内容正文:
专题01 动词时态(一般过去时、一般将来时、过去进行时
和现在进行时)
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知识点一 一般过去时
【课标要求】能在口头和书面表达中正确使用一般过去时描述:① 过去特定时间发生并完结的单次动作;② 过去经常性、习惯性的行为(如 She walked to school every day when she was ten.);③ 过去人、事物存在的状态与特征(如 My hometown was small ten years ago.);④ 过去依次发生的一连串连续动作(如 I washed hands, had dinner and watched TV last night.);⑤ 主句为过去时态时,宾语从句中对应的过往事件(如 He told me he visited Beijing last summer.)
1. 一般过去时的含义
一般过去时表示过去某个时间或某一段时间内发生的动作或存在的状态,常和表示过去的时间状语连用,如 yesterday、 last night、 in 2008、three days ago 等。
(1)含be动词的一般过去时的结构
肯定句
主语十was/were+其他.
否定句
主语+was/were not+其他.
一般疑问句
Was Were+ 主语+其他?
简略回答:
Yes,主语十was/were.
No, 主语+wasn't/weren't.
特殊疑问句
疑问词十was/were十主语+其他?
Jim was ill this morning. 吉姆今天早上生病了。
I wasn't at school yesterday. 昨天我不在学校。
Was he at home last Sunday?上周日他在家吗?
-Yes, he was./No,he wasn’t 是的,他在家。/不,他不在家。
Where were you last night?你昨晚在哪里?
(2) 含实义动词的一般过去时的结构
肯定句
主语+动词过去式十其他.
否定句
主语+did not+动词原形+其他.
一般疑问句
Did+主语+动词原形+其他?
简略回答:
Yes, 主语十did.
No, 主语+didn't.
特殊疑问句
疑问词+did+主语+动词原形+其他?
Harry and Annie lived a mile from town, but they walked there to school every day. (2024乐山中考)
哈里和安妮住在离镇上一英里远的地方,但他们每天步行去那里上学。
We didn't even know what it was. (2024武汉中考)
我们甚至不知道它是什么。
-Did you join the art club last year? 你去年加入美术俱乐部了吗?
-Yes,I did.是的,我加入了。
Where did Sara get water? 萨拉在哪里找到的水?
2、动词的过去式
(1)规则动词过去式的变化规律
类别
构成方法
示例
一般情况
加-ed
help →helped play→played
以不发音的字母e结尾的动词
加-d
live→lived hope→hoped
以重读闭音节结尾的动词,末尾只有一个辅音字母
双写末尾的辅音字母,再加-ed
stop → stopped plan → planned
以辅音字母加y结尾的动词
变y为i,再加-ed
carry →carried study→studied
(2)不规则动词的过去式
没有统一的规律,但有一部分动词的过去式有着相同的变化形式:
改变元音字母
become →became, come→came, begin→began,get→got, forget→forgot, give →gave
字母组合ee变化
feel→felt,sweep→swept,keep→kept
部分以ow/aw结尾的变成ew
know→knew,draw→drew
部分以d结尾的词,把d变成t
lend→lent,spend→spent,send→sent
词形不变,个别单词的读音发生变化
cut→cut,put→put,
read/ri:d/ /→ read/red/
3、一般现在时与一般过去时的区别
我们学习了一般现在时和一般过去时,其区别如下:
时态
谓语结构
用法及例句
标志词
一般现在时
1.am/is/are
2.动词原形或第三人称单数形式
表示经常性、习惯性的动作或现在的状态,也表示客观真理、自然现象等
He is a student. 他是一名学生。
I often get up at six in the morning.
我经常在早上六点钟起床。
always, usually, often,
sometimes, every day/
year/..., on Sundays 等
一般过去时
动词的过去式
表示过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态
How was your school trip?
你的学校旅行怎么样?
She visited her uncle yesterday.
昨天她看望了她的叔叔。
yesterday, the day before
yesterday, last week/year /..., ...ago, once upon a time等
【典例破题】Tom usually ________ TV on weekends, but he ________ a book last weekend.
A.watches; read B.watched; reads
C.is watching; is reading D.will watch; will read
【答案】A
【详解】句意:汤姆通常在周末看电视,但他上周末读了一本书。
考查时态。根据第一个空前的“usually”可知,此处句子时态为一般现在时;根据第二个空后的“last weekend”可知,此处指过去的事情,应用一般过去时,结合选项可知,A项符合。故选A。
【巩固提升1】—Who carried the idea of making Binglao to Europe?
—Marco Polo ________.
A.is B.was C.does D.did
【巩固提升2】Jack ________ a letter to his parents two days ago.
A.writes B.is writing C.will write D.wrote
【巩固提升3】—I have a ticket for the basketball game tonight.
—Cool! How________ you________ it?
A.had; got B.did; get C.will; get D.were; getting
知识点二 一般将来时
【课标要求】能在口头和书面表达中正确使用一般将来时描述:① 将来某个时间将要发生的动作或存在的状态(如 I will go shopping tomorrow.);② 事先计划、打算准备实施的行为(如 He is going to take a trip next holiday.);③ 根据当下迹象预判即将发生的情况(如 Look at the clouds. It’s going to rain.);④ 说话当下临时做出的即时决定(如 —I’m thirsty. —I’ll get you some water.);⑤ 将来阶段内重复、习惯性发生的动作(如 We will have a sports meeting every spring from next year.)
一、be going to 表示将来
1. be going to 的用法
be going to 后跟动词原形,是一般将来时的表达形式之一,主要用来表示将要发生的动作或安排,或打算、计划、决 定要做的事。
2.be going to 的句式结构
句式
结构
示例
肯定句
主语十be going to+动词原形十......
I’m going to visit the Summer Palace next week.我打算下周去参观颐和园。
否定句
主语十be十not十 going to十动词原形十...
I'm not going to visit the Summer Palace next week. 我不打算下周去参观颐和园。
一般疑问句
Be+主语+going to +动词原形+...?
Are you going to visit the Summer Palace next week? 你打算下周去参观颐和园吗?
特殊疑问句
特殊疑问词+be十主语十going to十动词原形十...?
Where are you going to visit next week? 你打算下周参观什么地方?
二、will/shall表示将来
1、will/shall的用法
表示单纯的未来事实或预测,表示说话时瞬间的决定或意愿。
2、will/shall的句式结构
句式
结构
示例
肯定句
主语+will/shall+动词原形+其他.
We will see a film tomorrow afternoon.明天下午我们将去看一场电影。
否定句
主语十will/shall+not+动词原形+其他.
We won't leave before nine. 九点以前我们不会离开。
一般疑问句
Will/Shall+主语+动词原形十其他?
肯定回答:Yes,主语十will/ shall.
否定回答:No,主语 十won't/shan't.
-Will you come to school tomorrow? 你明天会来学校吗?
-Yes, I will. 是的,我会来。
特殊疑问句
特殊疑问词作主语:特殊疑问词+will+动词原形十其他?
特殊疑问词作其他成分:特殊疑问词+will/shall+主语+动词原形十其他?
Who will come to the party? 谁会来参加聚会呢?
What will you do in ten years?十年之后你将做什么?
【拓展】
1、两种结构的区别
结构
侧重点
例句
will/shall do
1. 客观的将来(与主观意愿无关)
2. 说话时临时决定
3. 带有“意愿”、“承诺”色彩
1. I will be 18 next year. (单纯未来事实)
2. The phone is ringing. I 'll answer it. (临时决定)
3. I will help you. (意愿/承诺)
be going to do
1. 主观的计划或打算
2. 基于当前迹象的推测(很可能发生)
3. 近期的、已考虑过的将来
1. I am going to visit my grandparents this weekend. (计划)
2. Look at the dark clouds! It is going to rain. (有迹象的推测)
3. She is going to study abroad. (打算)
2、其他表示将来的结构
(1)用一般现在时表示将来的情况:
①表示按规定、计划或时刻表等将要进行的动作,但限于少数动词,如 start、come、leave、arrive等。
The new term starts on lst September. 新学期将于9月1日开始。
②在时间状语从句或条件状语从句中,用一般现在时表示将来。
They will play football if it is sunny tomorrow. 如果明天晴天,他们将踢足球
(2)用现在进行时 (be doing)表示将来的情况
表示按计划、安排即将发生的动作,常与表示将来的时间状语连用,动词多为表示位置移动的动词,如 come, go, leave, start等。
The train is leaving in ten minutes.火车十分钟后发车。
3、There be 的将来时的情况
“There be going to be/will be十主语十...”表示“将有……”,其中 to 后的be 是there be 句式中的 be,不能用 have。 be going to 中的 be有人称、数和时态的变化。
There is going to be an English film this evening. 今天晚上会有一场英文电影。
【典例破题】—What will the future life be like?
—There ________ more free time for people.
A.will have B.is going to have C.will be D.are going to be
【答案】C
【详解】句意:——未来的生活将会是什么样子的?——人们将会有更多的空闲时间。
there be句型的将来时结构为“there will be”或“there is/are going to be”,表示“将会有”,不能与have连用,排除A和B;more free time是不可数名词,视作单数,D选项are是复数形式,排除D。应填will be。
【巩固提升1】—Look at the dark clouds! What do you think will happen?
—I think it ________ rain soon.
A.is going to B.will C.was going to D.would
【巩固提升2】If we don’t save energy, it ________ soon.
A.runs out B.will run out C.ran out D.is running out
【巩固提升3】—Remember to call me when you arrive, Mike.
—I ________, mum.
A.must B.can C.will D.should
知识点三 过去进行时
【课标要求】能在口头和书面表达中正确使用过去进行时描述:① 过去某个具体时刻正在进行的动作(如 I was reading books at eight last night.);② 过去某一段持续时间段内一直在开展的行为(如 They were cleaning the classroom from 3 to 4 yesterday afternoon.);③ 过去短暂动作发生时,背景中持续进行的动作(如 When he came in, we were talking.);④ 过去同一时间段内同时持续发生的两件动作(如 While my mother was cooking, my father was washing dishes.);⑤ 记叙往事时渲染当时的场景与环境氛围(如 It was raining and people were walking with umbrellas that morning.)
过去进行时表示过去某一时刻或某一阶段正在进行的动作, 其基本结构为“ “was/ /were十动词-ing形式”。
一、过去进行时的基本句式
句式
构成
肯定句
主语十was/ were十动词-ing 形式(十其他).
否定句
主语十was / were十 +not+动词-ing 形式(十其他).
一般疑
问句
Was/Were十主语十动词-ing 形式(+其他)?
肯定回答
Yes,主语十was/ were.
否定回答
No,主语十wasn't/ weren't.
特殊疑问句
对非主语部分提问:疑问词十was/were十主语十动词-ing 形式(十其他)?
对主语提问:疑问词十was/ /were十动词-ing 形式(十其他)?
The girl l was shopping when I Is saw her. 我看见那个女孩的时候她正在购物。
He was not working g at that time. 巩固视频 那时他没有在工作。
-Was he playing basketball then? 那个时候他正在打篮球吗?
-Yes, he was. 是的,他在打篮球。
-What were you doing at nine last Sunday morning? 上周日上午九点你在做什么?
-I was sleeping. 我在睡觉。
二、过去进行时的基本用法
用法
时间状语
表示过去某一段时间内正在进行的动作
常用时间状语:this morning、the whole morning/afternoon, all day yesterday, all night, from10:00 to 12:00 yesterday、 in those days等
表示过去某一时刻正在发生的动作
常用时间状语:at that time、at this time yesterday、at 3 o'clock yesterday afternoon等
表示过去某个动作发生时,另一个动作正在进行
与when引导的时间状语从句连用(主句用过去进行时,从句用一般过去时)
与while引导的时间状语从句连用(主句用一般过去时,从句用过去进行时)
表示过去某两个延续性动作同时进行
多与while引导的时间状语从句连用
I was watching TV the whole night. 整个晚上我都在看电视。
Miss Li was shopping at this time yesterday. 昨天这个时候李小姐正在购物。
The students were reading when the teacher came in. 老师进来时学生们正在读书。
While he was reading , the telephone rang. 他正在读书时,电话铃响了。
I was cleaning my bedroom while my mother was cooking. 我打扫卧室的时候妈妈正在做饭。
【辨析】when与while
when
引导的从句的谓语动词既可以是短暂性动作,也可以是延续性动作
while
引导的从句的谓语动词必须是延续性动作
【典例破题】My friend arrived while I ________ my mother in the kitchen.
A.are helping B.were helping C.was helping D.will help
【答案】C
【详解】句意:当我的朋友到达时,我正在厨房里帮助我的妈妈。
考查过去进行时。主句“My friend arrived”使用了一般过去时,while引导的时间状语从句表示“当……时”,强调主句动作发生时从句动作正在进行,因此从句需用过去进行时。从句主语为I,be动词应用was。故选C。
【巩固提升1】—Why didn’t you answer my call last night?
—Sorry, I ________ a shower at that time.
A.took B.was taking C.will take D.have taken
【巩固提升2】—Where did you go yesterday? I looked for you everywhere.
—I ________ in the gym. I ________ tennis with my coach the whole afternoon.
A.was; played B.was; was playing C.went; played D.went; was playing
【巩固提升3】My brother was playing games ______ I was preparing for the English test.
A.when B.while C.as soon as D.until
知识点三 现在完成时
【课标要求】能在口头和书面表达中正确使用现在完成时描述:① 过去发生且对当下产生直接结果、影响的动作(如 I have finished my homework, so I can play outside.);② 从过去某一时间持续至今的动作或状态(常搭配 for、since,如 We have studied English since Grade Seven.);③ 过去曾经有过的人生经历(常搭配 ever、never,如 I have ever climbed the mountain.);④ 截至目前已完成、未完成的行为(常搭配 already、yet,如 She hasn’t read this novel yet.);⑤ 到现在为止累计发生的动作次数(如 They have been to Shanghai twice.)
一、现在完成时的用法
1. 表示过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果,常和just(刚刚),already(已经),yet(已经),never(从不),ever(曾经),before(以前),so far(到目前为止)等时间状语连用。
—Have you had breakfast yet?你吃过早饭了吗?
—Yes, have. I've just had it. 是的,我吃过了。我刚吃过。(现在我不饿了)
2. 表示从过去某一时刻开始一直持续到现在的动作或状态,还有可能继续下去,常和时间状语“for+段时间”或“since+表示过去的时间点或从句”连用。
He has taught French for five years. 他教法语五年了。
He has taught French since he came to this school. 他自从来到这个学校就一直教法语了。
二、现在完成时的构成
现在完成时由“助动词have/has+动词的过去分词”构成。
三、现在完成时的句式结构
1. 肯定句:主语+have/has+过去分词+其他。
I have seen the film. 我看过那部电影。
2. 否定句:主语+have/ has not (haven't/hasn't)+过去分词+其他.
Tom hasn't finished his homework. 汤姆还没有完成他的家庭作业。
I haven't met him since last week. 从上周到现在我一直没有见过他。
3. 一般疑问句:Have/Has+主语+过去分词+其他?
肯定回答:Yes, 主语have/has.
否定回答:No, 主语+haven't/hasn't.
—Have you ever climbed that mountain? 你爬过那座山吗?
—Yes, I have. /No, I haven't. 是的,我爬过。/不,我没有。
4. 特殊疑问句:特殊疑问词+have/has+主语+过去分词+其他?
How long have you worked in Japan? 你在日本工作多长时间了?
四、动词过去分词的变化规则
动词过去分词的变化分为规则变化和不规则变化。
1. 规则变化
(1)一般情况加-ed finish—finished
(2)以-e结尾的,加-d。live—lived
(3)以“辅音字母+y”结尾的,变y为i加-ed。carry—carried
(4)重读闭音节单词,并且末尾只有一个辅音字母,先双写该辅音字母,再加-ed。stop—stopped
2. 不规则变化
不规则变化见《不规则动词表》。
五、现在完成时的几个标志词
(1)just 意为“刚刚”,表示动作刚刚结束,常放在助动词与过去分词之间。
He has just come back from Beijing.他刚从北京回来。
(2)ever意为“曾经”,放在助动词与过去分词之间。
Have you ever been to Shanghai?你曾去过上海吗?
(3)never意为“从来没有”,常与before 连用,多放在助动词与过去分词之间。
I have never traveled by plane before.我以前从来没有乘飞机旅行过。
(4)before 意为“以前”,指过去不确定的某个时间,总是放在句末,不受句型的限制。
I think we’ve met before.我觉得我们以前见过面。
(5)since+时间点,for+时间段。
I have been in Beijing for two years.我在北京两年了。
(6)already意为“已经”通常用于完成时的肯定句中,放在助动词have/has后,过去分词前或句尾。
We have already read the book. 我们已经读过这本书了。
(7)yet用于完成时的疑问句和否定句中,意为“已经”,通常放于句末。
Have you found your wallet yet? 你已经找到你钱包了吗?
I haven't found my wallet yet. 我还没找到我的钱包。
六、延续性动词与非延续性动词的用法
(1)现在完成时表示动作从过去某个时候开始一直持续到现在,与一段时间连用时应注意肯定句中的谓语动词应是延续性动词,非延续性动词不可和一段时间连用。
我离开这所学校已八年了。
误:I’ve left this school for eight years.
正:I’ve been away from this school for eight years.他借用我的词典已两天了。
误:He has borrowed my dictionary for two days.
正:He has kept my dictionary for two days.
【温馨提示】不过,在否定句中非延续性动词可与一段时间连用。
I haven’t gone to see him for several months.我已经好几个月没去看他了。
(2)非延续性动词与一段时间连用时可采用下列三种方法:
①将非延续性动词转化为延续性动词
非延续性动词
延续性动词
buy
have
borrow
keep
open
be open
close
be closed
begin/start
be on
come
be here
go
be there
finish
be over
die
be dead
catch a cold
have a cold
put on
wear
wake up
be awake
fall asleep
be asleep
lose
not have
join
be in
leave
be away
arrive/reach
be
②将时间状语改为过去时间,并用一般过去时代替现在完成时。
③用句型“It is+一段时间+since从句(从句中的谓语动词用非延续性动词的过去式)”表示。
It is two years since the old man died.这个老人死了两年了。
七、have been to, have gone to和have been in的区别
形式
意义及用法说明
例句
have been to
表示“曾去过某地”,说话时已从某地回来或已从某地去了其他地方,总之,现在已不在某地
Have you ever been to New York?你曾去过纽约吗?(人已回来)
have gone to
have gone to则表示“已去了某地”,说话时不在说话地点或在去某地的途中,或已到了某地,总之,现在还未回来
Jim has gone to New York with his family.吉姆和他的家人去了纽约。(人还没回来)
have been in
have been in 表示“已在某地(待了多久)”,若表示“已在小地方多久”,in需用at 代替,但后面跟副词时只用have been,不需用任何介词
The Greens have been in New York for three years.格林一家在纽约(生活)已有3年了。
Mr.Li has been at this school for ten years.李先生在这个学校已有10年了。
The Greens are in Nanjing now.They have been here for half a year.格林一家现在在南京。他们在这儿已有半年了。
八、现在完成时和一般过去时的区别
时态
意义及用法说明
例句
侧重点
不同
现在完成时
与现在有关的时态,属于现在时态范畴,它侧重于过去的动作对现在造成的影响或结果
I have seen the film already.我已看过那部电影了。(说明“看”这个动作发生在过去,我现在对这部电影的内容有所了解)
一般过去时
是一种过去时态,侧重于表示过去的动作,与现在无关
I went to Nantong yesterday.昨天我去了南通。(仅说明昨天去了南通这件事情,与现在无关)
连用的
时间状
语不同
现在完成时
与现在完成时连用的时间状语有:already,yet,still,just,so far,in the last/past...,before,ever,never,since引出的时间和for引出的时间等
Have you ever picked flowers or stepped on the grass in a park?你曾经在公园里摘过花或踩过草坪吗?
一般过去时
一般过去时则常与ago,yesterday,last...,in 1990,just now等连用
Father bought this bike five years ago.父亲5年前买了这辆自行车。
【典例破题】My cousin ________ as a volunteer in the Suqian Charity Federation since he left college.
A.works B.worked C.has worked D.will work
【答案】C
【详解】句意:我的表哥自从大学毕业后就在宿迁慈善总会做志愿者。
根据标志词“since he left college”可知,句子要用现在完成时,其结构为have/has+过去分词,主语为单数,助动词用has。应填has worked。
【巩固提升1】— Lisa, your spoken English is beautiful.
— Thank you. I ________ it since I was five.
A.learn B.learnt C.have learnt D.will learn
【巩固提升2】—How long have you ________ this book?
—For two weeks. I ________ it from the school library.
A.borrowed; borrowed B.kept; borrowed C.kept; kept D.borrowed; kept
【巩固提升3】—I came here to watch the film, but the cinema is already empty.
—That’s because the film ________ since 7:30.
A.has ended B.has been on C.has started D.has been over
一、单项选择
1.—Where ________ your sister go last weekend?
—She ________ to the Kadilira Hot Spring Resort.
A.did, go B.does, goes C.did, went D.will, go
2.Mr. Green ________ in our school for five years, and he ________ here in 2018.
A.has worked; came B.worked; came
C.has worked; has come D.worked; has come
3.The unexpected news ________ our attention yesterday.
A.catch B.caught C.catches D.catching
4.—Did you hear that John hurt his leg?
—Yes. He was playing football when he ________.
A.falls down B.fell down C.was falling down D.has fallen
5.There ________ a school meeting next Monday.
A.is going to have B.is going to be C.will have D.are going to be
6.If you visit it, you ________ the largest living structure.
A.see B.saw C.will see D.to see
7.We ______ a volunteer activity at the community center this coming weekend.
A.have B.had C.are having D.will have
8.—When ______ you ______ the library? —Next Friday.
A.do; visit B.will; visit C.did; visit D.have; visited
9.—What’s your plan for next weekend?
—I ________ some money for the sick children in the hospital.
A.raise B.raised C.am raising D.will raise
10.My father ________ a newspaper when I got home yesterday evening.
A.reads B.is reading C.was reading D.will read
11.—What did your father say to you just now?
—He asked me what I ________ at that moment.
A.am doing B.was doing C.will do D.do
12.—________ you ________ when the earthquake started last night?
—Yes, I was just about to fall asleep.
A.Did; sleep B.Were; sleeping C.Are; sleeping D.Do; sleep
13.While my brother ________ his computer, my father came home from work.
A.repaired B.is repairing C.was repairing D.has repaired
14.—What ________ you ________ at 3:00 p.m. yesterday afternoon?
—I was reading a book about outdoor adventures.
A.do; do B.did; do C.were; doing D.are; doing
15.—I called you at 8 o’clock yesterday evening, but no one answered.
—Oh, sorry. I ________ a shower at that time.
A.took B.was taking C.have taken D.will take
16.I ________ a walk along the river at 7:00 yesterday evening.
A.take B.took C.was taking D.am taking
17.My father ________ to Shanghai. He will be back in three days.
A.has been B.has gone C.goes D.went
18.— Are you going to watch Detective Academy (名侦探学院) tonight?
— No! I ______ it with my parents before. I don’t think it’s exciting.
A.see B.have seen C.will see D.am seeing
19.—How many English songs ________ you ________ so far?
—About thirty. I really enjoy singing English songs.
A.did; learn B.have; learned C.do; learn D.will; learn
20.— ________ has your grandpa lived here? —Since last year.
A.How long B.How often C.How soon D.How far
二、短文填空
阅读下面短文,在空白处填入一个适当的单词或用括号内单词的正确形式填空。
Spring is a wonderful season that brings hope to the world. Jingzhe is 1 important solar term. It usually 2 (fall) on March 5 or 6, and marks the awakening of nature. Recently, Nanhu Park 3 (become) more popular because of its new changes. Every year during this time, new activities are organized and more kinds of flowers 4 (plant). Many 5 (tourist) come to visit the park.
Last weekend, my friends and I went on a field trip to the park. When we arrived, some children 6 (fly) kites on the grass. My friend Lily loves sports, so she 7 (quick) joined a group of kids to play football. Neither my brother 8 I am interested in football, so we decided to go boating. We felt so 9 (relax) to get close to nature.
This trip was really unforgettable. It taught 10 (we) to love nature. Sharing happy moments with friends makes life warmer and more beautiful.
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专题01 动词时态(一般过去时、一般将来时、过去进行时
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知识点一 一般过去时
【课标要求】能在口头和书面表达中正确使用一般过去时描述:① 过去特定时间发生并完结的单次动作;② 过去经常性、习惯性的行为(如 She walked to school every day when she was ten.);③ 过去人、事物存在的状态与特征(如 My hometown was small ten years ago.);④ 过去依次发生的一连串连续动作(如 I washed hands, had dinner and watched TV last night.);⑤ 主句为过去时态时,宾语从句中对应的过往事件(如 He told me he visited Beijing last summer.)
1. 一般过去时的含义
一般过去时表示过去某个时间或某一段时间内发生的动作或存在的状态,常和表示过去的时间状语连用,如 yesterday、 last night、 in 2008、three days ago 等。
(1)含be动词的一般过去时的结构
肯定句
主语十was/were+其他.
否定句
主语+was/were not+其他.
一般疑问句
Was Were+ 主语+其他?
简略回答:
Yes,主语十was/were.
No, 主语+wasn't/weren't.
特殊疑问句
疑问词十was/were十主语+其他?
Jim was ill this morning. 吉姆今天早上生病了。
I wasn't at school yesterday. 昨天我不在学校。
Was he at home last Sunday?上周日他在家吗?
-Yes, he was./No,he wasn’t 是的,他在家。/不,他不在家。
Where were you last night?你昨晚在哪里?
(2) 含实义动词的一般过去时的结构
肯定句
主语+动词过去式十其他.
否定句
主语+did not+动词原形+其他.
一般疑问句
Did+主语+动词原形+其他?
简略回答:
Yes, 主语十did.
No, 主语+didn't.
特殊疑问句
疑问词+did+主语+动词原形+其他?
Harry and Annie lived a mile from town, but they walked there to school every day. (2024乐山中考)
哈里和安妮住在离镇上一英里远的地方,但他们每天步行去那里上学。
We didn't even know what it was. (2024武汉中考)
我们甚至不知道它是什么。
-Did you join the art club last year? 你去年加入美术俱乐部了吗?
-Yes,I did.是的,我加入了。
Where did Sara get water? 萨拉在哪里找到的水?
2、动词的过去式
(1)规则动词过去式的变化规律
类别
构成方法
示例
一般情况
加-ed
help →helped play→played
以不发音的字母e结尾的动词
加-d
live→lived hope→hoped
以重读闭音节结尾的动词,末尾只有一个辅音字母
双写末尾的辅音字母,再加-ed
stop → stopped plan → planned
以辅音字母加y结尾的动词
变y为i,再加-ed
carry →carried study→studied
(2)不规则动词的过去式
没有统一的规律,但有一部分动词的过去式有着相同的变化形式:
改变元音字母
become →became, come→came, begin→began,get→got, forget→forgot, give →gave
字母组合ee变化
feel→felt,sweep→swept,keep→kept
部分以ow/aw结尾的变成ew
know→knew,draw→drew
部分以d结尾的词,把d变成t
lend→lent,spend→spent,send→sent
词形不变,个别单词的读音发生变化
cut→cut,put→put,
read/ri:d/ /→ read/red/
3、一般现在时与一般过去时的区别
我们学习了一般现在时和一般过去时,其区别如下:
时态
谓语结构
用法及例句
标志词
一般现在时
1.am/is/are
2.动词原形或第三人称单数形式
表示经常性、习惯性的动作或现在的状态,也表示客观真理、自然现象等
He is a student. 他是一名学生。
I often get up at six in the morning.
我经常在早上六点钟起床。
always, usually, often,
sometimes, every day/
year/..., on Sundays 等
一般过去时
动词的过去式
表示过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态
How was your school trip?
你的学校旅行怎么样?
She visited her uncle yesterday.
昨天她看望了她的叔叔。
yesterday, the day before
yesterday, last week/year /..., ...ago, once upon a time等
【典例破题】Tom usually ________ TV on weekends, but he ________ a book last weekend.
A.watches; read B.watched; reads
C.is watching; is reading D.will watch; will read
【答案】A
【详解】句意:汤姆通常在周末看电视,但他上周末读了一本书。
考查时态。根据第一个空前的“usually”可知,此处句子时态为一般现在时;根据第二个空后的“last weekend”可知,此处指过去的事情,应用一般过去时,结合选项可知,A项符合。故选A。
【巩固提升1】—Who carried the idea of making Binglao to Europe?
—Marco Polo ________.
A.is B.was C.does D.did
【答案】D
【详解】句意:——谁提出把冰糕带到欧洲的想法的?——马可波罗。
考查动词辨析。is是,一般现在时;was是,一般过去时;does做,一般现在时;did做,一般过去时。根据“Who carried the idea of making Binglao to Europe?”可知,该句为一般过去时,且此处代替动词carried,应用did,故选D。
【巩固提升2】Jack ________ a letter to his parents two days ago.
A.writes B.is writing C.will write D.wrote
【答案】D
【详解】句意:Jack两天前给他的父母写了一封信。
考查动词时态。根据“two days ago.”可知,本句时态为一般过去时,谓语动词用过去式。故选D。
【巩固提升3】—I have a ticket for the basketball game tonight.
—Cool! How________ you________ it?
A.had; got B.did; get C.will; get D.were; getting
【答案】B
【详解】句意:——我有一张今晚篮球赛的票。——酷!你是怎么得到它的?
考查一般过去时和特殊疑问句。根据“I have a ticket for the basketball game tonight.”可知,“我”已经得到票了,得到票的方法是发生在过去,特殊疑问句应用一般过去时。故选B。
知识点二 一般将来时
【课标要求】能在口头和书面表达中正确使用一般将来时描述:① 将来某个时间将要发生的动作或存在的状态(如 I will go shopping tomorrow.);② 事先计划、打算准备实施的行为(如 He is going to take a trip next holiday.);③ 根据当下迹象预判即将发生的情况(如 Look at the clouds. It’s going to rain.);④ 说话当下临时做出的即时决定(如 —I’m thirsty. —I’ll get you some water.);⑤ 将来阶段内重复、习惯性发生的动作(如 We will have a sports meeting every spring from next year.)
一、be going to 表示将来
1. be going to 的用法
be going to 后跟动词原形,是一般将来时的表达形式之一,主要用来表示将要发生的动作或安排,或打算、计划、决 定要做的事。
2.be going to 的句式结构
句式
结构
示例
肯定句
主语十be going to+动词原形十......
I’m going to visit the Summer Palace next week.我打算下周去参观颐和园。
否定句
主语十be十not十 going to十动词原形十...
I'm not going to visit the Summer Palace next week. 我不打算下周去参观颐和园。
一般疑问句
Be+主语+going to +动词原形+...?
Are you going to visit the Summer Palace next week? 你打算下周去参观颐和园吗?
特殊疑问句
特殊疑问词+be十主语十going to十动词原形十...?
Where are you going to visit next week? 你打算下周参观什么地方?
二、will/shall表示将来
1、will/shall的用法
表示单纯的未来事实或预测,表示说话时瞬间的决定或意愿。
2、will/shall的句式结构
句式
结构
示例
肯定句
主语+will/shall+动词原形+其他.
We will see a film tomorrow afternoon.明天下午我们将去看一场电影。
否定句
主语十will/shall+not+动词原形+其他.
We won't leave before nine. 九点以前我们不会离开。
一般疑问句
Will/Shall+主语+动词原形十其他?
肯定回答:Yes,主语十will/ shall.
否定回答:No,主语 十won't/shan't.
-Will you come to school tomorrow? 你明天会来学校吗?
-Yes, I will. 是的,我会来。
特殊疑问句
特殊疑问词作主语:特殊疑问词+will+动词原形十其他?
特殊疑问词作其他成分:特殊疑问词+will/shall+主语+动词原形十其他?
Who will come to the party? 谁会来参加聚会呢?
What will you do in ten years?十年之后你将做什么?
【拓展】
1、两种结构的区别
结构
侧重点
例句
will/shall do
1. 客观的将来(与主观意愿无关)
2. 说话时临时决定
3. 带有“意愿”、“承诺”色彩
1. I will be 18 next year. (单纯未来事实)
2. The phone is ringing. I 'll answer it. (临时决定)
3. I will help you. (意愿/承诺)
be going to do
1. 主观的计划或打算
2. 基于当前迹象的推测(很可能发生)
3. 近期的、已考虑过的将来
1. I am going to visit my grandparents this weekend. (计划)
2. Look at the dark clouds! It is going to rain. (有迹象的推测)
3. She is going to study abroad. (打算)
2、其他表示将来的结构
(1)用一般现在时表示将来的情况:
①表示按规定、计划或时刻表等将要进行的动作,但限于少数动词,如 start、come、leave、arrive等。
The new term starts on lst September. 新学期将于9月1日开始。
②在时间状语从句或条件状语从句中,用一般现在时表示将来。
They will play football if it is sunny tomorrow. 如果明天晴天,他们将踢足球
(2)用现在进行时 (be doing)表示将来的情况
表示按计划、安排即将发生的动作,常与表示将来的时间状语连用,动词多为表示位置移动的动词,如 come, go, leave, start等。
The train is leaving in ten minutes.火车十分钟后发车。
3、There be 的将来时的情况
“There be going to be/will be十主语十...”表示“将有……”,其中 to 后的be 是there be 句式中的 be,不能用 have。 be going to 中的 be有人称、数和时态的变化。
There is going to be an English film this evening. 今天晚上会有一场英文电影。
【典例破题】—What will the future life be like?
—There ________ more free time for people.
A.will have B.is going to have C.will be D.are going to be
【答案】C
【详解】句意:——未来的生活将会是什么样子的?——人们将会有更多的空闲时间。
there be句型的将来时结构为“there will be”或“there is/are going to be”,表示“将会有”,不能与have连用,排除A和B;more free time是不可数名词,视作单数,D选项are是复数形式,排除D。应填will be。
【巩固提升1】—Look at the dark clouds! What do you think will happen?
—I think it ________ rain soon.
A.is going to B.will C.was going to D.would
【答案】A
【详解】句意:——看那些乌云!你认为会发生什么?——我认为很快就要下雨了。
根据对话中的“Look at the dark clouds!”可知,这是根据当前明显的迹象对未来进行预测,应用be going to结构,故选is going to。
【巩固提升2】If we don’t save energy, it ________ soon.
A.runs out B.will run out C.ran out D.is running out
【答案】B
【详解】句意:如果我们不节约能源,它很快就会耗尽。
if引导的条件状语从句遵循“主将从现”原则,即从句用一般现在时,主句用一般将来时。从句“If we don’t save energy”是一般现在时,主句应用一般将来时“will+动词原形”结构。
【巩固提升3】—Remember to call me when you arrive, Mike.
—I ________, mum.
A.must B.can C.will D.should
【答案】C
【详解】句意:——迈克,你到的时候记得给我打电话。——我会的,妈妈。
考查情态动词辨析。must必须;can能够,可以;will将会;should应该。根据前文“Remember to...”可知此句语境为记得去做某事,说明事情还没发生,所以回答要用将来时,只有C选项表示意愿符合语境。故选C。
知识点三 过去进行时
【课标要求】能在口头和书面表达中正确使用过去进行时描述:① 过去某个具体时刻正在进行的动作(如 I was reading books at eight last night.);② 过去某一段持续时间段内一直在开展的行为(如 They were cleaning the classroom from 3 to 4 yesterday afternoon.);③ 过去短暂动作发生时,背景中持续进行的动作(如 When he came in, we were talking.);④ 过去同一时间段内同时持续发生的两件动作(如 While my mother was cooking, my father was washing dishes.);⑤ 记叙往事时渲染当时的场景与环境氛围(如 It was raining and people were walking with umbrellas that morning.)
过去进行时表示过去某一时刻或某一阶段正在进行的动作, 其基本结构为“ “was/ /were十动词-ing形式”。
一、过去进行时的基本句式
句式
构成
肯定句
主语十was/ were十动词-ing 形式(十其他).
否定句
主语十was / were十 +not+动词-ing 形式(十其他).
一般疑
问句
Was/Were十主语十动词-ing 形式(+其他)?
肯定回答
Yes,主语十was/ were.
否定回答
No,主语十wasn't/ weren't.
特殊疑问句
对非主语部分提问:疑问词十was/were十主语十动词-ing 形式(十其他)?
对主语提问:疑问词十was/ /were十动词-ing 形式(十其他)?
The girl l was shopping when I Is saw her. 我看见那个女孩的时候她正在购物。
He was not working g at that time. 巩固视频 那时他没有在工作。
-Was he playing basketball then? 那个时候他正在打篮球吗?
-Yes, he was. 是的,他在打篮球。
-What were you doing at nine last Sunday morning? 上周日上午九点你在做什么?
-I was sleeping. 我在睡觉。
二、过去进行时的基本用法
用法
时间状语
表示过去某一段时间内正在进行的动作
常用时间状语:this morning、the whole morning/afternoon, all day yesterday, all night, from10:00 to 12:00 yesterday、 in those days等
表示过去某一时刻正在发生的动作
常用时间状语:at that time、at this time yesterday、at 3 o'clock yesterday afternoon等
表示过去某个动作发生时,另一个动作正在进行
与when引导的时间状语从句连用(主句用过去进行时,从句用一般过去时)
与while引导的时间状语从句连用(主句用一般过去时,从句用过去进行时)
表示过去某两个延续性动作同时进行
多与while引导的时间状语从句连用
I was watching TV the whole night. 整个晚上我都在看电视。
Miss Li was shopping at this time yesterday. 昨天这个时候李小姐正在购物。
The students were reading when the teacher came in. 老师进来时学生们正在读书。
While he was reading , the telephone rang. 他正在读书时,电话铃响了。
I was cleaning my bedroom while my mother was cooking. 我打扫卧室的时候妈妈正在做饭。
【辨析】when与while
when
引导的从句的谓语动词既可以是短暂性动作,也可以是延续性动作
while
引导的从句的谓语动词必须是延续性动作
【典例破题】My friend arrived while I ________ my mother in the kitchen.
A.are helping B.were helping C.was helping D.will help
【答案】C
【详解】句意:当我的朋友到达时,我正在厨房里帮助我的妈妈。
考查过去进行时。主句“My friend arrived”使用了一般过去时,while引导的时间状语从句表示“当……时”,强调主句动作发生时从句动作正在进行,因此从句需用过去进行时。从句主语为I,be动词应用was。故选C。
【巩固提升1】—Why didn’t you answer my call last night?
—Sorry, I ________ a shower at that time.
A.took B.was taking C.will take D.have taken
【答案】B
【详解】句意:——昨晚你为什么不接我的电话?——对不起,那时我正在洗澡。
根据时间状语“at that time”结合语境可知,表示过去某一特定时刻正在进行的动作,应用过去进行时。应填was taking。
【巩固提升2】—Where did you go yesterday? I looked for you everywhere.
—I ________ in the gym. I ________ tennis with my coach the whole afternoon.
A.was; played B.was; was playing C.went; played D.went; was playing
【答案】B
【详解】句意:——你昨天去哪儿了?我到处找你。——我在体育馆。整个下午我都在和我的教练打网球。
第一空表示“在体育馆”,用be动词表示状态,且事情发生在昨天,用一般过去时,故第一空填was;第二空根据“the whole afternoon”可知,强调整个下午一直在进行的动作,用过去进行时,故第二空填was playing。
【巩固提升3】My brother was playing games ______ I was preparing for the English test.
A.when B.while C.as soon as D.until
【答案】B
【详解】句意:我哥哥在玩游戏,而我在准备英语考试。
when当……时(时间点或时间段);while然而,当……时(强调对比或持续动作);as soon as一……就;until直到。根据“My brother was playing games”和“I was preparing for the English test”可知,前后两个持续动作同时进行且表示对比,while符合语境。
知识点三 现在完成时
【课标要求】能在口头和书面表达中正确使用现在完成时描述:① 过去发生且对当下产生直接结果、影响的动作(如 I have finished my homework, so I can play outside.);② 从过去某一时间持续至今的动作或状态(常搭配 for、since,如 We have studied English since Grade Seven.);③ 过去曾经有过的人生经历(常搭配 ever、never,如 I have ever climbed the mountain.);④ 截至目前已完成、未完成的行为(常搭配 already、yet,如 She hasn’t read this novel yet.);⑤ 到现在为止累计发生的动作次数(如 They have been to Shanghai twice.)
一、现在完成时的用法
1. 表示过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果,常和just(刚刚),already(已经),yet(已经),never(从不),ever(曾经),before(以前),so far(到目前为止)等时间状语连用。
—Have you had breakfast yet?你吃过早饭了吗?
—Yes, have. I've just had it. 是的,我吃过了。我刚吃过。(现在我不饿了)
2. 表示从过去某一时刻开始一直持续到现在的动作或状态,还有可能继续下去,常和时间状语“for+段时间”或“since+表示过去的时间点或从句”连用。
He has taught French for five years. 他教法语五年了。
He has taught French since he came to this school. 他自从来到这个学校就一直教法语了。
二、现在完成时的构成
现在完成时由“助动词have/has+动词的过去分词”构成。
三、现在完成时的句式结构
1. 肯定句:主语+have/has+过去分词+其他。
I have seen the film. 我看过那部电影。
2. 否定句:主语+have/ has not (haven't/hasn't)+过去分词+其他.
Tom hasn't finished his homework. 汤姆还没有完成他的家庭作业。
I haven't met him since last week. 从上周到现在我一直没有见过他。
3. 一般疑问句:Have/Has+主语+过去分词+其他?
肯定回答:Yes, 主语have/has.
否定回答:No, 主语+haven't/hasn't.
—Have you ever climbed that mountain? 你爬过那座山吗?
—Yes, I have. /No, I haven't. 是的,我爬过。/不,我没有。
4. 特殊疑问句:特殊疑问词+have/has+主语+过去分词+其他?
How long have you worked in Japan? 你在日本工作多长时间了?
四、动词过去分词的变化规则
动词过去分词的变化分为规则变化和不规则变化。
1. 规则变化
(1)一般情况加-ed finish—finished
(2)以-e结尾的,加-d。live—lived
(3)以“辅音字母+y”结尾的,变y为i加-ed。carry—carried
(4)重读闭音节单词,并且末尾只有一个辅音字母,先双写该辅音字母,再加-ed。stop—stopped
2. 不规则变化
不规则变化见《不规则动词表》。
五、现在完成时的几个标志词
(1)just 意为“刚刚”,表示动作刚刚结束,常放在助动词与过去分词之间。
He has just come back from Beijing.他刚从北京回来。
(2)ever意为“曾经”,放在助动词与过去分词之间。
Have you ever been to Shanghai?你曾去过上海吗?
(3)never意为“从来没有”,常与before 连用,多放在助动词与过去分词之间。
I have never traveled by plane before.我以前从来没有乘飞机旅行过。
(4)before 意为“以前”,指过去不确定的某个时间,总是放在句末,不受句型的限制。
I think we’ve met before.我觉得我们以前见过面。
(5)since+时间点,for+时间段。
I have been in Beijing for two years.我在北京两年了。
(6)already意为“已经”通常用于完成时的肯定句中,放在助动词have/has后,过去分词前或句尾。
We have already read the book. 我们已经读过这本书了。
(7)yet用于完成时的疑问句和否定句中,意为“已经”,通常放于句末。
Have you found your wallet yet? 你已经找到你钱包了吗?
I haven't found my wallet yet. 我还没找到我的钱包。
六、延续性动词与非延续性动词的用法
(1)现在完成时表示动作从过去某个时候开始一直持续到现在,与一段时间连用时应注意肯定句中的谓语动词应是延续性动词,非延续性动词不可和一段时间连用。
我离开这所学校已八年了。
误:I’ve left this school for eight years.
正:I’ve been away from this school for eight years.他借用我的词典已两天了。
误:He has borrowed my dictionary for two days.
正:He has kept my dictionary for two days.
【温馨提示】不过,在否定句中非延续性动词可与一段时间连用。
I haven’t gone to see him for several months.我已经好几个月没去看他了。
(2)非延续性动词与一段时间连用时可采用下列三种方法:
①将非延续性动词转化为延续性动词
非延续性动词
延续性动词
buy
have
borrow
keep
open
be open
close
be closed
begin/start
be on
come
be here
go
be there
finish
be over
die
be dead
catch a cold
have a cold
put on
wear
wake up
be awake
fall asleep
be asleep
lose
not have
join
be in
leave
be away
arrive/reach
be
②将时间状语改为过去时间,并用一般过去时代替现在完成时。
③用句型“It is+一段时间+since从句(从句中的谓语动词用非延续性动词的过去式)”表示。
It is two years since the old man died.这个老人死了两年了。
七、have been to, have gone to和have been in的区别
形式
意义及用法说明
例句
have been to
表示“曾去过某地”,说话时已从某地回来或已从某地去了其他地方,总之,现在已不在某地
Have you ever been to New York?你曾去过纽约吗?(人已回来)
have gone to
have gone to则表示“已去了某地”,说话时不在说话地点或在去某地的途中,或已到了某地,总之,现在还未回来
Jim has gone to New York with his family.吉姆和他的家人去了纽约。(人还没回来)
have been in
have been in 表示“已在某地(待了多久)”,若表示“已在小地方多久”,in需用at 代替,但后面跟副词时只用have been,不需用任何介词
The Greens have been in New York for three years.格林一家在纽约(生活)已有3年了。
Mr.Li has been at this school for ten years.李先生在这个学校已有10年了。
The Greens are in Nanjing now.They have been here for half a year.格林一家现在在南京。他们在这儿已有半年了。
八、现在完成时和一般过去时的区别
时态
意义及用法说明
例句
侧重点
不同
现在完成时
与现在有关的时态,属于现在时态范畴,它侧重于过去的动作对现在造成的影响或结果
I have seen the film already.我已看过那部电影了。(说明“看”这个动作发生在过去,我现在对这部电影的内容有所了解)
一般过去时
是一种过去时态,侧重于表示过去的动作,与现在无关
I went to Nantong yesterday.昨天我去了南通。(仅说明昨天去了南通这件事情,与现在无关)
连用的
时间状
语不同
现在完成时
与现在完成时连用的时间状语有:already,yet,still,just,so far,in the last/past...,before,ever,never,since引出的时间和for引出的时间等
Have you ever picked flowers or stepped on the grass in a park?你曾经在公园里摘过花或踩过草坪吗?
一般过去时
一般过去时则常与ago,yesterday,last...,in 1990,just now等连用
Father bought this bike five years ago.父亲5年前买了这辆自行车。
【典例破题】My cousin ________ as a volunteer in the Suqian Charity Federation since he left college.
A.works B.worked C.has worked D.will work
【答案】C
【详解】句意:我的表哥自从大学毕业后就在宿迁慈善总会做志愿者。
根据标志词“since he left college”可知,句子要用现在完成时,其结构为have/has+过去分词,主语为单数,助动词用has。应填has worked。
【巩固提升1】— Lisa, your spoken English is beautiful.
— Thank you. I ________ it since I was five.
A.learn B.learnt C.have learnt D.will learn
【答案】C
【详解】句意:——丽莎,你的英语口语真好。——谢谢你。我从五岁起就开始学习英语了。
根据答语中的时间状语“since I was five”可知,此句是现在完成时态,结构为“have/has done”;主语是“I”,因此助动词用have。
【巩固提升2】—How long have you ________ this book?
—For two weeks. I ________ it from the school library.
A.borrowed; borrowed B.kept; borrowed C.kept; kept D.borrowed; kept
【答案】B
【详解】句意:——这本书你借了多久了?——两周了。我是从学校图书馆借的。
borrowed借;kept保留,保存。“How long”提问时间段,与延续性动词连用,borrow是短暂性动词,不能与时间段连用,需换成延续性动词keep。第一空用kept;第二空描述从图书馆借的动作,用一般过去时borrowed。
【巩固提升3】—I came here to watch the film, but the cinema is already empty.
—That’s because the film ________ since 7:30.
A.has ended B.has been on C.has started D.has been over
【答案】D
【详解】句意:——我来这里看电影,但电影院已经空了。——那是因为电影7:30就结束了。
end结束;on上映;start开始;over结束。根据since可知,句子时态为现在完成时,结构为have/has+过去分词,且动词为延续性动词,end和start为非延续性动词,排除。根据句意可知,此处表示电影已经结束了,应填has been over。
一、单项选择
1.—Where ________ your sister go last weekend?
—She ________ to the Kadilira Hot Spring Resort.
A.did, go B.does, goes C.did, went D.will, go
【答案】C
【详解】句意:——你妹妹上周末去哪了?——她去了卡迪拉拉温泉度假村。
根据时间状语“last weekend”可知句子时态为一般过去时,第一空特殊疑问句需借助助动词did;第二空答语谓语动词go需用过去式went。故填did;went。
2.Mr. Green ________ in our school for five years, and he ________ here in 2018.
A.has worked; came B.worked; came
C.has worked; has come D.worked; has come
【答案】A
【详解】句意:格林先生在我们学校工作五年了,他2018年来到这里。
work工作;come来。句中“for five years”表示从过去持续到现在的动作,需用现在完成时,结构为“have/has+过去分词”,主语Mr. Green是第三人称单数,故第一空填has worked;句中“in 2018”是表示过去的具体时间状语,谓语动词应用一般过去时,come的过去式为came。故填has worked;came。
3.The unexpected news ________ our attention yesterday.
A.catch B.caught C.catches D.catching
【答案】B
【详解】句意:昨天这个意外消息吸引了我们的注意。
句中时间状语yesterday表示过去,句子要用一般过去时,故填caught。
4.—Did you hear that John hurt his leg?
—Yes. He was playing football when he ________.
A.falls down B.fell down C.was falling down D.has fallen
【答案】B
【详解】句意:——你听说John伤到腿了吗?——是的。他正在踢足球,这时他摔倒了。
fall down意为“摔倒;跌倒”,根据“He was playing football when he...”可知,此处表达踢足球的动作正在进行时,摔倒的动作突然发生,用when引导的时间状语从句,其结构是“过去进行时的句子+when+一般过去时的句子”,持续性动作用过去进行时,瞬间动作用一般过去时,动词要用过去式,fall的过去式是fell。
5.There ________ a school meeting next Monday.
A.is going to have B.is going to be C.will have D.are going to be
【答案】B
【详解】句意:下周一将有一场学校会议。
根据句首“There”可知,本句为there be句型,表示“存在”,不能与have连用,排除A、C选项;根据时间状语“next Monday”可知,句子时态为一般将来时,结构为“There will be”或“There is/are going to be”;又因主语“a school meeting”为单数,be动词应用is,排除D选项。故选B。
6.If you visit it, you ________ the largest living structure.
A.see B.saw C.will see D.to see
【答案】C
【详解】句意:如果你参观它,你将会看到最大的生物结构。
if引导的条件状语从句遵循“主将从现”原则,即从句用一般现在时,主句用一般将来时。根据“If you visit it”可知从句是一般现在时,故主句应用一般将来时will see。
7.We ______ a volunteer activity at the community center this coming weekend.
A.have B.had C.are having D.will have
【答案】D
【详解】句意:这个周末我们将在社区中心举办一个志愿者活动。
根据时间状语“this coming weekend”可知,动作发生在将来,句子应用一般将来时。故选D。
8.—When ______ you ______ the library? —Next Friday.
A.do; visit B.will; visit C.did; visit D.have; visited
【答案】B
【详解】句意:——你什么时候去图书馆?——下周五。
根据答句“Next Friday”表示将来时间,问句应用一般将来时,应填will; visit。
9.—What’s your plan for next weekend?
—I ________ some money for the sick children in the hospital.
A.raise B.raised C.am raising D.will raise
【答案】D
【详解】句意:——你下周末的计划是什么?——我将为医院里生病的孩子们筹款。
问句中的时间状语“next weekend”提示答语表示将来要发生的动作,应用一般将来时(will do)。
10.My father ________ a newspaper when I got home yesterday evening.
A.reads B.is reading C.was reading D.will read
【答案】C
【详解】句意:昨天晚上我到家时,我的爸爸正在看报纸。
结合“when I got home yesterday evening”,when引导的时间状语从句用一般过去时,主句表示过去某个时刻正在进行的动作,时态应为过去进行时,结构为“was/were+现在分词”。应填入was reading。
11.—What did your father say to you just now?
—He asked me what I ________ at that moment.
A.am doing B.was doing C.will do D.do
【答案】B
【详解】句意:——你父亲刚才对你说了什么?——他问我那一刻正在做什么。
主句He asked me是一般过去时,what引导的宾语从句需用过去的某种时态。根据时间状语at that moment可知动作在过去某一时刻正在进行,应用过去进行时,应填was doing。
12.—________ you ________ when the earthquake started last night?
—Yes, I was just about to fall asleep.
A.Did; sleep B.Were; sleeping C.Are; sleeping D.Do; sleep
【答案】B
【详解】句意:——昨晚地震开始的时候你正在睡觉吗?——是的,我正要睡着。
根据时间状语“when the earthquake started last night”可知,此处表示过去某一时刻正在进行的动作,应用过去进行时,结构为was/were+doing。主语为you,be动词用were。应填Were; sleeping。
13.While my brother ________ his computer, my father came home from work.
A.repaired B.is repairing C.was repairing D.has repaired
【答案】C
【详解】句意:当我哥哥正在修他的电脑时,我父亲下班回家了。
repaired修理(一般过去时);is repairing正在修理(现在进行时);was repairing正在修理(过去进行时);has repaired 已经修理(现在完成时)。while引导的时间状语从句通常表示持续性的动作,主句谓语came是一般过去时,表明动作发生在过去。结合语境可知,父亲回家的那一刻,哥哥正在修电脑,表示过去某一时刻正在进行的动作,应用过去进行时,结构为was/were doing。主语my brother是第三人称单数,be动词用was。故选C。
14.—What ________ you ________ at 3:00 p.m. yesterday afternoon?
—I was reading a book about outdoor adventures.
A.do; do B.did; do C.were; doing D.are; doing
【答案】C
【详解】句意:——昨天下午3点你正在做什么?——我正在读一本关于户外冒险的书。
根据时间状语“at 3:00 p.m. yesterday afternoon”可知,问句询问的是过去某一具体时刻正在进行的动作,应用过去进行时,其结构为“was/were+现在分词”。主语为you,be动词用 were,实义动词用doing,故填were;doing。
15.—I called you at 8 o’clock yesterday evening, but no one answered.
—Oh, sorry. I ________ a shower at that time.
A.took B.was taking C.have taken D.will take
【答案】B
【详解】句意:——昨晚八点我给你打电话了,但没人接。——哦,抱歉,我那时正在洗澡。
at that time表示过去某个具体时间点正在进行的动作,所以时态为过去进行时,因此选was taking。
16.I ________ a walk along the river at 7:00 yesterday evening.
A.take B.took C.was taking D.am taking
【答案】C
【详解】句意:昨天晚上 7 点我正在河边散步。
根据“at 7:00 yesterday evening”(过去具体时刻),可知动作当时正在进行。过去进行时结构为was/were+doing,主语I搭配was taking,符合语境。应填was taking。
17.My father ________ to Shanghai. He will be back in three days.
A.has been B.has gone C.goes D.went
【答案】B
【详解】句意:我的父亲去上海了。他将在三天后回来。
has been去过;has gone去了;goes去;went去。根据“He will be back in three days.”可知,父亲现在还没回来,所以是“去了上海”,应用现在完成时have/has gone to结构。主语My father 是第三人称单数,助动词用 has。
18.— Are you going to watch Detective Academy (名侦探学院) tonight?
— No! I ______ it with my parents before. I don’t think it’s exciting.
A.see B.have seen C.will see D.am seeing
【答案】B
【详解】句意:——你今晚打算看《名侦探学院》吗?——不!我以前和父母已经看过它了。我觉得它不精彩。
see为一般现在时;have seen为现在完成时;will see为一般将来时;am seeing为现在进行时。句中时间状语“before”是现在完成时的标志词,表示动作发生在过去并对现在造成影响,即因为看过了所以今晚不看。只有选项B为现在完成时。
19.—How many English songs ________ you ________ so far?
—About thirty. I really enjoy singing English songs.
A.did; learn B.have; learned C.do; learn D.will; learn
【答案】B
【详解】句意:——到目前为止你学了多少首英文歌? ——大约三十首。我真的很喜欢唱英文歌。
did;learn一般过去时,表示过去发生的动作;have;learned现在完成时;do;learn一般现在时,描述习惯性动作;will;learn一般将来时,表未来动作,句中so far“到目前为止”,为现在完成时的标志性时间状语,可知本句要用现在完成时。
20.— ________ has your grandpa lived here? —Since last year.
A.How long B.How often C.How soon D.How far
【答案】A
【详解】句意:——你爷爷住在这里多久了?——自从去年以来。
How long多久;How often多久一次;How soon多久以后;How far多远。根据答语“Since last year.”可知,此处是对爷爷居住的时间长度进行提问,应用How long。
二、短文填空
阅读下面短文,在空白处填入一个适当的单词或用括号内单词的正确形式填空。
Spring is a wonderful season that brings hope to the world. Jingzhe is 1 important solar term. It usually 2 (fall) on March 5 or 6, and marks the awakening of nature. Recently, Nanhu Park 3 (become) more popular because of its new changes. Every year during this time, new activities are organized and more kinds of flowers 4 (plant). Many 5 (tourist) come to visit the park.
Last weekend, my friends and I went on a field trip to the park. When we arrived, some children 6 (fly) kites on the grass. My friend Lily loves sports, so she 7 (quick) joined a group of kids to play football. Neither my brother 8 I am interested in football, so we decided to go boating. We felt so 9 (relax) to get close to nature.
This trip was really unforgettable. It taught 10 (we) to love nature. Sharing happy moments with friends makes life warmer and more beautiful.
【答案】
1.an 2.falls 3.has become 4.are planted 5.tourists 6.were flying 7.quickly 8.nor 9.relaxed 10.us
【解析】本文介绍了春天的节气“惊蛰”以及作者和朋友们上周末去南湖公园郊游的经历,感受了大自然的美好。
1.句意:惊蛰是一个重要的节气。此处泛指“一个重要的节气”,“important”以元音音素开头,应用不定冠词an。
2.句意:它通常在3月5日或6日。“usually”表示经常性动作,句子时态为一般现在时,主语“It”是第三人称单数,所以动词用falls。
3.句意:最近,南湖公园因为新的变化变得越来越受欢迎。“Recently”是现在完成时的标志词,主语“Nanhu Park”为第三人称单数,应用has become。
4.句意:每年这个时节,园内都会开展新活动,还会栽种各式各样的花卉。“flowers”与“plant”之间是被动关系,且此处描述每年的常规活动,应用一般现在时的被动语态,即are planted。
5.句意:许多游客来参观公园。“tourist”为可数名词,由“Many”修饰,应用复数形式tourists。
6.句意:当我们到达时,一些孩子正在草地上放风筝。“When we arrived”表示过去某一时刻,当时正在进行的动作应用过去进行时,即were flying。
7.句意:我的朋友莉莉热爱运动,所以她迅速加入了一群孩子踢足球。此处修饰动词“joined”,应用副词形式quickly。
8.句意:我哥哥和我都对足球不感兴趣,于是我们决定去划船。“Neither...nor...”是固定搭配,意为“既不……也不……”,应用连词nor。
9.句意:我们感到非常放松,能亲近大自然。此处作表语,修饰人的感受,应用形容词relaxed。
10.句意:它教会我们要热爱自然。“taught”为动词,后接人称代词宾格形式作宾语,应用us。
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