专题07 语法填空之无提示词（定语从句和名词性从句）（知识清单）（全国通用）2027年高考英语一轮复习讲练测

该高中英语高考复习知识清单聚焦语法填空无提示词中的连接词专题，系统涵盖定语从句和名词性从句两大核心内容，通过知识脑图搭建框架，考点深研分层突破，优题精练强化实战应用，构建完整复习体系。 清单特色在于知识体系分层细化，如定语从句细分关系代词、介词+关系代词等知识点，名词性从句涵盖语序、引导词等内容，辅以that/which使用场景对比表、句型区别解析等工具，培养学生思维品质。设高考真题分类训练及易错点警示，提升语言能力与学习能力，便于学生自主复习，助力教师优化教学策略。

清单07 语法填空之无提示词(连接词--定语从句和名词性从句) 目录导航 01知识脑图·核心脉络搭建——梳理专题框架，搭建知识体系 02考点深研·知能分层突破——深挖高频考点，分层突破重难点 考点一 定语从句 知识点1 关系代词引导定语从句 知识点2 “介词+关系代词” 引导定语从句 知识点3. 关系副词引导定语从句 知识点4. 定语从句中的主谓一致 知识点5. 定语从句与其他七种容易混淆的句型的区别 考点二 名词性从句 知识点1 名词性从句的语序，引导词和时态 知识点2. 主语从句 知识点3 宾语从句 知识点4. 表语从句 知识点5. 同位语从句 03优题精练·专题实战通关——精选优质试题，强化实战应用 知识脑图·核心脉络搭建 考点深研·知能分层突破 考点1 定语从句 定语从句概述 定语从句 定义 在主从复合句中, 对某一名词、代词或名词短语起修饰、限制作用的从句 关系词：引导定语从句; 代替先行词; 在定语从句中充当一个成分。 关系代词 who; whom; whose; which; that, as 关系副词 when; where; why 可分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句 知识点1 关系代词引导的定语从句 关系代词 先行词 句法功能 who 人 主语、宾语(限制性定语从句中可省略)、表语 whom 人 宾语(限制性定语从句中可省略) whose(=of whom/of which) 人或物 定语 that 人或物 主语、宾语(限制性定语从句中可省略)、表语 which 物 主语、宾语(限制性定语从句中可省略) as 人或物 主语、宾语、表语 1.限制性定语从句中, 当先行词表示事物时,只用that不用which的情况 (1)先行词是all, much, little, something, everything, anything, nothing, none等不定代词时。 If I run into anything that might interest you, I’ll send it to you. We cannot say none that we saw on TV were true. (2)先行词被the only, any, few, no, very等修饰时。 After the fire in his house, the old car is the only thing that he owns. (3)先行词是形容词的最高级或序数词或被形容词的最高级、序数词修饰时。 That is the best film that has ever been shown so far in the city. When it comes to Jinan, the first that comes to mind is the spring water. (4)先行词既有人又有物时。 My mother and her old friends talked of things and persons that they remembered in the school. (5)主句的主语是疑问词who或which时。 Who is the person that is standing at the gate? 2.只用which不用that的情况 (1)关系代词前有介词时。 This is the reference book of which the teacher is speaking. (2)引导非限制性定语从句时。 Crusoe’s dog, which was very old, became ill and died. 3．as引导的定语从句 as引导限制性定语从句主要用于the same...as...，such...as...和so...as...结构中。 as既可以指人也可以指物，在从句中可作主语、宾语和表语。 We have found the same materials as are used in their factory. These houses are sold at such a low price as people expected. 4.引导非限制性定语从句的as与which 关系代词 位置不同 含义不同 as 引导的非限制性定语从句既可以放在主句前, 也可以放在主句后, 有时还可插入主句中 意为“正如……”, 后面的谓语动词多用see, know, expect, say, mention, report等 which 引导的非限制性定语从句通常放在主句之后 意为“这一点”或“这件事”等 As is known to all, great changes have taken place in China. John, as you know, is a famous writer. Tom was late for school again and again, which made his teacher very angry. 知识点2 “介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句 “介词＋关系词”可以引导定语从句，如果先行词是物，关系词用which；如果先行词是人，关系词用whom，介词可以根据与先行词的关系进行选择也可以根据与从句中谓语动词的搭配进行选择。 1．若介词放在关系代词之前，关系代词指人时常用whom，指物时常用which。另外，whose也可以放在介词后，即“介词＋whose＋名词”结构。 He is the person on whom you can depend. He was the man from whose room the thief had stolen his bag. Last Sunday I bought some books from the bookstore，three of which were English novels. 2．“介词＋关系代词”结构中介词的确定： (1)依据定语从句中动词的习惯搭配来确定 I bought a great many books，on which I spent all my money that I had saved. (2)依据先行词的某种习惯搭配来确定 I’ll never forget the time during which I spent my childhood in the country. (3)根据所表达的意思来确定 The colourless gas without which we cannot live is called oxygen. 3．whose引导的非限制性定语从句修饰物时，“whose＋名词”可以换为“the＋名词＋of which”；修饰人时，可以换为“the＋名词＋of whom”。 The newly built cafe，the walls of which(＝whose walls) are painted light green，is really a peaceful place for us，especially after hard work. 知识拓展 在正式的文体中,“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句可缩写成“介词+关系代词+不定式”结构。 She had some money in the bank, with which she could help her mother. →She had some money in the bank, with which to help her mother. 知识点3 关系副词引导的定语从句 1．定语从句中关系副词有when、where、why,代替前面的先行词,在从句中作时间状语、地点状语、原因状语。 She remembered clearly that day when she’d gone exploring the rock pools. This is the town where I was born. I’m writing to explain to you the reason why I was absent from your lecture last time. 2．关系副词when、where、why根据情况有时可换成“介词+关系代词which”。 There are occasions when (=on which) one must yield. Beijing is the place where (=in which) I was born. Is this the reason why (=for which) he refused our offer? 知识点4 定语从句中的主谓一致 1．关系代词作从句的主语时，从句中谓语动词的人称和数要与先行词保持一致；先行词是句子时，从句的谓语动词用单数。 The recorder that has been given to me is homemade. 2．“one of＋复数名词”位于关系代词前作先行词，且关系代词在从句中作主语时，从句的谓语动词常用复数，但当one前有the、the only、the very等修饰时，从句的谓语动词要用单数。 He is one of the students who have made great progress. He is the only one of the students who has made great progress. ( 定语从句与其他七种易混句型 1 ． 定语从句与并列句的区别 ： 两个句子之间若有 and ， but ， so 等并列连词或分号则为并列句，此时不需要再填引导词。 2 ． 定语从句与独立主格结构的区别 ： 定语从句有谓语动词，所以需要引导词，而独立主格结构不是句子，没有谓语动词，所以不需要再填引导词。 3 ． 定语从句与地点状语从句的区别 ： 定语从句有表示地点的先行词，而地点状语从句则没有；定语从句修饰的是先行词，而地点状语从句修饰的是谓语动词。 4 ． 定语从句与时间状语从句的区别 ： 定语从句有表示时间的先行词，而时间状语从句则没有；定语从句修饰先行词，而时间状语从句修饰谓语动词。 5 ． 定语从句与结果状语从句的区别 ： 在 the same...as... 与 such...as... 结构中， as 引导定语从句并在从句中充当一定的成分； such/so...that... 引导的结果状语从句中， that 在从句中不作成分。 6 ． 定语从句与主语从句的区别 ： 定语从句是形容词性从句，其作用相当于一个形容词，在整个句子中作定语，用来修饰前面的名词或代词；而主语从句是名词性从句，其作用相当于一个名词，在整个句子中作主语。 7 ． 定语从句与强调句型的区别 ： 强调句的结构为 “It is/was ＋被强调部分＋ that/who ＋其他部分 ” ， It is/was 和 that/who 在句中不作任何成分，也不起连接作用，去掉后，句子依然完整。但是定语从句的关系词既起连接作用还在从句中充当成分，去掉以后结构就不完整了。 ) 考点2 名词性从句 　名词性从句包括主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。 知识点1 名词性从句的语序，引导词和时态 1. 名词性从句由不同的引导词引导,从句一般保持陈述语序。 2. 引导名词性从句的连接词可分为3类: 引导词 功能 从属连词 that 在从句中不作任何成分，也没有词汇意义 whether，if 在从句中不作任何成分，意为“是否” because，as if/though 在从句中不作任何成分，分别意为“因为”“好像” 连接代词 who(ever)，whom(ever)，what(ever)，whose，which(ever) who(ever)和what(ever)在从句中作主语、宾语或表语； whom(ever)在从句中作宾语； which(ever)在从句中作主语、宾语； whose在从句中作定语 连接副词 when(ever)，where，wherever，why，how(ever) 在从句中作状语 3. 名词性从句的时态 (1)当主句是现在时态(一般现在时，现在进行时，现在完成时)时， 从句可根据实际情况使用各种时态。 It annoys me that he broke my favourite vase. Do you know when and where he bought the book? I have heard that our teacher will come back tomorrow. (2)当主句的谓语动词是过去时的时候，宾语从句若不是一个客观事实或真理，其谓语动词也用某种过去时态。 I asked her if she would allow me to interview her，and she readily agreed. My teacher said that the sun rises in the east and sets in the west.(客观真理) ( 1 ． what 作连接代词引导的名词性从句既可以表示一个问 “ 什么 ……?” 的问题 , 也可以表示相当于 “ 名词 / 代词 + 关系代词引导的定语从句 ” 的结构 , 意思是 “ 所 …… 的事 / 物 ”, 相当于 the thing(s) that/which... 。 wh-ever 既可引导名词性从句 , 又可引导让步状语从句 ; 而 no matter wh- 只能引导让步状语从句。 2 ． if 、 whether 引导的名词性从句 (1) 引导主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句时一般用 whether, 不用 if 。 (2)whether 与 if 引导宾语从句时大多数情况下可以互换 , 但下列情况只能用 whether: ①后面直接跟 or not 时用 whether ②用于介词后引导宾语从句时用 whether ) 知识点2 主语从句 主语从句是在复合句中充当主语的从句,通常放在主句谓语动词之前或由形式主语it代替,而本身放在句子末尾。 1. it作形式主语的句型有: (1)It+be+名词+从句 It is a fact that... 事实是…… It is good news that... ……是好消息 It is a question that... ……是个问题 It is common knowledge that... ……是常识 类似的可用于该结构的词还有:a pity、a wonder、a good thing、no wonder、a surprise等。 (2)It+be+形容词+从句 It is necessary that...有必要…… It is clear that... 很清楚…… It is likely that... 很可能…… It is important that... 重要的是…… 类似的可用于该结构的形容词还有:strange、natural、obvious、true、good、wonderful、possible、unlikely、unusual、certain、evident、worthwhile、surprising、interesting、astonishing等。 (3)It+be+过去分词+从句 It is said that...据说…… It is reported that...据报道…… It has been proved that...已证明…… It must be pointed out that...必须指出…… 类似的可用于该结构的过去分词(词组)还有:known、estimated、expected、believed、thought、hoped、noted、discussed、required、decided、suggested、demanded、made clear、found out等。 知识点3 宾语从句 　　宾语从句在复合句中起宾语的作用,既可作动词的宾语,也可作介词的宾语(作介词的宾语时必须由wh-疑问词引导)。 1.that的省略与否 　　that引导宾语从句时, 在句中不充当任何成分,在口语或非正式的文体中常被省去。但如果是由and连接两个并列的宾语从句时,第二个宾语从句前的that不可省略。如: He said (that) you were too young to understand the matter and that he was asked not to tell you. 2.句子的语序 由who、whom、which、whose、what、when、where、why、how、whoever、whichever等引导的宾语从句,应注意从句的语序要用陈述语序。如: Can you explain why he didn’t come to the party last Sunday? ( 1. think 、 believe 、 imagine 、 suppose 等动词引导的否定性宾语从句中 , 要把上述主句中的动词变为否定式 , 即将从句中的否定形式转移到主句中。 2. 动词 doubt 用在疑问句或否定句中时 , 其后宾语从句常用 that 作连接词 ; 用在肯定句中时 , 连接词用 whether 或 if 皆可 , 而不用 that 。 ) 知识点4 表语从句 　　表语从句除了用that、what、when、why、whether、how等引导外,还可由because、as if(though)等引导。that 引导表语从句,无任何意义,只起连接作用,不可省略。 Without his support, we wouldn’t be where we are now. By boat is the only way to get here, which is how we arrived. It looks as if a sandstorm is coming up. The fact of the matter is that most people consume far more protein than they actually need. ( 1. whether 可引导表语从句 , 但与之同义的 if 不用于引导表语从句。 The question is whether he will join us next time. 2. That is because... 指原因或理由。 That is why... 指由于各种原因所造成的后果。 He did not see the film last night. That is because he had to help his little sister with her homework. . He had seen the film before. That is why he did not see it last night. 3 当主语是 reason 时 , 表语从句要用 that 引导而不是 because 。 The reason why I was late was that my car broke down on the way. ) 知识点5 同位语从句 　　同位语从句用于对前面出现的名词作进一步说明,一般用连词that引导。由于名词的意义不同,也可用whether、who、when、where、what、why、how等引导。常见的后跟同位语从句的名词有fact、idea、belief、news、hope、conclusion、evidence、suggestion、order、problem、report、decision、word(消息)等。例如: ※We came to the decision that we must act at once. I have no idea when he will come back. We don’t understand the problem why this is the best choice. ( that 引导同位语从句和定语从句的区别 : 引导同位语从句的 that 不充当句子成分 , 且不可省略 ;that 引导的定语从句成分是残缺的 ,that 代替先行词在从句中充当主语、宾语或表语 , 充当宾语时可省略。 We are glad at the news that he will come. ( that 引导的是同位语从句 ) We are glad at the news that he told us. 听到他告诉我们的这个消息我们很高兴。 ( that 引导的是 定语从句 ) ) 优题精练●专题实战通关 一．单句语法填空 1.(2026浙江1月) The microwave had a loud alarm, but we overshadowed that noise with our own performance, tipping our heads back and shouting into the air-a scream ________ always ended in laughter. 2. (2026全国I卷) Drawn by the aroma (香味) of street food, they line up in front of stands ________ serve steaming dumplings and hot noodle soup. 3.(2025天津高考第一次改编)Within several months, Daniel helped raise $20,000, with_______ a clinic was set up in Kenya. 4.(2025天津高考第二次改编)The Stone Age is the name given to the time over 2,000,000 years ago, _______ life was very different from today. 5.(2025新高考I卷)An exhibition at the Jiushi Art Museum in Shanghai is featuring artwork inspired by Go, or weiqi in Chinese, _______ originated in China more than 4,000 years ago. 6.(2025新高考Ⅱ卷)Yet now, I live in the countryside of Zhejiang, China with my Chinese husband and his family, _______ bamboo and tea bushes(灌木) grow wild in the mountains. 7.(2025浙江1月)Tanya is also looking beyond special-occasion dresses to less formal clothing, _______ she plans to package as capsule wardrobes and offer to travellers, such as those headed to weddings abroad, with a longer-term rental period. 8.(2025天津高考第一次改编)_______he managed to finish the marathon inspired his classmates to push their limits in sports. 9.(2025天津高考第二次改编)Knowing _______ your weakness lies is one of the first and most challenging steps in learning to manage yourself. 10.( 2025-2026学年天津市三校联考第二学期高三一模)REM is a crucial sleep stage _______ is important for brain health and for helping enhance memory. 11.(2026届天津市第四十七中学高三年级第二学期考前测试)Because there was no formal system to record trees’ survival rate, scientists launched a science project, _______ was aimed at recording it across the country. 12.( 2025-2026学年天津市滨海新区紫云中学下学期高考一考模拟)Galileo made many discoveries, _______ which the most important is the discovery that the Earth moves around the Sun. 13.( 2025-2026学年天津市河西区第二学期高三年级总复习质量调查(一)After years of hard work, she has finally reached a point in her career _______ she needs to make a crucial decision about her future path. 14.( 2025-2026学年天津南开中学高三年级下学期第四次质量检测)The company’s profits could fall sharply this quarter, in ________ case we might have to freeze hiring. 15.(2025-2026学年度湖南长沙市岳麓区湖南师范大学附属中学下学期高三英语周测)_______ struck me most was such plain warmth. 16.(2025-2026学年河南信阳市浉河区信阳高级中学高三下学期03月测试(一)The idea _______ we can use light to record sound dates back to the 19th century. 17.(2025-2026学年河南信阳市浉河区信阳高级中学高三下学期03月测试(二)This is consistent _______ findings from other studies, which identify adult nature connectedness as the strongest predictor of _______ a child will become close to nature. 18. (2026届湖北黄冈中学高三年级5月考前预测）It was precisely her gentle voice in ________ I had placed my deepest trust that planted this seed in my heart. 19. (2026届湖北黄冈中学高三年级5月考前预测）“A thing is beautiful because of its mistakes.” I have never encountered _______ a little kind act in any other teacher that it completely reshaped my understanding of love — for she accepted every flaw as a gift. 20. (2026届湖北省武昌实验中学高考适应性考试）The Daode Jing emphasizes the virtues of water, illustrating ________ its qualities shape and guide the principles of social life and personal conduct to a remarkable extent. 二．语篇语法填空 Passage 1 (2026届湖南长沙市同升湖高级中学有限公司考前模拟英语试题) Is artificial intelligence the greatest human achievement or the biggest threat to our 1 (exist)? People in the Technology of Tomorrow Forum have different views. Millenniumbutterfly thinks that her daily life is more 2 (convenience) with the advance of artificial intelligence. For example, she has got her super-smart personal assistant 3 (build) into her phone. The assistant answers any question she puts to her 4 (immediate) and even uses her answers to learn more about her 5 (prefer). She hopes that more breakthroughs in AI will be made soon, so that people can enjoy more and more benefits. Popkid admits that more advanced AI could be helpful in 6 (solve) the world’s problems, 7 there is a high level of risk involved. Actually none of us 8 (prepare) for the challenges of AI. In Pink_haze’s opinion, if super-intelligent AI goes wrong or falls 9 the wrong hands, it could also be the most dangerous. We have no choice but 10 (embrace) it and regulate it. Passage 2 (2026届江苏省苏州市高三5月考前学情自测英语试题) Qinhuangdao in North China’s Hebei province has launched a panda-themed base offering nature-based treatment for children with autism (自闭症) through close encounters with giant pandas. “The initiative, 11 (design) to ease anxiety and promote emotional connection, 12 (reflect) the city’s growing commitment to developing innovative medical 13 (approach) for autism”, local authorities said. 14 total of 133 children with autism, led by their parents and volunteers, attended the event ahead of the 19th World Autism Awareness Day, 15 will be observed on Thursday. Many children arrived 16 (rest) but gradually relaxed as they moved through the park’s animal zones. Song Liping, mother of 31-year-old Li Ruxian, has lived this journey for decades. Her son did not speak until age 4. “Raising a child with autism requires far more patience and energy 17 most people can imagine,” Song said. She has dedicated herself to her son’s rehabilitation (康复) since 2014, becoming a volunteer and launching music therapy programs. Today, her son has grown from someone in constant need of care 18 her teaching assistant. To make such experiences more 19 (access), the wildlife park announced a policy: for each visitor holding a severe disability certificate, one 20 (accompany) family member can enter for free. Passage 3 (2026年浙江杭州第二中学5月高三年级适应性检测（最后一卷） At dawn in Guangzhou’s tea houses, bamboo steamers rise and teacups are washed in skilled rhythm. Nothing can bring us more 21 (refresh) than a cup of yum cha, or morning tea. For Patrick Parsons, 22 Irishman, this time-honored Lingnan routine is not only a window to a different culture 23 he has immersed himself for more than two decades, but a deeply rooted part of everyday life. His tea habits 24 (undergo) a quiet transformation over the years. In Ireland, black tea is typically served with milk and sugar. But in Guangzhou’s tea houses, Parsons has come to prefer tea 25 its pure form. Whether Pu’er or his favored Jin Jun Mei, he drinks it unmixed. “I’ve learned to appreciate tea’s 26 (origin) flavor,” he said. In his view, the lively atmosphere of Guangzhou’s tea houses 27 (echo) the social function of Irish pubs. Parsons observed: “People come together to meet friends, to gather with family. It feels similar.” He is also fascinated by the finer details of the tradition, such as the custom of tapping fingers on the table 28 (express) thanks when tea is poured. Gradually, tea has reshaped his taste and broadened his understanding of local Cantonese culture. With tradition and times 29 (evolve) together, yum cha continues to adapt. Yet each morning, the routine remains: diners wash their cups, share a few steamers, 30 ease into the day — one sip of tea, two bites of dim sum. Passage 4 (2026届安徽省六安第一中学高三年级适应性考试英语试题) Wu Yize Claims Historic World Snooker Championship Title In a dramatic final showdown, 22-year-old Chinese snooker player Wu Yize defeated England’s Shaun Murphy 18-17 on May 4, 2026. With the victory in Sheffield, he claimed his first World Snooker Championship title and made sporting history. He became the first post-2000 player 31 (win) the title, as well as the second 32 (young) champion in the tournament’s history, following Stephen Hendry 33 claimed the title at 21 in 1990. The final remained tight until the very end. Both players were tied at 17-17 ahead of the deciding frame. 34 (face) with huge pressure, Wu stayed calm and made a crucial break of 85 points to secure the championship trophy. Wu Yize was born in Lanzhou, Gansu Province, in 2003. He became 35 (passion) about snooker at seven and showed natural talent. His family made great sacrifices to support his snooker dream. At 16, he moved to Sheffield, 36 birthplace of modern snooker, with his father, and received professional training there. He kept working hard and 37 (overcome) countless difficulties. Wu’s victory 38 (mark) a major milestone for Chinese snooker. In the past, Ding Junhui represented China alone on the global snooker stage. Today, young Chinese players are rising rapidly, moving Chinese snooker from individual breakthrough to group progress. Wu serves as a role model for young people with his 39 (persevere) and calmness. As a rising sports star, Wu has laid a solid foundation 40 his professional career. Passage 5 (2026届山东济南市三下学期高考前针对性训练英语试题) For more than 150 years, Chinese cuisine has been integrated into the fabric of American dining — often represented by dishes like fried rice, egg roll and General Tso’s chicken. Today, Zhao Yong’s Junzi Kitchen is reimagining how Americans experience Chinese food, 41 (offer) traditional home-style dishes through a modern fast-casual style. In 2015, Zhao opened the first Junzi Kitchen in New Haven, Connecticut. 42 began as a single storefront has since grown into a nine-location operation. “For many Americans, Chinese food means takeout,” Zhao said. “We want to show that there’s so much more for customers 43 (discover).” Junzi Kitchen highlights comforting, everyday Chinese dishes like scrambled eggs with tomatoes and beef shank soup. “These dishes may seem ordinary to Chinese people, but for diners 44 understanding of Chinese cuisine has been limited to ‘American Chinese food’, they feel fresh and excited,” Zhao explained. Junzi Kitchen has adapted its kitchen operations and service model to fit American dining habits 45 abandoning tradition. Customers build their meals by choosing 46 base of rice or noodles, adding sauces, selecting a protein like braised beef or pork meatballs, and finishing with vegetables. This combination of 47 (convenient) and cooking tradition has been popular with customers. A diner once 48 (write) online, “The beef shank is always perfectly cooked. I don’t usually write reviews, but I had to for Junzi.” By bringing this concept to the US, a country 49 (shape) by cultural diversity, Zhao hopes Junzi Kitchen can present a modern and 50 (include) vision of Chinese culture. 10 / 12 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 清单07 语法填空之无提示词(连接词--定语从句和名词性从句) 目录导航 01知识脑图·核心脉络搭建——梳理专题框架，搭建知识体系 02考点深研·知能分层突破——深挖高频考点，分层突破重难点 考点一 定语从句 知识点1 关系代词引导定语从句 知识点2 “介词+关系代词” 引导定语从句 知识点3. 关系副词引导定语从句 知识点4. 定语从句中的主谓一致 知识点5. 定语从句与其他七种容易混淆的句型的区别 考点二 名词性从句 知识点1 名词性从句的语序，引导词和时态 知识点2. 主语从句 知识点3 宾语从句 知识点4. 表语从句 知识点5. 同位语从句 03优题精练·专题实战通关——精选优质试题，强化实战应用 知识脑图·核心脉络搭建 考点深研·知能分层突破 考点1 定语从句 定语从句概述 定语从句 定义 在主从复合句中, 对某一名词、代词或名词短语起修饰、限制作用的从句 关系词：引导定语从句; 代替先行词; 在定语从句中充当一个成分。 关系代词 who; whom; whose; which; that, as 关系副词 when; where; why 可分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句 知识点1 关系代词引导的定语从句 关系代词 先行词 句法功能 who 人 主语、宾语(限制性定语从句中可省略)、表语 whom 人 宾语(限制性定语从句中可省略) whose(=of whom/of which) 人或物 定语 that 人或物 主语、宾语(限制性定语从句中可省略)、表语 which 物 主语、宾语(限制性定语从句中可省略) as 人或物 主语、宾语、表语 1.限制性定语从句中, 当先行词表示事物时,只用that不用which的情况 (1)先行词是all, much, little, something, everything, anything, nothing, none等不定代词时。 If I run into anything that might interest you, I’ll send it to you. We cannot say none that we saw on TV were true. (2)先行词被the only, any, few, no, very等修饰时。 After the fire in his house, the old car is the only thing that he owns. (3)先行词是形容词的最高级或序数词或被形容词的最高级、序数词修饰时。 That is the best film that has ever been shown so far in the city. When it comes to Jinan, the first that comes to mind is the spring water. (4)先行词既有人又有物时。 My mother and her old friends talked of things and persons that they remembered in the school. (5)主句的主语是疑问词who或which时。 Who is the person that is standing at the gate? 2.只用which不用that的情况 (1)关系代词前有介词时。 This is the reference book of which the teacher is speaking. (2)引导非限制性定语从句时。 Crusoe’s dog, which was very old, became ill and died. 3．as引导的定语从句 as引导限制性定语从句主要用于the same...as...，such...as...和so...as...结构中。 as既可以指人也可以指物，在从句中可作主语、宾语和表语。 We have found the same materials as are used in their factory. These houses are sold at such a low price as people expected. 4.引导非限制性定语从句的as与which 关系代词 位置不同 含义不同 as 引导的非限制性定语从句既可以放在主句前, 也可以放在主句后, 有时还可插入主句中 意为“正如……”, 后面的谓语动词多用see, know, expect, say, mention, report等 which 引导的非限制性定语从句通常放在主句之后 意为“这一点”或“这件事”等 As is known to all, great changes have taken place in China. John, as you know, is a famous writer. Tom was late for school again and again, which made his teacher very angry. 知识点2 “介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句 “介词＋关系词”可以引导定语从句，如果先行词是物，关系词用which；如果先行词是人，关系词用whom，介词可以根据与先行词的关系进行选择也可以根据与从句中谓语动词的搭配进行选择。 1．若介词放在关系代词之前，关系代词指人时常用whom，指物时常用which。另外，whose也可以放在介词后，即“介词＋whose＋名词”结构。 He is the person on whom you can depend. He was the man from whose room the thief had stolen his bag. Last Sunday I bought some books from the bookstore，three of which were English novels. 2．“介词＋关系代词”结构中介词的确定： (1)依据定语从句中动词的习惯搭配来确定 I bought a great many books，on which I spent all my money that I had saved. (2)依据先行词的某种习惯搭配来确定 I’ll never forget the time during which I spent my childhood in the country. (3)根据所表达的意思来确定 The colourless gas without which we cannot live is called oxygen. 3．whose引导的非限制性定语从句修饰物时，“whose＋名词”可以换为“the＋名词＋of which”；修饰人时，可以换为“the＋名词＋of whom”。 The newly built cafe，the walls of which(＝whose walls) are painted light green，is really a peaceful place for us，especially after hard work. 知识拓展 在正式的文体中,“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句可缩写成“介词+关系代词+不定式”结构。 She had some money in the bank, with which she could help her mother. →She had some money in the bank, with which to help her mother. 知识点3 关系副词引导的定语从句 1．定语从句中关系副词有when、where、why,代替前面的先行词,在从句中作时间状语、地点状语、原因状语。 She remembered clearly that day when she’d gone exploring the rock pools. This is the town where I was born. I’m writing to explain to you the reason why I was absent from your lecture last time. 2．关系副词when、where、why根据情况有时可换成“介词+关系代词which”。 There are occasions when (=on which) one must yield. Beijing is the place where (=in which) I was born. Is this the reason why (=for which) he refused our offer? 知识点4 定语从句中的主谓一致 1．关系代词作从句的主语时，从句中谓语动词的人称和数要与先行词保持一致；先行词是句子时，从句的谓语动词用单数。 The recorder that has been given to me is homemade. 2．“one of＋复数名词”位于关系代词前作先行词，且关系代词在从句中作主语时，从句的谓语动词常用复数，但当one前有the、the only、the very等修饰时，从句的谓语动词要用单数。 He is one of the students who have made great progress. He is the only one of the students who has made great progress. ( 定语从句与其他七种易混句型 1 ． 定语从句与并列句的区别 ： 两个句子之间若有 and ， but ， so 等并列连词或分号则为并列句，此时不需要再填引导词。 2 ． 定语从句与独立主格结构的区别 ： 定语从句有谓语动词，所以需要引导词，而独立主格结构不是句子，没有谓语动词，所以不需要再填引导词。 3 ． 定语从句与地点状语从句的区别 ： 定语从句有表示地点的先行词，而地点状语从句则没有；定语从句修饰的是先行词，而地点状语从句修饰的是谓语动词。 4 ． 定语从句与时间状语从句的区别 ： 定语从句有表示时间的先行词，而时间状语从句则没有；定语从句修饰先行词，而时间状语从句修饰谓语动词。 5 ． 定语从句与结果状语从句的区别 ： 在 the same...as... 与 such...as... 结构中， as 引导定语从句并在从句中充当一定的成分； such/so...that... 引导的结果状语从句中， that 在从句中不作成分。 6 ． 定语从句与主语从句的区别 ： 定语从句是形容词性从句，其作用相当于一个形容词，在整个句子中作定语，用来修饰前面的名词或代词；而主语从句是名词性从句，其作用相当于一个名词，在整个句子中作主语。 7 ． 定语从句与强调句型的区别 ： 强调句的结构为 “It is/was ＋被强调部分＋ that/who ＋其他部分 ” ， It is/was 和 that/who 在句中不作任何成分，也不起连接作用，去掉后，句子依然完整。但是定语从句的关系词既起连接作用还在从句中充当成分，去掉以后结构就不完整了。 ) 考点2 名词性从句 　名词性从句包括主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。 知识点1 名词性从句的语序，引导词和时态 1. 名词性从句由不同的引导词引导,从句一般保持陈述语序。 2. 引导名词性从句的连接词可分为3类: 引导词 功能 从属连词 that 在从句中不作任何成分，也没有词汇意义 whether，if 在从句中不作任何成分，意为“是否” because，as if/though 在从句中不作任何成分，分别意为“因为”“好像” 连接代词 who(ever)，whom(ever)，what(ever)，whose，which(ever) who(ever)和what(ever)在从句中作主语、宾语或表语； whom(ever)在从句中作宾语； which(ever)在从句中作主语、宾语； whose在从句中作定语 连接副词 when(ever)，where，wherever，why，how(ever) 在从句中作状语 3. 名词性从句的时态 (1)当主句是现在时态(一般现在时，现在进行时，现在完成时)时， 从句可根据实际情况使用各种时态。 It annoys me that he broke my favourite vase. Do you know when and where he bought the book? I have heard that our teacher will come back tomorrow. (2)当主句的谓语动词是过去时的时候，宾语从句若不是一个客观事实或真理，其谓语动词也用某种过去时态。 I asked her if she would allow me to interview her，and she readily agreed. My teacher said that the sun rises in the east and sets in the west.(客观真理) ( 1 ． what 作连接代词引导的名词性从句既可以表示一个问 “ 什么 ……?” 的问题 , 也可以表示相当于 “ 名词 / 代词 + 关系代词引导的定语从句 ” 的结构 , 意思是 “ 所 …… 的事 / 物 ”, 相当于 the thing(s) that/which... 。 wh-ever 既可引导名词性从句 , 又可引导让步状语从句 ; 而 no matter wh- 只能引导让步状语从句。 2 ． if 、 whether 引导的名词性从句 (1) 引导主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句时一般用 whether, 不用 if 。 (2)whether 与 if 引导宾语从句时大多数情况下可以互换 , 但下列情况只能用 whether: ①后面直接跟 or not 时用 whether ②用于介词后引导宾语从句时用 whether ) 知识点2 主语从句 主语从句是在复合句中充当主语的从句,通常放在主句谓语动词之前或由形式主语it代替,而本身放在句子末尾。 1. it作形式主语的句型有: (1)It+be+名词+从句 It is a fact that... 事实是…… It is good news that... ……是好消息 It is a question that... ……是个问题 It is common knowledge that... ……是常识 类似的可用于该结构的词还有:a pity、a wonder、a good thing、no wonder、a surprise等。 (2)It+be+形容词+从句 It is necessary that...有必要…… It is clear that... 很清楚…… It is likely that... 很可能…… It is important that... 重要的是…… 类似的可用于该结构的形容词还有:strange、natural、obvious、true、good、wonderful、possible、unlikely、unusual、certain、evident、worthwhile、surprising、interesting、astonishing等。 (3)It+be+过去分词+从句 It is said that...据说…… It is reported that...据报道…… It has been proved that...已证明…… It must be pointed out that...必须指出…… 类似的可用于该结构的过去分词(词组)还有:known、estimated、expected、believed、thought、hoped、noted、discussed、required、decided、suggested、demanded、made clear、found out等。 知识点3 宾语从句 　　宾语从句在复合句中起宾语的作用,既可作动词的宾语,也可作介词的宾语(作介词的宾语时必须由wh-疑问词引导)。 1.that的省略与否 　　that引导宾语从句时, 在句中不充当任何成分,在口语或非正式的文体中常被省去。但如果是由and连接两个并列的宾语从句时,第二个宾语从句前的that不可省略。如: He said (that) you were too young to understand the matter and that he was asked not to tell you. 2.句子的语序 由who、whom、which、whose、what、when、where、why、how、whoever、whichever等引导的宾语从句,应注意从句的语序要用陈述语序。如: Can you explain why he didn’t come to the party last Sunday? ( 1. think 、 believe 、 imagine 、 suppose 等动词引导的否定性宾语从句中 , 要把上述主句中的动词变为否定式 , 即将从句中的否定形式转移到主句中。 2. 动词 doubt 用在疑问句或否定句中时 , 其后宾语从句常用 that 作连接词 ; 用在肯定句中时 , 连接词用 whether 或 if 皆可 , 而不用 that 。 ) 知识点4 表语从句 　　表语从句除了用that、what、when、why、whether、how等引导外,还可由because、as if(though)等引导。that 引导表语从句,无任何意义,只起连接作用,不可省略。 Without his support, we wouldn’t be where we are now. By boat is the only way to get here, which is how we arrived. It looks as if a sandstorm is coming up. The fact of the matter is that most people consume far more protein than they actually need. ( 1. whether 可引导表语从句 , 但与之同义的 if 不用于引导表语从句。 The question is whether he will join us next time. 2. That is because... 指原因或理由。 That is why... 指由于各种原因所造成的后果。 He did not see the film last night. That is because he had to help his little sister with her homework. . He had seen the film before. That is why he did not see it last night. 3 当主语是 reason 时 , 表语从句要用 that 引导而不是 because 。 The reason why I was late was that my car broke down on the way. ) 知识点5 同位语从句 　　同位语从句用于对前面出现的名词作进一步说明,一般用连词that引导。由于名词的意义不同,也可用whether、who、when、where、what、why、how等引导。常见的后跟同位语从句的名词有fact、idea、belief、news、hope、conclusion、evidence、suggestion、order、problem、report、decision、word(消息)等。例如: ※We came to the decision that we must act at once. I have no idea when he will come back. We don’t understand the problem why this is the best choice. ( that 引导同位语从句和定语从句的区别 : 引导同位语从句的 that 不充当句子成分 , 且不可省略 ;that 引导的定语从句成分是残缺的 ,that 代替先行词在从句中充当主语、宾语或表语 , 充当宾语时可省略。 We are glad at the news that he will come. ( that 引导的是同位语从句 ) We are glad at the news that he told us. 听到他告诉我们的这个消息我们很高兴。 ( that 引导的是 定语从句 ) ) 优题精练●专题实战通关 一．单句语法填空 1.(2026浙江1月) The microwave had a loud alarm, but we overshadowed that noise with our own performance, tipping our heads back and shouting into the air-a scream ________ always ended in laughter. 【答案】that/which 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：微波炉的警报声很大，但我们用自己的表演掩盖了那个声音，仰起头对着天空大喊——一声尖叫总是以笑声结束。本空引导定语从句，先行词是a scream，指物，关系词代替先行词在定语从句中作主语，应用关系代词that或which引导。故填that/which。 2. (2026全国I卷) Drawn by the aroma (香味) of street food, they line up in front of stands ________ serve steaming dumplings and hot noodle soup. 【答案】that/which 【详解】考查定语从句。句意同上。此处引导限制性定语从句，stands(摊位)是先行词，关系代词在从句中作主语，应用关系代词that或which引导从句。 3.(2025天津高考第一次改编)Within several months, Daniel helped raise $20,000, with_______ a clinic was set up in Kenya. 【答案】which 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：在几个月内，丹尼尔帮助筹集了2万美元，用这笔钱在肯尼亚建立了一家诊所。“________ a clinic was set up in Kenya”是非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词$20,000，表示“用这笔钱”，应用“介词+关系代词”引导定语从句，指物只能用which，根据句意“用这笔钱”可知，应使用介词with，表示使用的工具或手段，即“with+which”引导定语从句。 4.(2025天津高考第二次改编)The Stone Age is the name given to the time over 2,000,000 years ago, _______ life was very different from today. 【答案】when 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：“石器时代”指的是大约200万年前的那个时期，在那个时期，人类的生活与如今大不相同。非限制性定语从句修饰先行词time，在从句作时间状语，用when。 5.(2025新高考I卷)An exhibition at the Jiushi Art Museum in Shanghai is featuring artwork inspired by Go, or weiqi in Chinese, _______ originated in China more than 4,000 years ago. 【答案】which 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：上海久事美术馆正在举办一场展览，展出的艺术品灵感来自围棋(中文称为“围棋”)，它起源4000多年前的中国。本空引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词为Go, or weiqi in Chinese，指物，且关系词代替先行词在从句中作主语，所以用关系代词which引导。故填which。 6.(2025新高考Ⅱ卷)Yet now, I live in the countryside of Zhejiang, China with my Chinese husband and his family, _______ bamboo and tea bushes(灌木) grow wild in the mountains. 【答案】where 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：然而现在，我和我的中国丈夫和他的家人住在中国浙江的农村，在那里山上野生竹子和茶树丛生，鸡总是自由放养的，而且没有集中供暖。本空引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词the countryside of Zhejiang，China，关系词代替先行词在从句中作地点状语，应用关系副词where引导。故填where。 7.(2025浙江1月)Tanya is also looking beyond special-occasion dresses to less formal clothing, _______ she plans to package as capsule wardrobes and offer to travellers, such as those headed to weddings abroad, with a longer-term rental period. 【答案】which 【详解】考查定语从句的关系词。先行词为“less formal clothing”，指物，在从句中作主语，故填which。 8.(2025天津高考第一次改编)_______he managed to finish the marathon inspired his classmates to push their limits in sports. 【答案】That 【详解】考查主语从句连接词。句意：他成功跑完马拉松这件事，激励了同学们在体育运动中挑战自己的极限。A. What什么；B. That无意义，只起连接作用；C. Whether是否；D. When何时。分析句子结构可知，此处为主语从句，从句“____he managed to finish the Marathon”成分完整，不缺成分，应用只起连接作用、无实义的that来引导。 9.(2025天津高考第二次改编)Knowing _______ your weakness lies is one of the first and most challenging steps in learning to manage yourself. A. that B. what C. how D. where 【答案】where 【详解】考查宾语从句。句意：知道你的弱点在哪里是学习自我管理的第一步也是最具挑战性的步骤之一。“your weakness lies”是宾语从句，表示“你的弱点在哪里”，用连接副词where引导宾语从句，在从句中作地点状语。 10.( 2025-2026学年天津市三校联考第二学期高三一模)REM is a crucial sleep stage _______ is important for brain health and for helping enhance memory. 【答案】that/ which 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：快速眼动睡眠是一个关键的睡眠阶段，它对大脑健康和帮助增强记忆力都很重要。空处引导限制性定语从句，先行词a crucial sleep stage，指物，在定语从句中作主语，需用关系代词that/which引导。故用which/ that。 11.(2026届天津市第四十七中学高三年级第二学期考前测试)Because there was no formal system to record trees’ survival rate, scientists launched a science project, _______ was aimed at recording it across the country. 【答案】which 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：由于此前没有一套正式的系统来记录树木的存活率，因此科学家们启动了一个科研项目，旨在在全国范围内进行相关记录。空格处引导的是非限制性定语从句，从句中缺少主语，先行词project是物，因此空格处用关系代词which引导定语从句，故填which。 12.( 2025-2026学年天津市滨海新区紫云中学下学期高考一考模拟)Galileo made many discoveries, _______ which the most important is the discovery that the Earth moves around the Sun. 【答案】of 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：伽利略有许多发现，其中最为重要的一项便是发现了地球围绕太阳运转这一事实。空格处是“介词+which”引导非限制性定语从句，此处表示“在那些发现中最为重要的一项是发现了地球围绕太阳运转这一事实”，因此介词of表示“在……当中”，用of which引导定语从句。故填of。 13.( 2025-2026学年天津市河西区第二学期高三年级总复习质量调查(一)After years of hard work, she has finally reached a point in her career _______ she needs to make a crucial decision about her future path. 【答案】where 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：经过多年的努力，她终于在职业生涯中到了一个需要为未来道路做出关键决定的阶段。空处引导限制性定语从句，先行词是a point，且从句中缺少地点状语可知，此处用where引导定语从句。故填where。 14.( 2025-2026学年天津南开中学高三年级下学期第四次质量检测)The company’s profits could fall sharply this quarter, in ________ case we might have to freeze hiring. 【答案】which 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：这家公司的利润在这个季度可能会急剧下降，在这种情况下，我们可能不得不冻结招聘。空处引导非限制性定语从句，修饰前面的整个句子，表示“在这种情况下”，用“in which case”来引导该定语从句，其中which指代前面整个句子的内容。而“in that case”通常用于引导一个独立的句子，表示“在那种情况下”，不能用于引导定语从句。故填which。 15.(2025-2026学年度湖南长沙市岳麓区湖南师范大学附属中学下学期高三英语周测)_______ struck me most was such plain warmth. 【答案】What 【详解】考查主语从句。句意：最让我印象深刻的是如此朴素的温暖。此处引导主语从句，从句中缺少主语，指事物，用what，位于句首，首字母需大写。故填What。 16.(2025-2026学年河南信阳市浉河区信阳高级中学高三下学期03月测试(一)The idea _______ we can use light to record sound dates back to the 19th century. 【答案】that 【详解】考查同位语从句。句意：我们可以用光来记录声音的想法可以追溯到19世纪。此处引导同位语从句，解释说明idea的具体内容，从句不缺成分且句意完整，用连接词that。故填that。 17.(2025-2026学年河南信阳市浉河区信阳高级中学高三下学期03月测试(二)This is consistent _______ findings from other studies, which identify adult nature connectedness as the strongest predictor of _______ a child will become close to nature. 【答案】with; whether 【详解】考查介词和宾语从句。句意：这与其他研究的结果相一致，这些研究指出，成年人与自然的紧密联系程度是决定孩子是否会亲近自然的最重要因素。根据“is consistent”可知，此处是固定搭配be consistent with，意为“与……一致”，此空应是介词with。分析句子结构可知，介词of后接宾语从句，从句主系表结构完整，此处需表达“是否”的含义，应是whether。故①填with；②填whether。 18. (2026届湖北黄冈中学高三年级5月考前预测）It was precisely her gentle voice in ________ I had placed my deepest trust that planted this seed in my heart. 【答案】which 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：正是她那温柔的声音，我曾寄予最深的信任，在我心中种下了这颗种子。此处为“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句，先行词voice指物，介词后用关系代词which。 19. (2026届湖北黄冈中学高三年级5月考前预测）“A thing is beautiful because of its mistakes.” I have never encountered _______ a little kind act in any other teacher that it completely reshaped my understanding of love — for she accepted every flaw as a gift. 【答案】such 【详解】考查固定句型。句意：直译：我在其他任何老师身上都从未遇到过这样微小的善意举动，它彻底改变了我对爱的理解——因为她将每一份缺憾都视作一份馈赠。表示“如此……以至于……”，且修饰的核心词是名词act，需用固定句型such...that...，所以此处为such。 20. (2026届湖北省武昌实验中学高考适应性考试）The Daode Jing emphasizes the virtues of water, illustrating ________ its qualities shape and guide the principles of social life and personal conduct to a remarkable extent. 【答案】how 【详解】考查名词性从句。句意：《道德经》强调水的美德，说明水的品质如何在很大程度上塑造和指导社会生活和个人行为的原则。本空引导宾语从句，在从句中作状语，表示“如何”，用连接副词how。 二．语篇语法填空 Passage 1 (2026届湖南长沙市同升湖高级中学有限公司考前模拟英语试题) Is artificial intelligence the greatest human achievement or the biggest threat to our 1 (exist)? People in the Technology of Tomorrow Forum have different views. Millenniumbutterfly thinks that her daily life is more 2 (convenience) with the advance of artificial intelligence. For example, she has got her super-smart personal assistant 3 (build) into her phone. The assistant answers any question she puts to her 4 (immediate) and even uses her answers to learn more about her 5 (prefer). She hopes that more breakthroughs in AI will be made soon, so that people can enjoy more and more benefits. Popkid admits that more advanced AI could be helpful in 6 (solve) the world’s problems, 7 there is a high level of risk involved. Actually none of us 8 (prepare) for the challenges of AI. In Pink_haze’s opinion, if super-intelligent AI goes wrong or falls 9 the wrong hands, it could also be the most dangerous. We have no choice but 10 (embrace) it and regulate it. 【答案】1．existence 2．convenient 3．built 4．immediately 5．preferences 6．solving 7．but 8．is prepared 9．into 10．to embrace 【导语】文章围绕人工智能究竟是人类最伟大成就还是最大生存威胁这一争议展开，呈现了不同人对AI发展利弊、潜在风险及应对方式的不同看法。 【详解】1．考查名词。句意：人工智能是人类最伟大的成就，还是对我们生存的最大威胁？根据“to”可知，此空是名词existence作宾语，表示“生存”。 2．考查形容词。句意：Millenniumbutterfly认为随着人工智能发展，她的日常生活更加便利。根据“is”可知，此空是形容词convenient作表语，表示“便利的”。 3．考查非谓语动词。句意：比如她手机里内置了超智能私人助手。句中已有谓语has got，assistant与build是动宾关系，此空是过去分词built作后置定语，表示“被内置的”。 4．考查副词。句意：助手会立刻回答她提出的任何问题，甚至会根据她的回答进一步了解她的偏好。根据“answers”可知， 此空是副词immediately作状语，表示“立刻”。 5．考查名词。句意：同上。根据“about”及句意可知，此处泛指她的各种偏好，应是名词preferences作宾语，表示“喜好”。 6．考查非谓语动词。句意：Popkid承认更先进的AI有助于解决全球问题，但其中存在很高的风险。根据“in”可知，此空是动名词solving作宾语，表示“解决”。be helpful in doing sth意为“有助于做某事”。 7．考查连词。句意：同上。根据“helpful”以及“risk”可知，前后句是转折逻辑， 此空是but。 8．考查主谓一致。句意：实际上我们没人做好了应对AI各类挑战的准备。none of us作主语时，谓语动词可用单数或复数，结合语境“我们中没人为AI挑战做好准备”，侧重个体，用is prepared。 9．考查介词。句意：在Pink_haze看来，如果超级智能AI运行失常或是落入错误的人手中，它也可能成为最危险的事物。此处是固定搭配fall into the wrong hands，表示“落入不法之人手中”，此空是into。 10．考查非谓语动词。句意：我们别无选择，只能接纳它并对它加以监管。此处是固定结构have no choice but to do sth.，表示“别无选择只能做某事”，此空是to embrace。 Passage 2 (2026届江苏省苏州市高三5月考前学情自测英语试题) Qinhuangdao in North China’s Hebei province has launched a panda-themed base offering nature-based treatment for children with autism (自闭症) through close encounters with giant pandas. “The initiative, 11 (design) to ease anxiety and promote emotional connection, 12 (reflect) the city’s growing commitment to developing innovative medical 13 (approach) for autism”, local authorities said. 14 total of 133 children with autism, led by their parents and volunteers, attended the event ahead of the 19th World Autism Awareness Day, 15 will be observed on Thursday. Many children arrived 16 (rest) but gradually relaxed as they moved through the park’s animal zones. Song Liping, mother of 31-year-old Li Ruxian, has lived this journey for decades. Her son did not speak until age 4. “Raising a child with autism requires far more patience and energy 17 most people can imagine,” Song said. She has dedicated herself to her son’s rehabilitation (康复) since 2014, becoming a volunteer and launching music therapy programs. Today, her son has grown from someone in constant need of care 18 her teaching assistant. To make such experiences more 19 (access), the wildlife park announced a policy: for each visitor holding a severe disability certificate, one 20 (accompany) family member can enter for free. 【答案】11．designed 12．reflects 13．approaches 14．A 15．which 16．restless 17．than 18．into 19．accessible 20．accompanying 【导语】主要说明了河北秦皇岛开设熊猫主题基地，借助亲近大熊猫帮助自闭症儿童自然疗愈，百余名患儿参与活动，园区还出台残疾人士陪同家属免票政策。 【详解】11．考查非谓语动词。句意：当地有关部门表示：“这一举措旨在缓解焦虑情绪并促进情感交流，它体现了该市在为自闭症患者开发创新医疗方法方面的日益坚定决心。”此处design与initiative构成被动关系，故用过去分词作定语。 12．考查时态。句意：当地有关部门表示：“这一举措旨在缓解焦虑情绪并促进情感交流，它体现了该市在为自闭症患者开发创新医疗方法方面的日益坚定决心。”陈述事实用一般现在时，主语为initiative，谓语用三单形式。 13．考查名词的数。句意：当地有关部门表示：“这一举措旨在缓解焦虑情绪并促进情感交流，它体现了该市在为自闭症患者开发创新医疗方法方面的日益坚定决心。”此处数量大于一用复数形式作宾语。 14．考查冠词。句意：在第19个世界自闭症关注日（该节日将于本周四举行）之前，共有133名患有自闭症的儿童在家长和志愿者的陪同下参加了此次活动。短语a total of表示“总共”。首字母大写。 15．考查定语从句。句意：在第19个世界自闭症关注日（该节日将于本周四举行）之前，共有133名患有自闭症的儿童在家长和志愿者的陪同下参加了此次活动。非限制性定语从句修饰先行词World Autism Awareness Day，在从句作主语，指物，故用which引导。 16．考查形容词。句意：许多孩子一开始显得焦躁不安，但随着他们穿过公园里的动物区域，情绪逐渐平静下来。作状语，表示“不安”用形容词restless。 17．考查比较级。句意：宋说：“养育一个患有自闭症的孩子需要的耐心和精力远远超出了大多数人的想象。”短语more…than…表示“比……更……”。 18．考查介词。句意：如今，她的儿子已从一个一直需要照顾的人成长为她的助教了。短语grow from...into...表示“从……发展成为……”。 19．考查形容词。句意：为了让更多人能够体验到这样的活动，野生动物园宣布了一项政策：对于每一名持有重度残疾证明的游客，其一名陪同家属可以免费进入。作宾补，表示“可参与的、可使用的”用形容词accessible。 20．考查非谓语动词。句意：为了让更多人能够体验到这样的活动，野生动物园宣布了一项政策：对于每一名持有重度残疾证明的游客，其一名陪同家属可以免费进入。修饰member，表示“陪同家属”用现在分词accompanying作定语。 Passage 3 (2026年浙江杭州第二中学5月高三年级适应性检测（最后一卷） At dawn in Guangzhou’s tea houses, bamboo steamers rise and teacups are washed in skilled rhythm. Nothing can bring us more 21 (refresh) than a cup of yum cha, or morning tea. For Patrick Parsons, 22 Irishman, this time-honored Lingnan routine is not only a window to a different culture 23 he has immersed himself for more than two decades, but a deeply rooted part of everyday life. His tea habits 24 (undergo) a quiet transformation over the years. In Ireland, black tea is typically served with milk and sugar. But in Guangzhou’s tea houses, Parsons has come to prefer tea 25 its pure form. Whether Pu’er or his favored Jin Jun Mei, he drinks it unmixed. “I’ve learned to appreciate tea’s 26 (origin) flavor,” he said. In his view, the lively atmosphere of Guangzhou’s tea houses 27 (echo) the social function of Irish pubs. Parsons observed: “People come together to meet friends, to gather with family. It feels similar.” He is also fascinated by the finer details of the tradition, such as the custom of tapping fingers on the table 28 (express) thanks when tea is poured. Gradually, tea has reshaped his taste and broadened his understanding of local Cantonese culture. With tradition and times 29 (evolve) together, yum cha continues to adapt. Yet each morning, the routine remains: diners wash their cups, share a few steamers, 30 ease into the day — one sip of tea, two bites of dim sum. 【答案】21．refreshment 22．an 23．where 24．have undergone 25．in 26．original 27．echoes 28．to express 29．evolving 30．and 【导语】文章主要讲述了爱尔兰人帕特里克·帕森斯在广州的生活经历。 【详解】21．考查名词。句意：没有什么比一杯早茶（yum cha），也就是早茶，更能让我们感到提神醒脑的了。“bring sb. sth.”为固定搭配，此处应用名词作宾语，refresh的名词形式为refreshment，意为“提神之物”，不可数。 22．考查冠词。句意：对于爱尔兰人帕特里克·帕森斯来说，这种历史悠久的岭南传统不仅是一扇通向一种不同文化的窗口，二十多年来他一直沉浸其中，而且是他日常生活中根深蒂固的一部分。此处表示泛指“一个爱尔兰人”，且Irishman是发音以元音音素开头的单词，所以用不定冠词an。 23．考查定语从句。句意：对于爱尔兰人帕特里克·帕森斯来说，这种历史悠久的岭南传统不仅是一扇通向一种不同文化的窗口，二十多年来他一直沉浸其中，而且是他日常生活中根深蒂固的一部分。此处为非限制性定语从句，先行词是“a different culture”，在从句中作地点状语，所以用关系副词where引导。 24．考查动词时态。句意：多年来，他的饮茶习惯经历了悄然的转变。根据时间状语“over the years”可知，此处强调过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响，应用现在完成时，其结构为“have/has +过去分词”，主语“His tea habits”是复数，所以用have undergone。 25．考查介词。句意：但在广州的茶馆里，帕森斯开始喜欢纯粹的茶。“in...form”为固定搭配，意为“以……形式”，所以此处用介词in。 26．考查形容词。句意：“我已经学会欣赏茶的原味了，”他说。此处修饰名词“flavor”，应用形容词，origin的形容词形式为original，意为“原来的，最初的”。 27．考查动词时态和主谓一致。句意：在他看来，广州茶馆热闹的氛围与爱尔兰酒吧的社交功能相似。此处描述的是一般情况，应用一般现在时，主语“the lively atmosphere”是单数，所以谓语动词echo用第三人称单数形式echoes。 28．考查非谓语动词。句意：他还对这一传统的一些细节着迷，比如倒茶时用手指轻敲桌子以表示感谢的习俗。此处用动词不定式to express作目的状语，表示用手指轻敲桌子的目的是表达感谢。 29．考查非谓语动词。句意：随着传统与时代共同发展，早茶也在不断适应变化。此处为“with +宾语+宾语补足语”的结构，“tradition and times”与“evolve”之间是主动关系，所以用现在分词evolving作宾语补足语。 30．考查连词。句意：然而，每天早上，惯例依旧：食客们清洗茶杯，分享几笼点心，然后轻松地开始新的一天——一口茶，两口点心。“wash their cups”“share a few steamers”与“ease into the day”是并列关系，所以用连词and连接。 Passage 4 (2026届安徽省六安第一中学高三年级适应性考试英语试题) Wu Yize Claims Historic World Snooker Championship Title In a dramatic final showdown, 22-year-old Chinese snooker player Wu Yize defeated England’s Shaun Murphy 18-17 on May 4, 2026. With the victory in Sheffield, he claimed his first World Snooker Championship title and made sporting history. He became the first post-2000 player 31 (win) the title, as well as the second 32 (young) champion in the tournament’s history, following Stephen Hendry 33 claimed the title at 21 in 1990. The final remained tight until the very end. Both players were tied at 17-17 ahead of the deciding frame. 34 (face) with huge pressure, Wu stayed calm and made a crucial break of 85 points to secure the championship trophy. Wu Yize was born in Lanzhou, Gansu Province, in 2003. He became 35 (passion) about snooker at seven and showed natural talent. His family made great sacrifices to support his snooker dream. At 16, he moved to Sheffield, 36 birthplace of modern snooker, with his father, and received professional training there. He kept working hard and 37 (overcome) countless difficulties. Wu’s victory 38 (mark) a major milestone for Chinese snooker. In the past, Ding Junhui represented China alone on the global snooker stage. Today, young Chinese players are rising rapidly, moving Chinese snooker from individual breakthrough to group progress. Wu serves as a role model for young people with his 39 (persevere) and calmness. As a rising sports star, Wu has laid a solid foundation 40 his professional career. 【答案】31．to win 32．youngest 33．who/ that 34．Faced 35．passionate 36．the 37．overcame 38．marks 39．perseverance 40．for 【导语】文章介绍了2026年5月4日，22岁中国斯诺克选手吴宜泽在决赛巅峰对决中，以18比17绝杀英格兰选手肖恩・墨菲。这场决胜之战在谢菲尔德落幕，吴宜泽首度加冕斯诺克世锦赛冠军，书写体坛崭新历 史。【详解】31．考查非谓语动词。句意：他成为首位斩获该项赛事冠军的零零后选手，也是赛事历史上第二年轻的冠军得主，仅次于1990年21岁夺冠的斯蒂芬·亨德利。名词被序数词the first修饰时，要用不定式作后置定语，用to win。 32．考查形容词最高级。句意：他成为首位斩获该项赛事冠军的零零后选手，也是赛事历史上第二年轻的冠军得主，仅次于1990年21岁夺冠的斯蒂芬·亨德利。“the+序数词+形容词最高级”表示“第几最……的”，此处意为“第二年轻的冠军”，故用young的最高级youngest。 33．考查定语从句。句意：他成为首位斩获该项赛事冠军的零零后选手，也是赛事历史上第二年轻的冠军得主，仅次于1990年21岁夺冠的斯蒂芬·亨德利。空处引导定语从句，先行词Stephen Hendry指人，从句中缺少主语，用关系代词who或that引导从句。 34．考查非谓语动词。句意：重压之下，吴宜泽心态沉稳，打出关键单杆85分，锁定冠军奖杯。固定搭配be faced with意为“面对”，此处作状语省略be动词，句首首字母大写，用Faced。 35．考查形容词。句意：七岁时，他对斯诺克产生浓厚兴趣，并展现出与生俱来的天赋。系动词became后需接形容词作表语，passion的形容词形式为passionate，become passionate about是固定搭配，意为“对……充满热情”。 36．考查冠词。句意：16岁时，他前往现代斯诺克发源地谢菲尔德，在父亲陪同下于当地接受专业训练。此处特指“现代斯诺克的诞生地”，用定冠词the。 37．考查时态。句意：他坚持努力，克服了无数困难。and连接并列谓语，时态和前文一般过去式kept一致，用overcome的过去式overcame。 38．考查时态。句意：吴宜泽的夺冠是中国斯诺克发展的重要里程碑。mark是谓语动词，此处是对事件的客观评述，用一般现在时；主语Wu’s victory是单数，谓语用三单形式marks。 39．考查名词。句意：吴宜泽以其坚韧不拔和冷静沉着的精神成为年轻人的榜样。形容词性物主代词his后接名词，且and连接并列名词，用动词persevere的名词形式perseverance，意为“毅力”。 40．考查介词。句意：作为冉冉升起的体育新星，吴宜泽为自身职业道路筑牢了根基。lay a solid foundation for是固定搭配，意为“为……打下坚实基础”，故用介词for。 Passage 5 (2026届山东济南市三下学期高考前针对性训练英语试题) For more than 150 years, Chinese cuisine has been integrated into the fabric of American dining — often represented by dishes like fried rice, egg roll and General Tso’s chicken. Today, Zhao Yong’s Junzi Kitchen is reimagining how Americans experience Chinese food, 41 (offer) traditional home-style dishes through a modern fast-casual style. In 2015, Zhao opened the first Junzi Kitchen in New Haven, Connecticut. 42 began as a single storefront has since grown into a nine-location operation. “For many Americans, Chinese food means takeout,” Zhao said. “We want to show that there’s so much more for customers 43 (discover).” Junzi Kitchen highlights comforting, everyday Chinese dishes like scrambled eggs with tomatoes and beef shank soup. “These dishes may seem ordinary to Chinese people, but for diners 44 understanding of Chinese cuisine has been limited to ‘American Chinese food’, they feel fresh and excited,” Zhao explained. Junzi Kitchen has adapted its kitchen operations and service model to fit American dining habits 45 abandoning tradition. Customers build their meals by choosing 46 base of rice or noodles, adding sauces, selecting a protein like braised beef or pork meatballs, and finishing with vegetables. This combination of 47 (convenient) and cooking tradition has been popular with customers. A diner once 48 (write) online, “The beef shank is always perfectly cooked. I don’t usually write reviews, but I had to for Junzi.” By bringing this concept to the US, a country 49 (shape) by cultural diversity, Zhao hopes Junzi Kitchen can present a modern and 50 (include) vision of Chinese culture. 【答案】41．offering 42．What 43．to discover 44．whose 45．without 46．a 47．convenience 48．wrote 49．shaped 50．inclusive 【导语】文章主要讲述赵勇创办Junzi Kitchen，以现代快餐模式重塑美国人对中国美食的文化体验。 【详解】41．考查非谓语动词。句意：如今，赵勇的Junzi Kitchen正在重新构想美国人体验中餐的方式，通过现代休闲快餐风格提供传统家常菜。主句已有谓语动词is reimagining，空处需用非谓语动词；offer“提供”与其逻辑主语Junzi Kitchen之间是主动关系，用现在分词offering作伴随状语。 42．考查主语从句。句意：从一个单店面起步，如今已发展为拥有九家门店的连锁店。空处引导主语从句，从句缺主语，表示“……的事物”，故填连接代词what，句首单词首字母大写。 43．考查非谓语动词。句意：赵说：“我们想向顾客展示，还有更多值得他们去探索的东西。”根据固定句型“There is + sth. + for sb. + to do”可知，空处需用动词discover“发现”的不定式形式作后置定语。 44．考查定语从句。句意：赵解释道：“这些菜对中国人来说很普通，但对于那些对中国菜的理解仅限于‘美式中餐’的食客来说，它们既新鲜又令人兴奋。”空处引导定语从句，修饰先行词是diners，且在从句中作understanding的定语，表示“食客们的”，故用关系代词whose引导该从句。 45．考查介词。句意：Junzi Kitchen在不放弃传统的前提下，调整了其厨房运营和服务模式以适应美国的用餐习惯。根据“adapted its kitchen operations and service model to fit American dining habits”和“abandoning tradition”之间的转折关系可知，此处表示“在没有抛弃传统的情况下”，用介词without“没有”。 46．考查冠词。句意：顾客通过选择米饭或面条作为基底来搭配餐点，添加酱料，挑选如红烧牛肉或猪肉丸之类的蛋白质，最后加上蔬菜。base是可数名词，此处表示泛指“一种基底”，且为辅音音素开头，故填不定冠词a。 47．考查名词。句意：这种便利与烹饪传统的结合深受顾客欢迎。根据空前介词of可知，空处需用名词作宾语，convenient的名词形式是convenience“便利”。 48．考查时态。句意：一位食客曾在网上写道：“牛腱肉总是煮得恰到好处。我通常不写评论，但我必须为Junzi写一条。”根据时间状语once可知，此处描述过去发生的动作，用一般过去时，谓语动词write的过去式为wrote。 49．考查非谓语动词。句意：通过把这一概念带到美国这个被文化多样性塑造的国家，赵勇希望Junzi Kitchen能呈现出中国文化现代且包容的一面。country与shape“塑造”之间是被动关系，用过去分词shaped作后置定语。 50．考查形容词。句意同上。根据空前and连接的形容词modern可知，空处需用形容词作定语修饰名词vision，include的形容词形式是inclusive，表示“包容的”。 18 / 19 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $