衔接点04 冠词（讲义，上海专用）英语小升初衔接

衔接点04 冠词（小初考点差异及衔接） 小学视角 初中展望 1. 粗略区分：元音字母用 an，辅音字母用 a； 2. 仅掌握 the 表 “上文提到、独一无二天体”； 3. 简单单词填空，无特殊发音词汇； 4. 不知道球类、乐器、三餐冠词规则； 5. 无短语有无冠词词义区分考点。 1. a/an 看音标音素，不看首字母，掌握 hour、university 等特例； 2. the 完整 11 类用法：序数词、最高级、江河山脉、乐器、姓氏一家人、双方共知事物等； 3. 系统零冠词规则：运动、三餐、季节月份星期、学科语言、交通工具、地名人名； 4. 核心难点：同短语有无 the 含义完全不同，完形必考； 5. 细分特殊场景：三餐带形容词加 a/an；三餐特指加 the； 6. 综合题型：短文填空、单句改错、句型转换、书面表达冠词规范。 衔接引导 小学阶段： 学习浅层表层规则，只看单词首字母，无发音逻辑；只考基础泛指、特指简单句，不存在易混淆成对短语，知识点零散，靠背简单例句即可得分。 初中阶段： 冠词是语法拉分、改错高频失分模块，难点多层叠加： 1.判定逻辑升级：a/an 不再看字母，需要拼读开头音标； 2.场景区分精细化：乐器 / 球类 / 棋牌 / 三餐规则极易混淆； 3.语境辨析难点：in hospital /in the hospital 这类短语必须结合句意判断冠词； 4.大量例外补充：季节前加 the 表特指、三餐有修饰词加不定冠词； 考察形式综合：不再是单一选词，短文挖空需要结合上下文判断泛指 / 特指。 小学考点梳理 英语冠词分三类：不定冠词 a /an；定冠词 the；零冠词 考点一 不定冠词 a /an 区分逻辑 1.a + 单词开头为辅音字母发音 a book, a cat, a desk, a pen 2.an + 单词开头为元音字母（a/e/i/o/u）发音 an apple, an egg, an orange, an umbrella 基础用法 1.第一次介绍人或事物，表泛指一个 I have a dog. The dog is black. （第一次出现 dog 用 a；再次指代同一只，特指用 the） 2.代表一类人 / 事物，说明整体共性 A bird can fly. 鸟类都会飞。 考点二 定冠词 the 两大用法 1.前文已经出现过的人或物品，再次提到用 the I see a bird. The bird is small. 2.世界上独一无二的事物前固定加 the the sun 太阳，the moon 月亮，the earth 地球 点三 ×××× 典例示范 1．________ old man comes to the village. A．A B．An C．/ 2．They look at ________ projects on the board. A．a B．the C．an D．that 3．— Does Linda like the black bag ________ the green bag? — She likes ________ black one. A．or, the B．and, the C．or, ／ 4．My father is on a trip. I write ________ e-mail to him every night. A．the B．an C．a D．/ 即学即练习 1．I have _____ orange dress. A．a B．an C．/ 2．I have ________ idea now.      A．a B．an C．the 3．There is _____ underground station near my home. A．a B．an C．the 易混易错 1．My uncle can fly ________ aeroplane. He is _________ pilot. A．a; an B．an; a C．a; / 2．I have ______ one-yuan note. Where is ______ note? I can't find it. A．an; the B．a; the C．a; a 3．Kitty can play _____ football. She can also play _____ drum. A．the; the B．/; the C．/; the 解题方略 a/an 只能搭配单数可数名词；复数、不可数名词不能直接加 a/an； sun、moon 永远搭配 the，不可省略。 【基础通关】 一、单项选择 1．The children have ________ lunch break at noon. A．/ B．a C．an 2．—Are you in ________ same school? —Yes. But we are in ________ different classes. A．the; / B．/; / C．the; the 3．Peter has _______ orange and black T-shirt. A．a B．an C．some 4．—There are many toys in Grandma Wang’s box. Which one do you like? —I like ______ toys. A．all the B．both C．all 5．Can I have ______ bottle of milk, please? A．any B．some C．a 6．These dresses both look great on me. But I like _______. A．the pink dresses B．pink one C．the pink one 7．May I have ________ biscuit, Mum? A．some B．any C．a 8．There is ______ underground station on Green Street. A．a B．the C．an 9．There is _____ adult ticket for today's show. A．a B．an C．the 10．It’s ________ orange party. (     ) A．a B．an C．the 二、完形填空 Choose the best answer and complete the passage. 选择最恰当的单词完成短文。 Nowadays more and more people in the world are 11 fatter, which troubles them a lot. 12 say that it has a lot to do with our 13 habit. Our eating habits are very 14 for good health and a strong body. Most of us like 15 sweets and ice cream. But if we eat them before a meal, they may take away our appetite.(食欲) It is important for us to eat our meal at the same time each day. When we feel worried or excited, we may not want to eat. 11．A．get B．getting C．got 12．A．Doctors B．We C．Mum 13．A．eating B．sports C．healthy 14．A．happy B．important C．yummy 15．A．eat B．eating C．eats Hot pot is 16 Chinese people’s favourite and Liu Yang is one of them. Three days ago, Liu Yang arrived in England. There he had three days of hamburgers, sandwiches and potatoes. Yesterday he was 17 when he heard that there was going to be a meal of hotpot to welcome the new students. He went into the room and sat next to an American girl. To his 18 , he saw potatoes and bread in front of him. “ 19 I have the hot pot?” he asked. The American girl laughed and told him that “hotpot is NOT “hot pot”, China has “hot pot” in two words but English “hotpot” is written in one word. Hotpot is made from meat, potatoes and onions. People put it in the oven all day in a heavy pot and on a low heat. It is easy to cook. And it 20 good. But Liu Yang still misses hot pot, two words! 16．A．many B．much C．a lot 17．A．exciting B．super-excited C．excitement 18．A．surprise B．surprising C．surprised 19．A．Should B．May C．Will 20．A．tasted B．taste C．tastes 【培优提升】 一、单项选择 1．I want to be ________ pilot. I want to fly ________ aeroplane. A．/; a B．an; a C．a; an 2．Here is _______ uniform for you. A．an B．a C．/ 3．My uncle can fly ___________ aeroplane. He is ___________ pilot. A．a; / B．a; an C．an; a 4．Eddie can play ______________ football, but he can’t play ______________ piano. A．the; the B．/; the C．/; / 5．Linda has ________ apple in her hand. A．a B．an C．/ 6．I have ________ idea. A．a B．/ C．an 7．Today is _________ eighth of September. A．a B．the C．/ 8．Does your sister like to play _________ football? A．a B．an C．/ 9．Her sister likes to play ____________ piano but my brother likes to play ____________ basketball. A．the; the B．the; / C．/; / 10．_______ Yangtze River is very, very long. A．/ B．The C．A 二、完形填空 Choose the best answer and complete the passage. 选择最恰当的单词完成短文。 Last Sunday, my class had a “Sports & Animal Care” activity. Let me tell you about it! In the morning, we started with warm-up exercises. Then we did sports like basketball. Li Ming is 11 running, so he took part in the 800-metre race. When he ran past us, we shouted “Go for it!” loudly. After the sports games, we visited a small farm to help look after animals. First, we learned to 12 goats and cows. A farmer taught us: “You must clean the pigsty carefully because pigs 13 clean places.” Then, we went to watch some lovely birds. Some of us were 14 by the clever parrots—they could remember their keepers’ faces! The owner also told us: “Be careful! Don’t let the chickens fly up and peck you.” We wanted to ride the horses, but the farmer said: “It’s not 15 for kids to ride alone.” So we just watched them. At the end of the day, we felt tired but happy. 11．A．good at B．proud of C．join in D．poor at 12．A．feed B．collect C．care D．ride 13．A．hold B．dislike C．prefer D．control 14．A．active B．amazed C．surprising D．pleased 15．A．safely B．friendly C．popular D．safe Tim and Tom 16 twins (双胞胎). They are in the same class. Tim works harder and studies better than Tom. One day, the 17 asks the students to write a composition (作文) about their mothers. Tim 18 it and is ready to hand it in when Tom says, “Wait a minute, Tim. Let 19 have a look.” Tom reads it and then copies it. The next day the teacher asks Tom. “Why is your composition the same as Tim’s, Tom?” “Because we have the same 20 ,” answers Tom. 16．A．is B．are C．am 17．A．brother B．Tom C．teacher 18．A．reads B．looks C．writes 19．A．me B．I C．we 20．A．mother B．friend C．book 初中考点梳理 考点一 考点一 a /an 判定 规则总口诀：元音音素开头用 an，辅音音素开头用 a，和字母无关 类别 1：元音字母开头，辅音音素，用 a 单词以 u 开头，音标首音 /j/（辅音） 1.university /ˌjuːnɪˈvɜːsəti/ → a university 一所大学 2.useful /ˈjuːsfl/ → a useful book 一本有用的书 3.unit /ˈjuːnɪt/ → a unit 一个单元 类别 2：辅音字母开头，元音音素，用 an 单词 h 不发音，开头音标为元音 1.hour /ˈaʊə(r)/ → an hour 一小时 2.honest /ˈɒnɪst/ → an honest boy 一个诚实的男孩 3.honest student → an honest student 补充拓展特例 an 8-year-old girl（数字 8 读音 /eɪ/ 元音开头） a one-year-old boy（one 音标 /w/ 辅音开头） a/an 进阶用法 1.初次提及单数可数名词 2.表示类别，泛指一类 A dog likes meat. 狗喜欢吃肉。 3.表“每一”，等同于 every We have meals three times a day. 我们一天吃三顿饭。 4.用于固定搭配短语 have a cold 感冒；have a rest 休息；take a walk 散步；a lot of 许多 考点二 定冠词 the 1.上文提到过的人、物，再次特指 I bought a ruler. The ruler is blue. 2.双方都心知肚明的人 / 物品 Close the window. 把窗户关上（对话双方都知道哪扇窗） 3.世界上独一无二的天体、专有事物 the sun, the moon, the Great Wall 长城 4.序数词前面必须加 the the first lesson 第一课；the third day 第三天 补充：序数词前有形容词性物主代词 my/his/her，不加 the my first friend（√）；the my first friend（×） 5.形容词最高级前固定加 the the tallest student 最高的学生；the most interesting story 补充：最高级前有物主代词，省略 the his best friend（√） 6.西洋乐器名称前必须加 the play the piano 弹钢琴；play the violin 拉小提琴；play the guitar 7.江河、湖泊、海洋、山脉、群岛前加 the the Yellow River 黄河；the West Lake 西湖；the Himalayas 喜马拉雅山脉 8.姓氏复数前加 the，表示“一家人 / 夫妇二人” the Greens 格林一家；the Smiths 史密斯夫妇 9.单数可数名词前加 the，代表整个类别 The computer changes our life. 电脑改变了我们的生活。 10.方位名词前加 the in the east 在东方；on the left 在左边 11.特指某一年份、某一段时期 in the 2020s 在 21 世纪 20 年代 考点三 零冠词（不加 a/an/the） 场景 1：球类、棋牌、体育运动前不加 the play football 踢足球；play basketball；play chess 下棋 ⚠️区分：乐器必须加 the，运动不加 the（完形高频对比） play the drum（乐器√） play volleyball（球类√） 场景 2：一日三餐（breakfast/lunch/dinner）前不加冠词 have breakfast / have lunch / have dinner 两个例外 ① 三餐前有形容词修饰，表 “一顿…… 的餐”，加不定冠词 a/an have a big lunch 吃一顿丰盛的午餐 have a quick breakfast 快速吃早饭 ② 特指某一顿双方都知道的饭，加定冠词 the The lunch we had yesterday was delicious. 昨天那顿午饭很好吃。 场景 3：季节、月份、星期前不加冠词 in spring 在春天；in July；on Sunday 例外：特指某一年的某个季节，加 the in the spring of 2026 在 2026 年春天 场景 4：学科、语言名称前不加 the study English；learn math；speak Chinese 例外：语言后加 language，要加 the the English language 英语这门语言 场景 5：人名、单个城市、单个国家名前不加 the Tom、Shanghai、China、Japan 例外：由普通名词构成的国家、群岛、联邦国家必须加 the the USA 美国；the UK 英国；the United Nations 联合国 场景 6：by + 交通工具，零冠词 by bus 坐公交；by bike 骑车；by plane 坐飞机 ❌ 错误：by the bus /by a bike 替换表达 take a bus（动词 take 后要加 a） 场景 7：复数名词泛指一类事物，不加冠词 I like apples.（泛指所有苹果） Cats like fish. 场景 8：节日、节假日细分 1.Day 结尾节日，不加 the：Children’s Day、New Year’s Day 2.Festival 结尾传统节日，加 the：the Spring Festival、the Mid-Autumn Festival 考点四 同短语有无 the 一、校园学习类 go to school / go to the school go to school：去上学（求学、读书，表功能） Children go to school at 7 every morning. go to the school：去学校（到教学楼办事、找人、参观，不是上学） I went to the school to pick up my brother yesterday. in class / in the class in class：在上课 Don’t talk loudly in class. in the class：在教室这个班级里（单纯空间） There are forty students in the class. after class / after the class after class：下课之后（泛指日常） We play sports after class. after the class：这节课结束后（特指某一节课） Please come to my office after the class. 二、城镇、教堂类 in church / in the church in church：做礼拜（宗教活动） They are in church every Sunday. in the church：在教堂建筑内（参观、路过） We took photos in the church last trip. go to town / go to the town go to town：进城办事（固定抽象用法） My dad goes to town once a week. go to the town：去到那个小镇（特指某一座小镇） We drove to the town near our village. 三、餐桌、用餐类 at table / at the table at table：在吃饭、用餐 Don’t call me; I’m at table. at the table：坐在桌子旁（不一定吃饭，看书、写字） He sits at the table and reads a book. 四、监狱类 in prison / in the prison in prison：坐牢、服刑（犯人） The bad man is in prison now. in the prison：在监狱里面（狱警、探监人员） His mother works in the prison. 五、战场、军队 at war / at the war at war：处于战争状态 The two countries were at war years ago. at the war：在这场战争现场（特指某场战役） Many soldiers died at the war. in army / in the army in army：服役当兵 My uncle is in army. in the army：在这支军队里（特指某支部队） 六、病床类 in bed / in the bed in bed：卧床休息、卧病在床 Stay in bed if you have a cold. in the bed：躺在那张床上（单纯位置，不一定生病休息） My cat is sleeping in the bed. 七、海洋拓展 on sea / on the sea on sea：出海航行（船员） on the sea：在海边、海面（游玩） There are many boats on the sea. 八、商店、市场 in market / in the market in market：赶集、做买卖 in the market：在这个市场建筑物内 统一记忆口诀 不加 the：侧重场所功能、活动用途（上学、住院、坐牢、吃饭、礼拜） 加 the：侧重实体建筑、具体地点、特指某一处，只表示人在场地内，不从事对应活动 典例示范 1．Mary’s brother is good at playing ________ violin but is poor at playing ________ basketball. A．a, an B．the, a C．the, / D．/, a 2．Mr. Smith is writing a notice to all new students. _________ notice is about their uniforms. A．A B．An C．The D．/ 3．Jim took _________ one-hour ride around the lake yesterday. What _________ great fun he had! A．an, a B．an, / C．a, a D．a, / 4．Would you like to take ________ look at the new poster on the wall? A．a B．an C．the D．/ 5．Simon has ________ unhealthy diet. He’s too fat. A．a B．an C．the D．/ 即学即练习 1．Lily would like to watch ________ Olympic Games on TV. A．a B．an C．the D．/ 2．I often play ________ chess and sometimes I play ________ guitar. A．the; the B．the; / C．/; / D．/; the 3．—What’s ________ matter with you? —I fell down while playing ________ baseball just now. A．the; / B．the; the C．/; / D．a; a 4．John usually plays ______ tennis three times a week. A．/ B．a C．an 5．Look! My cousin is playing ______ guitar. He is good at it. A．/ B．a C．an D．the 易混易错 1.a/an 只看音标不看字母，hour、university 极易混淆； 2.乐器加 the，球类、棋牌不加 the，经常写反； 3.by + 交通工具中间多加 a/the，属于高频改错错误； 4.三餐规则记不全：无修饰不加冠词，有形容词加 a，特指某一餐加 the； 5.序数词、最高级前漏写 the；若前面有 my/his 等物主代词，不能再加 the； 6.节日区分：Day 结尾零冠词，Festival 前面加 the； 7.分不清 in front of /in the front of 空间内外； 8.复数名词泛指事物，错误搭配 a/an。 解题方略 1.第一步：判断名词 •单数可数名词初次泛指 → a/an； •复数 / 不可数名词泛指，无修饰 → 零冠词； •上文提过、双方共知、独一无二事物 → the。 2.第二步：a/an 区分 拼读单词开头音标，元音音素 an，辅音音素 a。 3.第三步：固定场景快速判断 乐器、序数词、最高级、江河山脉、姓氏一家人 → 必加 the； 球类、三餐（无修饰）、季节月份星期、by 交通工具、学科 → 零冠词； 三餐带形容词 → a/an。 第四步：短语辨析 遇到 hospital/school/sea/front of，结合句意区分是否需要加 the。 【基础通关】 一、单项选择 1．You are ________ member of the reading club. A．a B．an C．the D．/ 2．I don’t think this is _________ useful information about weather. A．/ B．a C．an D．the 3．Let’s build _________ green neighbourhood together. A．/ B．the C．an D．a 4．Can I go out to play ________ basketball with Peter now? A．the B．a C．an D．/ 5．________ enjoyable trip we had last week! We really had fun. A．What a B．What an C．What D．How 6．Dad gets up early and makes ________ breakfast for us. A．a B．an C．the D．/ 7．In our class, some of the students enjoy reading books, while others like playing ________ piano. A．a B．the C．/ 8．I have ________ aunt. She lives in ________ U.K. A．a, the B．an, the C．the, / D．an, / 9．Shall we play ________ basketball first and then play ________ violin? A．/; / B．/; the C．the; the D．the; / 10．Ben becomes very strong now because he has ________ diet these days. A．healthy B．a healthy C．unhealthy D．an unhealthy 二、阅读理解 以下对五个学生的描述以及他们需要遵守的规则。请把相关信息进行匹配。 11 Karen is a middle school student. Her home is very far from school. She has lunch at the school’s dining hall. 12 Jimmy is on duty (值日) today. He has to clean the classroom and the blackboard. 13 The Browns are going to a park this weekend. They will go there in their car. 14 Ben’s son likes animals very much, so Ben will take him to Zhuhai Chimelong Ocean Kingdom (长隆海洋动物王国) this Friday. 15 Robert has a fever (发烧) today. His mother has to take him to the hospital. A．Don’t walk near the animals. Don’t touch them or take photos of them. Don’t give food to them. B．Be quiet and never talk loudly in the hospital. Don’t smoke. Don’t ask people why they’re in the hospital. C． Stop your car when the lights are red. When you cross the road, make sure there are no cars coming. D．First, clean the blackboard after each class. Second, keep chairs and desks tidy. Third, clean the floor. E. Wait in line to buy the food in the dining hall. Don’t waste food. We must have lunch at the same place. 三、完形填空 Modern (现代的) life is not always comfortable. We are very 16 every day. We are anxious (急于) to go to school, and parents are anxious to go to work in the morning. So many of us skip breakfast to save 17 before going to school or work. This is not a 18 habit. Breakfast is very important. It gives us energy to start the day. Scientists say that breakfast can help people think well and that having a good breakfast is very good for their health. 19 , it is good to have four or five small meals every day, not one or two big meals. What’s more, you should eat lots of vegetables and fruit, like carrots, pears, watermelons, strawberries and so on. We must have the right kinds of food. We should also eat pork, chicken and beef. Sports, like walking, can also 20 us to keep fit. More and more people are doing sports after work. Remember, keeping good habits can make us feel good. 16．A．hungry B．busy C．cool D．interested 17．A．water B．life C．time D．money 18．A．healthy B．easy C．different D．magic 19．A．First B．However C．For example D．Also 20．A．teach B．let C．help D．ask 【培优提升】 一、单项选择 1．We have ________ ICT lesson ________ the afternoon. A．a, / B．an, / C．a, in D．an, in 2．He has _________ aunt from America. A．a B．an C．the D．/ 3．I have ________ ICT class in the morning. A．a B．an C．the D．/ 4．There is ________ exhibition hall in the center of Shanghai. A．a B．/ C．the D．an 5．John is an astronaut. He must wear ________ uniform at work. A．/ B．an C．a D．the 6．I have ________ ICT lesson every Mondays. A．a B．an C．the D．/ 7．In China, most middle school students have ________ lunch at school. A．the B．/ C．a D．an 8．The student found ________ interesting book in the school library and took it home. A．a B．an C．the D．/ 9．We will have ________ trip in the winter holiday. A．an eight-day B．a eight-day C．a eight-days D．an eight-days 10．Now we have ________ ICT lesson ________ every Friday. A．/; on B．an; / C．a; / D．an; on 二、阅读理解 配对阅读　下面左栏是五个地方的天气情况，右栏是七项活动的介绍。请将左右栏匹配。 11 What a sunny day! It is very hot. Everyone wants to go somewhere cool. 12 It’s Sunday today and it is cool and a little windy. 13 It is raining now. The rain is so good and in time after many hot days. 14 A heavy snow is coming down.It’s white everywhere.It’s cold outside. 15 Spring is here. What a comfortable day! It is neither hot nor cold. It is good for an activity outside the school. A．People are planting trees in the rain. They are all wet, but they are happy. Because they don’t need to water the trees and the trees can grow fast. B．Lily is ill. Her mother is driving her to the hospital. C． Peter doesn’t go to school on Sunday. He is flying a kite in the park with his friend Frank. D．Birds are singing happily in the trees. Everything begins to grow and turn green. The students are going on a school trip in the mountains. E. This is the happiest time for children. Look! They are playing with snow. They are building snowmen. F. The children can’t stand the hot weather and they are having great fun in the pool. They feel much cooler now. G. Mr Green and Mrs Green are fishing. Look! There is a big fish in Mr Green’s hand. How happy they are! 二、完形填空 If you go to a new school, how to make friends? Let’s read the following passage. Smile and laugh. It really 16 . Make eye contact (接触) with others, smile at them when they look at you and laugh when they say 17 funny. This makes you seem friendly and kind. 18 others to do things with you. Ask some people to have lunch , or ask someone to take a walk with you. When you find a few people you like, ask them to play ball games after school. Remember people’s names. Try your best to remember their names and hobbies. Don’t be 19 to ask people more than once what their names are. When people are talking to you , listen! If you 20 these, you will have more good friends. 16．A．plans B．works C．moves D．helps 17．A．nothing B．everything C．anything D．something 18．A．Invite B．Find C．Teach D．Show 19．A．surprised B．excited C．afraid D．angry 20．A．need B．choose C．follow D．discuss 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 衔接点04 冠词（小初考点差异及衔接） 小学视角 初中展望 1. 粗略区分：元音字母用 an，辅音字母用 a； 2. 仅掌握 the 表 “上文提到、独一无二天体”； 3. 简单单词填空，无特殊发音词汇； 4. 不知道球类、乐器、三餐冠词规则； 5. 无短语有无冠词词义区分考点。 1. a/an 看音标音素，不看首字母，掌握 hour、university 等特例； 2. the 完整 11 类用法：序数词、最高级、江河山脉、乐器、姓氏一家人、双方共知事物等； 3. 系统零冠词规则：运动、三餐、季节月份星期、学科语言、交通工具、地名人名； 4. 核心难点：同短语有无 the 含义完全不同，完形必考； 5. 细分特殊场景：三餐带形容词加 a/an；三餐特指加 the； 6. 综合题型：短文填空、单句改错、句型转换、书面表达冠词规范。 衔接引导 小学阶段： 学习浅层表层规则，只看单词首字母，无发音逻辑；只考基础泛指、特指简单句，不存在易混淆成对短语，知识点零散，靠背简单例句即可得分。 初中阶段： 冠词是语法拉分、改错高频失分模块，难点多层叠加： 1.判定逻辑升级：a/an 不再看字母，需要拼读开头音标； 2.场景区分精细化：乐器 / 球类 / 棋牌 / 三餐规则极易混淆； 3.语境辨析难点：in hospital /in the hospital 这类短语必须结合句意判断冠词； 4.大量例外补充：季节前加 the 表特指、三餐有修饰词加不定冠词； 考察形式综合：不再是单一选词，短文挖空需要结合上下文判断泛指 / 特指。 小学考点梳理 英语冠词分三类：不定冠词 a /an；定冠词 the；零冠词 考点一 不定冠词 a /an 区分逻辑 1.a + 单词开头为辅音字母发音 a book, a cat, a desk, a pen 2.an + 单词开头为元音字母（a/e/i/o/u）发音 an apple, an egg, an orange, an umbrella 基础用法 1.第一次介绍人或事物，表泛指一个 I have a dog. The dog is black. （第一次出现 dog 用 a；再次指代同一只，特指用 the） 2.代表一类人 / 事物，说明整体共性 A bird can fly. 鸟类都会飞。 考点二 定冠词 the 两大用法 1.前文已经出现过的人或物品，再次提到用 the I see a bird. The bird is small. 2.世界上独一无二的事物前固定加 the the sun 太阳，the moon 月亮，the earth 地球 点三 ×××× 典例示范 1．________ old man comes to the village. A．A B．An C．/ 【答案】B 【详解】句意：一个老人来到了村子里。old[əʊld]开头音标是元音，故前面应该用冠词an。故选B。 2．They look at ________ projects on the board. A．a B．the C．an D．that 【答案】B 【详解】句意：他们看着板上的这些项目。在板上，表示特指，用定冠词the，故答案为B。 3．— Does Linda like the black bag ________ the green bag? — She likes ________ black one. A．or, the B．and, the C．or, ／ 【答案】A 【详解】句意：——琳达喜欢那个黑色的包……绿色的包？——她喜欢黑色的那个。选择疑问句连词用or，第二空表特指，用定冠词the，故答案为A。 4．My father is on a trip. I write ________ e-mail to him every night. A．the B．an C．a D．/ 【答案】B 【详解】句意是：我的爸爸在旅行。每天晚上我给他发一封电子邮件。e-mail ['i:meɪl]的开头音标是元音，故前面应该用冠词an。故选B。 即学即练习 1．I have _____ orange dress. A．a B．an C．/ 【答案】B 【详解】句意：我有一件橙色的连衣裙。a用于辅音音素开头的单数可数名词前；an用于元音音素开头的单数可数名词前。 orange是元音音素开头的单词，故选B。 2．I have ________ idea now.      A．a B．an C．the 【答案】B 【详解】句意：现在我有......主意。强调一个主意，用不定冠词。idea是元音音素开头的单词，和不定冠词an搭配。故答案为B。 3．There is _____ underground station near my home. A．a B．an C．the 【答案】B 【详解】句意：我家附近有个地下车站。以元音音素开头的单词，应用an表示“一个”，以辅音音素开头的单词，用a表示“一个”，the定冠词表特指，此处强调数量一，用不定冠词，underground是元音音素开头的单词，用an，故选B。 【点睛】本题主要考查冠词的用法，注意平时掌握。 易混易错 1．My uncle can fly ________ aeroplane. He is _________ pilot. A．a; an B．an; a C．a; / 【答案】B 【详解】句意：我叔叔会驾驶飞机。他是一名飞行员。aeroplane飞机，是以元音音素开头的可数名词单数，前面用an修饰；pilot飞行员，是以辅音音素开头的可数名词单数，前面用a修饰。故选B。 2．I have ______ one-yuan note. Where is ______ note? I can't find it. A．an; the B．a; the C．a; a 【答案】B 【详解】题干句意：我有一张一元的钞票。钞票在哪里？我找不到了。有一张一元的钞票，是泛指，所以第一空用不定冠词a；第二空后的note是第二次出现，用定冠词the。故选B。 3．Kitty can play _____ football. She can also play _____ drum. A．the; the B．/; the C．/; the 【答案】C 【详解】句意：凯蒂会踢足球。她也会打鼓。play后接球类时不加the，play football踢足球，固定搭配；play后接乐器时加the，play the drum打鼓，固定搭配，故选C。 解题方略 a/an 只能搭配单数可数名词；复数、不可数名词不能直接加 a/an； sun、moon 永远搭配 the，不可省略。 【基础通关】 一、单项选择 1．The children have ________ lunch break at noon. A．/ B．a C．an 【答案】B 【详解】句意：孩子们中午有午休时间。lunch break午休，是单数可数名词，前面需要加不定冠词，不定冠词a用于辅音音素开头的单词前，an用于元音音素开头的单词前，lunch是辅音音素开头的单词，前面用a。 2．—Are you in ________ same school? —Yes. But we are in ________ different classes. A．the; / B．/; / C．the; the 【答案】A 【详解】句意：—你们在同一所学校吗？—是的。但是我们在不同的班级。the same相同的，在句中特指同一所学校；different classes泛指不同的班级，前面不加冠词。 3．Peter has _______ orange and black T-shirt. A．a B．an C．some 【答案】B 【详解】句意：彼得有一个橙子和一件黑色的T恤。本题考查不定冠词，A用于辅音音素开头的单词前，B元音音素开头的单词前，C修饰可数名词复数或不可数名词。orange是可数名词单数，排除选项C，且是元音音素开头，故选B。 4．—There are many toys in Grandma Wang’s box. Which one do you like? —I like ______ toys. A．all the B．both C．all 【答案】A 【详解】句意：—王奶奶的盒子里有很多玩具。你喜欢哪一个？—我喜欢所有的玩具。本题考查不定代词和定冠词。all全部，both两者都，上文提到的是many toys，说明肯定不止两个，上文已经提到过，下文再次出现，用定冠词表示有所指，故选A。 5．Can I have ______ bottle of milk, please? A．any B．some C．a 【答案】C 【详解】句意：请给我一瓶牛奶好吗？本题考查不定冠词，any/some修饰可数名词复数和不可数名词，a修饰可数名词单数，bottle是可数名词单数，故选C。 6．These dresses both look great on me. But I like _______. A．the pink dresses B．pink one C．the pink one 【答案】C 【详解】句意：这两条连衣裙我穿都很好看，但我喜欢那条粉红色的。本题考查定冠词和不定代词。两条裙子中特指喜欢那条粉色的，故用定冠词the，因特指一条，所以不能用dresses，用不定代词one来代替，故选C。 7．May I have ________ biscuit, Mum? A．some B．any C．a 【答案】C 【详解】句意：我可以吃一个饼干吗，妈妈？本题考查不定冠词，buscuit是可数名词单数，AB选项排除，some和any要修饰可数名词复数。故选C。 8．There is ______ underground station on Green Street. A．a B．the C．an 【答案】C 【详解】句意：格林大街上有一个地铁站。根据句意，泛指一个地铁站，应填不定冠词，排除B选项。underground的发音以元音音素素开头，不定冠词用an。故选C。 9．There is _____ adult ticket for today's show. A．a B．an C．the 【答案】B 【详解】句意；今天的节目有成人票。a用于辅音音素开始的单词，an用于元音因素开始的单词，句中adult为元音音素开头的单词，这个不是特指，排除C，结合选项B符合题意，故选B。 10．It’s ________ orange party. (     ) A．a B．an C．the 【答案】B 【详解】句意：这是橙色派对。结合句意和选项可知，orange是以元音音标开头的单词，其前应用不定冠词an来表示一，故选B。 二、完形填空 Choose the best answer and complete the passage. 选择最恰当的单词完成短文。 Nowadays more and more people in the world are 11 fatter, which troubles them a lot. 12 say that it has a lot to do with our 13 habit. Our eating habits are very 14 for good health and a strong body. Most of us like 15 sweets and ice cream. But if we eat them before a meal, they may take away our appetite.(食欲) It is important for us to eat our meal at the same time each day. When we feel worried or excited, we may not want to eat. 11．A．get B．getting C．got 12．A．Doctors B．We C．Mum 13．A．eating B．sports C．healthy 14．A．happy B．important C．yummy 15．A．eat B．eating C．eats 【答案】11．B 12．A 13．A 14．B 15．B 【导语】本文讲了越来越多的人正在变胖的原因。 【详解】11．句意：如今，世界上越来越多的人正在变得更胖。A动词原形，B动词的现在分词，C动词过去式，句子是现在进行时，结构是be+动词的现在分词，故选B。 12．句意：医生们说这与我们的饮食习惯有很大关系。A医生，B我们，C妈妈，这里需要一个表示专业人士的词来给出观点，医生符合语境，故选A。 13．句意：医生们说这与我们的饮食习惯有很大关系。A饮食，B运动，C健康的，后面提到了eating habits饮食习惯，需前后呼应，故选A。 14．句意：我们的饮食习惯对良好的健康和强壮的身体非常重要。A高兴的，B重要的，C美味的，根据常识，饮食习惯对健康和强壮的身体是非常 重要的，故选B。 15．句意：我们大多数人喜欢吃甜食和冰淇淋。A动词原形，B动词的现在分词，C动词的第三人称单数，like doing sth.喜欢做某事，是固定搭配，故选B。 Hot pot is 16 Chinese people’s favourite and Liu Yang is one of them. Three days ago, Liu Yang arrived in England. There he had three days of hamburgers, sandwiches and potatoes. Yesterday he was 17 when he heard that there was going to be a meal of hotpot to welcome the new students. He went into the room and sat next to an American girl. To his 18 , he saw potatoes and bread in front of him. “ 19 I have the hot pot?” he asked. The American girl laughed and told him that “hotpot is NOT “hot pot”, China has “hot pot” in two words but English “hotpot” is written in one word. Hotpot is made from meat, potatoes and onions. People put it in the oven all day in a heavy pot and on a low heat. It is easy to cook. And it 20 good. But Liu Yang still misses hot pot, two words! 16．A．many B．much C．a lot 17．A．exciting B．super-excited C．excitement 18．A．surprise B．surprising C．surprised 19．A．Should B．May C．Will 20．A．tasted B．taste C．tastes 【答案】16．A 17．B 18．A 19．B 20．C 【导语】本文介绍了文化差异和语言误解带来的有趣故事。 16．句意：火锅是很多中国人的最爱，刘洋就是其中之一。many许多，修饰可数名词复数，much许多，修饰不可数名词或可数名词单数，a lot是副词短语，需加of才接名词，Chinese people是可数名词复数概念，选项A符合题意，故选A。 17．句意：昨天，当他听说会有一顿火锅来欢迎新生时，他极其兴奋。exciting令人兴奋的，修饰事物，super-excited极其兴奋的，修饰人，excitement兴奋，是名词，根据was可知此处需形容词作表语，描述刘洋的情绪，选项B符合题意，故选B。 18．句意：令他惊讶的是，他看到面前放着土豆和面包。surprise惊讶，是名词，surprising令人惊讶的，是形容词，surprised感到惊讶的，修饰人，to one’s surprise (令某人惊讶的是) 固定搭配，故选A。 19．句意：“我可以吃火锅吗？”他问道。Should应该，表建议，May可以，用于礼貌请求，Will将要，表将来，根据语境，可知表示请求，选项B符合题意，故选B。 20．句意：而且它尝起来很美味。taste品尝，tasted是过去式，taste是原形，tastes是第三人称单数形式，句子描述火锅的客观味道，用一般现在时，主语it是第三人称单数，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式，故选C。 【培优提升】 一、单项选择 1．I want to be ________ pilot. I want to fly ________ aeroplane. A．/; a B．an; a C．a; an 【答案】C 【详解】句意：我想成为一名飞行员。我想开飞机。a用于辅音音素开头的单词前面，pilot是辅音音素开头的单词。an用于元音音素开头的单词前面，aeroplane是元音音素开头的单词。故选C。 2．Here is _______ uniform for you. A．an B．a C．/ 【答案】B 【详解】句意：这是给你的一件校服。uniform是以辅音因素开头，不定冠词是a，故选B。 3．My uncle can fly ___________ aeroplane. He is ___________ pilot. A．a; / B．a; an C．an; a 【答案】C 【详解】句意：我叔叔会开飞机。他是一名飞行员。考查不定冠词的用法，以元音音素开头的单词前用an，以辅音因素开头的单词前用a，aeroplane以元音音素开头的单词前用an，pilot以辅音因素开头的单词前用a，故选C。 4．Eddie can play ______________ football, but he can’t play ______________ piano. A．the; the B．/; the C．/; / 【答案】B 【详解】句意：埃迪会踢足球，但他不会弹钢琴。踢足球play football，弹钢琴play the piano，故选B。 5．Linda has ________ apple in her hand. A．a B．an C．/ 【答案】B 【详解】句意：琳达手里有________苹果。A不定冠词，用于以辅音因素开头的单词前。B不定冠词，用于以元音音素开头的单词前，apple是以元音音素开头的单词，故选B。 【点睛】 6．I have ________ idea. A．a B．/ C．an 【答案】C 【详解】句意：我有一个想法。idea是元音开头，所以不定冠词是an，故选C。 7．Today is _________ eighth of September. A．a B．the C．/ 【答案】B 【详解】句意：今天是九月八日。日需用序数词表达，序数词前面需加定冠词the，故选B。 8．Does your sister like to play _________ football? A．a B．an C．/ 【答案】C 【详解】句意为：你的妹妹喜欢踢足球吗？play football踢足球，不加冠词。故选C。 9．Her sister likes to play ____________ piano but my brother likes to play ____________ basketball. A．the; the B．the; / C．/; / 【答案】B 【详解】句意：她妹妹喜欢弹钢琴，但是我哥哥喜欢打篮球。乐器前加定冠词the，球类运动前不加定冠词the。故选B。 10．_______ Yangtze River is very, very long. A．/ B．The C．A 【答案】B 【详解】句意：长江非常非常长。独一无二的事物前加定冠词the，故选B。 二、完形填空 Choose the best answer and complete the passage. 选择最恰当的单词完成短文。 Last Sunday, my class had a “Sports & Animal Care” activity. Let me tell you about it! In the morning, we started with warm-up exercises. Then we did sports like basketball. Li Ming is 11 running, so he took part in the 800-metre race. When he ran past us, we shouted “Go for it!” loudly. After the sports games, we visited a small farm to help look after animals. First, we learned to 12 goats and cows. A farmer taught us: “You must clean the pigsty carefully because pigs 13 clean places.” Then, we went to watch some lovely birds. Some of us were 14 by the clever parrots—they could remember their keepers’ faces! The owner also told us: “Be careful! Don’t let the chickens fly up and peck you.” We wanted to ride the horses, but the farmer said: “It’s not 15 for kids to ride alone.” So we just watched them. At the end of the day, we felt tired but happy. 11．A．good at B．proud of C．join in D．poor at 12．A．feed B．collect C．care D．ride 13．A．hold B．dislike C．prefer D．control 14．A．active B．amazed C．surprising D．pleased 15．A．safely B．friendly C．popular D．safe 【答案】11．A 12．A 13．C 14．B 15．D 【导语】本文介绍上周日班级举行活动的具体详情。 【详解】11．句意：李明擅长跑步，所以他参加了800米赛跑。good at擅长，proud of为……骄傲，join in加入，poor at不擅长，根据上下文，可知good at符合语境，故选A。 12．句意：首先，我们学习喂山羊和奶牛。feed喂养，collect收集，care关心，ride骑，根据上下文，可知feed符合照顾动物的动作，故选A。 13．句意：你必须仔细打扫猪圈，因为猪更喜欢干净的地方。hold握住，dislike不喜欢，prefer更喜欢，control控制，根据上下文，可知prefer符合语境，故选C。 14．句意：我们中的一些人对聪明的鹦鹉感到惊讶——它们能记住饲养员的脸！active活跃的，amazed感到惊讶的，修饰人，surprising令人惊讶的，修饰事物，pleased高兴的，根据上下文，可知amazed符合语境，故选B。 15．句意：孩子们独自骑马不安全。safe安全的，safely安全地，friendly友好的，popular受欢迎的，根据上下文，可知safe符合语境，故选D。 Tim and Tom 16 twins (双胞胎). They are in the same class. Tim works harder and studies better than Tom. One day, the 17 asks the students to write a composition (作文) about their mothers. Tim 18 it and is ready to hand it in when Tom says, “Wait a minute, Tim. Let 19 have a look.” Tom reads it and then copies it. The next day the teacher asks Tom. “Why is your composition the same as Tim’s, Tom?” “Because we have the same 20 ,” answers Tom. 16．A．is B．are C．am 17．A．brother B．Tom C．teacher 18．A．reads B．looks C．writes 19．A．me B．I C．we 20．A．mother B．friend C．book 【答案】16．B 17．C 18．C 19．A 20．A 【详解】16．句意：Tim和Tom是双胞胎。主语是两个人，be用are，故选B。 17．句意：一天，____要求学生写一篇关于妈妈的作文。根据语境，应该是老师teacher，brother兄弟，故选C。 18．句意：Tim___了作文并准备好上交。根据语境，是写了write，read读，look看，故选C。 19．句意：Tim，让我看一下。我用宾格me，I是我的主格，we我的主格，故选A。 20．句意：因为我们有一样的____。根据语境是一样的妈妈mother，friend朋友，book书，故选A。 初中考点梳理 考点一 考点一 a /an 判定 规则总口诀：元音音素开头用 an，辅音音素开头用 a，和字母无关 类别 1：元音字母开头，辅音音素，用 a 单词以 u 开头，音标首音 /j/（辅音） 1.university /ˌjuːnɪˈvɜːsəti/ → a university 一所大学 2.useful /ˈjuːsfl/ → a useful book 一本有用的书 3.unit /ˈjuːnɪt/ → a unit 一个单元 类别 2：辅音字母开头，元音音素，用 an 单词 h 不发音，开头音标为元音 1.hour /ˈaʊə(r)/ → an hour 一小时 2.honest /ˈɒnɪst/ → an honest boy 一个诚实的男孩 3.honest student → an honest student 补充拓展特例 an 8-year-old girl（数字 8 读音 /eɪ/ 元音开头） a one-year-old boy（one 音标 /w/ 辅音开头） a/an 进阶用法 1.初次提及单数可数名词 2.表示类别，泛指一类 A dog likes meat. 狗喜欢吃肉。 3.表“每一”，等同于 every We have meals three times a day. 我们一天吃三顿饭。 4.用于固定搭配短语 have a cold 感冒；have a rest 休息；take a walk 散步；a lot of 许多 考点二 定冠词 the 1.上文提到过的人、物，再次特指 I bought a ruler. The ruler is blue. 2.双方都心知肚明的人 / 物品 Close the window. 把窗户关上（对话双方都知道哪扇窗） 3.世界上独一无二的天体、专有事物 the sun, the moon, the Great Wall 长城 4.序数词前面必须加 the the first lesson 第一课；the third day 第三天 补充：序数词前有形容词性物主代词 my/his/her，不加 the my first friend（√）；the my first friend（×） 5.形容词最高级前固定加 the the tallest student 最高的学生；the most interesting story 补充：最高级前有物主代词，省略 the his best friend（√） 6.西洋乐器名称前必须加 the play the piano 弹钢琴；play the violin 拉小提琴；play the guitar 7.江河、湖泊、海洋、山脉、群岛前加 the the Yellow River 黄河；the West Lake 西湖；the Himalayas 喜马拉雅山脉 8.姓氏复数前加 the，表示“一家人 / 夫妇二人” the Greens 格林一家；the Smiths 史密斯夫妇 9.单数可数名词前加 the，代表整个类别 The computer changes our life. 电脑改变了我们的生活。 10.方位名词前加 the in the east 在东方；on the left 在左边 11.特指某一年份、某一段时期 in the 2020s 在 21 世纪 20 年代 考点三 零冠词（不加 a/an/the） 场景 1：球类、棋牌、体育运动前不加 the play football 踢足球；play basketball；play chess 下棋 ⚠️区分：乐器必须加 the，运动不加 the（完形高频对比） play the drum（乐器√） play volleyball（球类√） 场景 2：一日三餐（breakfast/lunch/dinner）前不加冠词 have breakfast / have lunch / have dinner 两个例外 ① 三餐前有形容词修饰，表 “一顿…… 的餐”，加不定冠词 a/an have a big lunch 吃一顿丰盛的午餐 have a quick breakfast 快速吃早饭 ② 特指某一顿双方都知道的饭，加定冠词 the The lunch we had yesterday was delicious. 昨天那顿午饭很好吃。 场景 3：季节、月份、星期前不加冠词 in spring 在春天；in July；on Sunday 例外：特指某一年的某个季节，加 the in the spring of 2026 在 2026 年春天 场景 4：学科、语言名称前不加 the study English；learn math；speak Chinese 例外：语言后加 language，要加 the the English language 英语这门语言 场景 5：人名、单个城市、单个国家名前不加 the Tom、Shanghai、China、Japan 例外：由普通名词构成的国家、群岛、联邦国家必须加 the the USA 美国；the UK 英国；the United Nations 联合国 场景 6：by + 交通工具，零冠词 by bus 坐公交；by bike 骑车；by plane 坐飞机 ❌ 错误：by the bus /by a bike 替换表达 take a bus（动词 take 后要加 a） 场景 7：复数名词泛指一类事物，不加冠词 I like apples.（泛指所有苹果） Cats like fish. 场景 8：节日、节假日细分 1.Day 结尾节日，不加 the：Children’s Day、New Year’s Day 2.Festival 结尾传统节日，加 the：the Spring Festival、the Mid-Autumn Festival 考点四 同短语有无 the 一、校园学习类 go to school / go to the school go to school：去上学（求学、读书，表功能） Children go to school at 7 every morning. go to the school：去学校（到教学楼办事、找人、参观，不是上学） I went to the school to pick up my brother yesterday. in class / in the class in class：在上课 Don’t talk loudly in class. in the class：在教室这个班级里（单纯空间） There are forty students in the class. after class / after the class after class：下课之后（泛指日常） We play sports after class. after the class：这节课结束后（特指某一节课） Please come to my office after the class. 二、城镇、教堂类 in church / in the church in church：做礼拜（宗教活动） They are in church every Sunday. in the church：在教堂建筑内（参观、路过） We took photos in the church last trip. go to town / go to the town go to town：进城办事（固定抽象用法） My dad goes to town once a week. go to the town：去到那个小镇（特指某一座小镇） We drove to the town near our village. 三、餐桌、用餐类 at table / at the table at table：在吃饭、用餐 Don’t call me; I’m at table. at the table：坐在桌子旁（不一定吃饭，看书、写字） He sits at the table and reads a book. 四、监狱类 in prison / in the prison in prison：坐牢、服刑（犯人） The bad man is in prison now. in the prison：在监狱里面（狱警、探监人员） His mother works in the prison. 五、战场、军队 at war / at the war at war：处于战争状态 The two countries were at war years ago. at the war：在这场战争现场（特指某场战役） Many soldiers died at the war. in army / in the army in army：服役当兵 My uncle is in army. in the army：在这支军队里（特指某支部队） 六、病床类 in bed / in the bed in bed：卧床休息、卧病在床 Stay in bed if you have a cold. in the bed：躺在那张床上（单纯位置，不一定生病休息） My cat is sleeping in the bed. 七、海洋拓展 on sea / on the sea on sea：出海航行（船员） on the sea：在海边、海面（游玩） There are many boats on the sea. 八、商店、市场 in market / in the market in market：赶集、做买卖 in the market：在这个市场建筑物内 统一记忆口诀 不加 the：侧重场所功能、活动用途（上学、住院、坐牢、吃饭、礼拜） 加 the：侧重实体建筑、具体地点、特指某一处，只表示人在场地内，不从事对应活动 典例示范 1．Mary’s brother is good at playing ________ violin but is poor at playing ________ basketball. A．a, an B．the, a C．the, / D．/, a 【答案】C 【详解】句意：玛丽的兄弟擅长拉小提琴，但打篮球却不太擅长。 考查冠词。乐器前通常加定冠词“the”，而球类运动前不加冠词。故选C。 2．Mr. Smith is writing a notice to all new students. _________ notice is about their uniforms. A．A B．An C．The D．/ 【答案】C 【详解】句意：史密斯先生正在给所有的新生写通知。通知是关于他们的制服的。 考查冠词。根据前句“a notice”可知，此处是再一次提到notice，应用定冠词特指。故选C。 3．Jim took _________ one-hour ride around the lake yesterday. What _________ great fun he had! A．an, a B．an, / C．a, a D．a, / 【答案】D 【详解】句意：吉姆昨天骑车绕湖游了一个小时。他玩得多开心啊! 考查冠词。a一个，用于辅音音素前；an一个，用于元音音素前。第一空为泛指，one-hour读音为辅音音素开头，应用不定冠词a，第二空格所在句子是以what引导的感叹句，fun是不可数名词，不用冠词，所以感叹句结构为What+不可数名词+主+谓！故选D。 4．Would you like to take ________ look at the new poster on the wall? A．a B．an C．the D．/ 【答案】A 【详解】句意：你想看看墙上的新海报吗? 考查冠词。a不定冠词，表示泛指，用于以辅音音素开头的单词之前；an不定冠词，表示泛指，用于以元音音素开头的单词之前；the定冠词，表示特指等；/不填。take a look at “看看……”，固定短语。故选A。 5．Simon has ________ unhealthy diet. He’s too fat. A．a B．an C．the D．/ 【答案】B 【详解】句意：西蒙的饮食不健康。他太胖了。 考查冠词的用法。a一个，不定冠词，表示泛指，用于辅音音素前；an一个，不定冠词，表示泛指，用于元音音素前；the这个，定冠词，表示特指。/不填。根据“Simon has...unhealthy diet”可知此处是指他有一个不健康的饮食，用不定冠词修饰，unhealthy是一个以元音音素开头的单词，用an修饰，故选B。 即学即练习 1．Lily would like to watch ________ Olympic Games on TV. A．a B．an C．the D．/ 【答案】C 【详解】句意：莉莉想在电视上观看奥运会。 考查冠词辨析。a一个，表泛指，用于以辅音音素开头的单词前；an一个，表泛指，用于以元音音素开头的单词前；the这个，表特指；/零冠词。此处“奥林匹克运动会”是指电视上特定的体育赛事，用定冠词the。故选C。 2．I often play ________ chess and sometimes I play ________ guitar. A．the; the B．the; / C．/; / D．/; the 【答案】D 【详解】句意：我经常下棋，有时弹吉他。 考查冠词的用法。第一处棋类游戏前不加冠词，第二处西洋乐器前加定冠词the。故选D。 3．—What’s ________ matter with you? —I fell down while playing ________ baseball just now. A．the; / B．the; the C．/; / D．a; a 【答案】A 【详解】句意：——你怎么了？——我刚才打棒球的时候摔倒了。 考查冠词。what’s the matter with sb是固定句型，第一空应用定冠词the；球类名词前不加冠词，第二空不填。故选A。 4．John usually plays ______ tennis three times a week. A．/ B．a C．an 【答案】A 【详解】句意：约翰通常一周打三次网球。 考查冠词的用法。球类前不加任何冠词，play tennis“打网球”，故选A。 5．Look! My cousin is playing ______ guitar. He is good at it. A．/ B．a C．an D．the 【答案】D 【详解】句意：看啊！我的表弟正在弹吉他。他擅长弹吉他。 考查冠词辨析。/不填；a一个，表泛指，用于辅音音素开头的词之前；an一个，表泛指，用于元音音素开头的词之前；the表特指。在乐器名称前用定冠词the，play the guitar意为“弹吉他”，动词短语。故选D。 易混易错 1.a/an 只看音标不看字母，hour、university 极易混淆； 2.乐器加 the，球类、棋牌不加 the，经常写反； 3.by + 交通工具中间多加 a/the，属于高频改错错误； 4.三餐规则记不全：无修饰不加冠词，有形容词加 a，特指某一餐加 the； 5.序数词、最高级前漏写 the；若前面有 my/his 等物主代词，不能再加 the； 6.节日区分：Day 结尾零冠词，Festival 前面加 the； 7.分不清 in front of /in the front of 空间内外； 8.复数名词泛指事物，错误搭配 a/an。 解题方略 1.第一步：判断名词 •单数可数名词初次泛指 → a/an； •复数 / 不可数名词泛指，无修饰 → 零冠词； •上文提过、双方共知、独一无二事物 → the。 2.第二步：a/an 区分 拼读单词开头音标，元音音素 an，辅音音素 a。 3.第三步：固定场景快速判断 乐器、序数词、最高级、江河山脉、姓氏一家人 → 必加 the； 球类、三餐（无修饰）、季节月份星期、by 交通工具、学科 → 零冠词； 三餐带形容词 → a/an。 第四步：短语辨析 遇到 hospital/school/sea/front of，结合句意区分是否需要加 the。 【基础通关】 一、单项选择 1．You are ________ member of the reading club. A．a B．an C．the D．/ 【答案】A 【详解】句意：你是阅读俱乐部的一名成员。 a一个；an一个；the这/那；/不填。根据“You are…member of the reading club.”可知，member是可数名词单数，且以辅音音素开头，表示泛指“一名”，应用不定冠词a。应填a。 2．I don’t think this is _________ useful information about weather. A．/ B．a C．an D．the 【答案】A 【详解】句意：我认为这并不是关于天气的有用信息。 /不填；a一个；an一个；the特指。information是不可数名词，前面不能用不定冠词a或an修饰；此处表示泛指“有用的信息”，并非特指，故不用定冠词the，所以不填。 3．Let’s build _________ green neighbourhood together. A．/ B．the C．an D．a 【答案】D 【详解】句意：让我们一起建设一个绿色社区吧。 /零冠词；the表示特指；an一个，修饰以元音音素开头的单词；a一个,修饰以辅音音素开头的单词。neighbourhood是可数名词单数，此处表示泛指“一个”，且green以辅音音素开头，应填a。 4．Can I go out to play ________ basketball with Peter now? A．the B．a C．an D．/ 【答案】D 【详解】句意：我现在可以出去和彼得打篮球吗？ the定冠词；a一个；an表示一个（用于以元音音素开头的单词前）；/不填。在英语中，play后接球类运动名词时，中间不加任何冠词。故选D。 5．________ enjoyable trip we had last week! We really had fun. A．What a B．What an C．What D．How 【答案】B 【详解】句意：上周我们度过了一次多么愉快的旅行啊！我们真的很开心。 What a多么（用于可数名词单数，辅音音素前）；What an多么（用于可数名词单数，元音音素前）；What多么（用于不可数名词或复数名词）；How多么（用于形容词或副词）。根据题干“enjoyable trip”可知，trip是可数名词单数，enjoyable以元音音素开头，感叹句结构为What an + adj. + 可数名词单数 + 主语 + 谓语，应填What an。 6．Dad gets up early and makes ________ breakfast for us. A．a B．an C．the D．/ 【答案】D 【详解】句意：爸爸早起为我们做早餐。 考查冠词用法。a用于辅音音素开头的可数名词单数前；an用于元音音素开头的可数名词单数前；the表示特指；/零冠词。根据“Dad gets up early and makes…breakfast for us.”可知，这里是make breakfast，意为“做早餐”，中间不加冠词。故选D。 7．In our class, some of the students enjoy reading books, while others like playing ________ piano. A．a B．the C．/ 【答案】B 【详解】句意：在我们班，有些学生喜欢读书，而有些学生喜欢弹钢琴。 考查定冠词的用法。a表泛指，用于以辅音音素开头前；the表特指；/零冠词。在英语中，表示演奏某种乐器时，乐器名称前需加定冠词the。play the piano意为“弹钢琴”，故选B。 8．I have ________ aunt. She lives in ________ U.K. A．a, the B．an, the C．the, / D．an, / 【答案】B 【详解】句意：我有一个阿姨。她住在英国。 考查冠词辨析。a是不定冠词，用于以辅音音素开头的字母或单词前，表示某类人或事物中的“一个”，表泛指；an是不定冠词，用于以元音音素开头的字母或单词前，表示某类人或事物中的“一个”，也表泛指；the是定冠词，表特指，意为“这、那、这些、那些”，放在可数名词和不可数名词前；/是零冠词。根据题意可知，此处泛指一个阿姨，且以元音音素开头，所以应用an；U.K.是“the United Kingdom”的缩写，其全称中包含普通名词“Kingdom”，因此需加“the”特指该国家。故选B。 9．Shall we play ________ basketball first and then play ________ violin? A．/; / B．/; the C．the; the D．the; / 【答案】B 【详解】句意：我们能先打篮球，再拉小提琴吗？ 考查冠词用法。/零冠词；the定冠词。根据“play...basketball”可知球类运动前使用零冠词；“play...violin”可知乐器前使用定冠词。故选B。 10．Ben becomes very strong now because he has ________ diet these days. A．healthy B．a healthy C．unhealthy D．an unhealthy 【答案】B 【详解】句意：Ben现在变得非常强壮，因为他最近保持着健康的饮食。 考查冠词和形容词辨析。healthy健康的；unhealthy不健康的。根据“Ben becomes very strong now”可知，Ben现在很强壮，可见他有着健康的饮食，diet是单数形式，因此需要冠词a搭配，空处应是a healthy。故选B。 二、阅读理解 以下对五个学生的描述以及他们需要遵守的规则。请把相关信息进行匹配。 11 Karen is a middle school student. Her home is very far from school. She has lunch at the school’s dining hall. 12 Jimmy is on duty (值日) today. He has to clean the classroom and the blackboard. 13 The Browns are going to a park this weekend. They will go there in their car. 14 Ben’s son likes animals very much, so Ben will take him to Zhuhai Chimelong Ocean Kingdom (长隆海洋动物王国) this Friday. 15 Robert has a fever (发烧) today. His mother has to take him to the hospital. A．Don’t walk near the animals. Don’t touch them or take photos of them. Don’t give food to them. B．Be quiet and never talk loudly in the hospital. Don’t smoke. Don’t ask people why they’re in the hospital. C． Stop your car when the lights are red. When you cross the road, make sure there are no cars coming. D．First, clean the blackboard after each class. Second, keep chairs and desks tidy. Third, clean the floor. E. Wait in line to buy the food in the dining hall. Don’t waste food. We must have lunch at the same place. 【答案】11．E 12．D 13．C 14．A 15．B 【导语】本文介绍了不同场景需要遵守的规则，以匹配5组人物。 【详解】11．根据“She has lunch at the school’s dining hall.”可知，Karen在学校食堂吃午饭，选项E“排队在餐厅买食物，别浪费食物。我们一定要在同一地点吃午饭。”是她需要遵守的规则。 12．根据“Jimmy is on duty (值日) today. He has to clean the classroom and the blackboard.”可知，Jimmy今天值日，选项D“第一，每节课后要清理黑板。第二，保持椅子和桌子整洁。第三，打扫地板。”是他需要遵守的规则。 13．根据“The Browns are going to a park this weekend. They will go there in their car.”可知，Brown一家将驾车去公园，选项C“红灯时停车。过马路时，务必确认没有车辆驶来。”是他们需要遵守的规则。 14．根据“Ben’s son likes animals very much, so Ben will take him to Zhuhai Chimelong Ocean Kingdom (长隆海洋动物王国) this Friday.”可知，Ben会带他儿子去珠海长隆海洋动物王国玩，选项A“不要靠近动物，不要触碰它们或为它们拍照，也不要给它们喂食。”是他们需要遵守的规则。 15．根据“His mother has to take him to the hospital.”可知，Robert的妈妈要带他去医院，选项B“在医院里要安静，不要大声说话。不要吸烟。不要问别人为什么住院。”是他们需要遵守的规则。 三、完形填空 Modern (现代的) life is not always comfortable. We are very 16 every day. We are anxious (急于) to go to school, and parents are anxious to go to work in the morning. So many of us skip breakfast to save 17 before going to school or work. This is not a 18 habit. Breakfast is very important. It gives us energy to start the day. Scientists say that breakfast can help people think well and that having a good breakfast is very good for their health. 19 , it is good to have four or five small meals every day, not one or two big meals. What’s more, you should eat lots of vegetables and fruit, like carrots, pears, watermelons, strawberries and so on. We must have the right kinds of food. We should also eat pork, chicken and beef. Sports, like walking, can also 20 us to keep fit. More and more people are doing sports after work. Remember, keeping good habits can make us feel good. 16．A．hungry B．busy C．cool D．interested 17．A．water B．life C．time D．money 18．A．healthy B．easy C．different D．magic 19．A．First B．However C．For example D．Also 20．A．teach B．let C．help D．ask 【答案】16．B 17．C 18．A 19．D 20．C 【导语】本文主要讲述了现代生活节奏快，人们忽视早餐的现象，并强调了健康饮食和运动习惯的重要性。 【详解】16．句意：我们每天都很忙。 根据后文“We are anxious to go to school, and parents are anxious to go to work”可知，我们急于上学、父母急于上班，说明生活节奏快，人们每天都很忙碌（busy）。 17．句意：我们中许多人为了节省上学或工作前的时间而不吃早餐。 根据“skip breakfast”及前文急于上学上班的语境，不吃早饭是为了节约时间，save time是固定搭配。 18．句意：这不是一个健康的习惯。 根据后文“Breakfast is very important…good for their health”可知，早餐很重要，对健康有好处，所以不吃早饭对健康不利，不是健康的习惯。 19．句意：此外，每天吃四五顿小餐比较好。 根据上下文语境，前文提到吃好早餐对健康有益，后文补充“每天吃四五顿小餐也很好”，Also表示递进关系，符合逻辑。 20．句意：像散步这样的运动也能帮助我们保持健康。 固定搭配“help sb. to do sth.”意为帮助某人做某事，符合语境。let后接不带to的不定式，teach和ask语义不符。 【培优提升】 一、单项选择 1．We have ________ ICT lesson ________ the afternoon. A．a, / B．an, / C．a, in D．an, in 【答案】D 【详解】句意：我们在下午有一节信息通信技术课。 考查冠词和介词。a一（后接以辅音音素开头的单词）；an一（后接以元音音素开头的单词）；in在……里面。“ICT”以元音音素发音开头，第一空应是an；in the afternoon“在下午”，固定搭配。故选D。 2．He has _________ aunt from America. A．a B．an C．the D．/ 【答案】B 【详解】句意：他有一位来自美国的阿姨。 考查冠词。此处泛指“一位阿姨”，因此需要使用不定冠词。“aunt”是以元音音素开头的单词，所以其前应用不定冠词“an”来修饰。故选B。 3．I have ________ ICT class in the morning. A．a B．an C．the D．/ 【答案】B 【详解】句意：我早上有一节信息与通信技术课。 考查冠词辨析。a一个，修饰以辅音音素开头的单词；an一个，修饰以元音音素开头的单词；the表示特指；/零冠词。这里泛指一节信息与通信技术课，ICT是以元音音素/aɪ/开头，用an修饰。故选B。 4．There is ________ exhibition hall in the center of Shanghai. A．a B．/ C．the D．an 【答案】D 【详解】 句意：上海市中心有一个展览馆。 考查冠词用法。exhibition hall为可数名词单数，需用不定冠词表示泛指；exhibition发音以元音音素/e/开头，故用an。故选D。 5．John is an astronaut. He must wear ________ uniform at work. A．/ B．an C．a D．the 【答案】C 【详解】句意：约翰是一名宇航员。他工作时必须穿一件制服。 考查冠词用法。/表示不填，零冠词；an表泛指，不定冠词，用于以元音音素开头的单词前；a表泛指，不定冠词，用于以辅音音素开头的单词前；the表特指，定冠词。根据“wear … uniform”可知，此处表示穿一件制服，应用不定冠词表泛指，且“uniform”是以辅音音素开头的单词，应用a。故选C。 6．I have ________ ICT lesson every Mondays. A．a B．an C．the D．/ 【答案】B 【详解】句意：我每周一都有一节信息技术课。 考查冠词辨析。a一个，表泛指，用于辅音音素开头的词之前；an一个，表泛指，用于元音音素开头的词之前；the表特指；/不填。根据“…ICT lesson every Mondays.”可知，此处表示泛指一节信息技术课，ICT是元音音素开头，用冠词an。故选B。 7．In China, most middle school students have ________ lunch at school. A．the B．/ C．a D．an 【答案】B 【详解】句意：在中国，大多数中学生在校吃午饭。 考查冠词辨析。the这个，表特指，指已提到的人或物；/是零冠词；a一，用于辅音音素开头的单词前；an一，用于元音音素开头的单词前。根据题意可知，have lunch吃午饭，固定短语，三餐饭都不加冠词。故选B。 8．The student found ________ interesting book in the school library and took it home. A．a B．an C．the D．/ 【答案】B 【详解】句意：这个学生在学校图书馆找到一本有趣的书，并把它带回家。 考查冠词。根据“interesting book in the school library and took it home”可知，此处泛指一本书，所以用不定冠词；单词“interesting”发音以元音音素开头，所以填an。故选B。 9．We will have ________ trip in the winter holiday. A．an eight-day B．a eight-day C．a eight-days D．an eight-days 【答案】A 【详解】句意：我们将在寒假进行一次八天的旅行。 考查复合形容词。复合形容词由数字和单数名词构成，eight-day符合此结构，且eight的发音以元音音素开头，需用an修饰。故选A。 10．Now we have ________ ICT lesson ________ every Friday. A．/; on B．an; / C．a; / D．an; on 【答案】B 【详解】句意：现在我们每周五都有一节信息通信技术课。 考查冠词和介词。an一个，不定冠词表泛指，用于元音音素开头的单词前；a一个，不定冠词表泛指，用于辅音音素开头的单词前；/，表示不填冠词；on在（具体某一天）。根据“we have... ICT lesson... every Friday”可知，ICT lesson表示 “信息通信技术”，以元音音素开头，不定冠词用an；every Friday “每周五”，every前面不加冠词。故选B。 二、阅读理解 配对阅读　下面左栏是五个地方的天气情况，右栏是七项活动的介绍。请将左右栏匹配。 11 What a sunny day! It is very hot. Everyone wants to go somewhere cool. 12 It’s Sunday today and it is cool and a little windy. 13 It is raining now. The rain is so good and in time after many hot days. 14 A heavy snow is coming down.It’s white everywhere.It’s cold outside. 15 Spring is here. What a comfortable day! It is neither hot nor cold. It is good for an activity outside the school. A．People are planting trees in the rain. They are all wet, but they are happy. Because they don’t need to water the trees and the trees can grow fast. B．Lily is ill. Her mother is driving her to the hospital. C． Peter doesn’t go to school on Sunday. He is flying a kite in the park with his friend Frank. D．Birds are singing happily in the trees. Everything begins to grow and turn green. The students are going on a school trip in the mountains. E. This is the happiest time for children. Look! They are playing with snow. They are building snowmen. F. The children can’t stand the hot weather and they are having great fun in the pool. They feel much cooler now. G. Mr Green and Mrs Green are fishing. Look! There is a big fish in Mr Green’s hand. How happy they are! 【答案】11．F 12．C 13．A 14．E 15．D 【导语】本文是一篇应用文，描述了五个地方的天气情况，需将其与七项活动介绍相匹配。 【详解】11．根据天气描述“What a sunny day! It is very hot. Everyone wants to go somewhere cool.”可知，天气炎热，人们想去凉爽的地方。F选项“孩子们受不了炎热的天气，他们在游泳池里玩得很开心。他们现在感觉凉快多了。”与之匹配。故选F。 12．根据天气描述“It’s Sunday today and it is cool and a little windy.”可知，今天是周日，天气凉爽且有风。C选项“彼得周日不用上学。他正和好朋友弗兰克在公园里放风筝。”与之匹配。故选C。 13．根据天气描述“It is raining now. The rain is so good and in time after many hot days.”可知，现在正在下雨，这场雨在炎热天气后非常及时。A选项“人们正在雨中植树。他们都湿了，但很开心，因为他们不需要给树浇水，而且树长得很快。”与之匹配。故选A。 14．根据天气描述“A heavy snow is coming down. It’s white everywhere. It’s cold outside.”可知，下大雪了，外面很冷。E选项“这是孩子们最开心的时光。看！他们在玩雪，他们在堆雪人。”与之匹配。故选E。 15．根据天气描述“Spring is here. What a comfortable day! It is neither hot nor cold. It is good for an activity outside the school.”可知，春天来了，天气舒适，不冷不热，适合校外活动。D选项“鸟儿在树上欢快地歌唱。万物开始生长变绿。学生们正在山上进行学校郊游。”与之匹配。故选D。 二、完形填空 If you go to a new school, how to make friends? Let’s read the following passage. Smile and laugh. It really 16 . Make eye contact (接触) with others, smile at them when they look at you and laugh when they say 17 funny. This makes you seem friendly and kind. 18 others to do things with you. Ask some people to have lunch , or ask someone to take a walk with you. When you find a few people you like, ask them to play ball games after school. Remember people’s names. Try your best to remember their names and hobbies. Don’t be 19 to ask people more than once what their names are. When people are talking to you , listen! If you 20 these, you will have more good friends. 16．A．plans B．works C．moves D．helps 17．A．nothing B．everything C．anything D．something 18．A．Invite B．Find C．Teach D．Show 19．A．surprised B．excited C．afraid D．angry 20．A．need B．choose C．follow D．discuss 【答案】16．B 17．D 18．A 19．C 20．C 【导语】本文介绍了在新学校交朋友的几种方法，包括微笑与眼神交流、邀请他人一起做事、记住他人名字以及做一个好的倾听者等，遵循这些方法就能拥有更多好朋友。 【详解】16．句意：微笑和大笑。它真的有效。 plans计划；works工作，起作用，有效；moves移动；helps帮助。根据“Smile and laugh.It really…”此句表达“微笑和大笑很有效”，此处表示“起作用，有效”，“works”在此处表达“起作用，有效”的意思。故选B。 17．句意：与他人进行眼神交流，当他们看着你时对他们微笑，当他们说一些有趣的话时大笑。 nothing没有任何东西；everything每件事；anything任何事物；something一些事物；某物，某事。根据“hen they look at you and laugh when they say…funny.”此句的“say…funny”可知，“say…funny”表达“说一些事物，而且是有趣的事物，“funny”此处是形容词后置修饰前面的“某些事物”，结合句意，此处是“一些有趣的话”，因此用“something”表达“一些话”。故选D。 18．句意：邀请别人和你一起做事情。 Invite邀请；Find找；Teach教；Show展示。根据“…others to do things with you.”此句可知，此处是表达“邀请”这个动词，是一个祈使句，所以此处的动词用原形，“Invite”表达“邀请”。故选A。 19．句意：不要害怕多次问别人他们的名字。 surprised惊讶的；excited兴奋的；afraid害怕的；angry生气的。根据“Don’t be…to ask people more than once what their names are.”此句的“Don’t be…”可知，be动词后面需填一个形容词，结合句意，此处表达“害怕的”，“afraid”表达“害怕的”。故选C。 20．句意：当人们和你说话时，听！如果你遵循这些，你会有更多的好朋友。 need需要；choose选择；follow遵循；discuss讨论。根据“listen! If you…these, you will have more good friends.”可知，此句是if引导的条件状语从句，此处表达“遵循”，“follow”表达“遵循”。故选C。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $