Unit 8 Making a Difference Section A（Grammar Focus）课件 2025-2026学年人教版英语八年级下册

该初中英语课件聚焦现在完成时中for与since的用法及延续性动词转换，通过复习Teng Fei志愿者经历和1b、2c对话导入，衔接旧知自然引出新知，搭建清晰的学习支架。 其亮点在于融合语言能力（短文填空、小组访谈训练语篇整合）、文化意识（动物收容所等志愿服务案例渗透公益精神）和思维品质（时间点与时间段辨析提升逻辑思维），采用任务型教学，学生能提升语法运用与跨文化理解能力，教师可高效落实语法教学与德育目标。

I love being a volunteer. I have worked with a sports organization for almost three years now. Since I started, I have helped out at over ten different sports events. I have made many new friends, and I have even met many famous athletes. For example, I met two national football players from argentina last month. They were at a stadium for a charity match. The stadium was so big that they got lost. I gave them directions and they smiled and thanked me warmly. I am proud to be a volunteer. Unit 8 Making a Difference What can we do to help? (Section A Grammar) 人教版(2024) 八年级下册 通过本节课学习,我能够: 1. 区分 for + 时间段、since + 时间点 / 从句 的用法。 2. 通过短文填空、小组访谈训练逻辑梳理与语篇整合能 力,提升辨析式思维。 3. 了解国内外志愿服务(动物收容所、红十字、乡村支 教、体育赛事志愿),树立奉献、互助的公益意识, 理解志愿服务文化价值。 Learning objectives Do you remember Teng Fei’s volunteer experience? Review What did Teng Fei do there? exercise with the elderly play Chinese chess teach some of the how to use a mobile phone What are Teng Fei’s and Ella’s thoughts? Many of the elderly are _ because their families don’t _ often. We must _ the elderly. We will all _ one day too. We can learn from their _. lonely visit them care for be old life stories and experiences Do you remember the conversations in 1b and 2c? How long have the three volunteers in 1b volunteered? Volunteer 1 has been a volunteer _. Volunteer 2 has been a volunteer _. Volunteer 3 has been a volunteer _. since last year for two weeks for about seven years How long has Rose been a volunteer at an animal shelter? How about Robert? Rose has been a volunteer _. for two years Robert has _ volunteered. never Lead-in Read the sentences. How are for and since used differently? Have you been to our animal shelter before? No, I haven’t. But one of my friends has volunteered here for a long time. Has she ever done volunteer work? Yes, she has. She has been a volunteer at a nursing home since last August. How long have you been a volunteer? I have been a volunteer here for a few months. How long has he worked as a volunteer at the museum? He has volunteered here since his summer holidays started. 4a 如何区分时间段和时间点呢? But one of my friends has volunteered here for a long time. She has been a volunteer at a nursing home since last August. since后面接时间点,强调动作或状态的开始时间。 for后面接时间段,强调动作或状态的持续时间。 试着说说哪些是时间点,哪些是时间段吧! 5:30 five years three minutes 2015 May 5 two months 时间点 时间点 时间段 时间点 时间段 时间段 时间点指的是具体的时间,比如1点、4月7日、2026年12月; 时间段指的是一段时间内,比如说三点到四点,中间这一个小时就是一段时间。 Have you been to our animal shelter before? No, I haven’t. But one of my friends has volunteered here for a long time. Has she ever done volunteer work? Yes, she has. She has been a volunteer at a nursing home since last August. How long have you been a volunteer? I have been a volunteer here for a few months. How long has he worked as a volunteer at the museum? He has volunteered here since his summer holidays started. 观察句中动词,你能发现什么? 这些动词都是延续性动词。 一、for 和 since 的用法: 现在完成时 现在完成时的“未完成”用法表示某一动作或状态从过去某时开始,一直延续至今,还可能继续下去。since和for是现在完成时当中常见的标志词。since意为“自从......”,for意为“持续了......”。since用来说明动作的开始时间,for用来说明动作延续的时间长度。 Grammar 1. 现在完成时+ for +一段时间 I haven’t seen her for a long time. 我好久没有见到她了。 2. 现在完成时 + since +表示过去的时间点 /一段时间+ago Mr. Smith has worked here since 2004. 自2004年以来,史密斯先生就在这里工作。 3. 现在完成时 + since +从句(一般过去时) He has learned about 5000 English words since he went to college. 自上大学以来他学了大约5000个英语单词。 =22 years ago. 自22年前起 Complete the sentences with for or since. 1. Mr. Brown has had his TV _ 15 years. 2. I’ve taken driving lessons _ last month. 3. My friends haven’t visited me _ my birthday. 4. We haven’t used our car _ a long time . 5. She hasn’t had a good cup of coffee _ years. 6. Tom has worn glasses _ he was 7 years old. for for for since since since 小试牛刀 小试牛刀 【难点】【易错】 1. 对“for + 一段时间、since + 表示过去的时间点或since + 从 句”的提问用how long。 2. 若现在完成时的句子中有如上三种时间状语,则谓语动词必 须用延续性动词。 延续性动词表示能够延续的动作,这种动作可以延续下去或产生持久影响,如learn, work, live, know, walk等。 二、延续性动词与非延续性动词 非延续性动词也叫终止性动词、瞬间动词等,表示不能延续的动作,这种动作发生后即刻停止,如open, close, die, begin, come, go, borrow等。 延续性动词可以在现在完成时中与表示一段时间的状语连用,如“for+一段时间”“since+过去的时间点” “since 引导的时间状语从句(一般过去时)”或“since +一段时间+ago”等。 My sister has kept these postcards since she was five. 我妹妹从五岁起就留着这些明信片了。 非延续性动词可以用于现在完成时,说明某个动作的结果还存在,但在肯定句中不能与表示一段时间的状语连用。 The old man has moved to India for two years. The old man has moved to India. 在否定句中,非延续性动词可以与表示一段时间的状语连用。 I haven’t heard from my friend for three days. 我已经三天没有收到朋友的消息了。 非延续性(短语)动词与延续性(短语)动词之间的转化 1. 直接转换成延续性动词: buy have borrow keep put on wear 2. 转换成be + 名词: join the army be a soldier come /go /become be join be a member of go to school be a student catch a cold have a cold come stay move to live in go to sleep sleep make friends be friends 3. 转换成be + 形容词/副词: die be dead finish be over begin /start be on 4. 转换成be + 介词短语: go to school be in school leave be away join the army be in the army fall asleep be asleep close be closed go out be out open be open fall ill be ill get up be up get to /arrive in /reach be in marry be married 同义句转换,每空一词。 1. His father died three years ago. His father _ _ _ for three years. 2. You are too late. The film began half an hour ago. You are too late. The film _ _ _ since half an hour ago. 3. They came to this school in 2015. They _ _ _ this school for eleven years. has been dead has been on has been in 小试牛刀 小试牛刀 4. Li Ming borrowed my dictionary the day before yesterday. Li Ming _ _ my dictionary since two days ago. 5. Mary left the company in 2005. Mary _ _ _ _ the company for twenty-one years. has kept has been away from Complete the sentences with the correct forms of the verbs in brackets and for or since. This college student enjoys volunteering for the army. She _ (teach) English to the soldiers _ three years. I _ (be) a member of the Red Cross for six years. I have made a lot of friends _ I joined the organization. Mr Wu has taught in a primary school as a volunteer _ two years now. _ he started working there, he _ (help) many students. The organization _ (train) over 6,000 volunteers _ it began to offer classes three years ago. has taught for have been since 4b for Since has helped has trained since Complete the passage with the correct forms of the verbs in brackets. I love being a volunteer! I _ (work) with a sports organization for almost three years now. Since I started, I _ (help) out at over ten different sports events. I _ (make) many new friends and I _ even _ (meet) many famous athletes. For example, I _ (meet) two national football players from Argentina last month. They were at a stadium for a charity match. The stadium _ (be) so big that they _ (get) lost. I gave them directions and they _ (smile) and _ (thank) me warmly. I am proud to be a volunteer. 4c Complete the passage with the correct forms of the verbs in brackets. I love being a volunteer! I _ (work) with a sports organization for almost three years now. Since I started, I _ (help) out at over ten different sports events. I _ (make) many new friends and I _ even _ (meet) many famous athletes. For example, I _ (meet) two national football players from Argentina last month. They were at a stadium for a charity match. The stadium _ (be) so big that they _ (get) lost. I gave them directions and they _ (smile) and _ (thank) me warmly. I am proud to be a volunteer. have worked have helped have made 4c have met met was got smiled thanked Work in groups. Interview your groupmates using the questions below. Share the answers with the class. 4d How long have you known your best friend/...? had your favourite toy/...? lived in your neighbourhood/...? I .... How long have you ...? A: How long have you known your best friend? B: I have known my best friend since we were six years old. A: How long have you had your favourite toy? B: I have had my favourite toy for about 6 months. A: How long have you lived in your neighbourhood? B: I have lived in my neighbourhood since 2020. Possible version 1. Mr Wu has taught in a primary school as a volunteer ... primary adj. 小学教育的;首要的 Language points My father teaches in a village primary school. 我父亲在一所乡村小学教书。 His primary concern is the safety of his family. 他首要关心的问题是家人的安全。 The primary reason for his success is his hard work. 他成功的主要原因是他的努力工作。 The primary stage of the project is very important. 项目的最初阶段非常重要。 2. ... I have helped out at over ten different sports events. help out 分担工作;帮忙做 Thanks for helping out! 谢谢你帮忙! She helped out with the charity sale. 她帮忙做慈善义卖。 He helped out by donating money to the cause. 他为这项事业捐款相助。 Can you help me out with this math problem? 你能帮我解决这道数学题吗? He always helps out his parents by fixing things around the house. 他总帮父母修理家里的东西。 其他与out相关的短语: work out 解决;锻炼;计算出 give out 用完;耗尽 find out 查明,发现 sort out 理顺;(从.....中)区分出来 3. They were at a stadium for a charity match. charity n. 慈善机构(或组织);慈善事业 The charity provides food for homeless people. 慈善组织为无家可归的人们提供食物。 He often donates for charity. 他经常为慈善事业捐款。 She often does charity work with her group. 她经常和小组成员一起做慈善工作。 There will be a charity performance next week. 下周将有一场义演。 The runners in the marathon raise money for charity. 马拉松运动员为慈善募捐。 4. I gave them directions and they smiled and thanked me warmly. warmly adv. 热情地;温暖地 I warmly thank all the people at the party. 我热情地感谢晚会上所有的人。 When we got to the farm, they welcomed us warmly. 当我们到达农场的时候,他们热情地欢迎我们。 The sun is shining warmly on the earth. 太阳温暖地照耀着大地。 She smiled warmly at me and I felt relaxed. 她热情地朝我微笑,我感到很放松。 The weather is warm today. Let's go for a walk. 今天天气很温暖,我们去散步吧。 They gave us a warm welcome. 他们热情地欢迎我们。 Section A (Grammar Focus) Grammar: 1. for 和 since 的用法 2. 延续性动词与非延续性动词 Summary 1. Gina _ (own) the car for two years. 2. Linda first _ (meet) Susan three months ago. 3. It is five years since Mary _ (come) back to her hometown. 4. The cinema _ (be) here for over 20 years. 5. Jenny _ (miss) her grandparents very much and wants to visit them next week. has owned met came has been misses I. 用所给词的适当形式填空。 Exercise 1. Linda bought the house last year.(改为同义句) Linda _ _ the house for one year. 2. His brother joined the army three years ago.(改为同义句) His brother _ _ in the army for three years. 3. Mark left his country when he was twelve.(改为同义句) Mark _ _ _ from his country since he was 12. has had II. 按要求完成下列各题,每空一词。 has been has been away 4. The film began five minutes ago.(改为同义句) The film _ _ _ for five minutes. The film _ _ _ since five minutes ago. 5. Mary has kept this book for a week.(对画线部分提问) _ _ _ Mary _ this book? 6. John has owned the pet dog since he was seven years old. (对画线部分提问) _ _ _ John _ the pet dog? has been on How long has kept has been on How long has owned Homework Memorize the example sentences in 4a and finish organizing the exercises 4b and 4c. Write 5 original sentences about your volunteer work or life experience with durations. Must do: Interview your family members, write down 3 pairs of questions and answers, and share them in the next class. Try to do: THANK $