衔接点02 代词（讲义，上海专用）英语小升初衔接

衔接点02 代词（小初考点差异及衔接） 小学视角 初中展望 1. 仅背诵人称代词主格、宾格基础表格； 2. 只掌握形容词性物主代词和认识名词性物主代词，不理解本质区别； 3. 区分规则简单：句首主语用主格，动词 / 介词后用宾格； 4. 题型单一：单句选词、词形填空，句子短、无复杂语境； 5. 无反身代词、指示代词拓展、不定代词辨析知识点； 6. 不考察代词替代、主谓一致、双重所有格结合代词。 1. 完整两套物主代词系统，区分形物代 / 名物代，结合双重所有格综合考察； 2. 全套反身代词变形 + 课内高频固定短语、高阶语境运用； 3. 指示代词 this/that/these/those 可替代前文单数 / 复数名词，避免重复； 4. 不定代词分层辨析：some/any；many/much；few/a few/little/a little；everyone/every one；all/both/either/neither（分班难点）； 5. 代词覆盖句子六大成分，完形填空结合上下文指代解题； 6. 新增 it 作形式主语 / 形式宾语高阶用法； 7. 综合题型：句型转换、语法选择、完形、汉译英、写作指代运用。 衔接引导 小学阶段： 知识点碎片化，只停留在单句固定位置选词，不需要理解上下文指代。题目有极强提示：句首直接填主格、动词后直接填宾格，只考察单词变形，不存在语境陷阱，学生靠背表格就能做对全部题目，无易混淆同类代词对比。 初中阶段： 代词是整套语法拉分核心，难点多层叠加： 1.体系扩容：新增名词性物主代词、反身代词、四类不定代词、it 特殊句型； 2.逻辑升级：不再依靠位置判断，需要读懂上下文，判断代词指代前文人 / 物； 3.陷阱密集：否定不定代词、主谓一致、it’s/its 混淆、反身代词单复数错写、some/any 特殊场景极易丢分； 4.题型综合：完形填空、短文填空会把多种代词混合辨析，句型转换要求物主代词相互转换，写作要求用代词替换名词减少重复。 小学考点梳理 考点一 人称代词 人称代词用来指代人 / 动物，分为主格（动作发出者）、宾格（动作承受者） 人称分类 单数主格（作主语） 单数宾格（作宾语） 复数主格（作主语） 复数宾格（作宾语） 第一人称 I 我 me 我 we 我们 us 我们 第二人称 you 你 you 你 you 你们 you 你们 第三人称 he 他 she 她 it 它 him 他 her 她 it 它 they 他们 / 她们 / 它们 them 他们 / 她们 / 它们 使用规则 1.主格用法：放在句子最前面，是动作的发出者，后直接接谓语动词 例句：She draws pictures every day. 她每天画画。 解析：she 是画画这个动作的发出者，作主语，用主格。 2.宾格用法：放在实义动词、介词的后面，是动作的承受对象 ① 动词后：My mother loves me. 妈妈爱我。（love 是动词，后面用宾格 me） ② 介词后：Play basketball with us. 和我们一起打篮球。（with 介词，后接宾格 us） 特殊基础提示 you、it 的主格和宾格拼写完全一致，只能靠在句中的位置区分。 考点二 形容词性物主代词 形容词性物主代词（后 + 名词） 名词性物主代词（独立使用，不加名词） 中文含义 my mine 我的 your yours 你的 / 你们的 his his 他的（形物代、名物代拼写相同） her hers 她的 its its 它的 our ours 我们的 their theirs 他们的 考点三 ×××× 典例示范 1．_____ robots can help people do the housework. A．This B．That C．Those 【答案】C 【详解】句意：那些机器人可以帮助人们做家务。本题考查指示代词。A这个，指代单数；B那个，指代单数；C那些，指代复数。 robots是复数，所以用those修饰，故选C。 2．_______ sneakers look really great on you. A．This B．That C．Those 【答案】C 【详解】句意：你穿这双运动鞋真好看。this和that都修饰可数名词单数，those修饰可数名词复数，sneakers是可数名词复数，故选C。 3．—______ books are these? —They are Mary’s. A．Whose B．Who C．What 【答案】A 【详解】句意：—这些是谁的书？—它们是玛丽的。本题考查疑问词。A谁的，B谁，C什么，根据答语可知问句问谁的，故选A。 4．The children enjoyed _____ in the park. A．they B．themselves C．them 【答案】B 【详解】句意：这些孩子在公园里玩得非常开心。本题考查反身代词的用法，根据句意可知玩得开心为enjoy oneself，they的反身代词为themselves，故选B。 5．Help ________ to some meat, children. A．yourself B．myself C．yourselves 【答案】C 【详解】句意：孩子们，随意吃些肉吧。随意的英文为help oneself，因本句主语为children，为名词复数，故oneself应变为yourselves，故选C。 即学即练习 1．—Is this (she) hat? —No, it isn’t. (she) is blue. 【答案】 her Hers 【详解】句意：—这是___帽子吗？—不，它不是。___是蓝色的。she是主格，她，名词hat前面用形容词性物主代词作定语，her她的，形容词性物主代词。最后一句是她的帽子是蓝色的，题干中没有名词，用名词性物主代词hers。 2．Danny has three kites. She likes all of (they). 【答案】them 【详解】句意：丹尼有三只风筝。她全都喜欢。本题考查人称代词。they它们，人称代词主格。介词of后跟人称代词宾格，they的人称代词宾格为them，故答案为them。 3．Let (he) do (he) homework. 【答案】 him his 【详解】句意：让他做作业。本题考查人称代词和形容词性物主代词的用法。Let是动词，后面的人称代词用宾格作宾语，he的宾语是him，第二个空填形容词性物主代词his修饰名词。故答案为him，his。 4．Both of (they) go home on foot. 【答案】them 【详解】句意：他们两个都步行回家。本题考查人称代词。they是人称代词主格，of是介词，they应用宾格them，作of的宾语，故答案为them。 5．Excuse me. I’m doing a survey. Can I ask you (some) questions? 【答案】some 【详解】句意：打扰一下。我正在做一个调查。我可以问你一些问题吗？本题考查不定代词，some用于肯定句和委婉请求的疑问句中，根据句意可知该句表示委婉请求，故答案为some。 6．Please give (they) sister some sweets. 【答案】their 【详解】句意：请给他们的妹妹一些糖果。本题考查形容词性物主代词。they他们，做主语。sister是名词，前面用形容词性物主代词修饰。they的形容词性物主代词是their他们的。故答案为their。 7．Look at the old man. Let’s go and help (he). 【答案】him 【详解】句意：看看那个老人。让我们去帮助他。本题考查人称代词。he他，人称代词主格，hep是动词，后面的人称代词用宾格，he对应的宾格是him，故答案为him。 8．—May I use (you) car?   —Sorry. (I) is not here. 【答案】 your Mine 【详解】句意：—我可以使用下你的小汽车吗？—对不起。我的不在这。本题考查形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词，you你，做car的定语，用形容词性物主代词your你的；I我，该空后面没有名词，用名词性物主代词mine我的。故答案为your；Mine。 9． (they) classroom is next to (we). 【答案】 Their ours 【详解】句意：他们的教室紧挨着我们的教室。本题考查形容词性和名词性物主代词，第一空后面有名词，所以用形容词性物主代词，they的形容词性物主代词是their，第二空后面没有名词，所以用名词性物主代词，we的名词性物主代词是ours，故答案为Their；ours。 10．—Is this your kite? —No, it’s not (I). It’s (I) sister’s. 【答案】 mine my 【详解】句意：—这是你的风筝吗？—不，它不是我的。它是我的妹妹/姐姐的。本题考查形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词。根据句意可知第一空填名词性物主代词，I的名词性物主代词是mine，相当于my kite；第二空填形容词性物主代词，修饰名词sister，I的形容词性物主代词是my，故答案为mine；my。 11．These paints are (you). Put all (you) paints on the desk. 【答案】 yours your 【详解】句意：这些颜料是你的。把你所有的颜料都放在桌子上。本题考查物主代词，前面的一个句子中没有名词，用名词性物主代词，yours你的，后面句子中有名词，用形容词性物主代词，your你的，故答案为yours；your。 12． (we) classroom is on the (three) floor. (they) is on the (two) floor. 【答案】 Our third Theirs second 【详解】句意：我们的教室在三楼。他们的在二楼。本题考查物主代词以及序数词。classroom是名词，前面用形容词性物主代词修饰。we我们，人称代词，其形容词性物主代词是our我们的。定冠词the+序数词，表示“第几楼”，three三，基数词，序数词是third第三。第三个空，后面没有名词，所以用名词性物主代词，they他们，人称代词，其名词性物主代词是theirs他们的；two二，基数词，序数词是second第二。故答案为Our；third；Theirs；second。 13．— (who) brush is this?    —It’s (she). 【答案】 Whose hers 【详解】句意：—这是谁的刷子？—它是她的。本题考查疑问代词及名词性物主代词，根据句意可知疑问词用疑问代词Whose，答句中用名词性物主代词，she的名词性物主代词是hers，意思是她的，相当于her brush，故答案为Whose；hers。 14．Mr Li teaches (we) English. He’s a good (teach). 【答案】 us teacher 【详解】句意：李先生教我们英语。他是一名好教师。本题考查人称代词和可数名词单复数形式，teach是个动词，后加人称代词宾格，we的宾格是us，不定冠词a修饰可数名词单数，老师teacher，故答案为us；teacher。 15．—Are those (we) notebooks? —No, they are (they). 【答案】 our theirs 【详解】句意：—那些是我们的笔记本吗？—不，那些是他们的。本题考查形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词，第一空做notebooks的定语，用形容词性物主代词，we我们，形容词性物主代词为our，第二空后面没有名词，用名词性物主代词，they他们，名词性物主代词为theirs，故答案为our；theirs。 易混易错 1．Ann is lonely(孤独的). She is playing by ________. A．she B．her C．herself D．me 【答案】C 【详解】句意为：安很孤单。她正在一个人玩。by oneself某人自己，固定短语。故ABD都为错，故答案为C。 2．We can help _______. A．other each B．each other C．one other 【答案】B 【详解】句意：我们可以互相帮助。each other互相，代词，故选B。 3．It was warm inside. George enjoyed _______ very much. A．him B．his C．himself 【答案】C 【详解】句意：屋里很温暖。乔治玩得很开心。本题考查反身代词，根据句意可知玩得开心为enjoy oneself，他自己为himself，故选C。 4．—________ he? —He’s Mr Li. A．Whose B．Who’s C．Who 【答案】B 【详解】句意：—他是谁？—他是李先生。本题考查疑问代词，A谁的，B谁是，C谁，句子中缺少系动词，故选B。 5．—I don’t want _____ beef. —I don’t want beef _____. A．some; either B．any; too C．any; either D．any; also 【答案】C 【详解】句意：—我不想要牛肉。—我也不想要牛肉。本题考查不定代词和副词，some用于肯定句式中，any用于否定句式中。too是用于肯定句式中的也；either是用于否定句式中的也；also表示“也”，放在 be(动词)、助动词、情态动词之后，实义动词之前。故选C。 解题方略 1.横线在句子开头，后面直接跟动词 → 主格； 2.横线在动词 / 介词后面 → 宾格； 3.横线后面紧跟着物品名词 → 形容词性物主代词。 【基础通关】 一、单项选择 1．—Are these your notebooks? —No, they’re ________. A．mine B．her C．theirs 【答案】C 【详解】句意：—这些是你的笔记本吗？—不，它们是______。mine我的，名词性物主代词。her她，宾格或她的，形容词性物主代词。theirs他们的，名词性物主代词。结合问答内容，回答应该是：不，它们是他们的。没有名词，所以此处应该用名词性物主代词。 2．—Shall we get ________ green tea, Mum? —________ A．some; OK. B．any; No, you can’t. C．many; Sure. 【答案】A 【详解】句意：—我们可以来一些绿茶吗，妈妈？—好的。many修饰可数名词复数，green tea绿茶，是不可数名词，排除C选项；Shall we…?是表示请求或建议的一般疑问句，希望得到肯定回答，不定代词用some不用any；答语OK.好的。符合题意。 3．—This cap is Danny’s. That one is John’s. —Please put ________ caps on the table. A．both B．all C．all the 【答案】A 【详解】句意：—这顶帽子是丹尼的。那顶帽子是约翰的。—请把两顶帽子都放到桌子上。both指两者“都”，all指三者或以上“全部”，题干中明确指出是丹尼和约翰两人的帽子，需用both。 4．—These dresses are nice. Why not try on both? —But I like ________. It’s long. A．the green shirt B．the yellow one C．both of them 【答案】B 【详解】句意：—这些裙子很不错。为什么不两条都试试呢？—但是我喜欢黄色的那条。它很长。the green shirt绿色的衬衫，the yellow one黄色的裙子，both of them两者都。one在这里是代词，用来代替前面提到过的单数名词dress，以避免重复；“the yellow one”意思是“那条黄色的裙子”，符合后面It’s long中it指代的单数名词。 5．Eddie is my brother. We ________ like playing badminton. A．both B．all C．together 【答案】A 【详解】句意：埃迪是我的兄弟。我们俩都喜欢打羽毛球。both两者都，all三者及以上都，together一起，通常放在句末；此处both指代我和Eddie两者。 6．Tommy and Jack are my friends. Now we are ______ in the gym. A．same B．both C．all 【答案】C 【详解】句意：汤米和杰克是我的朋友。现在我们都在体育馆里。本题考查不定代词。same相同的，both两者都，all三者及以上都。句意是三个人，所以用all，故选C。 7．You shouldn’t drink ______ soft drinks either. They are bad for your teeth. A．too many B．too much C．some 【答案】A 【详解】句意：你也不应该喝太多软饮料。它们对你的牙齿不好。本题考查不定代词。too many太多，后面加可数名词复数。too much太多，后面加不可数名词。some一些，加可数名词复数或不可数名词。soft drinks为可数名词复数形式，排除B选项。根据句意，A选项符合题意，故选A。 8．The tiger is the king of the forest. All the animals are afraid of ______. A．he B．his C．him 【答案】C 【详解】句意：老虎是森林之王。所有的动物都害怕他。本题考查宾格人称代词。he人称代词主格；his形容词性物主代词；him人称代词宾格。be afraid of后跟宾格人称代词，故选C。 9．—Would you like ______ tea? —Yes, please. A．any B．some C．many 【答案】B 【详解】句意：—你想要一些茶吗？—是的，请。本题考查不定代词。some和any不定代词，一些，some用在肯定句，any用在否定句和疑问，但是在would like构成的问句中一般用some，不用any，many修饰可数名词复数，tea是不可数名词，故选B。 10．—______ did you take to the SUNNY party? —A shiny hat. A．How B．What C．Why 【答案】B 【详解】句意：—你带了什么去阳光派对？—一顶闪亮的帽子。本题考查疑问词的选择。答句回答的是具体物品，需用疑问词What(什么)提问事物。How(如何)询问方式，Why(为什么)询问原因，均不符合题意。故选B。 二、填空题 用they, themselves, their, them, we填空，每词限用一次。 11．Look at the elephants. noses are very long. 12．Tom and I are in the hospital. don’t feel well. 13．The animals hide in the forest. 14．These soft drinks are bad for your teeth. Please don’t drink . 15．—Where are Kitty and Alice? — are at the dentist’s. 【答案】11．Their 12．We 13．themselves 14．them 15．They 【分析】11．句意：看这些大象。______鼻子很长。根据句意及所给单词可知their（它们的，形容词性物主代词，后加名词）符合题意，Their noses它们的鼻子，故答案为Their。 12．句意：我和汤姆在医院。______感觉不舒服。根据句意及所给单词可知we（我们，人称代词主格，做主语）符合题意，故答案为We。 13．句意：动物们把______藏在森林里。根据句意及所给单词可知themselves（它们自己，反身代词，此处做宾语）符合题意，故答案为themselves。 14．句意：这些软饮料对你的牙齿不好。请不要喝______。根据句意及所给单词可知them（它们，宾格，做宾语）符合题意，故答案为them。 15．句意：基蒂和爱丽丝在哪里？根据句意及所给单词可知they（她们，人称代词主格，做主语）符合题意，故答案为They。 三、完形填空 Nowadays, the fastest way of travelling is by air. With a modern airline (航空公司) people can travel to a place which is far away from us in about one day. But a hundred years ago, we usually 16 a month or more getting there. Travelling by train is always 17 the top of people’s list. It is slower than a plane, but it has its advantages (优点). People can see the beautiful scenery outside of the windows. Modern trains have comfortable seats. People can enjoy 18 during the trip. Most people think travelling by sea is boring because it is very slow and takes a long time. But some people still prefer to travel by sea when possible. They want 19 the large and beautiful view of the sea when travelling. Some people like to travel by car. They can make their own timetable. They can stop where there is 20 interesting to see or where they find a good hotel to spend the night. 16．A．spend B．will spend C．spent 17．A．above B．at C．in 18．A．themselves B．them C．their 19．A．to enjoy B．enjoying C．enjoy 20．A．nothing B．something C．everything 【答案】16．C 17．B 18．A 19．A 20．B 【导语】本文主要介绍常见的出行方式，并对比他们的优缺点。 【详解】16．句意：我们通常要花一个月甚至更久到达那里。根据原文“a hundred years ago”一百年前可知是过去时，动词用过去式。spend是动词原形，will spend用于将来时，spent是spend的过去式，符合语境，故选C。 17．句意：乘火车总是在人们的出行首选。above在……上方,in在……里面，at the top of在……的顶端,在选择清单的顶端。符合语境。故选B。 18．句意：人们在旅途中可以玩得很开心。enjoy oneself玩得开心.根据原文“people”可知对应的词汇是themselves，them是宾格形式，their是形容词性物主代词他们的，均不符合。故选A。 19．句意：他们想在旅行时欣赏海上广阔又美丽的景色。want to do sth.想要做某事，enjoying是动名词，enjoy是原形，均不符合。故选A。 20．句意：他们可以停在一些想了解的感兴趣的地方，或者是找到一个好的值得过夜的酒店。something某事，某物用于肯定句，符合语境。nothing表否定，everything所有事物均不符合。故选B。 【培优提升】 一、单项选择 1．Whose brush is this? Is it ______, Ben? A．my B．yours C．her 【答案】B 【详解】句意：这是谁的刷子？它是你的吗，本？本题考查名词性物主代词的用法。空后无名词，需用名词性物主代词yours你的独立充当成分。选项B为名词性物主代词，符合语法要求。故选B。 2．Linda likes Alice’s school bag because ______ thinks ______ is nice. A．her; hers B．she; her C．she; hers 【答案】C 【详解】句意：琳达喜欢爱丽丝的书包因为她觉得她的好看。本题考查主格人称代词和名词性物主代词。第一空用主格人称代词she做主语；第二空用名词性物主代词hers，表示爱丽丝的书包。故选C。 3．—Is this your tape? —No, it’s ______. A．mine B．your C．yours 【答案】C 【详解】句意：—这是你的磁带吗？—不，它是你的。本题考查名词性物主代词。A我的，名词性物主代词，B你的/你们的，形容词性物主代词，C你的/你们的，名词性物主代词，空后面没有名词，所以需要名词性物主代词，根据答语是否定形式，所以用第二人称形式。故选C。 4．______ film do you want to see, Swan Lake or Snow White? A．Which B．What C．Who 【答案】A 【详解】句意：你(你们)想要看哪个电影，《天鹅湖》还是《白雪公主》？本题考查疑问词，A哪一个，B什么，C谁。选项A符合句意，故选A。 5．—Which apples do you like? —I like ______. A．red B．the red C．the red ones 【答案】C 【详解】句意：—你喜欢哪些苹果？—我喜欢______。本题考查代词的用法，A红色的，B红色的，C红色的苹果，ones代替可数名词的复数形式，故选C。 6．The three students are from Park Primary School. They ______ like sports. A．all B．both C．same 【答案】A 【详解】句意：这三个学生来自公园小学。他们都喜欢运动。本题考查不定代词。all三者及三者以上都；both两者都；same相同的，形容词，修饰名词。句子中的they指上句中的The three students，指三者都，故选A。 7．They ______ in Rainbow Primary School. They ______ in a tall building. A．all are; all live B．are all; all live C．are all; live all 【答案】B 【详解】句意：他们都在彩虹小学。他们都居住在高楼里。本题考查不定代词的用法，all放于be动词之后，实义动词之前，are是be动词，live是实义动词，故选B。 8．This shirt is too small. Please give me a ______. A．small one B．big ones C．big one 【答案】C 【详解】句意：这件衬衫太小了。请给我一个大的。本题考查形容词辨析和不定代词。small小的，big大的，根据句意可知想要大的，前面的shirt是单数，用one指代，故选C。 9．_____ share one bedroom. A．Paul and I B．I and Paul C．Paul 【答案】A 【详解】句意：____共用一间卧室。该句时态为一般现在时，谓语动词为原形share，结合句意和选项可知，主语应为复数Paul and I，B不符合常识，故选A。 10．Let _______ do our homework. A．us B．her C．she 【答案】A 【详解】句意：我们做作业吧。A我们，人称代词宾格；B她，物主代词/人称代词宾格；C她，人称代词主格。let后跟人称代词宾格，根据our，可知横线处填us。故选A。 二、填空题 What    Where    How    How’s    Whose 11．— the weather in January? —It's cold. 12．— do you live? —I live in Shanghai. 13．— does it feel? —It is hard. 14．— do you like doing? —I like playing football. 15．— bag is it? —It's my mother's. 【答案】11．How's 12．Where 13．How 14．What 15．Whose 【解析】11．句意：—一月的天气如何？—是冷的。问天气如何，用How's theweather来提问，故答案为How's。 12．句意：—你住在哪里？—我住在上海。问地点，用where来提问，故答案为Where。 13．句意：—这个摸起来如何？—这是硬的。问如何，用how来提问，故答案为How。 14．句意：—你喜欢做什么？—我喜欢踢足球。问什么，用what来提问，故答案为What。 15．句意：—这是谁的包？—这是我妈妈的。问谁的，用whose来提问，故答案为Whose。 三、完形填空 Many children like to 16 because there are many interesting programmes on TV. 17 they don’t know watching TV for a long time is bad for their 18 . If we look at the children around us, we can see many children wearing 19 even at six or seven years old. So their parents and teachers should tell 20 not to keep watching TV for a long time. 16．A．play games B．watch TV C．play football 17．A．Or B．And C．But 18．A．ears B．eyes C．noses 19．A．glasses B．gloves C．hats 20．A．their B．them C．they 【答案】16．B 17．C 18．B 19．A 20．B 【分析】文章讲的是看电视时间太长对孩子们眼睛的危害性。 16．句意：许多孩子都喜欢_________因为电视上有许多有趣的节目。通过下一句得知爱看电视，A.玩游戏，B.看电视，C.踢足球，故选B。 17．句意：______他们不知道长时间看电视对他们的________不好。A.或者，B.和，C.但是，but符合句意，故选C。 18．句意：他们不知道长时间看电视对他们的________不好。A.耳朵，B.眼睛，C.鼻子，根据常识得知，对眼睛不好，故选B。 19．句意：我们可以看到许多孩子戴________甚至在六七岁。A.眼镜，B.手套，C.帽子，根据前文得知，是对眼睛有坏处，所以应该是戴眼镜，wear glasses，故选A。 20．句意：所以他们的父母和老师应该告诉______不要长时间看电视。A.他们的；B.他们，宾格；C.他们，主格。根据动词后加宾格，故选B。 初中考点梳理 考点一 形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词 名词性物主代词 = 形容词性物主代词 + 前文提到的名词，单独作主语、表语、宾语，后面绝对不能再加名词。 例句 This is my book. = This book is mine. These are their desks. = These desks are theirs. 