专题03 动词不定式（暑假复习）2026-2027学年九年级英语新教材人教版

专题03 动词不定式 ( 脉 ｜ 络 ｜ 重 ｜ 构 ) ( 考 ｜ 点 ｜ 精 ｜ 讲 ) 知识点一 动词不定式作主语 【课标要求】能在口头和书面表达中正确使用动词不定式作主语描述：① 动词不定式直接置于句首充当句子主语，说明核心行为（如 To help others makes me happy.）；② 用 it 作形式主语，将真正的不定式主语后置简化句式（如 It is difficult to climb the high mountain.）；③ 掌握 It is + 形容词 + to do sth 基础句型评价行为难易程度；④ 区分 It + be + adj. + for sb to do 与 It + be + adj. + of sb to do 的适用场景；⑤ 在交际对话与短文写作中借助不定式主语表达个人看法与建议。 1.动词不定式做主语，谓语动词用单数。 eg: 学好英语对我们来说很重要 To learn English well is important for us. 2.不定式或不定式短语作主语时，常用it作形式主语，构成“It + adj. + for sb. + to do sth 做某事对某人来说是...”,此时不定式是真正的主语。 eg: It is important for us to learn English well. eg: 超速很危险 It's dangerous to drive very fast. 注意It + adj. + for sb. + to do sth和It + adj. + of sb. + to do sth这两个句型的区别 for:描述不定式的行为特征（如:important/ easy/ interesting） of: 描述主语的品质特征（如:kind/ nice/ friendly/ foolish） eg: 她能做出这样的事来，她也太蠢了 It's foolish of her to do such a thing. eg: 你帮助了我，你真是太好了 It's kind of you to help me. 【典例破题】It is important for everyone ________ water and electricity in his life. A．save B．saving C．to save D．saved 【答案】C 【详解】句意：对每个人来说，在生活中节约用水用电都很重要。 考查非谓语动词。根据固定句型：It is+adj.+for sb.+to do sth.“做某事对于某人来说是……的”，因此需使用动词的不定式，作真正的主语。故选C。 【巩固提升1】—Is ________ important for students ________ healthy habits? —Of course. A．it; have B．it; to have C．that; have D．that; to have 【巩固提升2】—It’s very kind ________ you ________ me carry the heavy luggage. Thank you so much. —It’s my pleasure. A．for; to help B．of; helping C．of; to help D．for; helping 【巩固提升3】—Is it helpful ________ us ________ about some foreign customs? —Yes, it is. We should pay attention to them before we travel abroad. A．of; learning B．for; learning C．of; to learn D．for; to learn 知识点二 动词不定式作宾语 【课标要求】能在口头和书面表达中正确使用动词不定式作宾语描述：① 部分及物动词后直接使用 to do 不定式充当宾语，表达意愿、打算、选择等含义（如 I hope to join the English club.）；② 掌握常用可接不定式作宾语的动词，区分只能接 to do 与只能接 doing 作宾语的动词用法；③ 掌握 “动词 + 特殊疑问词 + to do” 结构作宾语，表达做事的方式、时间、对象（如 He doesn’t know where to wait for you.）；④ 使用 it 充当形式宾语，将真正的不定式宾语后置简化句子（如 I think it interesting to read storybooks.）；⑤ 在对话交流与短文写作中借助不定式宾语表达自身想法、计划与疑问。 1. 直接放动词后作宾语 eg: 我想买一台新电脑 I want to buy a new computer. eg: 她希望能找到一份更好的工作 She hopes to find a better job. 常用动词不定式作宾语的动词有：hope, refuse, learn, need, choose, decide, agree, start, begin, like, try, plan，expect, want, 等等. 2. 不定式作宾语，用it作形式宾语。 think/ consider/ find /make it + adj.+ to do 觉得/认为/发现/使得 做...是怎样的。这里的it是形式宾语，真正的宾语是动词不定式。 eg: 我认为再和他谈一次是很有必要的 I think it necessary to talk to him again. eg: 我发现很难入睡 I found it difficult to fall asleep. 【典例破题】When people want to relax themselves, they prefer ________ TV or listen to music rather than ________ out. A．watching; hanging B．watching; to hang C．to watch; hang D．to watch; hanging 【答案】C 【详解】句意：当人们想放松自己时，他们更喜欢看电视或听音乐，而不是出去闲逛。 考查非谓语动词。watching看，为watch的现在分词；to watch看，不定式；hang闲逛；hanging闲逛，现在分词。根据“…they prefer…TV or listen to music rather than…out.”可知，prefer to do sth. rather than do sth.“宁愿做某事而不愿做某事”，动词短语。故选C。 【巩固提升1】My grandmother will come back from Australia. I can’t wait ________ her. A．see B．seeing C．to see 【巩固提升2】He failed ________ up to the top of the mountain because he was too tired. A．Climbed B．climb C．to climb D．climbing 【巩固提升3】We want to be friends of the Earth. We promise ______ the Earth. A．not pollute B．not polluting C．not to pollute 知识点三 用作宾补（V.+ sb. + to do） 【课标要求】能在口头和书面表达中正确使用动词不定式作宾语补足语描述：① 补充说明宾语即将发生的动作，完善句子完整含义（如 My mom wants me to get up early.）；② 掌握使役动词、感官动词后省略 to 的不定式作宾补（如 Let us help you.）；③ 使役动词、感官动词变为被动语态时，还原不定式符号 to（如 He was made to finish homework first.）；④ 区分接带 to 不定式宾补与不带 to 不定式宾补的动词用法差异；⑤ 在日常对话和书面写作中，规范运用不定式宾补补充宾语的行为与要求。 1.用作宾补（V.+ sb. + to do） eg: 她要我帮她 She asked me to help her. eg: 老师告诉他让他准时来 The teacher told him to come on time. eg: 汤姆的妈妈教他读英语 Tom’s mother taught him to read English. 常用动词不定式作宾补的动词有： want/wish/ask/invite/expect/order/allow/tell/help/warn/ would like/ sb to do 2.省去带to的不定式作宾补的动词有：（V. + sb. + do） 一感：feel 二听：listen to，hear 三让: let, make, have 四看：look at, see, watch, notice eg: 让我来做吧 Let me do it. eg: 我看见他过了马路 I saw him cross the street. 比较：I heard her singing in the next room. I heard her sing in the next room. 感官动词后既可跟省to的不定式作宾补，也可跟现在分词ing作宾补，区别是跟现在分词强调动作正在进行，跟不定式强调动作的全过程 eg: 我看见一个男孩正在打篮球 I saw a boy playing basketball. eg: 我目睹了一起事故的发生 I saw an accident happen 【典例破题】Max’s parents always encourage him_________ out his opinions. A．to speak B．speaking C．will speak D．speaks 【答案】A 【详解】句意：Max的父母一直在鼓励他说出他的意见。 考查动词不定式的用法。encourage sb to do sth.意为“鼓励某人做某事”，动词不定式作宾语补足语，to后跟动词原形。故选A。 【巩固提升1】Every summer, our teachers warn us ________ in the river because it’s dangerous. A．not to swim B．swimming C．to swim 【巩固提升2】My parents often ask me ________. It’s bad for our health. A．stay up late B．to stay up late C．not stay up late D．not to stay up late 【巩固提升3】He made us ________ by making faces. A．to laugh B．laughing C．laugh D．laughed 知识点四 动词不定式作表语 【课标要求】能在口头和书面表达中正确使用动词不定式作表语描述：① 置于系动词后，阐释主语的目标、职责、理想与具体内容（如 My dream is to travel around the world.）；② 主语为 dream, plan, task, goal 等名词时，用不定式对主语进行解释说明（如 Our main task is to finish the project.）；③ 运用 be to do 结构表示按计划、安排将要开展的动作（如 We are to gather at the school gate.）；④ 区分不定式作表语与不定式作宾语的句式结构差异；⑤ 在日常对话和书面习作中借助不定式表语表达个人理想、安排与工作任务。 动词不定式（短语）做表语常表示主语的“职业、职责或性质”等。从时间概念上说含有将来意义，常用于be动词的后面。 My duty is to look after the animals.我的职责就是照看这些动物。 【典例破题】—It’s important to keep ahead on safety. —Well. My advice is ________ some basic first-aid knowledge. A．knows B．knew C．to know 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——保持安全是很重要的。——嗯。我的建议是了解一些基本的急救知识。 考查非谓语动词。空前是系动词is，此处应用动词不定式作表语，描述主语advice的内容。故选C。 【巩固提升1】—Have you heard of the YAU Mathematical Sciences Leaders Program? —Of course. Its aim is ______ top math talents in China. A．training B．to train C．trained 【巩固提升2】My dream is ________ around the world before I am 70 years old. A．travel B．traveling C．on traveling D．to travel 【巩固提升3】We should remember the most important thing is ________. A．keep safe B．to keep safe C．keeps safe 知识点五 动词不定式作状语 【课标要求】能在口头和书面表达中正确使用动词不定式作状语描述：① 作目的状语，说明主句动作发生的意图（如 She gets up early to catch the first bus.）；② 作结果状语，体现动作带来的出人意料的结局（如 He hurried home to find nobody in the house.）；③ 作原因状语，解释产生喜、悲、惊等情绪的缘由（如 I’m glad to receive your letter.）；④ 搭配 too…to、enough to 结构作程度状语，表达限度含义（如 The river is too deep to swim in.）；⑤ 在对话、短文写作中借助不定式状语体现行为的目的、结果、原因等逻辑关系。 动词不定式（短语）做状语往往表示目的、原因、结果、比较和独立成分。表示原因和结果时不置于句首。 ①动词不定式做目的状语，可以放在句首，一般用逗号隔开，也可以放在句尾。 To get there on time, they started early.为了准时赶到那儿，他们很早就出发了。 ②动词不定式做结果状语，常用在too...to...结构中。 The boy is too young to look after himself.这个男孩太小，还不能照顾自己。 ③动词不定式做原因状语，常跟在做表语的形容词后。 I’m very happy to receive your letter.很高兴收到你的来信。 【典例破题】—Mary is very generous. —Yes, she gave away all her money she owned ________ people in need. A．to help B．to helping C．helped D．helping 【答案】A 【详解】句意：——玛丽很慷慨。  ——是的，她把她所有的钱都捐出去帮助有需要的人。 考查动词不定式。根据“she gave away all her money she owned...people ”可知，捐钱是为了帮助有需要的人，动词不定式作目的状语。故选A。 【巩固提升1】—We should do what we can ________ the spread of virus (病毒). —You are right. We can often wash hands and wear masks. A．prevent B．to prevent C．preventing D．prevents 【巩固提升2】Jenny is afraid ________ by plane. She always feels nervous when getting on it.   A．to travel       B．travelling       C．travels       D．travel 【巩固提升3】What he said was ________ difficult for us ________ understand. A．so; that B．to; to C．too; to D．such; that 知识点六 疑问词 + 不定式 【课标要求】能在口头和书面表达中正确使用 “疑问词 + 动词不定式” 结构描述：① 作及物动词的宾语，表达不清楚做事的方式、时间、地点等（如 I don’t know how to fix the bike.）；② 作介词宾语，补充说明思考、讨论的相关问题（如 We are talking about where to have a picnic.）；③ 置于句首作主语，简洁表述待确定的事项（如 What to buy is still a question.）；④ 放在系动词后作表语，解释核心疑问内容（如 My problem is which pen to take.）；⑤ 与含情态动词的宾语从句进行同义转换，简化句式用于口语和写作（如 She doesn’t know when she will leave = She doesn’t know when to leave.） 常接＂疑问词+带to的不定式＂的动词有teach, show, tell, learn, find out, decide, know, forget等。 My mother taught me how to cook yesterday. 昨天我妈妈教我如何做饭。 【典例破题】Jenny is going to the supermarket. And she is asking her mother what ________ for today’s dinner. A．is buying B．buy C．bought D．to buy 【答案】D 【详解】句意：Jenny要去超市。她问她妈妈今天的晚餐买什么。 考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，此处应用“疑问词+不定式”结构，作宾补。故选D。 【巩固提升1】I really don’t know ________ to leave for the village by bike. A．when B．where C．what D．how 【巩固提升2】—What’s wrong with you? You looked worried. —I have many problems to solve. But I don’t know ________ first. A．where to deal with B．when to deal with C．how to deal with D．which to deal with 【巩固提升3】Friends know when _________ advice _________ what to do. A．giving; on B．to give; in C．giving; on D．to give; on 一、单项选择 1．It’s necessary for you ________ reading. A．keep B．kept C．to keep D．keeping 2．It’s very kind ________ you ________ me with my English. A．for, to help B．of, helping C．of, to help D．for, helping 3．It’s not safe ________ students ________ on the street. A．of; play B．for; to play C．for; play D．of; to play 4．The naughty boy refused ________ himself properly and to mind his manners on public occasions. A．behave B．to behave C．behaving D．was behaving 5．It was cold, but we managed ________ the top of the mountain in time to see the beautiful sunrise. A．reach B．reaching C．to reach D．reached 6．I made up my mind ________ one of them, A．become B．to become C．became D．becoming 7．I find it joyful ________ with Doubao when you feel upset. A．chat B．to chat C．chatting D．to chatting 8．He has decided ________ a new plan for his study. A．make B．making C．to make D．made 9．— My wish is ________ a doctor like Zhong Nanshan.   — Great! So you should work hard every day. A．become B．became C．to become D．becoming 10．Tom loves animals. His wish is ________ a lovely pig. A．have B．to have C．having D．has 11．He often tells jokes to make us ________. A．laugh B．laughing C．to laughing D．to laugh 12．To help students balance study and rest, many cities around China allow students ________ short spring and autumn vacations every year. A．have B．having C．to have D．had 13．Parents always expect their children ________good habits from an early age. A．develop B．developed C．to develop D．developing 14．Kangkang’s mother forces him ________ milk every day because she thinks it’s good for him. A．drink B．drinks C．drinking D．to drink 15．Jim went to the hospital ________ an X-ray check after he fell off the bike. A．take B．takes C．to take D．took 16．If you want to improve your spoken English, you should do what you can ________ it. A．practise B．to practise C．practising D．practised 17．—Why do you practise calligraphy every day? —________ my handwriting and relax myself. A．Improve B．Improving C．Improved D．To improve 18．My sister is ________ young ________ go to school. She is only two years old. A．so; that B．enough; to C．too; to D．such; that 19．— Let me have a rest first. I’m ________ to walk any further. — Come on! We only have five kilometers left. A．weak enough B．too weak C．quite weak D．so weak 20．The box is too heavy for me ________ it. A．carrying B．carries C．to carry D．carry 二、完形填空 Once, a young boy and his father went out for a walk. On a farm, they saw a pair of old 1 that seemed to be a poor farmer’s. The boy said, “Why don’t we 2 the shoes and see what the farmer will do when he can’t find them?” “It’s not good to play such a 3 ,” his father said. “But why not just put some coins in his shoes to see what will happen?” The boy 4 and they put some coins in each shoe. The farmer came back. As he put his foot into one shoe, he felt something 5 in his shoe. Soon, he found the coins. In 6 , he started to look around, but didn’t see anyone. After a while, he again 7 some coins in the other shoe and his tears came out. He said, “Oh, a kind person helped me. Now I can buy 8 for my sick wife and get bread for my hungry children.” After the farmer left, the father asked his son, “Now tell me which one makes you feel 9 ? Hiding his shoes or putting some coins in his shoes?” “The second. I’ll never forget the 10 you’ve taught me, Dad! Thank you!” 1．A．scissors B．shoes C．gloves D．trousers 2．A．clean B．hide C．buy D．brush 3．A．joke B．match C．song D．sport 4．A．agreed B．refused C．appeared D．failed 5．A．soft B．hard C．wet D．hot 6．A．danger B．control C．surprise D．trouble 7．A．pointed B．dropped C．placed D．discovered 8．A．medicine B．glue C．silk D．paper 9．A．afraid B．terrible C．happy D．angry 10．A．skill B．language C．song D．lesson 三、短文填空 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入括号内单词的正确形式。 Last year, an earthquake hit our town. Everyone was 1 (scare) that night. The ground shook hard, and the lights in the buildings went out suddenly. People ran out of their homes, shouting in fear. Among them were my neighbor Mr. Wang and 2 (he) family. My mom and I were stuck in our house at first because the door was closed. Mr. Wang heard our cries and came back 3 (help). He pulled the door open with all his strength and guided us to a safe place, away from the 4 (bad) damaged buildings. After the earthquake 5 (stop), we saw many people get hurt. Many people 6 (be) screaming loudly for help around us. 7 (thankful), kind neighbors and volunteers came to offer help right away, Mr. Wang and my mom rushed to the second floor and found an old lady 8 (hide) alone in a small corner, She was too terrified to move. They managed to lead her to safety and then set up 9 (tent) for weak elders and little kids. Although we felt exhausted, we stayed together, To look after each other well, we decided 10 (share) food and clean water if need. That experience taught me that human care and unity could light up the way in the darkest moments. 19 / 21 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题03 动词不定式 ( 脉 ｜ 络 ｜ 重 ｜ 构 ) ( 考 ｜ 点 ｜ 精 ｜ 讲 ) 知识点一 动词不定式作主语 【课标要求】能在口头和书面表达中正确使用动词不定式作主语描述：① 动词不定式直接置于句首充当句子主语，说明核心行为（如 To help others makes me happy.）；② 用 it 作形式主语，将真正的不定式主语后置简化句式（如 It is difficult to climb the high mountain.）；③ 掌握 It is + 形容词 + to do sth 基础句型评价行为难易程度；④ 区分 It + be + adj. + for sb to do 与 It + be + adj. + of sb to do 的适用场景；⑤ 在交际对话与短文写作中借助不定式主语表达个人看法与建议。 1.动词不定式做主语，谓语动词用单数。 eg: 学好英语对我们来说很重要 To learn English well is important for us. 2.不定式或不定式短语作主语时，常用it作形式主语，构成“It + adj. + for sb. + to do sth 做某事对某人来说是...”,此时不定式是真正的主语。 eg: It is important for us to learn English well. eg: 超速很危险 It's dangerous to drive very fast. 注意It + adj. + for sb. + to do sth和It + adj. + of sb. + to do sth这两个句型的区别 for:描述不定式的行为特征（如:important/ easy/ interesting） of: 描述主语的品质特征（如:kind/ nice/ friendly/ foolish） eg: 她能做出这样的事来，她也太蠢了 It's foolish of her to do such a thing. eg: 你帮助了我，你真是太好了 It's kind of you to help me. 【典例破题】It is important for everyone ________ water and electricity in his life. A．save B．saving C．to save D．saved 【答案】C 【详解】句意：对每个人来说，在生活中节约用水用电都很重要。 考查非谓语动词。根据固定句型：It is+adj.+for sb.+to do sth.“做某事对于某人来说是……的”，因此需使用动词的不定式，作真正的主语。故选C。 【巩固提升1】—Is ________ important for students ________ healthy habits? —Of course. A．it; have B．it; to have C．that; have D．that; to have 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——学生养成健康的习惯重要吗？——当然。 考查it作形式主语及非谓语动词。分析句子结构并结合选项可知，此处为“It is adj. for sb. to do sth.”结构的一般疑问句形式，其中It为形式主语，不定式为真正的主语。故选B。 【巩固提升2】—It’s very kind ________ you ________ me carry the heavy luggage. Thank you so much. —It’s my pleasure. A．for; to help B．of; helping C．of; to help D．for; helping 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——你真好，帮我拿这么重的行李。非常感谢。——这是我的荣幸。 考查动词不定式作主语和介词辨析。此处考查句型“It is+adj.+of/for sb.+to do sth.”，kind“友好的”为修饰人品格、特征的形容词，介词应用of；it在句中为形式主语，应用动词不定式作真正主语。故选C。 【巩固提升3】—Is it helpful ________ us ________ about some foreign customs? —Yes, it is. We should pay attention to them before we travel abroad. A．of; learning B．for; learning C．of; to learn D．for; to learn 【答案】D 【详解】句意：——了解一些外国风俗对我们有帮助吗？——是的，有用。我们在出国旅行之前应该注意这些问题。 考查it固定句型。根据“Is it helpful...us...about some foreign customs?”可知，此处指了解一些外国风俗对我们有帮助，形容词helpful与事物的特征有关，应用句式“It is+形容词+for sb.+to do sth.”，意为“对某人来说做某事怎么样”，第二空应填不定式to learn。故选D。 知识点二 动词不定式作宾语 【课标要求】能在口头和书面表达中正确使用动词不定式作宾语描述：① 部分及物动词后直接使用 to do 不定式充当宾语，表达意愿、打算、选择等含义（如 I hope to join the English club.）；② 掌握常用可接不定式作宾语的动词，区分只能接 to do 与只能接 doing 作宾语的动词用法；③ 掌握 “动词 + 特殊疑问词 + to do” 结构作宾语，表达做事的方式、时间、对象（如 He doesn’t know where to wait for you.）；④ 使用 it 充当形式宾语，将真正的不定式宾语后置简化句子（如 I think it interesting to read storybooks.）；⑤ 在对话交流与短文写作中借助不定式宾语表达自身想法、计划与疑问。 1. 直接放动词后作宾语 eg: 我想买一台新电脑 I want to buy a new computer. eg: 她希望能找到一份更好的工作 She hopes to find a better job. 常用动词不定式作宾语的动词有：hope, refuse, learn, need, choose, decide, agree, start, begin, like, try, plan，expect, want, 等等. 2. 不定式作宾语，用it作形式宾语。 think/ consider/ find /make it + adj.+ to do 觉得/认为/发现/使得 做...是怎样的。这里的it是形式宾语，真正的宾语是动词不定式。 eg: 我认为再和他谈一次是很有必要的 I think it necessary to talk to him again. eg: 我发现很难入睡 I found it difficult to fall asleep. 【典例破题】When people want to relax themselves, they prefer ________ TV or listen to music rather than ________ out. A．watching; hanging B．watching; to hang C．to watch; hang D．to watch; hanging 【答案】C 【详解】句意：当人们想放松自己时，他们更喜欢看电视或听音乐，而不是出去闲逛。 考查非谓语动词。watching看，为watch的现在分词；to watch看，不定式；hang闲逛；hanging闲逛，现在分词。根据“…they prefer…TV or listen to music rather than…out.”可知，prefer to do sth. rather than do sth.“宁愿做某事而不愿做某事”，动词短语。故选C。 【巩固提升1】My grandmother will come back from Australia. I can’t wait ________ her. A．see B．seeing C．to see 【答案】C 【详解】句意：我奶奶将从澳大利亚回来。我等不及要见她了。 考查非谓语。can’t wait to do sth“迫不及待做某事”，此处用动词不定式作宾语。故选C。 【巩固提升2】He failed ________ up to the top of the mountain because he was too tired. A．Climbed B．climb C．to climb D．climbing 【答案】C 【详解】句意：他没有爬上山顶，因为他太累了。 考查动词不定式。根据空后“up to the top of the mountain”可知，他没有爬上去，应用“未能做某事”即“fail to do sth.”句式，结合选项，该空应填“to climb”。故选C。 【巩固提升3】We want to be friends of the Earth. We promise ______ the Earth. A．not pollute B．not polluting C．not to pollute 【答案】C 【详解】句意：我们想成为地球的朋友。我们承诺不污染地球。 考查动词短语。固定短语promise not to do“承诺不做某事”。故选C。 知识点三 用作宾补（V.+ sb. + to do） 【课标要求】能在口头和书面表达中正确使用动词不定式作宾语补足语描述：① 补充说明宾语即将发生的动作，完善句子完整含义（如 My mom wants me to get up early.）；② 掌握使役动词、感官动词后省略 to 的不定式作宾补（如 Let us help you.）；③ 使役动词、感官动词变为被动语态时，还原不定式符号 to（如 He was made to finish homework first.）；④ 区分接带 to 不定式宾补与不带 to 不定式宾补的动词用法差异；⑤ 在日常对话和书面写作中，规范运用不定式宾补补充宾语的行为与要求。 1.用作宾补（V.+ sb. + to do） eg: 她要我帮她 She asked me to help her. eg: 老师告诉他让他准时来 The teacher told him to come on time. eg: 汤姆的妈妈教他读英语 Tom’s mother taught him to read English. 常用动词不定式作宾补的动词有： want/wish/ask/invite/expect/order/allow/tell/help/warn/ would like/ sb to do 2.省去带to的不定式作宾补的动词有：（V. + sb. + do） 一感：feel 二听：listen to，hear 三让: let, make, have 四看：look at, see, watch, notice eg: 让我来做吧 Let me do it. eg: 我看见他过了马路 I saw him cross the street. 比较：I heard her singing in the next room. I heard her sing in the next room. 感官动词后既可跟省to的不定式作宾补，也可跟现在分词ing作宾补，区别是跟现在分词强调动作正在进行，跟不定式强调动作的全过程 eg: 我看见一个男孩正在打篮球 I saw a boy playing basketball. eg: 我目睹了一起事故的发生 I saw an accident happen 【典例破题】Max’s parents always encourage him_________ out his opinions. A．to speak B．speaking C．will speak D．speaks 【答案】A 【详解】句意：Max的父母一直在鼓励他说出他的意见。 考查动词不定式的用法。encourage sb to do sth.意为“鼓励某人做某事”，动词不定式作宾语补足语，to后跟动词原形。故选A。 【巩固提升1】Every summer, our teachers warn us ________ in the river because it’s dangerous. A．not to swim B．swimming C．to swim 【答案】A 【详解】句意：每年夏天，我们的老师都警告我们不要在河里游泳，因为那很危险。 考查非谓语动词。根据“it’s dangerous”可知，此处说很危险，故是不能做的事情，warn sb. not to do sth.“警告某人不要做某事”，固定用法。故选A。 【巩固提升2】My parents often ask me ________. It’s bad for our health. A．stay up late B．to stay up late C．not stay up late D．not to stay up late 【答案】D 【详解】句意：我的父母经常叫我不要熬夜。这对我们的健康有害。 考查非谓语动词。ask sb. to do sth.“叫某人做某事”。根据“It’s bad for our health.”可知，因为熬夜对身体有害，所以父母叫我不要熬夜，应用ask sb. not to do sth.结构。故选D。 【巩固提升3】He made us ________ by making faces. A．to laugh B．laughing C．laugh D．laughed 【答案】C 【详解】句意：他扮鬼脸逗我们笑。 考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，此处应用省略to的不定式，作宾补。故选C。 知识点四 动词不定式作表语 【课标要求】能在口头和书面表达中正确使用动词不定式作表语描述：① 置于系动词后，阐释主语的目标、职责、理想与具体内容（如 My dream is to travel around the world.）；② 主语为 dream, plan, task, goal 等名词时，用不定式对主语进行解释说明（如 Our main task is to finish the project.）；③ 运用 be to do 结构表示按计划、安排将要开展的动作（如 We are to gather at the school gate.）；④ 区分不定式作表语与不定式作宾语的句式结构差异；⑤ 在日常对话和书面习作中借助不定式表语表达个人理想、安排与工作任务。 动词不定式（短语）做表语常表示主语的“职业、职责或性质”等。从时间概念上说含有将来意义，常用于be动词的后面。 My duty is to look after the animals.我的职责就是照看这些动物。 【典例破题】—It’s important to keep ahead on safety. —Well. My advice is ________ some basic first-aid knowledge. A．knows B．knew C．to know 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——保持安全是很重要的。——嗯。我的建议是了解一些基本的急救知识。 考查非谓语动词。空前是系动词is，此处应用动词不定式作表语，描述主语advice的内容。故选C。 【巩固提升1】—Have you heard of the YAU Mathematical Sciences Leaders Program? —Of course. Its aim is ______ top math talents in China. A．training B．to train C．trained 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——你听说过YAU数学科学领导者计划吗？——当然，它的目标是在中国培养顶级的数学人才。 考查非谓语动词的用法。根据主语Its aim可知，空格处应用不定式作表语，表示“目标”的具体内容。故选B。 【巩固提升2】My dream is ________ around the world before I am 70 years old. A．travel B．traveling C．on traveling D．to travel 【答案】D 【详解】句意：我的梦想是在70岁前环游世界。 考查非谓语。dream后的表语，应用不定式形式，故选D。 【巩固提升3】We should remember the most important thing is ________. A．keep safe B．to keep safe C．keeps safe 【答案】B 【详解】句意：我们应该记住最重要的是保证安全。 考查非谓语动词。根据“We should remember the most important thing is”可知，设空处缺表语，填不定式，说明主语的内容。故选B。 知识点五 动词不定式作状语 【课标要求】能在口头和书面表达中正确使用动词不定式作状语描述：① 作目的状语，说明主句动作发生的意图（如 She gets up early to catch the first bus.）；② 作结果状语，体现动作带来的出人意料的结局（如 He hurried home to find nobody in the house.）；③ 作原因状语，解释产生喜、悲、惊等情绪的缘由（如 I’m glad to receive your letter.）；④ 搭配 too…to、enough to 结构作程度状语，表达限度含义（如 The river is too deep to swim in.）；⑤ 在对话、短文写作中借助不定式状语体现行为的目的、结果、原因等逻辑关系。 动词不定式（短语）做状语往往表示目的、原因、结果、比较和独立成分。表示原因和结果时不置于句首。 ①动词不定式做目的状语，可以放在句首，一般用逗号隔开，也可以放在句尾。 To get there on time, they started early.为了准时赶到那儿，他们很早就出发了。 ②动词不定式做结果状语，常用在too...to...结构中。 The boy is too young to look after himself.这个男孩太小，还不能照顾自己。 ③动词不定式做原因状语，常跟在做表语的形容词后。 I’m very happy to receive your letter.很高兴收到你的来信。 【典例破题】—Mary is very generous. —Yes, she gave away all her money she owned ________ people in need. A．to help B．to helping C．helped D．helping 【答案】A 【详解】句意：——玛丽很慷慨。  ——是的，她把她所有的钱都捐出去帮助有需要的人。 考查动词不定式。根据“she gave away all her money she owned...people ”可知，捐钱是为了帮助有需要的人，动词不定式作目的状语。故选A。 【巩固提升1】—We should do what we can ________ the spread of virus (病毒). —You are right. We can often wash hands and wear masks. A．prevent B．to prevent C．preventing D．prevents 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——我们应该尽我们所能去阻止病毒的传播。——你说得对。我们可以经常洗手，戴口罩。 考查动词不定式表目的。根据“We can often wash hands and wear masks.”可知，经常洗手和戴口罩，我们做这些是为了防止病毒的传播，因此该句中应用动词不定式to prevent the spread of virus作目的状语。故选B。 【巩固提升2】Jenny is afraid ________ by plane. She always feels nervous when getting on it.   A．to travel       B．travelling       C．travels       D．travel 【答案】A 【详解】句意：珍妮害怕坐飞机旅行。她上车时总是感到紧张。 考查非谓语动词。be afraid to do sth.“害怕做某事”。故选A。 【巩固提升3】What he said was ________ difficult for us ________ understand. A．so; that B．to; to C．too; to D．such; that 【答案】C 【详解】句意：他所说的话对我们来说太难而无法理解。 考查词组辨析。根据第一空后的“difficult”可知，第一空只能填入程度副词修饰形容词，排除B和D；根据第二空后的“understand”可知，此处需填入不定式符号to，排除A。即本题考查的是“too+adj.+to do sth.”，表“太……而不能做某事”，其中，动词不定式作结果状语。故选C。 知识点六 疑问词 + 不定式 【课标要求】能在口头和书面表达中正确使用 “疑问词 + 动词不定式” 结构描述：① 作及物动词的宾语，表达不清楚做事的方式、时间、地点等（如 I don’t know how to fix the bike.）；② 作介词宾语，补充说明思考、讨论的相关问题（如 We are talking about where to have a picnic.）；③ 置于句首作主语，简洁表述待确定的事项（如 What to buy is still a question.）；④ 放在系动词后作表语，解释核心疑问内容（如 My problem is which pen to take.）；⑤ 与含情态动词的宾语从句进行同义转换，简化句式用于口语和写作（如 She doesn’t know when she will leave = She doesn’t know when to leave.） 常接＂疑问词+带to的不定式＂的动词有teach, show, tell, learn, find out, decide, know, forget等。 My mother taught me how to cook yesterday. 昨天我妈妈教我如何做饭。 【典例破题】Jenny is going to the supermarket. And she is asking her mother what ________ for today’s dinner. A．is buying B．buy C．bought D．to buy 【答案】D 【详解】句意：Jenny要去超市。她问她妈妈今天的晚餐买什么。 考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，此处应用“疑问词+不定式”结构，作宾补。故选D。 【巩固提升1】I really don’t know ________ to leave for the village by bike. A．when B．where C．what D．how 【答案】A 【详解】句意：我真的不知道什么时候骑自行车去那个村庄。 考查疑问代词和疑问副词。when什么时候；where哪里；what什么；how怎样。根据“…to leave for the village by bike”可知此句缺少时间状语，应用“when”。故选A。 【巩固提升2】—What’s wrong with you? You looked worried. —I have many problems to solve. But I don’t know ________ first. A．where to deal with B．when to deal with C．how to deal with D．which to deal with 【答案】D 【详解】句意：——你怎么了？你看起来很担心。——我有许多问题要解决。但我不知道该先处理哪个。 考查宾语从句用法。根据“But I don’t know...”可知，空处缺宾语，结合选项可知，需用特殊疑问词+to do结构，how怎样，多用来做方式状语；when什么时候。多用来做时间状语；where哪里，选项A、B、C均缺少宾语，需排除。which哪一个，可做从句的主语。故选D。 【巩固提升3】Friends know when _________ advice _________ what to do. A．giving; on B．to give; in C．giving; on D．to give; on 【答案】D 【详解】句意：朋友知道该什么时候建议做什么。 考查非谓语动词。空格1是“疑问词+不定式”结构；空格2指“对……提建议”，表达为 give advice on...。故选D。 一、单项选择 1．It’s necessary for you ________ reading. A．keep B．kept C．to keep D．keeping 【答案】C 【详解】句意：对你来说坚持阅读是必要的。 固定句型“It’s+adj+for sb+to do sth”，意为“对某人来说做某事是……的”，其中It是形式主语，真正的主语是动词不定式。 2．It’s very kind ________ you ________ me with my English. A．for, to help B．of, helping C．of, to help D．for, helping 【答案】C 【详解】句意：谢谢你帮我学英语。 考查介词及不定式。it’s+adj+of sb to do sth“某人做某事是……的”，固定搭配。故选C。 3．It’s not safe ________ students ________ on the street. A．of; play B．for; to play C．for; play D．of; to play 【答案】B 【详解】句意：学生在街上玩是不安全的。 考查动词不定式作主语及介词辨析。It’s + adj. + for/of sb. to do sth.“（对于某人来说）做某事是……的”，为固定句型，若形容词描述人的性格、品质时介词应用of，当形容词描述事物的特征特点时用介词for。句中用动词不定式作主语，排除A、C项；句中表达在街上玩不安全，应用介词for。故选B。 4．The naughty boy refused ________ himself properly and to mind his manners on public occasions. A．behave B．to behave C．behaving D．was behaving 【答案】B 【详解】句意：这个淘气的男孩拒绝在公共场合举止得体和注意礼貌。 固定搭配refuse to do sth.意为“拒绝做某事”，refuse后接动词不定式作宾语。应填to behave。 5．It was cold, but we managed ________ the top of the mountain in time to see the beautiful sunrise. A．reach B．reaching C．to reach D．reached 【答案】C 【详解】句意：天气很冷，但我们设法及时到达山顶看到了美丽的日出。 manage后接动词不定式作宾语，构成固定搭配manage to do sth.，意为“设法做成某事”。因此此处应填动词不定式to reach。 6．I made up my mind ________ one of them, A．become B．to become C．became D．becoming 【答案】B 【详解】句意：我下定决心成为他们中的一个。 固定短语make up one’s mind to do sth.意为“下定决心做某事”，后接动词不定式作宾语。A项为动词原形，C项为过去式，D项为现在分词或动名词，均不符合该搭配用法，只有B项是动词不定式。 7．I find it joyful ________ with Doubao when you feel upset. A．chat B．to chat C．chatting D．to chatting 【答案】B 【详解】句意：当你感到难过时，我发现和豆包聊天很快乐。 固定搭配find it + adj. + to do sth.表示发现做某事是……的。句中it作形式宾语，真正的宾语是动词不定式。应填to chat。 8．He has decided ________ a new plan for his study. A．make B．making C．to make D．made 【答案】C 【详解】句意：他已经决定为他的学习制定一个新计划。   动词decide后通常接动词不定式作宾语，表示“决定做某事”，固定搭配“decide to do sth.”，to make符合语境。 9．— My wish is ________ a doctor like Zhong Nanshan.   — Great! So you should work hard every day. A．become B．became C．to become D．becoming 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——我的愿望是成为钟南山那样的医生。——太棒了！所以你应该每天努力工作。 考查非谓语动词。空前是系动词is，这里应用动词不定式作表语，说明主语的内容，故选C。 10．Tom loves animals. His wish is ________ a lovely pig. A．have B．to have C．having D．has 【答案】B 【详解】句意：汤姆热爱动物。他的愿望是拥有一只可爱的小猪。 考查动词不定式。分析句子可知，此处是动词不定式作表语，说明主语的具体内容，表示“汤姆的愿望是拥有一只可爱的小猪”。故选B。 11．He often tells jokes to make us ________. A．laugh B．laughing C．to laughing D．to laugh 【答案】A 【详解】句意：他经常讲笑话让我们笑。 固定搭配“make sb. do sth.”意为“使某人做某事”，其中make为使役动词，后接不带to的不定式，即动词原形作宾语补足语。 12．To help students balance study and rest, many cities around China allow students ________ short spring and autumn vacations every year. A．have B．having C．to have D．had 【答案】C 【详解】句意：为了帮助学生平衡学习和休息，中国许多城市允许学生每年拥有短暂的春秋假。 固定搭配“allow sb. to do sth. ”意为“允许某人做某事”。allow后接宾语students，此处应用动词不定式to have作宾语补足语，其他选项形式不符合该搭配。 13．Parents always expect their children ________good habits from an early age. A．develop B．developed C．to develop D．developing 【答案】C 【详解】句意：父母总是期望他们的孩子从小去养成良好的习惯。 develop发展，养成；developed发展（过去式/过去分词）；to develop去发展，去养成；developing发展（现在分词/动名词）。根据固定搭配expect sb. to do sth.意为“期望某人做某事”，可知此处应填动词不定式。应填to develop。 14．Kangkang’s mother forces him ________ milk every day because she thinks it’s good for him. A．drink B．drinks C．drinking D．to drink 【答案】D 【详解】句意：康康的妈妈强迫他每天喝牛奶，因为她认为这对他有好处。 固定搭配“force sb. to do sth.”意为“强迫某人做某事”，此处应用动词不定式作宾语补足语。应填to drink。 15．Jim went to the hospital ________ an X-ray check after he fell off the bike. A．take B．takes C．to take D．took 【答案】C 【详解】句意：吉姆从自行车上摔下来后，去医院做X光检查。 结合句意，去医院的目的是做X光检查，不定式可以用来作目的状语。应填to take。 16．If you want to improve your spoken English, you should do what you can ________ it. A．practise B．to practise C．practising D．practised 【答案】B 【详解】句意：如果你想提高英语口语，你应该尽你所能去练习它。   句中“what you can”是宾语从句，其后需用不定式作目的状语，即“do what you can to do sth.”，意为“尽你所能去做某事”。故选用to practise。 17．—Why do you practise calligraphy every day? —________ my handwriting and relax myself. A．Improve B．Improving C．Improved D．To improve 【答案】D 【详解】句意：——你为什么每天练习书法？——为了提高我的书写水平并放松自己。 根据问句“Why”可知，询问目的，答句应用动词不定式作目的状语，表示“为了……”，应填To improve。 18．My sister is ________ young ________ go to school. She is only two years old. A．so; that B．enough; to C．too; to D．such; that 【答案】C 【详解】句意：我妹妹太小了还不能去上学。她现在只有两岁。 so/such…that…“如此……以致于……”；enough“足够”，修饰形容词需后置；too…to…“太……而不能……”，后接动词原形。根据“She is only two years old.”可知她太小不能上学，且第二空后为动词原形go，符合“too+形容词+to+动词原形”结构。所以应填too；to。 19．— Let me have a rest first. I’m ________ to walk any further. — Come on! We only have five kilometers left. A．weak enough B．too weak C．quite weak D．so weak 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——让我先休息一下。我太虚弱了，走不动了。——加油！我们只剩下五公里了。 考查“too...to...”结构。weak enough足够虚弱；too weak太虚弱；quite weak相当虚弱；so weak如此虚弱。根据“Let me have a rest first. I’m...to walk any further”可知，此处应使用“too weak to walk”表示“太虚弱以至于不能走”。故选B。 20．The box is too heavy for me ________ it. A．carrying B．carries C．to carry D．carry 【答案】C 【详解】句意：这个箱子太重了，我搬不动它。 考查非谓语动词。carrying是carry的现在分词形式；carries是carry的第三人称单数形式；to carry是carry的不定式形式；carry是动词原形。根据句子结构可知，此处是“too...to...”结构，表示“太……而不能……”，其中“to”后接动词原形，构成不定式，表示结果。所以此处应该用to carry。故选C。 二、完形填空 Once, a young boy and his father went out for a walk. On a farm, they saw a pair of old 1 that seemed to be a poor farmer’s. The boy said, “Why don’t we 2 the shoes and see what the farmer will do when he can’t find them?” “It’s not good to play such a 3 ,” his father said. “But why not just put some coins in his shoes to see what will happen?” The boy 4 and they put some coins in each shoe. The farmer came back. As he put his foot into one shoe, he felt something 5 in his shoe. Soon, he found the coins. In 6 , he started to look around, but didn’t see anyone. After a while, he again 7 some coins in the other shoe and his tears came out. He said, “Oh, a kind person helped me. Now I can buy 8 for my sick wife and get bread for my hungry children.” After the farmer left, the father asked his son, “Now tell me which one makes you feel 9 ? Hiding his shoes or putting some coins in his shoes?” “The second. I’ll never forget the 10 you’ve taught me, Dad! Thank you!” 1．A．scissors B．shoes C．gloves D．trousers 2．A．clean B．hide C．buy D．brush 3．A．joke B．match C．song D．sport 4．A．agreed B．refused C．appeared D．failed 5．A．soft B．hard C．wet D．hot 6．A．danger B．control C．surprise D．trouble 7．A．pointed B．dropped C．placed D．discovered 8．A．medicine B．glue C．silk D．paper 9．A．afraid B．terrible C．happy D．angry 10．A．skill B．language C．song D．lesson 【答案】 1．B 2．B 3．A 4．A 5．B 6．C 7．D 8．A 9．C 10．D 【解析】本文讲述一位父亲通过引导儿子不捉弄农夫、反而悄悄在农夫鞋子里放硬币的小故事，教会儿子善良与助人的道理。 1．句意：在一个农场里，他们看到一双旧鞋子，看起来属于一位贫穷的农夫。 根据后文多次出现“the shoes”以及男孩想要捉弄农夫鞋子的情节，此处应填鞋子。scissors“剪刀”、gloves“手套”、trousers“裤子”均与后文情节不符。 2．句意：我们为什么不把鞋子藏起来，看看农夫找不到鞋子会怎么做？ 根据后文“Hiding his shoes”可知男孩想要藏起鞋子捉弄农夫，应用hide。clean“打扫”、buy“购买”、brush“刷”均不符合语境。 3．句意：开这样的玩笑是不好的。 根据上文男孩想藏起鞋子捉弄农夫，这是开玩笑、恶作剧，应用joke。match“比赛”、song“歌曲”、sport“运动”均不符句意。 4．句意：男孩同意了，然后他们在每只鞋子里放了一些硬币。 根据后文两人一起往鞋子里放硬币，说明男孩听从父亲建议、表示同意，应用agreed。refused“拒绝”、appeared“出现”、failed“失败”均与情节相反。 5．句意：当他把脚伸进一只鞋子里时，他感觉到鞋里有硬硬的东西。 硬币质地坚硬，因此此处填hard“坚硬的”。soft“柔软的”、wet“潮湿的”、hot“热的”均不符合硬币的特点。 6．句意：他惊讶地四处张望，但是没有看到任何人。 农夫意外发现鞋子里的硬币，感到十分惊讶，in surprise为固定搭配，应用surprise。danger“危险”、control“控制”、trouble“麻烦”均不符合语境。 7．句意：过了一会儿，他又在另一只鞋子里发现了一些硬币，流下了眼泪。 根据语境，农夫再次找到硬币，是发现硬币，应用discovered。pointed“指向”、dropped“掉落”、placed“放置”均不符合句意。 8．句意：现在我可以给生病的妻子买药，给饥饿的孩子买面包了。 根据后文“sick wife”妻子生病，需要购买药物，应用medicine。glue“胶水”、silk“丝绸”、paper“纸张”均不符合语境。 9．句意：现在你告诉我，哪一件事让你感觉开心？ 根据后文男孩选择第二种善意的做法，可知善意的行为让人开心，应用happy。afraid“害怕的”、terrible“糟糕的”、angry“生气的”均不符合语境。 10. 句意：我永远不会忘记你教给我的道理。 根据全文父亲通过这件事教会孩子善良的道理，teach sb. a lesson为固定搭配，意为“给某人教训、教给某人 教训、教给某人道理”，应用lesson。skill“技能”、language“语言”、song“歌曲”均不符。 三、短文填空 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入括号内单词的正确形式。 Last year, an earthquake hit our town. Everyone was 1 (scare) that night. The ground shook hard, and the lights in the buildings went out suddenly. People ran out of their homes, shouting in fear. Among them were my neighbor Mr. Wang and 2 (he) family. My mom and I were stuck in our house at first because the door was closed. Mr. Wang heard our cries and came back 3 (help). He pulled the door open with all his strength and guided us to a safe place, away from the 4 (bad) damaged buildings. After the earthquake 5 (stop), we saw many people get hurt. Many people 6 (be) screaming loudly for help around us. 7 (thankful), kind neighbors and volunteers came to offer help right away, Mr. Wang and my mom rushed to the second floor and found an old lady 8 (hide) alone in a small corner, She was too terrified to move. They managed to lead her to safety and then set up 9 (tent) for weak elders and little kids. Although we felt exhausted, we stayed together, To look after each other well, we decided 10 (share) food and clean water if need. That experience taught me that human care and unity could light up the way in the darkest moments. 【答案】 1．scared 2．his 3．to help 4．badly 5．stopped 6．were 7．Thankfully 8．hiding 9．tents 10．to share 【解析】本文讲述了去年作者所在的城镇发生了一场地震，邻居王先生在地震中帮助作者一家脱离险境，之后大家齐心协力救助他人、搭建帐篷、分享物资的感人经历。 1．句意：那天晚上每个人都很害怕。此处作表语，修饰人（Everyone），表示“感到害怕的”，应用形容词scared。 2．句意：其中有我的邻居王先生和他的家人。“family”是名词，前面要用形容词性物主代词his修饰。 3．句意：王先生听到了我们的呼喊声，回来帮忙。此处表示目的，应用动词不定式to help作目的状语。 4．句意：把我们引导到一个安全的地方，远离受损最严重的建筑物。此处修饰过去分词damaged，应用副词badly，表示“严重地”。 5．句意：地震停止后，我们看到很多人受伤了。根据全文时态为一般过去时，此处应用stop的过去式stopped。 6．句意：我们周围很多人在大声呼救。主语“Many people”是复数，且全文为一般过去时，应用be动词的过去式were。 7．句意：谢天谢地，善良的邻居和志愿者们立刻赶来帮忙。此处修饰整个句子，应用副词Thankfully，且位于句首，首字母需大写。 8．句意：王先生和我妈妈冲到二楼，发现一位老太太独自躲在一个小角落里。“find sb. doing sth.”表示“发现某人正在做某事”，应用现在分词hiding作宾语补足语。 9．句意：然后为体弱的老人和小孩子们搭起了帐篷。“tent”为可数名词，此处指搭建多个帐篷，应用复数形式tents。 10．句意：为了更好地照顾彼此，我们决定分享食物和干净的水。“decide”后接动词时，应用动词不定式作宾语，即decide to do sth.。 道理”，应用lesson。skill“技能”、language“语言”、song“歌曲”均不符。 19 / 21 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $