人教版新版九年级上册英语 Unit 1 The Changing World 知识清单背诵版+默写版

2026-06-18
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学段 初中
学科 英语
教材版本 初中英语人教版九年级上册
年级 九年级
章节 Unit 1 The Changing World
类型 学案-知识清单
知识点 -
使用场景 寒暑假-暑假
学年 2026-2027
地区(省份) 全国
地区(市) -
地区(区县) -
文件格式 ZIP
文件大小 102 KB
发布时间 2026-06-18
更新时间 2026-06-18
作者 小白博士爱学习
品牌系列 -
审核时间 2026-06-18
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人教版九年级上册 Unit 1 The Changing World 知识清单(默写版) 一、核心词汇(词形变换+搭配+例句) 1. highway n.高速公路;公路 词形变换:复数 ____________ 搭配:a new highway 一条新高速公路;build a highway 修建高速公路;highway system 高速公路网 例句:A new __________ _________ been built, and the travel time _________ been cut to just half an hour.(一条新高速公路建成了,出行时间缩短到了仅仅半小时。) 2. railway n.铁路 词形变换:复数 _______________ 搭配:a new railway 一条新铁路;railway station 火车站;by railway 乘火车 例句:The new 480-kilometre Mombasa-Nairobi _______________ was opened in 2017.(新的480公里蒙内铁路于2017年通车。) 3. bridge n.桥;桥梁 词形变换:复数 _______________ 搭配:cross the bridge 过桥;build a bridge 建桥;high bridge 高架桥 例句:The _______________ made it convenient for the villagers to travel across the river to the city.(这座桥让村民们过河进城变得方便了。) 4. capital n.首都;省会;大写字母 词形变换:复数 _______________ 搭配:_______________capital of... ……的首都;capital city 首都城市;capital letter 大写字母 例句:Beijing, China's _______________, hosted the 2008 Summer Olympics and the 2022 Winter Olympics.(中国首都北京举办了2008年夏季奥运会和2022年冬季奥运会。) 5. transport n./v.交通;运输;运送 词形变换:三单 _______________;过去式/过去分词 _______________;现在分词 _______________;名词形式 _______________(交通运输) 搭配:transport links 交通连接;public transport 公共交通;transport _______________ of food 食物运输 例句:The railway _______________ also made the _______________ of food easier.(这条铁路也让食物运输变得更方便了。) 6. sandstorm n.沙尘暴 词形变换:复数 _______________ 搭配:a terrible sandstorm 一场可怕的沙尘暴;sandstorm weather 沙尘暴天气 例句:There _______________ be _______________ all the time in that area.(那个地区过去总是有沙尘暴。) 7. bush n.灌木;灌木丛 词形变换:复数 _______________ 搭配:plant bushes 种植灌木;hold the soil together 把土壤固定在一起 例句:Locals found a _______________ that had roots that could hold the soil together.(当地人发现了一种灌木,它的根能把土壤固定在一起。) 8. root n.根;根源 词形变换:复数 _______________ 搭配:_______________roots of the trees 树根;hold the soil together 固定土壤;_______________root of the problem 问题的根源 例句:The _______________ of bushes and trees hold the soil together.(灌木和树木的根把土壤固定在一起。) 9. soil n.土壤;土地 搭配:hold the soil together 固定土壤;sandy soil 沙质土壤;rich soil 肥沃的土壤 例句:The roots of the trees hold the _______________ together, and the environment _______________ greatly improved.(树根把土壤固定在一起,环境也得到了极大的改善。) 10. environment n.环境;自然环境 词形变换:形容词形式 _______________(环境的) 搭配:protect the environment 保护环境;improve the environment 改善环境;environmental protection 环境保护 例句:The _______________ _______________ greatly improved since they planted trees.(自从他们种树以来,环境已经大大改善了。) 11. freezing adj.极冷的;冰冻的 词形变换:动词形式 _______________(冻结;结冰);过去式 _______________;过去分词 _______________(冷冻的) 搭配:below freezing 零度以下;freezing cold 极其寒冷;freezing point 冰点 例句:Temperatures were below _______________ during the winter.(冬天的时候气温在零度以下。) 12. product n.产品;制品 词形变换:复数 _______________;动词形式 _______________(生产;制造);名词形式 _______________(生产;产量) 搭配:local products 当地产品;digital product 数字产品;sell products online 在网上销售产品 例句:A digital _______________ is something you sell online and doesn't _______________ a physical form.(数字产品是你在网上销售的、没有实体形态的东西。) 13. corn n.玉米;谷物 搭配:corn fields 玉米田;grow corn 种玉米 例句:The _______________ fields are now covered with green plants.(玉米田现在覆盖着绿色的植物。) 14. wide adj.宽的;宽阔的;广泛的 词形变换:比较级 _______________;最高级 _______________;副词形式 _______________(广泛地);反义词 _______________(窄的) 搭配:wide road 宽阔的道路;widely used 被广泛使用;wide open 大敞着 例句:The road _______________ be narrow and dirty. Now, it is _______________ and clean.(这条路过去又窄又脏。现在,它又宽又干净。) 15. sandy adj.沙的;多沙的 词形变换:名词形式 _______________(沙子);比较级 _______________;最高级 _______________ 搭配:sandy soil 沙质土壤;sandy beach 沙滩 例句:The hills around our village were covered with _______________ soil.(我们村庄周围的山丘上覆盖着沙质土壤。) 16. government n.政府 词形变换:复数 _______________;动词形式 _______________(统治;管理) 搭配:_______________government 政府;government support 政府支持;with support _______________ from the government 在政府的支持下 例句:With support from the _______________, Wang Shanghai led a group of 369 people.(在政府的支持下,王尚海带领了369人。) 17. result n./v.结果;导致 词形变换:复数 _______________;过去式/过去分词 _______________ 搭配:as a result 结果;因此;as a result _______________ of 由于……的结果;_______________result of... ……的结果 例句:This is the _______________ of hard work and people working together.(这是努力工作和人们团结协作的结果。) 18. digital adj.数字的;数码的 搭配:digital product 数字产品;digital books 电子书;e-payment 电子支付 例句:I also read some _______________ books on the computer.(我还在电脑上读了一些电子书。) 19. lorry n.卡车;(英式)运货汽车 词形变换:复数 _______________;美式英语 _______________(卡车) 搭配:hundreds _______________ of lorries 数百辆卡车;by lorry 用卡车运输 例句:Food _______________ take hundreds of lorries to carry between the two cities.(过去运送两个城市之间的食物需要数百辆卡车。) 20. attract v.吸引 词形变换:三单 _______________;过去式/过去分词 _______________;现在分词 _______________;名词形式 _______________(吸引力;景点) 搭配:attract tourists 吸引游客;tourist attraction 旅游景点;attract one's attention 吸引某人的注意 例句:Our village _______________ become a tourist _______________ and many tourists come to visit.(我们村变成了旅游景点,很多游客来参观。) 二、核心词组(搭配+例句) 1. used to do 过去常常做(暗示现在已不再如此)(后接动词原形,注意与be used to doing区分) 例句:Many people _______________ work in big cities. (过去很多人在大城市工作。) 2. take place 发生;举行(无被动语态) 例句:Great changes _______________ in the town over the last few years. (在过去的几年里,镇上发生了巨大的变化。) 3. as a result 结果;因此(表示因果关系,常用于连接两个句子) 例句:_______________, people now _______________ more fresh food to eat. (结果,人们现在有更多新鲜食物可吃。) 4. hold...together 把……固定在一起(常指树根固定土壤) 例句:The roots of bushes and trees _________ the soil ____________. (灌木和树木的根把土壤固定在一起。) 5. tourist attraction 旅游景点;名胜(复合名词,attraction是attract的名词形式) 例句:Our village _________ become a _______________ .(我们村成了一个旅游景点。) 6. cut the travel time 缩短旅行时间(cut的过去式和过去分词都是cut) 例句:The new railway _______________ already _______________ between the two cities to about four hours.(新铁路已经把两座城市之间的旅行时间缩短到大约4小时。) 7. be covered with 被……覆盖(注意介词用with,不用by) 例句:The hills _______ now _______________ green trees and bushes. (山丘现在覆盖着绿树和灌木。) 8. come back 回来;回归 例句:More young people _______________ to live and work here. (更多年轻人回来在这里生活和工作了。) 9. with support from 在……的支持下(介词with短语,注意from的搭配) 例句:_______________ the government, they planted many trees and bushes. (在政府的支持下,他们种了许多树木和灌木。) 10. a great deal of 大量的;许多的(后接不可数名词,等同于a lot of/lots of) 例句:The fashion industry spends _______________money on advertising. (时尚行业花大量的钱做广告。) 三、核心语法:三种时态对比 (一)used to do(单元重点,必考易错点) 1. 定义 used to do 用来表示过去常常做某事或过去存在的状态,暗含"现在已经不再这样了"的意思。它就像是在告诉别人:"我以前是这样的,但现在已经变了。"这个结构是本单元最核心的语法点,因为它天然地和"变化"这个主题绑定在一起——说"过去怎样",潜台词就是"现在不一样了"。 2. 详细用法 (1)基本结构 ★ 主语 + _______________ + 动词原形 这个结构最关键的一点是:used to 后面跟的是动词原形,不是过去式,也不是-ing形式。你可以把它当成一个“半助动词”来看,它本身就带着“过去”的含义,所以后面的动词不需要再变过去式了。 例句1:We _______________ travel far to see a doctor.(我们过去不得不跑很远去看病。) 例句2:Many people _______________ work in big cities.(过去很多人在大城市工作。) 例句3:I _______________ grow a few vegetables on a small farm.(我过去在小农场种一点蔬菜。) (2)否定形式 ★ 主语 + did not _______________ + 动词原形 / 主语 + used not to + 动词原形 used to 的否定有两种形式:一种是借助did变成didn't use to(注意这里used变回了use,因为did已经承担了"过去"的功能);另一种是直接在used后面加not,变成used not to 或 usedn't to。两种都对,但考试中更常考didn't use to 这种形式。 例句1:He ___________ like vegetables, but now he loves them. (他过去不喜欢蔬菜,但现在他很喜欢。) 例句2:There ___________ be any shops here.(这里过去没有商店。) (3)疑问形式 ★ Did + 主语 + use to + 动词原形? / Used + 主语 + to + 动词原形? 和否定一样,疑问也有两种形式。用Did开头时,后面的use要还原成原形;用Used开头时,后面直接跟to do。记住这个规律:有did就还原,没did就不还原。 例句1: you walk to school?(你过去走路去上学吗?) 例句2: there a hospital here?(这里过去有医院吗?) (4)used to do vs be used to doing(必记) 这是考试最爱出的"陷阱题"!两个结构长得像,但意思完全不同: used to do = 过去常常做(现在不做了) be used to _______________ = 习惯于做(现在仍然在做) 区分的关键在于:有没有be动词。有be的话,就是"习惯于";没有be的话,就是"过去常常"。而且be used to后面跟的是doing,不是do!这点特别容易记混,建议你这样联想:"习惯"是一个持续的状态,所以用be+doing(正在进行感);"过去常常"是一个过去的事情,所以用used to+do(已经完成了的感觉)。 例句1:I _______________ get up early, but now I don't.(我过去常常早起,但现在不了。) 例句2:I _______________ getting up early now.(我现在已经习惯早起了。) 3. 易错点总结(必记) 易错点1:否定形式中,借助did后used要还原为use。 ❌ I didn't used to like coffee. → ✅ I didn't _______________ to like coffee. 易错点2:be used to后面跟doing,不是do。 ❌ He is used to get up early. → ✅ He is used to _______________ up early. 易错点3:疑问句中,借助Did后used还原为use。 ❌ Did you used to live here? → ✅ Did you _______________ to live here? (二)现在完成时(单元重点) 1. 定义 现在完成时表示过去发生的动作对现在造成了影响,或者从过去一直持续到现在的动作或状态。你可以把它理解为"过去的动作+现在的影响"——它不是单纯在讲过去的事,而是站在"现在"这个时间点往回看:某件事已经发生了,而这个发生对"现在"有意义。本单元讲"变化",正好需要这个时态——"已经建了新医院""已经修了新公路",都是在说变化的结果。 2. 详细用法 (1)基本结构 ★ 主语 + _______________ + 过去分词 现在完成时的核心是have/has加上动词的过去分词。规则动词的过去分词和过去式一样(加-ed),但不规则动词的过去分词需要单独记忆,这是本单元的重点难点。第三人称单数主语用has,其他人称用have。 例句1:Our village ______ just ______ a new hospital.(build)(我们村刚建了一座新医院。) 例句2:Great changes _______________ place.(take)(发生了巨大的变化。) 例句3:They _______________ each other for ages!(see)(他们已经好久没见面了!) (2)常见时间标志词(必记) 现在完成时常和以下时间状语搭配,看到这些词就要条件反射想到现在完成时: already(已经)、yet(还;已经)、just(刚刚)、ever(曾经)、never(从不)、for + 时间段(长达……)、since + 时间点/从句(自从……)、over the last/past + 时间段(在过去的……里)、in the last/past + 时间段(在过去的……里) 特别提醒:over the last ten years 这类表达,虽然看起来像是"过去",但其实强调的是"从过去持续到现在"的变化过程,所以用现在完成时。 (3)have been to vs have gone to(易错点) ★ have _______________ to + 地点 = 曾经去过某地(已回来) ★ have _______________ to + 地点 = 已经去了某地(还没回来) 这个区别很简单:been是"去过",人已经回来了;gone是"去了",人还在那边没回来。用生活场景来记:你问同学"你去过北京吗?",用的是been,因为他现在在你面前,说明已经回来了;如果你找某人找不到,别人说"他去北京了",用的是gone,因为他还没回来。 例句1:I have to Beijing twice.(我去过北京两次。) 例句2:He has to Beijing. He'll be back next week.(他去北京了,下周回来。) (4)for vs since(必记) ★ _______________ + 时间段(for three years / for a long time) ★ _______________ + 时间点 / 过去时的从句(since 2020 / since he left) for后面跟的是"一段时间",回答的是"多久"的问题;since后面跟的是"一个时间点"或"一个过去的动作",回答的是"从什么时候开始"的问题。考试中最常见的错误就是把for和since搞混。记住:for接时间段,since接时间点。 例句1:They haven't seen each other ages.(他们已经很久没见面了。) 例句2:I have lived here 2015.(我从2015年起就住在这里了。) 3. 易错点总结(必记) 易错点1:现在完成时不能和表示过去具体时间的状语(yesterday, last week, in 2020等)连用。有明确过去时间点时,用一般过去时。 ❌ I have seen him yesterday. → ✅ I _______________ him yesterday. 易错点2:表示"去过某地几次"用have been to,不用have gone to。gone表示人还没回来,不可能"去了两次"还没回来。 ❌ He has gone to Beijing twice. → ✅ He has _______________ to Beijing twice. 易错点3:buy是短暂性动词,不能和for+时间段连用。需要换成延续性动词had,表示"拥有"这个持续状态。 ❌ I have bought this book for two years. → ✅ I have _______________ this book for two years. (三)一般过去时(单元重点,常与现在完成时对比考查) 1. 定义 一般过去时表示过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态,强调的是"这件事在过去某个时间点发生了",和现在没有直接联系。你可以把它理解为"讲述历史"——只是客观陈述过去的事情,不涉及对现在的影响。 2. 详细用法 (1)基本结构 ★ 主语 + 动词过去式 一般过去时的核心就是动词过去式。规则动词加-ed,不规则动词需要单独记忆。本单元课文出现了became、opened、were等不规则形式,要特别注意。 例句1:He _______________ a good friend about 20 years ago.(大约20年前他成了好朋友。) 例句2:It _______________ last Friday.(它上周五开放的。) 例句3:The old trains _______________ very slow.(旧火车非常慢。) (2)常见时间标志词 yesterday、last week/month/year、...ago、in 2020、just now、the other day、in the past 等。看到这些明确的过去时间,就要想到用一般过去时。 3. 与现在完成时的核心区别 这是本单元最重要的辨析点。 简单来说:一般过去时是"关门讲故事"——只管过去的事;现在完成时是"开着门看影响"——过去的事和现在有关系。判断用哪个时态,看两个关键: 第一,看时间状语。有明确的过去时间(yesterday, last year, in 2017),用一般过去时;有already/just/yet/for/since/over the last...,用现在完成时。 第二,看语境强调什么。如果只是陈述"当时发生了什么",用一般过去时;如果强调"这件事对现在有影响"或"变化已经发生",用现在完成时。 对比:The railway in 2017.(只陈述2017年的事实,用一般过去时)    The railway already the travel time.(强调变化的结果,用现在完成时) 4. 易错点总结(必记) 易错点1:last year是明确的过去时间,不能用现在完成时,要用一般过去时。 ❌ I have visited the Great Wall last year. → ✅ I _______________ the Great Wall last year. 易错点2:如果问的是"你看了没有"(对现在有影响),应该用现在完成时提问。用Did问则只是问过去的行为。 ❌ Did you see my new library? — Yes, I have seen it. → ✅ you seen my new library? — Yes, I have seen it. 语法练习题 A. 单项选择 1. — ____ you ____ to school by bike? — Yes, but now I take the bus. A. Did; use B. Did; used C. Do; use D. Were; used 2. Great changes ____ in our city over the last ten years. A. have taken place B. took place C. have been taken place D. were taken place 3. The new library ____ last Friday. I ____ there twice. A. opened; have been B. has opened; went C. opened; have gone D. has opened; have been 4. He is used to ____ early and taking a walk in the park. A. getting up B. get up C. got up D. gets up 5. I ____ this book for two weeks. I ____ it in a bookstore. A. have had; bought B. have bought; bought C. had; have bought D. bought; have bought 6. — Where is your brother? — He ____ the supermarket. A. has gone to B. has been to C. went to D. goes to 7. There ____ no shops here in the past. Now there ____ a big shopping street. A. used to be; is B. used to be; has C. were; has been D. are; is 8. I haven't seen her ____ she moved to Shanghai. A. since B. for C. before D. after B. 用所给单词的适当形式填空 1. My hometown _______________ (change) a lot in the last five years. 2. We _______________ (use to) ride bikes to school, but now we take the bus. 3. The new school _______________ (open) last September. 4. I _______________ never _______________ (travel) abroad, but I want to go next year. 5. The roots of trees _______________ (hold) the soil together and the environment has improved. 6. They _______________ (just finish) building the new railway. 7. He _______________ (be) a teacher since he _______________ (graduate) from college. 8. My grandma _______________ (live) in this village for over 50 years. She _______________ (come) here when she was young. C. 句型转换 1. People used to travel by horse.(改为否定句) 2. The village has built a new hospital.(改为一般疑问句并作肯定回答) 3. I have lived here since 2020.(对划线部分since 2020提问) 4. He has gone to Beijing. He will come back next week.(用合并为一句) 5. They planted trees last year. The environment has improved.(用since合并句子) 四、单元书面表达总结(写作指导+高分素材+范文+模板) (一)写作框架梳理(4段式) 本单元的写作主题是"变化"——Changes in My Hometown 或 Changes in My Life。这类文章的核心逻辑就是"过去怎样→现在怎样→我的感受",用对比的方式展现变化。建议采用4段式结构: 第一段(开头,1-2句):总起引入——点明"发生了很大变化"这个主题。 核心句式:Great changes have taken place in... over the last... years.      My life/hometown has changed a lot since... 第二段(中间1,3-5句):过去的情况——用used to和一般过去时描述"过去怎样",具体描写2-3个方面的变化。 核心句式:In the past, ... used to...      It used to take... to... 第三段(中间2,3-5句):现在的情况——用现在完成时和一般现在时描述"现在怎样",突出变化的成果。 核心句式:Now,... has/have...      As a result,... 第四段(结尾,1-2句):总结升华——点明"不变的东西",用情感升华主题。 核心句式:..., but one thing stays the same:...      Although... has changed,... remains unchanged. (二)高分词汇/词组积累 高分词汇替换 基础词 高分替换词 含义 写作例句 change transform / improve 转变/改善 The town has been transformed into a modern city.这座小镇已蜕变为一座现代化城市。 many a great deal of / a large number of 大量的 A great deal of money has been spent on the project.这个项目已经投入了大量资金。 good remarkable / significant 显著的 Significant changes have taken place in the last decade.过去十年间发生了巨大变化。 old outdated / traditional 过时的/传统的 The old transport system was outdated and slow.老旧的交通体系落后且运行缓慢。 big enormous / tremendous 巨大的 The town has made tremendous progress. 这座小镇取得了巨大的发展。 important crucial / vital 关键的/至关重要的 The new highway is crucial for local development.这条新建高速公路对当地发展至关重要。 高分词组 ① great changes have taken place 发生了巨大变化 ② used to do 过去常常做(暗示现在不同) ③ as a result 结果;因此 ④ be covered with 被……覆盖 ⑤ with the development of 随着……的发展 ⑥ over the last/past...years 在过去的……年里 ⑦ have a great influence on 对……有很大影响 ⑧ make progress 取得进步 ⑨ compared with 与……相比 ⑩ one thing stays the same 有一件事始终不变 (三)参考范文 Changes in My Hometown Great changes have taken place in my hometown over the last ten years. In the past, the roads were narrow and rough. It used to take us over two hours to travel to the city centre by bus. The hills around our village were covered with sandy soil. Many people used to work in big cities far away from home. However, now great changes have taken place. A new highway has been built, and the travel time has been cut to just half an hour. The hills are now covered with green trees and bushes. The roots of the trees hold the soil together, and the environment has greatly improved. Many tourists now come to visit our beautiful village. As a result, local farmers have become rich and many have started their own businesses. My life has changed in many ways, but one thing stays the same: the feeling of love and happiness shared by my family. (四)写作模板(万能模板) Changes in My _______________ Great changes have taken place in _______________ (表明变化发生的地点/方面) over the last _______________ (时间段). In the past, _______________ (描述过去的情况). It used to _______________ (用used to描述过去习惯或状态). People used to _______________ (具体描述过去的困难或不足). However, now _______________ (描述现在的变化). _______________ has/have been built/improved (用现在完成时强调变化成果). As a result, _______________ (变化带来的结果或好处). Although many things have changed, one thing stays the same: _______________ (点明不变的东西,升华主题). 1 / 16 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 $ 人教版九年级上册 Unit 1 The Changing World 知识清单(背诵版) 一、核心词汇(词形变换+搭配+例句) 1. highway n.高速公路;公路 词形变换:复数 highways 搭配:a new highway 一条新高速公路;build a highway 修建高速公路;highway system 高速公路网 例句:A new highway has been built, and the travel time has been cut to just half an hour.(一条新高速公路建成了,出行时间缩短到了仅仅半小时。) 2. railway n.铁路 词形变换:复数 railways 搭配:a new railway 一条新铁路;railway station 火车站;by railway 乘火车 例句:The new 480-kilometre Mombasa-Nairobi railway was opened in 2017.(新的480公里蒙内铁路于2017年通车。) 3. bridge n.桥;桥梁 词形变换:复数 bridges 搭配:cross the bridge 过桥;build a bridge 建桥;high bridge 高架桥 例句:The bridge made it convenient for the villagers to travel across the river to the city.(这座桥让村民们过河进城变得方便了。) 4. capital n.首都;省会;大写字母 词形变换:复数 capitals 搭配:the capital of... ……的首都;capital city 首都城市;capital letter 大写字母 例句:Beijing, China's capital, hosted the 2008 Summer Olympics and the 2022 Winter Olympics.(中国首都北京举办了2008年夏季奥运会和2022年冬季奥运会。) 5. transport n./v.交通;运输;运送 词形变换:三单 transports;过去式/过去分词 transported;现在分词 transporting;名词形式 transportation(交通运输) 搭配:transport links 交通连接;public transport 公共交通;transport of food 食物运输 例句:The railway has also made the transport of food easier.(这条铁路也让食物运输变得更方便了。) 6. sandstorm n.沙尘暴 词形变换:复数 sandstorms 搭配:a terrible sandstorm 一场可怕的沙尘暴;sandstorm weather 沙尘暴天气 例句:There used to be sandstorms all the time in that area.(那个地区过去总是有沙尘暴。) 7. bush n.灌木;灌木丛 词形变换:复数 bushes 搭配:plant bushes 种植灌木;hold the soil together 把土壤固定在一起 例句:Locals found a bush that had roots that could hold the soil together.(当地人发现了一种灌木,它的根能把土壤固定在一起。) 8. root n.根;根源 词形变换:复数 roots 搭配:the roots of the trees 树根;hold the soil together 固定土壤;the root of the problem 问题的根源 例句:The roots of bushes and trees hold the soil together.(灌木和树木的根把土壤固定在一起。) 9. soil n.土壤;土地 搭配:hold the soil together 固定土壤;sandy soil 沙质土壤;rich soil 肥沃的土壤 例句:The roots of the trees hold the soil together, and the environment has greatly improved.(树根把土壤固定在一起,环境也得到了极大的改善。) 10. environment n.环境;自然环境 词形变换:形容词形式 environmental(环境的) 搭配:protect the environment 保护环境;improve the environment 改善环境;environmental protection 环境保护 例句:The environment has greatly improved since they planted trees.(自从他们种树以来,环境已经大大改善了。) 11. freezing adj.极冷的;冰冻的 词形变换:动词形式 freeze(冻结;结冰);过去式 froze;过去分词 frozen(冷冻的) 搭配:below freezing 零度以下;freezing cold 极其寒冷;freezing point 冰点 例句:Temperatures were below freezing during the winter.(冬天的时候气温在零度以下。) 12. product n.产品;制品 词形变换:复数 products;动词形式 produce(生产;制造);名词形式 production(生产;产量) 搭配:local products 当地产品;digital product 数字产品;sell products online 在网上销售产品 例句:A digital product is something you sell online and doesn't have a physical form.(数字产品是你在网上销售的、没有实体形态的东西。) 13. corn n.玉米;谷物 搭配:corn fields 玉米田;grow corn 种玉米 例句:The corn fields are now covered with green plants.(玉米田现在覆盖着绿色的植物。) 14. wide adj.宽的;宽阔的;广泛的 词形变换:比较级 wider;最高级 widest;副词形式 widely(广泛地);反义词 narrow(窄的) 搭配:wide road 宽阔的道路;widely used 被广泛使用;wide open 大敞着 例句:The road used to be narrow and dirty. Now, it is wide and clean.(这条路过去又窄又脏。现在,它又宽又干净。) 15. sandy adj.沙的;多沙的 词形变换:名词形式 sand(沙子);比较级 sandier;最高级 sandiest 搭配:sandy soil 沙质土壤;sandy beach 沙滩 例句:The hills around our village were covered with sandy soil.(我们村庄周围的山丘上覆盖着沙质土壤。) 16. government n.政府 词形变换:复数 governments;动词形式 govern(统治;管理) 搭配:the government 政府;government support 政府支持;with support from the government 在政府的支持下 例句:With support from the government, Wang Shanghai led a group of 369 people.(在政府的支持下,王尚海带领了369人。) 17. result n./v.结果;导致 词形变换:复数 results;过去式/过去分词 resulted 搭配:as a result 结果;因此;as a result of 由于……的结果;the result of... ……的结果 例句:This is the result of hard work and people working together.(这是努力工作和人们团结协作的结果。) 18. digital adj.数字的;数码的 搭配:digital product 数字产品;digital books 电子书;e-payment 电子支付 例句:I also read some digital books on the computer.(我还在电脑上读了一些电子书。) 19. lorry n.卡车;(英式)运货汽车 词形变换:复数 lorries;美式英语 truck(卡车) 搭配:hundreds of lorries 数百辆卡车;by lorry 用卡车运输 例句:Food used to take hundreds of lorries to carry between the two cities.(过去运送两个城市之间的食物需要数百辆卡车。) 20. attract v.吸引 词形变换:三单 attracts;过去式/过去分词 attracted;现在分词 attracting;名词形式 attraction(吸引力;景点) 搭配:attract tourists 吸引游客;tourist attraction 旅游景点;attract one's attention 吸引某人的注意 例句:Our village has become a tourist attraction and many tourists come to visit.(我们村变成了旅游景点,很多游客来参观。) 二、核心词组(搭配+例句) 1. used to do 过去常常做(暗示现在已不再如此)(后接动词原形,注意与be used to doing区分) 例句:Many people used to work in big cities. (过去很多人在大城市工作。) 2. take place 发生;举行(无被动语态) 例句:Great changes have taken place in the town over the last few years. 在过去的几年里,镇上发生了巨大的变化。) 3. as a result 结果;因此(表示因果关系,常用于连接两个句子) 例句:As a result, people now have more fresh food to eat. (结果,人们现在有更多新鲜食物可吃。) 4. hold...together 把……固定在一起(常指树根固定土壤) 例句:The roots of bushes and trees hold the soil together. (灌木和树木的根把土壤固定在一起。) 5. tourist attraction 旅游景点;名胜(复合名词,attraction是attract的名词形式) 例句:Our village has become a tourist attraction.(我们村成了一个旅游景点。) 6. cut the travel time 缩短旅行时间(cut的过去式和过去分词都是cut) 例句:The new railway has already cut the travel time between the two cities to about four hours.(新铁路已经把两座城市之间的旅行时间缩短到大约4小时。) 7. be covered with 被……覆盖(注意介词用with,不用by) 例句:The hills are now covered with green trees and bushes.(山丘现在覆盖着绿树和灌木。) 8. come back 回来;回归 例句:More young people have come back to live and work here. (更多年轻人回来在这里生活和工作了。) 9. with support from 在……的支持下(介词with短语,注意from的搭配) 例句:With support from the government, they planted many trees and bushes. (在政府的支持下,他们种了许多树木和灌木。) 10. a great deal of 大量的;许多的(后接不可数名词,等同于a lot of/lots of) 例句:The fashion industry spends a great deal of money on advertising. (时尚行业花大量的钱做广告。) 三、核心语法:三种时态对比 (一)used to do(单元重点,必考易错点) 1. 定义 used to do 用来表示过去常常做某事或过去存在的状态,暗含"现在已经不再这样了"的意思。它就像是在告诉别人:"我以前是这样的,但现在已经变了。"这个结构是本单元最核心的语法点,因为它天然地和"变化"这个主题绑定在一起——说"过去怎样",潜台词就是"现在不一样了"。 2. 详细用法 (1)基本结构 ★ 主语 + used to + 动词原形 这个结构最关键的一点是:used to 后面跟的是动词原形,不是过去式,也不是-ing形式。你可以把它当成一个“半助动词”来看,它本身就带着“过去”的含义,所以后面的动词不需要再变过去式了。 例句1:We used to have to travel far to see a doctor.(我们过去不得不跑很远去看病。) 例句2:Many people used to work in big cities.(过去很多人在大城市工作。) 例句3:I used to grow a few vegetables on a small farm.(我过去在小农场种一点蔬菜。) (2)否定形式 ★ 主语 + did not use to + 动词原形 / 主语 + used not to + 动词原形 used to 的否定有两种形式:一种是借助did变成didn't use to(注意这里used变回了use,因为did已经承担了"过去"的功能);另一种是直接在used后面加not,变成used not to 或 usedn't to。两种都对,但考试中更常考didn't use to 这种形式。 例句1:He didn't use to like vegetables, but now he loves them. (他过去不喜欢蔬菜,但现在他很喜欢。) 例句2:There used not to be any shops here.(这里过去没有商店。) (3)疑问形式 ★ Did + 主语 + use to + 动词原形? / Used + 主语 + to + 动词原形? 和否定一样,疑问也有两种形式。用Did开头时,后面的use要还原成原形;用Used开头时,后面直接跟to do。记住这个规律:有did就还原,没did就不还原。 例句1:Did you use to walk to school?(你过去走路去上学吗?) 例句2:Used there to be a hospital here?(这里过去有医院吗?) (4)used to do vs be used to doing(必记) 这是考试最爱出的"陷阱题"!两个结构长得像,但意思完全不同: used to do = 过去常常做(现在不做了) be used to doing = 习惯于做(现在仍然在做) 区分的关键在于:有没有be动词。有be的话,就是"习惯于";没有be的话,就是"过去常常"。而且be used to后面跟的是doing,不是do!这点特别容易记混,建议你这样联想:"习惯"是一个持续的状态,所以用be+doing(正在进行感);"过去常常"是一个过去的事情,所以用used to+do(已经完成了的感觉)。 例句1:I used to get up early, but now I don't.(我过去常常早起,但现在不了。) 例句2:I am used to getting up early now.(我现在已经习惯早起了。) 3. 易错点总结(必记) 易错点1:否定形式中,借助did后used要还原为use。 ❌ I didn't used to like coffee. → ✅ I didn't use to like coffee. 易错点2:be used to后面跟doing,不是do。 ❌ He is used to get up early. → ✅ He is used to getting up early. 易错点3:疑问句中,借助Did后used还原为use。 ❌ Did you used to live here? → ✅ Did you use to live here? (二)现在完成时(单元重点) 1. 定义 现在完成时表示过去发生的动作对现在造成了影响,或者从过去一直持续到现在的动作或状态。你可以把它理解为"过去的动作+现在的影响"——它不是单纯在讲过去的事,而是站在"现在"这个时间点往回看:某件事已经发生了,而这个发生对"现在"有意义。本单元讲"变化",正好需要这个时态——"已经建了新医院""已经修了新公路",都是在说变化的结果。 2. 详细用法 (1)基本结构 ★ 主语 + have/has + 过去分词 现在完成时的核心是have/has加上动词的过去分词。规则动词的过去分词和过去式一样(加-ed),但不规则动词的过去分词需要单独记忆,这是本单元的重点难点。第三人称单数主语用has,其他人称用have。 例句1:Our village has just built a new hospital.(我们村刚建了一座新医院。) 例句2:Great changes have taken place.(发生了巨大的变化。) 例句3:They haven't seen each other for ages!(他们已经好久没见面了!) (2)常见时间标志词(必记) 现在完成时常和以下时间状语搭配,看到这些词就要条件反射想到现在完成时: already(已经)、yet(还;已经)、just(刚刚)、ever(曾经)、never(从不)、for + 时间段(长达……)、since + 时间点/从句(自从……)、over the last/past + 时间段(在过去的……里)、in the last/past + 时间段(在过去的……里) 特别提醒:over the last ten years 这类表达,虽然看起来像是"过去",但其实强调的是"从过去持续到现在"的变化过程,所以用现在完成时。 (3)have been to vs have gone to(易错点) ★ have been to + 地点 = 曾经去过某地(已回来) ★ have gone to + 地点 = 已经去了某地(还没回来) 这个区别很简单:been是"去过",人已经回来了;gone是"去了",人还在那边没回来。用生活场景来记:你问同学"你去过北京吗?",用的是been,因为他现在在你面前,说明已经回来了;如果你找某人找不到,别人说"他去北京了",用的是gone,因为他还没回来。 例句1:I have been to Beijing twice.(我去过北京两次。) 例句2:He has gone to Beijing. He'll be back next week.(他去北京了,下周回来。) (4)for vs since(必记) ★ for + 时间段(for three years / for a long time) ★ since + 时间点 / 过去时的从句(since 2020 / since he left) for后面跟的是"一段时间",回答的是"多久"的问题;since后面跟的是"一个时间点"或"一个过去的动作",回答的是"从什么时候开始"的问题。考试中最常见的错误就是把for和since搞混。记住:for接时间段,since接时间点。 例句1:They haven't seen each other for ages.(他们已经很久没见面了。) 例句2:I have lived here since 2015.(我从2015年起就住在这里了。) 3. 易错点总结(必记) 易错点1:现在完成时不能和表示过去具体时间的状语(yesterday, last week, in 2020等)连用。有明确过去时间点时,用一般过去时。 ❌ I have seen him yesterday. → ✅ I saw him yesterday. 易错点2:表示"去过某地几次"用have been to,不用have gone to。gone表示人还没回来,不可能"去了两次"还没回来。 ❌ He has gone to Beijing twice. → ✅ He has been to Beijing twice. 易错点3:buy是短暂性动词,不能和for+时间段连用。需要换成延续性动词had(have的过去分词),表示"拥有"这个持续状态。 ❌ I have bought this book for two years. → ✅ I have had this book for two years. (三)一般过去时(单元重点,常与现在完成时对比考查) 1. 定义 一般过去时表示过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态,强调的是"这件事在过去某个时间点发生了",和现在没有直接联系。你可以把它理解为"讲述历史"——只是客观陈述过去的事情,不涉及对现在的影响。 2. 详细用法 (1)基本结构 ★ 主语 + 动词过去式 一般过去时的核心就是动词过去式。规则动词加-ed,不规则动词需要单独记忆。本单元课文出现了became、opened、were等不规则形式,要特别注意。 例句1:He became a good friend about 20 years ago.(大约20年前他成了好朋友。) 例句2:It opened last Friday.(它上周五开放的。) 例句3:The old trains were very slow.(旧火车非常慢。) (2)常见时间标志词 yesterday、last week/month/year、...ago、in 2020、just now、the other day、in the past 等。看到这些明确的过去时间,就要想到用一般过去时。 3. 与现在完成时的核心区别 这是本单元最重要的辨析点。 简单来说:一般过去时是"关门讲故事"——只管过去的事;现在完成时是"开着门看影响"——过去的事和现在有关系。判断用哪个时态,看两个关键: 第一,看时间状语。有明确的过去时间(yesterday, last year, in 2017),用一般过去时;有already/just/yet/for/since/over the last...,用现在完成时。 第二,看语境强调什么。如果只是陈述"当时发生了什么",用一般过去时;如果强调"这件事对现在有影响"或"变化已经发生",用现在完成时。 对比:The railway opened in 2017.(只陈述2017年的事实,用一般过去时)    The railway has already cut the travel time.(强调变化的结果,用现在完成时) 4. 易错点总结(必记) 易错点1:last year是明确的过去时间,不能用现在完成时,要用一般过去时。 ❌ I have visited the Great Wall last year. → ✅ I visited the Great Wall last year. 易错点2:如果问的是"你看了没有"(对现在有影响),应该用现在完成时提问。用Did问则只是问过去的行为。 ❌ Did you see my new library? — Yes, I have seen it. → ✅ Have you seen my new library? — Yes, I have seen it. 语法练习题 A. 单项选择 1. — ____ you ____ to school by bike? — Yes, but now I take the bus. A. Did; use B. Did; used C. Do; use D. Were; used 答案:A 考查used to的疑问形式。借助Did后,used还原为use,故选A。 2. Great changes ____ in our city over the last ten years. A. have taken place B. took place C. have been taken place D. were taken place 答案:A over the last ten years是现在完成时标志词,take place无被动语态,故选A。 3. The new library ____ last Friday. I ____ there twice. A. opened; have been B. has opened; went C. opened; have gone D. has opened; have been 答案:A last Friday是过去时间,用一般过去时opened;twice表示去过两次,用have been to,故选A。 4. He is used to ____ early and taking a walk in the park. A. getting up B. get up C. got up D. gets up 答案:A be used to doing表示"习惯于做某事",to是介词,后接doing,故选A。 5. I ____ this book for two weeks. I ____ it in a bookstore. A. have had; bought B. have bought; bought C. had; have bought D. bought; have bought 答案:A for two weeks表示持续状态,需用延续性动词have had;in a bookstore是过去时间,用bought,故选A。 6. — Where is your brother? — He ____ the supermarket. A. has gone to B. has been to C. went to D. goes to 答案:A "他在哪"说明人还没回来,用has gone to表示"去了还没回来",故选A。 7. There ____ no shops here in the past. Now there ____ a big shopping street. A. used to be; is B. used to be; has C. were; has been D. are; is 答案:A in the past用used to be表示"过去有";现在的事实用一般现在时is,故选A。 8. I haven't seen her ____ she moved to Shanghai. A. since B. for C. before D. after 答案:A since后接过去时的从句,表示"自从……以来",for接时间段,故选A。 B. 用所给单词的适当形式填空 1. My hometown _______________ (change) a lot in the last five years. 答案:has changed in the last five years是现在完成时标志,主语是单数,用has changed。 2. We _______________ (use to) ride bikes to school, but now we take the bus. 答案:used to 表示"过去常常",用used to do结构。 3. The new school _______________ (open) last September. 答案:opened last September是明确过去时间,用一般过去时opened。 4. I _______________ never _______________ (travel) abroad, but I want to go next year. 答案:have; travelled/traveled never常与现在完成时搭配,表示"从未"的经历,用have never travelled。 5. The roots of trees _______________ (hold) the soil together and the environment has improved. 答案:hold and连接前后时态一致,后半句has improved是现在完成时,前半句描述客观事实用一般现在时hold。 6. They _______________ (just finish) building the new railway. 答案:have just finished just常与现在完成时搭配,表示"刚刚完成",用have just finished。 7. He _______________ (be) a teacher since he _______________ (graduate) from college. 答案:has been; graduated since引导的从句用一般过去时,主句用现在完成时,表示从过去持续到现在。 8. My grandma _______________ (live) in this village for over 50 years. She _______________ (come) here when she was young. 答案:has lived; came for over 50 years用现在完成时has lived;when she was young是过去时间,用came。 C. 句型转换 1. People used to travel by horse.(改为否定句) 答案:People didn't use to travel by horse. / People used not to travel by horse. used to的否定借助did变为didn't use to,或直接在used后加not。 2. The village has built a new hospital.(改为一般疑问句并作肯定回答) 答案:Has the village built a new hospital? — Yes, it has. 现在完成时疑问句把have/has提前,肯定回答用Yes, ... have/has。 3. I have lived here since 2020.(对划线部分since 2020提问) 答案:How long have you lived here? 对时间段提问用How long,since 2020表示"从2020年至今",即问"多长时间"。 4. He has gone to Beijing. He will come back next week.(用合并为一句) 答案:He has gone to Beijing and will come back next week. 两个简单句用and连接,has gone to表示"去了还没回来"。 5. They planted trees last year. The environment has improved.(用since合并句子) 答案:The environment has improved since they planted trees last year. since引导过去时的从句,主句用现在完成时,表示"自从……以来"。 四、单元书面表达总结(写作指导+高分素材+范文+模板) (一)写作框架梳理(4段式) 本单元的写作主题是"变化"——Changes in My Hometown 或 Changes in My Life。这类文章的核心逻辑就是"过去怎样→现在怎样→我的感受",用对比的方式展现变化。建议采用4段式结构: 第一段(开头,1-2句):总起引入——点明"发生了很大变化"这个主题。 核心句式:Great changes have taken place in... over the last... years.      My life/hometown has changed a lot since... 第二段(中间1,3-5句):过去的情况——用used to和一般过去时描述"过去怎样",具体描写2-3个方面的变化。 核心句式:In the past, ... used to...      It used to take... to... 第三段(中间2,3-5句):现在的情况——用现在完成时和一般现在时描述"现在怎样",突出变化的成果。 核心句式:Now,... has/have...      As a result,... 第四段(结尾,1-2句):总结升华——点明"不变的东西",用情感升华主题。 核心句式:..., but one thing stays the same:...      Although... has changed,... remains unchanged. (二)高分词汇/词组积累 高分词汇替换 基础词 高分替换词 含义 写作例句 change transform / improve 转变/改善 The town has been transformed into a modern city.这座小镇已蜕变为一座现代化城市。 many a great deal of / a large number of 大量的 A great deal of money has been spent on the project.这个项目已经投入了大量资金。 good remarkable / significant 显著的 Significant changes have taken place in the last decade.过去十年间发生了巨大变化。 old outdated / traditional 过时的/传统的 The old transport system was outdated and slow.老旧的交通体系落后且运行缓慢。 big enormous / tremendous 巨大的 The town has made tremendous progress. 这座小镇取得了巨大的发展。 important crucial / vital 关键的/至关重要的 The new highway is crucial for local development.这条新建高速公路对当地发展至关重要。 高分词组 ① great changes have taken place 发生了巨大变化 ② used to do 过去常常做(暗示现在不同) ③ as a result 结果;因此 ④ be covered with 被……覆盖 ⑤ with the development of 随着……的发展 ⑥ over the last/past...years 在过去的……年里 ⑦ have a great influence on 对……有很大影响 ⑧ make progress 取得进步 ⑨ compared with 与……相比 ⑩ one thing stays the same 有一件事始终不变 (三)参考范文 Changes in My Hometown Great changes have taken place in my hometown over the last ten years. In the past, the roads were narrow and rough. It used to take us over two hours to travel to the city centre by bus. The hills around our village were covered with sandy soil. Many people used to work in big cities far away from home. However, now great changes have taken place. A new highway has been built, and the travel time has been cut to just half an hour. The hills are now covered with green trees and bushes. The roots of the trees hold the soil together, and the environment has greatly improved. Many tourists now come to visit our beautiful village. As a result, local farmers have become rich and many have started their own businesses. My life has changed in many ways, but one thing stays the same: the feeling of love and happiness shared by my family. (四)写作模板(万能模板) Changes in My _______________ Great changes have taken place in _______________ (表明变化发生的地点/方面) over the last _______________ (时间段). In the past, _______________ (描述过去的情况). It used to _______________ (用used to描述过去习惯或状态). People used to _______________ (具体描述过去的困难或不足). However, now _______________ (描述现在的变化). _______________ has/have been built/improved (用现在完成时强调变化成果). As a result, _______________ (变化带来的结果或好处). many things have changed, one thing stays the same: _______________ (点明不变的东西,升华主题). 1 / 16 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 $

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人教版新版九年级上册英语 Unit 1 The Changing World 知识清单背诵版+默写版
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人教版新版九年级上册英语 Unit 1 The Changing World 知识清单背诵版+默写版
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人教版新版九年级上册英语 Unit 1 The Changing World 知识清单背诵版+默写版
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