易错 ①：双重所有格结合名物代 结构：a/any/some + 名词 + of + 名词性物主代词 含义：…… 众多当中的一个，表部分所属 例句：a friend of mine 我众多朋友中的一位 区分对比 a photo of me 照片里的人是我本人 a photo of mine 这张照片归我所有（照片内容不一定是我） ②：物主代词句型转换 原题：That is her pencil.（改为同义句） 转换：That pencil is hers. 考点二 反身代词 单数反身代词 复数反身代词 myself 我自己 ourselves 我们自己 yourself 你自己 yourselves 你们自己 himself 他自己 themselves 他们 / 她们 / 它们自己 herself 她自己 itself 它自己 变形规律 1.一、二人称：形物代 + self/selves → myself, yourself, ourselves, yourselves 2.第三人称：宾格 + self/selves → himself, herself, itself, themselves 短语 enjoy oneself 玩得开心 help oneself to sth. 随便享用某物 teach oneself = learn by oneself 自学 hurt oneself 弄伤自己 look after oneself 照顾自己 注意： 1.作同位语，加强语气，译为 “亲自、本人” I myself finished all the homework. 我独自完成了全部作业。 2.by + 反身代词 = alone 独自，无他人帮忙 She can’t finish the work by herself. 她无法独自完成这份工作。 3.复数反身代词结尾是 selves，不可写作 selfs：ourselves（√）ourself（×） 考点三 指示代词 this /that/these /those 区分 1.this（这个，近单数）；these（这些，近复数） 2.that（那个，远单数）；those（那些，远复数） 难点：that/those 替代前文名词，避免重复（阅读、完形高频） 1.that 替代前文单数 / 不可数名词 The weather in Shanghai is warmer than that in Beijing. that 指代前文 the weather，避免重复写 weather。 2.those 替代前文复数可数名词 The bags of girls are lighter than those of boys. those 指代前文 bags。 考点四 不定代词 分组 1 some & any some：用于肯定陈述句，表 “一些”；修饰可数复数 / 不可数 I have some milk and some storybooks. any：用于否定句、普通疑问句 I don’t have any pens. Do you have any water? 特殊考点（易错拉分点） 委婉请求、期待对方肯定回答的疑问句，不用 any，改用 some Would you like some orange juice?（√） Would you like any orange juice?（×） 分组 2 many & much（可数 / 不可数严格区分） many + 可数名词复数，可用于肯定、否定、疑问 many students 许多学生 much + 不可数名词，多用于否定、疑问句；肯定句常用 a lot of 替换 much time 大量时间 变形：many/much 比较级都是 more，最高级 most 分组 3 few /a few & little /a little（完形第一大陷阱，肯定否定区分） 搭配名词 带 a（表肯定：有一点） 无 a（表否定：几乎没有） 可数名词复数 a few few 不可数名词 a little little 例句对比 There is a little bread left. 还剩一点面包（还有，能吃） There is little bread left. 几乎没有面包了（不够吃） A few boys like drawing. 有几个男生喜欢画画。 Few boys like drawing. 几乎没有男生喜欢画画。 分组 4 all /both/either /neither（预初难点，易混淆） both：两者都，后接复数名词，谓语复数 Both of my parents like reading. all：三者及以上全部，可修饰单复数 All the students are here. either：两者任意一个，谓语单数 Either answer is right. neither：两者都不，表否定，谓语单数 Neither of the two books is mine. 分组 5 everyone & every one（易混词义辨析） everyone：只能指人，不能接 of 短语，谓语单数 Everyone has his own dream. every one：可指人 / 物，后面必须搭配 of 短语 Every one of the flowers is beautiful. 考点五 代词在句子六大成分 1.主语（主格、指示代词、不定代词）：They go to school together. 2.宾语（宾格、名物代、反身代词）：My dad takes me to the park. 3.表语（名词性物主代词、反身代词）：The nice watch is yours. 4.定语（形容词性物主代词）：His new bike is red. 5.同位语（反身代词加强语气）：I myself cleaned the room. 6.宾语补足语（宾格）：We call him Tom. 考点六 it 特殊高阶用法 1.it 指代天气、时间、距离 It is seven o’clock. It rains a lot in spring. 2.it 作形式主语，真正主语后置 to do It is easy to learn English well.（真正主语：to learn English well） 3.it 作形式宾语 I find it interesting to read novels.（真正宾语：to read novels） 典例示范 1．Every time I visit the West Lake, ________ beautiful sights can always make ________ relax. A．its; my B．its; me C．it’s; my D．it’s; me 【答案】B 【详解】句意：每次我游览西湖时，它美丽的景色总能让我放松。 考查代词用法。第一空，根据“...beautiful sights can always...”可知此处需填it的形容词性物主代词its“它的”，作定语；第二空，根据“...make...relax”可知此处需填I的宾格形式me“我”，作宾语。故选B。 2．If you don’t have breakfast, you may find ________ easy to get hungry in the morning. A．it B．it’s C．this D．that 【答案】A 【详解】句意：如果你不吃早餐，你可能会发现早上很容易饿。 考查it作形式宾语。it它；it’s它是；this这个；that那个。根据“you may find...easy to get hungry in the morning.”可知，此处为“find it adj to do”句型，it作形式宾语，to do是真正的宾语。故选A。 3．Is there ________ in today’s newspaper, Linda? A．anything exciting B．anything excited C．exciting anything D．excited anything 【答案】A 【详解】句意：琳达，今天的报纸上有（什么）令人高兴的消息吗？ 考查不定代词的用法。形容词修饰不定代词位于其后，排除CD，修饰事物用-ing形式的形容词，排除B。故选A。 4．Tom’s favourite sport is different from ______. A．I B．me C．my D．mine 【答案】D 【详解】句意：汤姆最爱的运动和我的不同。 考查代词辨析。I我，主格人称代词；me我，宾格人称代词；my我的，形容词性物主代词；mine我的，名词性物主代词；根据“Tom’s favourite sport is different from... .”可知，应用名词性物主代词mine，相当于my favourite sport，与前面的Tom’s favourite sport做对比。故选D。 5．We have got two answers to the solution, and _________ of them are correct. A．neither B．none C．all D．both 【答案】D 【详解】句意：这个问题我们有两个答案，两个答案都是对的。 考查代词辨析。neither两者都不；none三者及以上都不；all三者及以上都；both两者都。根据前一句“two answers”可知，本题提到的是两个答案，因此后一句表示“两个答案”，排除B和C。neither作主语时，谓语动词和be动词用单数，both作主语时，谓语动词和be动词用复数。结合be动词are可知，主语是复数，应用both。故选D。 即学即练习 1．Your club is more exciting than ________ (I). 【答案】mine 【详解】句意：你的俱乐部比我的更令人兴奋。than是比较级的标志词，空处需要与“Your club (你的俱乐部)”进行比较，意思是“我的俱乐部”。为了避免club重复，用名词性物主代词mine代替my club。 2．Citizens should try _________ best to make the environment greener. (they) 【答案】their 【详解】句意：公民应当尽自己最大的努力，让环境变得更绿色环保。try one’s best“尽某人最大努力”，固定短语，此处需要形容词性物主代词修饰best，they“他们”，人称代词主格形式，对应的形容词性物主代词是their，因此填their。 3．Every country has ________ own festival activities. (it) 【答案】its 【详解】句意：每个国家都有自己独特的节日活动。结合提示词it及空格后的own可知，此处用形容词性物主代词its，表示“它的”，修饰名词activities。 4．A friend of ________ (we) is going to Tokyo next week. 【答案】ours 【详解】句意：我们的一个朋友下周要去东京。此处为双重所有格结构“a friend of+名词性物主代词”，表示“我们的朋友中的一个”，we对应的名词性物主代词是ours“我们的（朋友）”，故填ours。 5．We can learn a lot from ________ (he) story about different cultures. 【答案】his 【详解】句意：我们可以从他的那篇关于不同文化的故事中学到很多东西。此处是形容词性物主代词来修饰名词story，he的形容词性物主代词是his“他的”。 6．I tried to finish my homework by ________. (I) 【答案】myself 【详解】句意：我试着独自完成家庭作业。I意为“我”，是人称代词主格，此处考查固定短语by oneself，意为“独自”，此处用I的反身代词myself，意为“我自己”。 7．Let me introduce ________. I’m Sarah, and I’m new here. (I) 【答案】myself 【详解】句意：让我介绍一下我自己。我是萨拉，我是新来的。根据“I’m Sarah, and I’m new here.”和“introduce”可知，此处在介绍“我自己”，需用反身代词强调“我自己”，“I”的反身代词是“myself”。故填myself。 8．The parents enjoyed ________ on the farm. (they) 【答案】themselves 【详解】句意：父母在农场玩得很开心。they“他们”，人称代词主格；固定短语“enjoy oneself”意为“玩得开心”，此处需要用they的反身代词themselves。故填themselves。 9．I can finish the project by ________ (I) without asking for others’ help. 【答案】myself 【详解】句意：我可以独自完成这个项目，不用寻求其他人的帮助。I“我”，人称代词主格；by oneself是固定搭配，意为“独自”，此处主语为I，对应的反身代词是myself。故填myself。 10．I want to try ________ (they) on. 【答案】them 【详解】句意：我想试穿一下它们。they“它们”，主格代词，空处作动词try的宾语，所以用they的宾格代词them。故填them。 易混易错 1．It is lucky that most of ________ ________ a happy family. A．us; has B．we; has C．we; have D．us; have 【答案】D 【详解】句意：幸运的是，我们中的大多数人都有一个幸福的家庭。 考查人称代词辨析和动词辨析。us我们，人称代词宾格；has有，第三人称单数形式；we我们，人称代词主格；have有，动词原形。根据第一空前的“of”可知，of为介词，后接人称代词宾格，故第一空需要使用人称代词宾格，故排除B和C；主语“most of us”表示复数概念（多数人），动词需用原形have，故选D。 2．—Whose badminton rocket is that? —It doesn’t belong to _________. Mine is on the table. A．my B．me C．I D．myself 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——那是谁的羽毛球拍？——它不属于我。我的在桌子上。 考查代词辨析。my是形容词性物主代词；me是宾格；I是主格；myself是反身代词。根据“belong to”可知，to是介词，后接宾语，要用宾格形式，故选B。 3．—Are those books_______? —No, they are not mine. They belong to _______. A．yours; he B．yours; his C．yours; him D．your; he 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——那些书是你的吗？——不，它们不是我的。它们属于他。 考查名词性物主代词和人称代词宾格。yours你的，名词性物主代词；he他，人称代词主格；his他的，物主代词；him他，人称代词宾格；your你的，形容词性物主代词。第一空后没有宾语，所填物主代词具有名词性特点，故填yours；第二空中belong to sb.“属于某人”，此处“to”是介词，后接人称代词宾格，故填him。故选C。 4．The tennis racket doesn’t belong to ________. Maybe it’s ________. His name is on it. A．me; Jack B．mine; Jack’s C．me; Jack’s D．mine; Jack 【答案】C 【详解】句意：这副网球拍不属于我。也许它是杰克的。上面有他的名字。 考查代词和所有格的用法。me我，宾格，用于动词或介词后； mine我的，名词性物主代词，用于代替名词； Jack杰克；Jack’s杰克的，为所有格形式，用于表示某物属于某人。 第一空中，“网球拍不属于我”，应选“me”，表示“我”的宾格。 第二空中，“Maybe it’s...”这里表示“也许它是杰克的”，应选“Jack’s”表示“杰克的”。 故选C。 5．Be quick! There is ________ time left. A．few B．little C．a little D．a few 【答案】B 【详解】句意：快点，没时间了。 考查不定代词。few几乎没有，修饰可数名词；little几乎没有，修饰不可数名词；a little有一点，修饰不可数名词；a few有一点，修饰可数名词。根据“Be quick! There is....time left.”可知，此处表达没有时间了，表否定修饰不可数名词time，应用little。故选B。 解题方略 1.物主代词判断法：横线后有名词→形物代；无名词→名物代； 2.看到 by/enjoy/help/teach，直接锁定使用对应反身代词； 3.看到 than 比较句，后文单数名词用 that 替代，复数用 those； 4.看到 some/any：肯定句、委婉请求问句用 some；否定、普通疑问用 any； 5.看到 few/little：看后半句逻辑，无物品、不够用选无 a；还有剩余选带 a； 6.空格后有 of，指两者用 both/either/neither；三者以上用 all/every one。 【基础通关】 一、选择题 1．—_________ hula hoop is this, Danny and Peter? —Sorry, we don’t know. _________ is new. A．What; Our B．Who’s; Mine C．Whose; Ours 【答案】C 【详解】句意：—— 丹尼、彼得，这是谁的呼啦圈？—— 抱歉，我们不知道。我们的是新的。 What什么；Who’s谁是；Whose谁的；Our我们的（形容词性物主代词，后接名词）；Mine我的；Ours我们的（名词性物主代词，单独使用）。 第一空询问物品归属用Whose；第二空后面无名词，用名词性物主代词Ours指代our hula hoop，故选Whose；Ours。 2．—Is this your ball, Sally and Peter? —No, it’s ________. A．his B．mine C．our 【答案】A 【详解】句意：——这是你们的球吗，萨利和彼得？——不，它是他的。 his他的；mine我的；our我们的。根据“No”可知，球不是萨利和彼得的，因此不能用mine，此处没有名词，应该用名词性物主代词。应填his。 3．Wow, so many chocolate eggs! I like these small ________. A．one B．one’s C．ones 【答案】C 【详解】句意：哇，好多巧克力蛋！我喜欢这些小的。 one指代单数可数名词；one’s是所有格形式；ones指代复数可数名词。前文chocolate eggs为复数，these后需用复数代词ones替代，契合句子语境。 4．________ Lucy and Lily like music, so they joined the Singing Club. A．Both B．All C．Every D．Each 【答案】A 【详解】句意：露西和莉莉都喜欢音乐，所以她们加入了歌唱俱乐部。 Both（两者）都；All（三者或三者以上）都；Every每一个；Each每一个。根据“Lucy and Lily”可知主语是两个人，排除B和C。Both...and...是固定搭配，表示“两者都”，谓语动词用复数like，符合语境。 5．_________ careless of you to make lots of mistakes. A．That’s B．It’s C．It D．Is 【答案】B 【详解】句意：你犯了很多错误真是太粗心了。 固定结构“It’s+adj.+of sb.+to do sth.”表示“某人做某事是……的”，其中it作形式主语，真正的主语是动词不定式。 6．We should do _________ best to build a clean and nice school. A．our B．ours C．us D．we 【答案】A 【详解】句意：我们应该尽我们最大的努力去建设一个干净美好的学校。 our我们的（形容词性物主代词）；ours我们的（名词性物主代词）；us我们（宾格）；we我们（主格）。固定短语do one’s best意为“尽某人最大努力”，one’s处需用形容词性物主代词。主语是We，对应的形容词性物主代词是our。 7．Mr and Mrs Green are Tom’s parents. He is ________ son. A．them B．they C．theirs D．their 【答案】D 【详解】句意：格林先生和格林太太是汤姆的父母。他是他们的儿子。 them他们（宾格）；they他们（主格）；theirs他们的（名词性物主代词）；their他们的（形容词性物主代词）。根据空格后名词son可知，此处需用形容词性物主代词修饰名词，指代“格林夫妇的”，应填their。 8．With the development of AI technology, ________ road accidents will happen in the future. A．a few B．few C．a little D．little 【答案】B 【详解】句意：随着人工智能技术的发展，未来将几乎不会有交通事故发生。 a few一些；few很少；a little一点；little很少。根据“road accidents”可知是可数名词复数，排除修饰不可数名词的C和D；再根据“With the development of AI technology”可知科技发展会使交通更安全，事故变少，表否定含义，应用few。 9．Is there ________ we can do for you? A．everything B．nothing C．something D．anything 【答案】D 【详解】句意：有什么我们可以为你做的吗？ everything每件事；nothing没有什么；something某事；anything任何事。something通常用于肯定句，anything通常用于否定句和疑问句。本句是一般疑问句，应用anything。 10．Is there _________ new in today’s newspaper? A．something B．anything C．nothing D．everything 【答案】B 【详解】句意：今天的报纸上有什么新鲜事吗？ something某事，用于肯定句；anything任何事物，用于否定句、疑问句；nothing有什么；everything一切。本句是一般疑问句，疑问句中要用anything，固定搭配anything new“新鲜事”。应填anything。 二、语法选择 Choose the best answer（选择最恰当的答案，每题只有一个正确答案） The weather in Shanghai changes a lot all year round. 11 is important to check the weather report before going out, for bad weather may stop our plans. 12 are four clear seasons here. One of my favourite 13 is spring. In spring, it is 14 warm and rainy. We 15 take umbrellas when it rains heavily. When summer comes, days become hot. My family and I always turn 16 the electric fan at home. The fan is made 17 plastic and metal. It works well for three years. Autumn brings cool wind. We love it because the sky is clean and bright. Winter is cold. The air is cool and windy. It makes 18 wear thick coats. Sometimes we feel quite cold. 19 winter is chilly, we still enjoy walking in the park. It seldom 20 in Shanghai. Different weather brings different feelings. It teaches us to wear proper clothes and arrange daily activities well. 11．A．It B．That C．This 12．A．They B．These C．There 13．A．season B．seasons C．season’s 14．A．usually B．never C．hardly 15．A．can B．may C．should 16．A．down B．off C．on 17．A．in B．of C．from 18．A．we B．our C．us 19．A．Though B．But C．Because 20．A．snow B．snows C．snowed 【答案】 11．A 12．C 13．B 14．A 15．C 16．C 17．B 18．C 19．A 20．B 【导语】本文主要介绍上海四季分明的气候特点，以及不同天气对人们穿衣和日常活动安排的影响，强调适应天气变化的重要性。 【详解】11．句意：出门前查看天气预报是很重要的。 根据“It is+ adj.+to do sth.”，it作形式主语，真正主语是后面不定式结构，that、this不能充当形式主语。 12．句意：这里有四个明显的季节。 根据“…are four clear seasons”，可知表示“某地有某物”；根据语境，介绍上海季节情况，需用There be结构，表示“存在有”，they、these无法构成该句型。 13．句意：我最喜欢的季节之一是春天。 one of+可数名词复数，表示“……之一”，season复数形式为seasons，单数season、所有格season’s均不符合语法结构。 14．句意：在春天，天气通常温暖且多雨。 根据“In spring, it is _______ warm and rainy.”，可知需填频率副词。usually意为通常，符合上海春季常规气候特点。never从不、hardly几乎不，和春季多雨温暖的常识相悖。 15．句意：当雨下得大时，我们应该带伞。 根据“We _______ take umbrellas.”，可知表示建议或义务，根据语境，下雨带伞是合理建议。should表示建议、应当，贴合雨天出行的合理提醒。can能够、may可以，语气不符合劝导语境。 16．句意：我和家人总是打开家里的电风扇。 根据语境，夏天热需要开风扇。turn on是固定搭配，意为打开电器。turn down调小、turn off关闭，和天热开风扇语境不符。 17．句意：风扇是由塑料和金属制成的。 根据“plastic and metal”可知成品能看出原材料，be made of固定搭配，看得出原材料，桌椅能直接看出塑料、金属材质。be made in后接地点，be made from看不出原材料。 18．句意：它使我们穿厚外套。 make是使役动词，后接人称代词宾格作宾语，us是we的宾格。we主格、our形容词性物主代词均不能作宾语。 19．句意：虽然冬天寒冷，我们仍喜欢在公园散步。 根据“…winter is chilly, we still…”，可知前后句意转折，需让步状语从句，though引导让步状语从句，意为虽然、尽管。but但是表转折、because因为表原因，逻辑不符。 20．句意：上海很少下雪。 主语it指代天气，为第三人称单数，一般现在时谓语动词用三单形式snows。snow原形、snowed过去式均不匹配时态主谓一致。 三、阅读理解 阅读下面五个语段，从给定的选项中选择一个最符合其主旨的标题。每个语段只对应一个最佳标题。 21 . Peter is not happy today. He gets up at half past seven, so he doesn’t have time to have breakfast. He also misses the school bus and is late for school. In the maths class, he gets a “C” for his homework. After school, he goes back home and wants to help his mum with dinner. But he cuts his finger (手指). 22 . Jeff was busy and didn’t have time to cook healthy meals. He often had fast food on the way to and from work. His kitchen was full of junk food. Jeff was fat. His doctor told him to eat less and gave him a diet plan, but Jeff couldn’t follow it. 23 . It is 9:00 on Saturday morning. Jenny is at a shop with her parents. Her father David wants to buy a T-shirt. Her mother Sally wants to buy some vegetables and fruit. Jenny wants to buy some school things and a new skirt. 24 . I have to get up at 6:00 a.m. and go to bed by 9:30 p.m. every day. In my free time, I can’t go out with friends. I have to study English. My parents also ask me not to eat junk food. 60 . In the morning, I get up at seven. Then I go to school at seven thirty. After school, I often play basketball for half an hour. When I get home, I always do my homework first. A．Bad eating habits     B．Family rules for a student     C．Shopping    D．My daily life    E. A bad day 【培优提升】 一、句型转换 1．In Kunming, ________ is cool in summer because it often rains. A．there B．it C．they D．that 【答案】B 【详解】句意：在昆明，夏天很凉爽，因为经常下雨。 there那里；it它；they他们/它们；that那个。英语中常用it来指代天气、温度、季节等，此处指代“昆明夏天的天气”，需用it作形式主语，因此选B。 2．In Australia, ________ is winter in July. A．there B．it C．they D．this 【答案】B 【详解】句意：在澳大利亚，七月是冬天。 there那里；it可用来指代时间、季节等；they指代复数的人或事物；this这个。根据语境可知此处用“it”指代七月这个时间或季节。 3．________ is fun to make snowmen with friends in winter. A．There B．It C．This D．That 【答案】B 【详解】句意：冬天和朋友们一起堆雪人很有趣。 There那里；It它；This这个；That那个。根据固定句型“It is + 形容词 + to do sth.”做某事是……的，it作形式主语，真正主语为后面的动词不定式to make snowmen。结合句型结构，应填It。 4．Everyone should do ________ best to save water in daily life. A．my B．your C．their D．our 【答案】C 【详解】句意：在日常生活中每个人都应该尽自己最大的努力来节约用水。 my我的；your你的；their他们的；our我们的。根据“Everyone should do...best to save water in daily life.”可知，此处指每个人都应该尽自己的最大努力，主语是Everyone，此处用their指代“每个人的”。应填their。 5．My grandpa is in the garden and ________ is taking photos of the flowers. A．he B．him C．his D．himself 【答案】A 【详解】句意：我的爷爷在花园里，他正在给花拍照。 考查代词辨析。he他，人称代词主格；him他，人称代词宾格；his他的，物主代词；himself他自己，反身代词。指代前文的“my grandpa”，应是“他”，且作主语应用主格he。故选A。 6．—To make delicious Rainbow Beef, we also need some onions. —Check the fridge. We still have ________ onions. We don’t need to buy more. A．a few B．a little C．little D．few 【答案】A 【详解】句意：——为了做美味的彩虹牛肉，我们还需要一些洋葱。——检查冰箱。我们还有一些洋葱。我们不需要再买了。 考查不定代词辨析。a few一些，用于可数名词；a little一点，用于不可数名词；little很少，用于不可数名词；few很少，用于可数名词。根据“We don’t need to buy more.”可知，我们不需要再买更多的洋葱了，说明洋葱数量足够，onions“洋葱”，可数名词复数形式。故选A。 7．Grandma enjoyed _________ so much on her seventieth birthday. A．she B．her C．herself D．hers 【答案】C 【详解】句意：奶奶在七十岁生日时非常开心。 考查反身代词的用法。she她，人称代词主格；her她，人称代词宾格；herself她自己，反身代词；hers她的，名词性物主代词。enjoy oneself为固定搭配，表示“玩得开心”，此处主语Grandma为女性，故用反身代词herself。故选C。 8．________ has a chance to share his or her work in the calligraphy club. A．Nobody B．Someone C．Everyone D．No one 【答案】C 【详解】句意：在书法俱乐部里每个人都有机会分享自己的作品。 考查不定代词辨析。Nobody没有人；Someone某人；Everyone每个人；No one没有人。结合语境，这里强调的是俱乐部里的每一个人都有分享作品的机会，“Everyone”符合题意，表示整体概念上的“每个人都……”。故选C。 9．Maths and physics are my favourite subjects because ________ of them are very interesting. A．both B．either C．all D．anything 【答案】A 【详解】句意：数学和物理是我最喜欢的科目，因为它们两者都非常有趣。 考查代词辨析。both两者都；either（两者中的）任何一个；all（三者或三者以上）都；anything任何事物。根据“Maths and physics”可知，此处指两门学科，且强调“两者都有趣”，符合语境，故选A。 10．I think ________ interesting to take up a new hobby in the new term. A．that B．this C．it D．one 【答案】C 【详解】句意：我认为在新学期培养一个新爱好很有趣。 考查it作形式宾语。that那个，远指；this这个，近指；it它，指代上文提到的同一事物，也可以作形式宾语或形式主语；one一个，泛指同类事物中的一个。根据“I think”和“interesting to take up a new hobby”可知，此处需要代词it来指代to take up作形式宾语，真正的宾语是to take up a new hobby。it作形式宾语的句式结构一般为“主语+think+it+adj.+to do sth”表示“某人认为做某事是……的”。故选C。 二、语法选择 Choose the best answer（选择最恰当的答案，每题只有一个正确答案） This summer, it was very hot in Europe. Firefighters fought against 11 wildfires (野火) in many European countries. And a lot of people died 12 the heat wave. However, according to a survey, only about 20% of homes in Europe have air conditioners, compared to 90% in the US. Why is that? First, usually it isn’t very hot in Europe in summer because of its 13 . Europe lies farther north than the US, making the weather cooler. The average temperature in July in London is 21℃, which is 10 degrees cooler than that in New York. Second, there are many old houses in Europe. More than half of the houses in Europe were built in the last century. The weather then was not as 14 as it is nowadays. Naturally, air conditioners were unnecessary. What’s more, those old houses’ structure (构造) and material make it harder and more expensive to install air conditioners. Installing an air conditioner could 15 more than the air conditioner 16 . As for 17 reasons, they can be very personal. Some people think air conditioners make them sick, 18 they don’t accept air conditioners. Some think 19 air conditioners produces much greenhouse gas. It is bad for the environment and makes the weather even 20 ! But things will probably change in the coming years. With higher and higher temperatures, more and more Europeans are considering air conditioners these days. 11．A．hundred of B．hundreds of C．hundreds D．a hundred of 12．A．because B．so C．therefore D．because of 13．A．location B．weather C．shape D．environment 14．A．heat B．hottest C．hotter D．hot 15．A．spend B．pay C．cost D．take 16．A．themselves B．itself C．it D．them 17．A．other B．the other C．the others D．others 18．A．but B．because C．so D．and 19．A．use B．using C．to use D．used 20．A．hot B．hotter C．hottest D．more hot 【答案】 11．B 12．D 13．A 14．D 15．C 16．B 17．A 18．C 19．B 20．B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，文章从地理位置、房屋历史和个人原因几个方面解释了欧洲人家里很少装空调的原因。 11．句意：消防员在欧洲多国与数百场野火搏斗。 根据空格后接的复数名词“wildfires”可知，hundred百，其复数形式hundreds+of翻译为数百，后接复数名词，符合题意。 12．句意：很多人死于热浪。 根据上半句“a lot of people died”和下半句“the heat wave”可以推断，热浪是很多人死去的原因，because和because of都是因为的意思，但because是连词后面需要接句子，because of后可接短语表示原因，符合题意。 13．句意：首先，由于它的地理位置，欧洲在夏天并不热。 根据后文“Europe lies farther north than the US”可知，欧洲比美国更靠北方，故可以推断这里说的是欧洲的位置。 14．句意：那时的天气没有像现在这么热。 as+形容词原级+as表示“像……一样……”，hot热，的符合情景。 15．句意：安装一台空调的费用可能超过空调本身。 根据推断此处需要使用“花费”一词，此句“Installing an air conditioner”做主语，物品、事件做主语时，花费一词使用cost。 16．句意：安装一台空调的费用可能超过空调本身。 此处需要一个反身代词来指代它本身，这里指代的是“the air conditioner”，单数名词且为物品，故使用itself。 17．句意：至于其他原因，可能非常个人化。 根据后文“Some people think air conditioners make them sick...they don’t accept air conditioners. Some think...air conditioners produces much greenhouse gas...”可知，介绍了一些不安装空调的个人原因，故此处说的是其他原因。选项中other表示其他的，符合题意。 18．句意：一些人认为空调会让他们生病，所以他们不接受空调。 根据前文“Some people think air conditioners make them sick,”和后文“they don’t accept air conditioners.”可知，前后文为因果关系，前文是原因，后文是结果，故此处需要表示结果的连词so。 19．句意：一些人认为使用空调会产生大量的温室气体。 这里“使用空调”做主语，是动词短语做主语，要使用其动名词形式。 20．句意：这对环境有害并且让天气变得更热。 even+形容词比较级，表示“甚至更……”，hot的比较级是hotter。 三、阅读理解 左栏描述了五个人的信息，右栏是五条人们要遵守的规则。请为每个人选择应该遵守的规则。 21 Jack is 21 years old. He finds a part-time job at a zoo. He likes animals. 22 Molly likes reading very much. She wants to go to the library today with her classmates. 23 Dave always throws things everywhere and makes the house dirty. His mum asks him to tidy it up. 24 Alan wants to go to Zhuhai Museum this Sunday with his friends. They will take their phones with them. 25 Cindy moves to a new city with her family. She goes to a new school. And the teacher is talking about some rules in this school. A．We shouldn’t take photos in the museum. We must not run after each other. We can’t eat in the museum. We can’t talk loudly. We shouldn’t throw rubbish everywhere. B．Please arrive at the zoo on time at 7:00 on Saturday. Please show your love to the animals. Don’t play games on your phone during work time.     C． We can’t eat in the classroom but in the dining hall. We shouldn’t wear a hat in class or fight with our classmates. Remember to wear the school uniform. D．First, make the bed. Then, put your clothes away. Don’t throw them everywhere. Next, pick up your books and put them back onto the bookshelf. E. Keep quiet. Put the books back when you finish reading them. Don’t eat inside and please keep the library clean. If you have any problem, please ask the librarians for help. 【答案】21．B 22．E 23．D 24．A 25．C 【导语】本文是根据五个人的不同情况为他们匹配合适的规则或要求信息。 21．根据“Jack is 21 years old. He finds a part-time job at a zoo. He likes animals.”可知，杰克21岁，在动物园找到一份兼职工作，他喜欢动物。选项B“请在周六7点准时到达动物园。请向动物们展示你的爱心。工作时间不要玩手机游戏。”与之匹配，因为提到了动物园以及工作时的要求，适合在动物园兼职的杰克。故选B。 22．根据“Molly likes reading very much. She wants to go to the library today with her classmates.”可知，莫莉非常喜欢阅读，她今天想和同学去图书馆。选项E“保持安静。读完书后把书放回原处。不要在里面吃东西，请保持图书馆清洁。如果你有任何问题，请向图书管理员寻求帮助。”与之匹配，因为提到了图书馆以及在图书馆应遵守的规则，适合喜欢去图书馆阅读的莫莉。故选E。 23．根据“Dave always throws things everywhere and makes the house dirty. His mum asks him to tidy it up.”可知，戴夫总是把东西扔得到处都是，把房子弄得很脏，他妈妈让他整理。选项D“首先，整理床铺。然后，把你的衣服收起来。不要把它们扔得到处都是。接下来，拿起你的书，把它们放回书架上。”与之匹配，因为详细说明了整理房间的步骤，适合需要整理房间的戴夫。故选D。 24．根据“Alan wants to go to Zhuhai Museum this Sunday with his friends. They will take their phones with them.”可知，艾伦这个星期天想和他的朋友们去珠海博物馆，他们会带上手机。选项A“我们不应该在博物馆拍照。我们必须不要互相追逐。我们不能在博物馆吃东西。我们不能大声说话。我们不应该到处扔垃圾。”与之匹配，因为提到了在博物馆应遵守的规则，适合要去博物馆的艾伦和他的朋友们。故选A。 25．根据“Cindy moves to a new city with her family. She goes to a new school. And the teacher is talking about some rules in this school.”可知，辛迪和家人搬到一个新城市，她去了新学校，老师正在讲学校的一些规则。选项C“我们不能在教室里吃东西，但可以在食堂吃。我们不应该在课堂上戴帽子或和同学打架。记得穿校服。”与之匹配，因为提到了学校的一些规则，适合刚到新学校听老师讲规则的辛迪。故选C。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $衔接点02 代词（小初考点差异及衔接） 小学视角 初中展望 1. 仅背诵人称代词主格、宾格基础表格； 2. 只掌握形容词性物主代词和认识名词性物主代词，不理解本质区别； 3. 区分规则简单：句首主语用主格，动词 / 介词后用宾格； 4. 题型单一：单句选词、词形填空，句子短、无复杂语境； 5. 无反身代词、指示代词拓展、不定代词辨析知识点； 6. 不考察代词替代、主谓一致、双重所有格结合代词。 1. 完整两套物主代词系统，区分形物代 / 名物代，结合双重所有格综合考察； 2. 全套反身代词变形 + 课内高频固定短语、高阶语境运用； 3. 指示代词 this/that/these/those 可替代前文单数 / 复数名词，避免重复； 4. 不定代词分层辨析：some/any；many/much；few/a few/little/a little；everyone/every one；all/both/either/neither（分班难点）； 5. 代词覆盖句子六大成分，完形填空结合上下文指代解题； 6. 新增 it 作形式主语 / 形式宾语高阶用法； 7. 综合题型：句型转换、语法选择、完形、汉译英、写作指代运用。 衔接引导 小学阶段： 知识点碎片化，只停留在单句固定位置选词，不需要理解上下文指代。题目有极强提示：句首直接填主格、动词后直接填宾格，只考察单词变形，不存在语境陷阱，学生靠背表格就能做对全部题目，无易混淆同类代词对比。 初中阶段： 代词是整套语法拉分核心，难点多层叠加： 1.体系扩容：新增名词性物主代词、反身代词、四类不定代词、it 特殊句型； 2.逻辑升级：不再依靠位置判断，需要读懂上下文，判断代词指代前文人 / 物； 3.陷阱密集：否定不定代词、主谓一致、it’s/its 混淆、反身代词单复数错写、some/any 特殊场景极易丢分； 4.题型综合：完形填空、短文填空会把多种代词混合辨析，句型转换要求物主代词相互转换，写作要求用代词替换名词减少重复。 小学考点梳理 考点一 人称代词 人称代词用来指代人 / 动物，分为主格（动作发出者）、宾格（动作承受者） 人称分类 单数主格（作主语） 单数宾格（作宾语） 复数主格（作主语） 复数宾格（作宾语） 第一人称 I 我 me 我 we 我们 us 我们 第二人称 you 你 you 你 you 你们 you 你们 第三人称 he 他 she 她 it 它 him 他 her 她 it 它 they 他们 / 她们 / 它们 them 他们 / 她们 / 它们 使用规则 1.主格用法：放在句子最前面，是动作的发出者，后直接接谓语动词 例句：She draws pictures every day. 她每天画画。 解析：she 是画画这个动作的发出者，作主语，用主格。 2.宾格用法：放在实义动词、介词的后面，是动作的承受对象 ① 动词后：My mother loves me. 妈妈爱我。（love 是动词，后面用宾格 me） ② 介词后：Play basketball with us. 和我们一起打篮球。（with 介词，后接宾格 us） 特殊基础提示 you、it 的主格和宾格拼写完全一致，只能靠在句中的位置区分。 考点二 形容词性物主代词 形容词性物主代词（后 + 名词） 名词性物主代词（独立使用，不加名词） 中文含义 my mine 我的 your yours 你的 / 你们的 his his 他的（形物代、名物代拼写相同） her hers 她的 its its 它的 our ours 我们的 their theirs 他们的 考点三 ×××× 典例示范 1．_____ robots can help people do the housework. A．This B．That C．Those 2．_______ sneakers look really great on you. A．This B．That C．Those 3．—______ books are these? —They are Mary’s. A．Whose B．Who C．What 4．The children enjoyed _____ in the park. A．they B．themselves C．them 5．Help ________ to some meat, children. A．yourself B．myself C．yourselves 即学即练习 1．—Is this (she) hat? —No, it isn’t. (she) is blue. 2．Danny has three kites. She likes all of (they). 3．Let (he) do (he) homework. 4．Both of (they) go home on foot. 5．Excuse me. I’m doing a survey. Can I ask you (some) questions? 6．Please give (they) sister some sweets. 7．Look at the old man. Let’s go and help (he). 8．—May I use (you) car?   —Sorry. (I) is not here. 9． (they) classroom is next to (we). 10．—Is this your kite? —No, it’s not (I). It’s (I) sister’s. 11．These paints are (you). Put all (you) paints on the desk. 12． (we) classroom is on the (three) floor. (they) is on the (two) floor. 13．— (who) brush is this?    —It’s (she). 14．Mr Li teaches (we) English. He’s a good (teach). 15．—Are those (we) notebooks? —No, they are (they). 易混易错 1．Ann is lonely(孤独的). She is playing by ________. A．she B．her C．herself D．me 2．We can help _______. A．other each B．each other C．one other 3．It was warm inside. George enjoyed _______ very much. A．him B．his C．himself 4．—________ he? —He’s Mr Li. A．Whose B．Who’s C．Who 5．—I don’t want _____ beef. —I don’t want beef _____. A．some; either B．any; too C．any; either D．any; also 解题方略 1.横线在句子开头，后面直接跟动词 → 主格； 2.横线在动词 / 介词后面 → 宾格； 3.横线后面紧跟着物品名词 → 形容词性物主代词。 【基础通关】 一、单项选择 1．—Are these your notebooks? —No, they’re ________. A．mine B．her C．theirs 2．—Shall we get ________ green tea, Mum? —________ A．some; OK. B．any; No, you can’t. C．many; Sure. 3．—This cap is Danny’s. That one is John’s. —Please put ________ caps on the table. A．both B．all C．all the 4．—These dresses are nice. Why not try on both? —But I like ________. It’s long. A．the green shirt B．the yellow one C．both of them 5．Eddie is my brother. We ________ like playing badminton. A．both B．all C．together 6．Tommy and Jack are my friends. Now we are ______ in the gym. A．same B．both C．all 7．You shouldn’t drink ______ soft drinks either. They are bad for your teeth. A．too many B．too much C．some 8．The tiger is the king of the forest. All the animals are afraid of ______. A．he B．his C．him 9．—Would you like ______ tea? —Yes, please. A．any B．some C．many 10．—______ did you take to the SUNNY party? —A shiny hat. A．How B．What C．Why 二、填空题 用they, themselves, their, them, we填空，每词限用一次。 11．Look at the elephants. noses are very long. 12．Tom and I are in the hospital. don’t feel well. 13．The animals hide in the forest. 14．These soft drinks are bad for your teeth. Please don’t drink . 15．—Where are Kitty and Alice? — are at the dentist’s. 三、完形填空 Nowadays, the fastest way of travelling is by air. With a modern airline (航空公司) people can travel to a place which is far away from us in about one day. But a hundred years ago, we usually 16 a month or more getting there. Travelling by train is always 17 the top of people’s list. It is slower than a plane, but it has its advantages (优点). People can see the beautiful scenery outside of the windows. Modern trains have comfortable seats. People can enjoy 18 during the trip. Most people think travelling by sea is boring because it is very slow and takes a long time. But some people still prefer to travel by sea when possible. They want 19 the large and beautiful view of the sea when travelling. Some people like to travel by car. They can make their own timetable. They can stop where there is 20 interesting to see or where they find a good hotel to spend the night. 16．A．spend B．will spend C．spent 17．A．above B．at C．in 18．A．themselves B．them C．their 19．A．to enjoy B．enjoying C．enjoy 20．A．nothing B．something C．everything 【培优提升】 一、单项选择 1．Whose brush is this? Is it ______, Ben? A．my B．yours C．her 2．Linda likes Alice’s school bag because ______ thinks ______ is nice. A．her; hers B．she; her C．she; hers 3．—Is this your tape? —No, it’s ______. A．mine B．your C．yours 4．______ film do you want to see, Swan Lake or Snow White? A．Which B．What C．Who 5．—Which apples do you like? —I like ______. A．red B．the red C．the red ones 6．The three students are from Park Primary School. They ______ like sports. A．all B．both C．same 7．They ______ in Rainbow Primary School. They ______ in a tall building. A．all are; all live B．are all; all live C．are all; live all 8．This shirt is too small. Please give me a ______. A．small one B．big ones C．big one 9．_____ share one bedroom. A．Paul and I B．I and Paul C．Paul 10．Let _______ do our homework. A．us B．her C．she 二、填空题 What    Where    How    How’s    Whose 11．— the weather in January? —It's cold. 12．— do you live? —I live in Shanghai. 13．— does it feel? —It is hard. 14．— do you like doing? —I like playing football. 15．— bag is it? —It's my mother's. 三、完形填空 Many children like to 16 because there are many interesting programmes on TV. 17 they don’t know watching TV for a long time is bad for their 18 . If we look at the children around us, we can see many children wearing 19 even at six or seven years old. So their parents and teachers should tell 20 not to keep watching TV for a long time. 16．A．play games B．watch TV C．play football 17．A．Or B．And C．But 18．A．ears B．eyes C．noses 19．A．glasses B．gloves C．hats 20．A．their B．them C．they 初中考点梳理 考点一 形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词 名词性物主代词 = 形容词性物主代词 + 前文提到的名词，单独作主语、表语、宾语，后面绝对不能再加名词。 例句 This is my book. = This book is mine. These are their desks. = These desks are theirs. 易错 ①：双重所有格结合名物代 结构：a/any/some + 名词 + of + 名词性物主代词 含义：…… 众多当中的一个，表部分所属 例句：a friend of mine 我众多朋友中的一位 区分对比 a photo of me 照片里的人是我本人 a photo of mine 这张照片归我所有（照片内容不一定是我） ②：物主代词句型转换 原题：That is her pencil.（改为同义句） 转换：That pencil is hers. 考点二 反身代词 单数反身代词 复数反身代词 myself 我自己 ourselves 我们自己 yourself 你自己 yourselves 你们自己 himself 他自己 themselves 他们 / 她们 / 它们自己 herself 她自己 itself 它自己 变形规律 1.一、二人称：形物代 + self/selves → myself, yourself, ourselves, yourselves 2.第三人称：宾格 + self/selves → himself, herself, itself, themselves 短语 enjoy oneself 玩得开心 help oneself to sth. 随便享用某物 teach oneself = learn by oneself 自学 hurt oneself 弄伤自己 look after oneself 照顾自己 注意： 1.作同位语，加强语气，译为 “亲自、本人” I myself finished all the homework. 我独自完成了全部作业。 2.by + 反身代词 = alone 独自，无他人帮忙 She can’t finish the work by herself. 她无法独自完成这份工作。 3.复数反身代词结尾是 selves，不可写作 selfs：ourselves（√）ourself（×） 考点三 指示代词 this /that/these /those 区分 1.this（这个，近单数）；these（这些，近复数） 2.that（那个，远单数）；those（那些，远复数） 难点：that/those 替代前文名词，避免重复（阅读、完形高频） 1.that 替代前文单数 / 不可数名词 The weather in Shanghai is warmer than that in Beijing. that 指代前文 the weather，避免重复写 weather。 2.those 替代前文复数可数名词 The bags of girls are lighter than those of boys. those 指代前文 bags。 考点四 不定代词 分组 1 some & any some：用于肯定陈述句，表 “一些”；修饰可数复数 / 不可数 I have some milk and some storybooks. any：用于否定句、普通疑问句 I don’t have any pens. Do you have any water? 特殊考点（易错拉分点） 委婉请求、期待对方肯定回答的疑问句，不用 any，改用 some Would you like some orange juice?（√） Would you like any orange juice?（×） 分组 2 many & much（可数 / 不可数严格区分） many + 可数名词复数，可用于肯定、否定、疑问 many students 许多学生 much + 不可数名词，多用于否定、疑问句；肯定句常用 a lot of 替换 much time 大量时间 变形：many/much 比较级都是 more，最高级 most 分组 3 few /a few & little /a little（完形第一大陷阱，肯定否定区分） 搭配名词 带 a（表肯定：有一点） 无 a（表否定：几乎没有） 可数名词复数 a few few 不可数名词 a little little 例句对比 There is a little bread left. 还剩一点面包（还有，能吃） There is little bread left. 几乎没有面包了（不够吃） A few boys like drawing. 有几个男生喜欢画画。 Few boys like drawing. 几乎没有男生喜欢画画。 分组 4 all /both/either /neither（预初难点，易混淆） both：两者都，后接复数名词，谓语复数 Both of my parents like reading. all：三者及以上全部，可修饰单复数 All the students are here. either：两者任意一个，谓语单数 Either answer is right. neither：两者都不，表否定，谓语单数 Neither of the two books is mine. 分组 5 everyone & every one（易混词义辨析） everyone：只能指人，不能接 of 短语，谓语单数 Everyone has his own dream. every one：可指人 / 物，后面必须搭配 of 短语 Every one of the flowers is beautiful. 考点五 代词在句子六大成分 1.主语（主格、指示代词、不定代词）：They go to school together. 2.宾语（宾格、名物代、反身代词）：My dad takes me to the park. 3.表语（名词性物主代词、反身代词）：The nice watch is yours. 4.定语（形容词性物主代词）：His new bike is red. 5.同位语（反身代词加强语气）：I myself cleaned the room. 6.宾语补足语（宾格）：We call him Tom. 考点六 it 特殊高阶用法 1.it 指代天气、时间、距离 It is seven o’clock. It rains a lot in spring. 2.it 作形式主语，真正主语后置 to do It is easy to learn English well.（真正主语：to learn English well） 3.it 作形式宾语 I find it interesting to read novels.（真正宾语：to read novels） 典例示范 1．Every time I visit the West Lake, ________ beautiful sights can always make ________ relax. A．its; my B．its; me C．it’s; my D．it’s; me 2．If you don’t have breakfast, you may find ________ easy to get hungry in the morning. A．it B．it’s C．this D．that 3．Is there ________ in today’s newspaper, Linda? A．anything exciting B．anything excited C．exciting anything D．excited anything 4．Tom’s favourite sport is different from ______. A．I B．me C．my D．mine 5．We have got two answers to the solution, and _________ of them are correct. A．neither B．none C．all D．both 即学即练习 1．Your club is more exciting than ________ (I). 2．Citizens should try _________ best to make the environment greener. (they) 3．Every country has ________ own festival activities. (it) 4．A friend of ________ (we) is going to Tokyo next week. 5．We can learn a lot from ________ (he) story about different cultures. 6．I tried to finish my homework by ________. (I) 7．Let me introduce ________. I’m Sarah, and I’m new here. (I) 8．The parents enjoyed ________ on the farm. (they) 9．I can finish the project by ________ (I) without asking for others’ help. 10．I want to try ________ (they) on. 易混易错 1．It is lucky that most of ________ ________ a happy family. A．us; has B．we; has C．we; have D．us; have 2．—Whose badminton rocket is that? —It doesn’t belong to _________. Mine is on the table. A．my B．me C．I D．myself 3．—Are those books_______? —No, they are not mine. They belong to _______. A．yours; he B．yours; his C．yours; him D．your; he 4．The tennis racket doesn’t belong to ________. Maybe it’s ________. His name is on it. A．me; Jack B．mine; Jack’s C．me; Jack’s D．mine; Jack 5．Be quick! There is ________ time left. A．few B．little C．a little D．a few 解题方略 1.物主代词判断法：横线后有名词→形物代；无名词→名物代； 2.看到 by/enjoy/help/teach，直接锁定使用对应反身代词； 3.看到 than 比较句，后文单数名词用 that 替代，复数用 those； 4.看到 some/any：肯定句、委婉请求问句用 some；否定、普通疑问用 any； 5.看到 few/little：看后半句逻辑，无物品、不够用选无 a；还有剩余选带 a； 6.空格后有 of，指两者用 both/either/neither；三者以上用 all/every one。 【基础通关】 一、单项选择 1．—_________ hula hoop is this, Danny and Peter? —Sorry, we don’t know. _________ is new. A．What; Our B．Who’s; Mine C．Whose; Ours 2．—Is this your ball, Sally and Peter? —No, it’s ________. A．his B．mine C．our 3．Wow, so many chocolate eggs! I like these small ________. A．one B．one’s C．ones 4．________ Lucy and Lily like music, so they joined the Singing Club. A．Both B．All C．Every D．Each 5．_________ careless of you to make lots of mistakes. A．That’s B．It’s C．It D．Is 6．We should do _________ best to build a clean and nice school. A．our B．ours C．us D．we 7．Mr and Mrs Green are Tom’s parents. He is ________ son. A．them B．they C．theirs D．their 8．With the development of AI technology, ________ road accidents will happen in the future. A．a few B．few C．a little D．little 9．Is there ________ we can do for you? A．everything B．nothing C．something D．anything 10．Is there _________ new in today’s newspaper? A．something B．anything C．nothing D．everything 二、语法选择 Choose the best answer（选择最恰当的答案，每题只有一个正确答案） The weather in Shanghai changes a lot all year round. 11 is important to check the weather report before going out, for bad weather may stop our plans. 12 are four clear seasons here. One of my favourite 13 is spring. In spring, it is 14 warm and rainy. We 15 take umbrellas when it rains heavily. When summer comes, days become hot. My family and I always turn 16 the electric fan at home. The fan is made 17 plastic and metal. It works well for three years. Autumn brings cool wind. We love it because the sky is clean and bright. Winter is cold. The air is cool and windy. It makes 18 wear thick coats. Sometimes we feel quite cold. 19 winter is chilly, we still enjoy walking in the park. It seldom 20 in Shanghai. Different weather brings different feelings. It teaches us to wear proper clothes and arrange daily activities well. 11．A．It B．That C．This 12．A．They B．These C．There 13．A．season B．seasons C．season’s 14．A．usually B．never C．hardly 15．A．can B．may C．should 16．A．down B．off C．on 17．A．in B．of C．from 18．A．we B．our C．us 19．A．Though B．But C．Because 20．A．snow B．snows C．snowed 三、阅读理解 阅读下面五个语段，从给定的选项中选择一个最符合其主旨的标题。每个语段只对应一个最佳标题。 21 . Peter is not happy today. He gets up at half past seven, so he doesn’t have time to have breakfast. He also misses the school bus and is late for school. In the maths class, he gets a “C” for his homework. After school, he goes back home and wants to help his mum with dinner. But he cuts his finger (手指). 22 . Jeff was busy and didn’t have time to cook healthy meals. He often had fast food on the way to and from work. His kitchen was full of junk food. Jeff was fat. His doctor told him to eat less and gave him a diet plan, but Jeff couldn’t follow it. 23 . It is 9:00 on Saturday morning. Jenny is at a shop with her parents. Her father David wants to buy a T-shirt. Her mother Sally wants to buy some vegetables and fruit. Jenny wants to buy some school things and a new skirt. 24 . I have to get up at 6:00 a.m. and go to bed by 9:30 p.m. every day. In my free time, I can’t go out with friends. I have to study English. My parents also ask me not to eat junk food. 60 . In the morning, I get up at seven. Then I go to school at seven thirty. After school, I often play basketball for half an hour. When I get home, I always do my homework first. A．Bad eating habits     B．Family rules for a student     C．Shopping    D．My daily life    E. A bad day 【培优提升】 一、句型转换 1．In Kunming, ________ is cool in summer because it often rains. A．there B．it C．they D．that 2．In Australia, ________ is winter in July. A．there B．it C．they D．this 3．________ is fun to make snowmen with friends in winter. A．There B．It C．This D．That 4．Everyone should do ________ best to save water in daily life. A．my B．your C．their D．our 5．My grandpa is in the garden and ________ is taking photos of the flowers. A．he B．him C．his D．himself 6．—To make delicious Rainbow Beef, we also need some onions. —Check the fridge. We still have ________ onions. We don’t need to buy more. A．a few B．a little C．little D．few 7．Grandma enjoyed _________ so much on her seventieth birthday. A．she B．her C．herself D．hers 8．________ has a chance to share his or her work in the calligraphy club. A．Nobody B．Someone C．Everyone D．No one 9．Maths and physics are my favourite subjects because ________ of them are very interesting. A．both B．either C．all D．anything 10．I think ________ interesting to take up a new hobby in the new term. A．that B．this C．it D．one 二、语法选择 Choose the best answer（选择最恰当的答案，每题只有一个正确答案） This summer, it was very hot in Europe. Firefighters fought against 11 wildfires (野火) in many European countries. And a lot of people died 12 the heat wave. However, according to a survey, only about 20% of homes in Europe have air conditioners, compared to 90% in the US. Why is that? First, usually it isn’t very hot in Europe in summer because of its 13 . Europe lies farther north than the US, making the weather cooler. The average temperature in July in London is 21℃, which is 10 degrees cooler than that in New York. Second, there are many old houses in Europe. More than half of the houses in Europe were built in the last century. The weather then was not as 14 as it is nowadays. Naturally, air conditioners were unnecessary. What’s more, those old houses’ structure (构造) and material make it harder and more expensive to install air conditioners. Installing an air conditioner could 15 more than the air conditioner 16 . As for 17 reasons, they can be very personal. Some people think air conditioners make them sick, 18 they don’t accept air conditioners. Some think 19 air conditioners produces much greenhouse gas. It is bad for the environment and makes the weather even 20 ! But things will probably change in the coming years. With higher and higher temperatures, more and more Europeans are considering air conditioners these days. 11．A．hundred of B．hundreds of C．hundreds D．a hundred of 12．A．because B．so C．therefore D．because of 13．A．location B．weather C．shape D．environment 14．A．heat B．hottest C．hotter D．hot 15．A．spend B．pay C．cost D．take 16．A．themselves B．itself C．it D．them 17．A．other B．the other C．the others D．others 18．A．but B．because C．so D．and 19．A．use B．using C．to use D．used 20．A．hot B．hotter C．hottest D．more hot 三、阅读理解 左栏描述了五个人的信息，右栏是五条人们要遵守的规则。请为每个人选择应该遵守的规则。 21 Jack is 21 years old. He finds a part-time job at a zoo. He likes animals. 22 Molly likes reading very much. She wants to go to the library today with her classmates. 23 Dave always throws things everywhere and makes the house dirty. His mum asks him to tidy it up. 24 Alan wants to go to Zhuhai Museum this Sunday with his friends. They will take their phones with them. 25 Cindy moves to a new city with her family. She goes to a new school. And the teacher is talking about some rules in this school. A．We shouldn’t take photos in the museum. We must not run after each other. We can’t eat in the museum. We can’t talk loudly. We shouldn’t throw rubbish everywhere. B．Please arrive at the zoo on time at 7:00 on Saturday. Please show your love to the animals. Don’t play games on your phone during work time.     C． We can’t eat in the classroom but in the dining hall. We shouldn’t wear a hat in class or fight with our classmates. Remember to wear the school uniform. D．First, make the bed. Then, put your clothes away. Don’t throw them everywhere. Next, pick up your books and put them back onto the bookshelf. E. Keep quiet. Put the books back when you finish reading them. Don’t eat inside and please keep the library clean. If you have any problem, please ask the librarians for help. 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $