衔接点03 形容词、副词（讲义，上海专用）英语小升初衔接

衔接点03 形容词、副词（小初考点差异及衔接） 小学视角 初中展望 1. 认识形容词修饰名词、副词修饰动词； 2. 掌握单音节规则比较级、最高级变化； 3. 熟记 5 组不规则变形（good/well/bad 等）； 4. 基础句型：A is + 比较级 + than B； 5. 简单标志词 tall-taller-tallest，题型仅单词变形填空； 6. 不接触多音节词、比较级修饰词、副词位置、系动词陷阱。 1. 完整区分形容词、副词句法位置，系动词后只用形容词； 2. 全覆盖变形：单音节、双音节、多音节（more/most）； 3. 不规则变形拓展，区分 good（形）/well（副）词义； 4. 高阶比较句型：much/far/even 修饰比较级、the + 比较级，the + 比较级； 5. 易混同根形副词辨析：slow/slowly、quick/quickly； 6. 形容词名词化、enough 位置、最高级 in/of 范围句型； 7. 综合考察：完形词义辨析、语法选择、选词填空、书面表达。 衔接引导 小学阶段： 只学习短单词规则变形，做题依靠单词结尾提示（tall 直接 + er），句子结构简单，只考 than 基础对比句，不区分形副词混用陷阱，题目提示明显，无语境辨析，机械记忆即可得分。 初中阶段： 形容词副词是完形、语法词意类选择高频失分点，难点集中叠加： 1.变形体系扩容：多音节词必须加 more/most，极易和单音节混淆； 2.词性区分陷阱：系动词后只能用形容词，实义动词后用副词，初中必考； 3.比较级高阶修饰：much taller、far bigger ； 4.特殊句型：the more…the better…、enough 后置； 5.词义辨析：同根形容词、副词混用，需要结合上下文判断； 6.题型综合：句型转换要求原级 / 比较级 / 最高级互相改写，写作要求灵活使用比较句型。 小学考点梳理 考点一 形容词、副词基础定义与基础用法 1. 形容词（adj.） 修饰名词，放在名词前；或放在 be 动词后描述人 / 事物特征 例：a tall boy（修饰名词 boy）；The boy is tall.（be 后作表语） 常见形容词：tall, short, happy, big, small, good, bad 2. 副词（adv.） 修饰实义动词，说明动作的方式，大部分由形容词 + ly 构成 例：run quickly（quickly 修饰跑这个动作）；sing happily 基础变化规则：一般形容词直接加 ly slow→slowly 考点二 形容词 / 副词 规则比较级、最高级变形（单音节为主） 1.一般单词：直接 + er /est tall → taller → tallest；quick → quicker → quickest 2.以 e 结尾：只 + r /st nice → nicer → nicest；late → later → latest 3.辅音 + y 结尾：变 y 为 i + er /est happy → happier → happiest；easy → easier → easiest 4.重读闭音节（辅 + 元 + 辅结尾）：双写末尾字母 + er/est fat → fatter → fattest；big → bigger → biggest big → bigger → biggest；thin → thinner → thinnest；hot → hotter → hottest考点三 ×××× 考点三 小学不规则变化 原级 比较级 最高级 词性区分 good（形）/well（副） better best good 修饰名词；well 修饰动词 bad（形）/badly（副） worse worst 坏；糟糕地 many/much more most 多（many 可数，much 不可数） little less least 少（修饰不可数） 考点四 基础对比句型 1.两者比较：主语 + be / 动词 + 比较级 + than + 对比对象 He is taller than me. 他比我高。 She runs faster than him. 她跑得比他快。 2.三者及以上最高级：主语 + be + the + 最高级 + 范围（in + 地点） Tom is the tallest in our class. Tom 是班里最高的。 典例示范 1．—________ do you visit your grandfather? —Once a week. A．How many B．What time C．How many times 2．—________ does Kitty talk to her pen-friend in the UK? —________ the Internet. A．How, On B．What, At C．Which, For 3．The wind blows strongly. The windmill moves ________. A．quickly B．slow C．quick 4．The flowers dance in the wind ________. A．soft B．hard C．softly 5．Please walk ________. Sam is sleeping now. A．quiet B．quietly C．loudly 6．I will not watch ________ TV. A．too many B．too much C．too often 7．—________ does water come from? —It comes from the sea. A．What B．Where C．When 8．— ________ is he?   — He is on the second floor. A．Where B．When C．Who 即学即练习 1．The Noise Kingdom becomes (quiet). People do everything (quiet). 2．In winter, the wind is blowing (strong). 3．The firefighters are fighting with the fire (brave). 4．The Chens go to the supermarket (two) a month. 5．Lucy visits her grandparents (one) a week. At the Double Ninth Festival, she often (climb) mountains with them. 6．The wind blows (gentle), the windmill moves (slow). 7．English is very (use). We often (use) it to talk with foreigners. 8．Please run (quick).We have no time. 9．And the windmill moves (quick). 10． (lucky), no one is hurt. 易混易错 1．You should have a lot of water. You will be (good) soon. 2．—There is (heavy) rain today. —Yes. It is raining (heavy) now. 3．Your daughter is so (love). Everyone (love) her. 4．I can't hear you. It's very (noise) outside. 5．—What (be) the weather like yesterday? —It was (fog). 解题方略 1.看到 than → 比较级；看到 in/of all → 最高级； 2.横线后是名词，用形容词；横线修饰动词，用副词； 3.先看单词结尾，匹配对应 er/est 变形规则。 【基础通关】 一、单项选择 1．The rain is ______. People in the streets go home ______. A．heavy; quickly B．heavy; quick C．strongly; quickly 2．We can’t go out. The rain is ______ and the wind is blowing ______. A．heavy; strong B．heavy; strongly C．heavily; strongly 3．The cooked meat smells _______. A．nicely B．nice C．well 4．The wind is _______. We go out to the park. A．gently B．gentle C．softly 5．It does not taste _______ at all. A．well B．good C．badly 6．Water is very _______. A．use B．help C．useful 7．The wolf has _______. Little Red Riding Hood is very afraid. A．big sharp teeth B．sharp big teeth C．big sharp tooth D．sharp big tooth 8．This book is . I like it very much. A．interesting B．interested C．bored 9．I'm not feeling ________. I need a ________ rest. A．well, good B．good, good C．good, well 10．The wind is very ________. It blows the tree ________. A．strongly; up B．strong; down C．strongly; down 二、阅读理解 Read and choose the best answers. (阅读短文，选择正确的答案) The US Presidents' Pets President Bush's dogs often play on the lawn (草坪) of the White House, but do you know that he also has cows and a cat? These animals are part of a long history of the US presidential pets from horses and owls to snakes and elephants. President Bush's dogs are Barney and Miss Beazley. His cat is named India. India has lived with the Bush family for more than ten years! On his farm the President keeps a cow named Ofelia. Bush named Ofelia after a person who worked with him. Bush said that the cow was very friendly. The 26th president was famous for his pets. His six kids had snakes, dogs, cats, a badger, birds, guinea pigs and more. Almost every president likes pets. So other countries gave some pets to the US presidents as gifts. The 15th president received lots of elephants from Thailand. The 8th president got a pair of tigers. The 29th president and his family even had a birthday party for their dog Laddie Boy. 11．Barney is a name of a ________. A．horse B．snake C．cat D．dog 12．Bush family fed ________for over ten years. A．Miss Beazley B．Barney C．India D．Ofelia 13．How many kids did the 26th president have? A．One. B．Three. C．Five. D．Six. 14．Thailand gave________ to the 15th president as gifts. A．birds B．pigs C．tigers D．elephants 15．Which of the following is NOT true according to the passage? A．All the presidents' pets lived in the White House. B．Ofelia is the name of a person and a pet cow. C．The 26th president had a lot of pets. D．The 29th president had a birthday party for his pet dog. What do you know about the sea? Some people have seen it, but others haven’t. The sea looks beautiful on a fine sunny day and it can be very rough when there is a strong wind. The sea is very large. If you swim in the sea, you know that the sea is salty. Do you know the Dead Sea? It is too salty. And fish can’t live in it! Only one kind seaweed(海藻) and some bacteria(细菌) can live in the Dead Sea. 16．_____ people have seen the sea. A．All B．Both C．Some 17．The sea looks beautiful when _____. A．there is a strong wind B．it’s a fine sunny day C．it’s rough 18．The sea is very _____. A．big B．strong C．clean 19．The water in the sea is _____. A．bitter B．salty C．sweet 20．—What can live in the Dead Sea? —_____ can. A．Fish B．many kinds of seaweed C．Some bacteria 【培优提升】 一、选择题 1．Kitty and Alice are friends, but they are in _________. A．same class B．the different classes C．different classes 2．Oliver feels _______. A．bore B．boring C．bored 3．The Mona Lisa is the _______ famous painting. A．must B．best C．most 4．These butterflies are dancing ______. A．beautifully B．nice C．beautiful 5．We should do everything ______ in the reading room. A．quiet B．quietly C．do 6．—What is your ______ subject? —I like IT ______. A．best; very much B．favourite; best C．like; very well 7．—___________ does your father go to work? —By car. A．Where B．How C．What 8．Alice ________ every evening. A．walks home B．walks to home C．walk home 9．The fan is moving ________ .The wind is blowing ________ . A．quick, strongly B．slowly, gently C．slowly, gentle 10．My brother is lazy. He ________ gets up early. A．sometimes B．never C．always 二、阅读理解 America Black Bears America black bears are shy animals. They are cowardly by nature, and will usually run away if they see or hear people. Because of this, it can be difficult for scientists to learn about these animals. In order to study black bears, researchers from New Jersey, USA catch bears and use drugs to help them go to sleep. Researchers then work out the size and the weight of the bear, take blood to test for diseases, remove a tooth and take it to the lab to find out its age. From these studies, researchers want to find out how many bears live in New Jersey, how long they live, and how many babies they produce. But in Minnesota, USA, researchers study bears that are completely awake. The bears know the researchers' voices and they are not afraid of the research team. With the help of a few grapes to keep the bears busy, researchers can touch them to check their hearts, look at their teeth, and do other jobs. Researchers can also walk or sit with bears for hours and make videos to learn about their everyday lives. In both places, the main purpose is the same—to make sure there is a healthy population of black bears. But research methods and the kinds of information that researchers are able to collect are quite different. 11．We can learn that North American black bears are______ in Paragraph 1. A．shy and cowardly animals B．not found today C．well known to scientists D．not afraid of people 12．The word "remove" in Paragraph 2 probably means" ______ "in Chinese. A．拔下 B．移植 C．清洗 D．修补 13．Which of the following may NOT be included in the New Jersey studies on bears? A．The age. B．The way of their communication. C．The weight. D．The numbers of babies they produce. 14．In the Minnesota studies, researchers ______. A．can never get close to the bears B．study the bears while they are asleep C．use grapes to make the bears full D．learn a lot about the bears' everyday lives 15．What do the two studies have in common? A．Research places. B．The main purpose. C．Research methods. D．Collected information. Dolphins Can dolphins talk? Maybe they can't talk with words, but they talk with sounds. They show their feelings with sounds. Dolphins travel in group. We call a group of fish a "school". They don't study, but they travel together. Dolphins are mammals, not fish, but they swim together in a school. Dolphins talk to the other dolphins in the school. They give information. They tell when they are happy or sad or afraid. They say "Welcome" when a dolphin comes back to the school. They talk when they play. They make a few sounds above water. They make more sounds under water. People cannot hear these sounds because they are very, very high. Scientists make tapes of the sounds and study them. Sometimes people catch a dolphin for a large aquarium. People can watch the dolphins in a show. Dolphins don't like to be away from their school in an aquarium. They are sad and lonely. There are many stories about dolphins. They help people. Sometimes they save somebody's life. Dolphin meat is good, but people don't like to kill them. They say that dolphins bring good luck. Many people believe this. 16．A school of dolphins means ________. A．a zoo for dolphins B．a show by dolpgins C．a group of dolphins D．a library of dolphins 17．A dolphin feels ________ in an aquarium. A．afraid B．happy C．lucky D．sad and lonely 18．Which of the following is true? A．Dolphins talk with words. B．Dolphins always bring bad luck. C．Dolphins make more sounds under water. D．Dolphins are fish. 19．People can't hear the dolphins' sounds because they are ________. A．low B．high C．soft D．quiet 20．From the passage we know ________. A．Dolphins travel together B．Dolphins talk with words when they play C．Dolphins like to live in aquariums D．All people want to catch dolphins and eat them. 初中考点梳理 考点一 完整词性区分 1. 判定口诀 •名词前、be 动词 / 感官动词 (look/sound/smell/taste/feel) 后 → 形容词 例：The flower smells sweet.（smell 感官动词，后用形容词 sweet） •实义动词前后，修饰动作方式 → 副词 例：He looks at me sadly.（look 实义动词，用副词 sadly） 2. 高频感官动词（初中必考） look 看起来；sound 听起来；smell 闻起来；taste 尝起来；feel 摸起来 所有感官动词属于系动词，后面只能接形容词，禁止用副词 3. 特殊以 ly 结尾的形容词（极易混淆） friendly 友好的；lovely 可爱的；lively 活泼的；silly 傻的 以上单词是形容词，不能当作副词使用：a friendly teacher（√） 考点二 多音节单词的比较级最高级变形 判定标准：单词≥3 个音节，变形不加 er/est，加 more/most beautiful → more beautiful → most beautiful interesting → more interesting → most interesting dangerous → more dangerous → most dangerous 补充双音节词：以 ful/less/ing/ous 结尾，统一用 more/most careless → more careless → most careless 对比区分单音节 vs 多音节 short-shorter（单音节直接 er）；careful-more careful（多音节加 more） 补充：不规则变化表 原级 词性 & 释义 比较级 最高级 核心区分说明 good adj. 好的（修饰名词 / 系动词后） better best 只作形容词，不能修饰动作 well adv. 好地（修饰实义动词）；adj. 身体好 better best 1. 表 “做得好” 用 well2. 形容身体健康用 well bad adj. 坏的，差的 worse worst 形容词，修饰名词 badly adv. 糟糕地；严重地 worse worst 副词，修饰动作 many adj. 许多（+ 可数名词复数） more most 只能搭配可数复数 much adj./adv. 许多；非常（+ 不可数 / 修饰比较级） more most 搭配不可数名词；可修饰比较级 much bigger little adj. 少的（+ 不可数名词，表否定） less least 修饰不可数名词，little water 几乎没水 far adj./adv. 远的 farther / further farthest / furthest farther：侧重距离更远further：抽象含义 “进一步”（further study 深造） old adj. 年老的，旧的 older / elder oldest / eldest older：年龄 / 物品新旧对比elder：家庭成员长幼（elder sister 姐姐） 考点三 比较级高阶修饰词 可以放在比较级前加强程度：much, far, even, a lot much taller 高得多；far bigger 大得多；even better 甚至更好 注意：very、quite 只能修饰原级，不能修饰比较级 very tall（√）；very taller（×） 考点四 特殊句型 句型 1：the + 比较级，the + 比较级 越……，越…… The more you read, the better you will be. 你读得越多，就越好。 句型 2：比较级 + and + 比较级 越来越…… taller and taller 越来越高；more and more beautiful 越来越漂亮 句型 3：enough 位置规则（固定后置） 形容词 / 副词 + enough；enough + 名词 old enough 足够大；fast enough 足够快；enough water 足够的水 考点五 最高级范围 1.in + 地点范围：the tallest in the school 2.of + 同类人 / 物：the thinnest of the three girls 3.one of the + 形容词最高级 + 名词复数 one of the most famous writers 最有名的作家之一 考点六 易混形容词 & 副词辨析 hard hard (adj.) 困难的；坚硬的 → The question is hard. 这道题很难。 hard (adv.) 努力地；猛烈地 → Study hard. 努力学习；rain hard 下大雨 late late (adj.) 迟到的，晚的 → be late for school 上学迟到 late (adv.) 晚，迟 → get up late 起床很晚 early early (adj.) 早的 → an early bus 早班车 early (adv.) 提早 → go to bed early 早睡 考点七 副词句法位置 ①频率副词（always, usually, often, sometimes, seldom, never） 核心位置口诀：be 后，实义动词前，助动词后 句子含 be 动词（am/is/are/was/were）→ 放 be 动词后面 例：She is always busy. 她总是很忙。 They are never late. 他们从不迟到。 句子只有实义动词 → 放实义动词前面 例：I often get up at seven. 我经常七点起床。 He seldom plays computer games. 他很少玩电脑游戏。 句子有助动词（can/will/do/does/did/have）→ 放助动词与实义动词中间 例：You must never give up. 你永远不能放弃。 I don’t usually watch TV. 我平时不看电视。 sometimes 特殊：位置灵活，可句首、句中、句尾 Sometimes I walk to school. I sometimes walk to school. I walk to school sometimes. ②方式副词（slowly, quietly, happily, carefully, quickly） 表动作“怎样做”，绝大多数放句子末尾；动词 + 宾语结构，放宾语后。 不及物动词（无宾语）：动词后 He runs quickly. 及物动词 + 宾语：宾语之后 She does her homework carefully.（√） She does carefully her homework.（×） 宾语过长时，可提前至动词前 He slowly walked across the street. ③程度副词（very, quite, too, so, much, even, far） 修饰形容词、其他副词，只能放在被修饰词前面 very beautiful 非常漂亮 too fast 太快 much better 好得多 even taller 甚至更高 ⚠️特殊：enough 永远后置 tall enough 足够高（enough tall ×） ④地点副词（here, there, home, outside, inside）、时间副词（today, yesterday, now） 统一放句末；同时出现地点 + 时间，遵循「地点在前，时间在后」 We play outside every afternoon. They go home early today. ⑤多个副词同时出现排序规则 排序公式：程度 → 方式 → 地点 → 时间 例句：She sings very beautifully in the hall every night. very（程度）→ beautifully（方式）→ in the hall（地点）→ every night（时间） 典例示范 1．Bob isn’t ________ at soccer, but he plays volleyball ________. A．well; good B．good; good C．well; well D．good; well 2．David has a ________ eating habit and he eats ________. A．well; good B．well; well C．good; well D．good; good 3．On his way ________, he met an accident. A．to home B．for home C．back to home D．home 4．As a kind and helpful boy, Tom is ________ ready to give others a hand. A．never B．hardly C．seldom D．always 5．It takes me about 15 minutes ________ there. A．walk B．to walk C．walk to D．to walk to 即学即练习 1．Kelly runs ________ (quick) to her mother at the airport to give her a hug. 2．If you drive _________, you will be a great danger to others. (care) 3．Kitty has piano lessons ________ a week. (two) 4．All students should take part in class discussions ______ (active) instead of keeping quiet. 5．We sat ______ (comfortable) on the sofa and watched a movie. 6．His plays are still ________ performed in the U.S. (wide) 7．He ________ refused the invitation to the party. (polite) 8．Kitty feels ________ sorry for leaving her homework at home. (real) 9．Which subject do you like ________ among them? (many) 10．________, Tom passed the exam (考试). (final) 11．Jason was ________ (surprise) to see his old friend Mike there. 12．Lisa’s school life is ________ (interest) and full of fun. 13．Please don’t be ______ (noise) in the library—everyone is reading. 14．Fresh fruit and vegetables form an important part of a(n) ________ diet. (health) 15．Horses are ________ because they let me ride on their backs. (friend) 易混易错 1．He runs much ________ than anyone else. A．quickly B．quick C．quickest D．more quickly 2．Lily is a good student. She always goes to school at 6:30 and she is ________ late for school. A．never B．always C．usually D．sometimes 3．I haven’t been to Shanghai Zoo yet. I ________ there next Sunday. A．go B．will go to C．am going D．am going to 4．He is doing his homework as __________ as his friend. A．careful B．carefully C．more careful D．more carefully 5．Kitty talked ___________ in the classroom yesterday afternoon. A．loud B．loudly C．quietly D．quiet 解题方略 1.先判断修饰对象：名词 / 系动词后用形容词；实义动词用副词； 2.单词≥3 音节，比较级加 more，最高级加 most； 3.看到 much/far/even，后面必接比较级；very 后只能用原级； 4.enough 口诀：形副放后面，名词放前面； 5.one of 题型直接锁定 the + 最高级 + 复数名词； 6.hard 表努力，hardly 表几乎不，根据语境区分。 【基础通关】 一、单项选择 1．The pizza you make looks so ________. Would you please tell me how to make it? A．bad B．good C．well D．badly 2．Doing warm-up exercises can help us stay ________ before playing. A．save B．safe C．safely D．safety 3．The students on duty always go around the school to keep it ________. A．cleaning B．clean C．cleaned D．to clean 4．It’s ________ to work together than to work alone. A．quick B．quicker C．more quick D．quickly 5．The washing machine makes washing clothes ________ for us in modern life. A．difficulty B．easy C．easily D．difficult 6．If you want to stay ________, you need to eat more vegetables and do exercise every day. A．healthy B．health C．healthily D．unhealthy 7．What is the price of a ________ children’s ticket to Disneyland? A．two day B．two-day C．two days D．two-days 8．The mutton tastes ________. Can I have more? A．good B．nicely C．bad D．badly 9．When I realized the foolish mistake I made, I felt rather ________. A．bravely B．embarrassed C．happily D．relaxed 10．Henry is ________ to take part in the marathon race. A．enough healthy B．enough health C．healthy enough D．health enough 二、完成句子 11．Students usually rest for 15 minutes after each class. (保持句意基本不变) Students usually have a ________ ________ after each class. 12．Ben likes History best. (保持句意不变) History is Ben’s ________ ________. 13．Li Bailing is a girl. Li Bailing is twelve years old. (合并为一句) Li Bailing is ________________. 14．It’s 2 hours’ walk from my house to the park. (保持句意基本不变) It’s ________ ________ walk from my house to the park. 15．Tony’s diet is healthy. David’s diet is healthy, too.(保持句意基本不变) Tony’s diet is ________ ________ as David’s. 三、选词填空 将下列单词或词组填入空格。每词只能填一次，用A、B、C、D、E、F等编号，写在答题纸上。 A．having fun  B．tidying  C． After  D．Before  E. clean  F. because Every Saturday, my family and I love 16 our flat. We all like it 17 it looks like a game. We want to see who can 18 our own place in a short time. I usually get to the bedroom, and I put away toys and books quickly. My little sister laughs as she sweeps the floor. 19 we finish, we take photos of our clean home. Doing housework makes us proud (自豪的). It is about teamwork and 20 together in our flat. 四、完形填空 Mr. Jason is very rich and he likes delicious food. He had a 21 cook, Mr. Black. The man could cook all kinds of food. His wife asked him to 22 her to cook last month. Now she thinks she is good at cooking and doesn’t want Mr. Black to 23 for them any longer. Now Mrs. Jason begins to cook for her family, but Mr. Jason doesn’t like her food at all. He says he won’t eat any food at home if she doesn’t 24 cooking. The woman says she’ll look for another cook. The man has to wait. This morning Mr. Jason broke a window in a shop. They took him to the 25 . The policeman said, “I’ll fine you ten dollars, 26 you’ll stay in prison (监狱).” “I’ll stay in prison.” answered the rich man. “Why?” “Because my wife will find a cook in ten days.” 21．A．young B．strong C．good D．poor 22．A．teach B．show C．study D．fry 23．A．sing B．play C．write D．work 24．A．like B．learn C．stop D．enjoy 25．A．bus station B．police station C．post office D．primary school 26．A．and B．or C．so D．but 【培优提升】 一、单项选择 1．Through his hard work, he got a much ________ score in the math test and he was more confident in study. A．high B．the highest C．higher D．highest 2．Joe likes eating sweet food very much. He is becoming ________. A．fat and fat B．fatter and fatter C．fat and fatter D．more and more fat 3．The new cartoon is one of ________ I have ever seen. A．the greatest film B．the great film C．the greatest films D．greatest film 4．—Which river is ________ of the two, the Yellow River or the Yangtze River? —The Yangtze River. And it is the ________ river in China. A．longer, longest B．longer, longer C．longest, longer D．longest, longest 5．Shanghai is one of ________ cities in the world. A．big B．bigger C．biggest D．the biggest 6．The boy is ________ to ride the bike on his own. A．old enough B．enough old C．young enough D．enough young 7．Do you think you could swim _________ to win the competition, Helen? A．quick enough B．quickly enough C．enough quickly 8．My niece is six years old. She is ________ to enter the primary school. A．so old B．very old C．old enough 9．Jack did badly at the school sports meeting. I did even ________. A．worse B．worst C．more bad D．more badly 10．Now my family has ______ to buy a new flat, which is ________ for six people to live in. A．money enough; big enough B．enough money; enough big C．enough money; big enough D．money enough; enough big 二、选词填空 将下列单词或词组填入空格。每词只能填一次，用A、B、C、D、E、F等编号，写在答题纸上。 将下列单词填入空格。每空格限填一词，每词填一次。 A．performances    B．famous    C． offer    D．served    E. buildings    F. guide The Huangpu River is a must-see for most tourists. You enjoy the “museum of international architecture (建筑风格) on the Bund” and the skyline of Lujiazui in Pudong. You can have a close look at the 11 Shanghai Oriental TV Tower and the magnificent (壮丽的) Jinmao Building. You can also see videos, sing songs or watch wonderful 12 on the boat. Tea and coffee are 13 during the trip. The tour 14 will tell you something about Shanghai’s today and yesterday both in Chinese and in English. We 15 different boat tours along the river every day. You are sure to have a good time. 三、完形填空 Today, people like to send postcards to their friends and family. These postcards often 16 pictures of beaches, mountains or castles on them and you 17 write a message on the back. Many people send postcards when they are on holiday 18 postcards are cheap and pictures on them are often 19 than people’s own photos. Somebody sent the first postcard at the end of the nineteenth century. It had a picture of a town by the sea on it. Later on, postcards had pictures showing something in the 20 that week, perhaps an accident (事故) or an important person’s visit. People 21 to see them because they did not have pictures in their newspapers then. 16．A．put B．have C．draw D．show 17．A．can B．must C．should D．shall 18．A．so B．and C．but D．because 19．A．better B．bigger C．smaller D．worse 20．A．city B．shop C．news D．country 21．A．talked B．liked C．had D．came 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 衔接点03 形容词、副词（小初考点差异及衔接） 小学视角 初中展望 1. 认识形容词修饰名词、副词修饰动词； 2. 掌握单音节规则比较级、最高级变化； 3. 熟记 5 组不规则变形（good/well/bad 等）； 4. 基础句型：A is + 比较级 + than B； 5. 简单标志词 tall-taller-tallest，题型仅单词变形填空； 6. 不接触多音节词、比较级修饰词、副词位置、系动词陷阱。 1. 完整区分形容词、副词句法位置，系动词后只用形容词； 2. 全覆盖变形：单音节、双音节、多音节（more/most）； 3. 不规则变形拓展，区分 good（形）/well（副）词义； 4. 高阶比较句型：much/far/even 修饰比较级、the + 比较级，the + 比较级； 5. 易混同根形副词辨析：slow/slowly、quick/quickly； 6. 形容词名词化、enough 位置、最高级 in/of 范围句型； 7. 综合考察：完形词义辨析、语法选择、选词填空、书面表达。 衔接引导 小学阶段： 只学习短单词规则变形，做题依靠单词结尾提示（tall 直接 + er），句子结构简单，只考 than 基础对比句，不区分形副词混用陷阱，题目提示明显，无语境辨析，机械记忆即可得分。 初中阶段： 形容词副词是完形、语法词意类选择高频失分点，难点集中叠加： 1.变形体系扩容：多音节词必须加 more/most，极易和单音节混淆； 2.词性区分陷阱：系动词后只能用形容词，实义动词后用副词，初中必考； 3.比较级高阶修饰：much taller、far bigger ； 4.特殊句型：the more…the better…、enough 后置； 5.词义辨析：同根形容词、副词混用，需要结合上下文判断； 6.题型综合：句型转换要求原级 / 比较级 / 最高级互相改写，写作要求灵活使用比较句型。 小学考点梳理 考点一 形容词、副词基础定义与基础用法 1. 形容词（adj.） 修饰名词，放在名词前；或放在 be 动词后描述人 / 事物特征 例：a tall boy（修饰名词 boy）；The boy is tall.（be 后作表语） 常见形容词：tall, short, happy, big, small, good, bad 2. 副词（adv.） 修饰实义动词，说明动作的方式，大部分由形容词 + ly 构成 例：run quickly（quickly 修饰跑这个动作）；sing happily 基础变化规则：一般形容词直接加 ly slow→slowly 考点二 形容词 / 副词 规则比较级、最高级变形（单音节为主） 1.一般单词：直接 + er /est tall → taller → tallest；quick → quicker → quickest 2.以 e 结尾：只 + r /st nice → nicer → nicest；late → later → latest 3.辅音 + y 结尾：变 y 为 i + er /est happy → happier → happiest；easy → easier → easiest 4.重读闭音节（辅 + 元 + 辅结尾）：双写末尾字母 + er/est fat → fatter → fattest；big → bigger → biggest big → bigger → biggest；thin → thinner → thinnest；hot → hotter → hottest考点三 ×××× 考点三 小学不规则变化 原级 比较级 最高级 词性区分 good（形）/well（副） better best good 修饰名词；well 修饰动词 bad（形）/badly（副） worse worst 坏；糟糕地 many/much more most 多（many 可数，much 不可数） little less least 少（修饰不可数） 考点四 基础对比句型 1.两者比较：主语 + be / 动词 + 比较级 + than + 对比对象 He is taller than me. 他比我高。 She runs faster than him. 她跑得比他快。 2.三者及以上最高级：主语 + be + the + 最高级 + 范围（in + 地点） Tom is the tallest in our class. Tom 是班里最高的。 典例示范 1．—________ do you visit your grandfather? —Once a week. A．How many B．What time C．How many times 【答案】C 【详解】句意：—你……去看望你爷爷……？—一周一次。根据答语句意，表示次数，用how many times多久一次引导，A多少，B几点，C多久一次，故选C. 2．—________ does Kitty talk to her pen-friend in the UK? —________ the Internet. A．How, On B．What, At C．Which, For 【答案】A 【详解】句意：基蒂是……跟她英国的笔友交谈的？——在互联网上。提问方式方法疑问词用how，在互联网上介词用on，故答案为A。 【点评】考查疑问词和介词辨析，识记疑问词和介词意思及用法。 3．The wind blows strongly. The windmill moves ________. A．quickly B．slow C．quick 【答案】A 【详解】句意：风很大。风车_____转动。这里修饰动词moves，用副词，B选项和C选项都是形容词，不合适，只有A选项是副词。故选A。 4．The flowers dance in the wind ________. A．soft B．hard C．softly 【答案】C 【详解】句意：花儿_____在风中翩翩起舞。副词修饰动词，A轻柔的，是形容词，B难的，形容词，C轻柔地，副词，故选C。 5．Please walk ________. Sam is sleeping now. A．quiet B．quietly C．loudly 【答案】B 【详解】句意：请安静地走。萨姆现在正在睡觉。A安静的，是形容词；B安静地，是副词；C大声地，是副词。副词修饰动词，所以A不符合题意；根据题意，故选B。 6．I will not watch ________ TV. A．too many B．too much C．too often 【答案】B 【详解】句意：我将不会看太多电视。句中watch为动词，应用副词修饰，结合选项B符合题意，故选B。 7．—________ does water come from? —It comes from the sea. A．What B．Where C．When 【答案】B 【详解】Where does water come from?水来自哪里？It comes from the sea.它来自海里。 8．— ________ is he?   — He is on the second floor. A．Where B．When C．Who 【答案】A 【详解】Where is he？他在哪？He is on the second floor.他在二楼。 即学即练习 1．The Noise Kingdom becomes (quiet). People do everything (quiet). 【答案】 quiet quietly 【详解】句意：噪音王国变得安静。人们做事都很安静。quiet安静的，形容词。第一空become是系动词，后接形容词作表语；第二空中，修饰动词do，副词修饰动词，quiet的副词形式quietly。 2．In winter, the wind is blowing (strong). 【答案】strongly 【详解】句意：在冬天，风正猛烈地吹。本题考查副词的用法。strong形容词，猛烈的，这里用副词修饰动词blow，strongly副词，猛烈地，故答案为strongly。 3．The firefighters are fighting with the fire (brave). 【答案】bravely 【详解】句意：消防员们正在勇敢地与大火搏斗。本题考查副词的用法。brave形容词，勇敢的，这里用副词修饰动词，bravely副词，勇敢地，故答案为bravely。 4．The Chens go to the supermarket (two) a month. 【答案】twice 【详解】句意：陈家一个月去两次超市。本题考查频度副词，根据句意，可知一个月去两次超市，两次是twice，故答案为twice。 5．Lucy visits her grandparents (one) a week. At the Double Ninth Festival, she often (climb) mountains with them. 【答案】 once climbs 【详解】句意：露西一周看望她的祖父母一次。在重阳节，她经常和他们一起去爬山。本题考查副词辨析和动词的形式。根据句意及所给单词可知第一空是once一次，根据often可知句子是一般现在时，主语是第三人称单数，动词也用第三人称单数climbs，故答案为once，climbs。 6．The wind blows (gentle), the windmill moves (slow). 【答案】 gently slowly 【详解】句意：风轻轻地吹着，风车慢慢地移动。本题考查副词的用法，blows吹，moves移动，都是实义动词，后接副词作状语，gentle温和的，其副词是gently；slow缓慢的，其副词为slowly。故答案为gently，slowly。 7．English is very (use). We often (use) it to talk with foreigners. 【答案】 useful use 【详解】句意：英语很有用。我们经常用它跟外国人交谈。第一空做表语，故用形容词形式useful，第二空根据often可知该句是一般现在时态，主语是复数人称，故用动词原形，故答案为useful；use。 8．Please run (quick).We have no time. 【答案】quickly 【详解】句意：请快点跑。我们没有时间了。该空修饰实意动词run，故用副词形式quickly，故答案为quickly。 9．And the windmill moves (quick). 【答案】quickly 【详解】句意：风车移动很快。该空需要一个副词来修饰动词moves，quick对应的副词为quickly，故答案为quickly。 10． (lucky), no one is hurt. 【答案】Luckily 【详解】句意：幸运的是，没有人受伤。no one is hurt没有人受伤，是个完整的句子，前面需要副词修饰，lucky是形容词，其副词是luckily。故答案为Luckily。 易混易错 1．You should have a lot of water. You will be (good) soon. 【答案】better 【详解】句意：你应该多喝水。你很快就会好起来的。本题考查形容词比较级。根据句意可知该空用比较级，good的比较级为better好转的，故答案为better。 2．—There is (heavy) rain today. —Yes. It is raining (heavy) now. 【答案】 heavy heavily 【详解】句意：—今天有大雨。—是的，现在雨下得很大。根据题意和所给的单词，可知heavy是形容词，副词为heavily，形容词heavy修饰名词rain，副词heavily修饰动词raining，故答案为heavy；heavily。 3．Your daughter is so (love). Everyone (love) her. 【答案】 lovely loves 【详解】句意：你的女儿很可爱。每个人都喜欢她。根据题意，可知该空考查love的形容词lovely（可爱的）；根据题意，可知句子为一般现在时，主语Everyone是第三人称单数，谓语动词也为第三人称单数，love的第三人称单数为loves，故答案为lovely；loves。 4．I can't hear you. It's very (noise) outside. 【答案】noisy 【详解】句意：我听不清你说话。外面太吵了。noise吵闹，前面是系动词is，故后面用形容词形式做表语，noise-noisy，故答案为noisy。 5．—What (be) the weather like yesterday? —It was (fog). 【答案】 was foggy 【详解】句意：——昨天天气怎么样？——天有雾。根据句中的yesterday，可知句子为一般过去时，主语the weather是单数，be动词为is的过去式was，第一空为was；第二空为fog的形容词foggy有雾的，故答案为was；foggy。 解题方略 1.看到 than → 比较级；看到 in/of all → 最高级； 2.横线后是名词，用形容词；横线修饰动词，用副词； 3.先看单词结尾，匹配对应 er/est 变形规则。 【基础通关】 一、单项选择 1．The rain is ______. People in the streets go home ______. A．heavy; quickly B．heavy; quick C．strongly; quickly 【答案】A 【详解】句意：雨下得大。街道上的人们快速地回家。本题考查形容词的用法和副词的用法。heavy形容词，猛烈的，strongly副词，强烈地，be动词is后面跟形容词，heavy符合题意。quickly副词，快速地，quick形容词，快速的，这里用副词修饰动词短语go home，故选A。 2．We can’t go out. The rain is ______ and the wind is blowing ______. A．heavy; strong B．heavy; strongly C．heavily; strongly 【答案】B 【详解】句意：我们不能出去了。雨下得很大，风也刮得很厉害。本题考查形容词的用法和副词的用法。heavy大量的，形容词；heavily大量地，副词；strong猛烈的，形容词；strongly猛烈地，副词。be动词is后跟形容词作表语，第一个空要用heavy；blowing吹，是动词的现在分词，后面要用副词修饰，第二个空用strongly，故选B。 3．The cooked meat smells _______. A．nicely B．nice C．well 【答案】B 【详解】句意：熟肉闻起来很好。A很好地，副词；B好的，形容词；C好，副词。smells是系动词，横线处填形容词，故选B。 4．The wind is _______. We go out to the park. A．gently B．gentle C．softly 【答案】B 【详解】句意：风很柔和。我们去公园。A柔和地，副词；B柔和的，形容词；C柔软地，副词。根据is可知横线处填形容词，故选B。 5．It does not taste _______ at all. A．well B．good C．badly 【答案】B 【解析】句意：尝起来一点不好吃，taste是感官动词，根据句意可知不好吃，故选B。 6．Water is very _______. A．use B．help C．useful 【答案】C 【解析】句意：水非常有用，be是感官动词，根据句意可知是有用的，故选C。 7．The wolf has _______. Little Red Riding Hood is very afraid. A．big sharp teeth B．sharp big teeth C．big sharp tooth D．sharp big tooth 【答案】A 【详解】句意是：这只狼有 。小红帽非常害怕。A又大又锋利的牙齿；B又锋利又大的牙齿；C又大又锋利的牙齿；D又锋利又大的牙齿。牙齿不止一个，故应该用复数形式。排除C和D。多个形容词修饰名词的顺序为：表示大小的形容词在前，表示形状的形容词在后。故选A。 8．This book is . I like it very much. A．interesting B．interested C．bored 【答案】A 【详解】句意：这本书......我非常喜欢它。根据后句句意，喜欢书，表示书有趣，选项A有趣的，形容事物，选项B有趣的，形容人，选项C无聊的，故选A. 9．I'm not feeling ________. I need a ________ rest. A．well, good B．good, good C．good, well 【答案】A 【详解】句意：我感觉不......。我需要......休息。good，好的，指品质或质量；well，作形容词解释为好的，指身体方面。第一句话跟在实义动词feel“感觉”后面，用well, 第二句做rest“休息”的定语，用good. 故答案为A. 10．The wind is very ________. It blows the tree ________. A．strongly; up B．strong; down C．strongly; down 【答案】B 【详解】句意：风很_____。它把树吹_____了。be+形容词，修饰名词wind，用strong，强烈的。blow down，吹倒。故选B。 二、阅读理解 Read and choose the best answers. (阅读短文，选择正确的答案) The US Presidents' Pets President Bush's dogs often play on the lawn (草坪) of the White House, but do you know that he also has cows and a cat? These animals are part of a long history of the US presidential pets from horses and owls to snakes and elephants. President Bush's dogs are Barney and Miss Beazley. His cat is named India. India has lived with the Bush family for more than ten years! On his farm the President keeps a cow named Ofelia. Bush named Ofelia after a person who worked with him. Bush said that the cow was very friendly. The 26th president was famous for his pets. His six kids had snakes, dogs, cats, a badger, birds, guinea pigs and more. Almost every president likes pets. So other countries gave some pets to the US presidents as gifts. The 15th president received lots of elephants from Thailand. The 8th president got a pair of tigers. The 29th president and his family even had a birthday party for their dog Laddie Boy. 11．Barney is a name of a ________. A．horse B．snake C．cat D．dog 12．Bush family fed ________for over ten years. A．Miss Beazley B．Barney C．India D．Ofelia 13．How many kids did the 26th president have? A．One. B．Three. C．Five. D．Six. 14．Thailand gave________ to the 15th president as gifts. A．birds B．pigs C．tigers D．elephants 15．Which of the following is NOT true according to the passage? A．All the presidents' pets lived in the White House. B．Ofelia is the name of a person and a pet cow. C．The 26th president had a lot of pets. D．The 29th president had a birthday party for his pet dog. 【答案】11．D 12．C 13．D 14．D 15．A 【导语】本文介绍了美国总统的宠物。 【详解】11．句意：巴尼是______的名字。A马，B蛇，C猫，D狗，根据President Bush's dogs are Barney and Miss Beazley.，可知巴尼是狗的名字，故选D。 12．句意：布什家族养活了______十多年。根据India has lived with the Bush family for more than ten years!，可知布什家族养活了India十多年，故选C。 13．句意：第26任总统有多少个孩子？A一个。B三个。C五个。D六个。根据The 26th president was famous for his pets. His six kids had snakes, dogs, cats, a badger, birds, guinea pigs and more.，可知第26任总统有六个孩子，故选D。 14．句意：泰国给第15任总统______作为礼物。A鸟，B猪，C老虎，D大象，根据The 15th president received lots of elephants from Thailand.，可知泰国给第15任总统大象作为礼物，故选D。 15．句意：根据文章，下列哪项是不正确的？A所有总统的宠物都住在白宫。B Ofelia是一个人和一头宠物牛的名字。C第26任总统养了很多宠物。D第29任总统为他的宠物狗举行了生日派对。根据全文可知A项不正确，故选A。 What do you know about the sea? Some people have seen it, but others haven’t. The sea looks beautiful on a fine sunny day and it can be very rough when there is a strong wind. The sea is very large. If you swim in the sea, you know that the sea is salty. Do you know the Dead Sea? It is too salty. And fish can’t live in it! Only one kind seaweed(海藻) and some bacteria(细菌) can live in the Dead Sea. 16．_____ people have seen the sea. A．All B．Both C．Some 17．The sea looks beautiful when _____. A．there is a strong wind B．it’s a fine sunny day C．it’s rough 18．The sea is very _____. A．big B．strong C．clean 19．The water in the sea is _____. A．bitter B．salty C．sweet 20．—What can live in the Dead Sea? —_____ can. A．Fish B．many kinds of seaweed C．Some bacteria 【答案】16．C 17．B 18．A 19．B 20．C 【导语】本文主要介绍了大海在天气晴朗时看起来很美以及大海很大、海水很咸等。 16．句意：______人见过大海。A所有，B两者，C一些。根据“Some people have seen it, but others haven’t. ”可知一些人见过大海。故选C。 17．句意：______的时候大海看起来很美。A风很大，B天气晴朗，C天气恶劣。根据“The sea looks beautiful on a fine sunny day and it can be very rough when there is a strong wind.在晴朗的日子里，大海看起来很美丽，当刮起大风时，海水可能会很汹涌。”可知在晴朗的日子里，大海看起来很美丽。故选B。 18．句意：海很______。A大的，B强壮的，C干净的。根据“The sea is very large. ”可知海很大。故选A。 19．句意：海水是______。A苦的，B咸的，C甜的。根据“It is too salty. ”可知海水是咸的。故选B。 20．句意：—死海里什么能生存？—______能。A鱼，B多种海藻，C一些细菌。根据“Only one kind seaweed(海藻) and some bacteria(细菌) can live in the Dead Sea.可知只有一种海藻和一些细菌可以生活在死海。”故选C。 【培优提升】 一、选择题 1．Kitty and Alice are friends, but they are in _________. A．same class B．the different classes C．different classes 【答案】C 【详解】句意：基蒂和爱丽丝是朋友，但他们在_____。选项A表达错误，same class前要加定冠词the；选项B表达错误，复数名词different classes前不加定冠词the；选项C不同的教室。根据but可知选项C符合题意，故选C。 2．Oliver feels _______. A．bore B．boring C．bored 【答案】C 【详解】句意：奥利弗感觉无聊。feel+形容词，表示感觉怎么样，修饰人用bored，修饰物用boring，故选C。 3．The Mona Lisa is the _______ famous painting. A．must B．best C．most 【答案】C 【详解】句意：蒙娜丽莎是最组名的油画。famous的最高级在前面加the most最著名的，故选C。 4．These butterflies are dancing ______. A．beautifully B．nice C．beautiful 【答案】A 【详解】句意：这些蝴蝶正在优美地跳舞。本题考查副词的用法。空格处需填入修饰动词“dancing”的副词，表示动作的方式。选项A(beautifully)是副词，符合语法要求；选项B和C均为形容词，不能直接修饰动词。故选A。 5．We should do everything ______ in the reading room. A．quiet B．quietly C．do 【答案】B 【详解】句意：我们应该在阅览室里安静地做每件事。本题考查副词的用法。A安静的，形容词；B安静地，副词；C做，动词。句中do是动词，要用副词修饰，故选B。 6．—What is your ______ subject? —I like IT ______. A．best; very much B．favourite; best C．like; very well 【答案】B 【详解】句意：—你最喜欢的科目是什么？—我最喜欢信息技术课。本题考查形容词的用法，副词的最高级和副词的用法。subject科目，形容词修饰名词做定语，best是副词well的最高级形式，用来修饰动词like，表示程度，故选B。 7．—___________ does your father go to work? —By car. A．Where B．How C．What 【答案】B 【详解】句意：— 你的爸爸怎样去上班？—乘自行车。对方式提问用疑问词how，A.哪里，B.怎样，C.什么，根据题意，故选B。 8．Alice ________ every evening. A．walks home B．walks to home C．walk home 【答案】A 【详解】句意：爱丽丝每天晚上_____。根据时间这是经常性动作，时态用一般现在时，句子主语是第三人称单数，谓语动词用单三形式，C选项是动词原形，错误。步行回家是短语“walk home”。B选项错误。故答案为A。 9．The fan is moving ________ .The wind is blowing ________ . A．quick, strongly B．slowly, gently C．slowly, gentle 【答案】B 【解析】句意：风扇缓缓转动，风轻柔地吹拂。都是用副词修饰动词，故选B。 10．My brother is lazy. He ________ gets up early. A．sometimes B．never C．always 【答案】B 【详解】句意：我的哥哥很懒。他________早起。本题考查频度副词，A有时，B从不，C总是。根据句意可知B选项符合题意，故选B。 二、阅读理解 America Black Bears America black bears are shy animals. They are cowardly by nature, and will usually run away if they see or hear people. Because of this, it can be difficult for scientists to learn about these animals. In order to study black bears, researchers from New Jersey, USA catch bears and use drugs to help them go to sleep. Researchers then work out the size and the weight of the bear, take blood to test for diseases, remove a tooth and take it to the lab to find out its age. From these studies, researchers want to find out how many bears live in New Jersey, how long they live, and how many babies they produce. But in Minnesota, USA, researchers study bears that are completely awake. The bears know the researchers' voices and they are not afraid of the research team. With the help of a few grapes to keep the bears busy, researchers can touch them to check their hearts, look at their teeth, and do other jobs. Researchers can also walk or sit with bears for hours and make videos to learn about their everyday lives. In both places, the main purpose is the same—to make sure there is a healthy population of black bears. But research methods and the kinds of information that researchers are able to collect are quite different. 11．We can learn that North American black bears are______ in Paragraph 1. A．shy and cowardly animals B．not found today C．well known to scientists D．not afraid of people 12．The word "remove" in Paragraph 2 probably means" ______ "in Chinese. A．拔下 B．移植 C．清洗 D．修补 13．Which of the following may NOT be included in the New Jersey studies on bears? A．The age. B．The way of their communication. C．The weight. D．The numbers of babies they produce. 14．In the Minnesota studies, researchers ______. A．can never get close to the bears B．study the bears while they are asleep C．use grapes to make the bears full D．learn a lot about the bears' everyday lives 15．What do the two studies have in common? A．Research places. B．The main purpose. C．Research methods. D．Collected information. 【答案】11．A 12．A 13．B 14．D 15．B 【导语】本文介绍了美国黑熊的特征和美国两地对黑熊的研究。 11．句意：我们可以在第一段中了解到北美黑熊是____。根据短文内容America black bears are shy animals. They are cowardly by nature, and will usually run away if they see or hear people.美国黑熊是害羞的动物。他们生性懦弱，如果看到或听到人，通常会逃跑。可知shy and cowardly animals害羞和懦弱的动物，符合题意，故选A。 12．句意：第二段中的“remove”一词在中文中可能是____的意思。根据短文内容Researchers then work out the size and the weight of the bear, take blood to test for diseases, remove a tooth and take it to the lab to find out its age. 然后，研究人员计算出熊的大小和重量，抽血检测疾病，拔掉一颗牙齿并将其带到实验室以查明它的年龄。可知拔下，符合题意，故选A。 13．句意：以下哪一项可能不包括在新泽西州对熊的研究中？根据短文内容From these studies, researchers want to find out how many bears live in New Jersey, how long they live, and how many babies they produce.从这些研究中，研究人员想知道新泽西有多少熊，它们活了多久，以及它们生了多少婴儿。可知The way of their communication.它们的交流方式。符合题意，故选B。 14．句意：在明尼苏达州的研究中，研究人员____。根据短文内容But in Minnesota, USA, researchers study bears that are completely awake. The bears know the researchers' voices and they are not afraid of the research team. With the help of a few grapes to keep the bears busy, researchers can touch them to check their hearts, look at their teeth, and do other jobs. Researchers can also walk or sit with bears for hours and make videos to learn about their everyday lives.但在美国明尼苏达州，研究人员研究的是完全清醒的熊。熊知道研究人员的声音，它们不怕研究团队。在一些葡萄的帮助下让熊忙碌起来，研究人员可以触摸它们来检查它们的心脏、检查它们的牙齿以及做其他工作。研究人员还可以与熊一起走或坐几个小时，并制作视频来了解它们的日常生活。可知learn a lot about the bears' everyday lives了解熊的日常生活，符合题意，故选D。 15．句意：这两项研究有什么共同点？根据短文内容In both places, the main purpose is the same—to make sure there is a healthy population of black bears. But research methods and the kinds of information that researchers are able to collect are quite different.在这两个地方，主要目的是相同的——确保有健康的黑熊种群。但是研究方法和研究人员能够收集的信息种类是完全不同的。可知The main purpose.主要的目的。符合题意，故选B。 Dolphins Can dolphins talk? Maybe they can't talk with words, but they talk with sounds. They show their feelings with sounds. Dolphins travel in group. We call a group of fish a "school". They don't study, but they travel together. Dolphins are mammals, not fish, but they swim together in a school. Dolphins talk to the other dolphins in the school. They give information. They tell when they are happy or sad or afraid. They say "Welcome" when a dolphin comes back to the school. They talk when they play. They make a few sounds above water. They make more sounds under water. People cannot hear these sounds because they are very, very high. Scientists make tapes of the sounds and study them. Sometimes people catch a dolphin for a large aquarium. People can watch the dolphins in a show. Dolphins don't like to be away from their school in an aquarium. They are sad and lonely. There are many stories about dolphins. They help people. Sometimes they save somebody's life. Dolphin meat is good, but people don't like to kill them. They say that dolphins bring good luck. Many people believe this. 16．A school of dolphins means ________. A．a zoo for dolphins B．a show by dolpgins C．a group of dolphins D．a library of dolphins 17．A dolphin feels ________ in an aquarium. A．afraid B．happy C．lucky D．sad and lonely 18．Which of the following is true? A．Dolphins talk with words. B．Dolphins always bring bad luck. C．Dolphins make more sounds under water. D．Dolphins are fish. 19．People can't hear the dolphins' sounds because they are ________. A．low B．high C．soft D．quiet 20．From the passage we know ________. A．Dolphins travel together B．Dolphins talk with words when they play C．Dolphins like to live in aquariums D．All people want to catch dolphins and eat them. 【答案】16．C 17．D 18．C 19．B 20．A 【导语】本文讲述了海豚的生活习性。 16．句意：一群海豚意味者______。A一个海豚的动物园，B一次海豚表演，C一群海豚，D海豚的图书馆，根据We call a group of fish a "school".可知是一群海豚。故选C。 1．句意：在水族馆海豚感觉______。A害怕的，B高兴的，C幸运的，D难过和孤独的，根据They are sad and lonely.可知它们难过又孤独。故选D。 18．句意：以下哪句是正确的？A海豚用语言交谈。B海豚总是带来坏运。C海豚在水下发出更多的声音。D海豚是鱼。根据They make more sounds under water.可知它们在水下发出更多的声音。故选C。 19．句意：人们听不到海豚的声音，因为它们很______。A低的，B高的，C柔软的，D安静的，根据People cannot hear these sounds because they are very, very high.可知因为它们很高。故选B。 20．句意：从这篇文章中我们知道_______。A海豚一起旅行，B海豚玩耍时会用语言交流，C海豚喜欢住在水族馆里，D所有的人都想抓到海豚并吃了它们，根据Dolphins travel in group. 故选A。 初中考点梳理 考点一 完整词性区分 1. 判定口诀 •名词前、be 动词 / 感官动词 (look/sound/smell/taste/feel) 后 → 形容词 例：The flower smells sweet.（smell 感官动词，后用形容词 sweet） •实义动词前后，修饰动作方式 → 副词 例：He looks at me sadly.（look 实义动词，用副词 sadly） 2. 高频感官动词（初中必考） look 看起来；sound 听起来；smell 闻起来；taste 尝起来；feel 摸起来 所有感官动词属于系动词，后面只能接形容词，禁止用副词 3. 特殊以 ly 结尾的形容词（极易混淆） friendly 友好的；lovely 可爱的；lively 活泼的；silly 傻的 以上单词是形容词，不能当作副词使用：a friendly teacher（√） 考点二 多音节单词的比较级最高级变形 判定标准：单词≥3 个音节，变形不加 er/est，加 more/most beautiful → more beautiful → most beautiful interesting → more interesting → most interesting dangerous → more dangerous → most dangerous 补充双音节词：以 ful/less/ing/ous 结尾，统一用 more/most careless → more careless → most careless 对比区分单音节 vs 多音节 short-shorter（单音节直接 er）；careful-more careful（多音节加 more） 补充：不规则变化表 原级 词性 & 释义 比较级 最高级 核心区分说明 good adj. 好的（修饰名词 / 系动词后） better best 只作形容词，不能修饰动作 well adv. 好地（修饰实义动词）；adj. 身体好 better best 1. 表 “做得好” 用 well2. 形容身体健康用 well bad adj. 坏的，差的 worse worst 形容词，修饰名词 badly adv. 糟糕地；严重地 worse worst 副词，修饰动作 many adj. 许多（+ 可数名词复数） more most 只能搭配可数复数 much adj./adv. 许多；非常（+ 不可数 / 修饰比较级） more most 搭配不可数名词；可修饰比较级 much bigger little adj. 少的（+ 不可数名词，表否定） less least 修饰不可数名词，little water 几乎没水 far adj./adv. 远的 farther / further farthest / furthest farther：侧重距离更远further：抽象含义 “进一步”（further study 深造） old adj. 年老的，旧的 older / elder oldest / eldest older：年龄 / 物品新旧对比elder：家庭成员长幼（elder sister 姐姐） 考点三 比较级高阶修饰词 可以放在比较级前加强程度：much, far, even, a lot much taller 高得多；far bigger 大得多；even better 甚至更好 注意：very、quite 只能修饰原级，不能修饰比较级 very tall（√）；very taller（×） 考点四 特殊句型 句型 1：the + 比较级，the + 比较级 越……，越…… The more you read, the better you will be. 你读得越多，就越好。 句型 2：比较级 + and + 比较级 越来越…… taller and taller 越来越高；more and more beautiful 越来越漂亮 句型 3：enough 位置规则（固定后置） 形容词 / 副词 + enough；enough + 名词 old enough 足够大；fast enough 足够快；enough water 足够的水 考点五 最高级范围 1.in + 地点范围：the tallest in the school 2.of + 同类人 / 物：the thinnest of the three girls 3.one of the + 形容词最高级 + 名词复数 one of the most famous writers 最有名的作家之一 考点六 易混形容词 & 副词辨析 hard hard (adj.) 困难的；坚硬的 → The question is hard. 这道题很难。 hard (adv.) 努力地；猛烈地 → Study hard. 努力学习；rain hard 下大雨 late late (adj.) 迟到的，晚的 → be late for school 上学迟到 late (adv.) 晚，迟 → get up late 起床很晚 early early (adj.) 早的 → an early bus 早班车 early (adv.) 提早 → go to bed early 早睡 考点七 副词句法位置 ①频率副词（always, usually, often, sometimes, seldom, never） 核心位置口诀：be 后，实义动词前，助动词后 句子含 be 动词（am/is/are/was/were）→ 放 be 动词后面 例：She is always busy. 她总是很忙。 They are never late. 他们从不迟到。 句子只有实义动词 → 放实义动词前面 例：I often get up at seven. 我经常七点起床。 He seldom plays computer games. 他很少玩电脑游戏。 句子有助动词（can/will/do/does/did/have）→ 放助动词与实义动词中间 例：You must never give up. 你永远不能放弃。 I don’t usually watch TV. 我平时不看电视。 sometimes 特殊：位置灵活，可句首、句中、句尾 Sometimes I walk to school. I sometimes walk to school. I walk to school sometimes. ②方式副词（slowly, quietly, happily, carefully, quickly） 表动作“怎样做”，绝大多数放句子末尾；动词 + 宾语结构，放宾语后。 不及物动词（无宾语）：动词后 He runs quickly. 及物动词 + 宾语：宾语之后 She does her homework carefully.（√） She does carefully her homework.（×） 宾语过长时，可提前至动词前 He slowly walked across the street. ③程度副词（very, quite, too, so, much, even, far） 修饰形容词、其他副词，只能放在被修饰词前面 very beautiful 非常漂亮 too fast 太快 much better 好得多 even taller 甚至更高 ⚠️特殊：enough 永远后置 tall enough 足够高（enough tall ×） ④地点副词（here, there, home, outside, inside）、时间副词（today, yesterday, now） 统一放句末；同时出现地点 + 时间，遵循「地点在前，时间在后」 We play outside every afternoon. They go home early today. ⑤多个副词同时出现排序规则 排序公式：程度 → 方式 → 地点 → 时间 例句：She sings very beautifully in the hall every night. very（程度）→ beautifully（方式）→ in the hall（地点）→ every night（时间） 典例示范 1．Bob isn’t ________ at soccer, but he plays volleyball ________. A．well; good B．good; good C．well; well D．good; well 【答案】D 【详解】句意：鲍勃不擅长足球，但他排球打得很好。 考查词义辨析。well好，副词；good好的，形容词。第一空作表语，需要用形容词；第二空修饰动词，需要用副词。故选D。 2．David has a ________ eating habit and he eats ________. A．well; good B．well; well C．good; well D．good; good 【答案】C 【详解】句意：大卫有很好的饮食习惯，他吃得很好。 考查good和well的用法。good形容词，“好的”；well作形容词时，表示“身体好”；well作副词时，表示“很好地”。第一空使用形容词good，修饰名词“eating habit”，表示“好的饮食习惯”；第二空前eat是动词，所以使用副词well对其进行修饰，表示“吃得好”。故选C。 3．On his way ________, he met an accident. A．to home B．for home C．back to home D．home 【答案】D 【详解】句意：在他回家的路上，他遇到了车祸。 考查固定短语。on one’s way to“在某人去……的路上”，home为地点副词，前不用任何介词，所以介词to要省略，故选D。 4．As a kind and helpful boy, Tom is ________ ready to give others a hand. A．never B．hardly C．seldom D．always 【答案】D 【详解】句意：作为一个善良且乐于助人的男孩，汤姆总是乐于助人。 考查频度副词。never从不；hardly几乎不；seldom很少；always总是。根据“As a kind and helpful boy”可知，汤姆总是帮助他人。故选D。 5．It takes me about 15 minutes ________ there. A．walk B．to walk C．walk to D．to walk to 【答案】B 【详解】句意：我走到那大约需要花费十五分钟。 考查动词不定式用法。“It takes sb. some time to do sth.”表示“某人花费多少时间做某事”。其中it是形式主语，真正主语是后面的动词不定式to do sth.。walk的动词不定式形式是to walk，由于there是地点副词，walk there“走到那”。故选B。 即学即练习 1．Kelly runs ________ (quick) to her mother at the airport to give her a hug. 【答案】 quickly 【详解】句意：凯莉在机场快速地跑向她的母亲，给她一个拥抱。句中“runs”为动词，意为“跑”，需要用副词来修饰。quick的副词形式为quickly，意为“快速地”，符合句意。 2．If you drive _________, you will be a great danger to others. (care) 【答案】carelessly 【详解】句意：如果你开车粗心，你会对别人造成极大的危险。句中“drive”为动词，需用副词修饰，“care”需转换为副词carelessly“粗心地”，副词。 3．Kitty has piano lessons ________ a week. (two) 【答案】twice 【详解】句意：凯蒂一周上两次钢琴课。句中“... a week”表示动作发生的频率，two“二”是基数词，其表示频率的副词形式为twice，表示“两次”。 4．All students should take part in class discussions ______ (active) instead of keeping quiet. 【答案】actively 【详解】句意：所有学生都应该积极参与课堂讨论，而不是保持沉默。空处修饰动词，应用active的副词形式actively。故填actively。 5．We sat ______ (comfortable) on the sofa and watched a movie. 【答案】comfortably 【详解】句意：我们舒适地坐在沙发上，看了一部电影。修饰动词sat，需用副词形式，comfortable的副词形式为comfortably。故填comfortably。 6．His plays are still ________ performed in the U.S. (wide) 【答案】widely 【详解】句意：他的戏剧仍然在美国被广泛演出。根据“are still…performed”可知，横线处需填副词来修饰动词“performed”，wide“广泛的”，形容词，其副词形式为widely。故填widely。 7．He ________ refused the invitation to the party. (polite) 【答案】politely 【详解】句意：他礼貌地拒绝了派对邀请。polite“礼貌的”，空处修饰动词refused，用副词形式politely。故填politely。 8．Kitty feels ________ sorry for leaving her homework at home. (real) 【答案】really 【详解】句意：Kitty对于把作业忘在家里感到非常抱歉。此处应该用一个副词来修饰形容词“sorry”，表示“抱歉”的程度，“real”是形容词，其副词形式为“really”。故填really。 9．Which subject do you like ________ among them? (many) 【答案】most 【详解】句意：它们中最喜欢哪一门学科？根据“among them”及“like”可知是问最喜欢的学科，此处填最高级，many的最高级为most。故填most。 10．________, Tom passed the exam (考试). (final) 【答案】Finally 【详解】句意：最后，汤姆通过了考试。final“最后的”，是形容词，分析句子结构可知，空处位于句首，且有逗号，可知此处是副词修饰整个句子，final的副词是finally，句首字母大写。故填Finally。 11．Jason was ________ (surprise) to see his old friend Mike there. 【答案】 surprised 【详解】句意：杰森在那里看到他的老朋友迈克很惊讶。surprise“使……吃惊”，空处位于be动词was之后，且主语Jason为人，用形容词surprised“惊讶的”，作表语。 12．Lisa’s school life is ________ (interest) and full of fun. 【答案】 interesting 【详解】句意：丽莎的校园生活有趣又充满欢乐。 根据“is”可知，此处用形容词作表语，修饰事物用interesting，意为“有趣的”。 13．Please don’t be ______ (noise) in the library—everyone is reading. 【答案】noisy 【详解】句意：请不要在图书馆里吵闹——每个人都在读书。因为“be”动词后需接形容词构成系表结构，noise的形容词形式为noisy。故填noisy。 14．Fresh fruit and vegetables form an important part of a(n) ________ diet. (health) 【答案】healthy 【详解】句意：新鲜的水果和蔬菜是健康饮食的重要组成部分。根据“diet”可知，此处需用形容词修饰名词，health“健康”，名词，其对应的形容词是healthy，故填healthy。 15．Horses are ________ because they let me ride on their backs. (friend) 【答案】friendly 【详解】句意：马很友好，因为它们让我骑在它们的背上。根据提示可知，系动词“are”后需用形容词作表语。因此应将名词“friend”转化为其形容词形式“friendly”，意为“友好的”。故填friendly。 易混易错 1．He runs much ________ than anyone else. A．quickly B．quick C．quickest D．more quickly 【答案】D 【详解】句意：他跑的比其他人都快。 考查副词比较级。quickly快地，副词；quick快速的，形容词；quickest最快的；more quickly更快地。根据than可知，此空为比较级，此空为副词修饰动词。故选D。 2．Lily is a good student. She always goes to school at 6:30 and she is ________ late for school. A．never B．always C．usually D．sometimes 【答案】A 【详解】句意：Lily是个好学生。她总是六点半去学校，而且从来不迟到。 考查副词辨析。never从不；always总是；usually通常；sometimes有时。根据“Lily is a good student. She always goes to school at 6:30”可知Lily是好学生，而且六点半去学校，所以她从不迟到，故选A。 3．I haven’t been to Shanghai Zoo yet. I ________ there next Sunday. A．go B．will go to C．am going D．am going to 【答案】C 【详解】句意：我还没去过上海动物园。下星期日我要去那里。 考查动词时态及副词用法。由“I…there next Sunday”可知，此处应为我下星期天要去上海动物园，表计划、打算，故可用一般将来时或现在进行时表将来，故排除A项；句中there为副词，其前不应加介词，故排除B、D两项。故选C。 4．He is doing his homework as __________ as his friend. A．careful B．carefully C．more careful D．more carefully 【答案】B 【详解】句意：他和他的朋友一样认真地做作业。 考查副词原级比较。careful仔细的、认真的，形容词原级；carefully仔细地、认真地，副词原级；more careful更仔细的、更认真的，形容词比较级；more carefully更仔细地、更认真地，副词的比较级。句中的as…as意思是“和……一样”，它的中间要接形容词或副词的原级；本题要填入的词是修饰前面的谓语动词，所以要用副词。故选B。 5．Kitty talked ___________ in the classroom yesterday afternoon. A．loud B．loudly C．quietly D．quiet 【答案】B 【详解】句意：凯特昨天下午在教室里大声说话。 考查副词用法。loud大声的，形容词，也有副词用法；loudly大声地，副词；quietly安静地，副词；quiet安静的，形容词。修饰动词talked，用副词，排除D。A、B和C选项中loudly有“喧闹；嘈杂”的意思。故选B。 解题方略 1.先判断修饰对象：名词 / 系动词后用形容词；实义动词用副词； 2.单词≥3 音节，比较级加 more，最高级加 most； 3.看到 much/far/even，后面必接比较级；very 后只能用原级； 4.enough 口诀：形副放后面，名词放前面； 5.one of 题型直接锁定 the + 最高级 + 复数名词； 6.hard 表努力，hardly 表几乎不，根据语境区分。 【基础通关】 一、单项选择 1．The pizza you make looks so ________. Would you please tell me how to make it? A．bad B．good C．well D．badly 【答案】B 【详解】句意：你做的披萨看起来棒极了。你能告诉我怎么做吗？ bad坏的，形容词；good好的，形容词；well好地，副词；badly坏地，副词。根据“looks”可知，此处为系动词，后接形容词作表语。由后句“Would you please tell me how to make it?”可知，说话人是因为披萨看起来很好才想请教做法，应选用good表示“好的”。 2．Doing warm-up exercises can help us stay ________ before playing. A．save B．safe C．safely D．safety 【答案】B 【详解】句意：做热身运动可以帮助我们在运动前保持安全。 考查形容词用法。save节省，动词；safe安全的，形容词；safely安全地，副词；safety安全，名词。空格前stay是系动词，意为“保持”，后面应接形容词作表语，表示保持某种状态。故选B。 3．The students on duty always go around the school to keep it ________. A．cleaning B．clean C．cleaned D．to clean 【答案】B 【详解】句意：值日生总是绕着学校走一圈，以保持它干净。 考查形容词作宾语补足语。根据“keep it…”可知，值日生是为了使学校保持干净的状态，需用形容词作宾语补足语，强调持续的状态，clean“干净的”，形容词。故选B。 4．It’s ________ to work together than to work alone. A．quick B．quicker C．more quick D．quickly 【答案】B 【详解】句意：一起工作比单独工作更高效。 ​考查形容词比较级。根据“than”可知，此处是两者比较，应使用比较级，故排除A和D；quick的比较级为quicker。故选B。 5．The washing machine makes washing clothes ________ for us in modern life. A．difficulty B．easy C．easily D．difficult 【答案】B 【详解】句意：在现代生活中，洗衣机使洗衣对我们来说变得容易。 考查形容词辨析。difficulty困难（名词）；easy容易的（形容词）；easily容易地（副词）；difficult困难的（形容词）。根据“makes washing clothes...for us”可知，此处需要形容词作宾语补足语，且根据常识可知洗衣机让洗衣变得容易。故选B。 6．If you want to stay ________, you need to eat more vegetables and do exercise every day. A．healthy B．health C．healthily D．unhealthy 【答案】A 【详解】句意：如果你想保持健康，你需要每天吃更多的蔬菜并做运动。 考查形容词作表语。healthy形容词，健康的；health名词，健康；healthily副词，健康地；unhealthy形容词，不健康的。stay在此处是系动词，意为“保持”，后面接形容词作表语。healthy是形容词，意为“健康的”，stay healthy表示“保持健康”，故选A。 7．What is the price of a ________ children’s ticket to Disneyland? A．two day B．two-day C．two days D．two-days 【答案】B 【详解】句意：去迪士尼乐园两天儿童票的价格是多少？ 考查复合形容词。根据“children’s ticket”可知，此处用形容词作定语，修饰名词ticket；结合选项可知，此处用“数词-名词单数” 结构的复合形容词，表示 “两天的儿童票价”。故选B。 8．The mutton tastes ________. Can I have more? A．good B．nicely C．bad D．badly 【答案】A 【详解】句意：羊肉尝起来很好。我可以多吃一点吗？ 考查形容词。good好的，为形容词；nicely漂亮地，是副词；bad坏的，为形容词；badly差，是副词。“tastes”是系动词，后接形容词作表语。结合“Can I have more?”可以推断羊肉味道很好，故选A。 9．When I realized the foolish mistake I made, I felt rather ________. A．bravely B．embarrassed C．happily D．relaxed 【答案】B 【详解】句意：当我意识到我犯的愚蠢错误时，我感到相当尴尬。 考查形容词。bravely勇敢地；embarrassed尴尬的；happily开心地；relaxed放松的。felt后跟形容词作表语，排除AC；结合“When I realized the foolish mistake I made”可知，知道自己犯了愚蠢的错误，所以感觉很尴尬。故选B。 10．Henry is ________ to take part in the marathon race. A．enough healthy B．enough health C．healthy enough D．health enough 【答案】C 【详解】句意：Henry足够健康，可以参加马拉松比赛。 考查形容词作表语和enough的用法。enough足够地；healthy健康的，形容词；health健康，名词。be动词is后接形容词作表语，表示Henry很健康，故排除B、D；enough修饰形容词时要置于形容词之后，故排除A。故选C。 二、完成句子 11．Students usually rest for 15 minutes after each class. (保持句意基本不变) Students usually have a ________ ________ after each class. 【答案】 15-minute rest/break 【详解】句意：学生们通常每节课后休息15分钟。原句中“rest for 15 minutes”表示“休息15分钟”，要使句意保持不变，在改写后的句子中可以用“have a 15-minute rest/break”来表达相同的意思，其中“15-minute”是复合形容词，修饰名词rest/break，表示“15分钟的休息”。故填15-minute；rest/break。 12．Ben likes History best. (保持句意不变) History is Ben’s ________ ________. 【答案】 favorite/favourite subject 【详解】句意：本最喜欢历史。原句表示本最喜欢历史这个学科，即“历史是本最喜欢的学科”，favorite/favourite subject“最喜欢的学科”，是一个学科，subject用单数形式。故填favorite/favourite；subject。 13．Li Bailing is a girl. Li Bailing is twelve years old. (合并为一句) Li Bailing is ________________. 【答案】a twelve-year-old girl 【详解】句意：李百玲是个女孩。李百玲今年十二岁。合并后的句子意为“李百玲是一个12岁的女孩”，a一个，twelve-year-old“十二岁的”，复合形容词作定语修饰girl。故填a twelve-year-old girl。 14．It’s 2 hours’ walk from my house to the park. (保持句意基本不变) It’s ________ ________ walk from my house to the park. 【答案】 a 2-hour/two-hour 【详解】句意：从我家到公园步行2小时。原句中“2 hours’ walk”为时间的所有格，可以改为“2-hour walk/two-hour walk”，表示“两个小时的步行路程”，此处泛指一个“2小时的路程”，且“2-hour/two-hour”是辅音音素开头的单词，填不定冠词a。故填a；2-hour/two-hour。 15．Tony’s diet is healthy. David’s diet is healthy, too.(保持句意基本不变) Tony’s diet is ________ ________ as David’s. 【答案】 as healthy 【详解】句意：托尼的饮食很健康。大卫的饮食也很健康。根据句意可知，托尼和大卫的饮食一样健康，用as+原级+as进行转换，故填as；healthy。 三、选词填空 将下列单词或词组填入空格。每词只能填一次，用A、B、C、D、E、F等编号，写在答题纸上。 A．having fun  B．tidying  C． After  D．Before  E. clean  F. because Every Saturday, my family and I love 16 our flat. We all like it 17 it looks like a game. We want to see who can 18 our own place in a short time. I usually get to the bedroom, and I put away toys and books quickly. My little sister laughs as she sweeps the floor. 19 we finish, we take photos of our clean home. Doing housework makes us proud (自豪的). It is about teamwork and 20 together in our flat. 【答案】16．B 17．F 18．E 19．C 20．A 【导语】本文主要介绍了作者和家人周六一起打扫卫生的事情。 【详解】16．句意：每个星期六，我和我的家人都喜欢整理我们的公寓。“love doing sth”表示“喜欢做某事”，结合“our flat”，应填tidying“整理”，此处表示整理我们的公寓。故选B。 17．句意：我们都喜欢这件事，因为这看起来像一个游戏。根据“We all like it... it looks like a game.”可知，横线前后表示因果关系，前果后因，应填because“因为”。故选F。 18．句意：我们想看看谁能在短时间内打扫好自己的地方。can后接动词原形，结合“our own place”，应填clean“打扫”，此处表示打扫好自己的地方。故选E。 19．句意：完成后，我们会给我们干净的家拍照。根据“we take photos of our clean home.”可知，应该是在打扫完卫生后拍照，结合备选词，应填After“在……之后”。故选C。 20．句意：这关乎团队合作，也关乎我们一起在公寓里愉快地相处。and连接并列成分，结合备选词，“having fun”与“teamwork”并列，符合“一起在公寓里开心做事”的语境。故选A。 四、完形填空 Mr. Jason is very rich and he likes delicious food. He had a 21 cook, Mr. Black. The man could cook all kinds of food. His wife asked him to 22 her to cook last month. Now she thinks she is good at cooking and doesn’t want Mr. Black to 23 for them any longer. Now Mrs. Jason begins to cook for her family, but Mr. Jason doesn’t like her food at all. He says he won’t eat any food at home if she doesn’t 24 cooking. The woman says she’ll look for another cook. The man has to wait. This morning Mr. Jason broke a window in a shop. They took him to the 25 . The policeman said, “I’ll fine you ten dollars, 26 you’ll stay in prison (监狱).” “I’ll stay in prison.” answered the rich man. “Why?” “Because my wife will find a cook in ten days.” 21．A．young B．strong C．good D．poor 22．A．teach B．show C．study D．fry 23．A．sing B．play C．write D．work 24．A．like B．learn C．stop D．enjoy 25．A．bus station B．police station C．post office D．primary school 26．A．and B．or C．so D．but 【答案】21．C 22．A 23．D 24．C 25．B 26．B 【导语】本文主要讲述了富人Jason先生因妻子学烹饪后不再用厨师，导致他因妻子厨艺不佳而宁愿选择坐牢也不愿吃妻子做的饭的趣味故事。 【详解】21．句意：他有一位好厨师，布莱克先生。 young年轻的；strong强壮的；good好的；poor贫穷的。根据“The man could cook all kinds of food.”可知，这位厨师厨艺很好，“good”符合语境，故选C。 22．句意：上个月他的妻子让他教她做饭。 teach教；show展示；study学习；fry油炸。根据“The man could cook all kinds of food.”及“Now she thinks she is good at cooking”可知厨师会做很多食物，妻子让厨师教自己做饭，现在妻子觉得自己擅长做饭，用“teach sb. to do sth.”表示“教某人做某事”符合语境，故选A。 23．句意：现在她认为自己很会做饭，不再想让布莱克先生为他们工作了。 sing唱歌；play玩耍；write写；work工作。根据“Now she thinks she is good at cooking and doesn’t want Mr. Black to... for them any longer.”可知，厨师是为他们“工作”的，妻子不想厨师一直为他们工作，“work for”表示“为……工作”，故选D。 24．句意：他说如果她不停止做饭，他就不在家吃任何食物。 like喜欢；learn学习；stop停止；enjoy享受。根据“He says he won’t eat any food at home”可知，因为不喜欢妻子做的饭，所以希望她“停止”做饭，故选C。 25．句意：他们把他带到了警察局。 bus station汽车站；police station警察局；post office邮局；primary school小学 。根据“The policeman said”可知，是被带到“警察局”，故选B。 26．句意：警察说：“我会罚你十美元，否则你就会坐牢。” and和；or否则；so所以；but但是。此处表示选择关系，根据“I’ll fine you ten dollars,”和“you’ll stay in prison”可知，二者之间存在选择关系，不罚款就会坐牢，“否则”符合语境，故选B。 【培优提升】 一、单项选择 1．Through his hard work, he got a much ________ score in the math test and he was more confident in study. A．high B．the highest C．higher D．highest 【答案】C 【详解】句意：通过他的努力，他在数学考试中得到了一个更高的分数，并且他在学习上更自信了。 考查比较级。根据“much”修饰比较级可知，空处用比较级higher“更高的”，此处强调分数比之前更高。故选C。 2．Joe likes eating sweet food very much. He is becoming ________. A．fat and fat B．fatter and fatter C．fat and fatter D．more and more fat 【答案】B 【详解】句意：乔非常喜欢吃甜食。他越来越胖了。 考查比较级的连用。“比较级+and+比较级”表示“越来越……”，fat的比较级是fatter。故选B。 3．The new cartoon is one of ________ I have ever seen. A．the greatest film B．the great film C．the greatest films D．greatest film 【答案】C 【详解】句意：这部新漫画是我看过的最棒的电影之一。 考查形容词最高级。the greatest film最棒的电影, 是单数；the great film棒的电影；the greatest films最棒的电影, 是复数；greatest film最棒的电影, greatest是形容词的最高级, 前面必须要有定冠词the, 所以是错误的表达。根据one of the+最高级+名词复数“最……之一”可知, 应该用the greatest films。故选C。 4．—Which river is ________ of the two, the Yellow River or the Yangtze River? —The Yangtze River. And it is the ________ river in China. A．longer, longest B．longer, longer C．longest, longer D．longest, longest 【答案】A 【详解】句意：——黄河和长江哪条河最长？——长江。它是中国最长的河流。 考查形容词比较级和最高级。第一句根据“of the two,”可知是两者比较，应用比较级；第二句根据“in China.”可知在中国所有的河流里比较，应用最高级，故选A。 5．Shanghai is one of ________ cities in the world. A．big B．bigger C．biggest D．the biggest 【答案】D 【详解】句意：上海是世界上最大的城市之一。 big大的，形容词原级；bigger更大的，比较级；biggest最大的，最高级；the biggest形容词最高级。这句话中使用了句型one of the+形容词最高级+名词复数，故应选D。 6．The boy is ________ to ride the bike on his own. A．old enough B．enough old C．young enough D．enough young 【答案】A 【详解】句意：这个男孩足够大了，可以独自骑自行车了。 old enough足够大；enough old用法错误；young enough足够小；enough young用法错误。enough修饰形容词时要后置，即“形容词+enough”；根据“ride the bike on his own”，独自骑自行车，说明年龄足够大。应填old enough。 7．Do you think you could swim _________ to win the competition, Helen? A．quick enough B．quickly enough C．enough quickly 【答案】B 【详解】句意：海伦，你认为你能游得足够快来赢得比赛吗？ 考查副词用法及enough的位置。动词swim需用副词修饰，表示方式；quickly是副词形式，而quick是形容词，不适用。enough修饰副词时应后置，quickly enough正确，故选B。 8．My niece is six years old. She is ________ to enter the primary school. A．so old B．very old C．old enough 【答案】C 【详解】句意：我的侄女6岁。她年龄足够大进入小学。 考查形容词enough的用法。enough放在形容词后表示“足够……”，可接不定式。由“My niece is six years old. She is…to enter the primary school”可知，6岁达到小学入学年龄了，应选表示足够年龄的选项。故选C。 9．Jack did badly at the school sports meeting. I did even ________. A．worse B．worst C．more bad D．more badly 【答案】A 【详解】句意：Jack在学校运动会上表现不好。我甚至更糟。 考查副词的比较级。worse更糟糕地，副词比较级；worst最糟糕地，副词最高级；more bad表达错误；more badly表达错误。“even”可以修饰比较级，空处修饰动词“did”，空处填副词比较级。故选A。 10．Now my family has ______ to buy a new flat, which is ________ for six people to live in. A．money enough; big enough B．enough money; enough big C．enough money; big enough D．money enough; enough big 【答案】C 【详解】句意：现在我家有足够的钱买一套新公寓，这套公寓足够大，能供六个人住。 考查enough的用法辨析。enough修饰名词时，需放在名词前面；enough修饰形容词时，需放在形容词后面。根据“Now my family has…to buy a new flat, which is…for six people to live in.”可知，第一空后money是名词，应用enough money；第二空后big是形容词，应用big enough。故选C。 二、选词填空 将下列单词或词组填入空格。每词只能填一次，用A、B、C、D、E、F等编号，写在答题纸上。 将下列单词填入空格。每空格限填一词，每词填一次。 A．performances    B．famous    C． offer    D．served    E. buildings    F. guide The Huangpu River is a must-see for most tourists. You enjoy the “museum of international architecture (建筑风格) on the Bund” and the skyline of Lujiazui in Pudong. You can have a close look at the 11 Shanghai Oriental TV Tower and the magnificent (壮丽的) Jinmao Building. You can also see videos, sing songs or watch wonderful 12 on the boat. Tea and coffee are 13 during the trip. The tour 14 will tell you something about Shanghai’s today and yesterday both in Chinese and in English. We 15 different boat tours along the river every day. You are sure to have a good time. 【答案】11．B 12．A 13．D 14．F 15．C 【导语】本文介绍了黄浦江的地理位置好，风景优美，值得来参观。 【详解】11．句意：你可以近距离欣赏著名的上海东方明珠和壮丽的金茂大厦。根据“You can have a close look at the…Shanghai Oriental TV Tower and the magnificent (壮丽的) Jinmao Building.”的语境并结合常识及备选词汇可知，东方明珠是著名的景点建筑，famous“著名的”符合。故选B。 12．句意：你还可以在船上观看视频、唱歌或观看精彩表演。根据“You can also see videos, sing songs or watch wonderful…on the boat.”的语境并结合备选词汇可知，此处指观看精彩表演，performances“表演”符合。故选A。 13．句意：旅行期间供应茶和咖啡。根据“Tea and coffee are…during the trip.”的语境并结合备选词汇可知，此处指供应茶和咖啡，served“提供；端上”。故选D。 14．句意：导游将用中文和英语向你介绍上海的今昔。根据“The tour…will tell you something about Shanghai’s today and yesterday both in Chinese and in English.”的语境并结合备选词汇可知，此处指导游介绍上海的今昔，tour guide“导游”，是固定词组。故填F。 15．句意：我们每天提供不同的沿河游船之旅。根据“We…different boat tours along the river every day.”的语境并结合备选词汇可知，此处指每天提供不同的沿河游船之旅，offer“提供”符合。故选C。 三、完形填空 Today, people like to send postcards to their friends and family. These postcards often 16 pictures of beaches, mountains or castles on them and you 17 write a message on the back. Many people send postcards when they are on holiday 18 postcards are cheap and pictures on them are often 19 than people’s own photos. Somebody sent the first postcard at the end of the nineteenth century. It had a picture of a town by the sea on it. Later on, postcards had pictures showing something in the 20 that week, perhaps an accident (事故) or an important person’s visit. People 21 to see them because they did not have pictures in their newspapers then. 16．A．put B．have C．draw D．show 17．A．can B．must C．should D．shall 18．A．so B．and C．but D．because 19．A．better B．bigger C．smaller D．worse 20．A．city B．shop C．news D．country 21．A．talked B．liked C．had D．came 【答案】16．B 17．A 18．D 19．A 20．C 21．B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了明信片的发展历程，包括其起源、内容变化以及人们对其的喜爱原因。 【详解】16．句意：这些明信片上通常有海滩、山脉或城堡的图片，你可以在背面写一条信息。 put放；have有；draw画；show展示。根据“These postcards often … pictures of beaches, mountains or castles on them”可知，明信片上通常有海滩、山脉或城堡的图片，此处表示客观存在的事实，用have符合语境。故选B。 17．句意：这些明信片上通常有海滩、山脉或城堡的图片，你可以在背面写一条信息。 can可以；must必须；should应该；shall将。根据“write a message on the back”可知，此处指可以在明信片背面写信息，表示许可，用can符合语境。故选A。 18．句意：许多人在度假时寄明信片，因为明信片很便宜，而且上面的图片通常比人们自己的照片更好。 so因此；and和；but但是；because因为。根据“Many people send postcards when they are on holiday … postcards are cheap”可知，前后句之间是因果关系，前果后因，用because引导原因状语从句。故选D。 19．句意：许多人在度假时寄明信片，因为明信片很便宜，而且上面的图片通常比人们自己的照片更好。 better更好的；bigger更大的；smaller更小的；worse更差的。根据“postcards are cheap and pictures on them are often … than people’s own photos”可知，明信片便宜且上面的图片比自己的照片更好，用better符合语境。故选A。 20．句意：后来，明信片上的图片展示了那个星期的新闻，也许是一场事故或一位重要人物的访问。 city城市；shop商店；news新闻；country国家。根据“perhaps an accident (事故) or an important person’s visit”可知，事故或重要人物的访问属于新闻范畴，用news符合语境。故选C。 21．句意：人们喜欢看它们，因为那时他们的报纸上没有图片。 talked谈论；liked喜欢；had有；came来。根据“because they did not have pictures in their newspapers then”可知，因为那时报纸上没有图片，所以人们喜欢看明信片上的图片，用liked符合语境。故选B。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $