期末提分卷（宁波市鄞州区卷）-2025-2026学年人教版八年级英语下册

**基本信息** 立足八年级英语核心素养，融合社会热点（如环保、安全）与文化传承（如中国古代名称演变），梯度设计考查语言理解与表达能力，适配期末综合检测需求。 **题型特征** |题型|题量/分值|知识覆盖|命题特色| |----|-----------|----------|----------| |听力|20题/20分|日常交际、细节捕捉、推理判断|对话情境贴近学生生活（如考试准备、天气询问），独白融入阅读分享主题，考查信息提取能力| |阅读理解|20题/40分|自然灾害安全、中外文化、环保工程、人物故事|A篇聚焦洪水安全规则（语言能力），B篇解析中国古代名称由来（文化意识），任务型阅读结合生活变化对比（思维品质）| |语言运用|40题/40分|词汇辨析、语法应用、篇章补全|完形填空以健康睡眠为主题（学习能力），词汇运用涉及学生压力与动物故事，语法填空探讨爱好对健康的影响，注重语境化语言运用| |书面表达|1题/20分|书信写作、情感表达|以感谢朋友鼓励为情境，要求描述帮助细节与积极改变，考查真实交际中的语言组织能力|

听力考试正式开始。Kelly, do you like to collect postcards? No, I don't, but I love collecting coins. Kelly, do you like to collect postcards? No, I don't, but I love collecting coins. Listen to the next question. When does the school natural safety lecture begin? Two zero zero or two fifteen? It's put off. Fifteen minutes later, I will start up to thirty P. M. When does the school natural safety lecture begin? Two zero zero or two fifteen. it's put off fifteen minutes later. I will start up to thirty PM. Listen to the next question. Bruce. Tomorrow is the day for the final exam this term. Good luck with your exam. I don't need good luck. I need another week to study. Bruce, tomorrow is the day for the final exam this term. Good luck with your exam. I don't need good luck. I need another week to study. Listen to the next question. Grace, do you want to make a baseball team next year? No, i'm going to make a basketball team, but my friend paul wants me to make a volleyball team with him. Grace, do you want to make a baseball team next year? No, i'm going to make a basketball team, but my friend paul wants me to make a volleyball team with him. Listen to the next question. I'd like to go hiking tomorrow. I want to know something about the weather. Oh, IT will be cloudy and windy. You'd Better not go out. Listen to the next question. mary, you don't look well. Are you all right? I really feel tired. What's the matter? I didn't go to sleep until two o'clock in . the morning. Oh, that's too late. What were you doing? nothing. I was so worried about my math test. Well, take IT easy. You'd Better have a rest. Okay, I will. mary. You don't look well. Are you all right? I really feel tired. What's the matter? I didn't . go to sleep until two o'clock in the morning. Oh, that's too late. What were you doing? nothing? I was so worried about my math test. Well, take IT easy. You'd Better have a rest. Okay, I will. Listen to the next question. Hi Linda. How was your dinner at the chinese restaurant yesterday? IT was nice, but I made a mistake. I started eating before everyone was ready. My friend told me its impolite . in china. Oh, I see. In many cultures, you should wait until everyone . is served. Yes. I felt a bit embarrassed, but my friend was nice about IT. SHE said. It's a common mistake for foreigners. That's why it's important to learn about local manners before travelling. When in rome, do as the romans do. You're right. I'll be more careful next time. What other table manners should I know? Well, in china, don't stick your chopsticks upright de in your ball. It's considered bad luck. Thanks for telling me. I'll remember that. Hi Linda. How was your dinner at the chinese restaurant yesterday? IT was nice, but I made a mistake. I started eating before everyone was ready. My friend told me, its impolite . in china. Oh, I see in many cultures, you should wait until everyone . is served. Yes. I felt a bit embarrassed, but my friend was nice about IT. SHE said. It's a common mistake for foreigners. That's why it's important to learn about local manners before travelling. When in rome, do as the . romans do. You're right. I'll be more careful next time. What other table manners should I know? Well, in china, don't stick your chopsticks. Ut, ride in your ball. It's considered bad luck. Thanks for telling me. I'll remember that. Listen to the next question. Reading is a good way to spend a holiday. So my friends and I read some books during the summer holiday. Mark read three books, and his favorite was a friend like Henry. It's about how a dog named Henry helps a boy deal with his illness. Mark parents gave him this book to make him happy after he failed his exam. Tony's favourite book was twenty thousand leaves under the sea. It's about a man's travel under the sea. The story is very interesting and the pictures are fantastic. The book made him relax. Tony loves traveling, so he dreams of being a man like the character in the story. As for me, I read a classical chinese novel. I learned at a laugh from IT. Reading is a good way to spend a holiday, so my friends and I read some books during the summer holiday, mark read three books, and his favourite was a friend like Henry. It's about how a dog named Henry helps a boy deal with his illness. Mark's parents gave him the spoke to make him happy after he failed his exam. Chinese favourite book was twenty thousand leaks under the sea. It's about immense travel under the sea. The story is very interesting and the pictures are fantastic. The book made him relax. Tony loves traveling, so he dreams of being a man like the character in the story. As for me, IDA classical chinese novel. I learned that . a lot from IT. 听力部分到此结束。 2025 -2026学年八年级下学期期末提分卷（宁波市鄞州区卷） 英 语 （考试时间：100分钟 试卷满分：120分） 学校:___________姓名：___________班级：___________考号：___________ 考生注意： 1.本试题卷共10页，满分120分 。考试时间100分钟。 2.答题前，请务必将自己的姓名、准考证号用黑色字迹的签字笔或钢笔分别填写在试题卷和答题纸规定的位置上。 3.答题时，请按照答题纸上“注意事项”的要求，在答题纸相应的位置上规范作答，在本试题卷上的作答一律无效。 4.考试难度：0.75 第一部分 听力 (满分20分) 第一节：听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题。请从题中所给的 A、B、C 三个选项中选出最佳选项，并将答案标在试卷的相应位置。（每小题1分） 1．What does Kelly love collecting? A．Coins. B．Stamps. C．Postcards. 2．When will the school safety lecture start? A．At 2:00 p.m. B．At 2:15 p.m. C．At 2:30 p.m. 3．What does Bruce mean? A．The exam will be easy for him. B．The exam is not important to him. C．He hasn’t prepared for the exam well. 4．What team does Grace want to make next year? A．A baseball team. B．A basketball team. C．A volleyball team. 5．What will the weather be like tomorrow? A．Cloudy and windy. B．Rainy and windy. C．Sunny but cold. 第二节：听下面两段对话。每段对话后有2至3个小题，从题中所给的 A、B、C 三个选项中选出最佳选项，并将答案标在试卷的相应位置。（每小题1.5分） 听下面一段对话，回答两个小题。 6．How does Mary feel now? A．Mad. B．Upset. C．Tired. 7．What was Mary worried about last night? A．Her pet. B．Her maths test. C．Her homework. 请听1段对话，回答各小题。 8．Where did Linda have dinner? A．At home. B．In a Chinese restaurant. C．In an Indian restaurant. 9．What does the boy suggest doing before going abroad? A．Learning the language. B．Making foreign friends. C．Learning about local manners. 10．What can we get from the conversation? A．Linda comes from Italy. B．Linda made a mistake in Chinese table manners. C．Everyone was angry with Linda about her table manners. 第三节：听下面一段独白，独白后有5个小题，从题中所给的 A、B、C 三个选项中选出最佳选项，并将答案标在试卷的相应位置。（每小题1.5分）。 11．How many books did Mark read during the summer holiday? A．2. B．3. C．4. 12．Why did Mark’s parents give him the book? A．To make him happy. B．To improve his reading. C．To celebrate his birthday. 13．What’s Tony’s favourite book about? A．A boy and a dog. B．A group of good friends. C．A man’s travel under the sea. 14．How did Tony feel while reading his favourite book? A．Excited. B．Moved. C．Relaxed. 15．What did the speaker read during the summer holiday? A．A French novel. B．A Chinese novel. C．An English novel. 第二部分 阅读理解 (共两节，满分40分) 第一节 阅读理解(共15小题，每小题2分，满分30分) 阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。 A Floods are one of the most serious natural disasters in the world. They are usually caused by heavy rain that lasts for a long time. When floods happen, the water rises very quickly. It covers roads, fields, houses and even whole villages. Many people may lose their houses, and the dangerous water can bring great harm to our lives. It also pollutes clean water and breaks the order of daily life. It is very important for us to learn right ways to keep safe during floods. Here are some ways for everyone. First, we must stay calm all the time. Second, do not walk or swim in running water. Third, if you stay in low places, move to higher ground right away, such as hills, tall buildings or safe platforms. What’s more, we need to stay far away from power lines. They may cause electric shocks easily. Last but not least, we should also listen to the early warnings and follow teachers’ and parents’ advice. In a word, we must learn these simple safety rules well. They can help us protect ourselves better when floods come. 16．What does the underlined word “It” in Paragraph 1 refer to? A．The water. B．The rule. C．The advice. D．The village. 17．How many ways to keep safe during floods are mentioned in Paragraph 2? A．3. B．4. C．5. D．6. 18．What’s the best title for the passage? A．Useful Phones B．Ways to Stop Floods C．Beautiful Mountains D．Floods and Safety Rules B Do you know what people in other countries called China thousands of years ago? Long ago, ancient countries like Greece (希腊) and Rome (罗马) knew about China, but they didn’t call it “China”. Instead, they used special names that told stories about soft silk, powerful dynasties (朝代), and busy seaways. Seres: The Land of Silk The people in ancient Greece and Rome truly loved Chinese silk for its soft touch. They knew that silk came from a country far to the east, so they decided to call that place Seres or Serica. In their languages, these names simply meant “The Land of Silk.” Sinae: The Name from the Word “Qin” Later on, people from Rome started using another name: Sinae. Experts in history believe this word comes from the Qin Dynasty. Even though the dynasty itself didn’t last very long, its name traveled down by sea to different parts of the world. Cathay: The Influence of the Khitans (契丹) During the Middle Ages (中世纪) in Italy, the most common name for China was Cathay. It came from the Khitan fighters, who created the Liao Dynasty When Italian explorers like Marco Polo traveled over land across the dangerous Silk Road, they met the Liao Dynasty first. Therefore, they used that name for the country. China: The Name from the Sea You might be thinking: Where does “China” come from? In fact, it comes from the same word as “Sinae”—Qin. While the earlier trips over land gave Italy the name “Cathay”, the seaways from the south gave the world “China”. Whether it was Seres for its silk, Sinae and China for its first dynasty, or Cathay for its northern fighters, each name is like a little window into the history of how the world discovered China. 19．Who would call China “Cathay”? A．A fighter from the Qin Dynasty. B．An Italian from the Middle Ages. C．A Japanese woman that loved silk. D．A traveler visiting Greece from Rome. 20．What can you infer from the passage? A．Marco Polo was a friend to the Khitans. B．“Sinae” and “China” came from the same word. C．People in Rome didn’t know where silk came from. D．People travelled to China in different ways over time. 21．Which is the best title for the passage? A．How China talked with the world B．What is behind China’s oldest name C．What the world once called China D．How Italian explorers gave China its name 22．Which of the following does NOT influence the names for China? A．Qin Dynasty. B．War. C．Silk. D．Italian explorers. C The Taklamakan Desert, known as the “Sea of Death”, is the biggest desert in China and the second-largest moving desert in the world. It covers 337,600 square kilometres and now has a 3,046-kilometre-long green belt around it. Building the green belt faced many problems. As we all know, the desert is very large with sand dunes (沙丘) as high as 300 metres. So more time, money, and effort are needed. The dry climate added more challenges. The desert has little rain (50mm) but loses much more water (2,500mm) to evaporation (蒸发). Due to the shortage of water, plants are hard to grow. The frequent sandstorms are another problem. The Taklamakan Desert is one of the most active areas for sandstorms in China, creating further difficulties. Even with these problems, finishing the green belt is a huge success. Experts say it’s amazing, and the hard work paid off. The green belt protects oases (areas with water and plants) from sandstorms, improves the local environment, and supports farming. It also shows China’s strong skills in managing large environmental projects. A local farmer said he was happy about the project and hoped it would help his family in the future. In the coming years, Xinjiang will keep growing the green belt to stop deserts and bring more desert land back to life. People living near the desert are looking forward to better living conditions. 23．How long is the green belt around the Taklamakan Desert? A．2,500 kilometres. B．3,046 kilometres. C．337,600 kilometres. D．50 kilometres. 24．Which problem about building the green belt is NOT mentioned? A．The high sand dunes. B．The shortage of water. C．Too many wild animals. D．Too little money. 25．What does the underlined phrase “paid off” mean in Paragraph 3? A．取得回报 B．全部付清 C．注意到 D．支付 26．What’s the passage mainly about? A．The dangers of desert sandstorms. B．The success of a desert project. C．The life of farmers in deserts. D．The difficulty of a desert project. D Francisco Lufinha successfully completed a 6,700-kilometer crossing of the Atlantic Ocean on a small boat. His boat was powered only by the sun and wind. He used kites to move the boat and solar power to support lights and other equipment (设备) on the boat. Lufinha set out from Portugal on November 3rd, 2021. The man was not at sea for all that time, however. Five days after he began his trip, Lufinha made a planned stop at the Canary Islands, where he repaired the kite and made some small adjustments (调整) to the boat. Lufinha had to stay longer than planned because of strong winds. He remained there until November 30th. On December 20th of the same year, Lufinha reached the island of Martinique and completed his trip. The man hoped his trip would earn him a place in the Guinness World Records. He also hoped his trip would help people understand the need to protect the ocean. Lufinha made the crossing completely alone in a 7.2-meter-long and 5.6-meter-wide boat. This kind of boat has three long, thin parts, with a small room for sleeping. Lufinha used a hand pump (手动泵) to produce water for drinking and cooking. The pump has a special tool to remove salt from the sea water. “It was a big test for me. I learned a lot. I learned most of all to look at my problems in a different way. I had so many problems all of the time, like kites getting broken. And the only way not to get beat was to think ‘it could be worse’,” Lufinha said. “This way of thinking helped me to get through the difficult crossing hour by hour, day by day, week by week until I reached the destination.” 27．Why did Lufinha stay longer on the Canary Islands than planned? A．He met with bad weather conditions. B．He wanted to set a record there. C．He had run out of food and water. 28．One of the purposes of Lufinha’s journey was ________. A．to become world-famous B．to call for ocean protection C．to test a new kind of kite boat 29．What does the underlined word “remove” in Paragraph 4 mean? A．Get. B．Take…away. C．Keep…away. 30．What can we infer from Lufinha’s words? A．He encouraged people to explore the Atlantic Ocean. B．He was good at solving different problems. C．The trip was a great learning experience. 第二节 任务型阅读(共5题，每小题2分，满分10分) 阅读你班同学的项目化学习(Project-based learning)汇报展示文稿，根据所给的信息完成文稿小题(有一项多余) ，并回答问题。 For many people, life is much better now than before. People have more ways to create wealth. And they have more spare time to enjoy themselves. They can afford to use lights. 31 Medicine and diet are improving, and people are getting healthier and living longer. 32 They can have a good education like men. And they can go to work even after getting married. But communication is changing fastest of all. Today, with the Internet, people can communicate easily with their friends all over the world. But in the past, people wrote to each other, so many postmen often worked very long hours a day outside in the winter cold or in the summer heat. 33 Although transport and travel are easier today—more people drive cars instead of riding bikes. They seldom take exercise every day. 34 Increasing traffic makes the roads more crowded than ever, and the air is badly polluted. We must work harder to reduce pollution. Let’s take action! A．So they are not as healthy as they were. B．But there were only candles in the past. C． As a result, they are as healthy as they were. D．The role of women has changed too. E. Not all the changes are good ones. Do you think your life is much better now than before? Why? (no more than 15 words) 35 第三部分 语言运用 (共三节，满分40分) 第一节 完形填空 (共15 小题，每小题1分，满分15 分) Mike used to be a night owl (夜猫子). He stayed up late playing games, thinking it didn’t 36 his health. But soon, dark circles appeared under his eyes. In class, he felt so 37 that he couldn’t focus all the time. His grades began to 38 . One day, his science teacher, Ms Chen, assigned (布置) a special 39 , “Track (追踪) your sleep for two weeks. Aim for 8 hours nightly.” Mike laughed. “Sleep is 40 !” he thought. 41 , Mike decided to try. The first few nights were 42 . He tossed and turned (辗转反侧). 43 by day five, something changed. Waking up early, he felt fresh and full of 44 . He finished his homework faster. Two weeks later, students shared the results. Lisa’s skin looked clearer; Tom felt less 45 . Ms Chen smiled, “As you can see, good sleep isn’t resting—it’s recharging (恢复精力) 46 brain!” She explained how sleep 47 memory and fights sickness. Mike looked at his own chart and it showed his maths scores 48 from 70 to 85! He finally understood. That night, he 49 playing games before bed. Instead, he read a book. Now, Mike has a new 50 . Sleep isn’t boring time—it’s magic time. It turns you into a superhero without a cape (斗篷)! 36．A．test B．protect C．check D．affect 37．A．sleepy B．excited C．angry D．happy 38．A．rise B．drop C．appear D．stay 39．A．task B．exam C．party D．trip 40．A．interesting B．boring C．meaningful D．important 41．A．Suddenly B．Finally C．Unluckily D．Badly 42．A．hopeful B．wonderful C．easy D．difficult 43．A．But B．Though C．After D．When 44．A．worries B．energy C．fear D．pain 45．A．painful B．lonely C．stressed D．hungry 46．A．my B．your C．his D．her 47．A．improves B．loses C．shares D．clears 48．A．fell B．climbed C．hid D．swam 49．A．held on B．picked up C．gave up D．put up 50．A．job B．game C．problem D．idea 第二节 词汇运用(共15小题，每小题1分，满分15分) A.将方框中所给词语的适当形式填入短文中，每词限用一次。 health   press   hard    busy   compare   good Nowadays, many students are 51 on weekends than weekdays, because their parents take them to different kinds of classes. Because of this, most of them are under too much 52 . One of the main reasons why parents do so is that they are always 53 their own children with other children. Doctors say it is normal to want successful children, but it is more important to have 54 children. Therefore, there is no need for them to push their children so 55 . B;阅读下面短文，根据括号内所给汉语注释写出单词的正确形式(每空一词)。 Punch is a baby monkey in Japan. He was born in 2025 at a zoo. Soon after birth, his mother left him, making him feel 56 (孤独). Zookeepers gave him a soft toy to help 57 (减少) this kind of feeling. Soon Punch was carrying the toy everywhere. Videos of Punch spread (传播) online, and people showed great 58 (好奇心) about him. Some videos showed older monkeys running after him. This is a 59 (正常) action in monkey groups. More people visited the zoo. IKEA said sales of the toy monkey rose 60 (惊人). By February, it sold out in many stores. Why did Punch’s mother leave him? Experts say it is 61 (不寻常) for a mother to do so. Punch was born during a hot time and 62 (条件；状态) were really hard for his mother. The great 63 (恐惧) made her leave the baby. But Punch did not give up and learned to 64 (存活). Now he plays with other monkeys. They have fun together and protect 65 (他们自己) as a group. 第三节 语法填空(共10小题，每小题1分，满分10分) 阅读下面短文，根据上下文或括号内单词等提示，在空白处填入适当的单词或括号内单词的适当形式。 It can be hard to make time for a hobby when we have many important things to do. But hobbies might be 66 (important) than you think. Physical hobbies 67 going hiking or playing tennis can help you stay healthy. They can reduce stress and help you remember better. Other kinds of hobbies can also keep us healthy. 68 (make) music can reduce blood pressure and make our bodies stronger. Playing an instrument also 69 (keep) our brains young. Hobbies are also good for your mental health. Creative hobbies like painting or writing can help you deal with negative emotions. That is 70 they offer you a way to express how you feel. You may feel good about 71 (you) in this way! Everything has two sides. Playing computer games or chatting online may be fun, but such hobbies 72 (usual) take a lot of screen time. That could cause problems such as eye soreness or poor sleep. Also you may feel lonely when doing these 73 (activity) alone. Why not choose 74 outdoor hobby instead? Fresh air, green spaces, peace and quiet — these things help us to relax and feel good. Whatever your hobby is, it is important 75 (make) time for it. After all, all work and no play makes Jack a dull boy! 第四部分 书面表达 (共一节，满分20分) 76．假设你是李华，在上学期的期末大考(the final exam)中未取得理想成绩，情绪低落。在好友Tom的鼓励和帮助下，你重拾信心。请根据以下提示和要求，用英语给Tom写一封信，表达你的感激之情。 写作提示： 1. 向Tom表示感谢 (thank...for...)； 2. 描述Tom对你的帮助（至少二点）以及你的积极改变 (positive change)； 3. 表达你现在的感受和对此次考试的信心 (I believe...)。 注意： 1. 短文需包含表格中的所有要点，并适当发挥； 2. 文中不得出现真实姓名和校名； 3. 注意时态，语言表达准确，语意连贯，词数80左右。 Dear Tom, _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Yours, Li Hua 参考答案 题号 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 答案 A C C B A C B B C B 题号 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 答案 B A C C B A C D B D 题号 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 答案 C B B C A B A B B C 题号 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 答案 D A B A B B D A B C 题号 46 47 48 49 50 答案 B A B C D 1．A 【原文】M: Kelly, do you like to collect postcards? W: No, I don’t. But I love collecting coins. 2．C 【原文】M: When does the school natural safety lecture begin, 2:00 or 2:15? W: It’s put off fifteen minutes later. It will start at 2:30 p.m. 3．C 【原文】W: Bruce, tomorrow is the day for the final exam this term. Good luck with your exam. M: I don’t need good luck. I need another week to study. 4．B 【原文】A: Grace, do you want to make a baseball team next year? B: No. I’m going to make a basketball team, but my friend Paul wants me to make a volleyball team with him. 5．A 【原文】W: I’d like to go hiking tomorrow. I want to know something about the weather. M: Oh, it will be cloudy and windy. You’d better not go out. 6．C 7．B 【原文】M: Mary, you don’t look well. Are you all right? W: I really feel tired. M: What’s the matter? W: I didn’t go to sleep until 2 o’clock in the morning. M: Oh, that’s too late. What were you doing? W: Nothing. I was so worried about my maths test. M: Well, take it easy. You’d better have a rest. W: Okay. I will. 8．B 9．C 10．B 【原文】M: Hi, Linda. How was your dinner at the Chinese restaurant yesterday? W: It was nice, but I made a mistake. I started eating before everyone was ready. My friend told me it’s impolite in China. M: Oh, I see. In many cultures, you should wait until everyone is served. W: Yes, I felt a bit embarrassed. But my friend was nice about it. She said it’s a common mistake for foreigners. M: That’s why it’s important to learn about local manners before travelling. When in Rome, do as the Romans do. W: You’re right. I’ll be more careful next time. What other table manners should I know? M: Well, in China, don’t stick your chopsticks upright in your bowl. It’s considered bad luck. W: Thanks for telling me. I’ll remember that. 11．B 12．A 13．C 14．C 15．B Reading is a good way to spend a holiday. So my friends and I read some books during the summer holiday. Mark read three books and his favorite was A Friend like Henry. It’s about how a dog named Henry helps a boy deal with his illness. Mark’s parents gave him this book to make him happy after he failed his exam. Tony’s favorite book was Twenty Thousand Leagues Under the Sea. It’s about a man’s travel under the sea. The story is very interesting and the pictures are fantastic. The book made him relax. Tony loves traveling, so he dreams of being a man like the character in the story. As for me, I read a classical Chinese novel. I learned a lot from it. 16．A 17．C 18．D 本文介绍了洪水是严重的自然灾害，并提出了洪水发生时的五种安全规则。 16．画线词前一句“When floods happen, the water rises very quickly.”提到“the water”，后一句“It covers roads...”中的“It”指代的就是前句的“the water”。 17．第二段中依次出现了“First”“Second”“Third”“What’s more”“Last but not least”五个明确的提示词，对应五种安全方法。 18．第一段讲洪水的危害并引出学习安全规则的重要性，第二段具体列出安全规则，最后一段总结规则能保护自己，全文围绕“洪水与安全规则”展开，因此最佳标题为“Floods and Safety Rules”。 19．B 20．D 21．C 22．B 本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了几千年前不同历史时期世界各国对中国的不同称呼，以及这些称呼的来源与背景，展现了世界认识中国的历史进程。 19．根据Cathay: The Influence of the Khitans部分“During the Middle Ages in Italy, the most common name for China was Cathay.”可知，是中世纪的意大利人称呼中国为“Cathay”。 20．根据China: The Name from the Sea部分“While the earlier trips over land gave Italy the name ‘Cathay’, the seaways from the south gave the world ‘China’.”可知，人们在不同时期通过海陆不同途径前往中国。A选项文中并未提及马可波罗是契丹人的朋友；B选项的内容是文章直接陈述的事实，并非推断得出的结论；C选项与原文“他们知道丝绸来自遥远东方的一个国家”的描述不符。 21．第一段提出问题“Do you know what people in other countries called China thousands of years ago?”，随后分别介绍了Seres、Sinae、Cathay和China这几个名字的由来。因此“世界曾经如何称呼中国”是最佳标题。 22．根据Sinae: The Name from the Word “Qin”部分“Experts in history believe this word comes from the Qin Dynasty.”以及China: The Name from the Sea部分“In fact, it comes from the same word as ‘Sinae’—Qin.”，可知秦朝直接影响这两个名称。根据Seres: The Land of Silk部分“In their languages, these names simply meant ‘The Land of Silk.’”可知，丝绸是“Seres”名称的直接来源。根据Cathay: The Influence of the Khitans部分“It came from the Khitan fighters…When Italian explorers like Marco Polo traveled over land across the dangerous Silk Road, they met the Liao Dynasty first. Therefore, they used that name for the country.”可知，意大利探险家（以马可波罗为代表）用“Cathay”这一名称来称呼中国。原文从未提及战争对中国的这些称呼产生影响。 23．B 24．C 25．A 26．B 本文主要讲述了塔克拉玛干沙漠环沙漠绿色长廊建设遇到的难题、取得的成就以及未来的规划。 23．第一段指出“It covers 337,600 square kilometres and now has a 3,046-kilometre-long green belt around it.”，环绕塔克拉玛干沙漠的绿化带长3046千米。 24．第二段指出“As we all know, the desert is very large with sand dunes as high as 300 metres. So more time, money, and effort are needed. The dry climate added more challenges…Due to the shortage of water…The frequent sandstorms are another problem.”，文中提到了高耸沙丘、缺水、资金投入大、沙尘暴频发，没有提到野生动物过多。 25．第三段指出“Even with these problems, finishing the green belt is a huge success. Experts say it’s amazing, and the hard work paid off.”，尽管困难重重，绿化带建设大获成功，付出的努力有了好结果，这里paid off的意思是“取得回报”。 26．根据全文可知，文章先介绍建绿化带的诸多困难，再重点讲述这项工程取得的巨大成效、带来的好处，最后说明未来会继续扩建，核心是介绍这项沙漠治理工程的成功。 27．A 28．B 29．B 30．C 本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲述了Francisco Lufinha驾驶小型帆船成功横渡大西洋的经历、行程细节、航行目的与个人感悟。 27．根据第三段中“Lufinha had to stay longer than planned because of strong winds.”可知，由于强风，Lufinha不得不比计划停留更长时间，强风属于恶劣天气条件（bad weather conditions）。 28．根据第三段中“He also hoped his trip would help people understand the need to protect the ocean.”他希望他的旅程能帮助人们理解保护海洋的必要性，因此呼吁海洋保护是旅程的目的之一。 29．根据第四段中“Lufinha used a hand pump to produce water for drinking and cooking. The pump has a special tool to remove salt from the sea water.”可知，Lufinha用手动泵生产饮用水和烹饪用水，该泵有一个特殊工具，该工具可以从海水中“remove”盐。海水要变成饮用水需要去除盐分，因此remove意为“去除、拿走”，对应Take…away。 30．根据最后一段中Lufinha的话“It was a big test for me. I learned a lot.”可知，这次旅行对他而言是一次宝贵的学习经历，对应C选项。 31．B 32．D 33．E 34．A 35．Yes. Because we have more technology and opportunities now. 本文是一篇说明文。主要对比了现代生活和过去生活的差异，涉及财富、健康、女性角色、通信和交通等方面的变化。 31．根据“They can afford to use lights.”可知，此处应与过去的照明情况有关。选项B“但过去只有蜡烛。”符合语境。故选B。 32．根据“They can have a good education like men.”和“And they can go to work even after getting married.”可知，此处与女性角色的变化有关。选项D“女性的角色也发生了变化。”符合语境。故选D。 33．根据“Although transport and travel are easier today—more people drive cars instead of riding bikes.”可知，此处与变化带来的缺点有关。选项E“并不是所有的变化都是好的。”符合语境。故选E。 34．根据“They seldom take exercise every day.”可知，此处与不锻炼导致的结果有关。选项A“所以他们不像以前那么健康了。”符合语境。故选A。 35．开放性试题，答案不唯一，言之有理即可。参考答案为Yes. Because we have more technology and opportunities now. 36．D 37．A 38．B 39．A 40．B 41．B 42．D 43．A 44．B 45．C 46．B 47．A 48．B 49．C 50．D 本文讲述Mike曾熬夜玩游戏影响健康、学习，后通过睡眠追踪任务，意识到睡眠重要性，改变习惯后成绩提高的故事。 36．他熬夜打游戏，认为这不会影响他的健康。 熬夜打游戏会影响健康，affect“影响”符合语境；test“测试”、protect“保护”、check“检查”均不符合逻辑。 37．在课堂上，他感到很困，无法一直集中注意力。 熬夜导致的结果是犯困，sleepy“困倦的”符合语境；excited“兴奋的”、angry“生气的”、happy“开心的”均不符合熬夜的状态。 38．他的成绩开始下降。 上课无法集中注意力，成绩会下降，drop“下降”符合语境；rise“上升”、appear“出现”、stay“停留”均不符合。 39．一天，他的科学老师陈老师布置了一项特殊的任务：“追踪你的睡眠两周。目标是每晚8小时。” 老师布置的是一项作业任务，task“任务”符合语境；exam“考试”、party“派对”、trip“旅行”均不符合。 40．睡觉很无聊！ 后文“Sleep isn’t boring time”提到他觉得睡觉无趣，所以认为是无聊的，boring“无聊的”符合语境；interesting“有趣的”、meaningful“有意义的”、important“重要的”均不符合他一开始的态度。 41．最后，Mike决定试一试。 经过老师布置任务和自己的想法转变，他最终决定尝试，Finally“最后”符合语境；Suddenly“突然”、Unluckily“不幸地”、Badly“糟糕地”均不符合。 42．前几个晚上很难熬。 习惯熬夜的人早睡会不适应，所以前几晚很困难，difficult“困难的”符合语境；hopeful“有希望的”、wonderful“精彩的”、easy“容易的”均不符合。 43．但到了第五天，情况变了。 前后句为转折关系，前几晚难熬，第五天情况好转，But“但是”符合逻辑；Though“虽然”、After“在……之后”、When“当……时”均不符合。 44．早起后，他感到神清气爽，精力充沛。 充足睡眠后会充满能量，energy“能量”符合语境；worries“担忧”、fear“恐惧”、pain“痛苦”均不符合。 45．Lisa的皮肤看起来更干净了；Tom感觉压力小了。 睡眠充足能缓解压力，stressed“有压力的”符合语境；painful“痛苦的”、lonely“孤独的”、hungry“饥饿的”均不符合。 46．陈老师笑着说：“正如你所见，良好的睡眠不是休息——它是在为你的大脑恢复精力！” 老师对Mike说的话，用第二人称，your“你的”符合语境；my“我的”、his“他的”、her“她的”均不符合。 47．她解释了睡眠如何改善记忆力和对抗疾病。 睡眠对记忆力的作用是改善，improves“改善”符合语境；loses“失去”、shares“分享”、clears“清除”均不符合。 48．Mike看着自己的图表，显示他的数学成绩从70分上升到了85分！ 睡眠改善后成绩提高，用climbed“上升”；fell“下降”、hid“隐藏”、swam“游泳”均不符合。 49．那天晚上，他放弃了睡前打游戏。 他改变了习惯，不再打游戏，gave up“放弃”符合语境；held on“坚持”、picked up“捡起”、put up“张贴”均不符合。 50．现在，Mike有了一个新的想法。 最后一句“It turns you into a superhero without a cape (斗篷)!”点明他对睡眠有了新的认识，idea“想法”符合语境；job“工作”、game“游戏”、problem“问题”均不符合。 51．busier 52．pressure 53．comparing 54．healthy/healthier 55．hard 本文主要讲述了许多学生因父母比较和加压而周末更忙，医生建议孩子的健康更重要。 51．如今，很多学生在周末比工作日更忙碌，因为他们的父母带他们去上各种各样的课。根据“because their parents take them to different kinds of classes”和备选词可知，很多学生上各种各样的课，应该是很忙的，用busy最符合语境，结合“than”可知，此处要用比较级，busy的比较级为busier。故填busier。 52．因为这样，他们中的大多数人承受着太多压力。根据“their parents take them to different kinds of classes”，“under too much”和备选词可知，此处应指学生因各种课程承受太多压力，用pressure最符合语境，too much后接不可数名词。故填pressure。 53．父母这样做的主要原因之一是他们总是把自己的孩子和其他孩子作比较。根据“they are always ... their own children with other children”和备选词可知，此处应指父母总是把自己的孩子和其他孩子作比较，compare ... with ...“把……和……作比较”，固定搭配，“are always”后接现在分词构成现在进行时，此处要用compare的现在分词形式comparing。故填comparing。 54．医生说，想要成功的孩子是正常的，但拥有健康的孩子更重要。根据“but it is more important to have ... children”和备选词可知，此处应指拥有健康或更健康的孩子更重要，用health最符合语境，children为名词，要用形容词修饰，health的形容词形式为healthy或healthier。故填healthy/healthier。 55．因此，他们没必要给孩子施加太大压力。根据“push their children”和备选词可知，此处应指父母给孩子施加很大压力，用hard最符合语境，副词可直接修饰动词。故填hard。 56．lonely 57．reduce 58．curiosity 59．normal 60．amazingly 61．unusual 62．conditions 63．fear 64．survive 65．themselves 本文讲述了日本动物园一只名为Punch的幼猴，因出生后被母亲抛弃而感到孤独，靠着玩具陪伴活了下来，它的故事走红网络，引发人们关注，也让同款玩具销量暴涨，最终它在猴群中学会了生存与融入。 56．出生后不久，它的妈妈就离开了它，让它感到孤独。feel lonely表示“感到孤独”，lonely侧重内心的孤独感，符合语境。 57．动物园管理员给了它一个柔软的玩具，来帮助它减少这种孤独感。help (to) do sth.表示“帮助做某事”，所以用动词原形reduce 58．Punch的视频在网上传播开来，人们对它表现出了极大的好奇心。show great curiosity about...表示“对……表现出极大的好奇心”，curiosity是名词形式。 59．这在猴群中是一种正常的行为。形容词normal修饰名词action，表示“正常的行为”。 60．宜家表示，这款玩具猴子的销量惊人地增长。副词amazingly修饰动词rose，表示“惊人地增长”。 61．专家表示，母猴做出这样的行为是不寻常的。固定句型it is unusual for sb. to do sth.表示“某人做某事是不寻常的”。 62．Punch出生在炎热时期，当时的条件对它的妈妈来说非常艰难。根据后面的were可知，主语要用复数形式conditions 63．巨大的恐惧让母猴抛弃了幼崽。the great fear表示“巨大的恐惧”，fear是不可数名词。 64．但Punch没有放弃，学会了存活下来。learn to do sth.表示“学会做某事”，所以用动词原形survive 65．它们一起玩耍，并作为一个群体保护着彼此。反身代词themselves指代前面的other monkeys，表示“保护它们自己”。 66．more important 67．like 68．Making 69．keeps 70．because 71．yourself 72．usually 73．activities 74．an 75．to make 本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了爱好对身心健康的重要性，分析了不同类型爱好（体育类、艺术类、创造性爱好）的益处，也提及了线上爱好的潜在问题，最后呼吁人们为爱好留出时间。 66．但爱好可能比你想象的更重要。句中出现“than”，表示两者比较，形容词important需使用比较级形式，即more important。 67．像徒步旅行或打网球这样的体育爱好可以帮助你保持健康。此处是举例说明“Physical hobbies”的具体类型，“like”可表示“像，例如”，符合语境。 68．制作音乐可以降低血压，让我们的身体更强壮。此处需要动名词作句子的主语，因此动词make需变为动名词形式Making，注意句首单词首字母需大写。 69．演奏乐器也能让我们的大脑保持年轻。句子主语“Playing an instrument”是动名词短语，视为单数，句子时态为一般现在时，谓语动词keep需使用第三人称单数形式keeps。 70．那是因为它们为你提供了一种表达感受的方式。前文提到“创造性爱好可以帮助你处理负面情绪”，此处是解释原因，“That is because...”是固定句型，意为“那是因为……”。 71．你可能会通过这种方式对自己感觉良好！此处主语和宾语均指代“you”，需使用反身代词，构成“feel good about oneself”的固定搭配，“you”的反身代词是 yourself。 72．玩电脑游戏或网上聊天可能很有趣，但这样的爱好通常会占用很多屏幕时间。此处修饰动词take，需用副词形式，形容词usual的副词形式是usually。 73．而且当你独自做这些活动时，可能会感到孤独。限定词“these”后需接可数名词复数形式，activity的复数形式是activities。 74．为什么不选择一个户外爱好呢？此处泛指“一个户外爱好”，需用不定冠词，outdoor以元音音素开头，故用an。 75．无论你的爱好是什么，为它腾出时间是很重要的。“It is important to do sth.”是固定句型，意为“做某事是重要的”，因此动词make需使用不定式形式to make。 76．范文： Dear Tom, I’m writing this letter to thank you for your encouragement and help. When I felt sad and hopeless, you talked to me patiently and told me not to give up. You also spent your free time helping me review the difficult lessons and correct my mistakes. With your help, I became more confident and studied harder than before. Now I’m no longer upset. I believe I can make great progress in the next exam with my hard work. Thank you again for being such a good friend. Yours, Li Hua 写作步骤： [第一步：审题立意] 明确文体：书信，一般过去时，一般现在时 明确要点：向Tom表示感谢、描述Tom对自己的帮助以及重拾信心、最后表达个人目前的感受 确定人称：第一人称(I/my) 注意事项：不得透露真实姓名和学校名称 [第二步：构思布局] 三段式结构： 开头段：表达对Tom的感谢 主体段：描述Tom对自己的帮助以及重拾信心 结尾段：最后表达个人目前的感受 [第三步：要点展开] 要点一：表达感谢 感谢原因：for your encouragement and help/for being there for me等 要点二：Tom的帮助（至少两点） 帮助一：talked to me patiently/told me not to give up/encouraged me to keep trying等 帮助二：spent free time helping me review difficult lessons/corrected my mistakes/explained problems clearly等 要点三：自己的积极改变 改变：became more confident/studied harder/stopped feeling upset/found learning enjoyable等 要点四：现在的感受和信心 感受：no longer upset/more positive/hopeful等 信心：believe I can make great progress in the next exam/I will do better等 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $