; with C. cover; of D. covered; of 【答案】A 【详解】句意：请用一块干净的布盖住桌子。本题考查 cover 的主动结构 cover...with...。祈使句以动词原形开头，cover...with... 意为 “用…… 覆盖……”，故选 A。 4. farmland shortage 耕地短缺 （1）shortage 【用法讲解】 shortage作可数或不可数名词，意为“不足；缺乏”。多指资源、资金、人员、食物等的数量短缺。 例：The hospital is facing a shortage of nurses.（医院正面临护士短缺的问题。） 【词形变化】 short adj. 短的；短缺的 → shortage n. 短缺（+名词后缀-age） 【常用结构】 ① a shortage of... （……的短缺） 例句：There is a shortage of clean drinking water in the dry season.（旱季清洁饮用水短缺。） 即讲即练 一、单项选择题 1. The village is facing a ______ of clean water. A. short B. shortage C. full 【答案】B 【详解】句意：这个村庄正面临清洁水短缺的问题。本题考查名词 shortage 的用法。a shortage of 是固定结构，意为 “…… 的短缺”，侧重数量上的不足，符合语境，故选 B。 二、用所给单词的适当形式填空 1. There is a serious ______ (short) of doctors in this area. 【答案】shortage 【详解】句意：这个地区严重缺少医生。本题考查词形变化。形容词 serious 后接名词，short 的名词形式是 shortage，意为 “短缺”，故填 shortage。 5. lack of technology技术缺乏 （1）lack 【用法讲解】 ① lack作名词，意为“缺乏；缺少”。 例句：Success often depends on a lack of fear.（成功往往取决于不害怕。） ② lack作及物动词，意为“缺乏；没有”。 例句：She lacks confidence when speaking in public.（她在公众场合讲话时缺乏自信。） 【常用结构】 ① a lack of... ……的缺乏 例句：A lack of sleep is bad for your health.睡眠不足对你的健康有害。 即讲即练 一、单项选择题 1. He failed the exam because of ______ of hard work. A. short B. lack C. little 【答案】B 【详解】句意：他因为缺乏努力考试没及格。本题考查名词 lack 的用法。a lack of 是固定搭配，意为 “…… 的缺乏”，泛指缺乏，此处指努力程度不够，用 lack 更合适。故选 B。 二、用所给单词的适当形式填空 1. The team lost the game because of ______ (lack) of practice. 【答案】lack 【详解】句意：这支队伍因为缺乏练习输掉了比赛。本题考查 lack 作名词的用法。because of 后接名词，lack 作不可数名词，意为 “缺乏”，故填 lack。 6. They began planting it in sandy areas, with the government’s support. 在政府的支持下，他们开始在沙地里种植这种灌木。 （1）sandy 【用法讲解】 sandy作形容词，意为“沙的；含沙的；沙质的”。 例句：We walked on the sandy beach for two hours.（我们在沙质海滩上走了两个小时。） 【词形变化】 sand n. 沙 → sandy adj. 沙的（+形容词后缀-y） 同类构词：wind→windy（有风的），cloud→cloudy（多云的） （2）support 【用法讲解】 ① support作及物动词，意为“支持；拥护”。 例句：Many students support the new school rule.（许多学生支持这项新校规。） ② support作不可数名词，意为“支持；帮助”。 例句：Thank you for your support.（感谢你的支持。） 【常用结构】 ① provide support for... （为……提供支持） 例句：The teacher provided support for the struggling students.（老师为学习困难的学生提供了帮助。） ② give support to sb给予某人支持 即讲即练 一、单项选择题 1. We had fun walking on the ______ beach last weekend. A. sand B. sandy C. wind D. windy 【答案】B 【详解】句意：上周末我们在沙质海滩上走得很开心。本题考查形容词 sandy 的用法。修饰名词 beach 用形容词，sandy 意为 “沙质的；含沙的”，符合语境，故选 B。 2. All my family ______ my decision to be a teacher. A. support B. give C. take D. make 【答案】A 【详解】句意：我全家人都支持我当老师的决定。本题考查 support 作动词的用法。support 作及物动词，意为 “支持；拥护”，符合语境，故选 A。 二、完成句子 1. The teacher ______ support ______ the struggling students. 【答案】provides; for 【详解】句意：这位老师为学习困难的学生提供帮助。本题考查固定搭配 provide support for。provide support for 意为 “为…… 提供支持”，主语是单数，用一般现在时，动词用第三人称单数形式，故填 provides；for。 7. Our village has become a tourist attraction. 我们村已经变成了一个旅游景点。 （1）attraction ① attraction作可数名词，意为“景点；向往的地方”。 ② attraction作不可数名词，意为“吸引；吸引力”。 【词形变化】 attract v. 吸引 attractive adj. 有吸引力的（attract+形容词后缀-ive） 【常用结构】 ①tourist attraction （旅游景点） 例句：The Great Wall is one of the most famous tourist attractions in China.（长城是中国最著名的旅游景点之一。） ②the attraction of... ……的吸引力 例句：The attraction of the city lies in its long history and culture.这座城市的吸引力在于它悠久的历史和文化。 即讲即练 一、单项选择题 1. The West Lake is a famous tourist ______ in China. A. attract B. attractive C. attraction D. attracting 【答案】C 【详解】句意：西湖是中国著名的旅游景点。本题考查名词 attraction 的用法。tourist attraction 是固定短语，意为 “旅游景点”，此处用名词形式，故选 C。 二、用所给单词的适当形式填空 1. The picture is very ______ (attract) to children. 【答案】attractive 【详解】句意：这幅画对孩子们很有吸引力。本题考查词形变化。be 动词后接形容词作表语，attract 的形容词形式是 attractive，意为 “有吸引力的”，故填 attractive。 8. This made it difficult for locals to bring products to the market or to develop industry. 这使得当地人很难把产品运到市场，也很难发展工业。 （1）product 【用法讲解】 product作可数名词，意为“产品；产物”。 例句：This company produces high-quality electronic products.（这家公司生产高质量的电子产品。） 【词形变化】 produce v. 生产；制造 n. 农产品 producer n. 生产者；制片商 production n. 生产；产量（produce+名词后缀-ion） 【常见短语】 daily products（日用品） （2）make it + 形容词 (+ for sb ) + to do sth使得（某人）做某事... 在此结构中，it为形式宾语，后面的动词不定式短语是真正宾语。 例：The app makes it easier for us to learn vocabulary.这个应用让我们记单词更容易了。 Rain makes it dangerous for drivers to see clearly.雨让司机看清路况变危险。 即讲即练 一、单项选择题 1. The ______ of this factory are very popular with young people. A. products B. produce C. production D. producer 【答案】A 【详解】句意：这家工厂的产品很受年轻人欢迎。本题考查名词辨析。products 产品，符合语境；produce 农产品；production 产量；producer 生产者。故选 A。 2. The heavy rain made ______ dangerous for us ______ out. A. it; go B. this; to go C. it; to go D. that; go 【答案】C 【详解】句意：大雨让我们出门变得危险。本题考查形式宾语结构。“make it + 形容词 + for sb. + to do sth.” 是固定结构，it 作形式宾语，真正的宾语是不定式 to go，故选 C。 二、用所给单词的适当形式填空 1. The ______ (produce) of the factory has increased this year. 【答案】production 【详解】句意：今年这家工厂的产量提高了。本题考查词形变化。定冠词 The 后接名词，production 意为 “生产；产量”，符合语境，故填 production。 9. Have these changes greatly improved your lives?这些变化大大地改善了你们的生活吗? （1）greatly 【用法讲解】 greatly作副词，意为“非常；极大地”。修饰动词、形容词或副词，表示程度深。 例句：The weather has greatly improved since yesterday.（自昨天以来天气大有好转。） 【词形变化】 great adj. 伟大的；巨大的 → greatly adv. 非常地（great+副词后缀-ly） 【易混词辨析】greatly 与 very ① greatly多修饰动词或过去分词，强调变化或影响的程度。 例句：The plan was greatly changed.（计划被大大修改了。） ② very修饰形容词或副词原级，不能直接修饰动词。 例句：The movie is very interesting.（这部电影很有趣。） 即讲即练 一、单项选择题 1. My English has ______ improved since I joined the English club. A. great B. greatly C. very D. much 【答案】B 【详解】句意：自从加入英语俱乐部，我的英语水平大大提高了。本题考查副词 greatly 的用法。修饰动词 improved 用副词，greatly 意为 “非常；极大地”，强调变化的程度，符合语境；very 不能直接修饰动词，故选 B。 二、用所给单词的适当形式填空 1. The living conditions here have ______ (great) improved these years. 【答案】greatly 【详解】句意：这些年这里的生活条件大大改善了。本题考查词形变化。修饰动词 improved 用副词，great 的副词形式是 greatly，意为 “极大地”，故填 greatly。 10. The government has built thousands of kilometres of highways, railways, and wide roads. 政府修建了数千千米的公路、铁路和宽阔的道路。 （1）thousands of 【用法讲解】 thousands of意为“成千上万的，数千的”。其后接可数名词复数，表示不确切的数目。 例：Thousands of visitors come to visit this museum every year.每年有成千上万的游客来参观这个博物馆。 【拓展】用thousand表达确切的数目： 具体数词 + thousand + 可数名词复数（表确切数目时，其后不加-s，也不与of连用。） 例：three thousand students 三千个学生 （2）wide 【用法讲解】 ① wide作形容词，意为“宽的；宽阔的”。 例句：The river is about 50 meters wide here.（这里的河面大约50米宽。） ② wide意为“广泛的；普遍的”。 例句：English is widely used around the world.（英语在世界范围内被广泛使用。） 【词形变化】 widely adv. 广泛地（wide+副词后缀-ly） width n. 宽度（形容词wide的名词形式，注意词形变化） 【常用结构】 be + 数词 + meters wide （……米宽） 例句：The road is 10 meters wide.（这条路有10米宽。） 【易混词辨析】wide 与 broad ① wide侧重“宽度、范围”，可用于具体空间或抽象范围。 例句：The door is too wide.（这门太宽了。） ② broad侧重“宽阔的、宽广的”，多修饰肩、胸、海洋、视野等。 例句：He has broad shoulders.（他肩膀很宽阔。） 即讲即练 一、单项选择题 1. ______ people visit the Great Wall every year. A. Thousand of B. Thousands of C. Two thousands D. Two thousand of 【答案】B 【详解】句意：每年有成千上万的人参观长城。本题考查 thousand 的用法。thousands of 意为 “成千上万的”，表示不确切的数目，后接可数名词复数；确切数目用 “数词 + thousand + 名词复数”，thousand 不加 - s，也不与 of 连用。故选 B。 2. The new road is 20 meters ______. A. wide B. widely C. width D. broaden 【答案】A 【详解】句意：这条新路有 20 米宽。本题考查形容词 wide 的用法。“数词 + meters + 形容词” 表示物体的宽度，wide 作形容词，意为 “宽的”，符合结构，故选 A。 二、用所给单词的适当形式填空 1. Computers are ______ (wide) used in our daily life. 【答案】widely 【详解】句意：电脑在我们的日常生活中被广泛使用。本题考查词形变化。修饰动词 used 用副词，wide 的副词形式是 widely，意为 “广泛地”，故填 widely。 三、Section B部分语篇预习： Section B, 1b On the Fast Track In 2017, the new 480-kilometre Mombasa-Nairobi railway was opened. Before then, the only transport links between Mombasa, Kenya's main port, and Nairobi, Kenya's capital, were rough roads and an old railway line built in 1901. The old trains were very slow. It took 10 hours to get to Nairobi from Mombasa by train. However, the new railway, built with China's help, has already cut the travel time between Mombasa and Nairobi to about four hours for passengers. Now, more than two million people use it every year. Local Kenyans have benefited a lot from the new railway. A government worker said, "I'm very happy with the new railway built by our Chinese friends. Many changes have taken place in the town over the last few years, and the people who live here have become rich." A businessman said, "My experience of using the train since 2017 has been good. It is very convenient and doesn't cost much money. I am able to get to places on time and make business deals with ease." The railway has also made the transport of food easier. "Food used to take hundreds of lorries to carry between the two cities, but now it takes only two or three trains" said a supermarket manager. As a result, people now have more fresh food to eat. Although China and Kenya are far away from each other, the railway shows how different countries can work together to build a better world. 驶入快车道 2017年，新建的480公里蒙内铁路正式通车。在此之前，连接肯尼亚主要港口蒙巴萨和首都内罗毕的交通方式只有崎岖的公路和1901年修建的老旧铁路。旧火车速度很慢，从蒙巴萨坐火车到内罗毕要10个小时。 然而，在中国帮助下修建的新铁路，将蒙巴萨与内罗毕之间的客运时间缩短至4小时。如今每年有超过200万人乘坐这条铁路。 肯尼亚当地民众从新铁路中获益良多。一位政府工作人员说：“我非常满意中国朋友修建的这条新铁路。过去几年小镇发生了很多变化，这里的人们富裕起来了。” 一位商人说：“2017 年以来我坐火车的体验一直很好，方便又便宜，我能准时到达各地，轻松谈成生意。” 这条铁路也让粮食运输更便捷。一位超市经理说：“过去往返两座城市运输粮食需要几百辆卡车，现在只需要两三列火车。” 因此，人们现在能吃到更多新鲜食物。 虽然中国和肯尼亚相距遥远，但这条铁路展现了不同国家如何携手合作，共建更美好的世界。 Section B, 3a Changes in My Life Now that I am older, my life is different from when I was in primary school. For example, my primary school was near my home, so I used to walk to school with my parents. Now my junior high school is farther from home. I take a bus every day with my friends. My home has changed too. My family used to live in a small flat, but now we have moved to a much larger one. My grandma lives with us now as well. She has her own room and her own TV set. I am glad that I get to see her every day. The way I study is also different. I have become more confident in my studies and often attend group discussions. I enjoy studying with my friends. It's amazing how much we have achieved together. My life has changed in many ways, but one thing stays the same: the feeling of love and happiness shared by my family. 我的生活变化 现在我长大了，生活和小学时不一样了。比如，我小学离家很近，以前常和父母步行上学。现在初中离家更远，我每天和朋友坐公交车上学。 我的家也变了。我们家以前住小公寓，现在搬到了大得多的房子里。奶奶也和我们一起住，她有自己的房间和电视机。我很高兴每天都能见到她。 我的学习方式也不一样了。我在学习上更自信了，经常参加小组讨论。我喜欢和朋友们一起学习，我们一起取得的进步真让人惊喜。 我的生活在很多方面都变了，但有一样始终没变：家人之间的爱与幸福。 四、Section B部分教材词句重难点解析： 1. However, the new railway, built with China’s help, has already cut the travel time between Mombasa and Nairobi to about four hours for passengers. 然而，这条在中国帮助下修建的新铁路，已经为乘客们将蒙巴萨和内罗毕之间的旅行时间缩短到大约4个小时。 （1）辨析：however与but ①however是转折副词，常用作插入语，位于句首时其后通常有逗号，位于句中时，前后均使用逗号，位于句尾时，其前有逗号。 例：However, it rained.然而，下雨了。 It rained, however, we still went out.尽管下雨了，我们还是出去了。 It rained. We still went out, however.下雨了，但我们还是出去了。 ②but是并列连词，but总是置于连接的分句开头，不用逗号隔开，表示很明显的对比和转折。 例：I wanted to go, but it rained.我想去，但下雨了。 （2）cut ...to ... 【用法讲解】 “cut sth to + 尺寸/长度/厚度/指定量”意为“把某物削/切/剪到指定规格”。 例：Cut the rope to about two metres.把绳子剪成大约两米长。 Cut the grass to three inches.把草修剪到三英寸高。 【拓展】cut常见短语： cut up切碎 cut down砍倒；减少 cut off切掉；中断 cut in line插队 即讲即练 一、单项选择题 1. I’d like to go with you, ______ I’m too busy. A. however B. but C. so D. because 【答案】B 【详解】句意：我想和你一起去，但我太忙了。本题考查 but 的用法。but 是并列连词，置于分句开头，不用逗号隔开，表示转折，符合句子结构，故选 B。 2. ______, we still finished the task on time. A. But B. However C. So D. Because 【答案】B 【详解】句意：然而，我们还是按时完成了任务。本题考查 however 的用法。however 是转折副词，位于句首时其后通常有逗号，but 后不能接逗号，故选 B。 3. Please cut the paper ______ the size I want. A. to B. into C. up D. down 【答案】A 【详解】句意：请把纸裁成我想要的尺寸。本题考查固定短语 cut...to...。cut sth. to + 规格，意为 “把某物切 / 剪到指定规格”，符合语境；cut into 切成；cut up 切碎；cut down 砍倒。故选 A。 2. Local Kenyans have benefited a lot from the new railway. 肯尼亚当地人从这条新铁路中受益匪浅。 （1）benefit 【用法讲解】 ① benefit作可数名词，意为“好处；益处；福利”。 例句：Regular exercise has many health benefits.（经常锻炼有很多健康益处。） ② benefit作动词，意为“使受益；对……有利”。 例句：The new policy will benefit all citizens.（新政策将使所有公民受益。） 【常用结构】 ① benefit from... （从……中受益） 例句：Students benefit from online learning.（学生们从在线学习中受益。） ② be of benefit to... （对……有益） 例句：Reading is of great benefit to your mind.（阅读对你的思维大有裨益。） 【词形变化】 beneficial adj. 有益的（benefit+形容词后缀-ial） 即讲即练 一、单项选择题 1. All students will ______ from the new teaching method. A. benefit B. beneficial C. advantage D. interest 【答案】A 【详解】句意：所有学生都会从新的教学方法中受益。本题考查固定短语 benefit from。benefit from 意为 “从…… 中受益”，will 后接动词原形，故选 A。 二、用所给单词的适当形式填空 1. Doing sports is ______ (benefit) to our health. 【答案】beneficial 【详解】句意：做运动对我们的健康有益。本题考查词形变化。be 动词后接形容词作表语，benefit 的形容词形式是 beneficial，意为 “有益的”，故填 beneficial。 3. I’m very happy with the new railway built by our Chinese friends. 我对中国朋友修建的这条新铁路感到非常满意。 （1）be happy with 【用法讲解】 be happy with意为“对……满意/高兴”。with后接让人满意的人、事、物或结果。 例句：The teacher is happy with our progress.（老师对我们的进步感到满意。） 【易混短语辨析】be happy with 与 be pleased with 与 be satisfied with ① be happy with 语气较日常，侧重主观上的高兴、满意。 例句：She is happy with her new dress.（她对自己的新裙子很满意。） ② be pleased with 较正式，语气比happy稍强。 例句：He was very pleased with the exam results.（他对考试成绩非常满意。） ③ be satisfied with 强调“达到预期标准而满足”，最正式。 例句：Are you satisfied with the service?（你对服务满意吗？） 即讲即练 一、单项选择题 1. My parents are very ______ with my progress in study. A. happy B. sad C. angry D. strict 【答案】A 【详解】句意：我父母对我学习上的进步很满意。本题考查固定短语 be happy with。be happy with 意为 “对…… 满意 / 高兴”，符合语境，故选 A。 二、完成句子 1. 老师对我们的考试成绩很满意。 The teacher ______ ______ ______ our exam results. 【答案】is happy with 【详解】句意：老师对我们的考试成绩很满意。本题考查固定短语 be happy with。主语 The teacher 是单数，be 动词用 is，故填 is happy with。 4. My experience of using the train since 2017 has been good. 自2017年乘坐该铁路上的火车以来，我的体验一直很好。 （1）experience 【用法讲解】 ①作不可数名词，意为“经验”，作可数名词，意为“体验；经历”。 例：Failing once is a painful experience.失败一次是痛苦的经历。 She has a lot of experience as a nurse.她当护士很有经验。 ②作及物动词，意为“经历；体验；感受”。 例：They experienced heavy rain in the mountains.他们在山里遇到了大雨。 即讲即练 一、单项选择题 1. He has a lot of ______ in teaching English. A. experience B. experiences C. experienced D. experiencing 【答案】A 【详解】句意：他有丰富的英语教学经验。本题考查 experience 的名词用法。experience 作 “经验” 讲时是不可数名词，没有复数形式，故选 A。 二、用所给单词的适当形式填空 1. The old man ______ (experience) a hard life when he was young. 【答案】experienced 【详解】句意：这位老人年轻时经历过艰苦的生活。本题考查 experience 作动词的用法。句子缺少谓语，由 “when he was young” 可知用一般过去时，experience 的过去式是 experienced，故填 experienced。 5. It is very convenient and doesn't cost much money. 它既方便又不贵。 （1）convenient 【用法讲解】 convenient作形容词，意为“方便的；便利的”。 例句：The supermarket is very convenient for local residents.（这家超市对当地居民非常方便。） 【词形变化】 convenience n. 便利；方便设施（convenient+名词后缀-ence） inconvenient adj. 不方便的（in-否定前缀） 【常用结构】 It is convenient for sb. to do sth. （对某人来说做某事很方便） 例句：It is convenient for students to take the subway to school.（学生乘地铁上学很方便。） 即讲即练 一、单项选择题 1. It’s very ______ for us to take the subway to the city center. A. convenient B. difficult C. hard D. early 【答案】A 【详解】句意：我们乘地铁去市中心很方便。本题考查形容词 convenient 的用法。It is convenient for sb. to do sth. 是固定句型，意为 “对某人来说做某事很方便”，符合语境，故选 A。 二、完成句子 1. 你方便明天来我家吗？ ______ ______ ______ for you to come to my house tomorrow? 【答案】Is it convenient 【详解】句意：你方便明天来我家吗？本题考查固定句型 It is convenient for sb. to do sth. 的一般疑问句。将 is 提前，句首首字母大写，故填 Is it convenient。 6. I am able to get to places on time and make business deals with ease. 我能准时到达各地，轻而易举地谈成生意。 （1）business 【用法讲解】 ① business作不可数名词，意为“商业；生意；贸易”。 例句：He is in the import and export business.（他从事进出口生意。） ② business作可数名词，意为“企业；公司”。 例句：She started a small online business last year.（她去年开了一家小型网店。） ③ business意为“事务；职责”。 例句：None of your business.（这不关你的事。） 【词形变化】 busy adj. 忙碌的 → business n. 商业（busy去y加-iness的变体） businessman/businesswoman n. 商人 【常见短语】 do business（做生意） make business deals 做生意 （2）ease 【用法讲解】 ① ease作不可数名词，意为“容易；舒适；安逸”。 例句：The machine makes cleaning the house very easy.（这台机器让打扫房子变得极其轻松。） 【词形变化】 easy adj. 容易的 → ease n. 容易/舒适（词根转换） unease n. 不安；忧虑 【常用结构】 with ease 轻松地；毫不费力地 例句：She finished the difficult task with ease.（她轻松地完成了这项困难的任务。） 即讲即练 一、单项选择题 1. His father runs a small ______ in the town. A. business B. busy C. thing D. work 【答案】A 【详解】句意：他爸爸在镇上经营一家小企业。本题考查 business 作可数名词的用法。business 作可数名词，意为 “企业；公司”，符合语境，故选 A。 2. She finished the difficult task ______ ease. A. with B. in C. on D. for 【答案】A 【详解】句意：她轻松地完成了这项困难的任务。本题考查固定短语 with ease。with ease 意为 “轻松地；毫不费力地”，是固定搭配，故选 A。 二、用所给单词的适当形式填空 1. The two ______ (businessman) are talking about the plan. 【答案】businessmen 【详解】句意：两位商人正在讨论这个计划。本题考查名词复数。businessman 的复数形式是 businessmen，two 后接复数名词，故填 businessmen。 7. the number of people who use the new train every year每年使用新火车的人数 （1）辨析：the number of与a number of ① “the number of +名词”意为“……的数量”，作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。 ②“a number of +可数名词复数”意为“若干/许多……”，作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。 例：The number of students is 500.学生数量是500。 A number of students are late.不少学生迟到了。 即讲即练 一、单项选择题 1. ______ students in our class is 50. A. A number of B. The number of C. A lot of D. Lots of 【答案】B 【详解】句意：我们班的学生数量是 50 人。本题考查 the number of 的用法。the number of 意为 “…… 的数量”，作主语时谓语动词用单数，符合句意；a number of 意为 “许多”，谓语动词用复数。故选 B。 2. ______ students are playing basketball on the playground. A. The number of B. A number of C. The number D. Number of 【答案】B 【详解】句意：许多学生正在操场上打篮球。本题考查 a number of 的用法。a number of 意为 “若干；许多”，后接可数名词复数，作主语时谓语动词用复数，符合语境，故选 B。 8. With support from the government, Wang Shanghai led a group of 369 people who were determined to make the environment of Saihanba better. 在政府的支持下，王尚海带领着一个由369名决心改善塞罕坝环境的人组成的小组。 （1）lead 【用法讲解】 ① lead作及物/不及物动词，意为“带领；领导；引领”。 例句：She will lead the team to the competition.（她将带领团队参加比赛。） ② lead作可数名词，意为“领先地位；榜样”。 例句：Take the lead in protecting the environment.（在环保方面起带头作用。） 【词形变化】 leader n. 领导者（lead+名词后缀-er） leadership n. 领导力 【常用结构】 ① lead to... （导致；通向） 例句：Too much stress may lead to illness.（压力过大会导致疾病。） ② lead sb. to do sth. （带领某人做某事） 例句：The guide led us to visit the museum.（导游带领我们参观了博物馆。） 【易错点】 注意lead的过去式和过去分词是led，不是leaded。 即讲即练 一、单项选择题 1. Too much stress can ______ health problems. A. lead to B. lead in C. lead on D. lead up 【答案】A 【详解】句意：压力过大会导致健康问题。本题考查固定短语 lead to。lead to 意为 “导致；通向”，符合语境，故选 A。 二、用所给单词的适当形式填空 1. The guide ______ (lead) us to visit the old town yesterday. 【答案】led 【详解】句意：导游昨天带领我们参观了古镇。本题考查动词过去式。由 yesterday 可知用一般过去时，lead 的过去式是 led，故填 led。 9. Now my junior high school is farther from home. 现在我的初中离家更远了。 （1）junior 【用法讲解】 ① junior作形容词，意为“级别较低的；资历较浅的；低年级的”。 例句：He is a junior manager in the company.（他是公司的初级经理。） 【词形变化】 反义词：senior adj./n. 高级的；年长的；毕业班学生 【常见短语】 junior high school（初中） junior employee（初级员工） 即讲即练 一、单项选择题 He is a ______ clerk in the company and has little work experience. A. senior B. junior C. high D. low 【答案】B 【详解】句意：他是公司的初级职员，工作经验不多。本题考查形容词 junior 的用法。junior 意为 “级别较低的；资历较浅的”，符合语境，故选 B。 二、用所给单词的适当形式填空 1. Her sister is a ______ (junior) high school student. 【答案】junior 【详解】句意：她妹妹是一名初中生。本题考查形容词 junior 的用法。修饰名词短语 high school 用形容词 junior，junior high school 意为 “初中”，故填 junior。 10. I have become more confident in my studies and often attend group discussions. 我在学习上变得更自信了，并且经常参加小组讨论。 （1）discussion 【用法讲解】 discussion作可数/不可数名词，意为“讨论；谈论”。 例句：We had a long discussion about the school trip.（我们就学校旅行进行了长时间的讨论。） 【词形变化】 discuss v. 讨论 【常用结构】 ① under discussion （在讨论中） 例句：The new rule is still under discussion.（新规则仍在讨论中。） ② hold/have a discussion on/about sth. （就某事进行讨论） 例句：The class held a discussion on environmental protection.（全班就环境保护进行了讨论。） 即讲即练 一、单项选择题 1. The new plan is still ______ discussion. A. in B. on C. under D. for 【答案】C 【详解】句意：新计划仍在讨论中。本题考查固定短语 under discussion。under discussion 意为 “在讨论中”，是固定搭配，故选 C。 二、用所给单词的适当形式填空 1. Our class will ______ (discussion) the problem tomorrow. 【答案】discuss 【详解】句意：我们班明天会讨论这个问题。本题考查动词用法。will 后接动词原形，discussion 的动词形式是 discuss，意为 “讨论”，故填 discuss。 五、单元重点语法知识解析： 1. used to的用法 used to意为“过去常常；曾经”，后接动词原形。表示过去常常进行的行为或动作，或者过去存在的某种状态，但现在已经不这样了。 【注意】used to 只用于过去时，没有人称和数的变化。 （1）used to结构的句式变换 句式 结构 例句 肯定句 主语 + used to + 动词原形 + 其他。 I used to get up early. 我以前早起。 否定句 ①主语 + didn't use to + 动词原形 + 其他. ②主语 + used not to + 动词原形 + 其他. I did not use to like coffee.我以前不喜欢咖啡。 I used not to like coffee.我以前不喜欢咖啡。 一般疑问句 ①Did + 主语 + use to + 动词原形 + 其他? ②Used + 主语 + to + 动词原形 + 其他? Did you use to live here?你以前住在这里吗？ Used you to live here?你以前住在这里吗？ 【易错辨析】be/get used to doing sth.、be used to do sth.、be used for doing sth. ① be/get used to doing sth.习惯于做某事。 例：I am used to getting up early.我习惯早起。 You’ll get used to the life here soon.你很快就会习惯这儿的生活。 ② be used to do sth.被用来做某事（是被动语态结构） 例：Wood is used to make paper.木材被用来造纸。 ③ be used for doing sth.被用于做某事（for表“用途/功能”） 例：This machine is used for washing clothes.这台机器是用来洗衣服的。 2. 一般过去时和现在完成时的区别 时态 用法 结构 标志词 一般过去时 ①过去某时发生的动作。 ②过去习惯性的动作或存在的状态。 主语 + 动词过去式 + 其他. 主语 + didn't + 动词原形 + 其他. Did + 主语 + 动词原形 + 其他？ 疑问词 + did + 主语 + 动词原形 + 其他？ yesterday（昨天） last + 时间（上周/月/年） ... ago（……以前） in + 过去年份 just now（刚才） at that time（在那时） the other day（前几天） 现在完成时 ①过去动作对现在的影响。 从过去持续到现在的动作。 主语 + have/has +过去分词 + 其他. 主语+ have/has + not +过去分词+其他. Have/Has + 主语 + 过去分词 + 其他？ 疑问词 + have/has + 主语 + 过去分词 + 其他？ already（已经） yet（还/尚未） just（刚刚） ever（曾经） never（从不）before（以前） for + 时间段since + 时间点/从句 so far / up to now到目前为止 in the past/last + 时间段（过去……以来） 例：I saw him yesterday.我昨天看见他了。 She came here last week/month/year.她上周/上个月/去年来到这里。 He has already left.他已经离开了。 Have you finished yet?你做完了吗？ 即讲即练 一、单项选择题 1. I ______ get up late, but now I get up early. A. used to B. am used to C. use to D. was used to 【答案】A 【详解】句意：我过去常常起得晚，但现在起得早。本题考查 used to do 的用法。used to do sth. 意为 “过去常常做某事”，后接动词原形，表示与现在对比，符合语境，故选 A。 2. Wood is used ______ paper. A. make B. to make C. making D. to making 【答案】B 【详解】句意：木材被用来造纸。本题考查被动结构 be used to do。be used to do sth. 意为 “被用来做某事”，是被动语态，符合语境，故选 B。 3. I ______ the movie last week. A. have seen B. saw C. see D. will see 【答案】B 【详解】句意：我上周看了这部电影。本题考查一般过去时。last week 是具体的过去时间状语，句子用一般过去时，see 的过去式是 saw，故选 B。 4. I ______ this movie twice. It’s very interesting. A. saw B. see C. have seen D. will see 【答案】C 【详解】句意：这部电影我已经看过两遍了，非常有趣。本题考查现在完成时。强调过去动作对现在的影响（知道电影有趣），用现在完成时，结构为 have/has + 过去分词，故选 C。 二、用所给单词的适当形式填空 1. I am used to ______ (drink) a cup of milk before going to bed. 【答案】drinking 【详解】句意：我习惯睡前喝一杯牛奶。本题考查固定结构 be used to doing。be used to doing sth. 意为 “习惯于做某事”，to 是介词，后接动名词，故填 drinking。 2. He used to ______ (live) in the countryside. 【答案】live 【详解】句意：他过去住在乡下。本题考查 used to do 的用法。used to do sth. 意为 “过去常常做某事”，后接动词原形，故填 live。 3. He ______ (join) the army in 2020. 【答案】joined 【详解】句意：他 2020 年参了军。本题考查一般过去时。in 2020 是具体的过去时间，句子用一般过去时，join 的过去式是 joined，故填 joined。 4. He ______ (be) in the army for two years. 【答案】has been 【详解】句意：他已经参军两年了。本题考查现在完成时。for + 时间段表示动作持续到现在，用现在完成时，且用延续性动词，主语是 he，故填 has been。 三、句型转换 1. He used to play basketball after school.（改为否定句） He ______ ______ ______ play basketball after school. 【答案】didn’t use to 【详解】句意：他过去放学后常常打篮球。本题考查 used to 的否定句变化。used to 的否定句借助助动词 didn’t，后面用动词原形 use to，故填 didn’t use to。 2. Did she use to walk to school?（作肯定回答） ______, ______ ______. 【答案】Yes; she did 【详解】句意：她过去常常步行上学吗？本题考查 used to 一般疑问句的回答。以 Did 开头的一般疑问句，肯定回答用 Yes, 主语 + did，故填 Yes; she did。 ◇Part 04 知 识 过 关 练 一、选择题 1. ______ is good for our health. A. Run B. Running C. Runs D. Ran 【答案】B 【详解】句意：跑步对我们的健康有益。本题考查动名词作主语。动词作句子主语要用动名词形式，run 的动名词是 running，句首首字母大写，故选 B。 2. The heavy fog ______ many traffic accidents yesterday. A. brought about B. brought up C. took place D. put off 【答案】A 【详解】句意：昨天这场大雾引发了多起交通事故。本题考查动词短语辨析。brought about 意为 “引起；导致”，符合语境；brought up 养育；took place 发生；put off 推迟。故选 A。 3. There are ______ people in the square on National Day. A. thousand of B. thousands of C. five thousands D. five thousand of 【答案】B 【详解】句意：国庆节广场上有成千上万的人。本题考查 thousand 的用法。thousands of 意为 “成千上万的”，表示不确切数目；确切数目结构为 “数词 + thousand + 名词复数”，thousand 不加 - s，不与 of 连用。故选 B。 4. It is very ______ for us to shop online at home. A. convenient B. difficult C. dangerous D. expensive 【答案】A 【详解】句意：我们在家网购很方便。本题考查形容词辨析。convenient 方便的；difficult 困难的；dangerous 危险的；expensive 昂贵的。根据句意，选 A。 5. He ______ in this factory for 5 years. A. works B. worked C. has worked D. will work 【答案】C 【详解】句意：他已经在这家工厂工作 5 年了。本题考查现在完成时。for + 时间段表示动作从过去持续到现在，用现在完成时，结构为 have/has + 过去分词，故选 C。 6. I ______ to the cinema with my friend last night. A. go B. went C. have gone D. will go 【答案】B 【详解】句意：昨晚我和朋友去看电影了。本题考查一般过去时。last night 是具体的过去时间状语，句子用一般过去时，go 的过去式是 went，故选 B。 7. The number of students in our school ______ about 2000. A. is B. are C. has D. have 【答案】A 【详解】句意：我们学校的学生数量大约是 2000 人。本题考查主谓一致。the number of... 作主语，谓语动词用单数形式，故选 A。 8. The new policy will ______ all the people in the city. A. benefit B. beneficial C. support D. wide 【答案】A 【详解】句意：新政策会让城里所有人受益。本题考查动词辨析。benefit 作动词，意为 “使受益”，will 后接动词原形，符合语境；beneficial 是形容词；support 支持；wide 宽的。故选 A。 9. My grandpa ______ take a walk after supper, but now he likes watching TV at home. A. is used to B. used to C. use to D. was used to 【答案】B 【详解】句意：我爷爷过去常常饭后散步，但现在他喜欢在家看电视。本题考查 used to do 的用法。used to do sth. 表示 “过去常常做某事（现在不做了）”，符合前后对比的语境，故选 B。 10. The mountain is ______ with green trees all year round. A. covered B. full C. crowded D. pleased 【答案】A 【详解】句意：这座山一年四季都被绿树覆盖。本题考查固定短语 be covered with。be covered with 意为 “被…… 覆盖”，符合语境，故选 A。 二、填空题 11. The city has many famous tourist ______ (attract). 【答案】attractions 【详解】句意：这座城市有很多著名的旅游景点。本题考查名词复数。tourist attraction 是固定短语，many 后接可数名词复数，attraction 的复数是 attractions，故填 attractions。 12. The little girl is ______ (lack) in courage. 【答案】lacking 【详解】句意：这个小女孩缺乏勇气。本题考查固定结构 be lacking in。be lacking in 意为 “在…… 方面缺乏”，是固定搭配，故填 lacking。 13. English is ______ (wide) used in international business. 【答案】widely 【详解】句意：英语在国际贸易中被广泛使用。本题考查副词用法。修饰动词 used 用副词，wide 的副词形式是 widely，意为 “广泛地”，故填 widely。 14. The guide ______ (lead) us through the forest yesterday. 【答案】led 【详解】句意：导游昨天带领我们穿过了森林。本题考查动词过去式。由 yesterday 可知用一般过去时，lead 的过去式是 led，故填 led。 15. It is of great ______ (benefit) to keep reading every day. 【答案】benefit 【详解】句意：每天坚持阅读大有裨益。本题考查固定结构 be of benefit to。be of + 名词相当于形容词，benefit 作名词，意为 “益处”，故填 benefit。 16. He finished the hard work with great ______ (ease). 【答案】ease 【详解】句意：他轻松地完成了这项艰难的工作。本题考查名词 ease 的用法。with great ease 意为 “极其轻松地”，ease 是不可数名词，故填 ease。 17. We had a warm ______ (discuss) about the holiday plan. 【答案】discussion 【详解】句意：我们就假期计划进行了热烈的讨论。本题考查词形变化。形容词 warm 后接名词，discuss 的名词形式是 discussion，故填 discussion。 18. The company produces many kinds of electronic ______ (product). 【答案】products 【详解】句意：这家公司生产多种电子产品。本题考查名词复数。many kinds of 后接可数名词复数，product 的复数是 products，故填 products。 19. My life has ______ (great) changed since I moved here. 【答案】greatly 【详解】句意：自从搬到这里，我的生活发生了很大的变化。本题考查副词用法。修饰动词 changed 用副词，great 的副词形式是 greatly，意为 “极大地”，故填 greatly。 20. There is a serious ______ (short) of food in the poor area. 【答案】shortage 【详解】句意：贫困地区严重缺粮。本题考查词形变化。形容词 serious 后接名词，short 的名词形式是 shortage，意为 “短缺”，故填 shortage。 21. He is a ______ (junior) high school student and will graduate next year. 【答案】junior 【详解】句意：他是一名初中生，明年就要毕业了。本题考查固定短语 junior high school。junior 作形容词，意为 “低年级的”，修饰 high school，故填 junior。 22. The machine is used for ______ (wash) clothes. 【答案】washing 【详解】句意：这台机器是用来洗衣服的。本题考查固定结构 be used for doing。for 是介词，后接动名词，wash 的动名词是 washing，故填 washing。 三、完成句子。 23. 妈妈对我这次的考试成绩很满意。 Mom ______ ______ ______ my exam results this time. 【答案】is happy with 【详解】句意：妈妈对我这次的考试成绩很满意。本题考查固定短语 be happy with。be happy with 意为 “对…… 满意”，主语 Mom 是单数，be 动词用 is，故填 is happy with。 24. 他毫不费力地通过了驾驶考试。 He passed the driving test ______ ______. 【答案】with ease 【详解】句意：他毫不费力地通过了驾驶考试。本题考查固定短语 with ease。with ease 意为 “轻松地；毫不费力地”，在句中作状语，故填 with ease。 25. He went to Beijing last month.（改为一般疑问句） ______ he ______ to Beijing last month? 【答案】Did; go 【详解】句意：他上个月去了北京。本题考查一般过去时的一般疑问句。一般过去时的实义动词句子变一般疑问句，借助助动词 Did 放在句首，后面动词用原形 go，故填 Did；go。 26. I have already finished my homework.（改为否定句） I ______ finished my homework ______. 【答案】haven’t; yet 【详解】句意：我已经完成了我的家庭作业。本题考查现在完成时的否定句。现在完成时的否定句在 have/has 后加 not，already 要改为 yet 放在句末，故填 haven’t；yet。 27. 很多学生从在线课程中受益。 Many students ______ ______ online classes. 【答案】benefit from 【详解】句意：很多学生从在线课程中受益。本题考查固定短语 benefit from。benefit from 意为 “从…… 中受益”，主语是复数，用一般现在时，动词用原形，故填 benefit from。 28. 这家商店面临店员短缺的问题。 The shop is facing a ______ ______ shop assistants. 【答案】shortage of 【详解】句意：这家商店面临店员短缺的问题。本题考查固定短语 a shortage of。a shortage of 意为 “…… 的短缺”，符合句意，故填 shortage of。 29. 对我们来说学好英语很重要。 ______ ______ important for us ______ ______ English well. 【答案】It is; to learn 【详解】句意：对我们来说学好英语很重要。本题考查固定句型 It is + 形容词 + for sb. + to do sth.。it 作形式主语，真正的主语是后面的不定式，故填 It is；to learn。 30. 成千上万的游客每年来参观这座古镇。 ______ ______ visitors come to visit this old town every year. 【答案】Thousands of 【详解】句意：成千上万的游客每年来参观这座古镇。本题考查固定短语 thousands of。thousands of 意为 “成千上万的”，句首首字母大写，故填 Thousands of。 ◇Part 05 能 力 提 升 练 一、完形填空 阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C三个选项中,选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 Over the past ten years, my hometown has changed beyond imagination. These changes make people’s lives happier and full of hope. Thanks to good policies and people’s hard work. Thirty years ago, most families here were not 1 . Many kids even dropped out of school to help with farm work. But now, 2 has been greatly developed. The government built new schools with modern facilities, and every child can 3 a good education. Teachers try their best to help students, and students all 4 to enter ideal high schools. People’s living habits have changed too. In the past, people had no 5 time for hobbies. They were busy making a living all day. Now, after work, they can take part in different activities, like dancing, reading 6 doing sports. There are also new parks and squares where people can relax. What’s more, people’s ideas become open. They reach 7 on building a greener hometown. Many families plant trees around their houses, and the environment is getting better. We 8 see some big changes in traffic—narrow roads turn into wide streets, and buses are more convenient. With these changes, people know they can 9 more dreams if they keep working hard. No one thought our hometown would become so great before, and we 10 a better future. We feel lucky to live in such a good time and will cherish it. 1．A．wealthy B．poor C．busy 2．A．health B．education C．traffic 3．A．bring B．lose C．get 4．A．plan B．refuse C．forget 5．A．spare B．happy C．relaxing 6．A．so B．or C．but 7．A．agreement B．problem C．decision 8．A．too B．also C．either 9．A．achieve B．give C．lose 10．A．hope B．wait C．expect 【答案】1．A 2．B 3．C 4．A 5．A 6．B 7．A 8．B 9．A 10．C 【导语】本文介绍了作者家乡十年来发生的变化，包括教育、生活方式、环境等方面。 【详解】1．句意：三十年前，这里的大多数家庭都不富裕。 下文提到孩子辍学帮忙农活，说明家庭“不富裕”，空前有not，wealthy“富裕的”符合。poor“贫穷的”与not连用后意为“不贫穷”，与事实矛盾；busy“忙碌的”与贫富无关。 2．句意：但现在，教育得到了极大的发展。 下文提到政府建新学校、孩子接受良好教育，说明“教育”得到了发展，education“教育”符合。health“健康”，traffic“交通”，均与学校建设不符。 3．句意：每个孩子都能接受良好的教育。 政府建学校后，孩子能“得到”良好教育，get“得到”符合。bring“带来”，lose“失去”，均与接受教育不符。 4．句意：学生们都计划进入理想的高中。 老师努力帮助后，学生“计划”进入理想高中，plan to do“计划做某事”，plan“计划”符合。refuse“拒绝”，forget“忘记”，均与积极向上的目标不符。 5．句意：过去，人们没有空闲时间用于爱好。 过去人们整天忙于生计，没有“空闲”时间，spare time“空闲时间”，spare“空闲的”符合。happy“快乐的”，relaxing“放松的”，均与时间描述不符。 6．句意：比如跳舞、读书或做运动。 列举几种活动，表示选择关系，or“或者”符合。so“所以”表结果，but“但是”表转折，均与并列列举不符。 7．句意：他们在建设更绿色的家乡上达成共识。 人们想法开放，在环保上达成“共识”，reach agreement on“就……达成共识”，agreement“一致”符合。problem“问题”，decision“决定”，均与“达成一致”的含义不符。 8．句意：我们也看到交通方面的一些大变化。 除了环境变化，交通方面“也”有变化，also“也”用于肯定句句中，表示补充。too用于句末，either用于否定句，均与句中位置不符。 9．句意：人们知道如果他们继续努力工作，就能实现更多的梦想。 努力工作的结果是“实现”梦想，achieve dreams“实现梦想”，achieve“实现”符合。give“给”，lose“失去”，均与梦想达成不符。 10．句意：我们都期待更美好的未来。 人们对未来有美好“期待”，expect a better future“期待更美好的未来”，expect“期待”符合。hope“希望”后接for，wait“等待”后接for，均与直接宾语搭配不符。 二、阅读理解 Fan Zhenxi is the Party Branch Secretary (党支部书记) of Zhoutaizi Village in Hebei Province. For nearly forty years, he has led his villagers out of poverty (贫困) and built a happy home, earning him the title of the “New Era Iron (铁) Man Farmer”. In 1987, the 25-year-old Fan returned to his hometown as the village Party Branch Secretary. At that time, Zhoutaizi Village was a poor mountain village with 80,000 yuan in debt. Fan made up his mind to make a change. He led villagers to build roads, bridges, and factories, and to plant fruit trees. Long ago, Zhoutaizi Village was very poor. Young Fan Zhenxi decided to lead villagers to change their life. He worked hard day and night to develop businesses and build a better village. Unluckily, he got a serious illness. But he never gave up. He kept working for villagers even when he was weak. He cared about people’s life more than his own health. Under his leadership, the poor village became rich and beautiful. Villagers live happy lives now. Fan Zhenxi is great and selfless (无私的). He never thinks about himself too much. He always puts the villagers first in everything. His spirit teaches us to be brave, responsible and helpful. Many people are moved by his strong will and kindness. His story spreads widely and encourages lots of teenagers. We will remember his great spirit forever. 11．When did Fan Zhenxi become the village Party Branch Secretary? A．In 1978. B．In 1987. C．In 1997. D．In 2007. 12．What did Fan Zhenxi lead villagers to do to make the village rich? A．Open big schools. B．Buy expensive cars. C．Travel around the world. D．Build roads and plant fruit trees. 13．What does the underlined word “debt” mean? A．Money in the bank. B．Food for villagers. C．Money borrowed from others. D．Land for farming. 14．What can we infer (推断) from the passage? A．Fan Zhenxi is lazy. B．Zhoutaizi Village is still poor now. C．Fan Zhenxi loves his villagers deeply. D．Fan Zhenxi gave up working because of illness. 15．What is the best title for the passage? A．A Poor Village in Hebei B．Serious Illness Is Not Terrible C．How to Build a Beautiful Village D．Fan Zhenxi: The New Era Iron Man Farmer 【答案】11．B 12．D 13．C 14．C 15．D 【导语】本文主要介绍了河北省周台子村党支部书记范振喜近四十年来带领村民脱贫致富的事迹，展现了他无私奉献、坚韧不拔的精神。 【详解】11．文章第二段“In 1987, the 25-year-old Fan returned to his hometown as the village Party Branch Secretary.”，表明范振喜在1987年成为村党支部书记。 12．文章第二段“He led villagers to build roads, bridges, and factories, and to plant fruit trees.”，表明他带领村民修路、建厂和种植果树。 13．划线词所在句“Zhoutaizi Village was a poor mountain village with 80,000 yuan in debt.”表明当时周台子村是一个贫困山村，且有8万元的债务，debt意为“债务”，即欠别人的钱。 14．文章第四段“He always puts the villagers first in everything.”以及全文描述他带病工作、无私奉献的事迹表明他深爱着村民。 15．文章主要讲述了范振喜带领村民脱贫致富的感人故事，并提到了他被誉为“新时代铁人农民”的称号。D选项既包含了人物姓名，又包含了其核心称号，最能概括全文主旨。 三、书面表达 16．“绿水青山就是金山银山”。近年来，我们国家在发展经济的同时也非常重视对环境的保护。假设你是阳光中学的李华, 你校英语俱乐部正以“The Great Changes in My Hometown”为主题进行征文活动，请你用英语写一篇短文参加活动，介绍家乡的环境变化，并描绘自己对美好未来的期待。提示： 要求：(1)短文必须包含以上所有要点，可适当发挥； (2)文中不得出现考生的真实姓名和学校名称； (3)词数100左右(开头已给出，不计入总词数)。 Hello, everyone! I’m Li Hua. My hometown has changed greatly these years. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】 Hello, everyone! I’m Li Hua. My hometown has changed greatly these years. In the past, the roads were narrow and dirty, and the air wasn’t fresh. There were few trees, so birds seldom came. But now, everything has changed! The roads have become clean and wide, with colorful flowers on both sides. We’ve planted many trees, and the air is fresh again. Birds sing in the green parks every morning. In the future, I hope my hometown will be more beautiful. Maybe we’ll have more bike paths to protect the environment. Factories will use clean energy, and rivers will be clearer. I believe “green mountains are gold mountains” will come true here! Let’s work together to make it happen. 【详解】写作步骤 【第一步：审题立意】 确定文体：这是一篇记叙文，用一般过去时、一般现在时和一般将来时 明确要点：过去和现在的环境状况，对家乡美好未来的期待 确定人称：第一人称（I/my） 注意事项：文中不得出现考生的真实姓名和学校名称 【第二步：构思布局】 三段式结构： 开头段：开门见山，点明核心主题——家乡近些年发生巨大的变化 主体段：今昔对比，描述过去落后的环境状况和现在家乡环境改善后的结果 结尾段：展望未来，表达对家乡变得更加美丽和生活更加美好的期待 【第三步：要点展开】 要点一：过去的环境 the roads were narrow and dirty/the air wasn’t fresh/There were few trees/birds seldom came/Pollution was very serious, and there was rubbish everywhere等 要点二：现在的环境 The roads have become clean and wide/with colorful flowers on both sides/We’ve planted many trees/the air is fresh again/Birds sing in the green parks every morning/The mountains have turned greener, the rivers are cleaner and the sky is bluer等 要点三：未来的展望 美好期望：I hope my hometown will be more beautiful/I hope our living environment will get much better等 提出建议：Maybe we’ll have more bike paths to protect the environment/Factories will use clean energy/rivers will be clearer/we will set up more community gardens等 信心表达：I believe “green mountains are gold mountains” will come true here/I believe the future of my hometown will be better and better等 发出呼吁：Let’s work together to make it happen/Let’s take small actions together to protect our lovely hometown等 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $