专题06 情态动词（can、could、should和could)（暑假复习）2026-2027学年九年级英语新教材人教版

专题06 情态动词（can、should和could) ( 脉 ｜ 络 ｜ 重 ｜ 构 ) ( 考 ｜ 点 ｜ 精 ｜ 讲 ) 知识点一 情态动词can /could 【课标要求】能在口头和书面表达中正确使用情态动词 can/could 描述：① can 表示当下具备的能力，could 表示过去拥有的能力（如 I can swim. I could ride a bike when I was six.）；② can 用于日常口语中请求、允许，could 作委婉句式，语气更客气（如 Can I use your pen? Could you help me?）；③ can 表示客观存在的可能性，否定 can’t 用于否定推测，意为 “不可能”（如 It can’t be true.）；④ could 用于委婉提出建议、设想，不指代过去时间（如 You could try this new way.）；⑤ 掌握 can、could 后必须搭配动词原形，以及一般疑问句、否定句的标准变换句式。 一、基本用法 1. can 的直接用法 含义：表示直接请求或许可，语气较随意，适用于熟悉的人或非正式场合。 结构：请求许可：Can I + 动词原形？（我可以…… 吗？） 请求帮助：Can you + 动词原形？（你能…… 吗？） ① 请求许可： Can I put some flowers on the table?我可以把一些花放在桌子上吗？ ② 请求帮助： Can you help me hang up the photos?你能帮我挂上这些照片吗？ 2. could 的委婉用法 含义：表示委婉请求或许可，语气更礼貌、正式，适用于陌生人或正式场合。 结构：请求许可：Could I + 动词原形？（我可以…… 吗？） 请求帮助：Could you + 动词原形？（你能…… 吗？） ① 请求许可： Could I hang out with my friends after lunch?午饭后我能和朋友们一起出去玩吗？ ② 请求帮助： Could you please sweep the floor?你能扫一下地吗？ 二、中考必考句式结构（高频考点：请求vs许可辨析） 1. 请求他人帮助（主语为you） •直接请求（日常场景）：Can you + V原？ Can you pass me the salt?（你能递下盐吗？） •礼貌请求（正式/对长辈）：Could you (please) + V原？ Could you give me a ride to town?（你能载我去镇上吗？） 2. 申请自己许可（主语为I/we） •直接许可（熟人之间）：Can I + V原？ Can I stay out until eleven?（我能待到11点吗？） •礼貌许可（试探语气）：Could I + V原？ Could I use your computer?（我能用你电脑吗？） 3. 特殊注意：Could的“非过去式”用法（高频易错题） 在请求/许可中，Could不表示过去，仅表礼貌，回答时可用can/can’t（不用could）： •问：Could I borrow your book?（我能借你书吗？） •答：Yes, you can. / No, you can’t.（√ 不用could） 三、中考常考答语搭配 问句类型 肯定回答 否定回答 教材原句示例 请求（Can/Could you...?） Sure./No problem./Of course. Sorry, but...（需说明理由） ①Can you help me? Sure!②Could you sweep the floor? Yes, Dad. I’ll do it at once. 许可（Can/Could I...?） Yes, you can./Of course you can. No, you can’t.（直接拒绝）/I’m afraid not.（更委婉） ①Can I put flowers here? Yes, good idea!②Could I go out? Sorry, you have to pack up first. 【典例破题】Jack is good at running. He ________ run 100 meters in 11 seconds. A．can B．must C．should D．need 【答案】A 【详解】句意：杰克擅长跑步。他能在11秒内跑完100米。 can能；must必须；should应该；need需要。根据前句“Jack is good at running.”可知，此处强调能力，表示他能够做到。应填can。 【巩固提升1】—Jim, ________ I use your computer? —Yes, of course you ________. A．could; could B．can; should C．can; must D．could; can 【答案】D 【详解】句意：——吉姆，我可以用一下你的电脑吗？——当然可以。 考查情态动词。could（can的过去式）可以，表示更委婉的请求；can可以，表示允许或能力；should应该；must必须。问句表示委婉请求，用could更礼貌；答句表示肯定允许，用can回答。故选D。 【巩固提升2】He didn’t go over his lessons carefully, so he ________ pass the final exam. A．mustn’t B．needn’t C．couldn’t D．shouldn’t 【答案】C 【详解】句意：他没有认真复习功课，所以没能通过期末考试。 mustn’t表示禁止，needn’t表示不必，couldn’t表示不能、没能，shouldn’t表示不应该，根据语境，他因没复习而无法通过考试，用couldn’t表示过去的能力上的否定。 【巩固提升3】—Is that Mr Wang walking in the park? —It ________ be him. He has gone to Shanghai for a trip. A．mustn’t B．can’t C．may not D．might not 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——那是王先生在公园里散步吗？——不可能是他。他已经去上海旅行了。 mustn’t禁止；can’t不可能，表示有把握的否定推测；may not可能不，表示不确定性推测；might not可能不，表示不确定性推测。后一句“He has gone to Shanghai for a trip.”提示，王先生去了上海，不在现场，表示有把握的否定推测用can’t。 知识点二 情态动词should 【课标要求】能在口头和书面表达中正确使用情态动词 should 描述：① 向他人提出委婉合理的建议，劝导对方规范行为（如 You should listen to teachers carefully.）；② 表达自身以及他人应尽的责任与义务（如 We should help people in need.）；③ 使用否定形式 shouldn’t 表达不应该、不可以做某事（如 You shouldn’t eat too much junk food.）；④ 用于一般疑问句，礼貌征求对方意见（如 Should I close the door?）；⑤ 掌握 should 后接动词原形，无人称和数的变化这一基本用法规则。 一、基本用法 （1）should 表委婉建议、劝导 含义：向他人提出合理意见，语气温和，多用于生活交际提对策。 结构：主语 + should + 动词原形（你 / 我们应该……） ① 给他人提建议： You should drink more hot water when you have a cold. 感冒时你应该多喝热水。 ② 给出通用劝导： We should take notes carefully in English class. 我们上英语课应该认真记笔记。 （2）should 表责任、义务 含义：表达人分内该做的事，强调道德、规则层面的应当。 结构：主语 + should + 动词原形 ① 个人责任： Everyone should keep our classroom clean. 每个人都应该保持教室整洁。 ② 社会义务： We should respect the old people. 我们应当尊敬老人。 （3）shouldn’t 表劝阻、不应当（禁止类委婉表达） 含义：指出错误行为，劝告不要做某事，语气比 mustn’t 柔和。 结构：主语 + shouldn’t + 动词原形（不应该……） ① 劝阻不良行为： You shouldn’t stay up late every night. 你不应该每晚熬夜。 ② 提醒遵守规则： We shouldn’t talk loudly in the library. 我们不该在图书馆大声交谈。 （4）should 表温和推测（初中拓展考点） 含义：依据常理、客观情况做大概率推测，意为 “理应、应该会”。 结构：主语 + should + 动词原形 The train should arrive in ten minutes. 火车十分钟后应该就到了。 二、中考必考句式结构（高频考点：建议、义务、疑问句辨析） （1）陈述句提建议 / 讲义务（主语为人称代词） ・正向建议：主语 + should + V She should finish homework first.（她应该先完成作业。） ・反向劝阻：主语 + shouldn’t + V He shouldn’t play games all day.（他不该整天玩游戏。） （2）一般疑问句（征求意见，我 / 我们是否该做某事） 结构：Should + 主语 + V 原？（我 / 我们应该…… 吗？） Should I tell him the truth?（我应该告诉他真相吗？） Should we plant more trees?（我们应该多种树吗？） 高频易错点：should 无人称、时态变化，后永久接动词原形 错误：He should goes home. 正确：He should go home. （3）拓展：过去场景表达本该做（虚拟考点）：should have done（中考阅读偶尔出现） You should have got up earlier. 你本应该早点起床。 三、中考常考答语搭配 问句类型 肯定回答 否定回答 教材原句示例 Should I/we...?（询问自己是否该做某事） Yes, you should./I think you should. No, you shouldn’t./I don’t think you should. ①Should I take this road? Yes, you should. ②Should I watch TV now? No, you shouldn’t. Should he/she/they...?（询问他人是否该做某事） Yes, he/she/they should. No, he/she/they shouldn’t. ①Should Tom apologize? Yes, he should. ②Should they give up? No, they shouldn’t. 给对方提建议 You should...（陈述句，无问答） That’s a good idea./You’re right. I don’t think so. A: You should exercise every day. B: That’s a good idea. 【典例破题】If you want to keep healthy, you ________ exercise at least three times a week. A．might B．should C．need D．may 【答案】B 【详解】句意：如果你想保持健康，你应该每周至少锻炼三次。 might 可能；should 应该；need 需要；may 可以。根据If you want to keep healthy可知此处是在提出建议，表示为了健康应该去做某事，should符合语境逻辑，其他选项均不符合。 【巩固提升1】If she leaves now, she ________ arrive by 8 p.m. A．could B．should C．mustn’t D．can’t 【答案】B 【详解】句意：如果她现在出发，她应该能在晚上8点前到达。 could可能；should应该；mustn’t禁止；can’t不可能。根据“If she leaves now”可知是根据条件进行的合理推测，表示预期结果，should符合语境。 【巩固提升2】Though she enjoyed her trip to the South Pole, she ________ all her savings (存款) on it. A．should spend B．should have spent C．shouldn’t spend D．shouldn’t have spent 【答案】D 【详解】句意：虽然她很喜欢南极之旅，但她本不该把全部积蓄都花在这上面。 考查should的用法。should spend应该花费；should have spent本应该花费（但实际没花）；shouldn’t spend不应该花费；shouldn’t have spent本不应该花费（但实际花了）。根据题干可知，她本不应该花掉所有的积蓄，但实际上却花掉了。“shouldn’t have+过去分词”用于表示过去不该做但做了的事，因此shouldn’t have spent符合语境。故选D。 【巩固提升3】—Hefei has changed so much these years. It’s now a center for science and technology. —Right! So we ________ protect its environment and develop green spaces for everyone to enjoy. A．can B．may C．should D．need 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——合肥这些年变化太大了。现在它是一个科学技术中心。——是的！所以我们应该保护它的环境并开发绿色空间供每个人享受。 can能，可以；may可能，可以；should应该；need需要。根据对话语境可知，鉴于合肥的发展成就，保护环境和开发绿色空间是大家应尽的责任，表示“应该”做某事用should。 一、单项选择 1．—Can you go to the movies with me tonight? —Sorry, I ________. I have to finish my homework first. A．can’t B．mustn’t C．needn’t D．shouldn’t 【答案】A 【详解】句意：——今晚你能和我一起去看电影吗？——对不起，我不能。我必须先完成我的作业。 can’t不能；mustn’t禁止；needn’t不必；shouldn’t不应该。根据“I have to finish my homework first.”可知，此处表示“不能”去看电影，应填can’t。 2．—________ I borrow the paintings from you, Miss Chen? —Sorry, you ________. These are only for members of the art club. A．Could; could B．Can; needn’t C．Could; can’t D．Can; can 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——陈小姐，我可以从你那里借这些画吗？——对不起，你不能。这些仅供艺术俱乐部的会员使用。 考查情态动词的用法。Could能，可以，表示请求时语气更委婉；Can能，可以，表示请求时语气更直接；needn’t不需要；can’t不可以；第一个空，根据“borrow the paintings from you”可知，此处表示请求许可，常用Could或Can，但Could更委婉，礼貌，第一个空用Could；第二个空，根据“Sorry”可知，是否定回答，表示“不能”，用can’t。故选C。 3．—________ I use your dictionary, Tina? —Of course, you can. Here it is. A．Should B．Must C．Need D．Can 【答案】D 【详解】句意：——蒂娜，我可以用一下你的字典吗？——当然可以。给你。 考查情态动词辨析。should应该；must必须；need需要；can可以。根据答句“Of course, you can.”可知，问句是在请求对方许可使用字典，应用“can”，故选D。 4．—Could you please help me fold the clothes, Tom? —Sure, I ________, Uncle Lee. I ________ fold my own T-shirts at the age of four. A．can; could B．could; could C．can; can D．could; can 【答案】A 【详解】句意：——汤姆，你能帮我叠衣服吗？——当然，我可以，李叔叔。我四岁的时候就能自己叠T恤了。 考查情态动词用法。can能够；could是can的过去式。根据“Could you please...”可知，是请求别人做某事的一般疑问句，could表示委婉语气，肯定回答用can。后一句“at the age of four”是说过去会做某事，用can的过去式could。故选A。 5．Jack has gone to Miss Li’s office, so he ________ in the classroom now. A．must be B．can be C．mustn’t be D．can’t be 【答案】D 【详解】句意：杰克已经去李老师的办公室了，所以他现在不可能在教室里。 must be一定是；can be可能是；mustn’t be禁止是；can’t be不可能是。根据“has gone to Miss Li’s office”可知，他不在教室里，表示否定推测用can’t be。应填can’t be。 6．—Is this bike Lucy’s? —Well, it ________ be Lucy’s. Hers is red, but it is blue. A．can’t B．must C．should D．needn’t 【答案】A 【详解】句意：——这是露西的自行车吗？——嗯，它不可能是露西的。她的是红色的。但它是蓝色的。 考查情态动词。can’t不可能；must必须；should应该；needn’t不必。根据“Hers is red, but it is blue.”可知，它不可能是露西的。故选A。 7．—Why didn’t you come to the meeting yesterday? —I ________ come because I was sick. A．may not B．mustn’t C．couldn’t D．shouldn’t 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——你昨天为什么没来开会？——我因为生病不能来。 考查动词辨析。may not可能不；mustn’t禁止；couldn’t不能；shouldn’t不应该。根据“because I was sick.”可知是因为生病不能来。故选C。 8．When I lived at home, I __________ watch TV whenever I wanted to. A．may B．could C．must D．should 【答案】B 【详解】句意：当我住在家里时，我可以随时看电视。 考查情态动词。may可能；could可以；must必须；should应该。根据“When I lived at home”可知，在家时可以随时看电视，用could符合题意。故选B。 9．—________ I use your phone? I want to call my mom. — Of course. A．Should B．Could C．Must D．Need 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——我可以用一下你的电话吗？我想给我妈妈打个电话。——当然可以。 Should应该；Could可以（表示礼貌请求）；Must必须；Need需要。根据答语“Of course.”可知，此处是礼貌地请求对方允许，应填Could。 10．—Could I use your phone to call my parents? —________. Here you are. A．Sorry, you can’t B．Yes, you could C．Sure D．No, thanks 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——我可以用你的手机给我父母打个电话吗？——当然可以。给你。 考查情境交际用语。Sorry, you can’t抱歉，你不能；Yes, you could是的，你可以；Sure当然；No, thanks不，谢谢。根据答语“Here you are”可知，同意对方借手机，因此应选择表示肯定的回答；句型Could I...?是委婉的请求，肯定回应不用Yes, you could，口语中常用Sure/Of course/Certainly，因此Sure符合语境。故选C。 11．—What ________ I do when my parents don’t agree with me? —You ________ talk with them and let them know your thoughts. A．needn’t; should B．could; shouldn’t C．can; can’t D．should; can 【答案】D 【详解】句意：——当我的父母不同意我的想法时，我应该做什么？——你可以和他们谈谈，让他们知道你的想法。 考查情态动词辨析。needn’t不需要；should应该；could能；shouldn’t不应该；can能，可以；can’t不能。根据“What...I do when my parents don’t agree with me”可知，第一个空用于询问建议，应选用表示建议的情态动词；根据“talk with them and let them know your thoughts.”可知，第二个空用于给出建议，应选用表示建议或可能性的情态动词，结合选项可知，选项D符合语境。故选D。 12．My baby sister is coughing a lot. She ________ see a doctor soon. A．should B．may C．can D．need 【答案】A 【详解】句意：我的小妹妹咳嗽得很厉害。她应该马上去看医生。 考查情态动词。should应该；may可能；can能；need需要。根据“see a doctor”可知她咳嗽，所以是应该去看医生。故选A。 13．—Could you please help me make my bed? —I’m afraid I ________. You ________ do it on your own. A．could; may B．can’t; should C．could; should D．can; shouldn’t 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——你能帮我整理床铺吗？——恐怕我不能。你应该自己做。 考查情态动词辨析。could能够，用于一般过去时；may可以，用于请求许可；can’t不能，表示能力或可能性不足；should应该，表示建议或义务；shouldn’t不应该。根据“I’m afraid”和“on your own”可知，前者表示无法帮忙，用can’t；后者建议对方独立完成，用should。故选B。 14．Animals are humans’ friends. We ________ be kind to them and protect them. A．may B．would C．might D．should 【答案】D 【详解】句意：动物是人类的朋友。我们应该善待它们并保护它们。 考查情态动词。may可能，表推测或允许；would将会，表过去将来或委婉请求；might可能，语气比may更弱；should应该，表责任、义务或建议。根据上文“Animals are humans’ friends.”可知，动物是人类的朋友，所以这里应用“should”来强调善待和保护动物是人类应尽的责任。故选D。 15．Don’t talk to the old like that, Jack. We ________ be patient with them and show our love and kindness to them. A．can B．may C．should D．would 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——不要那样和老人说话，杰克。我们应该对他们有耐心，并向他们展示我们的爱和善意。 考查情态动词的用法。can能够；may可能；should应该；would愿意。根据“be patient with them and show our love and kindness to them”可知，此处表达的是对老人的态度和责任，强调应该对他们有耐心和关爱他们，用should。故选C。 16．We ________ plant more trees to make Wenshan a green city. A．should B．may C．can’t D．shouldn’t 【答案】A 【详解】句意：我们应该种更多的树，让文山成为一个绿色的城市。 考查动词词义辨析。should应该；may也许；can’t不能；shouldn’t不应该。根据“to make Wenshan a green city”可知，此处表示责任或义务。故选A。 17．When our parents become too old to take care of themselves one day, we ______ look after them well. A．should B．shouldn’t C．may not D．could 【答案】A 【详解】句意：当我们的父母有一天变得太老而不能照顾自己时，我们应该照顾好他们。 考查情态动词。should应该；shouldn’t不应该；may not可能不；could可以。根据“When our parents become too old to take care of themselves one day”可知，当父母老去那一天，我们应该照顾他们，这是我们的责任和义务，应用“应该”should。故选A。 18．—I’m not feeling well, Dr. Green. My stomach aches a lot. —You _________ take some medicine and lie down for a rest. A．should B．can C．shouldn’t D．can’t 【答案】A 【详解】句意：——我感觉不舒服，格林医生。我胃疼得厉害。——你应该吃点药，躺下休息一下。 考查动词辨析。should应该；can能；shouldn’t不应该；can’t不能。根据“take some medicine and lie down for a rest”可知，此处是建议病人“应该”吃药和休息来缓解不适，故选A。 19．—________ you please clean the house, Tom? Your grandma is coming here. — Sure, no problem. A．May B．Should C．Must D．Could 【答案】D 【详解】句意：——汤姆，你能打扫一下房子吗？你奶奶要来了。——当然，没问题。 考查情态动词辨析。May可以；Should应该；Must必须；Could可以。May通常用来表示可以，一般用于第一人称，如May I ...?；Should带有建议或义务的语气；Must语气较为强硬；Could用于礼貌地提出请求，Could you please...?是固定的礼貌请求句式，符合此处语境。故选D。 20．—Mom, could I watch TV for half an hour? —______. You’ll have an exam tomorrow. You must sleep now. A．No, you couldn’t B．Sure, of course C．Yes, sure D．No, you can’t 【答案】D 【详解】句意：——妈妈，我能看半小时电视吗？——不，你不能。你明天有考试。你现在必须睡觉。 考查could引导的一般疑问句。根据“could I watch TV for half an hour?”可知，此处could表示委婉的请求，肯定回答用“Yes, you can”，否定回答用“No, you can’t”；结合“You’ll have an exam tomorrow. You must sleep now.”可知，此处应是否定回答。故选D。 二、完形填空 先通读短文，掌握其大意，然后从A、B、C、D四个选项中选出一个可以填入相应空白处的最佳答案。 In spring there were colourful flowers in my mother’s garden. In my memories, they seemed to appear during one night like 1 . Until the year I turned ten, my mother shared her secret. One 2 December morning, my mother dressed me in warm sweaters and we went to the yard. She said, “We are going to 3 some bulbs (鳞茎).” I pulled out a bulb from a bag and covered my nose right away. “It 4 bad and looks like a rock!” I said. “These will turn into something beautiful in spring 5 they are not pretty now. We won’t know for sure unless they 6 in the warm seasons.” We planted the bulbs and covered them with earth. When we finished working, our hands were 7 and dirty but the garden looked just the same as it was before. My mother and I looked after them very 8 and watched them grow all through the winter months. One 9 morning, beautiful flowers filled the garden. “Our hard work made it, Mum! I’ll pick some flowers for our 10 . I believe our living room will be more beautiful,” I shouted. But my mother said, “Sorry! It’s time to prepare for May Basket Day. We’ll pick the flowers and make flower baskets for our neighbours. They’re secret gifts. 1 will know the flowers are from us. Flowers are like kindness—they grow brighter when we 2 them.” The next morning, we put the flowers near the neighbours’ doors, rang the doorbells, ran away and 3 . The neighbours opened the doors and began to smile when they noticed the flowers. All of them were very 4 to get so wonderful May gifts. The garden was empty (空的) but my heart was 5 . I realized the true magic in my mother’s garden wasn’t just in the flowers, but in the joy of giving. 1．A．music B．art C．hope D．magic 2．A．wet B．dry C．cold D．hot 3．A．make B．cut C．plant D．include 4．A．smells B．tastes C．sounds D．keeps 5．A．but B．although C．because D．so 6．A．put out B．work out C．help out D．come out 7．A．white B．black C．green D．blue 8．A．nervously B．differently C．carefully D．easily 9．A．April B．July C．September D．November 10．A．shop B．home C．school D．neighbourhood 11．A．Somebody B．Anybody C．Everybody D．Nobody 12．A．buy B．sell C．borrow D．share 13．A．hid B．beat C．drove D．waved 14．A．angry B．peaceful C．joyful D．mad 15．A．full B．awake C．heavy D．curious 【答案】 1．D 2．C 3．C 4．A 5．B 6．D 7．B 8．C 9．A 10．B 11．D 12．D 13．A 14．C 15．A 【解析】本文讲述了作者十岁时，母亲带他在冬天种下鳞茎，春天开花后做成秘密礼物送给邻居，体现了给予的快乐。 1．句意：在我的记忆中，它们似乎在一夜之间出现，就像魔法一样。 文章最后一段提到“true magic”，此处与之呼应，花朵一夜绽放像有魔力一般，magic表示“魔力”。 2．句意：一个寒冷的十二月的早晨，妈妈给我穿上暖和的毛衣，然后我们来到院子里。 第二段提到“December”和“warm sweaters”，可知天气cold（寒冷）。 3．句意：我们要去种一些鳞茎。 第二段提到“We planted the bulbs”可知是去种植，plant种植，符合词义。 4．句意：它闻起来很糟，看起来像石头！ 第二段提到“covered my nose” 可知是捂鼻子闻味道，smells闻起来，符合逻辑。 5．句意：虽然它们现在不漂亮，但春天会变美。 空处前后是让步关系，且句中无逗号分隔，用 although 引导从句。but通常连接并列句，不符合要求。 6．句意：只有等到温暖的时节它们开花，我们才能确定（它们会长得很美）。 根据上下文，空处指鳞茎开花，come out开放，符合句意。put out扑灭，work out解决，help out帮忙，都不符合。 7．句意：我们忙完后，我们的双手又黑又脏，可院子看上去和之前没什么两样。 根据“dirty”和接触泥土常识可知手变黑，black黑色，符合句意。其他颜色不符。 8．句意：我和妈妈十分细心地照料它们，整个冬季都观察着它们的生长。 根据“looked after”可知是仔细照顾，用carefully。其他副词不符逻辑。 9．句意：一个四月的早晨。 根据“spring”和“May Basket Day”可知是五月前的四月。其他月份不符。 10．句意：我会为我们的家摘些花。 根据“living room”可知是为了装饰家，home家，符合句意。其他地点不符。 11．句意：没人知道花是我们送的。 根据“secret gifts”可知是秘密，没人知道，用Nobody。其他代词矛盾。 12．句意：鲜花就如同善意—— 当我们将其分享出去时，它会绽放得更加绚烂动人。 根据“kindness”和送花行为可知是分享善意，share分享，符合文意。 13．句意：第二天早上，我们把鲜花放在邻居家门口，按响门铃后就跑开躲了起来。 根据“secret”和“ran away”可知是为了不被发现而躲藏，hid隐藏，符合句意。其他动作不符。 14．句意：他们很高兴收到如此棒的五月份礼物。 根据“smile”和“wonderful”可知他们是快乐的，joyful开心的，符合句意。其他情感不符。 15．句意：花园空了但我的心是满的。 根据“but”可知，empty和full形成对比，指内心充实。 三、阅读理解 Sometimes, making someone happy is easy—just say a few words that really satisfy him. From strangers to your family and closest friends, there are many nice things we can say to them to bring a little kindness to the world. However, some people find it difficult to say something nice to others. Recently, the topic “Don’t feel ashamed to give praise” has gone popular on social media. People shared personal experiences when people felt too shy to say something nice about someone. They also expressed their worries: “What if others think my words are just flattery(奉承)?” “What if I praise someone and only get the cold shoulder?” Because of these fears, some choose to stay quiet, leaving kind words unsaid. This small habit seems harmless, but it can hide our true feelings. Little by little, we get used to keeping our praise, care and kindness deep inside. Over time, it can change our relationships and even reduce our own sense of happiness. As a result, we may start to feel distant from others. In fact, saying something nice doesn’t mean we are trying to please others against our wishes. Instead, it shows we pay attention to the strengths and efforts of those around us, and we value and respect them. A simple and sincere praise can warm someone’s heart, reduce misunderstandings (误会) and bring people together. So next time you see your friend wearing a beautiful coat, why not give him sincere praise? For example, you can focus on details like “This colour looks great on you!” or “You really have good taste in music!” These kind words not only make your friend happy but also create a pleasant feeling between you. Kind words cost nothing, but they can mean everything. 1．Why do some people find it hard to praise others? A．Because they like to keep their praise inside. B．Because they think kind words cost too much. C．Because they may praise others against wishes. D．Because they worry others will not like their words. 2．What does the phrase “cold shoulder” in Paragraph 2 probably mean? A．A polite and warm welcome. B．A shy and quiet conversation. C．A silent and unfriendly reply. D．A cold and dishonest manner. 3．The writer mentions “This colour looks great on you” as an example to show that ________. A．praise on clothing is always the perfect choice B．a simple and detailed praise can build good relationships C．a simple praise can sometimes reduce misunderstandings D．friends usually care more about their appearance than other things 4．What would be the best title of the passage? A．The Secret to True Happiness B．Why We Should Not Praise Others C．The Power of a Sincere Praise D．How to Avoid Misunderstandings 5．What is the writer’s main purpose in writing this passage? A．To explain why some people are afraid of giving praise. B．To encourage readers to express sincere praise to others. C．To tell readers how to tell flattery from true praise. D．To show that keeping kind words inside is sometimes better. 【答案】1．D 2．C 3．B 4．C 5．B 【解析】本文是一篇议论文。讲述了人们不敢真诚赞美他人的原因、负面影响，并鼓励大家勇敢表达善意与赞美。 1．文章第三段第四句、第五句“What if others think my words are just flattery?”“What if I praise someone and only get the cold shoulder?”指出，人们担心别人不喜欢自己的赞美，所以难以开口。 2．根据画线词所在句“What if I praise someone and only get the cold shoulder?”并结合该段中人们担心赞美会被视为奉承可推知，人们害怕赞美别人后得到冷淡、不友好的回应，因此“cold shoulder”意为“沉默而不友好的回应”。 3．文章第六段“A simple and sincere praise can warm someone’s heart... create a pleasant feeling between you.”指出，作者举这个例子是为了说明简单而具体的赞美可以增进人际关系。 4．通读全文，文章开头指出赞美很容易，接着分析人们不敢赞美的原因及其负面影响，然后指出真诚赞美的价值并鼓励读者表达赞美。全文围绕“真诚赞美的力量”展开。 5．根据第六段中的“So next time you see your friend wearing a beautiful coat, why not give him sincere praise?”以及最后一段“Kind words cost nothing, but they can mean everything.”可知，作者的主要目的是鼓励读者向他人表达真诚的赞美。 四、短文填空 阅读下面短文内容，在空白处填入一个适当的单词或用所给单词的正确形式填空。 As the saying 1 (go), “Life is like a box of chocolates, you never know what you will get.” During our 2 (prepare) for the entrance exam for senior high school, we might get the bitter (苦的) chocolate. The bitterness comes from many things, 3 (include) getting up early, doing all kinds of exercises and so on. But when we taste the bitterness carefully, we will be 4 (surprise) to discover some sweetness in it. The sweetness comes from the people who love us. The 5 (firstly) must be our parents. They helped us to tidy up our rooms and prepare delicious meals. Besides, we want to express thanks to our teachers. They helped us to bring out the best in 6 (our). Also, we shouldn’t forget our classmates. They helped us to keep moving when we wanted to give up. 7 the help of all of them, we could 8 (achievement) so much in our life. And life is the same. Bitterness is just the outside, 9 the sweetness is the inside. When we think life is not what we expect, we can look on 10 bright side and will find something nice. 【答案】 1．goes 2．preparation/preparations 3．including 4．surprised 5．first 6．ourselves 7．With 8．achieve 9．but/while/yet 10．the 【解析】本文通过引用名言“生活就像一盒巧克力”，讲述了在备考高中入学考试期间，虽然过程充满苦涩，但来自父母、老师和同学的关爱带来了甜蜜，强调了要看到生活中积极的一面。 1．句意：正如俗话所说，“生活就像一盒巧克力，你永远不知道你会得到什么。”主语“As the saying”为第三人称单数，且陈述客观事实或普遍真理，故需用一般现在时的第三人称单数形式goes。 2．句意：在我们准备高中入学考试的过程中，我们可能会吃到苦巧克力。“our”是形容词性物主代词，后接名词，prepare的名词形式为preparation，此处可用单数或复数。 3．句意：苦涩来自许多事情，包括早起、做各种练习等等。句中有谓语动词，此处表示“包括”，后接动名词或名词短语，用介词including。 4．句意：但是当我们仔细品尝苦涩时，我们会惊讶地发现其中的一些甜蜜。主语为we，be surprised to do sth.是固定搭配，表示“对做某事感到惊讶”，形容人的感受用-ed结尾的形容词surprised。 5．句意：第一个一定是我们的父母。此处修饰整个句子或作为序数概念，firstly是副词，此处指“第一个”，常用first。 6．句意：他们帮助我们发掘了我们自己最好的一面。固定搭配bring out the best in sb.表示“把某人最好的一面展现出来”。句中已有“helped us”，不定式“to bring out the best in...”的逻辑主语是前面的“us”（我们），表示“我们”去发掘“我们自己”身上的潜力，用反身代词ourselves强调“自身”。 7．句意：在所有这些人的帮助下，我们在生活中取得了如此多的成就。With the help of...是固定搭配，表示“在……的帮助下”，位于句首首字母大写。 8．句意：在所有这些人的帮助下，我们在生活中取得了如此多的成就。could是情态动词，后接动词原形，achievement是名词，其动词形式为achieve，意为“获得”。 9．句意：苦涩只是外表，而甜蜜才是内在。前后分句表示对比关系，意为“然而/但是”，可用but, while或yet连接。 10．句意：当我们要认为生活不是我们所期望的那样时，我们可以看看光明的一面，会发现一些美好的东西。look on the bright side是固定搭配，表示“看光明的一面/往好处想”。 19 / 21 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题06 情态动词（can、should和could) ( 脉 ｜ 络 ｜ 重 ｜ 构 ) ( 考 ｜ 点 ｜ 精 ｜ 讲 ) 知识点一 情态动词can /could 【课标要求】能在口头和书面表达中正确使用情态动词 can/could 描述：① can 表示当下具备的能力，could 表示过去拥有的能力（如 I can swim. I could ride a bike when I was six.）；② can 用于日常口语中请求、允许，could 作委婉句式，语气更客气（如 Can I use your pen? Could you help me?）；③ can 表示客观存在的可能性，否定 can’t 用于否定推测，意为 “不可能”（如 It can’t be true.）；④ could 用于委婉提出建议、设想，不指代过去时间（如 You could try this new way.）；⑤ 掌握 can、could 后必须搭配动词原形，以及一般疑问句、否定句的标准变换句式。 一、基本用法 1. can 的直接用法 含义：表示直接请求或许可，语气较随意，适用于熟悉的人或非正式场合。 结构：请求许可：Can I + 动词原形？（我可以…… 吗？） 请求帮助：Can you + 动词原形？（你能…… 吗？） ① 请求许可： Can I put some flowers on the table?我可以把一些花放在桌子上吗？ ② 请求帮助： Can you help me hang up the photos?你能帮我挂上这些照片吗？ 2. could 的委婉用法 含义：表示委婉请求或许可，语气更礼貌、正式，适用于陌生人或正式场合。 结构：请求许可：Could I + 动词原形？（我可以…… 吗？） 请求帮助：Could you + 动词原形？（你能…… 吗？） ① 请求许可： Could I hang out with my friends after lunch?午饭后我能和朋友们一起出去玩吗？ ② 请求帮助： Could you please sweep the floor?你能扫一下地吗？ 二、中考必考句式结构（高频考点：请求vs许可辨析） 1. 请求他人帮助（主语为you） •直接请求（日常场景）：Can you + V原？ Can you pass me the salt?（你能递下盐吗？） •礼貌请求（正式/对长辈）：Could you (please) + V原？ Could you give me a ride to town?（你能载我去镇上吗？） 2. 申请自己许可（主语为I/we） •直接许可（熟人之间）：Can I + V原？ Can I stay out until eleven?（我能待到11点吗？） •礼貌许可（试探语气）：Could I + V原？ Could I use your computer?（我能用你电脑吗？） 3. 特殊注意：Could的“非过去式”用法（高频易错题） 在请求/许可中，Could不表示过去，仅表礼貌，回答时可用can/can’t（不用could）： •问：Could I borrow your book?（我能借你书吗？） •答：Yes, you can. / No, you can’t.（√ 不用could） 三、中考常考答语搭配 问句类型 肯定回答 否定回答 教材原句示例 请求（Can/Could you...?） Sure./No problem./Of course. Sorry, but...（需说明理由） ①Can you help me? Sure!②Could you sweep the floor? Yes, Dad. I’ll do it at once. 许可（Can/Could I...?） Yes, you can./Of course you can. No, you can’t.（直接拒绝）/I’m afraid not.（更委婉） ①Can I put flowers here? Yes, good idea!②Could I go out? Sorry, you have to pack up first. 【典例破题】Jack is good at running. He ________ run 100 meters in 11 seconds. A．can B．must C．should D．need 【答案】A 【详解】句意：杰克擅长跑步。他能在11秒内跑完100米。 can能；must必须；should应该；need需要。根据前句“Jack is good at running.”可知，此处强调能力，表示他能够做到。应填can。 【巩固提升1】—Jim, ________ I use your computer? —Yes, of course you ________. A．could; could B．can; should C．can; must D．could; can 【巩固提升2】He didn’t go over his lessons carefully, so he ________ pass the final exam. A．mustn’t B．needn’t C．couldn’t D．shouldn’t 【巩固提升3】—Is that Mr Wang walking in the park? —It ________ be him. He has gone to Shanghai for a trip. A．mustn’t B．can’t C．may not D．might not 知识点二 情态动词should 【课标要求】能在口头和书面表达中正确使用情态动词 should 描述：① 向他人提出委婉合理的建议，劝导对方规范行为（如 You should listen to teachers carefully.）；② 表达自身以及他人应尽的责任与义务（如 We should help people in need.）；③ 使用否定形式 shouldn’t 表达不应该、不可以做某事（如 You shouldn’t eat too much junk food.）；④ 用于一般疑问句，礼貌征求对方意见（如 Should I close the door?）；⑤ 掌握 should 后接动词原形，无人称和数的变化这一基本用法规则。 一、基本用法 （1）should 表委婉建议、劝导 含义：向他人提出合理意见，语气温和，多用于生活交际提对策。 结构：主语 + should + 动词原形（你 / 我们应该……） ① 给他人提建议： You should drink more hot water when you have a cold. 感冒时你应该多喝热水。 ② 给出通用劝导： We should take notes carefully in English class. 我们上英语课应该认真记笔记。 （2）should 表责任、义务 含义：表达人分内该做的事，强调道德、规则层面的应当。 结构：主语 + should + 动词原形 ① 个人责任： Everyone should keep our classroom clean. 每个人都应该保持教室整洁。 ② 社会义务： We should respect the old people. 我们应当尊敬老人。 （3）shouldn’t 表劝阻、不应当（禁止类委婉表达） 含义：指出错误行为，劝告不要做某事，语气比 mustn’t 柔和。 结构：主语 + shouldn’t + 动词原形（不应该……） ① 劝阻不良行为： You shouldn’t stay up late every night. 你不应该每晚熬夜。 ② 提醒遵守规则： We shouldn’t talk loudly in the library. 我们不该在图书馆大声交谈。 （4）should 表温和推测（初中拓展考点） 含义：依据常理、客观情况做大概率推测，意为 “理应、应该会”。 结构：主语 + should + 动词原形 The train should arrive in ten minutes. 火车十分钟后应该就到了。 二、中考必考句式结构（高频考点：建议、义务、疑问句辨析） （1）陈述句提建议 / 讲义务（主语为人称代词） ・正向建议：主语 + should + V She should finish homework first.（她应该先完成作业。） ・反向劝阻：主语 + shouldn’t + V He shouldn’t play games all day.（他不该整天玩游戏。） （2）一般疑问句（征求意见，我 / 我们是否该做某事） 结构：Should + 主语 + V 原？（我 / 我们应该…… 吗？） Should I tell him the truth?（我应该告诉他真相吗？） Should we plant more trees?（我们应该多种树吗？） 高频易错点：should 无人称、时态变化，后永久接动词原形 错误：He should goes home. 正确：He should go home. （3）拓展：过去场景表达本该做（虚拟考点）：should have done（中考阅读偶尔出现） You should have got up earlier. 你本应该早点起床。 三、中考常考答语搭配 问句类型 肯定回答 否定回答 教材原句示例 Should I/we...?（询问自己是否该做某事） Yes, you should./I think you should. No, you shouldn’t./I don’t think you should. ①Should I take this road? Yes, you should. ②Should I watch TV now? No, you shouldn’t. Should he/she/they...?（询问他人是否该做某事） Yes, he/she/they should. No, he/she/they shouldn’t. ①Should Tom apologize? Yes, he should. ②Should they give up? No, they shouldn’t. 给对方提建议 You should...（陈述句，无问答） That’s a good idea./You’re right. I don’t think so. A: You should exercise every day. B: That’s a good idea. 【典例破题】If you want to keep healthy, you ________ exercise at least three times a week. A．might B．should C．need D．may 【答案】B 【详解】句意：如果你想保持健康，你应该每周至少锻炼三次。 might 可能；should 应该；need 需要；may 可以。根据If you want to keep healthy可知此处是在提出建议，表示为了健康应该去做某事，should符合语境逻辑，其他选项均不符合。 【巩固提升1】If she leaves now, she ________ arrive by 8 p.m. A．could B．should C．mustn’t D．can’t 【巩固提升2】Though she enjoyed her trip to the South Pole, she ________ all her savings (存款) on it. A．should spend B．should have spent C．shouldn’t spend D．shouldn’t have spent 【巩固提升3】—Hefei has changed so much these years. It’s now a center for science and technology. —Right! So we ________ protect its environment and develop green spaces for everyone to enjoy. A．can B．may C．should D．need 一、单项选择 1．—Can you go to the movies with me tonight? —Sorry, I ________. I have to finish my homework first. A．can’t B．mustn’t C．needn’t D．shouldn’t 2．—________ I borrow the paintings from you, Miss Chen? —Sorry, you ________. These are only for members of the art club. A．Could; could B．Can; needn’t C．Could; can’t D．Can; can 3．—________ I use your dictionary, Tina? —Of course, you can. Here it is. A．Should B．Must C．Need D．Can 4．—Could you please help me fold the clothes, Tom? —Sure, I ________, Uncle Lee. I ________ fold my own T-shirts at the age of four. A．can; could B．could; could C．can; can D．could; can 5．Jack has gone to Miss Li’s office, so he ________ in the classroom now. A．must be B．can be C．mustn’t be D．can’t be 6．—Is this bike Lucy’s? —Well, it ________ be Lucy’s. Hers is red, but it is blue. A．can’t B．must C．should D．needn’t 7．—Why didn’t you come to the meeting yesterday? —I ________ come because I was sick. A．may not B．mustn’t C．couldn’t D．shouldn’t 8．When I lived at home, I __________ watch TV whenever I wanted to. A．may B．could C．must D．should 9．—________ I use your phone? I want to call my mom. — Of course. A．Should B．Could C．Must D．Need 10．—Could I use your phone to call my parents? —________. Here you are. A．Sorry, you can’t B．Yes, you could C．Sure D．No, thanks 11．—What ________ I do when my parents don’t agree with me? —You ________ talk with them and let them know your thoughts. A．needn’t; should B．could; shouldn’t C．can; can’t D．should; can 12．My baby sister is coughing a lot. She ________ see a doctor soon. A．should B．may C．can D．need 13．—Could you please help me make my bed? —I’m afraid I ________. You ________ do it on your own. A．could; may B．can’t; should C．could; should D．can; shouldn’t 14．Animals are humans’ friends. We ________ be kind to them and protect them. A．may B．would C．might D．should 15．Don’t talk to the old like that, Jack. We ________ be patient with them and show our love and kindness to them. A．can B．may C．should D．would 16．We ________ plant more trees to make Wenshan a green city. A．should B．may C．can’t D．shouldn’t 17．When our parents become too old to take care of themselves one day, we ______ look after them well. A．should B．shouldn’t C．may not D．could 18．—I’m not feeling well, Dr. Green. My stomach aches a lot. —You _________ take some medicine and lie down for a rest. A．should B．can C．shouldn’t D．can’t 19．—________ you please clean the house, Tom? Your grandma is coming here. — Sure, no problem. A．May B．Should C．Must D．Could 20．—Mom, could I watch TV for half an hour? —______. You’ll have an exam tomorrow. You must sleep now. A．No, you couldn’t B．Sure, of course C．Yes, sure D．No, you can’t 二、完形填空 先通读短文，掌握其大意，然后从A、B、C、D四个选项中选出一个可以填入相应空白处的最佳答案。 In spring there were colourful flowers in my mother’s garden. In my memories, they seemed to appear during one night like 1 . Until the year I turned ten, my mother shared her secret. One 2 December morning, my mother dressed me in warm sweaters and we went to the yard. She said, “We are going to 3 some bulbs (鳞茎).” I pulled out a bulb from a bag and covered my nose right away. “It 4 bad and looks like a rock!” I said. “These will turn into something beautiful in spring 5 they are not pretty now. We won’t know for sure unless they 6 in the warm seasons.” We planted the bulbs and covered them with earth. When we finished working, our hands were 7 and dirty but the garden looked just the same as it was before. My mother and I looked after them very 8 and watched them grow all through the winter months. One 9 morning, beautiful flowers filled the garden. “Our hard work made it, Mum! I’ll pick some flowers for our 10 . I believe our living room will be more beautiful,” I shouted. But my mother said, “Sorry! It’s time to prepare for May Basket Day. We’ll pick the flowers and make flower baskets for our neighbours. They’re secret gifts. 1 will know the flowers are from us. Flowers are like kindness—they grow brighter when we 2 them.” The next morning, we put the flowers near the neighbours’ doors, rang the doorbells, ran away and 3 . The neighbours opened the doors and began to smile when they noticed the flowers. All of them were very 4 to get so wonderful May gifts. The garden was empty (空的) but my heart was 5 . I realized the true magic in my mother’s garden wasn’t just in the flowers, but in the joy of giving. 1．A．music B．art C．hope D．magic 2．A．wet B．dry C．cold D．hot 3．A．make B．cut C．plant D．include 4．A．smells B．tastes C．sounds D．keeps 5．A．but B．although C．because D．so 6．A．put out B．work out C．help out D．come out 7．A．white B．black C．green D．blue 8．A．nervously B．differently C．carefully D．easily 9．A．April B．July C．September D．November 10．A．shop B．home C．school D．neighbourhood 11．A．Somebody B．Anybody C．Everybody D．Nobody 12．A．buy B．sell C．borrow D．share 13．A．hid B．beat C．drove D．waved 14．A．angry B．peaceful C．joyful D．mad 15．A．full B．awake C．heavy D．curious 三、阅读理解 Sometimes, making someone happy is easy—just say a few words that really satisfy him. From strangers to your family and closest friends, there are many nice things we can say to them to bring a little kindness to the world. However, some people find it difficult to say something nice to others. Recently, the topic “Don’t feel ashamed to give praise” has gone popular on social media. People shared personal experiences when people felt too shy to say something nice about someone. They also expressed their worries: “What if others think my words are just flattery(奉承)?” “What if I praise someone and only get the cold shoulder?” Because of these fears, some choose to stay quiet, leaving kind words unsaid. This small habit seems harmless, but it can hide our true feelings. Little by little, we get used to keeping our praise, care and kindness deep inside. Over time, it can change our relationships and even reduce our own sense of happiness. As a result, we may start to feel distant from others. In fact, saying something nice doesn’t mean we are trying to please others against our wishes. Instead, it shows we pay attention to the strengths and efforts of those around us, and we value and respect them. A simple and sincere praise can warm someone’s heart, reduce misunderstandings (误会) and bring people together. So next time you see your friend wearing a beautiful coat, why not give him sincere praise? For example, you can focus on details like “This colour looks great on you!” or “You really have good taste in music!” These kind words not only make your friend happy but also create a pleasant feeling between you. Kind words cost nothing, but they can mean everything. 1．Why do some people find it hard to praise others? A．Because they like to keep their praise inside. B．Because they think kind words cost too much. C．Because they may praise others against wishes. D．Because they worry others will not like their words. 2．What does the phrase “cold shoulder” in Paragraph 2 probably mean? A．A polite and warm welcome. B．A shy and quiet conversation. C．A silent and unfriendly reply. D．A cold and dishonest manner. 3．The writer mentions “This colour looks great on you” as an example to show that ________. A．praise on clothing is always the perfect choice B．a simple and detailed praise can build good relationships C．a simple praise can sometimes reduce misunderstandings D．friends usually care more about their appearance than other things 4．What would be the best title of the passage? A．The Secret to True Happiness B．Why We Should Not Praise Others C．The Power of a Sincere Praise D．How to Avoid Misunderstandings 5．What is the writer’s main purpose in writing this passage? A．To explain why some people are afraid of giving praise. B．To encourage readers to express sincere praise to others. C．To tell readers how to tell flattery from true praise. D．To show that keeping kind words inside is sometimes better. 四、短文填空 阅读下面短文内容，在空白处填入一个适当的单词或用所给单词的正确形式填空。 As the saying 1 (go), “Life is like a box of chocolates, you never know what you will get.” During our 2 (prepare) for the entrance exam for senior high school, we might get the bitter (苦的) chocolate. The bitterness comes from many things, 3 (include) getting up early, doing all kinds of exercises and so on. But when we taste the bitterness carefully, we will be 4 (surprise) to discover some sweetness in it. The sweetness comes from the people who love us. The 5 (firstly) must be our parents. They helped us to tidy up our rooms and prepare delicious meals. Besides, we want to express thanks to our teachers. They helped us to bring out the best in 6 (our). Also, we shouldn’t forget our classmates. They helped us to keep moving when we wanted to give up. 7 the help of all of them, we could 8 (achievement) so much in our life. And life is the same. Bitterness is just the outside, 9 the sweetness is the inside. When we think life is not what we expect, we can look on 10 bright side and will find something nice. 19 / 21 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $