Unit 3 语法易错+巩固练习（导学案）新六年级英语暑假自学课（沪教版·新教材）

六年级上册暑假自学课（沪教版） Unit 3 How should we protect ourselves? 语法易错+巩固练习 学习目标 知识目标：掌握顺序词First/Next/Then/Finally描述步骤的用法，should表示建议的用法，when引导的时间状语从句，以及祈使句的肯定与否定形式。 技能目标：能够用顺序词有条理地描述步骤和过程，用should给出安全建议，用when从句描述条件与动作的关系。 情感态度：了解自我保护和急救知识，培养安全意识，学会保护自己与他人。 语法易错01 First/Next/Then/Finally描述步骤顺序 语法点拨 用First, Next, Then, Finally可以按顺序描述步骤，使表达清晰有条理。 First, 第一步，首先 Next, 接下来 Then, 然后 Finally, 最后 教材例句： First, find the right place. Next, wait for the train behind the yellow line. Then, ... Finally, get on the train when it arrives. 注意：这些词后面通常加逗号，放在句首。它们是副词，不是连词，不能直接连接两个句子。 易错提示 • First/Next/Then/Finally后要加逗号！✗ First find... → ✓ First, find... • 顺序不能乱！First是第一步，Finally是最后一步，Next和Then在中间。 • 只有2个步骤时可用First... Then... 或 First... Finally... • 这些词是副词不是连词，不能像and/but那样连接两个分句！ 知识演练01 一、用First/Next/Then/Finally填空（可重复使用） How to wear a helmet: (1) _____, choose a helmet in your size. (2) _____, check the helmet. (3) _____, put on the helmet. (4) _____, make sure it will not fall. How to treat a nosebleed: (5) _____, sit down and lean forward. (6) _____, press your nose for 5 to 10 minutes. 二、单项选择 ( ) 1. _____, find the right place. _____, wait for the train. A. First; Next B. Next; First C. Finally; First ( ) 2. First, call 119. _____, call for help. A. Finally B. First C. Next ( ) 3. _____, the firefighters put out the fire. A. First B. Next C. Finally ( ) 4. First, take your shoe off. _____, put a cool cloth on your ankle. A. Finally B. Next C. First ( ) 5. Next, put a cool cloth on your ankle. _____, lift up your ankle and rest it. A. First B. Then C. Next 语法易错02 should表示建议的用法 语法点拨 should是情态动词，表示「应该」，用来给出建议或说明正确做法。 We should warm up before doing exercise. 我们应该在运动前热身。 You should always wear a helmet. 你应该始终戴头盔。 否定形式：should not = shouldn't，表示「不应该」。 You shouldn't play near the fire. 你不应该在火附近玩。 关键规则： should后接动词原形，无人称变化（第三人称不加s）。 ✓ He should wear a helmet. ✗ He should wears a helmet. ✓ She should be careful. ✗ She should is careful. 易错提示 • should后接动词原形！✗ should wearing → ✓ should wear ✗ should to wear → ✓ should wear • should无人称变化！✗ He should wears → ✓ He should wear • should后面不能加to！✗ should to go → ✓ should go • shouldn't = should not，不是shouldn'ts！✗ He shouldn'ts run → ✓ He shouldn't run 知识演练02 一、用should或shouldn't填空 1. You _____ warm up before doing exercise. 2. You _____ play near the fire. It's dangerous. 3. We _____ always wear a helmet when riding a bike. 4. You _____ run in the hallway. It's not safe. 5. We _____ call for help when someone gets hurt. 二、单项选择 ( ) 1. You should _____ before doing sports. A. warm up B. warms up C. warming up ( ) 2. He _____ play near the road. A. should B. shouldn't C. should to ( ) 3. We should _____ the sports rules. A. follow B. follows C. following ( ) 4. She _____ wear a helmet when she rides a bike. A. should B. shoulds C. should to ( ) 5. You should _____ a break when you are tired. A. taking B. to take C. take 语法易错03 when引导的时间状语从句 语法点拨 when表示「当……的时候」，引导时间状语从句，说明主句动作发生的时间。 Take a break when you are tired. 当你累的时候休息一下。 Get on the train when it arrives. 当火车到达时上车。 When someone gets hurt, we should try to help. 当有人受伤时，我们应该尽力帮助。 when从句的位置： when从句可以在主句后面，也可以放在句首（此时用逗号与主句隔开）： We should help when someone gets hurt.（从句在后，不用逗号） When someone gets hurt, we should help.（从句在前，用逗号） 注意：when引导的是从句，从句中也需要有主语和动词，不能只有when+动词！ 易错提示 • when从句放在句首时，主句前要加逗号！✗ When you are tired you should rest. → ✓ When you are tired, you should rest. • when从句不能缺少主语！✗ When is tired, rest. → ✓ When you are tired, rest. • when从句在后面时不用逗号！✗ Rest, when you are tired. → ✓ Rest when you are tired. • 不要把when和if混淆：when表示「当……时」（确定发生），if表示「如果」（可能发生）。 知识演练03 一、用when合并句子 1. You see a fire. Call 119. → Call 119 _____ 2. You are tired. Take a break. → _____, take a break. 3. Someone gets hurt. We should help. → _____, we should help. 4. The train arrives. Get on the train. → Get on the train _____ 5. It stops bleeding. Put some medicine on it. → _____, put some medicine on it. 二、单项选择 ( ) 1. _____ you see a fire, you should call 119. A. When B. What C. Where ( ) 2. Drink some water _____ you are thirsty. A. what B. where C. when ( ) 3. When someone gets hurt, _____ try to help. A. we should B. should we C. we shouldn't ( ) 4. Put on your helmet _____ you ride a bike. A. when B. what C. where ( ) 5. When the firefighters came, they _____ put out the fire. A. can B. could C. are 语法易错04 祈使句的肯定与否定形式 语法点拨 祈使句用来表示命令、建议或指示，主语you省略，直接以动词原形开头。 肯定祈使句： Find the right place. 找到正确的位置。 Wait for the train behind the yellow line. 在黄线后等车。 否定祈使句：在动词原形前加Don't。 Don't use the lift. 不要使用电梯。 Don't play near the fire. 不要在火附近玩。 注意：Don't后面接动词原形，不能接-ing或过去式！ ✓ Don't run. ✗ Don't running. ✗ Don't ran. 易错提示 • 祈使句用动词原形开头，不能加s/es！✗ Finds the place. → ✓ Find the place. • 否定祈使句用Don't+动词原形，不是Don't+v-ing！✗ Don't running. → ✓ Don't run. • Don't = Do not，是完整否定词，不能写成Doesn't！✗ Doesn't run. → ✓ Don't run. • 祈使句主语you省略，不要写成You find the place.（虽然语法不错，但不符合祈使句简洁风格） 知识演练04 一、改为否定祈使句 1. Use the lift. → ________________________________ 2. Play near the fire. → ________________________________ 3. Open the door. → ________________________________ 4. Run in the hallway. → ________________________________ 5. Touch the hot water. → ________________________________ 二、单项选择 ( ) 1. _____ a break when you are tired. A. Take B. Takes C. Taking ( ) 2. _____ near the road. It's dangerous. A. Play B. Don't play C. Doesn't play ( ) 3. _____ your helmet before you ride. A. Wear B. Wears C. Wearing ( ) 4. Don't _____ the lift when there is a fire. A. use B. using C. uses ( ) 5. _____ the bite and put some medicine on it. A. Clean B. Cleans C. Cleaning 综合提升（55分） 一、单项选择（10分，每小题2分） ( ) 1. _____, choose a safe place. _____, warm up first. A. First; Next B. Next; First C. Then; First ( ) 2. You should _____ a helmet when you ride a bike. A. wear B. wears C. wearing ( ) 3. When someone _____ hurt, we should call for help. A. get B. gets C. getting ( ) 4. Don't _____ near the fire. A. play B. playing C. plays ( ) 5. _____, the firefighters put out the fire. A. First B. Next C. Finally 二、用所给词的适当形式填空（10分，每小题2分） 1. You should _____(wear) a helmet when you ride a bike. 2. _____(one), find the right place. 3. Don't _____(use) the lift when there is a fire. 4. When someone _____(get) hurt, we should help. 5. Next, _____(put) a cool cloth on your ankle. 三、句型转换（12分，每小题3分） 1. You should warm up before doing exercise. (改为否定句) _______________________________________________________________________ 2. Play near the fire. (改为否定祈使句) _______________________________________________________________________ 3. You should call 119 when you see a fire. (对画线部分提问) _______________________________________________________________________ 4. We should help when someone gets hurt. (对画线部分提问) _______________________________________________________________________ 四、阅读理解（13分） Read the passage and answer the questions. Safety is very important for everyone. When we do sports, we should always warm up first. Then, we should follow the rules. We should wear a helmet when we ride a bike. When someone gets hurt, we should stay calm. First, check if the person is safe. Next, call for help. Then, don't move the person if he or she has a bad injury. Finally, wait for the ambulance. We should also learn some first aid skills to help others. 1. What should we do first when we do sports? (2分) _______________________________________________________________________ 2. What should we wear when we ride a bike? (2分) _______________________________________________________________________ 3. What should we do when someone gets hurt? (3分) _______________________________________________________________________ 4. Why shouldn't we move the person with a bad injury? (2分) _______________________________________________________________________ 5. 请用First/Next/Then/Finally写一写「手受伤时的处理步骤」。(4分) _______________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________ 五、写作（10分） 请用First/Next/Then/Finally和should写一段话，介绍「遇到火灾时应该怎么做」。要求： 1. 使用顺序词描述步骤；2. 正确使用should/shouldn't；3. 词数40左右。 What to Do in a Fire _______________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________ 参考答案 【知识演练01】 一、(1) First (2) Next (3) Then (4) Finally (5) First (6) Next / Then 二、1-5 ACCAB 【知识演练02】 一、1. should 2. shouldn't 3. should 4. shouldn't 5. should 二、1-5 ABAAC 【知识演练03】 一、1. when you see a fire 2. When you are tired 3. When someone gets hurt 4. when it arrives 5. When it stops bleeding 二、1-5 ACAAB 【知识演练04】 一、1. Don't use the lift. 2. Don't play near the fire. 3. Don't open the door. 4. Don't run in the hallway. 5. Don't touch the hot water. 二、1-5 ABAAC 【综合提升】 一、1-5 AABAC 二、1. wear 2. First 3. use 4. gets 5. put 三、1. You shouldn't warm up before doing exercise. / You should not warm up before doing exercise. 2. Don't play near the fire. 3. When should you call 119? 4. When should we help? 四、1. We should warm up first. 2. We should wear a helmet. 3. We should stay calm. First, check if the person is safe. Next, call for help. Then, don't move the person if he or she has a bad injury. Finally, wait for the ambulance. 4. Because it may make the injury worse. 5. First, clean the cut. Next, press it to stop the bleeding. Then, put some medicine on it. Finally, cover it with a clean cloth. 五、参考范文： What to Do in a Fire When there is a fire, you should stay calm. First, call 119. Next, don't use the lift. Then, cover your nose and mouth with a wet cloth. Finally, leave the building quickly. You shouldn't go back into the building. 第 1 页 共 7 页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $