2026年春季学期高二年级期末考试自编模拟卷（五）

**基本信息** 本试卷全面考查高二学生英语语言能力，融合文学、科普、社会热点等真实情境，通过听、读、写多维任务提升语言运用与思维品质，适配期末综合测评需求。 **题型特征** |题型|题量/分值|知识覆盖|命题特色| |----|-----------|----------|----------| |听力|20题/30分|日常交际、细节捕捉、主旨归纳|情境贴近生活（如天气、交通、人物关系），对话真实自然，考查信息提取能力| |阅读|20题/50分|文学评论（A篇）、人物传记（B篇）、科普说明（C篇蚂蚁建桥）、社会科学（D篇声誉判断）|跨文化素材（Serena Williams）与科学探究（蚂蚁集体智慧）结合，设题梯度分明，兼顾细节与推理| |语言运用|25题/30分|完形填空（自我认知故事）、语法填空（乡村振兴）|完形融入情感教育，语法填空结合社会热点，考查词汇语境运用与语法规范| |书面表达|2题/40分|应用文（终身学习发言稿）、读后续写（医院志愿者故事）|应用文引导学习能力培养，续写聚焦人文关怀，提升逻辑表达与情感共鸣|

参考答案及解析 第一部分 听力 1-5: BCABA 6-10: ABBCA 11-15: CCABC 16-20: BBACB 第二部分 阅读（第一节，四选一） A篇 答案：21. D 22. C 23. A 解析： 21. D。细节理解题。根据 Kon‑Tiki 部分"He and his crew stand on a light raft and take one of the greatest real‑life sea epics of all times."以及 Sailing Alone Around the World 部分"His fame lies in the fact that he sailed his vessel, the Spray, in an unassisted sailboat."可知，两本书均基于作者的真实航海经历，D项正确。A项"三部分高潮"是 Moby Dick 的特点；B项"航海与捕鲸"中捕鲸仅与 Moby Dick 相关；C项"作者均为加拿大水手"中Heyerdahl并非加拿大籍。 22. C。细节理解题。根据 Treasure Island 部分"this adventure novel narrates a tale of 'pirates and buried gold'"可知，这本书讲述海盗与藏宝故事，C项正确。 23. A。推理判断题。文章开篇介绍海洋故事的魅力，随后推荐四部经典海洋题材文学作品并分别概述其核心内容与特色，符合书籍推荐指南的特征，A项正确。B项"学术报告"、C项"会议通知"、D项"时尚杂志"均不符合文体特征。 B篇 答案：24. B 25. C 26. D 27. B 解析： 24. B。细节理解题。根据第三段"In 2017, she won the Australian Open while pregnant, proving that women can be excellent in sports while balancing personal challenges."可知，2017年胜利的特殊性在于她是孕期夺冠，B项正确。C项"首个大满贯"是1999年美网，与2017年不符。 25. C。推理判断题。根据第四段"In 2018, she returned to professional tennis after giving birth to her daughter, Olympia, and reached four Grand Slam finals, showing her talent and drive."可知，作者提及2018年的回归是为了体现她产后复出并打入决赛所展现的克服挑战的决心，C项正确。 26. D。推理判断题。根据第四段"her perseverance（毅力）and determination have made her an inspiration to millions"及第五段"Serena is a devoted mother and philanthropist（慈善家）. She has supported various charitable causes"可知，Serena意志坚定且富有奉献精神，D项"Strong‑willed and committed"最能概括其特质。A项"谨慎"文中未体现；B项"冒险"不准确；C项"固执"含贬义，与原文不符。 27. B。主旨大意题。文章前三段介绍Serena的网球成就，后三段强调她在性别平等、慈善事业等领域的影响，末段总结"Serena Williams' legend extends far beyond tennis."，说明她不仅是网球冠军，更是多方面榜样，B项正确。A项只强调"挣扎"，C项只涉及"服装线"，D项只突出"母亲的牺牲"，均以偏概全。 C篇 答案：28. B 29. A 30. C 31. C 解析： 28. B。细节理解题。根据第二段"they build a bridge, linking themselves together like a group of monkeys"可知，蚂蚁遇到缝隙时会通过连接自己的身体来建造桥梁，B项正确。A项"堆石头"、D项"收集树叶"文中均未提及；C项"要求工人串起来"是现象描述而非建桥方式本身。 29. A。细节理解题。根据第三段"the ants build bridges where they get the greatest benefit for the least amount of bodies"（缝隙大小与投入蚂蚁数量）以及"a string of bridges can influence how much ant power the ants are willing to invest in each individual bridge"（桥梁数量与投入力量）可知，蚂蚁考虑缝隙大小、投入力量和桥梁数量，A项"建桥时间"文中未提及。 30. C。词句猜测题。根据第四段"He compares the individual ants to 'neurons（神经元） in a big moving brain,' with no singular ant deciding where to build bridges."可知，单个蚂蚁被比作神经元，整个蚂蚁群体则被比作"一个移动的大脑"，即蚂蚁大军，C项正确。 31. C。推理判断题。根据最后一段"Engineers have already applied such behaviors learned from ant research to building algorithms（算法） for self‑assembling robots...Ants are really capable at solving these things with really, really little brainpower."可知，蚂蚁虽个体脑力有限，但通过集体协作能完成复杂任务，体现了"人多力量大"（Many hands make light work）的原则，C项正确。A项为天气谚语；B项意为"厨师多了烧坏汤"，与集体协作效率相悖；D项意为"三思而后行"，与蚂蚁的集体智慧无关。 D篇 答案：32. D 33. B 34. A 35. A 解析： 32. D。细节理解题。根据第二段"looking at multiple actions and forgiving some bad actions is a method of judging behavior that is sufficient to sustain cooperation"可知，Plotkin的方法考虑了多个行为，与之前模型"assuming that a single action determines someone's reputation"不同，D项正确。 33. B。推理判断题。根据第四段"This method maintains cooperation without referring to reputations released by public institutions. It offers an important alternative when public institutions exist but decrease of trust in them prevents cooperation."可知，该方法在公共机构信任度降低时提供了促进合作的新方式，B项正确。 34. A。词义猜测题。根据第四段"even if different people in a society subscribe to different standards of judgment"以及"to promote cooperation"可推断，consensus意为"共识"（Agreement），即不同判断标准下仍能形成足够的共识来促进合作。 35. A。主旨大意题。第五段提到研究人员惊讶于该策略无法被其他策略取代，且"looking more than twice didn't generate an additional benefit"，主要讨论的是该策略的有效性，A项正确。 第二部分 阅读（第二节，七选五） 答案：36. B 37. E 38. C 39. G 40. F 解析： 36. B。上文提到暑假漫长平淡，下文给出摆脱无聊的方法。B项"But don't worry, you are not alone."（但别担心，你并不孤单）承接上文的无聊感受，同时引出下文的解决方案，起承上启下作用。 37. E。上文建议选择一本书阅读，下文说"At first, you might write things like...but soon you'll start noticing interesting details"。E项"Finish a few pages daily and record your thoughts constantly."（每天读几页并不断记录你的想法）介绍了具体的阅读做法，与下文的"write"和"noticing"呼应。 38. C。空处为段落小标题。下文建议"plan short daily check‑ins""Cook dinner together""play a card game""start a family tradition"等，都是在讲与家人共度优质时光。C项"Spend more quality time with your family."概括了本段核心内容。 39. G。上文建议到户外活动（walking、ride bike、play basketball等），G项"Even 15 minutes in the open air can clear your mind and make you feel refreshed."（即使在户外15分钟也能让你头脑清醒、精神焕发）总结了户外活动的积极影响。 40. F。上文说"夏天太短暂，不能浪费在刷屏上"，下文"Start small, stay curious, and remember: even tiny changes can make your summer unforgettable!"号召从小事做起。F项"You could turn boring afternoons into opportunities with these ways above."（用上述方法，你可以把无聊的下午变成机会）中的"these ways above"指代前文所有建议，与下文"tiny changes"呼应，起到总结作用。 第三部分 语言运用（第一节，完形填空） 答案：41. B 42. A 43. D 44. D 45. C 46. B 47. A 48. A 49. C 50. D 51. A 52. C 53. C 54. B 55. A 解析： 41. B。句意：她经常把自己和同学"比较"。compared与下文"Why can't I be like them?"呼应，说明她因比较而产生自卑。connected（连接）、occupied（占用）、surrounded（包围）均不符合。 42. A。句意：有些人在体育或舞蹈方面"擅长"。strong in意为"擅长"，与后文"Some had lots of friends"并列，介绍同学的优势。slow（慢的）、new（新的）、average（平均的）均不恰当。 43. D。句意：这个问题感觉就像一个她从未"解决"过的谜题。solved与puzzle搭配，意为"解谜"。shared（分享）、designed（设计）、created（创造）均不符合。 44. D。句意：莉莉很好奇，打开了盒子。Curious与上文"found an old box on her doorstep"（发现一个陌生盒子）呼应，好奇心驱使她打开。Relieved（如释重负的）、Frightened（害怕的）、Nervous（焦虑的）均不准确。 45. C。句意：莉莉倒抽一口气，"迅速"关上盒子，吓得不敢回答。quickly与"too scared to answer"呼应，表现她因害怕而快速反应。gently（温柔地）、silently（无声地）、carefully（小心地）均不符合。 46. B。句意：她把盒子猛推到床下，试图"忽视"它。ignore意为"忽视"，与上文"too scared to answer"及"shoved the box under her bed"呼应。destroy（毁灭）、open（打开）、treasure（珍藏）均不恰当。 47. A。句意：发光的拼图"浮动"在她眼前。floated意为"浮动"，表现拼图像幽灵般出现在她脑海中，使她无法入睡。broke（打破）、disappeared（消失）、faded（褪色）均不符合。 48. A。句意：莉莉"小声说"："和梅里亚一起玩的时候，我感到很开心。"whispered与上文"too scared to answer"呼应，她仍然胆怯，所以小声回答。explained（解释）、analyzed（分析）、argued（争论）均不恰当。 49. C。句意："逐渐地"，越来越多的拼图出现了。Gradually与上文每回答完一个问题才出现一块新拼图的节奏呼应。Slowly（慢慢地）侧重速度慢，而Gradually侧重"逐步"的过程，更准确。Instantly（立即）、Suddenly（突然）均不符合。 50. D。句意：莉莉"僵住了"。"I don't know"说明她面对"是否感到被冷落"的问题时不知所措。froze意为"僵住"，表现她的犹豫和不安。denied（否认）、wondered（想知道）、gestured（做手势）均不准确。 51. A。句意：朋友们一起工作，但不"包括"她。include意为"包括"，与"left out"（被冷落）呼应。mention（提到）、visit（参观）、praise（表扬）均不符合。 52. C。句意：妈妈告诉她："有时候感到'孤独'是可以的。"lonely与"left out"呼应，说明被冷落时产生的孤独感。proud（骄傲的）、guilty（内疚的）、scared（害怕的）均不恰当。 53. C。句意：镜子"没有"显示某个"完美"的人，"而是"反射了莉莉自己的笑脸。Instead of意为"而不是"，形成"完美的人"与"自己的笑脸"的对比。Regardless of（不管）、In spite of（尽管）、By means of（借助于）均不符合。 54. B。句意：莉莉感到"温暖"传遍全身。warmth与上文鼓励的话语"Be yourself"呼应，她感到被接纳和温暖。embarrassment（尴尬）、sympathy（同情）、anxiety（焦虑）均不符合。 55. A。句意：她"意识到"自己不需要像别人那样。realized与上文整段经历后的领悟呼应，她最终明白了做自己的道理。regretted（后悔）、assumed（假设）、suspected（怀疑）均不准确。 第三部分 语言运用（第二节，语法填空） 答案：56. roles 57. driven 58. which 59. by 60. an 61. eagerly 62. offers 63. admission 64. have been raised 65. but 解析： 56. roles。multiple后接可数名词复数，role的复数形式为roles，意为"多种角色"。 57. driven。people与drive之间为被动关系（被驱动），应用过去分词作状语，表示"在科技创新和政策支持的推动下"。 58. which。引导非限制性定语从句，先行词为the Internet of Things technology，指物，在从句中作主语，用which。 59. by。固定搭配increase by，后接增长幅度，意为"增加了40%"。 60. an。agricultural以元音音素开头，此处表泛指"一种农业工具"，用不定冠词an。 61. eagerly。修饰动词stepping应用副词eagerly，意为"急切地"，修饰当地政府介入的态度。 62. offers。主语a "Green Card" program为单数，描述一般事实用一般现在时第三人称单数offers。offer sb sth意为"为某人提供某物"。 63. admission。作school的宾语，用名词admission，意为"入学"。 64. have been raised。主语funds与raise之间为被动关系，时间状语"in the last decade"表示过去十年到现在，用现在完成时的被动语态，主语为复数，助动词用have。 65. but。固定搭配not just...but...，意为"不仅仅……而且……"，连接两个并列的不定式短语。 第4部分 书面表达 第一节 参考范文： Dear friends, I'm truly honored to share my thoughts on "Lifelong Learning" with you today. As the saying goes, "Never too old to learn." In a rapidly changing world, it is vital to remain lifelong learners. Lifelong learning enables us to fuel endless curiosity, unlock new possibilities and equip us with skills to adapt to new challenges. Without it, we risk being left behind in this fast‑paced world. As for me, I integrate lifelong learning into my daily life. To begin with, I make it a daily habit to read books on various topics, ranging from literature to science, which can sharpen my critical thinking and affect my character shaping. Additionally, joining clubs allows me to gain hands‑on skills such as gardening, bridging theory with practice. Moreover, field trips, like visits to museums, offer me an immersive learning experience and bring abstract knowledge to life. What's equally worth mentioning is that I also subscribe to e‑learning courses to expand knowledge beyond the school curriculum. In conclusion, in a world of constant changes, we should never cease to learn. Only by refreshing our knowledge and updating our skills continuously can we stay adaptable and competitive. Thank you! 解析： - 内容要点：发言稿完整覆盖题目要求的两点：（1）看法——终身学习在快速变化世界中的重要性，引用谚语"活到老学到老"，从好奇心、新可能、适应挑战等角度阐述；（2）做法——每日阅读、参加社团、实地考察、订阅在线课程等具体行动。结尾升华主题，发出号召。 - 语言表达：运用了非限制性定语从句（which can sharpen...）、主语从句（What's equally worth mentioning is that...）、倒装结构（Only by...can we...）等，句式丰富。词汇多样：vital、integrate、immersive、adaptable、competitive等。 - 结构清晰：三段式——开篇点明主题并阐述看法，中间详述个人做法，结尾总结并发出号召，符合发言稿格式。 - 语气得体：使用"I'm truly honored"表达荣幸，"As the saying goes"引用谚语增强说服力，结尾"Thank you"体现礼貌。 第二节 读后续写 参考范文： Liam was so surprised that he almost dropped the guitar. He managed to steady his hands and replied with a gentle smile, "His name is Charlie." Then he carefully picked up Charlie and began to make the puppet wave at Ava. "Charlie says hello," he said softly. Ava's eyes lit up slightly, and for the first time, she made eye contact with Liam. Encouraged, Liam spent the rest of the visit sharing stories about Charlie's adventures, and Ava listened intently, even letting out a few small giggles. Before he left, Ava shyly showed him more of her drawings, and Liam praised each one sincerely. From that day on, Ava became more open, and their friendship grew with each weekly visit. Years later, Ava became a volunteer in that same hospital. Remembering how Liam's kindness had touched her during her darkest days, she wanted to bring the same warmth to other children. She would sit by the bedsides, sharing stories, showing her drawings, and listening to the kids' thoughts. When she saw a withdrawn child, she didn't give up easily. Instead, she patiently found their interests and slowly opened their hearts. Just as Liam had once done for her, Ava became a source of light for those in need, passing on the love and hope that had been given to her. 解析： - 情节连贯：第一段紧扣首句"Liam惊讶得几乎把吉他掉在地上"，展开了稳定情绪、回答Ava的问题、介绍Charlie、表演互动、Ava逐渐敞开心扉、Liam称赞她的画作、友谊逐渐加深的完整过程。第二段围绕"多年后Ava成为同一家医院的志愿者"，描写了她受到Liam影响、将温暖传递给其他孩子的经历，最后以感悟收尾，情节完整。 - 情感递进：第一段从"so surprised"到"gentle smile"，再到Ava的"eyes lit up""eye contact""small giggles""shyly showed"，情感由生疏逐渐走向亲近。第二段从"remembering kindness"到"wanted to bring warmth"，再到"patiently opened their hearts""source of light"，Ava从被帮助者成长为助人者，情感层次丰富。 - 语言亮点： - 结果状语从句：Liam was so surprised that he almost dropped the guitar. - 现在分词作状语：Encouraged, Liam spent the rest of the visit... - 现在分词作状语：Remembering how Liam's kindness had touched her... - 时间状语从句：When she saw a withdrawn child, she didn't give up easily. - 比喻：Ava became a source of light for those in need. - 对比与呼应："Just as Liam had once done for her"与前文Liam对Ava的帮助形成完美呼应。 - 细节描写："managed to steady his hands""made eye contact""a few small giggles"等生动传神。 - 主题呼应：结尾"passing on the love and hope that had been given to her"既点明了Ava成长为志愿者的原因，也与故事开头Liam因失去妹妹而成为志愿者的动机形成呼应，完美体现了"善意传递"的主题——一次温柔的给予，可以改变一个人的一生，而这份爱又会继续传递下去，形成温暖人心的循环。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 2026年春季学期高二年级期末考试模拟卷（五） 英 语 注意事项： 1. 答卷前，考生先将自己的姓名、准考证号码填写清楚。 2. 选择题必须使用2B铅笔填涂；非选择题必须使用0.5毫米黑色字迹的签字笔书写。 3. 请按照题号顺序在答题卡各题目的答题区域内作答。 4. 保持卡面清洁，不要折叠。 第一部分 听力（共两节，满分30分） 做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。 第一节（共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分） 听下面5段录音。每段录音后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段录音后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段录音播放一遍。 1. What is the weather like? A. Rainy. B. Cloudy. C. Snowy. 2. Why does the man come to the woman? A. To comfort her. B. To discuss the term paper. C. To invite her to see a film. 3. How may the speakers get to their destination? A. By taxi. B. By bus. C. By subway. 4. Where did Mandy go yesterday? A. To a beach. B. To a farm. C. To a museum. 5. What are the speakers mainly talking about? A. A prize. B. A garden. C. A photo. 第二节（共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分） 听下面5段录音。每段录音后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段录音前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，每小题都有5秒钟的作答时间。每段录音播放两遍。 听下面一段对话，回答以下小题。 6. Where does the woman’s foreign teacher come from? A. Britain. B. France. C. Australia. 7. What does the woman think of her English teacher? A. Friendly. B. Humorous. C. Strict. 听下面一段对话，回答以下小题。 8. What is the probable relationship between the speakers? A. Classmates. B. Friends. C. Neighbors. 9. When does the woman practice for basketball games? A. On Saturdays. B. On Thursdays. C. On Tuesdays. 10. What are the speakers going to do next? A. Enjoy a concert. B. Go to a club. C. Take a class. 听下面一段对话，回答以下小题。 11. Where does the conversation probably take place? A. At home. B. In a car. C. In a store. 12. What will Bella be doing at 10:30 a. m.? A. Delivering a speech. B. Singing a song. C. Dancing to music. 13. What does the man give to Bella? A. A book of poems. B. A cup of coffee. C. Some money. 听下面一段对话，回答以下小题。 14. How does Ricky look according to Nancy? A. Energetic. B. Weak. C. Bored. 15. Who suggested Ricky take exercise? A. His friend. B. His brother. C. His doctor. 16. How often does Nancy lift weights? A. Once a day. B. Twice a week. C. Four times a week. 17. What is Ricky going to do this evening? A. Visit his coach. B. Watch a match. C. Go to the movies. 听下面一段独白，回答以下小题。 18. How many customers were there in the restaurant? A. 7. B. 4. C. 2. 19. What was the American man doing before his food was served? A. Playing the piano. B. Appreciating the flowers. C. Writing a letter. 20. How did the speaker feel in the end? A. Angry. B. Moved. C. Upset. 第二部分 阅读（共两节，满分50分） 第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分） 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。 A Sea stories are something that fascinates everything right from childhood. Sea is mysterious for all of us and stories related to it are sure to get everyone keen and interested. Sea stories are a perfect mix of mystery, adventure, thrill, awe and excitement. So, here we present our pick of the best four sea stories of all times in English literature. Moby Dick by Herman Melville This book is not to be missed by all who love sea stories. This is the most famous book about whaling that ever was. Melville got inspired to write this book when he was shipping aboard a Yankee (北方佬) whaler. The three-part climax is the most loved part of the book. Kon-Tiki by Thor Heyerdahl In this book, the mission of Heyerdahl is to prove that South American Indians have the option of migrating to Polynesia. He and his crew stand on a light raft and take one of the greatest real-life sea epics of all times. Treasure Island by Robert Louis Stevenson This is the grand work of all sea stories. Written in 1883, this adventure novel narrates a tale of "pirates and buried gold". It is one of the most popular sea novels of all times and its influence on popular perception of pirates with eye patches and one-leg sailors with parrots on their shoulders is dominating the world literature and movies even today. Sailing Alone Around the World by Joshua Slocum Slocum is a Canadian who is probably the last of the great American sailors. His fame lies in the fact that he sailed his vessel, the Spray, in an unassisted sailboat. This book is definitely among the best of the real-life sea adventures. 21. What do the works by Heyerdahl and Slocum have in common? A. They have three-part climaxes. B. They focus on sailing and whaling. C. Their authors are Canadian sailors. D. They are based on the authors' real experiences. 22. If a reader wants to read stories about pirates, which book can he or she choose? A. Moby Dick. B. Kon-Tiki. C. Treasure Island. D. Sailing Alone Around the World. 23. Where is this passage probably taken from? A. A book guide. B. An academic report. C. A conference notice. D. A fashion magazine. B Serena Williams is one of the greatest tennis players of all time. Born on September 26, 1981, in Saginaw, Michigan, Serena began playing tennis at a young age under the guidance of her father, Richard Williams. Alongside her sister Venus, Serena quickly gained a reputation in the tennis world and became a legend (传奇) for millions to follow. Serena turned professional in 1995 and won her first major singles title at the US Open in 1999. Since then, she has won 23 Grand Slam singles titles, the most by any player in the Open Era. Known for her powerful serve and unique playing style, Serena has dominated women's tennis for over two decades. Beyond her achievements on the court, Serena has become a global role model. She has used her platform to advocate for gender equality and racial justice. In 2017, she won the Australian Open while pregnant, proving that women can be excellent in sports while balancing personal challenges. Serena has also launched a clothing line named Serena, which promotes confidence and strength. Serena's journey has not been smooth without hardships. She has faced injuries, health issues, and criticism throughout her career. However, her perseverance (毅力) and determination have made her an inspiration to millions. In 2018, she returned to professional tennis after giving birth to her daughter, Olympia, and reached four Grand Slam finals, showing her talent and drive. Off the court, Serena is a devoted mother and philanthropist (慈善家). She has supported various charitable causes, including education and disaster relief. Her story is a proof of hard work, perseverance, and the power of believing in oneself. Serena Williams' legend extends far beyond tennis. She has redefined what it means to be a champion, both in sports and in life. Her impact on the game and her influence as a role model will be felt for generations to come. 24. What made Serena's 2017 Australian Open victory special? A. She defeated her sister Venus. B. She won while being pregnant. C. It was her first Grand Slam title. D. It broke a world record in tennis. 25. What does the author intend to convey by mentioning Serena's return in 2018? A. Her desire for fame and wealth. B. Her physical superiority to others. C. Her determination to overcome challenges. D. Her focus on breaking previous records. 26. Which of the following best describes Serena Williams? A. Determined and cautious. B. Optimistic and adventurous. C. Inspirational and stubborn. D. Strong-willed and committed. 27. Which of the following is the best title for the text? A. Serena Williams: A Tennis Star's Struggles B. Serena Williams: More Than Just a Tennis Champion C. Serena Williams: The Story of Her Clothing Line D. Serena Williams: A Mother's Sacrifice in Tennis C The ants are violent predatory (食肉的) animals, eating other insects, sometimes even frogs, lizards and birds. But what's even more remarkable about them is their architectural skills. Commonly found in Central America, South America and Africa, the ants search forest floors in long hunting lines. When they encounter a gap between leaves or branches, they build a bridge, linking themselves together like a group of monkeys. "The workers will string themselves across that gap, and then other workers will walk on top of them," Isabella Muratore, an expert at the New Jersey Institute of Technology told NPR. "Basically, they create shortcuts to make things easier for the other ants or just to allow them to travel across something that they otherwise couldn't." Muratore studied the ants' decision-making by intentionally placing objects which block their way. She said the ants build bridges where they get the greatest benefit for the least amount of bodies, and she identified a sweet spot where the gap is large enough to justify building a bridge, but not so large that it takes too many ants to do so. She also found that a string of bridges can influence how much ant power the ants are willing to invest in each individual bridge. Importantly, despite individually having small brains, the ants collectively weigh the costs and benefits of a bridge, Muratore said. David Hu, a professor of engineering at the Georgia Institute of Technology, said "this type of research is casting new light on the collective intelligence of army ants." He compares the individual ants to "neurons (神经元) in a big moving brain," with no singular ant deciding where to build bridges. The collective decision making of ants also has implications for human technology. Engineers have already applied such behaviors learned from ant research to building algorithms (算法) for self-assembling robots. "Ants are kind of existence proof that such robots would actually be able to survive and have a lot of interesting problems to solve in the real world," Hu said. "Ants are really capable at solving these things with really, really little brainpower." 28. How do ants build bridges when facing gaps? A. By piling up surrounding stones. B. By connecting their bodies. C. By requiring workers to string them. D. By collecting leaves and branches. 29. When building bridges, the ants consider the following factors EXCEPT ______. A. The time they build a bridge B. The size of the gap C. The ant power they invest D. The number of bridges 30. What does "a big moving brain" refer to in paragraph 4? A. A special brain. B. The brains of ants. C. The ant army. D. The bridge built by ants. 31. Which saying best describes the ant-inspired robots' working principle? A. Marching ants bring pouring rain. B. Too many cooks ruin the soup. C. Many hands make light work. D. Think twice before you act. D In most theoretical models examining how reputations impact people's desire to cooperate with one another, reputations are defined as either good or bad, based on limited information. These models have typically assumed that a single action determines someone's reputation. There is a lot of information available about people's behavior in today's world, especially with social media. A research by biology professor Jeshua Plotkin's team showed that looking at multiple actions and forgiving some bad actions is a method of judging behavior that is sufficient to sustain cooperation, a method they call "look twice, forgive once." The basic idea in this study is that if you observe two interactions of somebody and at least one of them is an action that you would consider good, then you cooperate with that person, but otherwise you reject them. The research points out that even if different people in a society subscribe to different standards of judgment, "look twice, forgive once" still generates sufficient consensus to promote cooperation. Plotkin says that this method maintains cooperation without referring to reputations released by public institutions. It offers an important alternative when public institutions exist but decrease of trust in them prevents cooperation. Plotkin says all researchers were surprised that the "look twice, forgive once" strategy couldn't be displaced by other strategies, such as always cooperating or always rejecting, looking at more than two actions from a person, or forgiving a different proportion of "bad actions". Perhaps most surprisingly, looking more than twice didn't generate an additional benefit. "Information turned out to be a double-edged sword, so that even when information was freely accessible, individuals were typically unable to use all of it," he adds. Plotkin notes that the overall simplicity and reliability of their findings indicate that this behavioral strategy might be old in human societies. The researchers see potential for anthropologists (人类学家) and behavioral scientists to build on their work. 32. How does Plotkin's method of judging behavior differ from prior models? A. It relies mainly on social media. B. It emphasizes public reputation. C. It requires less personal information. D. It takes into account more behaviors. 33. What can be inferred about the "look twice" method? A. It broadens the definition of reputation. B. It develops alternative ways to cooperate. C. It encourages concentration on good behaviors. D. It aims to provide a solution to social problems. 34. What does the underlined word "consensus" in paragraph 4 mean? A. Agreement. B. Resources. C. Motivation. D. Benefits. 35. What is paragraph 5 mainly about concerning the "look twice" strategy? A. Its effectiveness. B. Its application. C. Its disadvantages. D. Its influence. 第二节（共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分） 阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 Summer holidays can always make you feel long and uneventful (平淡无奇的), especially when afternoons are left empty after homework is finished. 36 Here are some easy ways to help you get rid of the common summer boredom. Read something new every day. Pick a book you wouldn't normally choose—a thriller, a biography, or even a sci-fi novel. 37 At first, you might write things like "This is boring," but soon you'll start noticing interesting details or characters. To make it fun, try reading outdoors or sharing your opinions with friends. This habit keeps your mind active and makes summer feel productive. 38 Instead of just hanging out in the same room on your phone, plan short daily check-ins. Cook dinner together, play a card game, or take a walk while chatting. You could even start a family tradition, like a weekly movie night or a "gratitude jar" where everyone writes down things they're thankful for. These moments help everyone relax and grow closer. Move your body outdoors. If going to the gym feels boring, try walking! Bring headphones and listen to music. If you need more energy, join a free YouTube dance workout or yoga session. For extra fun, ride your bike, play basketball with friends, or try a Tik Tok dance challenge. 39 Summer is too short to waste on endless scrolling (刷屏). 40 Start small, stay curious, and remember: even tiny changes can make your summer unforgettable! A. You can also write your own book. B. But don't worry, you are not alone. C. Spend more quality time with your family. D. You seldom have such feelings in a lovely summer. E. Finish a few pages daily and record your thoughts constantly. F. You could turn boring afternoons into opportunities with these ways above. G. Even 15 minutes in the open air can clear your mind and make you feel refreshed. 第三部分 语言运用（共两节，满分30分） 第一节（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分） 阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。 Lily was a shy girl who often felt like she wasn't "enough". She often 41 herself with her classmates. Some were 42 in sports or dancing. Some had lots of friends. Lily often thought, "Why can't I be like them?" This question felt like a puzzle she had never 43 . One day Lily found an old box on her doorstep. There was a note on it: "The Perfect You." 44 , Lily opened the box. Inside was a puzzle piece with a green light. Suddenly, the puzzle piece spoke. "What makes you happy?" Lily gasped (倒抽气) and 45 closed the box, too scared to answer. She shoved (猛推) the box under her bed and tried to 46 it. But that night, the glowing (发光的) puzzle piece 47 in front of her eyes. Lily couldn't sleep. The next morning, Lily 48 , "I feel happy when I play with Meria." To her surprise, the puzzle piece clicked into place! Then, a second puzzle piece appeared, glowing even brighter, and asked, "What are you proud of?" Lily thought for a long time before answering. "I'm proud of myself when I help other kids." The puzzle piece glided into place just like the first one. 49 , more puzzle pieces appeared, each asking a question. Sometimes it was easy to answer. Sometimes it wasn't. Finally, the last puzzle piece appeared. It asked, "Do you feel left out sometimes?" Lily 50 . "I don't know." But then she remembered when her friends worked together and didn't 51 her. Then, Lily remembered her mom telling her, "It's OK to feel 52 sometimes. Everyone gets to choose their friends, but don't give up on yourself!" Taking a deep breath, Lily said, "Yes, but I know it's OK." The whole puzzle glowed and turned into a mirror. 53 showing someone "perfect," the mirror reflected Lily's own smiling face with the words: "Be yourself". Lily felt 54 spread through her. She 55 she didn't need to be like Sarah, Jake, or Meria. She just needed to be herself. 41. A. connected B. compared C. occupied D. surrounded 42. A. strong B. slow C. new D. average 43. A. shared B. designed C. created D. solved 44. A. Relieved B. Frightened C. Nervous D. Curious 45. A. gently B. silently C. quickly D. carefully 46. A. destroy B. ignore C. open D. treasure 47. A. floated B. broke C. disappeared D. faded 48. A. whispered B. explained C. analyzed D. argued 49. A. Slowly B. Instantly C. Gradually D. Suddenly 50. A. denied B. wondered C. gestured D. froze 51. A. include B. mention C. visit D. praise 52. A. proud B. guilty C. lonely D. scared 53. A. Regardless of B. In spite of C. Instead of D. By means of 54. A. embarrassment B. warmth C. sympathy D. anxiety 55. A. realized B. regretted C. assumed D. suspected 第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分） 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Across China, more and more college graduates are heading back to the countryside. Many of them take on multiple 56 (role), from tech support to social work. Official data shows over 15 million people are now part of China's return-to-village movement, 57 (drive) by both tech innovation and policy support. In western provinces, young farmers are using the Internet of Things technology, 58 is widely employed to monitor wheat growth. And other high-value products also have been developed, increasing locals' annual income 59 40% on average. Even livestreaming is becoming 60 agricultural tool. Influencers show rural life through short videos: climbing trees, catching fish, cooking by the lake. It helps that local governments are 61 (eager) stepping in. In Jiangxi, young entrepreneurs (创业者) get loans backed by talent credits. In Sichuan, a "Green Card" program 62 (offer) returning villagers hospital access and school 63 (admit) for their children. More funds 64 (raise) for the construction of rural roads in the last decade, and nearly all townships now have delivery services. This new generation isn't just farming. They're programming, performing and building businesses with deep roots and wide reach. Their mission isn't just to make a living, 65 to make home lovable again. 第四部分：书面表达（共两节，满分40分） 第一节（满分15分） 假定你是李华，你校将举办一场以"Lifelong Learning"为主题的分享交流会。你被选为学生代表在会上发言。请用英语写一篇发言稿，内容包括： 1. 你的看法； 2. 你的做法。 注意： 1. 词数80左右； 2. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯； 3. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。 Dear friends, I'm truly honored to share my thoughts on "Lifelong Learning" with you today. ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Thank you! 第二节（满分25分） 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。 Liam had never liked hospitals. But every Thursday afternoon, he walked through the double doors of the wards in Nationwide Children's Hospital, carrying a worn guitar and a bag full of puppets (木偶). After losing his younger sister to blood cancer five years earlier, Liam started volunteering as a hospital entertainer—quietly giving laughter where it was most needed. He wasn't loud, or particularly funny. But he was gentle, patient, and kind. Most kids smiled eventually with his company, even the shy ones. When Liam played together with them, the kids were wild with joy. Some clapped along to his songs. Some asked to try the puppets themselves. Almost all doctors and nurses said his visits were better than medicine to some degree. But actually, there was one patient he couldn't quite reach: Ava, a ten-year-old girl with a notebook always clutched (紧抓) to her chest. She rarely spoke, rarely smiled, and never made eye contact with anyone. She watched Liam's puppet shows from her bed, silent and still, showing no interest in anything around at all. Her drawings, though, told another story—skies full of stars, animals in suits, and people with wings. So strange was she that other kids also kept a distance from her. Week after week, Liam kept trying. He used every puppet voice he knew, from silly, funny, to serious. He even brought in a little red hat for his main puppet, Charlie, hoping to make her laugh. Still, the girl gave no reaction. Then one Thursday, as Liam packed up to leave, he noticed something new on her nightstand: a drawing of Charlie—the puppet with the red hat—holding hands with a girl who looked a lot like Ava. Liam felt a wave of warmth and surprise flooded into his heart. He smiled and quietly left a note beside it: "Looks like he made a friend." The next week, as Liam played his guitar as usual, Ava finally opened her mouth. "Does your puppet have a name?" she asked, so softly that he almost thought he imagined it. 注意： (1) 所续写短文的词数应为150左右； (2) 续写部分分为两段，每段的开头语已为你写好。 Liam was so surprised that he almost dropped the guitar. _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Years later, Ava became a volunteer in that same hospital. _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $英语科听力部分，该部分分为第一第二两节。注意回答听力部分时，请先将答案标在试卷上。听力部分结束前，你将有两分钟的时间将你的答案转涂到答题卡上。现在是听力试音时间。Hello, international friends club, can I help you? Oh, hello. I read about your club in the paper today, and I thought i'd phone to find out a bit more. Yes, certainly. Well, we're a sort of social club for people from different countries. It's quite a new club. We have about fifty members at the moment, but we're growing all the time. That sounds interesting. I'm british actually. And I came to washington about three months ago. I'm looking for ways to meet people. Uh, what kinds of events do you organize? Well, we have social git togethers and sports events, and we also have language evenings. Could you tell me something about . the language evenings? Yes, every day, except thursday, we have a language evening. People can come and practice their languages, you know, over a drink or something. We have different languages on different evenings. Monday spanish, tuesday italian, wednesday german and friday french. On thursday, we usually have a meal in a restaurant for anyone who wants to come. Well, that sounds great. I really need to practice . my friend. okay? Well, if you can just give me your name and address, i'll send you the form and some more information. If you join now, you can have the first month free. 试音到此结束，听力考试正式开始。请看听力部分第一节，第一节听下面5段对话，每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题，每段对话仅读一遍。例如现在你有5秒钟的时间看试卷上的例题。你将听到以下内容。excuse me, can you please tell me how much the shirt is? Yes, it's nine fifteen. 你。将有。5秒钟的时间将正确答案标在试卷上。衬衫的价格为九磅15便是。所以你选择C项并将其标在试卷上。现在你有5秒钟的时间阅读第一小题的有关内容。The weather report said IT would snow today. I've been looking forward to IT, but IT hasn't snowed so far. There a lot of dark clouds. Now I guess it's going to rain. Hey, Alice, i'm wondering if you d like to go to a movie with me tonight. The movie lights out is on again. Well, i'm not in the mood for that. I have to finish my term paper. Shall we take a bus or a subway to the railway station? We'd Better call a taxi. You're the boss. Did you go to the national museum with Mandy yesterday? No, I went to my uncle s farm. How about you? Well, SHE invited me to go with her, but I refused because of something important. Actually, SHE ended up going to nack pen beach with her family. Eva, the picture in your bedroom is so lovely. I love the garden in IT. Where did you take? IT? Well, it's a birthday gift from my sister Lucy. She's good at taking photos. 第一节到此结束，第二节听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的ABC3个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟。听完后各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间，每段对话或独白读两遍。听下面一段对话，回答第六和第7两个小题。现在你有10秒钟的时间阅读这两个小题。How is your first english class today? IT was great. We have a foreign teacher. really? Is that teacher from britain? No, he's from australia. He said he lived in france for eight years. cool. Is he strict or friendly? To be honest, I can't tell from only one class, but his english is easy to understand, and I think he has a sense of humor. Sounds good. How is your first english . class today? IT was great. We have a foreign teacher. really? Is that teacher from britain? No, he is from australia. He said he lived in france for eight years. cool. Is he strict or friendly? To be honest, I can't tell from only one class, but his english is easy to understand, and I think he has a sense of humor. Sounds good. 听下面一段对话，回答第八至第13个小题。现在你有15秒钟的时间阅读这三个小题。Excuse me, i'm a new student here. I can't find. My classroom is four hundred five. Could you please tell me where is? Hey, we're in the same class. We can go . together. thanks. I'm paw. Nice to meet you. I meet. Nice to meet you too. Well. actually i'm thinking about joining a club. Are you in any clubs? Yes, I am in the basketball club, and I practice for basketball matches every thursday afternoon. I'm also in the music club. I like to join the music club too. When do you practice? We practice every tuesday afternoon. Sometimes we have concerts on saturdays. Oh, we have Better get to the classroom quickly. The class starts . in five minutes. Okay, excuse me, i'm a new student here. I can't find. My classroom is four hundred and five. Could you please tell me what is? Hey, we're in the same class. We can go . together. thanks. I'm paul. Nice to meet you. I mean, nice to meet you too. Well. actually i'm thinking about joining a club. Are you in any clubs? Yes, I am in the basketball club, and I practice for basketball matches every thursday afternoon. I'm also in the music club. I like to join the music club too. When do you practice? We practice every tuesday afternoon. Sometimes we have concerts on saturdays. Oh, we Better get to the classroom quickly. The class starts . in five minutes OK. 听下面一段对话，回答第11至第13 3个小题。现在你有15秒钟的时间阅读这三个小题。Dad, can you pull over here? I want to buy a cup of coffee in that store. Do you really . think that's a good idea? Bela, it's hard to find a parking space here, and the coffee shop should be busy now. You might have to . wait for long. That's okay. They're still enough time. but you have to give a speech at your graduation ceremony at ten thirty after the teachers read a poem and some students singing and dance. I know, but I was so nervous about the speech that I got little sleep last night. I feel sleepy now. Having coffee will help me relax and get refreshed. All right, here's some . cash for you. Thanks, dad. Dad, can you pull over here? I want to buy a cup of coffee in that store. Do you really . think that's a good idea? Bella, it's hard to find a parking space here, and the coffee shop should be busy. Now you might . have to wait for long. That's okay. There's still enough time. but you have to give a speech at your graduation ceremony at ten thirty after the teachers read a poem and some students singing and dance. I know, but I was so nervous about the speech that I got little sleep last night. I feel sleepy now. Having coffee will help me relax and get refreshed. All right, here's some . cash for you. Thanks, dad. 听下面一段对话，回答第14至第17 4个小题。现在你有20秒钟的时间阅读这四个小题。Good morning, Ricky. IT seems like you are full of energy. I bet you exercise a lot. Hi Nancy. I used to be weak. My doctor advised me to do sports regularly to become strong and healthy. So I run for an hour every evening with my brother. Seriously, I never run. I think it's too boring. I like to do weight lifting in the gym. Well, that's good exercise, and I do that too. How often do you lift . weights only twice a week? What about you? I usually do at four times a week. Are there any . other sports you do? no. In fact, luc and I have decided to watch some movies at my home tonight. Would you like to join us? Sorry, I promise, jen, that i'd watch a football game with him. Maybe we can make IT another time. All right, good morning, Ricky. IT seems like you are full of energy. I bet you exercise a lot. Hi, Nancy. I used to be weak. My doctor advised me to do sports regularly to become strong and healthy. So I run for an hour every evening with my brother. Seriously, I never run. I think it's too boring. I like to do weight lifting . in the gym. Well, that's good exercise, and I do that too. How often do you lift weights . only twice a week? What about you? I usually do . at four times a week. Are there any other sports you do? No, in fact, luc and I have decided to watch some movies at my home tonight. Would you like to join us? Sorry, I promise, Jason, that i'd watch a football game with him. Maybe we can make IT another time. All right. 听下面一段独白，回答第18至第23个小题。现在你有15秒钟的时间阅读这三个小题。Last Christmas, I went to nice for a holiday with my wife and two daughters. The weather was bad, our car broke down, and after we arrived in nice, we checked into a hotel, which turned out to be very old. IT was raining and cold. When we went out to e, we found a small restaurant. There were very few customers, only two french women and an american man, besides the four of us in the corner, a piano player played Christmas music. My wife ordered our meal, but the waiter brought us the wrong food. I looked around and noticed that other customers were eating in silence. The person who seemed happy was the american man. He was writing a letter before his food came. Then to the front door came an old french woman who sold flowers. No one bought any. The american man finished his meal and got up to be putting on his coat. He walked over to the french woman, merry Christmas. How much? He smiled and said, picking out two bunches of roses, SHE said, two eos. He paid the old lady. Then he sent the roses to my daughters, and which doesn't merry Christmas. We removed to tears. He expressed the love and joy that had been bottled up in our hearts by anger. He gave us a happy Christmas. Last Christmas, I went in nice for a holiday with my wife and two daughters. The weather was bad, our car broke down, and after we arrived in nice, we checked into a hotel, which turned out to be very old. IT was raining and cold. When we went out to eat, we found a small restaurant. There were very few customers, only two french women and an american man, besides the four of us in the corner, a piano player played Christmas music. My wife ordered our meal, but the waiter brought us the wrong food. I looked around and noticed that other customers were eating in silence. The person who seemed happy was the american man. He was writing a letter before his food came. Then to the front door came an old french woman who sold flowers. No one bought any. The american man finished his meal and got up to lee, putting on his coat, he walked over to the french woman, merry Christmas. How much? He smiled and said, picking out two bunches of roses, SHE said, two euros. He paid the old lady. Then he sent the roses to my daughters, and which does a merry Christmas. We removed to tears. He expressed the love and joy that had been bottled. Ed, up in our hearts by anger. He gave us a happy Christmas. 第二节到此结束，现在你有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。听力部分到此结束。