Unit 6 Pollution 词汇+音标+词组+例句+词汇巩固练习+翻译2026-2027学年沪教版五四学制九年级上册英语

该初中英语Unit 6 Pollution知识清单系统整合了核心词汇、词组、例句及配套练习，涵盖单词音标、词义、派生词、词组搭配及应用练习等范畴，搭建了从词汇基础记忆到语境应用实践的递进式学习支架。 清单通过“词汇-派生词-词组-练习”的关联体系呈现知识，如核心词汇标注派生词（pollution对应pollute、polluted），配套练习含词性转换、语法填空等分层设计，培养学生语言能力和学习能力。特色设计如例句翻译强化语境理解，选词填空结合环保主题，助力学生高效掌握知识，教师可直接用于课堂巩固或课后拓展。

Unit 6 Pollution 词汇+音标+词组+例句+词汇巩固练习+翻译+选词填空 （9年级上册最新沪教版五四学制上海专用） 核心词汇（单词 + 音标 + 词义 + 例句 + 翻译 + 派生词） 1. pollution ★ 音标：/pəˈluːʃn/ ★ 词义：n. 污染 ★ 例句：Air pollution is a serious problem in big cities. ★ 翻译：空气污染是大城市的一个严重问题。 ★ 派生词：pollute (v. 污染)；polluted (adj. 受污染的) 2. loss ★ 音标：/lɒs/ ★ 词义：n. 减少；丧失；损失 ★ 例句：The loss of trees has caused many problems. ★ 翻译：树木的减少引起了许多问题。 ★ 派生词：lose (v. 失去；丢失) 3. soil ★ 音标：/sɔɪl/ ★ 词义：n. 土壤 ★ 例句：The soil here is very rich and good for farming. ★ 翻译：这里的土壤非常肥沃，适合耕作。 ★ 派生词：无 4. shark ★ 音标：/ʃɑːk/ ★ 词义：n. 鲨鱼 ★ 例句：Sharks are very important for the health of the ocean. ★ 翻译：鲨鱼对海洋的健康非常重要。 ★ 派生词：无 5. polluted ★ 音标：/pəˈluːtɪd/ ★ 词义：adj. 受污染的；被玷污的 ★ 例句：We should not drink polluted water. ★ 翻译：我们不应该喝受污染的水。 ★ 派生词：pollute (v. 污染)；pollution (n. 污染) 6. compare ★ 音标：/kəmˈpeə(r)/ ★ 词义：v. 比较；对比 ★ 例句：Compare your answers with your deskmate's. ★ 翻译：把你的答案和你同桌的对比一下。 ★ 派生词：comparison (n. 比较)；comparable (adj. 可比较的) 7. air conditioner ★ 音标：/ˈeə kənˈdɪʃənə(r)/ ★ 词义：n. 空调 ★ 例句：Please turn on the air conditioner. It's too hot. ★ 翻译：请打开空调。太热了。 ★ 派生词：无 8. road ★ 音标：/rəʊd/ ★ 词义：n. 路；道路；公路 ★ 例句：There are many cars on the road. ★ 翻译：路上有许多车。 ★ 派生词：roadside (n. 路边) 9. TV (television) ★ 音标：/ˌtiː ˈviː/ ★ 词义：n. 电视；电视机 ★ 例句：I watch TV for one hour every day. ★ 翻译：我每天看一小时电视。 ★ 派生词：无 10. spill ★ 音标：/spɪl/ ★ 词义：n. 泄漏（量） ★ 例句：The oil spill caused great damage to the sea. ★ 翻译：石油泄漏对海洋造成了巨大损害。 ★ 派生词：spill (v. 溢出；洒出) 11. mine ★ 音标：/maɪn/ ★ 词义：v.（在某地）开矿，采矿 ★ 例句：They mine gold in this area. ★ 翻译：他们在这个地区开采黄金。 ★ 派生词：miner (n. 矿工)；mining (n. 采矿) 12. solution ★ 音标：/səˈluːʃn/ ★ 词义：n. 解决办法；处理手段 ★ 例句：We need to find a solution to this problem. ★ 翻译：我们需要找到这个问题的解决办法。 ★ 派生词：solve (v. 解决) 13. harmful ★ 音标：/ˈhɑːmfl/ ★ 词义：adj. 有害的 ★ 例句：Smoking is harmful to our health. ★ 翻译：吸烟对我们的健康有害。 ★ 派生词：harm (n./v. 伤害)；harmless (adj. 无害的) 14. solve ★ 音标：/sɒlv/ ★ 词义：v. 解决；处理 ★ 例句：We should work together to solve this problem. ★ 翻译：我们应该共同努力来解决这个问题。 ★ 派生词：solution (n. 解决办法) 15. remotely ★ 音标：/rɪˈməʊtli/ ★ 词义：adv. 远程地 ★ 例句：Many people work remotely from home now. ★ 翻译：现在许多人远程在家工作。 ★ 派生词：remote (adj. 遥远的；远程的) 16. operate ★ 音标：/ˈɒpəreɪt/ ★ 词义：v. 操作；控制 ★ 例句：He can operate this machine very well. ★ 翻译：他能很好地操作这台机器。 ★ 派生词：operation (n. 操作；手术)；operator (n. 操作员) 17. vehicle ★ 音标：/ˈviːəkl/ ★ 词义：n. 车辆 ★ 例句：No vehicles are allowed in this area. ★ 翻译：这个区域禁止车辆进入。 ★ 派生词：无 18. bottom ★ 音标：/ˈbɒtəm/ ★ 词义：n. 底部 ★ 例句：The pen is at the bottom of the bag. ★ 翻译：钢笔在包的最底部。 ★ 派生词：bottomless (adj. 无底的) 19. unnatural ★ 音标：/ʌnˈnætʃrəl/ ★ 词义：adj. 非自然的 ★ 例句：The colour of this flower looks unnatural. ★ 翻译：这朵花的颜色看起来不自然。 ★ 派生词：natural (adj. 自然的)；naturally (adv. 自然地) 20. expert ★ 音标：/ˈekspɜːt/ ★ 词义：n. 专家 ★ 例句：He is an expert in environmental science. ★ 翻译：他是环境科学方面的专家。 ★ 派生词：expertise (n. 专门知识) 21. workshop ★ 音标：/ˈwɜːkʃɒp/ ★ 词义：n. 研讨会；讲习班 ★ 例句：We attended a workshop on pollution control. ★ 翻译：我们参加了一个关于污染控制的研讨会。 ★ 派生词：无 22. university ★ 音标：/ˌjuːnɪˈvɜːsəti/ ★ 词义：n. 大学 ★ 例句：He is studying at a famous university. ★ 翻译：他正在一所著名的大学学习。 ★ 派生词：无 23. blossom ★ 音标：/ˈblɒsəm/ ★ 词义：v. 开花 ★ 例句：The cherry trees blossom in spring. ★ 翻译：樱桃树在春天开花。 ★ 派生词：blossom (n. 花朵) 24. peace ★ 音标：/piːs/ ★ 词义：n. 和平；太平 ★ 例句：We all want peace in the world. ★ 翻译：我们都希望世界和平。 ★ 派生词：peaceful (adj. 和平的)；peacefully (adv. 和平地) 25. proposal ★ 音标：/prəˈpəʊzl/ ★ 词义：n. 建议 ★ 例句：They put forward a proposal to protect the environment. ★ 翻译：他们提出了一个保护环境的建议。 ★ 派生词：propose (v. 建议；提议) 26. sincerely ★ 音标：/sɪnˈsɪəli/ ★ 词义：adv.（用于正式信函末尾署名前）谨致问候 ★ 例句：Yours sincerely, Tom. ★ 翻译：您真诚的，汤姆。 ★ 派生词：sincere (adj. 真诚的)；sincerity (n. 真诚) 词组 + 词义 + 例句 + 翻译 1. air pollution 空气污染 例：Air pollution is harmful to our health. 翻译：空气污染对我们的健康有害。 2. water pollution 水污染 例：We must stop water pollution. 翻译：我们必须阻止水污染。 3. the loss of ... ……的减少/丧失 例：The loss of forests has affected the climate. 翻译：森林的减少已经影响了气候。 4. polluted water/air 受污染的水/空气 例：People should not drink polluted water. 翻译：人们不应该喝受污染的水。 5. compare A with B 把A和B作比较 例：Compare this picture with that one. 翻译：把这张画和那张作比较。 6. compare A to B 把A比作B 例：People often compare teachers to candles. 翻译：人们常把老师比作蜡烛。 7. air conditioner 空调 例：It's hot outside, so I turn on the air conditioner. 翻译：外面很热，所以我打开了空调。 8. oil spill 石油泄漏 例：The oil spill killed many sea animals. 翻译：石油泄漏导致了许多海洋动物死亡。 9. a solution to ... ……的解决办法 例：There is no easy solution to this problem. 翻译：这个问题没有简单的解决办法。 10. be harmful to 对……有害 例：Plastic is harmful to the environment. 翻译：塑料对环境有害。 11. solve a problem 解决问题 例：We need to solve the problem together. 翻译：我们需要一起解决这个问题。 12. work remotely 远程工作 例：More people work remotely after the pandemic. 翻译：疫情后更多的人远程工作。 13. operate a machine 操作机器 例：He knows how to operate this machine. 翻译：他知道如何操作这台机器。 14. at the bottom of 在……底部 例：There are some keys at the bottom of the bag. 翻译：包底部有几把钥匙。 15. from top to bottom 从上到下 例：The room was cleaned from top to bottom. 翻译：房间从上到下都打扫干净了。 16. stand out 显眼；突出 例：Her red dress made her stand out in the crowd. 翻译：她的红裙子使她在人群中很显眼。 17. go after 追求 例：We should go after our dreams. 翻译：我们应该追求我们的梦想。 18. pick up 学会 例：She picked up Japanese quickly when she lived in Japan. 翻译：她在日本生活时很快就学会了日语。 19. cherry blossom 樱花 例：The cherry blossom is very beautiful in spring. 翻译：春天的樱花非常美丽。 20. in peace 和平地；安静地 例：The old man wants to live in peace. 翻译：这位老人想过平静的生活。 21. at peace 处于和平状态 例：The two countries are now at peace. 翻译：这两个国家现在处于和平状态。 22. put forward a proposal 提出建议 例：She put forward a proposal to reduce pollution. 翻译：她提出了一个减少污染的建议。 23. Yours sincerely（正式信函结尾）您真诚的 例：Yours sincerely, Li Ming. 翻译：您真诚的，李明。 【配套练习】 词性转换 20 题 用所给单词的适当形式填空。 1. The river is __________ (pollution). Many fish have died. 2. __________ (pollute) is a big problem in many cities. 3. The __________ (lose) of habitat is the main reason for animal extinction. 4. Don't __________ (pollution) the environment. 5. The water is seriously __________ (pollute), so we cannot drink it. 6. After __________ (compare) the two products, I chose the cheaper one. 7. Her __________ (compare) between the two cities was very interesting. 8. This chemical is __________ (harm) to our health. 9. We should find a __________ (solve) to the problem as soon as possible. 10. My father is good at __________ (operation) machines. 11. The __________ (operate) of this factory started in 2010. 12. She works __________ (remote) from her home. 13. The __________ (mine) have been working in the coal mine for many years. 14. The waste from the factory is __________ (natural) and harmful to the environment. 15. This is a __________ (nature) way to keep the water clean. 16. The government should take action to __________ (solution) these problems. 17. The __________ (propose) was accepted by everyone at the meeting. 18. I __________ (sincere) hope you can help me. 19. It is __________ (peace) to live in the countryside. 20. The flowers __________ (blossom) in the garden every spring. 语法填空 2 篇 第一篇 Environmental problems are becoming more and more serious today. One of the biggest problems is water (1) __________ (pollute). Many rivers and lakes are (2) __________ (pollute) by waste from factories. This has caused the (3) __________ (lose) of many fish and other sea animals. Another serious problem is air pollution. Cars and factories produce a lot of harmful gases. These gases are (4) __________ (harm) to our health and can cause many diseases. Many experts are trying to find a (5) __________ (solve) to this problem. Some scientists (6) __________ (compare) the air quality in different cities to find out what causes the worst pollution. We can do many things to protect the environment. First, we should use fewer cars and walk more. Second, we should not (7) __________ (pollution) the soil. Farmers need clean (8) __________ (soil) to grow healthy food. Third, we should recycle waste. Some countries have already found new ways to (9) __________ (operation) waste treatment plants. If we work together, we can create a (10) __________ (peace) and clean world for the future. 第二篇 Everyone can help protect the environment in our daily lives. Here are some simple ways. First, we should save electricity. When you leave a room, turn off the lights and the (1) __________ (condition) if you are not using them. (2) __________ (compare) the amount of electricity you use each month and try to use less. Second, we should reduce waste. Don't throw things away if they can be used again. We should also (3) __________ (solution) problems together. Third, we can use public transport instead of driving our own (4) __________ (vehicle). This helps reduce air pollution. Remember that every small action can make a difference. Fourth, we should not (5) __________ (mine) too many natural resources. The loss of these resources will cause (6) __________ (nature) problems. Fifth, we should (7) __________ (pick) up new habits that are good for the environment. For example, we can (8) __________ (operation) a shared bicycle to go to school. We can also (9) __________ (go) after green ways of living. The future of our planet is in our hands. Let us all work together to create a better world. (10) __________ (sincere), we believe that our efforts will pay off. 中译英 10 题 1. 空气污染对人们的健康非常有害。 _________________________________________________________________________ 2. 许多鱼因为水污染而死亡。 _________________________________________________________________________ 3. 我们需要尽快找到这个问题的解决办法。 _________________________________________________________________________ 4. 请把你的答案和你同桌的比较一下。 _________________________________________________________________________ 5. 许多工厂向河流排放有害物质。 _________________________________________________________________________ 6. 人们常把老师比作蜡烛。 _________________________________________________________________________ 7. 我们学校下个月将举办一个环保研讨会。 _________________________________________________________________________ 8. 在春天，樱花在公园里盛开。 _________________________________________________________________________ 9. 每个人都希望生活在和平中。 _________________________________________________________________________ 10. 他在会上提出了一个减少塑料使用的建议。 _________________________________________________________________________ 选词填空 用方框中所给单词或词组的适当形式填空，使短文完整通顺。每个词或词组限用一次。 选词填空 1 pollution, polluted, loss, soil, compare, harmful, solution, solve, bottom, peace There is a small village near the river. People there used to have clean water and rich (1) __________ for farming. However, in recent years, the river has become (2) __________ because a factory has been pouring waste into it. This has caused a great (3) __________ of fish in the river. The villagers are very worried about this. They know that water (4) __________ is (5) __________ to their health. Many families can no longer drink the water from the river. They have to buy clean water from the town, which costs a lot of money. One day, some scientists came to the village. They (6) __________ the water quality of the village with that of other areas. They also took some water samples from the (7) __________ of the river to test them. The scientists said they could help. They promised to find a (8) __________ to the problem and work with the villagers to (9) __________ the pollution issue. After many months of hard work, the river became clean again. People in the village finally lived in (10) __________ once more. 选词填空 2 remotely, operate, vehicle, unnatural, stand out, go after, expert, workshop, university, blossom Last summer, I attended a summer camp at a famous (1) __________. The camp was called "Future Scientists". We had many interesting activities. The most exciting one was a (2) __________ about environmental science. A well-known (3) __________ gave us a lecture. He showed us how to (4) __________ some special machines that can measure air pollution. These machines can work (5) __________, so scientists can collect data from far away without going to the polluted areas. The expert also explained how to use electric (6) __________ to reduce harmful gases. The green cars are a more natural way of travel, while traditional petrol cars make the air look (7) __________ and dirty. He encouraged us to (8) __________ our dreams and become environmental scientists in the future. He said that with technology, we can make plants (9) __________ even in difficult conditions. We just need to (10) __________ and never give up. 选词填空 3 solution, harmful, loss, polluted, compare, solve, soil, bottom, peace, pollution The earth is facing many environmental problems. (1) __________ is one of the biggest challenges. The air, water and (2) __________ are all being seriously (3) __________. This has caused the (4) __________ of many animals and plants. Many people do not know how dangerous this is. They do not realize that (5) __________ chemicals in the water are (6) __________ to their health. (7) __________ the past and the present, we can see that the environment is getting much worse. Some experts say it will take many years to (8) __________ all the problems. They are looking for a (9) __________ to stop the pollution. The future of our planet is in our hands. We must act now to live in (10) __________ with nature. 选词填空 4 proposal, sincerely, pick up, stand out, go after, expert, workshop, university, operate, remotely I want to be an environmental scientist when I grow up. That is my dream, and I am determined to (1) __________ it. Last month, I had the chance to attend a two-day (2) __________ at a famous (3) __________. The workshop was led by a leading (4) __________ in the field of environmental science. During the workshop, we learned how to (5) __________ an air monitor that can measure pollution (6) __________. This means we can check the air quality without being at the site. We also learned how to use data to make our work (7) __________. The expert told us that if we want to be successful, we need to (8) __________ new skills and never stop learning. At the end of the workshop, I made a (9) __________ to start a green club at my school. My classmates all supported me. (10) __________ yours, I hope one day I can really help protect the environment. 选词填空 5 blossom, peace, unnatural, solution, harmful, loss, compare, polluted, solve, bottom There is a beautiful lake in our town. It used to be very clean, but now it is (1) __________ because many people throw rubbish into it. This has caused the (2) __________ of many fish. The water looks very dirty and (3) __________. The chemicals in the water are also (4) __________ to the plants and animals living there. The flowers no longer (5) __________ in spring because the soil is too dirty. We need to take action. Some people (6) __________ the lake to a big trash can. They say it's like a mirror at the (7) __________ of the mountain that has been broken. We have tried many times to find a (8) __________, but it is not easy. Now the government is working hard to (9) __________ this problem. They hope the lake can be clean again soon. Everyone in the town wants to live in (10) __________ with this beautiful lake. 答案 词性转换答案 1. polluted 2. Pollution 3. loss 4. pollute 5. polluted 6. comparing 7. comparison 8. harmful 9. solution 10. operating 11. operation 12. remotely 13. miners 14. unnatural 15. natural 16. solve 17. proposal 18. sincerely 19. peaceful 20. blossom 语法填空第一篇答案 1. pollution 2. polluted 3. loss 4. harmful 5. solution 6. compare 7. pollute 8. soil 9. operate 10. peaceful 语法填空第二篇答案 1. air conditioner 2. Compare 3. solve 4. vehicles 5. mine 6. unnatural 7. pick up 8. operate 9. go after 10. Sincerely 中译英答案 1. Air pollution is very harmful to people's health. 2. Many fish die because of water pollution. 3. We need to find a solution to this problem as soon as possible. 4. Please compare your answers with your deskmate's. 5. Many factories pour harmful substances into the rivers. 6. People often compare teachers to candles. 7. Our school will hold a workshop about environmental protection next month. 8. In spring, cherry blossoms blossom in the park. 9. Everyone hopes to live in peace. 10. He put forward a proposal to reduce plastic use at the meeting. 选词填空 1 答案 1. soil 2. polluted 3. loss 4. pollution 5. harmful 6. compared 7. bottom 8. solution 9. solve 10. peace 选词填空 2 答案 1. university 2. workshop 3. expert 4. operate 5. remotely 6. vehicles 7. unnatural 8. go after 9. blossom 10. stand out 选词填空 3 答案 1. Pollution 2. soil 3. polluted 4. loss 5. polluted 6. harmful 7. Comparing 8. solve 9. solution 10. peace 选词填空 4 答案 1. go after 2. workshop 3. university 4. expert 5. operate 6. remotely 7. stand out 8. pick up 9. proposal 10. Sincerely 选词填空 5 答案 1. polluted 2. loss 3. unnatural 4. harmful 5. blossom 6. compare 7. bottom 8. solution 9. solve 10. peace 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $