专题02 语法填空之提示词为动词（非谓语动词）（知识清单）（全国通用）2027年高考英语一轮复习讲练测

该高中英语知识清单聚焦语法填空非谓语动词专题，系统梳理不定式、动名词、分词三大核心考点，涵盖形式变化、语法功能及用法规则，构建从基础形式到实际应用的完整知识体系。 清单通过知识脑图搭建脉络框架，考点分层突破采用表格对比（如不定式主动被动形式）、例句解析（如分词作状语的主动被动关系）等方式，结合优题精练（含2025-2026年高考真题改编及模拟题），突出重难点标注（如“一感二听三使五看”省略to规则），培养学生语言能力和思维品质，助力自主复习，为教师提供精准教学支持。

清单02 语法填空之提示词为动词(二) (非谓语动词) 目录导航 01知识脑图·核心脉络搭建——梳理专题框架，搭建知识体系 02考点深研·知能分层突破——深挖高频考点，分层突破重难点 考点一 不定式 知识点1 不定式的形式 知识点2 不定式的用法 考点二 动名词 知识点1 动名词的形式 知识点2 动名词的用法 考点三 分词 知识点1 分词的形式 知识点2 分词的用法 03优题精练·专题实战通关——精选优质试题，强化实战应用 知识脑图·核心脉络搭建 考点深研●知能分层突破 考点1 不定式 知识点1 不定式的形式 语态形式 时态形式 主动 被动 一般式 to do to be done 完成式 to have done to have been done 知识点2 不定式用法 语法功能 用法 例句 主语 可以直接放在句首，谓语动词常常用单数。更多放在谓语之后，用it作形式主语，常用于“It is/was＋adj.(＋for/of sb.)＋to do sth.”结构中。 It is important for us to meet personally although we have been in touch in various ways. 表语 主语往往是dream，goal，aim，purpose，plan 等表示意向、打算、计划的词。 My dream is to become a doctor after my graduation from university. 宾语 1.可在intend，plan，expect，pretend，would like/love/prefer，wish，decide，agree，help，manage，persuade，refuse，seem/appear，promise，attempt，choose，ask，learn，tell，fail，afford等后作宾语。 2. 在某些动词如find，think，consider，feel，make，believe等后，常用it作形式宾语，而把真正的宾语不定式后置。 3. 动词tell，show，understand，know，explain，teach，learn，advise等常接“疑问词＋动词不定式”作宾语。 1.My English teacher promised to lend some books to me. 2.He feels/thinks it important to learn English well，but finds it difficult to remember the words. 3.Please tell me when to start the project. 宾语补足语 1.有些动词或动词短语后接动词不定式作宾补，即“动词/动词短语＋宾语＋to do”。常见的这类动词或动词短语有：advise，allow，ask，beg，cause，encourage，permit，forbid，　force，intend，invite，order，persuade，prefer，require，teach，remind，tell，want，warn，wish，　wait for，call on，　depend on，urge 2. 下列动词(短语)接省略to的动词不定式作宾语补足语：“一感”(feel)，“二听”(hear，listen to)，“三使”(let，have，make)，“五看”(see，notice，observe，watch，look at)，“半帮助”(help)，但在变为被动语态时需加to。 3.一些固定结构 get sb. to do sth. 让某人做某事 leave sb. to do sth. 让某人去做某事 leave sth. to be done 留下某事被做 with＋名词/代词＋不定式，不定式表示动作尚未发生 1.I am writing to invite you to come to my birthday party.我写信邀请您来参加我的生日晚会。 2.I often hear the girl sing the song which is popular recently.＝The girl is often heard to sing the song which is popular recently. 我经常听到这个小女孩唱这首最近很流行的歌。 With a lot of homework to do，I can’t go skating with you. 因为有很多作业要做，我不能和你一起去滑冰。 状语 1.作目的状语时，常位于句首或句中，形式上可用in order to do，so as to do，to do等，但so as to do不能置于句首。 2. 作结果状语时，常用于too...to do，enough to，so/such...as to结构中。only/just to do常表示出乎意料的结果。 3. 在be happy/glad/sorry/sad/surprised to do sth.结构中作原因状语。 1.I got up early so as to/in order to/to catch the early bus in the morning. 2. Every time I prepare for an important examination，I will be too anxious to fall asleep. 3. I am extremely glad to know that you are coming to China for a visit during the summer holiday. 定语 1.当名词或代词被序数词、形容词最高级、the last、 the only等修饰,且非谓语动词与其逻辑主语为主谓关系时,常用动词不定式作定语。 2.修饰某些名词，如chance，opportunity，way，ability，plan 等。 3.用在固定句型sb.have sth.to do和 there be sth.to do中。 1.John is always the first one to come up with a good idea. 2. I feel greatly honored to have the chance to deliver a speech here. 3. Students complain that they have endless homework to do every day. ( 1. 在 “ It is/was ＋ adj . ＋ for/of sb to do sth ” 结构中，若形容词侧重于评价人物的特性、特征，则构成不定式复合结构的介词应用 of ，此时形容词常为 kind ， nice ， foolish 等词，且 sb 与形容词之间可构成逻辑上的系表关系；若形容词侧重于描写不定式动作的特征、特点，则构成不定式复合结构的介词应用 for 。 2. 下列动词 ( 短语 ) 接省略 to 的动词不定式作宾语补足语： “ 一感 ”(feel) ， “ 二听 ”(hear ， listen to) ， “ 三使 ”(let ， have ， make) ， “ 五看 ”(see ， notice ， observe ， watch ， look at) ， “ 半帮助 ”(help) ，但在变为被动语态时需加 to 。 2. 名词 / 代词 ＋ 不定式 。 不定式表示将来的动作 ， 有语态的变化 。如： The two boys said goodbye to each other ， one to go home ， the other to go to his friend ’ s. 两个男孩彼此道了别 ， 一个回家 ， 另一个去朋友家 。 3. 不定式短语作状语 ， 尽管它们的逻辑主语与句子的主语不一致 ， 但也不作为语法错误来处理 。 常见的这类不定式短语有 to be frank ， to be sure ， to tell ( you ) the truth ， to be honest ， to make matters worse 等 。 ) 考点2 动名词 知识点1 动名词的形式 语态形式 时态形式 主动 被动 一般式 doing being done 完成式 having done having been done 知识点2 动名词用法 语法功能 用法 例句 主语 表示一般的、抽象的、泛指的概念，一般都放在谓语动词前，有时用it作形式主语。常见句型有：It is/was no use/good+ doing sth.; It is/was not any use/good+ doing sth.; It is/was of little use/good+ doing sth.; It is/was useless doing sth.; It’s a waste of time doing sth.; It is no use complaining without taking action. 不采取行动而只是抱怨是没有用的。 It is no good coming before that. 在那之前来没有用。 宾语 只能跟动词-ing形式作宾语的动词和短语: suggest, imagine, mind, admit, practice, risk, keep, keep on, avoid, escape, enjoy, consider, excuse, finish, miss, insist on, look forward to, feel like, get down to, object to等。 He tried to avoid answering my questions. 他试图对我的问题避而不答。 表语 动名词作表语多指抽象的、概念性的动作，句子主语常是表示无生命的名词或what引导的名词性从句。 Our job is playing all kinds of music. 我们的工作是演奏各种各样的音乐。 定语 常用来说明被修饰词的用途或目的。 a walking stick拐杖a reading room阅览室 2．在need，want，require等后表示被动意义，不定式要用被动语态，动名词不需要。 My bike needs to be repaired.＝My bike needs repairing. 我的自行车需要修理。 ( 下列动词或短语既可以接动名词作宾语 ， 也可以接动词不定式作宾语 ， 但意义上有区别 ： ① mean to do sth. 打算做某事； mean doing sth. 意味着做某事； ② forget to do sth. 忘记要去做某事（未做） forget doing sth. 忘记做过某事（已做过）③ regret to do sth. 对要做的事情感到遗憾（未做） regret doing sth. 对做过的事情后悔（已做）④ try to do sth. 努力去做某事； try doing sth. 尝试做某事⑤ go on to do sth. 继续做另一件事； go on doing sth. 继续做原来做的事情 2 ． 在 need ， want ， require 等后表示被动意义 ， 不定式要用被动语态 ， 动名词不需要 。 ) 考点3 分词 知识点1 形式 形式 语态形式 时态形式 主动 被动 现在分词 一般式 doing being done 完成式 having done having been done 过去分词 一般式 done done 知识点2 用法 定语 当动词与被修饰的名词之间为主谓关系或用来表示被修饰的名词的用途时, 用动词-ing形式。当被修饰的名词与修饰词之间为被动关系且表示正在进行时, 用动词-ing形式的被动语态作定语, 表示该动作的被动和进行。当被修饰的名词与分词之间为被动关系且表完成或状态时，用过去分词。 The park was full of people enjoying themselves in the sunshine.(主动) We must keep a secret of the things being discussed here.(被动、正在进行) 状语 现在分词表示的动作与句子主语之间是主动关系，且含有进行的意义；过去分词表示的动作与句子主语之间是被动关系，且含有完成的意义。 (1)作时间状语相当于when，while，before，since，as引导的时间状语从句。 (2)作原因状语相当于because，since，as引导的原因状语从句。 (3)作条件状语相当于if，unless等引导的条件状语从句。 (4)作结果状语常用现在分词表示自然而然的结果，分词前可接thus。 (5)作方式或伴随状语表示一个同时发生的次要的(或者伴随的)动作，常用逗号与句子主体部分隔开，相当于并列句。 (6)作让步状语相当于though，although，even if等引导的让步状语从句。 1.Translated into English，the sentence was found to have an entirely different word order.＝When the sentence was translated into English，it was found to have an entirely different word order.（时间状语从句） 2. Given another hour，I can also work out this problem.＝If I’m given another hour，I can also work out the problem.（条件状语从句） Warned of the danger，he still went skating on the thin ice.＝Though he was warned of the danger，he still went skating on the thin ice.（让步状语从句） 宾语补足语 现在分词作宾语补足语时，宾语与宾语补足语之间在逻辑上是主谓关系，结构为vt.＋sb./sth.＋doing...。过去分词作宾语补足语时，宾语与宾语补足语之间在逻辑上是动宾关系，构成vt.＋sb./sth.＋done结构。可以用于此结构的动词(短语)有：“一感一抓一发现，二听四让和五看”(feel，catch，find，listen to/hear，have/keep/get/leave，see/watch/look at/observe/notice) 2.一些固定结构 “with＋宾语＋doing/ done” 独立主格结构 He had the light burning all night，which made his parents very angry. 他让灯着了整晚，这使他父母很生气。 He tried to make himself understood. 他尽量把自己的意思表达清楚。 He lay on the grass with his eyes looking at the sky. 他躺在草地上，眼睛望着天空。 Weather permitting(＝If weather permits)，they will go on an outing to the beach tomorrow. 如果天气允许的话，他们明天将去海滩郊游。 表语 如果是和情绪相关的动词-ing形式则形容词意义较强，表示“令人……的”，往往物作主语。如：amazing，boring，confusing，disappointing，exciting，frightening 等等。如果是和情绪相关的动词的过去分词形式，则形容词意义较强，表示“感到……的”，往往人作主语。如：amazed，bored，confused，disappointed，excited，frightened 等等。 My hobby is reading books.我的兴趣爱好是读书。 What made me happy was being admitted to Peking University.让我高兴的是(我)被北京大学录取了。 The news is surprising.这则消息令人吃惊。 ( 1. 作定语的不及物动词的分词形式有 ： 现在分词和过去分词 。 现在分词表示动作正在进行 ； 过去分词只表示一个动作已完成 ， 不表被动 。 falling leaves 正在下落的叶子 ( 表正在进行 ) fallen leaves 落叶 ( 表完成 ) 2. 某些动词的过去分词已经形容词化，且往往用于一些系表结构，此时这些过去分词既不表示被动，也不表示完成，而表示一种状态，如： lost( 迷路的 ) 、 seated( 坐着的 ) 、 hidden( 隐瞒的 ) 、 lost/absorbed( 沉迷于 …… 的 ) 、 dressed( 穿着 …… 的 ) 、 tired( 对 …… 感到厌倦的 ) 、 excited( 兴奋的 ) 等。 3 ． 独立成分作状语 有些分词或不定式短语作状语 ， 其形式的选择不受上下文的影响 ， 称作独立成分 。 常见的有 ： 独立成分 含义 generally speaking 一般来说 frankly/honestly speaking 坦白地 / 老实说 judging from/by... 根据 …… 来判断 considering.../taking...into consideration/account 考虑到 …… to tell you the truth 说实话 seeing... 考虑到 …… given... 考虑到 …… compared to/with... 与 …… 相比 ) 优题精练●专题实战通关 一．单句语法填空 1.(2026天津高考第二次改编)Engineers in the UK are going to build a new satellite ________（design） to track solar storms. 2.(2025新高考I 卷)We hope ________(present)the rather abstract Go game and AI in a visual context, and initiate dialogues with minimalist art, conceptual art and expressionism. 3.(2025浙江1月卷)Tanya’s shop offers fashion clothes for women ________(rent) rather than purchase them outright, providing a less expensive solutions to one-time event dressing. 4.(2025浙江1月卷)I really want to make this work for people’s lives today, and I know that doesn’t always mean ________(return) a dress on the Monday after a special weekend 5.(2025天津高考第二次改编)With robots ________(perform) various industrial tasks, factories have increased production efficiency. 6.(2025天津高考第一次改编)The school has decided to build an AI lab and the teachers would like to see the construction project ________ （carry）out in the next school year. 7.(2025北京高考)I sometimes call him back, worried that he might have someone ________(scare). 8.(2025北京高考)When ________(travel), we engage with cultures and experiences. 9. (2024·全国新高考Ⅰ卷)These sepals open on warm days to give the inside plants sunshine and fresh air.In cold weather, the structure stays ________(close) to protect the plants.  10.(2026届山东济南市高三4月阶段性检测)________(take) a spring outing during Qingming is a time-honored custom. 11.(2026届山东济南市高三4月阶段性检测)In the past, the people of China believed that after sheltering indoors during winter, both body and heart need ________(refresh) by the embrace of spring, and a walk close to nature would be beneficial for their health. 12.(2026届安徽芜湖市无为中学等校下学期高三3月考试)What impresses the scholars most is Zou’s four-piece set, with one ________(collect) by the British Museum. 13.(2026届福建恒一教育集团高三毕业班四月质量检测)The festival is not merely an endpoint but rather a starting point for sustained development, the target of which is ________(continue) building and strengthening the cultural brand, 14.(2026届湖南长沙市岳麓区湖南师范大学附属中学月考)________(launch) in 2020 as a follow-up to 2000-2003 survey, this survey covered over 12 sq km. 15.(2026届河南鹤壁市高中英语学科月考)________(trap) in the freezing water, Kiana knew the only effective plan was to get to shore herself and find help. 16.(2026届湖南长沙市岳麓区湖南师范大学附属中学月考)The rhythmic calls of free-range chickens provided background music for our shoot, ________(occasion) interrupted by the distant laughter of villagers ________(pass) along the paths. 17.(2026届湖南长沙市岳麓区湖南师范大学附属中学月考)Research indicates that government initiatives ________(reshape) early education and urban design must be consistently applied over the next 25 years. Once ________(establish), this connection can become self-sustaining. 18.(2026届湖南长沙市岳麓区湖南师范大学附属中学月考)Richardson said that when he tested policy and urban environmental changes in the model, he was surprised at the scale of the changes ________(require) to restore the connection to nature. 19.(2026届河南鹤壁市高中上学期规范化考试)The research group produced two reports ________(base) on the survey. 20.(2026届湖南长沙市岳麓区湖南师范大学附属中学月考)Courses vary in difficulty and ground conditions, ________(allow) runners to choose between flatter routes and ________(demanding) ones. With multiple distance options available, participants can choose ________(base) on their experience levels and personal goals. 二．语篇语法填空 Passage 1 (2026届河北邯郸市高三第二次模拟检测）I arrived in China from Australia as a student with a love for travel, culture and adventure. My adventure ____1____ (begin) in the winter of 2014 at Peking University for my one-year Chinese language learning program. I had never imagined it would turn into a period when I would complete a master’s degree, begin my ____2____ (profession) life, get married and have two kids. In the busy city of Beijing, each day brought something new. I quickly became ____3___ (attract) to the hard-working nature of the local students and I soon befriended my classmates from different countries. Things were always happening, new shops were opening and people were ____4____ the go everywhere. High-speed railways and tall buildings sat alongside traditional ones. In short, the place was exciting. Beyond the ____5____ (excite) of it all, I was bathed in another culture completely different from my own. When first dating my now-husband, we arranged ____6___ (play) soccer. I arrived and asked, “Where’s the ball?” He explained we would just join ____7____ (stranger) already playing. This was foreign to me, as we wouldn’t do that in Australia. Yet, despite being an introvert (内向的), ____8____ idea was appealing to me and many of my most cherished China memories are related to the collective and community atmosphere there. Other fond memories involve Chinese traditions, like having a yuesao for my post-birth “sitting the month”. This care for mom and baby, with rest and specific foods, contrasts with the experience in the West, ____9____ new moms often feel pressure to bounce back quickly and handle most things themselves. From my husband’s family to strangers on the streets, Chinese people are very friendly, ____10____ (inspire) me with their spirit and pride in what they do every day. Passage 2 (2026届河南开封市高三年级第二次质量检测）Horses have been an absolutely necessary part of Chinese civilization for thousands of years. The domestication of horses in China ____1____ (date) back over 5,000 years, enabling it one of the earliest cultures to cultivate and utilize these majestic animals. Initially, horses served practical purposes, such as transportation and agricultural work, but their significance quickly evolved to encompass military, cultural, and symbolic dimensions. During the Zhou Dynasty (1046 — 256 BC), the Chinese classified horses ____2____ several categories, including military, ceremonial, and post horses. This period marked the establishment of a formal horse administration ____3____ ensured the effective management of horse populations for various needs, particularly in warfare. The importance of horses continued to grow through the Han Dynasty (206 BC — AD 220), where an estimated 300,000 horses ____4____ (use) in military campaigns. In Chinese culture, the horse is a powerful symbol of energy, speed, and success. The character for horse resembles a standing horse, ____5____ (reflect) its significance in daily life and communication. Horses are associated with various virtues, including perseverance, loyalty, and nobility. ____6____ (link) to the element of fire in Chinese astrology, they become ____7____ iconic symbol of Chinese values and aspirations. The colors of horses also carry specific meanings. For instance, a black horse signifies power and mystery, ___8___ a white horse represents purity and auspiciousness. This nuanced understanding of horse symbolism illustrates the rich tapestry of ____9____ (belief) that surround these animals in Chinese culture. The horse’s role in Chinese culture is a profound blend of history, symbolism, and artistic representation, _____10_____ (noble) reflected in countless works of art and literature throughout the ages. Passage 3 (2026年广东普通高等学校招生全国统一考试模拟测试）Located in the historic Dashilan area of Beijing’s Qianmen district, the Daguanlou Cinema is one of the earliest cinemas in China and is celebrated ____1____ the birthplace of Chinese film, representing the lasting legacy (遗产) of cinematic art and modern ____2____ (innovate). In 1905, Ren Qingtai, owner of Fengtai Photo Studio, invited Peking Opera master Tan Xinpei to star in an opera movie ____3____ (name) Dingjun Mountain. Classic scenes like “Requesting Orders,” “Swordplay,” and “Battle” ____4____ (film) as silent movie parts. These were first shown at the then-called Daguanlou Theater on December 28, 1905, ____5___ (mark) the beginning of Chinese cinema’s journey. Today, the Daguanlou Theater has evolved (演变) into the Daguanlou Cinema, ____6___ ground floor hosts a living museum, displaying stills from Dingjun Mountain, classic posters, and historical film projectors. Walking through, visitors can ____7____ (direct) experience the century-old story of Chinese cinema. In recent years, beyond developing film-related products, it ____8____ (establish) strong ties with the Dashilan area, emerging as a dynamic model for cultural tourism that attracts many domestic and overseas tourists with its ____9____ (character) mix of movie screenings, shopping, and tea appreciation. The cinema’s fusion (融合) of the old and the new offers ____10____ unique experience, attracting young audiences seeking a connection with the past while enjoying modern comfort. Passage 4 (2025-2026学年湖南湘潭市第一中学高三下学期3月训练）Ten caves have been restored as part of the restoration work of the Aerzhai Grottoes (石窟). ____1____ (release) on Oct. 8, information showed the fixed area ____2____ (reported) covers 250.63 square meters. Aerzhai Grottoes is located in Otog Banner of Ordos city, in North China’s Inner Mongolia ____3____ (autonomy) region. It is the only grottoes site in China’s grassland area and a treasure trove of Buddhist art ____4____ (integrate) architecture, cliff carvings, murals (壁画) and sculptures. Having a reputation as the “Grassland Dunhuang”, Aerzhai Grottoes ____5____ (compose) of 65 caves and 22 relief stone towers, of ____6____ 41 caves are well preserved. The painted murals in the caves show scenes of yurts, riding and shooting, hunting and funeral customs. “This restoration project is mainly for mural repairs for such problems as surface ____7____ (pollute) and paints cracking and curling,” said the director of Aerzhai Grottoes Research Institute. ____8___ (preserve) the original materials of the Aerzhai Grottoes, experts also used digital photography and other methods to collect and store electronic data on the site. Due to the area’s harsh natural conditions, the murals are ____9___ danger of disappearing; the restoration work’s goal is to delay this ____10____ hopefully achieve long-term preservation, and remarkable progress has been seen. Passage 5 Located on a cliff face in Shanxi Province, the Hanging Temple is one of China's most amazing ____1____ (architecture) wonders. For over 1,500 years, this wooden structure stood firmly on the rock wall, more than 50 meters above the ground. The temple was built during the Northern Wei Dynasty by a monk ____2____ (name) Liao Ran. He chose this difficult location to escape the noise of the world ____3____ find peace. What makes the temple truly special is ___4___ it stays up — wooden beams put into holes in the cliff serve as its base, making the whole building look like floating in the air. The Hanging Temple is also famous for its religious mix. ____5____ most ancient Chinese sites that follow one tradition, this temple brings together Buddhism, Taoism, and Confucianism. Walking through its narrow halls, people can see statues of Sakyamuni, Laozi, and Confucius standing side by side — ____6___ rare symbol of religious harmony in old China. The temple once had over 40 halls, but today only about a third remain. Despite its fragile appearance, the building ____7____ (survive) many earthquakes over the centuries. In recent years, the Hanging Temple has become a popular tourist site, ____8____ (draw) people from around the world. And ____9____ (protect) this treasure, officials now limit the number of daily ____10____ (visit). Those who make the trip are rewarded with amazing views and a deep respect for the skill of ancient Chinese builders. 11 / 11 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 清单02 语法填空之提示词为动词(二) (非谓语动词) 目录导航 01知识脑图·核心脉络搭建——梳理专题框架，搭建知识体系 02考点深研·知能分层突破——深挖高频考点，分层突破重难点 考点一 不定式 知识点1 不定式的形式 知识点2 不定式的用法 考点二 动名词 知识点1 动名词的形式 知识点2 动名词的用法 考点三 分词 知识点1 分词的形式 知识点2 分词的用法 03优题精练·专题实战通关——精选优质试题，强化实战应用 知识脑图·核心脉络搭建 考点深研●知能分层突破 考点1 不定式 知识点1 不定式的形式 语态形式 时态形式 主动 被动 一般式 to do to be done 完成式 to have done to have been done 知识点2 不定式用法 语法功能 用法 例句 主语 可以直接放在句首，谓语动词常常用单数。更多放在谓语之后，用it作形式主语，常用于“It is/was＋adj.(＋for/of sb.)＋to do sth.”结构中。 It is important for us to meet personally although we have been in touch in various ways. 表语 主语往往是dream，goal，aim，purpose，plan 等表示意向、打算、计划的词。 My dream is to become a doctor after my graduation from university. 宾语 1.可在intend，plan，expect，pretend，would like/love/prefer，wish，decide，agree，help，manage，persuade，refuse，seem/appear，promise，attempt，choose，ask，learn，tell，fail，afford等后作宾语。 2. 在某些动词如find，think，consider，feel，make，believe等后，常用it作形式宾语，而把真正的宾语不定式后置。 3. 动词tell，show，understand，know，explain，teach，learn，advise等常接“疑问词＋动词不定式”作宾语。 1.My English teacher promised to lend some books to me. 2.He feels/thinks it important to learn English well，but finds it difficult to remember the words. 3.Please tell me when to start the project. 宾语补足语 1.有些动词或动词短语后接动词不定式作宾补，即“动词/动词短语＋宾语＋to do”。常见的这类动词或动词短语有：advise，allow，ask，beg，cause，encourage，permit，forbid，　force，intend，invite，order，persuade，prefer，require，teach，remind，tell，want，warn，wish，　wait for，call on，　depend on，urge 2. 下列动词(短语)接省略to的动词不定式作宾语补足语：“一感”(feel)，“二听”(hear，listen to)，“三使”(let，have，make)，“五看”(see，notice，observe，watch，look at)，“半帮助”(help)，但在变为被动语态时需加to。 3.一些固定结构 get sb. to do sth. 让某人做某事 leave sb. to do sth. 让某人去做某事 leave sth. to be done 留下某事被做 with＋名词/代词＋不定式，不定式表示动作尚未发生 1.I am writing to invite you to come to my birthday party.我写信邀请您来参加我的生日晚会。 2.I often hear the girl sing the song which is popular recently.＝The girl is often heard to sing the song which is popular recently. 我经常听到这个小女孩唱这首最近很流行的歌。 With a lot of homework to do，I can’t go skating with you. 因为有很多作业要做，我不能和你一起去滑冰。 状语 1.作目的状语时，常位于句首或句中，形式上可用in order to do，so as to do，to do等，但so as to do不能置于句首。 2. 作结果状语时，常用于too...to do，enough to，so/such...as to结构中。only/just to do常表示出乎意料的结果。 3. 在be happy/glad/sorry/sad/surprised to do sth.结构中作原因状语。 1.I got up early so as to/in order to/to catch the early bus in the morning. 2. Every time I prepare for an important examination，I will be too anxious to fall asleep. 3. I am extremely glad to know that you are coming to China for a visit during the summer holiday. 定语 1.当名词或代词被序数词、形容词最高级、the last、 the only等修饰,且非谓语动词与其逻辑主语为主谓关系时,常用动词不定式作定语。 2.修饰某些名词，如chance，opportunity，way，ability，plan 等。 3.用在固定句型sb.have sth.to do和 there be sth.to do中。 1.John is always the first one to come up with a good idea. 2. I feel greatly honored to have the chance to deliver a speech here. 3. Students complain that they have endless homework to do every day. ( 1. 在 “ It is/was ＋ adj . ＋ for/of sb to do sth ” 结构中，若形容词侧重于评价人物的特性、特征，则构成不定式复合结构的介词应用 of ，此时形容词常为 kind ， nice ， foolish 等词，且 sb 与形容词之间可构成逻辑上的系表关系；若形容词侧重于描写不定式动作的特征、特点，则构成不定式复合结构的介词应用 for 。 2. 下列动词 ( 短语 ) 接省略 to 的动词不定式作宾语补足语： “ 一感 ”(feel) ， “ 二听 ”(hear ， listen to) ， “ 三使 ”(let ， have ， make) ， “ 五看 ”(see ， notice ， observe ， watch ， look at) ， “ 半帮助 ”(help) ，但在变为被动语态时需加 to 。 2. 名词 / 代词 ＋ 不定式 。 不定式表示将来的动作 ， 有语态的变化 。如： The two boys said goodbye to each other ， one to go home ， the other to go to his friend ’ s. 两个男孩彼此道了别 ， 一个回家 ， 另一个去朋友家 。 3. 不定式短语作状语 ， 尽管它们的逻辑主语与句子的主语不一致 ， 但也不作为语法错误来处理 。 常见的这类不定式短语有 to be frank ， to be sure ， to tell ( you ) the truth ， to be honest ， to make matters worse 等 。 ) 考点2 动名词 知识点1 动名词的形式 语态形式 时态形式 主动 被动 一般式 doing being done 完成式 having done having been done 知识点2 动名词用法 语法功能 用法 例句 主语 表示一般的、抽象的、泛指的概念，一般都放在谓语动词前，有时用it作形式主语。常见句型有：It is/was no use/good+ doing sth.; It is/was not any use/good+ doing sth.; It is/was of little use/good+ doing sth.; It is/was useless doing sth.; It’s a waste of time doing sth.; It is no use complaining without taking action. 不采取行动而只是抱怨是没有用的。 It is no good coming before that. 在那之前来没有用。 宾语 只能跟动词-ing形式作宾语的动词和短语: suggest, imagine, mind, admit, practice, risk, keep, keep on, avoid, escape, enjoy, consider, excuse, finish, miss, insist on, look forward to, feel like, get down to, object to等。 He tried to avoid answering my questions. 他试图对我的问题避而不答。 表语 动名词作表语多指抽象的、概念性的动作，句子主语常是表示无生命的名词或what引导的名词性从句。 Our job is playing all kinds of music. 我们的工作是演奏各种各样的音乐。 定语 常用来说明被修饰词的用途或目的。 a walking stick拐杖a reading room阅览室 2．在need，want，require等后表示被动意义，不定式要用被动语态，动名词不需要。 My bike needs to be repaired.＝My bike needs repairing. 我的自行车需要修理。 ( 下列动词或短语既可以接动名词作宾语 ， 也可以接动词不定式作宾语 ， 但意义上有区别 ： ① mean to do sth. 打算做某事； mean doing sth. 意味着做某事； ② forget to do sth. 忘记要去做某事（未做） forget doing sth. 忘记做过某事（已做过）③ regret to do sth. 对要做的事情感到遗憾（未做） regret doing sth. 对做过的事情后悔（已做）④ try to do sth. 努力去做某事； try doing sth. 尝试做某事⑤ go on to do sth. 继续做另一件事； go on doing sth. 继续做原来做的事情 2 ． 在 need ， want ， require 等后表示被动意义 ， 不定式要用被动语态 ， 动名词不需要 。 ) 考点3 分词 知识点1 形式 形式 语态形式 时态形式 主动 被动 现在分词 一般式 doing being done 完成式 having done having been done 过去分词 一般式 done done 知识点2 用法 定语 当动词与被修饰的名词之间为主谓关系或用来表示被修饰的名词的用途时, 用动词-ing形式。当被修饰的名词与修饰词之间为被动关系且表示正在进行时, 用动词-ing形式的被动语态作定语, 表示该动作的被动和进行。当被修饰的名词与分词之间为被动关系且表完成或状态时，用过去分词。 The park was full of people enjoying themselves in the sunshine.(主动) We must keep a secret of the things being discussed here.(被动、正在进行) 状语 现在分词表示的动作与句子主语之间是主动关系，且含有进行的意义；过去分词表示的动作与句子主语之间是被动关系，且含有完成的意义。 (1)作时间状语相当于when，while，before，since，as引导的时间状语从句。 (2)作原因状语相当于because，since，as引导的原因状语从句。 (3)作条件状语相当于if，unless等引导的条件状语从句。 (4)作结果状语常用现在分词表示自然而然的结果，分词前可接thus。 (5)作方式或伴随状语表示一个同时发生的次要的(或者伴随的)动作，常用逗号与句子主体部分隔开，相当于并列句。 (6)作让步状语相当于though，although，even if等引导的让步状语从句。 1.Translated into English，the sentence was found to have an entirely different word order.＝When the sentence was translated into English，it was found to have an entirely different word order.（时间状语从句） 2. Given another hour，I can also work out this problem.＝If I’m given another hour，I can also work out the problem.（条件状语从句） Warned of the danger，he still went skating on the thin ice.＝Though he was warned of the danger，he still went skating on the thin ice.（让步状语从句） 宾语补足语 现在分词作宾语补足语时，宾语与宾语补足语之间在逻辑上是主谓关系，结构为vt.＋sb./sth.＋doing...。过去分词作宾语补足语时，宾语与宾语补足语之间在逻辑上是动宾关系，构成vt.＋sb./sth.＋done结构。可以用于此结构的动词(短语)有：“一感一抓一发现，二听四让和五看”(feel，catch，find，listen to/hear，have/keep/get/leave，see/watch/look at/observe/notice) 2.一些固定结构 “with＋宾语＋doing/ done” 独立主格结构 He had the light burning all night，which made his parents very angry. 他让灯着了整晚，这使他父母很生气。 He tried to make himself understood. 他尽量把自己的意思表达清楚。 He lay on the grass with his eyes looking at the sky. 他躺在草地上，眼睛望着天空。 Weather permitting(＝If weather permits)，they will go on an outing to the beach tomorrow. 如果天气允许的话，他们明天将去海滩郊游。 表语 如果是和情绪相关的动词-ing形式则形容词意义较强，表示“令人……的”，往往物作主语。如：amazing，boring，confusing，disappointing，exciting，frightening 等等。如果是和情绪相关的动词的过去分词形式，则形容词意义较强，表示“感到……的”，往往人作主语。如：amazed，bored，confused，disappointed，excited，frightened 等等。 My hobby is reading books.我的兴趣爱好是读书。 What made me happy was being admitted to Peking University.让我高兴的是(我)被北京大学录取了。 The news is surprising.这则消息令人吃惊。 ( 1. 作定语的不及物动词的分词形式有 ： 现在分词和过去分词 。 现在分词表示动作正在进行 ； 过去分词只表示一个动作已完成 ， 不表被动 。 falling leaves 正在下落的叶子 ( 表正在进行 ) fallen leaves 落叶 ( 表完成 ) 2. 某些动词的过去分词已经形容词化，且往往用于一些系表结构，此时这些过去分词既不表示被动，也不表示完成，而表示一种状态，如： lost( 迷路的 ) 、 seated( 坐着的 ) 、 hidden( 隐瞒的 ) 、 lost/absorbed( 沉迷于 …… 的 ) 、 dressed( 穿着 …… 的 ) 、 tired( 对 …… 感到厌倦的 ) 、 excited( 兴奋的 ) 等。 3 ． 独立成分作状语 有些分词或不定式短语作状语 ， 其形式的选择不受上下文的影响 ， 称作独立成分 。 常见的有 ： 独立成分 含义 generally speaking 一般来说 frankly/honestly speaking 坦白地 / 老实说 judging from/by... 根据 …… 来判断 considering.../taking...into consideration/account 考虑到 …… to tell you the truth 说实话 seeing... 考虑到 …… given... 考虑到 …… compared to/with... 与 …… 相比 ) 优题精练●专题实战通关 一．单句语法填空 1.(2026天津高考第二次改编)Engineers in the UK are going to build a new satellite ________（design） to track solar storms. 【答案】designed 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：英国的工程师们将建造一颗新的卫星，该卫星旨在监测太阳风暴。此处design与satellite构成被动关系，故用过去分词作定语。故填designed。 2.(2025新高考I 卷)We hope ________(present)the rather abstract Go game and AI in a visual context, and initiate dialogues with minimalist art, conceptual art and expressionism. 【答案】to present 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：我们希望在一个视觉语境中呈现相当抽象的围棋游戏和人工智能，并与极简主义艺术、观念艺术和表现主义展开对话。本句谓语为hope，此处为非谓语动词，hope to do sth.“希望做某事”，所以此处需用动词present“呈现”的不定式，作宾语。故填to present。 3.(2025浙江1月卷)Tanya’s shop offers fashion clothes for women ________(rent) rather than purchase them outright, providing a less expensive solutions to one-time event dressing. 【答案】to rent 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句中动词 offers 后接不定式，表示“提供……供租用”，故填to rent。 4.(2025浙江1月卷)I really want to make this work for people’s lives today, and I know that doesn’t always mean ________(return) a dress on the Monday after a special weekend 【答案】returning 【解析】 考查非谓语动词。根据句意“这并不总是意味着周一归还衣服”可知，应使用固定搭配mean doing sth.，表示“意味着做某事”，return在此用动名词形式，作动词mean的宾语，故填returning。 5.(2025天津高考第二次改编)With robots ________(perform) various industrial tasks, factories have increased production efficiency. 【答案】performing 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：随着机器人执行各种工业任务，工厂提高了生产效率。perform(执行)在with复合结构中作宾语补足语，用非谓语形式，与其逻辑主语robots之间是主动关系，应现在分词表主动。故填performing 。 6.(2025天津高考第一次改编)The school has decided to build an AI lab and the teachers would like to see the construction project ________ （carry）out in the next school year. 【答案】carried 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：学校已决定建造一个人工智能实验室，老师们希望看到这个建设项目在下一个学年得以实施。“see+宾语+宾语补足语”是固定结构，construction project与carry out之间是被动关系，即项目“被实施”，强调被动和完成的意义，应用过去分词carried out作宾语补足语。故填carried。 7.(2025北京高考)I sometimes call him back, worried that he might have someone ________(scare). 【答案】scared 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：我有时会把他叫回来，担心他可能会吓到别人。have sb. done表示“使某人被……”，someone与scare之间是被动关系，即某人被吓到，用过去分词作宾语补足语。故填scared。 8.(2025北京高考)When ________(travel), we engage with cultures and experiences. 【答案】traveling 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：旅行时，我们接触不同的文化和体验不同的经历。句子主语we与travel之间是主动关系，用现在分词，构成“when+现在分词”的状语从句省略结构。故填traveling。 9. (2024·全国新高考Ⅰ卷)These sepals open on warm days to give the inside plants sunshine and fresh air.In cold weather, the structure stays ________(close) to protect the plants.  【答案】closed 【解析】考查非谓语动词。此处stays是系动词,structure和close(关闭)之间是被动关系,所以填过去分词。故填closed。 10.(2026届山东济南市高三4月阶段性检测)________(take) a spring outing during Qingming is a time-honored custom. 【答案】Taking 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：清明时节春游是一项历史悠久的习俗。空处作句子主语，需用动名词形式，且句首单词首字母需大写。故填Taking。 11.(2026届山东济南市高三4月阶段性检测)In the past, the people of China believed that after sheltering indoors during winter, both body and heart need ________(refresh) by the embrace of spring, and a walk close to nature would be beneficial for their health. 【答案】refreshing/to be refreshed 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：过去，中国人认为冬天待在室内后，身心都需要被春天的怀抱所焕新，亲近自然的散步对他们的健康有益。need此处为实义动词，need doing sth./need to be done“需要被……”为固定搭配。故填refreshing/to be refreshed。 12.(2026届安徽芜湖市无为中学等校下学期高三3月考试)What impresses the scholars most is Zou’s four-piece set, with one ________(collect) by the British Museum. 【答案】collected 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：最让学者们印象深刻的是邹英姿的四件套作品，其中一件被大英博物馆收藏。此处为with的复合结构，即“with+宾语+宾语补足语”，one指代one piece，与动词collect之间是被动关系，应用过去分词collected作宾语补足语。故填collected。 13.(2026届福建恒一教育集团高三毕业班四月质量检测)The festival is not merely an endpoint but rather a starting point for sustained development, the target of which is ________(continue) building and strengthening the cultural brand, 【答案】to continue 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：该节日绝非终点，而是可持续发展的起点。其目标是持续打造并做强文化品牌，进而进一步将艺术之美与公共空间深度融合，以显著提升城市文化活力、优化商业体验，最终推动文化与商业的共生共荣。此处应用不定式作表语，说明target的具体内容。故填to continue。 14.(2026届湖南长沙市岳麓区湖南师范大学附属中学月考)________(launch) in 2020 as a follow-up to 2000-2003 survey, this survey covered over 12 sq km. 【答案】Launched 【详解】考查过去分词作状语。句意：这项调查于 2020 年启动，作为 2000 至 2003 年调查的后续项目，覆盖面积超过 12 平方公里。分析可知，“________ (launch) in 2020 as a follow-up to 2000-2003 survey”为句中的状语，逻辑主语“this survey”与动词“launch”之间为被动关系，动词用过去分词形式；置于句首，首字母大写。故填Launched。 15.(2026届河南鹤壁市高中英语学科月考)________(trap) in the freezing water, Kiana knew the only effective plan was to get to shore herself and find help. 【答案】Trapped 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：被困在冰冷的水中，基安娜知道唯一有效的计划就是自己上岸寻求帮助。句中已有谓语动词knew，空处需填非谓语动词作状语，trap与其逻辑主语Kiana之间为被动关系，需填过去分词形式，位于句首，首字母需大写。故填Trapped。 16.(2026届湖南长沙市岳麓区湖南师范大学附属中学月考)The rhythmic calls of free-range chickens provided background music for our shoot, ________(occasion) interrupted by the distant laughter of villagers ________(pass) along the paths. 【答案】occasionally; passing 【详解】考查副词和非谓语动词。句意：散养鸡的有节奏的叫声为我们的拍摄提供了背景音乐，其间不时被沿着小路走过的村民们的远处笑声所打断。第一空修饰动词interrupted，应填副词作状语；第二空pass和villagers之间是主动关系，应用现在分词作后置定语。故填①occasionally②passing。 17.(2026届湖南长沙市岳麓区湖南师范大学附属中学月考)Research indicates that government initiatives ________(reshape) early education and urban design must be consistently applied over the next 25 years. Once ________(establish), this connection can become self-sustaining. 【答案】reshaping; established 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：研究表明，重塑早期教育和城市设计的政府举措必须在未来25年内持续实施。一旦建立起来，这种联系就可以自我维持。 第一个空处，reshape在句中应用非谓语动词形式，与逻辑主语government initiatives构成主动关系，故用现在分词作后置定语。故第一个空填reshaping；第二个空处，establish在句中应用非谓语动词形式，与逻辑主语connection构成被动关系，故用过去分词作状语。故第二个空填established。故填①reshaping②established。 18.(2026届湖南长沙市岳麓区湖南师范大学附属中学月考)Richardson said that when he tested policy and urban environmental changes in the model, he was surprised at the scale of the changes ________(require) to restore the connection to nature. 【答案】required 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：理查森表示，当他在模型中测试政策和城市环境的变化时，他对这些为恢复人与自然的联结所必需的变化的规模感到惊讶。句子主干为he was surprised at the scale of the changes，空格处需要修饰名词changes，作后置定语。逻辑主语changes与动词require之间是被动关系(变化是“被要求、被需要”来恢复人与自然联结的)，因此用过去分词作后置定语。故填required。 19.(2026届河南鹤壁市高中上学期规范化考试)The research group produced two reports ________(base) on the survey. 【答案】based 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：该研究小组根据这项调查出具了两份报告。此处为非谓语动词作后置定语，base与reports构成被动关系，based on为固定搭配，意为“基于”，所以此处为base的过去分词形式。故填based。 20.(2026届湖南长沙市岳麓区湖南师范大学附属中学月考)Courses vary in difficulty and ground conditions, ________(allow) runners to choose between flatter routes and ________(demanding) ones. With multiple distance options available, participants can choose ________(base) on their experience levels and personal goals. 【答案】allowing; more demanding; based 【详解】考查非谓语动词，形容词的比较级。句意：课程在难度和地面条件上各不相同，允许跑步者在平坦的路线和要求更高的路线之间进行选择。有多个距离选项可供选择，参与者可以根据自己的经验水平和个人目标进行选择。第一空处为非谓语动词作结果状语，此处表示自然而然的结果，用现在分词；第二个空，根据空前的flatter可知，空处需要形容词的比较级，表示“要求更高的”，所以填more demanding；第三个空处为非谓语动词作状语，be based on为固定短语“基于……”，所以空处需要去掉be，剩下过去分词作状语。故填①allowing②more demanding③based。 二．语篇语法填空 Passage 1 (2026届河北邯郸市高三第二次模拟检测）I arrived in China from Australia as a student with a love for travel, culture and adventure. My adventure ____1____ (begin) in the winter of 2014 at Peking University for my one-year Chinese language learning program. I had never imagined it would turn into a period when I would complete a master’s degree, begin my ____2____ (profession) life, get married and have two kids. In the busy city of Beijing, each day brought something new. I quickly became ____3___ (attract) to the hard-working nature of the local students and I soon befriended my classmates from different countries. Things were always happening, new shops were opening and people were ____4____ the go everywhere. High-speed railways and tall buildings sat alongside traditional ones. In short, the place was exciting. Beyond the ____5____ (excite) of it all, I was bathed in another culture completely different from my own. When first dating my now-husband, we arranged ____6___ (play) soccer. I arrived and asked, “Where’s the ball?” He explained we would just join ____7____ (stranger) already playing. This was foreign to me, as we wouldn’t do that in Australia. Yet, despite being an introvert (内向的), ____8____ idea was appealing to me and many of my most cherished China memories are related to the collective and community atmosphere there. Other fond memories involve Chinese traditions, like having a yuesao for my post-birth “sitting the month”. This care for mom and baby, with rest and specific foods, contrasts with the experience in the West, ____9____ new moms often feel pressure to bounce back quickly and handle most things themselves. From my husband’s family to strangers on the streets, Chinese people are very friendly, ____10____ (inspire) me with their spirit and pride in what they do every day. 【答案】1. began 2. professional 3. attracted 4. on 5. excitement 6. to play 7. strangers 8. the 9. where 10. inspiring 【导语】文章主要讲述了作者在中国留学、工作、结婚生子的经历及感受。 【1题详解】考查动词时态。句意：我的冒险之旅始于2014年冬天，在北京大学参加为期一年的汉语学习项目。空处为句子的谓语动词。根据时间状语“in the winter of 2014”可知，此处描述过去发生的事情，用一般过去时。 【2题详解】考查形容词。句意：我从未想过这会变成我完成硕士学位、开始职业生涯、结婚并有两个孩子的时期。空处需用形容词作定语修饰名词life，profession的形容词为professional“职业的”。 【3题详解】考查形容词。句意：我很快就被当地学生勤奋的天性所吸引，并很快与来自不同国家的同学成为朋友。固定搭配be attracted to 表示“被……吸引”。 【4题详解】考查介词。句意：新事物层出不穷，新商店开张，人们到处奔波。on the go为固定短语，意为“忙碌，奔波”。 【5题详解】考查名词。句意：除了这一切的兴奋之外，我还沉浸在另一种与我的文化完全不同的文化中。beyond为介词，后接名词作宾语，excite的名词为excitement“兴奋”。 【6题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：当我第一次和我现在的丈夫约会时，我们安排踢足球。arrange to do sth.为固定短语，意为“安排做某事”，所以空处需用动词不定式作宾语。 【7题详解】考查名词复数。句意：他解释说我们会加入已经在那里踢球的陌生人。stranger为可数名词，此处表示泛指，且没有冠词限定，所以空处需用名词复数。 【8题详解】考查冠词。句意：然而，尽管我是一个内向的人，这个想法还是吸引了我，我在中国最珍贵的许多记忆都与那里的集体和社区氛围有关。此处特指前文提到的“加入已经在那里踢球的陌生人”这个想法，所以空处需用定冠词the表示特指。 【9题详解】考查定语从句。句意：这种对妈妈和宝宝的照顾，包括休息和特定的食物，与西方的经历形成鲜明对比，在西方，新妈妈们常常感到压力，要迅速恢复并自己处理大部分事情。空处需用关系词引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是the West，关系词在定语从句中作地点状语，所以空处需用关系副词where引导定语从句。 【10题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：从我丈夫的家人到街上的陌生人，中国人都非常友好，他们每天所做的事情的精神和自豪感激励着我。空处需用非谓语动词作状语，空处动词inspire与主句主语Chinese people之间是主动关系，所以空处需用现在分词作状语。 Passage 2 (2026届河南开封市高三年级第二次质量检测）Horses have been an absolutely necessary part of Chinese civilization for thousands of years. The domestication of horses in China ____1____ (date) back over 5,000 years, enabling it one of the earliest cultures to cultivate and utilize these majestic animals. Initially, horses served practical purposes, such as transportation and agricultural work, but their significance quickly evolved to encompass military, cultural, and symbolic dimensions. During the Zhou Dynasty (1046 — 256 BC), the Chinese classified horses ____2____ several categories, including military, ceremonial, and post horses. This period marked the establishment of a formal horse administration ____3____ ensured the effective management of horse populations for various needs, particularly in warfare. The importance of horses continued to grow through the Han Dynasty (206 BC — AD 220), where an estimated 300,000 horses ____4____ (use) in military campaigns. In Chinese culture, the horse is a powerful symbol of energy, speed, and success. The character for horse resembles a standing horse, ____5____ (reflect) its significance in daily life and communication. Horses are associated with various virtues, including perseverance, loyalty, and nobility. ____6____ (link) to the element of fire in Chinese astrology, they become ____7____ iconic symbol of Chinese values and aspirations. The colors of horses also carry specific meanings. For instance, a black horse signifies power and mystery, ___8___ a white horse represents purity and auspiciousness. This nuanced understanding of horse symbolism illustrates the rich tapestry of ____9____ (belief) that surround these animals in Chinese culture. The horse’s role in Chinese culture is a profound blend of history, symbolism, and artistic representation, _____10_____ (noble) reflected in countless works of art and literature throughout the ages. 【答案】1. dates 2. into 3. which##that 4. were used 5. reflecting 6. Linked 7. an 8. while 9. beliefs 10. nobly 【导语】本文介绍了马在中国数千年文明中的重要地位：早期用于劳作、交通与军事，古代形成完善马匹管理制度；马在中国文化中是力量、忠诚、成功的象征，不同毛色的马寓意不同，其历史价值与象征意义也大量体现在文艺作品中 【1题详解】 考查时态。句意：中国的马类驯化历史可追溯至5000多年前，使其成为最早驯养并利用这些雄伟动物的文化之一。“dates back(追溯到)”常用一般现在时表客观事实；主语“The domestication of horses”不可数，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式dates。 【2题详解】 考查介词和固定短语。句意：周朝（公元前1046年 — 公元前256年）时期，中国人将马分为几类，包括军马、礼仪用马和驿马。“classify...into...”为固定短语，意为“把……分类为……”。 【3题详解】 考查5从句。句意：这一时期标志着正式马政管理机构的建立，该机构确保了对马群的有效管理，以满足各种需求，尤其是战争需求。“_____ ensured the effective management of horse populations for various needs”为之前“a formal horse administration”的定语从句，先行词在从句中作主语，用关系代词which/that引导。 【4题详解】 考查时态和被动。句意：到了汉朝（公元前206年 — 公元220年），马的重要性持续提升，据估计有30万匹马被用于军事战役。所填动词作句子的谓语动词；主语“horses”与“use”是被动关系；时间为汉朝（过去），用一般过去时被动语态：were + 过去分词，即，were used。 【5题详解】 考查现在分词作状语。句意：汉字“马”形似一匹站立的马，反映了它在日常生活和交流中的重要意义。“______ (reflect) its significance in daily life and communication”为状语，“reflect”和前文主句内容是主动关系，故用现在分词形式reflecting。 【6题详解】 考查过去分词作状语。句意：在中国占星术中，马与五行中的火相关联，成为象征中国价值观与抱负的标志性符号。“______ (link) to the element of fire…”为状语，主语“horses”与“link”是被动关系，用过去分词，置于句首，首字母大写。 【7题详解】 考查不定冠词。句意同第6题。“symbol”是可数名词单数，“iconic(标志性的)”元音音素开头，用不定冠词an。 【8题详解】 考查连词。句意：例如，黑马象征权力与神秘，而白马则代表纯洁与吉祥。此处连接两个并列分句，表前后内容对比，意为“而”，填并列连词while符合语境。 【9题详解】 考查名词复数。句意：这种对马象征意义的细致解读，展现了中国文化中围绕这些动物的丰富信仰体系。所填为定语从句“that surround these animals in Chinese culture”的先行词，应是用名词形式；结合从句谓语动词“surround”为动词原形，说明先行词为复数形式。“belief”的复数形式为“beliefs”。 【10题详解】 考查副词。句意：马在中国文化中的角色是历史、象征与艺术表现的深度融合，这一点在历代无数艺术与文学作品中都得到了高贵的体现。修饰动词“reflected(体现)”需用副词，“noble(高贵的)”副词形式为 nobly。 Passage 3 (2026年广东普通高等学校招生全国统一考试模拟测试）Located in the historic Dashilan area of Beijing’s Qianmen district, the Daguanlou Cinema is one of the earliest cinemas in China and is celebrated ____1____ the birthplace of Chinese film, representing the lasting legacy (遗产) of cinematic art and modern ____2____ (innovate). In 1905, Ren Qingtai, owner of Fengtai Photo Studio, invited Peking Opera master Tan Xinpei to star in an opera movie ____3____ (name) Dingjun Mountain. Classic scenes like “Requesting Orders,” “Swordplay,” and “Battle” ____4____ (film) as silent movie parts. These were first shown at the then-called Daguanlou Theater on December 28, 1905, ____5___ (mark) the beginning of Chinese cinema’s journey. Today, the Daguanlou Theater has evolved (演变) into the Daguanlou Cinema, ____6___ ground floor hosts a living museum, displaying stills from Dingjun Mountain, classic posters, and historical film projectors. Walking through, visitors can ____7____ (direct) experience the century-old story of Chinese cinema. In recent years, beyond developing film-related products, it ____8____ (establish) strong ties with the Dashilan area, emerging as a dynamic model for cultural tourism that attracts many domestic and overseas tourists with its ____9____ (character) mix of movie screenings, shopping, and tea appreciation. The cinema’s fusion (融合) of the old and the new offers ____10____ unique experience, attracting young audiences seeking a connection with the past while enjoying modern comfort. 【答案】1. as 2. innovation 3. named 4. were filmed 5. marking 6. whose 7. directly 8. has established 9. characteristic 10. a 【导语】本文主要介绍北京大观楼影院的历史地位、发展历程以及如今文旅融合的特色价值。 【1题详解】 考查固定搭配。句意：位于北京前门区历史悠久的大栅栏地区的大观楼电影院是中国最早的电影院之一，被誉为中国电影的发源地，代表着电影艺术和现代创新的持久遗产。固定短语be celebrated as意为“被誉为”。 【2题详解】 考查名词。句意同上。空处和cinematic art作representing的并列宾语，应用名词innovation“创新”，为不可数名词。 【3题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：1905年，丰泰照相馆老板任庆泰邀请京剧大师谭鑫培主演了一部名为《定军山》的京剧电影。空处是非谓语动词，name“命名”和逻辑主语an opera movie之间是被动关系，应用过去分词作后置定语。 【4题详解】 考查动词时态和语态。句意：“请缨”、“舞刀”、“交锋”等经典戏曲场景被拍摄为默片片段。空处是句子的谓语，film“把……拍成电影”和主语“Classic scenes”之间是被动关系，且由“were first shown”可知，句子描述过去的情况，应用一般过去时的被动语态，主语为复数，be动词用were。 【5题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：1905年12月28日，这些影片首次在当时的大观楼剧院上映，标志着中国电影之旅的开始。空处作结果状语，表示自然而然的结果，应用现在分词形式。 【6题详解】 考查定语从句。句意：如今，大观楼剧院已经演变成大观楼电影院，其一楼设有一个实景博物馆，展出《定军山》的剧照、经典海报和历史电影放映机。空处引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词“the Daguanlou Cinema”，先行词指物，关系词在从句中作定语，应用关系代词whose引导。 【7题详解】 考查副词。句意：漫步其中，游客可以直观感受中国电影的百年故事。空处修饰动词“experience”，应用副词directly作状语。 【8题详解】 考查动词时态和主谓一致。句意：近年来，除了开发电影相关产品外，它还与大栅栏地区建立了紧密的联系，成为文化旅游的一个充满活力的模式，以其电影放映、购物和品茶的特色组合吸引了众多国内外游客。空处为句子谓语，根据时间状语“In recent years”可知，句子应用现在完成时，主语it为单数，助动词用has。 【9题详解】 考查形容词。句意同上。空处修饰名词“mix”，应用形容词characteristic“特有的”，作定语。 【10题详解】 考查冠词。句意：电影院的古今融合提供了一种独特的体验，吸引了年轻观众在享受现代舒适的同时寻求与过去的联系。空处修饰名词experience，表示“一种独特的体验”，应用不定冠词，且unique是辅音音素开头的单词，应用a。 Passage 4 (2025-2026学年湖南湘潭市第一中学高三下学期3月训练）Ten caves have been restored as part of the restoration work of the Aerzhai Grottoes (石窟). ____1____ (release) on Oct. 8, information showed the fixed area ____2____ (reported) covers 250.63 square meters. Aerzhai Grottoes is located in Otog Banner of Ordos city, in North China’s Inner Mongolia ____3____ (autonomy) region. It is the only grottoes site in China’s grassland area and a treasure trove of Buddhist art ____4____ (integrate) architecture, cliff carvings, murals (壁画) and sculptures. Having a reputation as the “Grassland Dunhuang”, Aerzhai Grottoes ____5____ (compose) of 65 caves and 22 relief stone towers, of ____6____ 41 caves are well preserved. The painted murals in the caves show scenes of yurts, riding and shooting, hunting and funeral customs. “This restoration project is mainly for mural repairs for such problems as surface ____7____ (pollute) and paints cracking and curling,” said the director of Aerzhai Grottoes Research Institute. ____8___ (preserve) the original materials of the Aerzhai Grottoes, experts also used digital photography and other methods to collect and store electronic data on the site. Due to the area’s harsh natural conditions, the murals are ____9___ danger of disappearing; the restoration work’s goal is to delay this ____10____ hopefully achieve long-term preservation, and remarkable progress has been seen. 【答案】1. Released 2. reportedly 3. autonomous 4. integrating 5. is composed 6. which 7. pollution 8. To preserve 9. in 10. and 【导语】文章介绍了鄂尔多斯市鄂托克旗的阿尔寨石窟的修复工作。 【1题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：10月8日发布的信息显示，据报道修复面积达250.63平方米。分析句子结构可知，句中已有谓语动词showed，所以此处应用非谓语动词，information与release之间是被动关系，所以用过去分词released作状语，表被动和完成，句首单词首字母大写。 【2题详解】 考查副词。句意：10月8日发布的信息显示，据报道修复面积达250.63平方米。此处修饰动词covers，应用副词reportedly，意为“据报道”。 【3题详解】 考查形容词。句意：阿尔寨石窟位于中国北方内蒙古自治区鄂尔多斯市鄂托克旗。此处修饰名词region，应用形容词autonomous，意为“自治的”，autonomous region意为“自治区”。 【4题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：它是中国草原地区唯一的石窟遗址，也是融合了建筑、摩崖石刻、壁画和雕塑的佛教艺术宝库。分析句子结构可知，句中已有谓语动词is，所以此处应用非谓语动词，a treasure trove of Buddhist art与integrate之间是主动关系，所以用现在分词integrating作后置定语，修饰a treasure trove of Buddhist art。 【5题详解】 考查动词时态和语态。句意：阿尔寨石窟被誉为“草原敦煌”，由65个洞窟和22座浮雕石塔组成，其中41个洞窟保存完好。句子陈述客观事实，应用一般现在时，主语Aerzhai Grottoes与compose之间是被动关系，应用被动语态，所以用一般现在时的被动语态，其结构为“am/is/are +过去分词”，主语是单数，所以用is composed，be composed of意为“由……组成”。 【6题详解】 考查定语从句。句意：阿尔寨石窟被誉为“草原敦煌”，由65个洞窟和22座浮雕石塔组成，其中41个洞窟保存完好。此处为“介词+关系代词”引导的非限制性定语从句，先行词是65 caves and 22 relief stone towers，指物，在从句中作of的宾语，所以用关系代词which。 【7题详解】 考查名词。句意：阿尔寨石窟研究院院长表示：“这次修复工程主要针对壁画表面污染、颜料开裂卷曲等问题进行修复。”根据as后列举的名词短语“paints cracking and curling”可知，此处应用名词pollution，意为“污染”，作介词as的宾语，pollution是不可数名词。 【8题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：为了保护阿尔寨石窟的原始资料，专家们还采用数字摄影等方法收集并存储该遗址的电子数据。此处应用动词不定式作目的状语，表示采用数字摄影等方法的目的是保护原始资料，所以用to preserve，句首单词首字母大写。 【9题详解】 考查介词。句意：由于该地区自然条件恶劣，壁画面临消失的危险；修复工作的目标是延缓这一过程，并有望实现长期保存，目前已取得显著进展。in danger of为固定短语，意为“处于……危险之中”，所以填in。 【10题详解】 考查连词。句意：由于该地区自然条件恶劣，壁画面临消失的危险；修复工作的目标是延缓这一过程，并有望实现长期保存，目前已取得显著进展。delay this和achieve long-term preservation是并列关系，所以用连词and连接。 Passage 5 Located on a cliff face in Shanxi Province, the Hanging Temple is one of China's most amazing ____1____ (architecture) wonders. For over 1,500 years, this wooden structure stood firmly on the rock wall, more than 50 meters above the ground. The temple was built during the Northern Wei Dynasty by a monk ____2____ (name) Liao Ran. He chose this difficult location to escape the noise of the world ____3____ find peace. What makes the temple truly special is ___4___ it stays up — wooden beams put into holes in the cliff serve as its base, making the whole building look like floating in the air. The Hanging Temple is also famous for its religious mix. ____5____ most ancient Chinese sites that follow one tradition, this temple brings together Buddhism, Taoism, and Confucianism. Walking through its narrow halls, people can see statues of Sakyamuni, Laozi, and Confucius standing side by side — ____6___ rare symbol of religious harmony in old China. The temple once had over 40 halls, but today only about a third remain. Despite its fragile appearance, the building ____7____ (survive) many earthquakes over the centuries. In recent years, the Hanging Temple has become a popular tourist site, ____8____ (draw) people from around the world. And ____9____ (protect) this treasure, officials now limit the number of daily ____10____ (visit). Those who make the trip are rewarded with amazing views and a deep respect for the skill of ancient Chinese builders. 【答案】1. architectural 2. named 3. and 4. how 5. Unlike 6. a 7. has survived 8. drawing 9. to protect 10. visitors 【导语】文章主要介绍了山西悬空寺的独特之处，包括其险峻的建筑位置、独特的支撑结构、长达1500多年的历史和罕见的宗教融合。 【1题详解】 考查形容词。句意：悬空寺坐落在山西省的一处悬崖峭壁上，是中国最令人惊叹的建筑奇观之一。此处修饰名词wonders，故应用形容词architectural“建筑的”作定语。 【2题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：悬空寺建于北魏时期，由一位名叫了然的僧人所建。此处作定语，修饰a monk，monk与name之间为被动关系，故应用过去分词形式named作后置定语。 【3题详解】 考查连词。句意：他选择这个险峻的位置是为了远离尘世喧嚣，并求得内心宁静。此处连接两个不定式to escape与(to) find，为并列关系，为不定式作目的状语，故用并列连词and连接。 【4题详解】 考查表语从句。句意：这座寺庙真正特别之处在于它如何悬空而立——插入悬崖孔洞中的木梁充当了地基，让整座建筑看起来像漂浮在空中。此处引导表语从句，结合后文“wooden beams put into holes in the cliff serve as its base, making the whole building look like floating in the air”可知，从句“it stays up”缺少方式状语，故用how引导表语从句，表示“怎样、如何”。 【5题详解】 考查介词。句意：与大多数只遵循单一传统的中国古代遗址不同，这座寺庙将佛教、道教和儒教汇聚于一体。此处意为“与……不同”，故应用介词unlike，句首首字母需大写。 【6题详解】 考查冠词。句意：穿行于狭窄的殿宇之间，人们可以看到释迦牟尼、老子和孔子的塑像并排而立——这是中国古代宗教和谐共处的一个罕见象征。此处symbol“象征”为可数单数名词，且此处泛指“一个罕见的象征”，故应用不定冠词，且rare以辅音音素开头，故应用冠词a。 【7题详解】 考查动词时态。句意：尽管外观看起来摇摇欲坠，但这座建筑在数个世纪中幸存了多次地震。此处在句中作谓语动词，主语为the building，为单数，与survive之间为主动关系，且根据时间状语over the centuries可知，此处应用现在完成时has survived。 【8题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：近年来，悬空寺已成为热门旅游景点，吸引着来自世界各地的游客。此处在句中作结果状语，表示自然而然的结果，且与逻辑主语the Hanging Temple 之间为主动关系，故应用现在分词drawing。 【9题详解】 考查不定式。句意：为了保护这一瑰宝，官方现在限制了每天的游客数量。“保护”是采取限制措施的目的，故用不定式 to protect在句中作目的状语。 【10题详解】 考查名词复数。句意：同上。此处意为“游客”，故应用可数名词visitor在句中作宾语，每天到此参观的游客不止一个，故应用复数形式visitors。 1 / 19 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $