第07讲 Unit 7 The natural world（知识全梳理&考点精准练）（暑假预习讲义）新八年级英语新教材译林版

第07讲 Unit 7 The natural world （知识全梳理&考点精准练） 内容导航 01 预习航标→ 析目标·明方向：预习导航精准定向 02 教材全解 → 析教材·学新知：情境概念深度构 考点精讲：聚焦常考要点，讲清逻辑 例题精析：典型题目带路，学会解题思路 即练固基：趁热打铁练一练，巩固刚学内容 03过关检测 → 练考点·强落实：过关检测分层提 关键词 学习目标导航 学习目标 1. 能识别并朗读与自然生态系统相关的词汇。 2. 能理解表达描述生态系统的核心句型：如…play an important role in…, …is becoming…because of… 3. 能在听力活动中准确捕捉关键信息（如扎龙和盐城自然保护区的相关信息、湿地对生态平衡的重要意义、湿地目前面临的问题和采取的保护措施等），正确使用S+V+O+O和S+V+O+C句型及连词and、but、or和so，谈论更多生态系统的相关信息。 4. 综合运用话题词汇和语篇结构知识与表达，撰写一篇文章，呼吁人们保护特定生态系统，积极参与环保活动，实现与自然的和谐共生。 学习重点 1. 掌握介绍生态系统的分布、功能、重要性、面临的问题、应采取的措施的核心句型及应答； 2. 正确使用S+V+O+O和S+V+O+C句型及连词and、but、or和so。 学习难点 1. 介绍生态系统的分布、功能、重要性、面临的问题、应采取的措施； 2. 在语境中准确运用S+V+O+O和S+V+O+C句型及连词and、but、or和so。 1. To treat the earth kindly is to treat oneself kindly. 善待地球，就是善待我们自己。 【详解】treat /triːt/ 一、作动词 v.（三大核心考点含义） 含义 1：对待（本句用法） 搭配：treat sb./sth. + 副词（kindly /well/badly） 例句： Don’t treat animals badly. 不要虐待动物。 含义 2：治疗，医治 treat a disease 治疗疾病 The doctor treated his wound. 医生处理了他的伤口。 含义 3：请客；款待 固定搭配：treat sb. to sth. 请某人吃 / 享用某物 I’ll treat you to dinner. 我请你吃饭。 二、作名词 n. /triːt/款待，请客 It’s my treat. 我请客。 开心的小事、美食 a special treat 一份特别的小点心 三、易混辨析：treat /cure 单词 侧重点 treat 侧重 “治疗过程”，不一定治好 cure 侧重 “治愈、根除疾病” The doctor treated me and cured my cold.医生为我治疗，治好了我的感冒。 四、高频固定搭配 treat sb. kindly /well 善待某人 treat sb. badly 虐待某人 treat sb. to sth. 请客，招待某人 treat an illness 治病 It’s my treat. 我买单，我请客 五、变形 treatment n. 治疗；对待，待遇 medical treatment 医疗救治 【典例】I have found lots of vets （兽医） to ________ my dog，but no one can ________ it. （　　） A．treat；treat B．treat；cure C．cure；cure D．cure；treat 【即练1】— Why not go out for dinner？My________ this time! — Great! Thank you.（　　） A．trick B．taste C．check D．treat 【即练2】—Our parents will take us to Disney as a special______! —Can't wait!（　　） A． expression B．warmth C．treat D．happiness 【即练3】I want to ________ my best friend to beef dumplings.（　　） A．hang B．become C．laugh D．treat 2.And the difference in temperature between day and night is huge. 而且昼夜温差很大。 【详解】difference 英 /ˈdɪfrəns/ 美 /ˈdɪfrəns/ n. (名词) 一、核心含义 1. 差别，差异，不同之处（最常用） 搭配： · difference between A and B A 和 B 之间的差别 Your eyes are the only difference between us.你眼睛是我们俩唯一的不同。 · difference in + 名词：在…… 方面的差异 difference in temperature 温差 difference in age 年龄差 2. 差额，差值（数字、金额） What’s the difference between 10 and 15?10 和 15 的差值是多少？ 3. 分歧，不和 settle our differences 化解我们的矛盾 二、常用固定短语 1. make a difference 有影响，起作用 Every small effort makes a difference.每一份小小的努力都很有用。 2. make no difference 无所谓，没影响 It makes no difference to me. 对我来说无所谓。 3. tell the difference 分辨出不同 I can’t tell the difference. 我分不出来。 三、变形拓展 1. 形容词：different /ˈdɪfrənt/ 不同的 搭配：be different from… 与…… 不同 Cities are different from villages. 城市和乡村不一样。 2. 副词：differently 不同地 We think differently. 我们想法不一样。 3. 动词：differ 有区别；持不同意见 Our opinions differ. 我们观点不同。 【典例】—Bamboo green or olive green？The picture shows us the cultural ______. —Exactly. We can tell the two ladies disagree with each other.（　　） A．subject B．difference C．bridge D．interest 【即练1】—Jim，can you tell me the ________ between the two cups？ —Sorry，I can't. I think they look the same.（　　） A．difference B．activity C．problem D．surprise 【即练2】If everyone does something，we can ______to the environment.（　　） A．make a difference B．turn into C．fight against D．separate into 3. An ecosystem includes all the living and non-living things in an area. 一个生态系统包含某一区域内所有生物与非生物。 【详解】include 英 /ɪnˈkluːd/ 美 /ɪnˈkluːd/ v. 动词（及物动词，后面直接加宾语） 一、核心含义 包含；包括 指整体里面含有一部分人 / 事物，只是列举其中一部分，不是全部。 基础句型 1. 主语 + include + 名词 / 代词 例句： The price includes breakfast.这个价格包含早餐。 2. include + doing（后接动词只能用动名词） Your task includes cleaning the room.你的任务包括打扫房间。 二、变形拓展 including /ɪnˈkluːdɪŋ/ 介词：包括（放在名词前） Many fruits, including apples, are rich in vitamins.很多水果，包括苹果，都富含维生素。 included /ɪnˈkluːdɪd/ 形容词：包含在内的（放在名词后）Many fruits, apples included, are rich in vitamins. 【典例】True friendship should understanding，supporting and forgiving each other in daily life.（　　） A．manage B．design C．discuss D．include 【即练1】A good recycling program should steps like collecting and reusing.（　　） A．rise B．hold C．include D．hide 【即练2】President Xi delivered the report at a time when the world is facing challenges ____________COVID19，climate change，poverty，energy and food safety.（　　） A． against B． except C． for D． including 【即练3】Many students joined the volunteer activity， three from our class.（　　） A．including B．included C．to include D．include 4 Each ecosystem has a role to play and helps keep the balance between all its members and the greater environment. 每一个生态系统都有其自身作用，助力维持系统内所有生物与整体大环境之间的平衡。 【详解】balance 英 /ˈbæləns/ 美 /ˈbæləns/ 两种词性：名词 n. / 动词 v. 一、作名词 n. （本句用法） 含义 1：平衡；均衡（生态、身体、局势） 搭配： · keep the balance of nature 维持生态平衡 · lose one’s balance 失去平衡、摔倒 例句： We must protect the balance between animals and plants.我们必须维持动植物之间的平衡。 含义 2：余额；差额（金钱） bank balance 银行账户余额 含义 3：平衡感 I have good balance. 我平衡感很好。 常用名词短语 1. in balance 处于平衡状态 2. out of balance 失衡 3. strike a balance between A and B在 A 和 B 之间取得平衡 strike a balance between study and rest 平衡学习与休息 二、作动词 v. 平衡；权衡 1. 使保持平衡 Can you balance a book on your head?你能把一本书顶在头上不掉吗？ 2. 权衡、兼顾 balance work and life 平衡工作与生活 三、变形 1. balanced adj. 平衡的；均衡的 a balanced ecosystem 平衡的生态系统 a balanced diet 均衡的饮食 2. unbalanced adj. 失衡的；不平衡的 【典例】—I study all day and never have time to relax. —All work and no play makes Jack a dull boy. You should keep a ________ between study and rest.（　　） A．secret B．diary C．balance D．silence 【即练1】—I want to learn to skate but find it difficult to ______. —Don't worry. Practice makes perfect. All that you need is more practice.（　　） A．fall over B． keep my balance C．fall behind D．keep healthy 【即练2】—What do you think is the best way to stay healthy？ —Doing exercise and keeping a ______ diet.（　　） A．sweet B．delicious C．balanced D．heavy 5. It covers around 71% of the earth’s surface and produces about 70% of the earth’s oxygen. 它覆盖地球表面约 71%，并产生地球上大约 70% 的氧气。 【详解】produce 动词：英 /prəˈdjuːs/ 美 /prəˈduːs/名词：英 /ˈprɒdjuːs/ 美 /ˈprɑːduːs/ 重音不同，词性、意思完全不同 一、动词 v. /prəˈdjuːs/ 1. 产生；生成（气体、热量、氧气、能量等） Trees produce fresh air. 树木产生新鲜空气。 2. 生产；制造（产品、粮食） This factory produces cars. 这家工厂生产汽车。 Farmers produce rice. 农民种植水稻。 3. 创作；出品（电影、节目） produce a movie 制作电影 4. 出示；拿出 Please produce your ID card. 请出示身份证。 常用搭配 · produce electricity 发电 · produce heat 产生热量 · produce results 产生成效 二、名词 n. /ˈprɒdjuːs/ 不可数, 含义：农产品（果蔬、生鲜），不指工业产品 fresh produce 新鲜果蔬 三、变形拓展 1. product /ˈprɒdʌkt/n. 产品（工业成品）factory products 工厂产品 2. production n. 生产；产量；制作mass production 大批量生产 3. producer n. 生产者；制片人 4. productive adj. 多产的；高效的a productive day 充实高效的一天 【典例】Solar panels（太阳能板） on the roof electricity for the whole building，reducing the use of coal power.（　　） A．produce B．recycle C．burn D．waste 【即练1】The new energy cars ________ fewer harmful gases，making the air much cleaner.（　　） A．produce B．burn C．recycle D．waste 【即练2】—With the government's support，the new factory has started to increase the ______of electric cars in our city to provide more jobs and greener transportation for local people. —That's really good news for both the economy and the environment.（　　） A．contribution B．pollution C．production D．invention 【即练3】It's important to check the date of food before buying.（　　） A．make B．produce C．production D．making 6. It holds plenty of water…它储存着大量的水…… 【详解】hold 英 /həʊld/ 美 /hoʊld/过去式 / 过去分词：held /held/ 一、本句含义：容纳；储存；装得下 It holds plenty of water.它储存 / 容纳大量的水。 指物体内部可承载某物，侧重容量。 例： This bucket holds five litres. 这个桶能装 5 升。 二、高频核心词义 握住；拿住 Hold my hand. 拉住我的手。 支撑；托住The roof holds heavy snow. 屋顶承受大雪。 保持（某种状态）hold the balance 维持平衡hold silence 保持安静 举办（活动）hold a meeting 开会hold a competition 举办比赛 持有；拥有hold a ticket 持有票hold an opinion 持有观点 守住；坚持Hold on! 等等 / 坚持住！ 三、必考短语 hold on① 稍等（打电话）② 坚持，挺住 hold on to 紧紧抓住；保留 hold back 抑制（情绪）；阻挡 hold up① 举起② 耽搁，延误 hold out 伸出；坚持到底 【典例】—Where can you put so many books？ —Look at the shelf. It is big enough to ________ all of them.（　　） A．store B．hold C．avoid D．solve 【即练1】—The museum will a new robot show next month. —Great! I can't wait to see it.（　　） A．bite B．hold C．drop D．check 【即练2】—I'm afraid this shelf isn't strong enough to ________ all these books. —Sorry，I will take away some of them.（　　） A．hold up B．give up C．put up D．clean up 【即练3】—The old bridge looks weak. Can it the weight of the truck？ —Don't worry. It's stronger than it seems.（　　） A．hold B．lose C．raise D．add 7. Wetlands can prevent floods. 湿地能够抵御洪水。 【详解】prevent 英 /prɪˈvent/ 美 /prɪˈvent/ 动词 v. 一、核心含义 预防；阻止；防止,指采取措施，让不好的事情不发生。 用法 1：prevent + 名词（直接加事物，最简单） We should prevent pollution.我们应当预防污染。 用法 2：prevent sb./sth. from doing sth.阻止某人 / 某物做某事（必考搭配）from 不能省略，后面动词用 ing 形式 1. Trees prevent soil from running away.树木防止水土流失。 2. Rain prevented us from going out.下雨让我们没法出门。 二、变形拓展 1. prevention n. 预防；防止（名词）flood prevention 防洪disease prevention 疾病预防 2. preventive adj. 预防性的preventive measures 预防措施 【典例】—Many people watched the movie Pegasus（飞驰人生） during the Spring Festival. —Yes. I admire Zhang Chi. Nothing can the hero from going after his racing dream.（　　） A．prevent B．protect C．promise D．produce 【即练1】—Australia passed a law in November，2024 to people under 16 using social media. —It's a good way to ensure the safety of teenagers.（　　） A．avoid B．keep C．prevent D．protect 【即练2】The medicine can ______ the spread of the disease.（　　） A．prevent B．protect C．prepare D．practise 8. Forests make up nearly a third of the earth’s land area. 森林约占地球陆地面积的三分之一。 【详解】make up本句含义：（比例、数量）占 用法：A make (s) up + 比例 + of B A 占 B 的…… 例句：Women make up half of the students.女生占学生总数的一半。 拓展 make up 其他常用意思： · 编造：make up a story 编故事 · 和好：make up with friends 和朋友和好 · 化妆：make up one’s face 化妆 · 组成：These parts make up the machine. 这些零件组成这台机器。 【典例】The blue sky，clear lakes and special rocks in Yunnan _______ a wonderful picture of nature.（　　） A．put up B．make up C．set up D．take up 【即练1】As the World City of Literature，Nanjing gives students chances to stories of their hometown.（　　） A．stay up B．sign up C．pick up D．make up 【即练2】In English classes，we're often told to _________ dialogues in pairs.（　　） A．take up B．send up C．turn up D．make up 9. They also trap harmful things in their leaves and help clean the air. 它们还能把有害物质吸附在树叶中，帮助净化空气。 【详解】harmful 英 /ˈhɑːmfl/ 美 /ˈhɑːrmfl/形容词 adj. 有害的 1. 词根拆解 harm (n. 伤害，危害) + ful（形容词后缀，充满… 的） harm = 伤害 harmful = 带来伤害的 → 有害的 2. 核心固定搭配（必考） be harmful to + 名词 对…… 有害 例句： Smoke is harmful to our health.烟雾对我们的健康有害。 Harmful gases are bad for wetlands.有害气体对湿地不利。 3. 单词变形全家桶 1. harm n./v. 伤害，损害（名词、动词）do harm to… = be harmful to… 对…… 有害 Too much sun does harm to skin.暴晒伤害皮肤。 2. harmless adj. 无害的（反义词）These small insects are harmless.这些小虫是无害的。 3. harmfully adv. 有害地 4. harmfulness n. 危害性 【典例】Although people don't like some insects，many of them are not ________ to humans and even play important roles in the environment.（　　） A．harmful B．careful C．wonderful D．helpful 【即练1】—Why do some students look sleepy？ —Because they stay up late. Actually，staying up late too often is to their health.（　　） A．careful B．helpful C．harmful D．cruel 【即练2】—I drink soft drinks almost every day. —That might ________ your health. You should try to drink more water.（　　） A．develop B．harm C．control D．check 【即练3】—The polluted air does great ______ to the trees. —Yes. It is also ______ to the birds.（　　） A．harm；harm B．harm；harmful C．harmful；harmful D．harmful；harm 10. Little rain and too much sunshine make deserts dry. 稀少的降雨加上过量的日照，使得沙漠十分干旱。 【详解】too much + 不可数名词 含义：太多……（修饰不能拆分计数的名词：水、阳光、雨、时间等） 例： too much rain 太多雨水 too much water 太多水 too much noise 太多噪音 补充：too much 还可单独作代词（后面不加名词） You drink too much. 你喝太多了。 短语 后接成分 含义 例句 too many 可数名词复数 太多……（数量多） There are too many rocks in the desert. too much 不可数名词 也可单独使用 太多……（量多） too much sunshine 强烈日照 You worry too much. much too 形容词 / 副词 实在太……（程度深） The desert is much too dry. 【典例】I eat this kind of dish because I think it 's sweet for me and it has sugar in it.（　　） A．seldom；too much；much too B．always；too many；too much C．hardly；much too；too much D．usually；much too；too many 【即练1】—I like apple juice. —Me too. But it's not good to drink ________ of it（　　） A．too many B．many too C．too much D．much too 【即练2】Jack ate ______ junk food. So he has a very sore throat now.（　　） A．too much B．much too C．too many D．many too 【即练3】The noise﹣maker is having ______ fun creating fear in the neighbourhood.（　　） A．too much B．much too C．too many D．many too 【即练4】There were ________ people in the park last Sunday. It was too crowded.（　　） A．too much B．too many C．much too D．many too 一、单项选择 1．The strange sounds coming from the old house ______ a feeling of mystery and make the children a little scared.（　　） A．cancel B．create C．control D．complete 2．We should take an ______ part in some ______as long as they are good for us.（　　） A．actively；activity B．active；activities C．actively；activities D．actively；action 3．—What's the basic structure of the sentence "Our English teacher sometimes tells us interesting stories in class."？ —It is ________.（　　） A．S+V+P B．S+V+IO+DO C．S+V+O D．S+V+DO+OC 4．What is the sentence structure of "Eddie is watching Hobo work."？（　　） A．S+V+O B．S+V+IO+DO C．S+V+P D．S+V+O+OC 5．It's kind of you ________ so much useful information ________ me.（　　） A．to provide；for B．providing；for C．to provide；with D．providing；with 6．—Why do you like living in the countryside？ — Because I can ______fresh air. Moreover，it is quiet there.（　　） A．take in B．take out C．take up D．take away 7．—Where is the School English Speech Contest going to be held tonight？ —I'm not sure. Is it in the hall that can______ 300 people？（　　） A．hide B．happen C．hold D．hunt 8．A wrong way of washing hands may______ health problems.（　　） A．improve B．drop C．cause D．breathe 9．Remember to return the book to the school library in time， you will be fined（罚款）．（　　） A．or B．and C．but D．so 10．We are wondering whether we can prevent people from the earth.（　　） A．polluting B．to pollute C．polluted D．pollute 二、用所给词的适当形式填空 1．To protect the environment，we should prevent people 　 　 （throw） rubbish carelessly. 2．Zhalong Nature Reserve is an important 　 　 （live） area for wildlife. 3．We must take 　 　 （act） to protect the environment. 4．If you are not feeling at your best，you can try out some 　 　 colour clothes. （difference） 5．If you have a 　 　 （balance） diet，you will stay healthy. 6． She looked at herself in the mirror and 　 　 （sad） found that she had some white hair. 7． Some animals and plants disappeared in the area because of 　 　 （pollute）. 8．You should not eat too much food. It is very 　 　 （harm） to your health. 9． The ocean covers about two thirds of the 　 　 （earth） surface. 10．Edison was a great inventor and he 　 　 （create） many new things for the whole world in his life. 三、阅读理解 Water is important for all living things on Earth. The water cycle （循环） is a natural process that takes water from the ground and the sky and brings it back to the Earth again. It is a cycle that happens the whole year and is most active （活跃的） from March to June in China. In this article，we will learn about the water cycle and discuss its importance for Earth. The water cycle always begins with water vapour （蒸汽）.When it's hot outside，you can see clouds forming （形成） in the sky. These clouds are made of water vapour that comes from the ground，plants and rivers. As water vapour rises into the sky，it cools down and becomes clouds. After that，clouds travel through the sky and fall back to Earth as rain or snow. Then，water runs through rivers and oceans and finally comes back to the Earth again in different forms like rainwater or snow. The water cycle is important in protecting our Earth's climate （气候）.It provides us with water to drink and keeps our climate healthy. On top of that，it takes water from rivers and oceans and brings it to the areas that don't have enough water. Without the cycle，we would face many problems. When there is too much water in one place，it becomes a flood. When water is badly in need，it becomes a drought. Besides，water vapour can take heat from the sun and keep our Earth cool. The water cycle is a natural process that keeps our Earth alive. It's important for plants and animals to drink water and for our rivers to stay flowing with water. Understanding the water cycle can help us enjoy the beauty of nature，know how our Earth works and find better ways to protect our Earth and that is our duty. （1）Which season has the most active water cycle in China？ A.Spring. B.Summer. C.Autumn. D.Winter. （2）Which is the RIGHT order of the water cycle according to the passage？ a.Water comes back to the ground. b.Rain or snow falls down. c.Water vapour rises up. d.Clouds are formed in the sky. A.c﹣b﹣d﹣a B.c﹣d﹣b﹣a C.d﹣c﹣b﹣a D.d﹣b﹣c﹣a （3）Why is the water cycle important？ A.Because it brings people warm weather. B.Because it cleans the air and the ground. C.Because it makes the climate healthy. D.Because it shows the beauty of nature. （4）Which shows the structure of the passage？ A. B. C. D. 四、短文还原 Think about a world without insects（昆虫）.It might sound nice at first. There would be no flies in your room. （1）　 　 The number of insects is becoming less and less，according to British biologist Dave Goulson."In the 27 years from 1989 to 2016，the number of insects fell by 75 per cent，"Goulson wrote.（2）　 　 They are bad for the places that insects live in. What would happen without insects？（3）　 　 But the results would be far﹣reaching（影响深远的）.We need insects to pollinate crops（给庄稼授粉）.They also break down dead plants and animals and turn them into new useful things. We need them to keep the soil（土壤） healthy and do much more.（4）　 　 They would go hungry and die. The ecosystem would be off balance. "The first step to stop this is to let more people understand the values（价值） of the natural world，"Goulson said."（5）　 　 We should encourage them to protect the environment from an early age." A.Why did the number of insects fall？ B.It's almost impossible to give an exact answer. C.But in fact，this could be really bad news. D.The best place to start is our children. E.Without insects many animals would have nothing to eat. F.Scientists say the main reason for this is the use of pesticides（农药）. 18 / 18 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 第07讲 Unit 7 The natural world （知识全梳理&考点精准练） 内容导航 01 预习航标→ 析目标·明方向：预习导航精准定向 02 教材全解 → 析教材·学新知：情境概念深度构 考点精讲：聚焦常考要点，讲清逻辑 例题精析：典型题目带路，学会解题思路 即练固基：趁热打铁练一练，巩固刚学内容 03过关检测 → 练考点·强落实：过关检测分层提 关键词 学习目标导航 学习目标 1. 能识别并朗读与自然生态系统相关的词汇。 2. 能理解表达描述生态系统的核心句型：如…play an important role in…, …is becoming…because of… 3. 能在听力活动中准确捕捉关键信息（如扎龙和盐城自然保护区的相关信息、湿地对生态平衡的重要意义、湿地目前面临的问题和采取的保护措施等），正确使用S+V+O+O和S+V+O+C句型及连词and、but、or和so，谈论更多生态系统的相关信息。 4. 综合运用话题词汇和语篇结构知识与表达，撰写一篇文章，呼吁人们保护特定生态系统，积极参与环保活动，实现与自然的和谐共生。 学习重点 1. 掌握介绍生态系统的分布、功能、重要性、面临的问题、应采取的措施的核心句型及应答； 2. 正确使用S+V+O+O和S+V+O+C句型及连词and、but、or和so。 学习难点 1. 介绍生态系统的分布、功能、重要性、面临的问题、应采取的措施； 2. 在语境中准确运用S+V+O+O和S+V+O+C句型及连词and、but、or和so。 1. To treat the earth kindly is to treat oneself kindly. 善待地球，就是善待我们自己。 【详解】treat /triːt/ 一、作动词 v.（三大核心考点含义） 含义 1：对待（本句用法） 搭配：treat sb./sth. + 副词（kindly /well/badly） 例句： Don’t treat animals badly. 不要虐待动物。 含义 2：治疗，医治 treat a disease 治疗疾病 The doctor treated his wound. 医生处理了他的伤口。 含义 3：请客；款待 固定搭配：treat sb. to sth. 请某人吃 / 享用某物 I’ll treat you to dinner. 我请你吃饭。 二、作名词 n. /triːt/款待，请客 It’s my treat. 我请客。 开心的小事、美食 a special treat 一份特别的小点心 三、易混辨析：treat /cure 单词 侧重点 treat 侧重 “治疗过程”，不一定治好 cure 侧重 “治愈、根除疾病” The doctor treated me and cured my cold.医生为我治疗，治好了我的感冒。 四、高频固定搭配 treat sb. kindly /well 善待某人 treat sb. badly 虐待某人 treat sb. to sth. 请客，招待某人 treat an illness 治病 It’s my treat. 我买单，我请客 五、变形 treatment n. 治疗；对待，待遇 medical treatment 医疗救治 【典例】I have found lots of vets （兽医） to ________ my dog，but no one can ________ it. （　　） A．treat；treat B．treat；cure C．cure；cure D．cure；treat 【答案】B 【详解】treat侧重"治疗"的过程，cure侧重"治愈"的结果。根据"found lots of vets"（找了很多兽医）可知是找兽医进行"治疗"，而根据后半句中转折词but可知，兽医做了诊治的过程，却没办法实现痊愈，填treat；cure。 故选：B。 【即练1】— Why not go out for dinner？My________ this time! — Great! Thank you.（　　） A．trick B．taste C．check D．treat 【答案】D 【详解】trick诡计；taste味道；check检查/账单；treat招待/请客。根据前句Why not go out for dinner？（为什么不出去吃晚饭呢？）及答语Thank you.（谢谢你。）可知，说话人主动提出买单，My treat为固定搭配，意为"我请客"，符合语境。 故选：D。 【即练2】—Our parents will take us to Disney as a special______! —Can't wait!（　　） A． expression B．warmth C．treat D．happiness 【答案】C 【详解】 expression表情，表达；warmth温暖；treat款待，对待；happiness快乐、幸福。根据"我们的父母要带我们去迪斯尼，作为对我们的特别款待!"可知treat符合语境。 故选：C。 【即练3】I want to ________ my best friend to beef dumplings.（　　） A．hang B．become C．laugh D．treat 【答案】D 【详解】hang悬挂；become成为；laugh笑；treat请客。根据"my best friend to beef dumplings"（我最好的朋友吃牛肉饺子）可知，此处是指请最好的朋友吃牛肉饺子，考查treat sb.to sth."请某人吃"，动词短语。 故选：D。 2.And the difference in temperature between day and night is huge. 而且昼夜温差很大。 【详解】difference 英 /ˈdɪfrəns/ 美 /ˈdɪfrəns/ n. (名词) 一、核心含义 1. 差别，差异，不同之处（最常用） 搭配： · difference between A and B A 和 B 之间的差别 Your eyes are the only difference between us.你眼睛是我们俩唯一的不同。 · difference in + 名词：在…… 方面的差异 difference in temperature 温差 difference in age 年龄差 2. 差额，差值（数字、金额） What’s the difference between 10 and 15?10 和 15 的差值是多少？ 3. 分歧，不和 settle our differences 化解我们的矛盾 二、常用固定短语 1. make a difference 有影响，起作用 Every small effort makes a difference.每一份小小的努力都很有用。 2. make no difference 无所谓，没影响 It makes no difference to me. 对我来说无所谓。 3. tell the difference 分辨出不同 I can’t tell the difference. 我分不出来。 三、变形拓展 1. 形容词：different /ˈdɪfrənt/ 不同的 搭配：be different from… 与…… 不同 Cities are different from villages. 城市和乡村不一样。 2. 副词：differently 不同地 We think differently. 我们想法不一样。 3. 动词：differ 有区别；持不同意见 Our opinions differ. 我们观点不同。 【典例】—Bamboo green or olive green？The picture shows us the cultural ______. —Exactly. We can tell the two ladies disagree with each other.（　　） A．subject B．difference C．bridge D．interest 【答案】B 【详解】 subject 话题，学科；difference差异，不同；bridge桥梁；interest兴趣，都是名词。根据后句句意"确实如此。我们可以看出两位女士之间存在分歧"和选项提示可知，前句句意为"竹绿色还是橄榄绿色？这张图片向我们展示了文化差异"，要选"差异，不同"，其它选项语意不通。 故选：B。 【即练1】—Jim，can you tell me the ________ between the two cups？ —Sorry，I can't. I think they look the same.（　　） A．difference B．activity C．problem D．surprise 【答案】A 【详解】difference差异；activity活动；problem问题；surprise惊讶。根据"between the two cups"（两个杯子之间）以及"Sorry，I can't.I think they look the same."（抱歉，我不能。我觉得它们看起来一样。）可知是看不出两个杯子之间的差异。 故选：A。 【即练2】If everyone does something，we can ______to the environment.（　　） A．make a difference B．turn into C．fight against D．separate into 【答案】A 【详解】make a difference产生巨大改变；turn into变成；fight against与…作斗争；separate into分成。根据If everyone does something（如果每个人都做些什么）可知，如果每个人都做些什么，我们就能对环境产生影响。。 故选：A。 3. An ecosystem includes all the living and non-living things in an area. 一个生态系统包含某一区域内所有生物与非生物。 【详解】include 英 /ɪnˈkluːd/ 美 /ɪnˈkluːd/ v. 动词（及物动词，后面直接加宾语） 一、核心含义 包含；包括 指整体里面含有一部分人 / 事物，只是列举其中一部分，不是全部。 基础句型 1. 主语 + include + 名词 / 代词 例句： The price includes breakfast.这个价格包含早餐。 2. include + doing（后接动词只能用动名词） Your task includes cleaning the room.你的任务包括打扫房间。 二、变形拓展 including /ɪnˈkluːdɪŋ/ 介词：包括（放在名词前） Many fruits, including apples, are rich in vitamins.很多水果，包括苹果，都富含维生素。 included /ɪnˈkluːdɪd/ 形容词：包含在内的（放在名词后）Many fruits, apples included, are rich in vitamins. 【典例】True friendship should understanding，supporting and forgiving each other in daily life.（　　） A．manage B．design C．discuss D．include 【答案】D 【详解】A、manage管理；设法做到；B、design设计；规划；C、discuss讨论；D、include包含；包括。根据understanding，supporting and forgiving each other in daily life.（在日常生活中相互理解、支持与包容。）可知，真正的友谊在日常生活中应当包含相互理解、支持与包容。 故选：D。 【即练1】A good recycling program should steps like collecting and reusing.（　　） A．rise B．hold C．include D．hide 【答案】C 【详解】A．上升；B．持有；C．包括；D．隐藏。根据A good recycling program（一个好的回收计划）可知，此处是一个好的回收计划应该包括收集和再利用等步骤。 故选：C。 【即练2】President Xi delivered the report at a time when the world is facing challenges ____________COVID19，climate change，poverty，energy and food safety.（　　） A． against B． except C． for D． including 【答案】D 【详解】against反对；except除了；for为了；including包括。根据"习主席在世界面临......新冠肺炎、气候变化、贫困、能源和食品安全等挑战之际发表了这份报告。"可知，应该是"包括"，填介词including。 故选：D。 【即练3】Many students joined the volunteer activity， three from our class.（　　） A．including B．included C．to include D．include 【答案】A 【详解】A．including：包括……在内；B．included：被包括在内的；C．to include：将会包括；D．include：包括；包含。前半句 "Many students joined the volunteer activity" 是完整主句（主语 + 谓语 + 宾语），后半句 "three from our class" 是对主句主语的补充说明，需填入符合逻辑的连接词 / 非谓语动词。A 选项 "including"：介词，意为 "包括……在内"，后接名词 / 代词作宾语，可置于被补充说明的名词后，符合 "主句 +，including + 补充成分" 的结构。 故选：A。 4 Each ecosystem has a role to play and helps keep the balance between all its members and the greater environment. 每一个生态系统都有其自身作用，助力维持系统内所有生物与整体大环境之间的平衡。 【详解】balance 英 /ˈbæləns/ 美 /ˈbæləns/ 两种词性：名词 n. / 动词 v. 一、作名词 n. （本句用法） 含义 1：平衡；均衡（生态、身体、局势） 搭配： · keep the balance of nature 维持生态平衡 · lose one’s balance 失去平衡、摔倒 例句： We must protect the balance between animals and plants.我们必须维持动植物之间的平衡。 含义 2：余额；差额（金钱） bank balance 银行账户余额 含义 3：平衡感 I have good balance. 我平衡感很好。 常用名词短语 1. in balance 处于平衡状态 2. out of balance 失衡 3. strike a balance between A and B在 A 和 B 之间取得平衡 strike a balance between study and rest 平衡学习与休息 二、作动词 v. 平衡；权衡 1. 使保持平衡 Can you balance a book on your head?你能把一本书顶在头上不掉吗？ 2. 权衡、兼顾 balance work and life 平衡工作与生活 三、变形 1. balanced adj. 平衡的；均衡的 a balanced ecosystem 平衡的生态系统 a balanced diet 均衡的饮食 2. unbalanced adj. 失衡的；不平衡的 【典例】—I study all day and never have time to relax. —All work and no play makes Jack a dull boy. You should keep a ________ between study and rest.（　　） A．secret B．diary C．balance D．silence 【答案】C 【详解】secret秘密；diary日记；balance平衡；silence沉默。根据"All work and no play makes Jack a dull boy. You should keep a...between study and rest."（只工作不玩耍，聪明孩子也变傻。你应该在学习和休息之间保持一种……。）可知，此处表示要在学习和休息之间保持平衡，keep a balance"保持平衡"，应填balance。 故选：C。 【即练1】—I want to learn to skate but find it difficult to ______. —Don't worry. Practice makes perfect. All that you need is more practice.（　　） A．fall over B． keep my balance C．fall behind D．keep healthy 【答案】B 【详解】fall over：意为 "摔倒"，如果是 "很难摔倒"，与学滑冰的语境逻辑不符。keep my balance：意为 "保持平衡"，学滑冰时最常见的困难就是难以保持平衡，符合 "需要更多练习" 的语境。fall behind：意为 "落后"，通常用于表示在学习、比赛等进程中落后于他人，与滑冰时的直接动作困难无关。keep healthy：意为 "保持健康"，学滑冰与保持健康之间没有 "难以做到" 的直接关联。 故选：B。 【即练2】—What do you think is the best way to stay healthy？ —Doing exercise and keeping a ______ diet.（　　） A．sweet B．delicious C．balanced D．heavy 【答案】C 【详解】sweet（甜的）；delicious（美味的）；balanced均衡的；heavy（油腻的 / 重的）；根据Doing exercise（做运动）可知，此处是做运动并且保持均衡的饮食。 故选：C。 5. It covers around 71% of the earth’s surface and produces about 70% of the earth’s oxygen. 它覆盖地球表面约 71%，并产生地球上大约 70% 的氧气。 【详解】produce 动词：英 /prəˈdjuːs/ 美 /prəˈduːs/名词：英 /ˈprɒdjuːs/ 美 /ˈprɑːduːs/ 重音不同，词性、意思完全不同 一、动词 v. /prəˈdjuːs/ 1. 产生；生成（气体、热量、氧气、能量等） Trees produce fresh air. 树木产生新鲜空气。 2. 生产；制造（产品、粮食） This factory produces cars. 这家工厂生产汽车。 Farmers produce rice. 农民种植水稻。 3. 创作；出品（电影、节目） produce a movie 制作电影 4. 出示；拿出 Please produce your ID card. 请出示身份证。 常用搭配 · produce electricity 发电 · produce heat 产生热量 · produce results 产生成效 二、名词 n. /ˈprɒdjuːs/ 不可数, 含义：农产品（果蔬、生鲜），不指工业产品 fresh produce 新鲜果蔬 三、变形拓展 1. product /ˈprɒdʌkt/n. 产品（工业成品）factory products 工厂产品 2. production n. 生产；产量；制作mass production 大批量生产 3. producer n. 生产者；制片人 4. productive adj. 多产的；高效的a productive day 充实高效的一天 【典例】Solar panels（太阳能板） on the roof electricity for the whole building，reducing the use of coal power.（　　） A．produce B．recycle C．burn D．waste 【答案】A 【详解】A.produce 产生；B.recycle 回收利用；C.burn 燃烧；D.waste 浪费；根据主语"Solar panels"（太阳能板）和宾语"electricity"（电力）的搭配关系，结合常识可知太阳能板的作用是"产生"电能，从而减少对煤炭发电的依赖，produce符合语境。 故选：A。 【即练1】The new energy cars ________ fewer harmful gases，making the air much cleaner.（　　） A．produce B．burn C．recycle D．waste 【答案】A 【详解】produce产生；burn燃烧；recycle回收；waste浪费。根据"making the air much cleaner"（使空气更加清洁。）可知，新能源汽车对空气污染少，即"产生"的有害气体更少，produce符合语境。 故选：A。 【即练2】—With the government's support，the new factory has started to increase the ______of electric cars in our city to provide more jobs and greener transportation for local people. —That's really good news for both the economy and the environment.（　　） A．contribution B．pollution C．production D．invention 【答案】C 【详解】A贡献；B污染；C生产，产量；D发明。根据to provide more jobs and greener transportation for local people.（为当地人提供更多就业岗位与更环保的出行方式。）可知，此处是这家新工厂开始提高我市电动汽车的产量。 故选：C。 【即练3】It's important to check the date of food before buying.（　　） A．make B．produce C．production D．making 【答案】C 【详解】 make制作；produce生产；production产品；making制作。空格前面的词语是定冠词，所以要用名词来填空。可知，在购买之前，检查食品的生产日期是重要的。 故选：C。 6. It holds plenty of water…它储存着大量的水…… 【详解】hold 英 /həʊld/ 美 /hoʊld/过去式 / 过去分词：held /held/ 一、本句含义：容纳；储存；装得下 It holds plenty of water.它储存 / 容纳大量的水。 指物体内部可承载某物，侧重容量。 例： This bucket holds five litres. 这个桶能装 5 升。 二、高频核心词义 握住；拿住 Hold my hand. 拉住我的手。 支撑；托住The roof holds heavy snow. 屋顶承受大雪。 保持（某种状态）hold the balance 维持平衡hold silence 保持安静 举办（活动）hold a meeting 开会hold a competition 举办比赛 持有；拥有hold a ticket 持有票hold an opinion 持有观点 守住；坚持Hold on! 等等 / 坚持住！ 三、必考短语 hold on① 稍等（打电话）② 坚持，挺住 hold on to 紧紧抓住；保留 hold back 抑制（情绪）；阻挡 hold up① 举起② 耽搁，延误 hold out 伸出；坚持到底 【典例】—Where can you put so many books？ —Look at the shelf. It is big enough to ________ all of them.（　　） A．store B．hold C．avoid D．solve 【答案】B 【详解】store储存；hold容纳；avoid避免；solve解决。根据前句"Where can you put so many books"（你能把这么多书放在哪里？）可知，此处强调书架足够大，能"装下、容纳"所有书，应填hold。 故选：B。 【即练1】—The museum will a new robot show next month. —Great! I can't wait to see it.（　　） A．bite B．hold C．drop D．check 【答案】B 【详解】bite 咬；hold举行；drop 掉落；check 检查；hold a show/exhibition 举办展览、演出，此处是举办一场新的机器人展览。 故选：B。 【即练2】—I'm afraid this shelf isn't strong enough to ________ all these books. —Sorry，I will take away some of them.（　　） A．hold up B．give up C．put up D．clean up 【答案】A 【详解】A.hold up支撑；B.give up放弃；C.put up张贴，搭建；D.clean up清理；根据答语"对不起，我会拿走一些"及题干中"这个架子不够结实"，可知此处表示架子无法"支撑"这么多书的重量，hold up符合语境。 故选：A。 【即练3】—The old bridge looks weak. Can it the weight of the truck？ —Don't worry. It's stronger than it seems.（　　） A．hold B．lose C．raise D．add 【答案】A 【详解】hold支撑…的重量；lose丢失；raise上升；add增加。根据前句"这座旧桥看起来不结实。"可知，应是问它能承受卡车的重量吗？ 故选：A。 7. Wetlands can prevent floods. 湿地能够抵御洪水。 【详解】prevent 英 /prɪˈvent/ 美 /prɪˈvent/ 动词 v. 一、核心含义 预防；阻止；防止,指采取措施，让不好的事情不发生。 用法 1：prevent + 名词（直接加事物，最简单） We should prevent pollution.我们应当预防污染。 用法 2：prevent sb./sth. from doing sth.阻止某人 / 某物做某事（必考搭配）from 不能省略，后面动词用 ing 形式 1. Trees prevent soil from running away.树木防止水土流失。 2. Rain prevented us from going out.下雨让我们没法出门。 二、变形拓展 1. prevention n. 预防；防止（名词）flood prevention 防洪disease prevention 疾病预防 2. preventive adj. 预防性的preventive measures 预防措施 【典例】—Many people watched the movie Pegasus（飞驰人生） during the Spring Festival. —Yes. I admire Zhang Chi. Nothing can the hero from going after his racing dream.（　　） A．prevent B．protect C．promise D．produce 【答案】A 【详解】A阻止；B保护；C承诺；D生产。根据going after his racing dream（追求他的赛车梦想）可知，此处是没有什么能阻止这位英雄追求他的赛车梦想。prevent sb.from doing sth.阻止某人做某事。 故选：A。 【即练1】—Australia passed a law in November，2024 to people under 16 using social media. —It's a good way to ensure the safety of teenagers.（　　） A．avoid B．keep C．prevent D．protect 【答案】C 【详解】prevent阻止，prevent sb. （from） doing sth.阻止 / 防止某人做某事（符合题意）；avoid 避免；keep 保持；protect 保护。根据It's a good way to ensure the safety of teenagers.（这是保障青少年安全的好办法。）可知，此处是阻止16 岁以下的人使用社交媒体。 故选：C。 【即练2】The medicine can ______ the spread of the disease.（　　） A．prevent B．protect C．prepare D．practise 【答案】A 【详解】A阻止；B保护；C准备；D练习。根据the spread of the disease（疾病的传播）可知此处指"阻止"。 故选：A。 8. Forests make up nearly a third of the earth’s land area. 森林约占地球陆地面积的三分之一。 【详解】make up本句含义：（比例、数量）占 用法：A make (s) up + 比例 + of B A 占 B 的…… 例句：Women make up half of the students.女生占学生总数的一半。 拓展 make up 其他常用意思： · 编造：make up a story 编故事 · 和好：make up with friends 和朋友和好 · 化妆：make up one’s face 化妆 · 组成：These parts make up the machine. 这些零件组成这台机器。 【典例】The blue sky，clear lakes and special rocks in Yunnan _______ a wonderful picture of nature.（　　） A．put up B．make up C．set up D．take up 【答案】B 【详解】put up张贴，悬挂；make up构成；set up建立；takes up开始从事，都是动词短语。根据语境和选项提示可知，此处表述"在云南蓝天、清澈的湖泊和独特的岩石共同构成了一幅美妙的自然画卷"，要选"构成"，其它选项语意不通。 故选：B。 【即练1】As the World City of Literature，Nanjing gives students chances to stories of their hometown.（　　） A．stay up B．sign up C．pick up D．make up 【答案】D 【详解】stay up熬夜；sign up报名；pick up捡起；make up编造，创作。根据语境和空格后面的stories可知，此处表述"为学生们提供了创作家乡故事的机会"，要选"编造，创作"。 故选：D。 【即练2】In English classes，we're often told to _________ dialogues in pairs.（　　） A．take up B．send up C．turn up D．make up 【答案】D 【详解】A.take up开始从事，占据；B.send up发射；C.turn up调高音量，出现；D.make up编造。根据"...dialogues in pairs"（……分组对话）可知，对话是需要编出来的。 故选：D。 9. They also trap harmful things in their leaves and help clean the air. 它们还能把有害物质吸附在树叶中，帮助净化空气。 【详解】harmful 英 /ˈhɑːmfl/ 美 /ˈhɑːrmfl/形容词 adj. 有害的 1. 词根拆解 harm (n. 伤害，危害) + ful（形容词后缀，充满… 的） harm = 伤害 harmful = 带来伤害的 → 有害的 2. 核心固定搭配（必考） be harmful to + 名词 对…… 有害 例句： Smoke is harmful to our health.烟雾对我们的健康有害。 Harmful gases are bad for wetlands.有害气体对湿地不利。 3. 单词变形全家桶 1. harm n./v. 伤害，损害（名词、动词）do harm to… = be harmful to… 对…… 有害 Too much sun does harm to skin.暴晒伤害皮肤。 2. harmless adj. 无害的（反义词）These small insects are harmless.这些小虫是无害的。 3. harmfully adv. 有害地 4. harmfulness n. 危害性 【典例】Although people don't like some insects，many of them are not ________ to humans and even play important roles in the environment.（　　） A．harmful B．careful C．wonderful D．helpful 【答案】A 【详解】harmful有害的；careful小心的；wonderful精彩的；helpful有帮助的。根据句首的Although表示转折，以及后文"even play important roles in the environment"可知，前半句表达的是"许多昆虫对人类没有害处"，not harmful表示"无害的"，符合语境，应填harmful。 故选：A。 【即练1】—Why do some students look sleepy？ —Because they stay up late. Actually，staying up late too often is to their health.（　　） A．careful B．helpful C．harmful D．cruel 【答案】C 【详解】A.careful 小心的；B.helpful 有帮助的；C.harmful 有害的（固定搭配：be harmful to 对……有害）；D.cruel 残忍的。根据staying up late too often（经常熬夜）可知，此处是经常熬夜对他们的健康有害。 故选：C。 【即练2】—I drink soft drinks almost every day. —That might ________ your health. You should try to drink more water.（　　） A．develop B．harm C．control D．check 【答案】B 【详解】develop发展；harm损害；control控制；check检查。根据"You should try to drink more water"（你应该尽量多喝水。）可知，喝软饮料对健康是"有害的"，"harm"符合语境。 故选：B。 【即练3】—The polluted air does great ______ to the trees. —Yes. It is also ______ to the birds.（　　） A．harm；harm B．harm；harmful C．harmful；harmful D．harmful；harm 【答案】B 【详解】harm伤害，名词；harmful有害的，形容词。空一前有形容词great修饰，故应用名词harm；空二在系动词is之后，应用形容词harmful。 故选：B。 10. Little rain and too much sunshine make deserts dry. 稀少的降雨加上过量的日照，使得沙漠十分干旱。 【详解】too much + 不可数名词 含义：太多……（修饰不能拆分计数的名词：水、阳光、雨、时间等） 例： too much rain 太多雨水 too much water 太多水 too much noise 太多噪音 补充：too much 还可单独作代词（后面不加名词） You drink too much. 你喝太多了。 短语 后接成分 含义 例句 too many 可数名词复数 太多……（数量多） There are too many rocks in the desert. too much 不可数名词 也可单独使用 太多……（量多） too much sunshine 强烈日照 You worry too much. much too 形容词 / 副词 实在太……（程度深） The desert is much too dry. 【典例】I eat this kind of dish because I think it 's sweet for me and it has sugar in it.（　　） A．seldom；too much；much too B．always；too many；too much C．hardly；much too；too much D．usually；much too；too many 【答案】C 【详解】seldom很少；always总是；hardly几乎不；usually通常。much too + 形容词 / 副词：太……；too much + 不可数名词：太多……；too many + 可数名词复数：太多……。第一空是我几乎不吃这种菜此处用hardly；第二空是因为它对我来说太甜了，sweet甜的，是形容词，此处用much too；第三空是里面糖分太多。sugar糖，是不可数名词，此处用too many。 故选：C。 【即练1】—I like apple juice. —Me too. But it's not good to drink ________ of it（　　） A．too many B．many too C．too much D．much too 【答案】C 【详解】too many太多，修饰可数名词复数；many too语法错误，无此搭配；too much‌太多，修饰不可数名词，过度，过分，修饰动词；much too过于，非常，修饰形容词或副词。此处是指"喝的过多"，放在动词drink后，用too much‌修饰。 故选：C。 【即练2】Jack ate ______ junk food. So he has a very sore throat now.（　　） A．too much B．much too C．too many D．many too 【答案】A 【详解】too much太多，修饰不可数名词；much too太，修饰形容词或副词；too many太多，修饰可数名词复数；many too错误结构。根据"junk food."垃圾食品，可知，空处修饰不可数名词，用too much。 故选：A。 【即练3】The noise﹣maker is having ______ fun creating fear in the neighbourhood.（　　） A．too much B．much too C．too many D．many too 【答案】A 【详解】too much太多，修饰不可数名词；much too太，修饰形容词或副词；too many太多，修饰可数名词复数；many too错误表达。fun"乐趣"是不可数名词，修饰不可数名词用too much，表示"太多"。 故选：A。 【即练4】There were ________ people in the park last Sunday. It was too crowded.（　　） A．too much B．too many C．much too D．many too 【答案】B 【详解】too much太多，后接不可数名词；too many太多，后接可数名词复数；much too太，后接形容词或副词；many too搭配错误。根据"It was too crowded."（那里太拥挤了。）可知，此处应用too many，表示太多人。 故选：B。 一、单项选择 1．The strange sounds coming from the old house ______ a feeling of mystery and make the children a little scared.（　　） A．cancel B．create C．control D．complete 【答案】B 【详解】cancel取消；create营造；control控制；complete完成。根据The strange sounds coming from the old house…a feeling of mystery and make the children a little scared.（从老房子里传来的奇怪声音……一种神秘的感觉，让孩子们有点害怕。）可知，此处是说"从老房子里传来的奇怪声音营造出一种神秘的感觉，让孩子们有点害怕。" 故选：B。 2．We should take an ______ part in some ______as long as they are good for us.（　　） A．actively；activity B．active；activities C．actively；activities D．actively；action 【答案】B 【详解】actively积极地，是副词；active积极的，是形容词；activity活动，是名词；activities活动，是复数名词；action行为，是名词。第一空是积极参，take an active part in...积极参加……；第二空是我们就应该积极参与一些活动。some加名词复数，选项B符合题意。 故选：B。 3．—What's the basic structure of the sentence "Our English teacher sometimes tells us interesting stories in class."？ —It is ________.（　　） A．S+V+P B．S+V+IO+DO C．S+V+O D．S+V+DO+OC 【答案】B 【详解】S+V+P表示"主语+系动词+表语"；S+V+IO+DO表示"主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语"；S+V+O表示"主语+谓语+宾语"；S+V+DO+OC表示"主语+谓语+直接宾语+宾语补足语"。分析句子可知"Our English teacher"是主语，"tells"是谓语，"us"是间接宾语，"interesting stories"是直接宾语。 故选：B。 4．What is the sentence structure of "Eddie is watching Hobo work."？（　　） A．S+V+O B．S+V+IO+DO C．S+V+P D．S+V+O+OC 【答案】D 【详解】分析句子结构可知：Eddie为主语（S）；is watching为谓语（V）；Hobo为宾语（O）；work为宾语补足语（OC）。所以该句型结构为"主语+谓语+直接宾语+宾语补足语"。 故选：D。 5．It's kind of you ________ so much useful information ________ me.（　　） A．to provide；for B．providing；for C．to provide；with D．providing；with 【答案】A 【详解】It's kind of sb.to do sth."某人做某事真好"，It是形式主语，不定式是真正主语，排除B、D选项。provide"提供"，常用结构：provide sth.for sb./ provide sb.with sth."为某人提供某物"，由"so much useful information"和"me"可知，介词应用for。C不正确。 故选：A。 6．—Why do you like living in the countryside？ — Because I can ______fresh air. Moreover，it is quiet there.（　　） A．take in B．take out C．take up D．take away 【答案】A 【详解】take in吸入；take out取出；take up开始从事、占据；take away拿走。根据"Because I can.....fresh air."（因为我可以.....新鲜空气。）可知，这里需要一个短语表示 "呼吸" 新鲜空气，"take in" 有 "吸入" 的含义，符合语境。 故选：A。 7．—Where is the School English Speech Contest going to be held tonight？ —I'm not sure. Is it in the hall that can______ 300 people？（　　） A．hide B．happen C．hold D．hunt 【答案】C 【详解】A.隐藏；B.发生；C.容纳；D.狩猎。根据Where is the School English Speech Contest going to be held tonight？（今晚的学校英语演讲比赛将在哪里举行？）和Is it in the hall that can______ 300 people？（是在那个能......300人的大厅里吗？）可知，问的是：是在那个能容纳300人的大厅里吗？ 故选：C。 8．A wrong way of washing hands may______ health problems.（　　） A．improve B．drop C．cause D．breathe 【答案】C 【详解】 improve：意为 "提高；改善"，通常用于描述使情况、质量、能力等变得更好，如 "improve one's English"（提高某人的英语水平），"improve the environment"（改善环境）。洗手方式错误不会起到改善健康问题的作用，所以 A 选项不符合语境。drop：有 "落下；降低；放弃" 等意思，比如 "drop the ball"（掉球），"drop the price"（降低价格）。它与健康问题之间不存在合理的逻辑联系，所以 B 选项不正确。cause：意思是 "引起；导致"，"cause health problems" 表示 "引发健康问题"。因为错误的洗手方式很可能会让细菌等残留，从而引发各种健康方面的问题，该选项符合句子的逻辑和语义。breathe：是 "呼吸" 的意思，"breathe air"（呼吸空气），它和错误洗手方式以及健康问题之间没有直接的逻辑关联，所以 D 选项不合适。本句表达错误的洗手方式可能会引发健康问题，因此 cause 符合此空。 故选：C。 9．Remember to return the book to the school library in time， you will be fined（罚款）．（　　） A．or B．and C．but D．so 【答案】A 【详解】A or 否则/或者；B and 和；C but 但是；D so 所以．根据句意，前文表示"记得要及时把书还给学校图书馆"，可知，此空处表示"否则你会被罚款的"，所以空格处填or． 故选：A． 10．We are wondering whether we can prevent people from the earth.（　　） A．polluting B．to pollute C．polluted D．pollute 【答案】A 【详解】polluting污染，动名词；to pollute去污染，动词不定式；polluted污染，动词过去分词；pollute污染，动词原形。结合空格前"from"是介词可知，这里要填动名词，作宾语。 故选：A。 二、用所给词的适当形式填空 1．To protect the environment，we should prevent people 　 　 （throw） rubbish carelessly. 【答案】throwing 【详解】throw扔，是动词。prevent sb.from doing sth.阻止某人做某事。 故填：throwing。 2．Zhalong Nature Reserve is an important 　 　 （live） area for wildlife. 【答案】living 【详解】live生活，动词。living area"生活区"，填形容词living"活着的、活的、在使用的"。 故答案为：living。 3．We must take 　 　 （act） to protect the environment. 【答案】action 【详解】根据句子"to protect the environment（保护环境）"，结合所给词可知，此处考查：take action to do sth，固定搭配，意为"采取行动做某事"符合语境。 故填：action。 4．If you are not feeling at your best，you can try out some 　 　 colour clothes. （difference） 【答案】different 【详解】分析题干可知，此处修饰名词应使用形容词作定语。difference的形容词形式为different"不同的"。 故填：different。 5．If you have a 　 　 （balance） diet，you will stay healthy. 【答案】balanced 【详解】根据英文提示可知，balance"平衡"，名词，此处需要形容词来作定语修饰diet，balance的形容词为balanced。 故填：balanced。 6． She looked at herself in the mirror and 　 　 （sad） found that she had some white hair. 【答案】sadly 【详解】分析句子可知，此处修饰动词found作状语，应使用副词；sad"悲伤的"，形容词，对应的副词是sadly，意为"悲伤地"。 故填：sadly。 7． Some animals and plants disappeared in the area because of 　 　 （pollute）. 【答案】pollution 【详解】pollute污染，动词。空前because of"由于"，后跟不可数名词pollution"污染"。 故答案为：pollution。 8．You should not eat too much food. It is very 　 　 （harm） to your health. 【答案】harmful 【详解】根据所给单词和"It is very"可知，此处应用形容词的形式，作表语。 故填：harmful。 9． The ocean covers about two thirds of the 　 　 （earth） surface. 【答案】earth's 【详解】根据空后surface名词，可知空处应用名词所有格。 故填earth's。 10．Edison was a great inventor and he 　 　 （create） many new things for the whole world in his life. 【答案】created 【详解】create创造，动词。由过去式was可知，句子时态为一般过去时，谓语动词用过去式created。 故答案为：created。 三、阅读理解 Water is important for all living things on Earth. The water cycle （循环） is a natural process that takes water from the ground and the sky and brings it back to the Earth again. It is a cycle that happens the whole year and is most active （活跃的） from March to June in China. In this article，we will learn about the water cycle and discuss its importance for Earth. The water cycle always begins with water vapour （蒸汽）.When it's hot outside，you can see clouds forming （形成） in the sky. These clouds are made of water vapour that comes from the ground，plants and rivers. As water vapour rises into the sky，it cools down and becomes clouds. After that，clouds travel through the sky and fall back to Earth as rain or snow. Then，water runs through rivers and oceans and finally comes back to the Earth again in different forms like rainwater or snow. The water cycle is important in protecting our Earth's climate （气候）.It provides us with water to drink and keeps our climate healthy. On top of that，it takes water from rivers and oceans and brings it to the areas that don't have enough water. Without the cycle，we would face many problems. When there is too much water in one place，it becomes a flood. When water is badly in need，it becomes a drought. Besides，water vapour can take heat from the sun and keep our Earth cool. The water cycle is a natural process that keeps our Earth alive. It's important for plants and animals to drink water and for our rivers to stay flowing with water. Understanding the water cycle can help us enjoy the beauty of nature，know how our Earth works and find better ways to protect our Earth and that is our duty. （1）Which season has the most active water cycle in China？ A.Spring. B.Summer. C.Autumn. D.Winter. （2）Which is the RIGHT order of the water cycle according to the passage？ a.Water comes back to the ground. b.Rain or snow falls down. c.Water vapour rises up. d.Clouds are formed in the sky. A.c﹣b﹣d﹣a B.c﹣d﹣b﹣a C.d﹣c﹣b﹣a D.d﹣b﹣c﹣a （3）Why is the water cycle important？ A.Because it brings people warm weather. B.Because it cleans the air and the ground. C.Because it makes the climate healthy. D.Because it shows the beauty of nature. （4）Which shows the structure of the passage？ A. B. C. D. 【答案】ABCA 【详解】（1）推理判断题。根据文中第1段：It is a cycle that happens the whole year and is most active from March to June in China .（这是一个全年发生的循环，在中国从3月到6月最为活跃。）可知，中国春季的水循环最活跃。故选A。 （2）细节理解题。根据文中第2段：The water cycle always begins with water vapour （蒸汽）.When it's hot outside，you can see clouds forming （形成） in the sky. These clouds are made of water vapour that comes from the ground，plants and rivers. As water vapour rises into the sky，it cools down and becomes clouds.After that，clouds travel through the sky and fall back to Earth as rain or snow. Then，water runs through rivers and oceans and finally comes back to the Earth again in different forms like rainwater or snow.（水循环总是从水蒸汽开始的。当外面很热的时候，你可以看到天空中形成了云朵，这些云朵是由来自地面、植物和河流的水蒸气组成的。当水蒸气上升到天空，冷却后就变成了云。然后，云在天空中流动，最后以雨水或雪的形式落回地球。然后，水流经河流和海洋，最后以雨水或雪水等不同形式再次回到地球。）可知，水循环的正确顺序是：水循环从水蒸气开始—水蒸气遇冷变成云—下雨或下雪—最后水以雨水或雪的形式回到地面。故选B。 （3）细节理解题。根据文中第2段：The water cycle plays an important role in protecting our Earth ' s climate（气候）.（水循环在保护地球气候方面发挥着重要作用。）可知，水循环可以保证气候是健康的。故选C。 （4）篇章结构题。第一段总述水循环的重要性；第二、三段分述水循环有哪些具体的作用；第四段是作者的总结。可知结合选项，故选A。 四、短文还原 Think about a world without insects（昆虫）.It might sound nice at first. There would be no flies in your room. （1）　 　 The number of insects is becoming less and less，according to British biologist Dave Goulson."In the 27 years from 1989 to 2016，the number of insects fell by 75 per cent，"Goulson wrote.（2）　 　 They are bad for the places that insects live in. What would happen without insects？（3）　 　 But the results would be far﹣reaching（影响深远的）.We need insects to pollinate crops（给庄稼授粉）.They also break down dead plants and animals and turn them into new useful things. We need them to keep the soil（土壤） healthy and do much more.（4）　 　 They would go hungry and die. The ecosystem would be off balance. "The first step to stop this is to let more people understand the values（价值） of the natural world，"Goulson said."（5）　 　 We should encourage them to protect the environment from an early age." A.Why did the number of insects fall？ B.It's almost impossible to give an exact answer. C.But in fact，this could be really bad news. D.The best place to start is our children. E.Without insects many animals would have nothing to eat. F.Scientists say the main reason for this is the use of pesticides（农药）. 【答案】CFBED 【详解】（1）细节推理题。根据上文It might sound nice at first. There would be no flies in your room.（开始听起来可能很好。你的房间可能没有苍蝇。）可知，此处说最开始可能很好，可推知后面会发生变化。选项C"但事实上，这可能是一个坏消息。"符合语境。故选C。 （2）细节推理题。根据下文They are bad for the places that insects live in.（它们对昆虫生活的地方有害。）可知，此处是解释昆虫减少的原因。选项F"科学家说，造成这种情况的主要原因是农药的使用。"符合语境。故选F。 （3）细节推理题。根据上文 What would happen without insects？（没有昆虫后会发生什么？）可知，此处是对"没有昆虫后会发生什么"这一问题做出回答。选项B"给出一个确切的答案几乎是不可能的。"符合语境。故选B。 （4）细节推理题。根据下文They would go hungry and die.（它们可能会饥饿而死。）可知此处是描述没有昆虫后对其他动物造成的影响。选项E"没有昆虫，许多动物将没有东西可以吃。"符合语境。故选E。 （5）细节推理题。根据下文We should encourage them to protect the environment from an early age.（我们应该鼓励他们从小就保护环境。）可知，此处是指环境保护应该从很早的年龄做起。选项D"最好的起点是我们的孩子。"符合语境。故选D 18 / 18 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $