Unit 4 Space Exploration Discovering Useful Structures 课件 - 2025-2026学年高中英语人教版（2019）必修第三册

该高中英语课件聚焦不定式作定语和状语用法，通过复习谓语动词与非谓语动词形式变化，结合表格对比建立知识联系，再分模块讲解不定式语态、逻辑主语关系及具体用法，构建递进式学习支架。 其亮点在于以表格清晰呈现语法结构，结合太空探索主题设计实例与课文活动，培养学生语言能力和思维品质。通过辨析逻辑主语关系、转化定语/状语从句等练习，帮助学生精准运用，既提升语法应用能力，也为教师提供系统教学资源，提高课堂效率。

Infinitives (1) as the attribute and the adverbial 2019人教版 语法系列 Book 3 Unit 4 Space Exploration Review tense(时) aspect(体) 现在 present 过去 past 一般 simple 进行 progressive 完成 perfective 谓语动词的形式变化 do/does did am/is/are doing was/were doing have/has done had done voice (态) 主动 被动 主动 被动 am/is/are done was/were done am/is/are being done have/has been done was/were being done had been done 时 人称 数 态(Voice) 进行体 完成体 主动 被动 非谓语动词 being done 正在被 having done having been done doing 态(Voice) 一般形式 进行体 完成体 主动 被动 Infinitives to do to be doing to have done to be done to have been done —— to do 不定式具有名词、形容词和副词的特征，在句中可作宾语补足语、表语、定语、状语等。 to do 在句子中所作成分 表语 定语 宾补 状语 His dream is to travel around the world． Scientists work hard to find out the secrets of the universe. I have no desire to write. They asked him to sing a pop song at the party. Part 2 Acquire the usage of Infinitives as the attribute I. 意义 1.The conference to take place in Shanghai next week is of great importance. 2. There was nothing to be done. 3. I have a lot to say. 1. to do置于被修饰词______ 2. to do可修饰____________ 3. to do表示______的动作 4. to do可转化_____ 之后 名词、代词等 将来 思考与-ing,-ed作定语的区别？ The conference that will take place in Shanghai next week is of great importance. 定从 II. 不定式与逻辑主语的三种关系 The future of our company depends on the decision __________(make) at the meeting next week. All the students _________(attend) the meeting tomorrow should wear school uniforms. to attend to be made Students attend 逻辑主语与不定式 主动关系 逻辑主语：非谓语动词的执行者（以区别句子的主语） make the decision 逻辑主语与不定式 被动关系 He made an effort to catch the bus. 逻辑主语与不定式 同位关系 III. 使用情况 He was the last customer _________(arrive). You’re the next one __________________(question). Tom is the most considerate boy _____________(get along with) to do用于序数词、形容词最高级以及the only/the last/the next/the very等之后 to arrive to be questioned to get along with I’ve grown so crazy about everything _______(do) with nature. I have something important ________(do). to do常用于something, anything, nothing, everything等复合不定代词后 to do to do There are varieties of leaves for us ___________(collect). There were so many patients for the doctors ________(cure) that they had no time to rest at all. to collect to cure to do用于there be句型中，用在主语之后作其定语。 Please pass me some paper to write _______. The Browns have a comfortable house to live _____. There is nothing to worry _______. on to do中的动词为不及物动词vi.，所修饰的名词是地点或工具等，要添加相应的介词。 in about He has no place to live. She has no time to work. This is the wrong way to go. 若to do修饰的词是place, time, way可以省略介词。 He made an effort _________(catch) the bus. He made a promise __________(come) here on time tomorrow. He made an attempt ______________(admit) to the company. to do用于某些抽象名词ability, ambition, attempt, chance, courage, desire, decision, effort, failure, moment, promise, right, time, wish, plan, eagerness…（表努力、愿望、能力等意义的名词） to catch to come to be admitted 一般情况下，与不定式连用的名词，其动词或形容词形式也要接不定式 ①In many homes in the UK, the first person _______ (wake) up has to make tea for the family． ②The airport ______________ (complete) next year will help promote tourism in this area． ③The best way _________ (improve) your English is to join an English club． ④Carol was happy that she had the chance _____________ (experience) the life in the city． ⑤These courses offer us opportunities__________ (improve) our abilities to appreciate art. 练习 to wake to be completed to improve to experience to improve person wakes 逻辑主语与不定式 主动关系 complete the airport 逻辑主语与不定式 被动关系 逻辑主语chance/opportunity 与不定式 同位关系 主动关系 IV. to do与to be done I have clothes to wash. I have clothes to be washed. 逻辑主语：非谓语动词的执行者（以区别句子的主语） 我洗 当逻辑主语与to do构成被动关系 1. to do 与句子主语构成语义上的主动关系时，用主动形式表被动意义； 2. 若没有语义上的主谓关系，用被动语态。 我有衣服要洗。 洗衣机洗 干洗店洗 逻辑主语：非谓语动词的执行者（以区别句子的主语） Do you have anything to take to your sister? Do you have anything to be taken to your sister? 试判断两句的区别 你拿东西给你妹 （不是你）拿东西给你妹 Part 3 Acquire the usage of Infinitives as the adverbial She gave him some money ____________ he could live a better life. to do作状语 表示目的 She gave him some money ________ (make) him live a better life. _______________ _______________ to make to do作目的状语 可转化目的状语从句 in order to make so as to make in order that 一般不用于句首 不定式放在句首作状语时，逻辑主语和句子主语保持一致。 To save money, every means has been tried. ( ) To save money, he has tried every means. ( ) 也可转化为定语从句 She gave him some money, _____ would help him live a better life. which to do作状语 表示结果 The boy is not old enough to take care of himself. The boy is too young to take care of himself. It was such a loud noise as to wake everyone in the house. Her pain was not such as to cause anxiety. 她的疼痛不是那么严重，不必担心 The boy is so ______ that he can’t take care of himself. young His work was so good as to make him well-known in the city. 限定词 代词 only to do (常表示意外的或事与愿违的结果) He drove to the concert hall, only to find it had been closed. to do作结果状语 可转化结果状语从句 to do作状语 表示原因 I'm glad to see you. Sam was very surprised to hear the news. They are proud to realize their dreams. We were astonished to find the temple still in its original condition. 不定式表示原因，常与表喜怒哀乐、运气好坏形容词或动词连用。 delighted/lucky/fortunate/ashamed/disappointed等 注意 在几个表示感觉的形容词(一般是修饰物）后，用to do主动表被动 easy, difficult, light, heavy, comfortable, pleasant, hard, dangerous, intersting, important, necessary 1. This machine is very easy __________(operate). Anybody can learn to use it in a few minutes. 2. These books are easy_______(sell). 3. The furniture is light ________(move). 4. The morning air is so good __________(breathe). to operate to sell to move to breathe Part 4 Apply Infinitives to describe facts P42 Activity 1 Look at the following sentences and focus on the italicised infinitives. In pairs, discuss their functions and meanings. Find more examples from the unit. tired organized dressed 1. I trained for a long time to fly airplanes as a fighter pilot. 2. As we all know, an astronaut needs to be healthy and calm in order to work in space. 3. First of all, you must be intelligent enough to get a related college degree. 4. Scientists were determined to realise the dream to explore space. 5. On 12 April 1961, Yuri Gagarin became the first person in the world to go into space. adverbial adverbial attribute adverbial attribute 2. We now hope to discover other planets that are suitable enough to support life. (Para. 1) Scientists design vehicles to carry astronauts into space to make important discoveries. (Para. 1) 3. For example, on 5 September 1977, America's NASA space agency launched Voyager 1 to study deep space... (Para. 2) 4.However, while such disasters brought much sadness and disappointment, but the desire to explore universe did not die. (Para. 3) attribute 5. China became the third country in the world to independently send humans into space. (Para. 4) 6. ...followed by the vehicle Jade Rabbit being sent to the moon to study its surface. (Para. 4) 7. China sent Tianwen 1 to explore the surface of Mars. (Para. 4) 8. China completed a number of rocket missions to establish its own space station.(Para. 4) 9. Many countries have plans to further study planets like Mars and Jupiter. (Para. 5) attribute attribute P42 Activity 2 Rewrite the sentences using infinitives or “in order to/so as to+do”. Change the italicised parts accordingly. Example 1.In 2003 Yuri Malenchenko became the first person who got married in space. In 2003 Yuri Malenchenko became the first person to get married in space. 2.In space, astronauts collect all dirty water so that it can be recycled for later use. In space, astronauts collect all dirty water so as to recycle for later use. P42 Activity 2 Rewrite the sentences using infinitives or “in order to/so as to+do”. Change the italicised parts accordingly. 3. Mankind has always been curious about the universe and many people have dreamt that one day they would fly into space. Mankind has always been curious about the universe and many people have _______________________________ the dream to fly into space one day. P42 Activity 2 Rewrite the sentences using infinitives or “in order to/so as to+do”. Change the italicised parts accordingly. 4. Astronauts’ bones and muscles can get very weak in space due to the lack of gravity, so they need to exercise every day, which will help them stay healthy. Astronauts’ bones and muscles can get very weak in space due to the lack of gravity, so they need to exercise every day_________________ _____________. to/in order to/so as to stay healthy P42 Activity 2 Rewrite the sentences using infinitives or “in order to/so as to+do”. Change the italicised parts accordingly. 5. Astronauts have to use tape to stick everything down while working in space because everything would float off otherwise. Astronauts have to use tape to stick everything down while working in space ________________________________________________. to/in order to/so as to keep everything from floating off P42 Activity 2 Rewrite the sentences using infinitives or “in order to/so as to+do”. Change the italicised parts accordingly. 6. During a spacewalk, astronauts have to move slowly so that they can keep their bodies under control. During a spacewalk, astronauts have to move slowly ______________ ______________________________. to/in order to/ so as to keep bodies under control Sending people to other planets or even beyond the solar system is not an easy goal _________(achieve). One of the problems is that the trip would take a very long time. For example, _____(use) current technology, it would take over two years _____(get) to the closet planet, Mars, and back. Although light is the fastest thing ______(know) in the universe, it could take more than four years to reach the nearest star system. Will scientists figure out a way ______(store) sufficient food and water for the long journey? Is it possible to travel faster than light? No one knows the answers yet. However, space scientists never give up. They are experimenting with growing crops in space so as ______(help) astronauts get enough food on longer journeys through space. to achieve P42 Activity 3 Complete the passage with the correct forms of the verbs in brackets. using to get known to store to help $