Unit 8 Making a Difference 第3课时　Section A(Grammar Focus 4a—4d) 课件 2025-2026学年人教版英语八年级下册

Unit 8 Making a Difference 第三课时 Section A (Grammar Focus 4a—4d) 人教版 八年级 英语(下) 1 Read the sentences. How are for and since used differently? 4a Have you been to our animal shelter before? No, I haven't. But one of my friends has volunteered here for a long time. Has she ever done volunteer work? Yes, she has. She has been a volunteer at a nursing home since last August. How long have you been a volunteer? I have been a volunteer here for a few months. How long has he worked as a volunteer at the museum? He has volunteered here since his summer holidays started. Grammar Focus (一)含since或for的现在完成时 某些动词的现在完成时可表示从过去某一时间开始并一直持续到现在的动作或状态,常与“for+时间段”和“since +过去的时间点或从句”连用。 He has worked here for over twenty years. 他已经在这里工作二十多年了。 He has learnt about 2,000 English words since he started learning English. 他自开始学英语以来已经学了大约2000个英语单词。 The factory has been here since the 1970s. 这家工厂从 20 世纪 70 年代起就在这里了。 含for和含since的现在完成时的句子有时可互相转换。 我从 13 年前开始就住在这里。 I’ve lived here for 13 years. It has been 13 years since I began to live here. (二)现在完成时中的谓语动词规则变化 在含有现在完成时的肯定句中,与表示持续性时间的状语连用的动词一般为延续性动词,但在否定句中,可以用非延续性动词。 常见的延续性动词有have、live、teach、learn、work、study、know等;常见的非延续性动词(词组)有come、go、leave、start、die、finish、become、join、buy、get married等。 He has joined the communist youth League for two years. He has been a member of the communist youth League for two years. ( ) ( ) 第一课时 1a-2d 他加入共青团两年了。 I have bought this watch for two years. I have had this watch for two years. ( ) ( ) 第一课时 1a-2d 这块手表我买了两年了。 部分非延续性动词(词组)和与之对应的延续性动词(词组) 非延续性动词(词组) 延续性动词(词组) become be borrow keep buy have leave be away from fall asleep be asleep make friends be friends 非延续性动词(词组) 延续性动词(词组) finish be over open be open close be closed lose be lost die be dead 非延续性动词(词组) 延续性动词(词组) join be a member of/ be in begin/start be on come/go/arrive be in/at turn on/off be on/off get to know know marry/get married be married (三)现在完成时和一般过去时的区别 现在完成时:表示过去发生的某一动作对现在造成的影响或产生的结果,强调的是现在的情况;不能和表示过去的时间状语连用。 He has lived here since 2008. 自2008年以来他一直住在这里。 (他现在还住在这里) (三)现在完成时和一般过去时的区别 —般过去时:只表示过去的动作或状态,和现在不发生联系;可以和表示过去的时间状语连用。 He lived here in 2012. 2012年他住在这里。 (不涉及他现在是否还住在这里) Complete the sentences with the correct forms of the verbs in brackets and for or since. 4b 1. This college student enjoys volunteering for the army. She_(teach) English to the soldiers _ three years. 2. I_(be) a member of the Red Cross for six years. I have made a lot of friends _I joined the organization. has taught for have been since 13 3. Mr Wu has taught in a primary school as a volunteer _ two years now. _he started working there, he _(help) many students. 4. The organization_(train) over 6,000 volunteers _it began to offer classes three years ago. for Since has helped has trained since 4c Complete the passage with the correct forms of the verbs in brackets. I love being a volunteer! I_(work) with a sports organization for almost three years now. Since I started, I _ (help) out at over ten different sports events. I _(make) many new friends and I _ even _(meet) many famous athletes. For example, I _(meet) two national football players from Argentina last month. have worked have helped have made have met met They were at a stadium for a charity match. The stadium _(be) so big that they_ (get) lost. I gave them directions and they_(smile) and_(thank) me warmly.I am proud to be a volunteer. was got smiled thanked 4d Work in groups. Interview your groupmates using the questions below. Share the answers with the class. How long have you know your best friend/...? had your favourite toy/...? lived in your neighborhood/...? Sample In our group, Maria has lived in this neighborhood for only one year, but she knows it very well. Tom has lived in the neighborhood since he was a baby. And he has had his favorite toy, a soft teddy bear for 9 years. He received it on his fifth birthday. Tom has a good friend called Jimmy and they have been good friends for six years.... 1、 Linda likes serving in the army.琳达喜欢在军队服役。 army 作名词,意为“军队”,复数形式为 armies。 常见搭配:join the army(参军)、serve in the army(服兵役)、the army and navy(陆海两军)、regular army(正规军)。 He decided to join the army after graduation. 他毕业后决定参军。 Language points 19 2、 Mr Wu has taught in a primary school as a volunteer for two years now.作为志愿者吴先生现在已经在一所小学任教两年了。 primary adj. 小学教育的;首要的 (1)adj.小学教育的,用于名词前作定语。 primary school小学 primary education小学教育 For middle and primary school students, learning to cook has become a must. 对于中小学生来说,学习烹饪已经成为必须要做的事。 (2)adj.首要的 Personal safety is of primary importance. 人身安全至关重要。 3、 Since I started, I have helped out at over ten different sports events. 自我开始工作以来,我已经协助了十多场不同的体育赛事。 help out 意为“分担工作;帮忙做”。 help (sb) out with sth 帮助某人处理某事 Can you help me out with the heavy boxes? 你能帮我搬一下这些重箱子吗? I’ll help out with the party preparations. 我会帮忙准备派对。 4、 They were at a stadium for a charity match.他们正在体育场参加一场慈善比赛。 charity 名词 1)表示 “慈善(行为 / 事业)”,为不可数 do charity(做慈善) charity work(慈善工作) out of charity(出于慈善) All the money raised will be donated to charity. 所有筹集的资金将捐给慈善事业。 2)表示 “慈善机构 / 组织” ,可数,复数形式为 charities。 Several local charities are working together to help the victims. 几家当地慈善机构联手帮助灾民。 5、 I gave them directions and they smiled and thanked me warmly. 我为他们指了路,他们微笑并热情地感谢了我。 warmly adv. 热情地;温暖地 由“warm (adj. 温暖的) + -ly(副词后缀)”构成。 The villagers welcomed us warmly. 村民们热情地迎接我们。 Make sure that the children are dressed warmly. 一定要让孩子们穿得暖和。 1.Write 5 sentences about your own experiences using the present perfect tense with since and for. 2.Prepare a 1 -minute speech about a volunteer experience you have had or would like to have. Homework $Helmy hasn't sold any popcorn since thursday. Ham's got a job. He works at a cinema. He sells popcorn. Today is sunday. Amy has had this job since . monday. Amy has had this job for a week. He likes his new job and he loves popcorn. But harmy . hasn't sold . any popcorn for three days. Harmy hasn't sold any popcorn since thursday. What happened to the popcorn? Oh, no. What's . wrong, hammy? He's got a stomach cake. Has hammy had a stomach cake for a long time? Yes, he . has. How long has harmy had . a stomach ache? Harmy has had a stomach cake . for three days. He's eaten over the popcorn, and that's why he hasn't sold danny. Oh, hay, affirmative sentences. Negative sentences. Questions and answers. Four and since for a month, for a week, for five days, for two hours, for twenty minutes, since saturday, since february, since two thousand and eleven, since he . was ten拜。 In this film, we are going to have a look at a couple of prepositions of time that learners of english tend to confuse, namely for and since. When we talk about time, four is used to measure a timespan. Here are a few examples. SHE worked at the hospital for three years, or i'm planning on going to spain for three weeks. So four can be used to referred to a time span in the past or in the future. IT explains the duration of something, or in other words, how long something lasted or will lost. Therefore, four is always followed by a time expression that refers to a period of time, such as three minutes, two days, four years ago. Since, however, is a proposition of time that refers to a specific point. In the past, we could say we have been playing football since three o'clock or since SHE came home from the circus. SHE has been afraid of clowns. In other words, since is always used, refer to the starting point of something, that is to explain when something began. Therefore, since is always followed by a time expression that refers to a specific point in time, such as yesterday, last month or two thousand and eight, lets do a quick exercise to see if you've got the hang of IT. Which of the two prepositions goes together with each of these time expressions? Ten minutes for easter, since . nineteen . eighty eight, since . eleven . o'clock, since last night, since four . years for summer, since july. since a lifetime for a month, four last week, since a weekend for I am sure you're . master . the difference. Now go practice.