内容正文:
第06讲
人教Unit 4 Natural Disaster语法点+九年级Units 11~12词汇
【课程目标】
1. 学习“关系代词引导的定语从句”相关知识;
2. 复习九年级Units 11~12词汇
【课程步骤】
定语从句(Ⅰ)
在复合句中,修饰某一名词、代词或整个主句的从句叫作定语从句。从句修饰的名词或代词叫作先行词,连接先行词和定语从句的词叫关系词。关系词的主要作用是连接主句和从句,同时指代先行词,并在从句中充当一定的句子成分。关系词分为关系代词和关系副词两种,关系代词有that、which、who、whom、whose等;关系副词有when、where、why。
一、关系代词的基本用法
关系词
被修饰的先行词
关系词在从句中充当的成分
省略情况
who
指人
主语、宾语
作主语不可省略,作宾语可省略
whom
指人
宾语
可省略
whose
指人或物
定语
不可省略
that
指人或物
主语、宾
语、表语
作主语不可省略,作宾语可省略
which
指物或整个主句
主语、宾语
作主语不可省略,作宾语可省略
1. who指人,在从句中作主语或宾语,作宾语时可省略。
The man who is talking with my father is a teacher.
正在和我父亲说话的那个人是个老师。
The girl (who) I met yesterday was his sister.
我昨天见到的那个女孩是他的妹妹。
2. whom指人,在从句中作宾语,常可省略,不能作主语。
The boy (whom) the teacher often praises is their monitor.
老师经常表扬的那个男孩是他们的班长。
[拓展]
(1)关系代词whom在口语或非正式文体中常可用who来代替。
The boy (who/whom/that)we saw yesterday was John’s brother.
昨天我们看到的那个男孩是约翰的哥哥。
(2)在从句中作介词的宾语且直接跟在介词后时,用whom,不用who。
He is a man from whom we are all ready to learn.
他是我们大家都愿意学习的人。
3. which只指物,不指人,可作主语或宾语,作宾语时可省略。
Guilin is a city which has a history of 2,000 years.
桂林是一个有2,000年历史的城市。
The young man was very happy to get back the gold ring (which) he had lost on the train.
那个年轻人找回了在火车上丢失的金戒指,非常高兴。
4. whose既可指人,也可指物。其后接名词,与先行词构成从属关系,在从句中作定语。
This is the scientist whose name is known all over the country.
这就是那位闻名全国的科学家。
Nobody wants the house whose roof has fallen in.
没有人想要这个屋顶已坍塌的房子。
5. that指人时,相当于who或whom;指物时,相当于which。在定语从句中作主语或宾语,作宾语时可省略。
The woman that I read about in the newspaper has just won a gold medal.
我在报纸上读过那位妇女的相关报道,她刚刚夺得一枚金牌。
The report (that) Mr. Turner handed in was about the motor race.
特纳先生递交的报告是关于摩托车比赛的。
二、用that不用which的情况
1. 当先行词为all、everything、nothing、anything、little、much等不定代词或先行词被这些词修饰时。
All that can be done has been done.
一切能做的都已经做了。
2. 当先行词是序数词、形容词最高级或先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰时。
This is the most delicious food that I have ever had.
这是我吃过的最美味的食品。
3. 当先行词被the only、the very、the last修饰时。
Chatting was the only thing that interested her most.聊天是她唯一感兴趣的事。
4. 当先行词既指人,又指物时。
She took photographs of the things and people that she was interested in.
她把她感兴趣的人和物都拍摄了下来。
5. 当主语是以who或which开头的疑问句时,为避免重复用that。
Who is the person that is standing at the gate?
站在门口的那个人是谁?
6. 当先行词在定语从句中作表语时。
Shanghai is no longer the city that it used to be.
上海已不是过去那个样子了。
三、用which不用that的情况
1. 在定语从句中作介词的宾语,且介词位于关系代词前时。
This is the room in which he lives.
这是他住的房间。
2. 引导非限制性定语从句时。
Tom came back, which made us very happy.
汤姆回来了,这使我们很高兴。
3. 在限制性定语从句中,如果有两个定语从句,其中前一句的关系代词是that,那么后一句的关系代词就要用which。
Let me show you the novel that I borrowed from the library which was newly open.
让我给你看这本从新开的图书馆里借来的小说。
四、使用定语从句的注意事项
1. 关系代词在定语从句中作主语时,定语从句的谓语动词要和先行词的数保持一致。“one of+复数名词”作先行词,谓语动词用复数形式;“the only one of+复数名词”作先行词,谓语动词用单数形式。
This is one of the books which were written by Charles Dickens.
这是查理斯·狄更斯所写的书中的一本。
He is the only one of the boys in our class who has learned French.
他是我们班里唯一一个学过法语的男孩。
[拓展]
which引导非限制性定语从句时,往往代表前面所说的整个情况。这时which被看作单数,其后的谓语动词应用单数形式。
He said he was a Frenchman, which was not true.
他说他是一个法国人,这不是真的。
2.为避免关系词的重复,被关系代词所代替的成分不可在从句中重复出现。
This is the factory which we visited last Sunday. (visited后不可加it)
这就是我们上星期天参观过的工厂。
3.关系代词的省略。
(1)关系代词作主语时不能省略。
(2)作动词宾语的关系代词,可以省略;作介词宾语的关系代词,如果不直接位于介词后,可省略,如果直接作介词的宾语,不能省略。
(3)关系代词which在非限制性定语从句中不能省略。
[课堂练习]
1. 用关系代词填空
①Do you know the man is talking with your mother?
②Those want to see the film set down your names, please.
③This is the person you should thank for helping your son.
④Look,here are some people I want you to meet.
⑤Any student family is too poor to go to school can get help from the government.
⑥The picture was about the accident was terrible.
⑦Galileo's ideas were well in advance of the age in he lived.
⑧Have you ever read the book, was written by a young girl?
[答案] ① who ②who ③who/whom ④who/whom/that ⑤whose ⑥that/which ⑦which ⑧which
2. 完成句子
①这是我参观过的最漂亮的公园。
This is the most beautiful park .
②我们常常谈起我们记得的那些人和事。
We often talk about the persons and things .
③我已找到昨天丢的钢笔。
I have found the pen yesterday.
[答案] ① that I have visited ②that we remember ③that I lost
九年级Units 11~12词汇
1. ________________________ (adv.)相反;相当
2. ________________________ (v.)迫使
3. ________________________ (adv.)最近;不久前
4. ________________________ (n.)友谊;友情
5. ________________________ (n.)国王;君主
6. ________________________ (n.)权力;力量
7. ________________________ (adj.)首要的;基本的
8. ________________________ (n.)大臣;部长
9. ________________________ (n.)银行家
10. ________________________ (n.)名声;声誉
11. ________________________ (adj.)苍白的;灰白的
12. ________________________ (n.)女王;王后
13. ________________________ (v.)(仔细地)检查;检验
14. ________________________ (conj. & adv.)也不
15. ________________________ (n.)王宫;宫殿
16. ________________________ (n.)财富
17. ________________________ (adj.)(天空)阴沉的;昏暗的;灰色的
18. ________________________ (n.)柠檬
19. ________________________ (adj.)使人不舒服的;令人不舒服的
20. ________________________ (n.)重量;分量
21. ________________________ (n.)肩;肩膀
22. ________________________ (n.)球门;射门;目标
23. ________________________ (n.)教练;私人教练
24. ________________________ (v.)踢;踹
25. ________________________ (adv.)而且
26. ________________________ (n.)同队队员;队友
27. ________________________ (n.)勇敢;勇气
28. ________________________ (v.)拉;拖
29. ________________________ (n.)轻松;解脱
30. ________________________ (v.)点头
31. ________________________ (n.)(意见或看法)一致;同意
32. ________________________ (n.)过失;缺点
33. ________________________ (v.)使失望
34. ________________________ (adj.)出乎意料的;始料不及的
35. ________________________ (n.)背包;旅行包
36. ________________________ (v.)睡过头;睡得太久
37. ________________________ (n.)街区
38. ________________________ (n.)工作者;工人
39. ________________________ (n.)不信;怀疑
40. ________________________ (prep.)在……上面(adv.)在上面
41. ________________________ (v.)着火;燃烧
42. ________________________ (adj.)着火的;燃烧的
43. ________________________ (adj.)活着;有生气的
44. ________________________ (n.)机场
45. ________________________ (prep. & conj.)到;直到
46. ________________________ (adv.)向西;朝西(adj.)西部的(n.)西;西方
47. ________________________ (n.)奶油;乳脂
48. ________________________ (n.)工作日
49. ________________________ (n.)豆;豆荚
50. ________________________ (n.)市场;集市
51. ________________________ (n.)蠢人;傻瓜(v.)愚弄
52. ________________________ (n.)(特定场合穿的)服装;装束
53. ________________________ (adj.)窘迫的;害羞的
54. ________________________ (v.)宣布;宣告
55. ________________________ (n.)意大利面条
56. ________________________ (n.)骗局;恶作剧
57. ________________________ (n.)发现;发觉
58. ________________________ (n.)女士;女子
59. ________________________ (v.)取消;终止
60. ________________________ (n.)军官;官员
61. ________________________ (adj.)可相信的;可信任的
62. ________________________ (v.)消失;不见
63. ________________________ (adj.)使人害羞的(难堪的或惭愧的)
1. rather 2. drive 3. lately 4. friendship 5. king
6. power 7. prime 8. minister 9. banker 10. fame
11. pale 12. queen 13. examine 14. nor 15. palace
16. wealth 17. grey 18. lemon 19. uncomfortable 20. weight
21. shoulder 22. goal 23. coach 24. kick 25. besides
26. teammate 27. courage 28. pull 29. relief 30. nod
31. agreement 32. fault 33. disappoint 34. unexpected 35. backpack
36. oversleep 37. block 38. worker 39. disbelief 40. above
41. burn 42. burning 43. alive 44. airport 45. till
46. west 47. cream 48. workday 49. bean 50. market
51. fool 52. costume 53. embarrassed 54. announce 55. spaghetti
56. hoax 57. discovery 58. lady 59. cancel 60. officer
61. believable 62. disappear 63. embarrassing
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第06讲
人教Unit 4 Natural Disaster语法点+九年级Units 11~12词汇
【课程目标】
1. 学习“关系代词引导的定语从句”相关知识;
2. 复习九年级Units 11~12词汇
【课程步骤】
定语从句(Ⅰ)
在复合句中,修饰某一名词、代词或整个主句的从句叫作定语从句。从句修饰的名词或代词叫作先行词,连接先行词和定语从句的词叫关系词。关系词的主要作用是连接主句和从句,同时指代先行词,并在从句中充当一定的句子成分。关系词分为关系代词和关系副词两种,关系代词有that、which、who、whom、whose等;关系副词有when、where、why。
一、关系代词的基本用法
关系词
被修饰的先行词
关系词在从句中充当的成分
省略情况
who
指人
主语、宾语
作主语不可省略,作宾语可省略
whom
指人
宾语
可省略
whose
指人或物
定语
不可省略
that
指人或物
主语、宾
语、表语
作主语不可省略,作宾语可省略
which
指物或整个主句
主语、宾语
作主语不可省略,作宾语可省略
1. who指人,在从句中作主语或宾语,作宾语时可省略。
The man who is talking with my father is a teacher.
正在和我父亲说话的那个人是个老师。
The girl (who) I met yesterday was his sister.
我昨天见到的那个女孩是他的妹妹。
2. whom指人,在从句中作宾语,常可省略,不能作主语。
The boy (whom) the teacher often praises is their monitor.
老师经常表扬的那个男孩是他们的班长。
[拓展]
(1)关系代词whom在口语或非正式文体中常可用who来代替。
The boy (who/whom/that)we saw yesterday was John’s brother.
昨天我们看到的那个男孩是约翰的哥哥。
(2)在从句中作介词的宾语且直接跟在介词后时,用whom,不用who。
He is a man from whom we are all ready to learn.
他是我们大家都愿意学习的人。
3. which只指物,不指人,可作主语或宾语,作宾语时可省略。
Guilin is a city which has a history of 2,000 years.
桂林是一个有2,000年历史的城市。
The young man was very happy to get back the gold ring (which) he had lost on the train.
那个年轻人找回了在火车上丢失的金戒指,非常高兴。
4. whose既可指人,也可指物。其后接名词,与先行词构成从属关系,在从句中作定语。
This is the scientist whose name is known all over the country.
这就是那位闻名全国的科学家。
Nobody wants the house whose roof has fallen in.
没有人想要这个屋顶已坍塌的房子。
5. that指人时,相当于who或whom;指物时,相当于which。在定语从句中作主语或宾语,作宾语时可省略。
The woman that I read about in the newspaper has just won a gold medal.
我在报纸上读过那位妇女的相关报道,她刚刚夺得一枚金牌。
The report (that) Mr. Turner handed in was about the motor race.
特纳先生递交的报告是关于摩托车比赛的。
二、用that不用which的情况
1. 当先行词为all、everything、nothing、anything、little、much等不定代词或先行词被这些词修饰时。
All that can be done has been done.
一切能做的都已经做了。
2. 当先行词是序数词、形容词最高级或先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰时。
This is the most delicious food that I have ever had.
这是我吃过的最美味的食品。
3. 当先行词被the only、the very、the last修饰时。
Chatting was the only thing that interested her most.聊天是她唯一感兴趣的事。
4. 当先行词既指人,又指物时。
She took photographs of the things and people that she was interested in.
她把她感兴趣的人和物都拍摄了下来。
5. 当主语是以who或which开头的疑问句时,为避免重复用that。
Who is the person that is standing at the gate?
站在门口的那个人是谁?
6. 当先行词在定语从句中作表语时。
Shanghai is no longer the city that it used to be.
上海已不是过去那个样子了。
三、用which不用that的情况
1. 在定语从句中作介词的宾语,且介词位于关系代词前时。
This is the room in which he lives.
这是他住的房间。
2. 引导非限制性定语从句时。
Tom came back, which made us very happy.
汤姆回来了,这使我们很高兴。
3. 在限制性定语从句中,如果有两个定语从句,其中前一句的关系代词是that,那么后一句的关系代词就要用which。
Let me show you the novel that I borrowed from the library which was newly open.
让我给你看这本从新开的图书馆里借来的小说。
四、使用定语从句的注意事项
1. 关系代词在定语从句中作主语时,定语从句的谓语动词要和先行词的数保持一致。“one of+复数名词”作先行词,谓语动词用复数形式;“the only one of+复数名词”作先行词,谓语动词用单数形式。
This is one of the books which were written by Charles Dickens.
这是查理斯·狄更斯所写的书中的一本。
He is the only one of the boys in our class who has learned French.
他是我们班里唯一一个学过法语的男孩。
[拓展]
which引导非限制性定语从句时,往往代表前面所说的整个情况。这时which被看作单数,其后的谓语动词应用单数形式。
He said he was a Frenchman, which was not true.
他说他是一个法国人,这不是真的。
2.为避免关系词的重复,被关系代词所代替的成分不可在从句中重复出现。
This is the factory which we visited last Sunday. (visited后不可加it)
这就是我们上星期天参观过的工厂。
3.关系代词的省略。
(1)关系代词作主语时不能省略。
(2)作动词宾语的关系代词,可以省略;作介词宾语的关系代词,如果不直接位于介词后,可省略,如果直接作介词的宾语,不能省略。
(3)关系代词which在非限制性定语从句中不能省略。
[课堂练习]
1. 用关系代词填空
①Do you know the man is talking with your mother?
②Those want to see the film set down your names, please.
③This is the person you should thank for helping your son.
④Look,here are some people I want you to meet.
⑤Any student family is too poor to go to school can get help from the government.
⑥The picture was about the accident was terrible.
⑦Galileo's ideas were well in advance of the age in he lived.
⑧Have you ever read the book, was written by a young girl?
2. 完成句子
①这是我参观过的最漂亮的公园。
This is the most beautiful park .
②我们常常谈起我们记得的那些人和事。
We often talk about the persons and things .
③我已找到昨天丢的钢笔。
I have found the pen yesterday.
九年级Units 11~12词汇
1. ________________________ (adv.)相反;相当
2. ________________________ (v.)迫使
3. ________________________ (adv.)最近;不久前
4. ________________________ (n.)友谊;友情
5. ________________________ (n.)国王;君主
6. ________________________ (n.)权力;力量
7. ________________________ (adj.)首要的;基本的
8. ________________________ (n.)大臣;部长
9. ________________________ (n.)银行家
10. ________________________ (n.)名声;声誉
11. ________________________ (adj.)苍白的;灰白的
12. ________________________ (n.)女王;王后
13. ________________________ (v.)(仔细地)检查;检验
14. ________________________ (conj. & adv.)也不
15. ________________________ (n.)王宫;宫殿
16. ________________________ (n.)财富
17. ________________________ (adj.)(天空)阴沉的;昏暗的;灰色的
18. ________________________ (n.)柠檬
19. ________________________ (adj.)使人不舒服的;令人不舒服的
20. ________________________ (n.)重量;分量
21. ________________________ (n.)肩;肩膀
22. ________________________ (n.)球门;射门;目标
23. ________________________ (n.)教练;私人教练
24. ________________________ (v.)踢;踹
25. ________________________ (adv.)而且
26. ________________________ (n.)同队队员;队友
27. ________________________ (n.)勇敢;勇气
28. ________________________ (v.)拉;拖
29. ________________________ (n.)轻松;解脱
30. ________________________ (v.)点头
31. ________________________ (n.)(意见或看法)一致;同意
32. ________________________ (n.)过失;缺点
33. ________________________ (v.)使失望
34. ________________________ (adj.)出乎意料的;始料不及的
35. ________________________ (n.)背包;旅行包
36. ________________________ (v.)睡过头;睡得太久
37. ________________________ (n.)街区
38. ________________________ (n.)工作者;工人
39. ________________________ (n.)不信;怀疑
40. ________________________ (prep.)在……上面(adv.)在上面
41. ________________________ (v.)着火;燃烧
42. ________________________ (adj.)着火的;燃烧的
43. ________________________ (adj.)活着;有生气的
44. ________________________ (n.)机场
45. ________________________ (prep. & conj.)到;直到
46. ________________________ (adv.)向西;朝西(adj.)西部的(n.)西;西方
47. ________________________ (n.)奶油;乳脂
48. ________________________ (n.)工作日
49. ________________________ (n.)豆;豆荚
50. ________________________ (n.)市场;集市
51. ________________________ (n.)蠢人;傻瓜(v.)愚弄
52. ________________________ (n.)(特定场合穿的)服装;装束
53. ________________________ (adj.)窘迫的;害羞的
54. ________________________ (v.)宣布;宣告
55. ________________________ (n.)意大利面条
56. ________________________ (n.)骗局;恶作剧
57. ________________________ (n.)发现;发觉
58. ________________________ (n.)女士;女子
59. ________________________ (v.)取消;终止
60. ________________________ (n.)军官;官员
61. ________________________ (adj.)可相信的;可信任的
62. ________________________ (v.)消失;不见
63. ________________________ (adj.)使人害羞的(难堪的或惭愧的)
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