Unit 4 Space Exploration Reading and Thinking 课文句对句翻译 语言点 课件-2025-2026学年高中英语人教版（2019）必修第三册

该高中英语课件围绕“太空探索”主题，涵盖词汇（如determined、succeed）、语法（不定式作定语/状语、表语从句等）及关键事件（斯普特尼克1号、中国航天成就等），通过“问题导入—事件梳理—语言点解析”构建学习支架，帮助学生衔接知识脉络。 其亮点在于融合语言能力与思维品质培养，通过句对句翻译、即学即练（如语法填空）提升语言理解与表达，结合中国航天案例增强文化意识。采用知识树梳理语法结构（如“the+序数词+n.+to do”），助力学生自主学习，教师可直接应用于课堂，提升教学效率。

SPACE EXPLORATION 1 Reading and Thinking P40 Reading for Writing P44 课文句对句翻译&语言点 LEARNING OBJECTIVES 1. master the usage of such important words and expressions as determined, succeed, launch, desire, carry on, etc; learn to express yourself by using them. 2. learn the method of constructing knowledge trees through self-study &cooperative exploration. 3. enjoy the fun of expressing yourself using English and participate in class with passion. 2 Unit 4 Space Exploration --- Reading and Thinking P40 Space: The Final Frontier 太空：最后的边境 3 “Are we alone? What’s out there?” People have always looked up at the stars and wondered about space. Today, scientists design vehicles to carry astronauts into space to make important discoveries. B Space exploration has come a long way, and we now hope to discover other planets that are suitable enough to support life. adj.孤独的 抬头看 车辆 不定式作后置定语 不定式作目的状语 v.发现 that引导定语从句，修饰先行词planets “我们是孤家寡人吗？外面还有什么呢？” 一直以来，人们仰望星空，对太空充满了遐想。 如今，科学家们研制出飞行器，将宇航员送入太空，去获得重大发现。 太空探索已经取得长足的发展，而现在，我们希望发现能够维持生命存在的 其他行星。 v.好奇 太空探索 n.行星 维持生命 adj.适合的 取得长足的发展 discovery n.发现 para. 1 4 Before the mid-20th century, most people felt travelling into space was only a dream that could never come true. However, scientists were determined to realise that dream. D. After many experiments, they succeeded in making rockets that could escape Earth's gravity. 宾语从句省略that 定语从句 realise/achieve one’s dream=make one’s dream come true 实现某人的梦想 succeed in doing sth. 成功做某事 摆脱地球引力 二十世纪中叶之前，大部分人认为在太空旅行是一个永远无法实现的梦。 然而，科学家们下定决心要实现这个梦想。 无数次实验之后，他们终于成功研制出能够摆脱地心引力的火箭。 para. 2 mid- 前缀：中间的、中部的、中期的 midday 中午 midnight 午夜 middle 中间 midterm 期中 mid-autumn 中秋 midwest 中西部 mid-aged 中年的 太空旅行 下定决心做某事 be determined to do sth. 实验 火箭 定语从句 5 On 4 October 1957, the Sputnik 1 satellite was launched by the USSR and successfully orbited around Earth. Afterwards, the USSR focused on sending people into space, and on 12 April 1961, Yuri Gagarin became the first person in the world to enter space. Over eight years later, on 20 July 1969, American astronaut Neil Armstrong stepped onto the moon, famously saying,“That's one small step for [a] man, one giant leap for mankind.” 斯普特尼克1号卫星 由...发射 环绕地球运行 之后 集中注意于 the first person to do sth. 第一个做某事的人 宇航员 巨大的飞跃 1957年10月4日，“旅伴一号”人造卫星在苏联发射升空，并成功环绕地球运行。之后，苏联专注于载人太空飞行。1961年4月12日，尤里·加加林成为世界上进入太空的第一人。八年后，美国宇航员尼尔·阿姆斯特朗于1969年7月20日踏上月球，说出了那句名言：“对一个人来说，这是一小步；对人类来说，这是一大步。” 苏联 adv.成功地 踏上 人类=human beings 6 1. Yuri Gagarin became the first person in the world to go into space. 2. Dr. Lin immediately became the first woman ever to be hired as a resident physician. 结构：the+序数词+n.+to do (不定式作定语) 含义：第几个做某事的…… （不定式所修饰的名词或代词前面常有only, first, last, next或序数词、形容词最高级等修饰） *I am always the first person ________ to the office. 我总是第一个到达办公室的人。 to get 不定式作后置定语的其他情况： 1. 被修饰词是抽象名词（ability, chance, excuse, promise, attempt, belief, way, right等）时; 2. 被修饰词为形容词最高级或被形容词最高级修饰时； 3. 表示将来的动作常用动词不定式作后置定语。 1. He is always the first (come) and the last_________(leave). 2. I had a chance__________(visit) the Great Wall last month. 3. The most effective way ___________(prevent) the spread of the disease is to wash hands with soap and water. to come to leave to visit to prevent (1)make + 名词/代词+不带to的不定式。当该结构用于被动语态时，不定式符号to要还原；即make sb/sth do sth 让某人做某事 ；sb/sth +be+made to do sth 【其被动语态结构】 Every day my parents make me have an egg. = Every day I (2)make +名词/代词+过去分词 过去分词与宾语是被动关系 It’s too noisy. I can’t make my voice heard. 太吵了，我不能让别人听到我的声音。 (3)make+名词/代词+形容词 表示：“使某人或某物变得...” (4)make+名词/代词+名词 表示:“使某人或某物成为...”We made Tom monitor. (5)make it+宾补+不定式（真正的宾语）.it 为形式宾语，真正的宾语是不定式。 The heavy rain made it impossible for us to go out. 大雨使得我们无法出去。 was made to have an egg. 即学即练： 1.This produced a chain reaction, which made _____ possible for life to develop. 2.The teacher raised his voice so that he could make himself ______(hear). 3.He believes that the system will _________________________. (让他成为一名更好的医生） it heard make him a better doctor Following this, there were many more important space achievements. For example, on 5 September 1977, America's NASA space agency launched Voyager 1 to study deep space, and it still transmits data to this day. And the International Space Station (1998) has provided a continuous human presence in space, with astronauts from many different countries on board. 此后还有很多更加重大的太空成就。例如，为了研究外太空，1977年9月5日美国国家航空航天局发射了“旅行者一号”，该探测器至今仍在传回数据。再如，国际空间站（1998年建立）上的宇航员来自不同国家，使得人类能够持续在太空中开展工作。 成就 航天机构 to do做目的状语 传送数据 在船上（或飞机上、火车上）：指在船、飞机或火车内部 国际太空站 例如，（+1个例子） 发射 外太空 直到现在 adj.持续的 11 A Although scientists try to make sure nothing goes wrong, accidents can still happen.For example, all the astronauts on the Soyuz 11,Challenger, and Columbia spacecraft died during their missions. However, while such disasters brought much sadness and disappointment, the desire to explore the universe did not die. This is because people believe in the importance of carrying on space exploration despite the huge risks. 确 保 万无一失 虽然科学家们极力确保万无一失，但事故仍时有发生。例如，“联盟11号”“挑战者号”和“哥伦比亚号”宇宙飞船上的宇航员们在执行任务时全部遇难。然而，尽管这样的悲剧使人倍感伤心与失望，探索宇宙的渴望永不磨灭。这是因为哪怕风险巨大，人类还是坚信太空探索极为重要。 “哥伦比亚号”宇宙飞船上 “联盟11号” “挑战者号” 在执行任务时 探索宇宙的渴望 n.失望 执行 =in spite of尽管 para. 3 事故 灾难 这是因为 信任 风险 12 =Though虽然 Para.3 This is because people believe in the importance of carrying on space exploration despite the huge risks. [句式分析] 本句是一个复合句。句中的_________引导的是表语从句。 It/This/That is/was because...意为“它/这/那是因为……”, because引导表语从句，后接原因。 She is always unhappy. This is because she is rather demanding. 她总是不快乐。这是因为她要求很高。 because 拓展： This/That/It is why... 这/那是为什么……(why引导表语从句，后跟结果) This/That/It is because... 这/那是因为……(because引导表语从句，后跟原因) The reason (why...) is that...(……的)原因是…… (why引导定语从句，修饰reason; that引导表语从句，后接reason的具体内容)  即学即练　单句语法填空/完成句子 1.He fell asleep during the lecture.This was_______he got bored with it. 2.The reason why Henry missed the bus was ________ he got up late. 3.Alice was too careless. That is ________ she failed the examination. 4.From space, the earth looks blue. _______________ (这是因为) about seventy-one percent of its surface is covered by water. 5.He admitted that his father was strict with him. ____________(那就是为什么) he made so many achievements. because that why This is because That was why China's space programme started later than those of Russia and the US, but it has made great progress in a short time. China became the third country in the world to independently send humans into space in 2003, when Yang Liwei successfully orbited Earth in the Shenzhou 5 spacecraft. Then Shenzhou 6 and 7 completed a second manned orbit and the first Chinese spacewalk, followed by the vehicle Jade Rabbit being sent to the moon to study its surface. 晚于 中国的太空项目起步晚于俄罗斯和美国，但在短时间内发展迅速。2003年，杨利伟乘坐“神舟五号”宇宙飞船成功环绕地球运行，中国成为世界上第三个能够独立将人类送入太空的国家。之后，“神舟六号”和“神舟七号”分别完成了第二次载人环绕地球飞行和中国人的第一次太空漫步。紧接着，“玉兔号”月球车飞抵月球，开展月球表面研究。 在...中取得巨大进步 the third country to do第三个做某事的国家 环绕地球运行 宇宙飞船 第二次载人环绕地球飞行 “玉兔号”月球车 开展月球表面研究 过去分词作状语 para. 4 项目 adv.独立地 太空漫步 16 On 23 July 2020, China sent Tianwen 1 to explore the surface of Mars. It arrived in February 2021 and then sent back lots of valuable information. And from 2021 to 2022, China completed a number of rocket missions to establish its own space station. In 2022, the launch of the Mengtian module signalled the basic completion of the Tiangong Space Station. This modern space station will allow astronauts to conduct many important experiments, greatly furthering our understanding of the universe. 2020年7月23日，中国发射“天问一号”探测火星表面。它于2021年2月抵达，随后发回大量有价值的信息。从2021年到2022年，中国完成了多次火箭（发射）任务，建立了自己的空间站。2022年“梦天”太空舱的发射标志着天宫空间站基本建成。这个现代化的空间站使得宇航员们能够 开展很多重要实验，从而大大加深我们对宇宙的了解。 发射...到... to do 作目的状语 有价值的信息 火箭（发射）任务 to do 作目的状语 “梦天”太空舱的发射 发出信号 天宫空间站 allow sb. to do sth.允许sb.做sth. 进行 v.促进，推进 宇宙 “天问一号” 从...到... v.完成 completion n.完成 许多 建立自己的空间站 现在分词作状语 17 C The future of space exploration remains bright. Many countries have plans to further study planets like Mars and Jupiter. Despite the difficulties, scientists hope valuable discoveries that will enable the human race to survive well into the future. 太空探索的未来仍然是光明的。 很多国家都已制订计划，将进一步研究火星、木星等行星。 尽管困难重重，科学家们希望获得更多有价值的发现，让人类延续生存，直到未来。 仍然 光明的 火星 adv.进一步 far的比较级 有价值的发现 enable sb. to do 使某人能够做某事 v.生存；幸存 para. 5 木星 尽管=in spite of +（动）名词 人类 18 1. 抬头看 ________________________ 2. 做出重大发现 ________________________ 3. 适合做某事 ________________________ 4. 实现 ________________________ 5. 下定决心 ________________________ 6. 实现梦想 ________________________ 7. 成功的 ________________________ 8. 逃离地球引力 ________________________ 9. 绕地轨道 ________________________ look up at make important discoveries be suitable to do come true be determined to realise the dream succeed in escape Earth’s gravity orbit around Earth 10.专注于 ________________________ 11.踏上月球 ________________________ 12.传输数据 ________________________ 13.确保一切正常 ________________________ 14.相信 ________________________ 15.继续 ________________________ 16.晚于 ________________________ 17.取得重大进展 ________________________ 18.送回 ________________________ focus on step onto the moon transmit data make sure nothing goes wrong believe in carry on later than make great progress in send back Unit 4 Space Exploration --- Reading for Writing P44 IS EXPLORING SPACE A WASTE OF TIME AND MONEY? 探索太空是浪费时间与金钱吗？ 21 1.around the globe 全球；全世界 2.spend time/money on sth 花费时间/钱在某事上 3.billions of dollars 数十亿美元 4. space missions 太空任务 5.whether .... or ....无论...还是... 6.Some people argue that...(表达观点句型) 有人认为.... 7. stop doing sth 停止做某事 8.waste time and money doing sth. 浪费时间/金钱做某事 IS EXPLORING SPACE A WASTE OF TIME AND MONEY? Countries around the globe are spending billions of dollars and lots of time on various space missions, whether to Mars or other planets much further away. Some people argue that we should stop wasting time and money exploring space. 世界各国正花费数十亿美元和大量时间开展各类太空任务，无论是登陆火星，还是去往其他更远的星球。一些人认为，我们应该停止在太空探索上浪费时间与金钱。 para. 1 22 1.the world’s poor 全世界的贫困人口 2.solutions to problems 问题的解决办法 3. fatal diseases 致命的疾病 4.others feel that...(表达观点句型) 其他人认为.... 5.a shallow view 肤浅的观点 6.which 引导限制性定语从句，在从句中作主语，修饰先行词view。 7.fail to do sth. 未能做某事 8.how引导宾语从句，作realise的宾语 9.exploring space 是动名词作主语 Instead, we should feed the world's poor and find immediate solutions to other problems, such as pollution and fatal diseases. However, others feel this is a shallow view which fails to realise how exploring space helps us. 相反，我们应当养活全世界的贫困人口，优先解决污染、致命疾病等紧迫难题。然而，另一些人则认为，这种观点十分浅薄，它忽视了太空探索给人类带来的益处。 23 1.exploring space 是动名词做主语 2.make a difference to 对...产生影响 3. in the fight against sth 在与...的斗争中 4.result in... 导致 5.that引导定语从句，在从句中作主语，修饰satellites 6.orbit Earth绕地运行 7.a (great/small) number of ... 许多的 8.weather patterns 天气模式 9.be transmitted to.... 被传送给.. Firstly, exploring space has already made a difference in the fight against world hunger. It has directly resulted in the many satellites that now orbit Earth. A number of the satellites record data on land and weather patterns. Then the data is transmitted to scientists on Earth. 首先，太空探索已经在对抗全球饥饿的事业中发挥了作用。它直接促成了大量人造卫星环绕地球运行。众多卫星会记录陆地与气象模式的数据，再将数据传输给地球上的科学家。 para. 2 24 1.provide sth for sb. 为某人提供某物 2.As a result,=Therefore, 因此 3. space-based science 依托太空的科学 -based基于...的 4.in one’s efforts to do 努力做某事 5.feed vt.养活 6. increasing 是现在分词作定语，修饰 population，译为“不断增长的人口” After careful analysis, the scientists can provide useful recommendations and advice for farmers. As a result, space-based science has helped farming in its efforts to grow enough food to feed Earth's increasing population. 经过严谨分析，科学家能够为农民提供实用的建议与指导。因此，依托太空的科学技术助力农业生产，帮助种植足够的粮食，养活地球上不断增长的人口。 25 1.technological improvements 技术进步 2.that引导定语从句，修饰先行词improvements 3. high-end products around the world 全世界高端产品 4.because of 由于=as a result of 5.advanced technology先进的技术 6. which引导定语从句，修饰先行词technology，which在从句中作主语 7.meet the requirements/needs 满足需求 Secondly, space exploration has already promoted technological improvements that benefit us all. High-end products around the world are made to a higher standard now because of advanced technology which was first created to meet the requirements for space exploration. 其次，太空探索推动了惠及全人类的技术进步。如今全球众多高端产品都拥有更高的制造水准，这得益于最初为满足太空探索需求而研发的先进技术。 para. 3 26 1. the research and development of different types of new material 各类新型材料的研发 2.make better heart monitors 制造更好的心脏监测仪 3. that引导定语从句，修饰machines 4.all kinds of industries各行各业 5.memory foam pillows记忆枕 For example, space technologies have helped the research and development of different types of new material. They have also helped companies make better heart monitors and other machines that doctors regularly use. Today, space technologies are widely used in all kinds of industries, and everyday products, such as memory foam pillows and smartphone cameras, are changing our lives. 例如，航天技术助力了各类新型材料的研发；也帮助企业制造出更精良的心脏监测仪，以及其他医生日常使用的医疗设备。如今，航天技术广泛应用于各行各业与日常用品之中，比如记忆棉枕头、智能手机摄像头，正在彻底改变我们的生活。 n. 泡沫橡胶；泡沫 n. 枕头 27 1.sending...是动名词短语做主语 2.think of 考虑到；想到 3. Seeing pictures...是动名词短语做主语 4.that 引导从句，作realise的宾语，即宾语从句 Finally, sending astronauts into space has helped people to think about the world's problems and even to find ways to solve them. Seeing pictures of our planet as an island in a black sea made people realise that our planet's resources are limited. 最后，将宇航员送入太空，促使人类开始正视全球问题，甚至主动寻找解决办法。从太空拍下的照片，让人们意识到我们的星球就像汪洋里的一座孤岛，也看清地球的资源是有限的 para. 4 28 1.in order to do sth. 为了做某事 2.provide for sth/sb. 供养，赡养： 为（某事物或某人）提供生活所需 3.that引导定语从句，修饰planets 4.at present=nowadays 目前；现在 5.be close to接近 6. in the future 在未来 7.may +V原 可以... In order to provide for such a rapidly increasing population, scientists are trying to find other planets that could one day be our new home. The greatest attention at present is on Mars because it is closer to Earth. In the future, humans may live on both planets. 为养活快速增长的人口，科学家正努力寻找未来可以成为人类新家园的其他行星。目前火星是人类关注的焦点，因为它距离地球更近。在未来，人类或许可以在两颗行星上定居生活。 29 1. In closing,=All in all, 总之 2. exploring space 动名词短语作主语 3. provides sb. with sth. 为某人提供某物 4. so as to do sth.为了做某事 5.short-term 短期的 6.long-term 长期的 In closing, exploring space provides the world with many different benefits. Therefore, it should continue so as to provide new and better solutions to people's short-term and long-term problems. 总而言之，太空探索为全世界带来了诸多益处。因此，我们应当继续推进太空探索，为人类当下与长远的难题提供全新、更优质的解决方案。 para. 5 30 THANK YOU! 31 $