（辽宁沈阳卷）期末必刷卷-- 2025-2026学年 沪教版英语八年级下册

（辽宁沈阳卷）期末必刷卷-- 2025-2026学年 沪教版 英语八年级下册 （本试卷共45小题 满分90分 考试时长90分钟） 注意事项： 1．答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上。 2．答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用2B铅笔把答题卡对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上。写在本试卷上无效。 3．考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。 第一部分 选择题（共50分） 一、阅读理解（共20小题，每小题2分；满分40分） 第一节 阅读下面的材料，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。 A Do you know what people in other countries called China thousands of years ago? Long ago, ancient countries like Greece (希腊) and Rome (罗马) knew about China, but they didn’t call it “China”. Instead, they used special names that told stories about soft silk, powerful dynasties (朝代), and busy seaways. Seres: The Land of Silk The people in ancient Greece and Rome truly loved Chinese silk for its soft touch. They knew that silk came from a country far to the east, so they decided to call that place Seres or Serica. In their languages, these names simply meant “The Land of Silk.” Sinae: The Name from the Word “Qin” Later on, people from Rome started using another name: Sinae. Experts in history believe this word comes from the Qin Dynasty. Even though the dynasty itself didn’t last very long, its name traveled down by sea to different parts of the world. Cathay: The Influence of the Khitans (契丹) During the Middle Ages (中世纪) in Italy, the most common name for China was Cathay. It came from the Khitan fighters, who created the Liao Dynasty When Italian explorers like Marco Polo traveled over land across the dangerous Silk Road, they met the Liao Dynasty first. Therefore, they used that name for the country. China: The Name from the Sea You might be thinking: Where does “China” come from? In fact, it comes from the same word as “Sinae”—Qin. While the earlier trips over land gave Italy the name “Cathay”, the seaways from the south gave the world “China”. Whether it was Seres for its silk, Sinae and China for its first dynasty, or Cathay for its northern fighters, each name is like a little window into the history of how the world discovered China. 1．Who would call China “Cathay”? A．A fighter from the Qin Dynasty. B．An Italian from the Middle Ages. C．A Japanese woman that loved silk. D．A traveler visiting Greece from Rome. 2．What can you infer from the passage? A．Marco Polo was a friend to the Khitans. B．“Sinae” and “China” came from the same word. C．People in Rome didn’t know where silk came from. D．People travelled to China in different ways over time. 3．Which is the best title for the passage? A．How China talked with the world B．What is behind China’s oldest name C．What the world once called China D．How Italian explorers gave China its name 4．Which of the following does NOT influence the names for China? A．Qin Dynasty. B．War. C．Silk. D．Italian explorers. B     Sound is a form of energy that we cannot see. But we can sense it. Our sense of hearing helps us know what is going on around us. We often hear a train before we see it. Even in darkness, we can hear sounds.     Sound can be a powerful means of communication. Think of a lion roaring. Its roar can fill people with fear. Mothers rush over when they hear their children cry for help. When people think of their favorite songs, they often smile.     There is much to learn about sound. Sounds are produced by vibrations (振动). To vibrate means to repeat the same movements over and over again. Some vibrations can be seen, while others can be felt. Place your hand gently on your throat. Can you feel the vibrations? What you feel is your vocal cords (声带) moving back and forth.     When an object vibrates, it creates movement in the air. When you clap your hands, you make the air around them move in waves. These waves are called sound waves. Sound waves travel through the air and carry energy, just as ocean waves do.     Do you want to witness the energy of sound waves? We can hear sounds, yet we cannot see sound waves. Try this experiment: gently place a few grains of rice on a drum. The vibrations will make the rice jump. Speak loudly next to the drum. Vibrations travel from your mouth through the air to the drumhead (鼓面), and you will see the rice bounce again.     Have you ever wondered how vibrations reach your ears? Sound waves spread through the air and reach your ears, which are built to capture them. They pass through your ear canal (耳道) and hit your eardrum, making it vibrate. It is this vibration that enables you to hear friends talking, dogs barking and your favorite music. 5．From the passage, we know that ________. A．all vibrations can be seen B．all vibrations can be felt C．vibrations can lead to sounds D．doing different actions may cause vibrations 6．What does the underlined word in paragraph 5 probably mean? A．Fall down. B．Jump up and down. C．Move slowly. D．Stay where it is. 7．Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the passage? A．The rice bounces because of the vibrations of the drum head. B．We can see vibrations easily if the sound is loud enough. C．Sound waves are the same as ocean waves because they both carry energy. D．The ear canal vibrates first when sound waves reach our ears. 8．What is the best title for this passage? A．How our ears help us hear the world. B．The science of sound: vibrations and waves. C．Fun experiments with sound and vibrations. D．Different kinds of sounds in our daily life. C Have you ever seen thousands of small fish moving together like a giant ball? These are sardines (沙丁鱼), and they have a very clever way to stay safe in the ocean. Living in the open sea, sardines are small and weak, so they are often in danger. Many powerful hunters, such as sea lions, sharks and large fish, are always looking for them. When a hungry sea lion comes near, the sardines do not swim away in different directions. If they do that, the sea lion can catch them easily one by one. Instead, these little fish use their “team spirit” to fight back. Suddenly, the sardines swim towards each other very quickly. They form a large, round shape that looks like a big, spinning ball. Scientists call this a “bait ball”. Because the ball is moving and spinning so fast, the sea lion becomes very confused. It looks at the thousands of silver scales and cannot pick just one fish to eat. It is like trying to catch a single leaf in a windstorm! By staying together, most of the sardines escape and stay alive. They are not big or strong, but they are “tactical masters”. This amazing story from the sea teaches us a great lesson. When we work together as a team, we are much stronger than when we are alone. Even the smallest creatures can do great things as long as they help each other! 9．How does the writer lead in the topic? A．By telling a story. B．By asking a question. C．By listing numbers. D．By using a quote. 10．According to the passage, what would happen if sardines swam away in different directions when a sea lion comes near? A．The sea lion would get confused and leave them alone. B．They would all be safe because the sea lion cannot catch them all. C．The sea lion could easily catch them one by one. D．They would form a bait ball to fight back. 11．Why do sardines form a “bait ball” when sea lions come near? A．To attract more small fish to eat. B．To protect themselves from being caught. C．To play a game with other sea animals. D．To find a new place to live. 12．What is the main lesson the writer wants to teach us? A．Sardines are the most clever fish in the ocean. B．Sea lions are dangerous to small sea creatures. C．Working together as a team makes people stronger. D．Small animals should stay away from large hunters. D Have you heard of Pang Zhongwang? He is a young role model in China, famous for his strong will and excellent achievements. Pang Zhongwang was born in 1999 in a poor family in Hebei Province, he experienced great difficulties from an early age. His father was in poor health, and his mother had serious problems with her legs and could hardly walk. Life was really hard for the whole family. Although he had to take on heavy housework and look after his parents every day, Pang never gave up studying. In order to help support the family, he collected and sold rubbish in his free time. He never complained about his terrible living conditions. Instead, he kept studying hard, because he strongly believed that knowledge could change his life and create a better future. His efforts finally paid off. In the 2017 college entrance examination, he got an extremely high score and was admitted to Tsinghua University, one of the top universities in China. He focuses on scientific research and has made great achievements. After graduating in 2021, Pang continued his study at Tsinghua University for a doctorate. He focuses on scientific research and has made great achievements. He has published papers and got several patents. He says he wants to use his knowledge to help our country. Pang Zhongwang’s story touches millions of people. It tells us that no matter how hard the road is, as long as we hold on to our dreams and keep working hard, we will surely succeed in the end. 13．What was Pang Zhongwang’s family like when he was young? A．Rich and comfortable. B．Poor and difficult. C．Large and happy. D．Small but wealthy. 14．The underlined phrase “paid off” most probably means ______. A．还清债务 B．得到回报 C．付出代价 D．获得工资 15．What is the structure of the passage? A．①/②③④⑤⑥ B．①/②③④⑤/⑥ C．①②/③④⑤/⑥ D．①②③④⑤/⑥ 16．What can we learn from Pang Zhongwang? A．We should ask others for help when in trouble. B．Life is unfair to poor people. C．Hard work and strong will can lead to success. D．Only going to Tsinghua University means success. 第二节 阅读短文，从方框内所给的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，其中有一个多余的选项。 阅读短文，从所给的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，其中有一个多余的选项。 Face recognition (识别) is an amazing technology that helps computers tell the difference between people’s faces. We can use this technology in many different places. 17 How Does a Machine Learn to Recognize You? Step 1: Finding a Face The camera looks for basic parts of a face—two eyes, a nose and a mouth. At first, the computer only finds a shape that looks like a face. It doesn’t know whether it is a real person’s face. Step 2: Mapping Facial Features (特点) Once a face is found, the system carefully checks the key features. It studies how far the two eyes are apart, where the nose is, and how the mouth looks. All these form a person’s information. 18 Step 3: Turning Faces into Data (数据) After your key features turn into numbers, the face becomes a set of data. Computers are good at processing numbers, so this data of your face is stored on the machine or compared with a large database (数据库). If the new data matches the saved one, the system knows who you are. Step 4: Learning with AI With the help of AI technology, the computer studies thousands of face photos. 19 Smiling, wearing glasses or growing older will not fool the system. Step 5: Matching and Decision-Making Instead of giving a direct yes or no, the system offers a similarity score. A high enough score means a successful match, allowing your phone to unlock or letting you enter. Today, face recognition is widely used to unlock phones and organize photos. Airports also use it to check important lists. 20 Luckily, scientists and engineers are trying hard to improve it. They hope to make it safer and more useful for everyone. A．It can tell how people feel from their faces. B．However, the technology still has some problems. C．It slowly learns which parts of the face never change. D．For example, we can see it from smartphones to airport safety systems. E．The information is turned into numbers, creating a special “Faceprint” for each person. 二、完形填空（共10小题，每小题1分；满分10分） 阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从每题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中，选出最佳答案。 Della and Jim were poor, but they loved each other deeply. It was the day before Christmas, and Della had only $1.87 to buy Jim a 21 . She knew it wasn’t enough. She thought about the two most 22 things they had: Jim’s gold watch and her long hair. She decided to 23 her hair. The hairdresser gave her $20. With the money, she bought a beautiful 24 for Jim’s watch. When Jim came home, he looked at Della’s short hair in 25 . He didn’t seem angry. He gave her a 26 and handed her a parcel. Inside were the combs she had always wanted. Jim had sold his watch to buy them. Della then showed him the chain. They realized they had both given up their most 27 treasures for each other. They put the presents away. They knew their love was more 28 than any gift. The story teaches us that the best gifts are not expensive. They come from 29 . Della and Jim were the wisest givers because they gave their hearts. True love means making 30 for the person you care about. 21．A．meal B．present C．house D．trip 22．A．valuable B．cheap C．useless D．common 23．A．keep B．cut C．sell D．wash 24．A．comb B．chain C．watch D．ring 25．A．surprise B．anger C．happiness D．sadness 26．A．gift B．hug C．kiss D．letter 27．A．expensive B．precious C．common D．new 28．A．important B．expensive C．beautiful D．interesting 29．A．money B．love C．luck D．family 30．A．money B．mistakes C．sacrifices D．plans 第二部分 非选择题（共40分） 三、语篇填空（共10小题，每小题1分；满分10分） 阅读下面的短文、在空白处填入括号内单词的正确形式。 Do you use hand gestures when you talk? Do you open your mouth and eyes wide when you are 31 (surprise)? These are all examples of body language. Body language is one of the 32 (powerful) and fascinating forms of communication. Even without saying a single word, you can 33 (express) emotions, confidence or nervousness through your posture, gestures and facial expressions. For example, 34 (cross) your arms might make you appear defensive (防御态势) or closed off, while keeping eye contact shows interest, respect, and 35 (confident). A simple nod can signal agreement. Sometimes, different body language expresses the same 36 (mean). Take “hello” for example, French people kiss cheeks (脸颊) to say hello. However, the Maori in New Zealand touch noses in greeting. What are you trying your best 37 (say)? Body language is important. Understanding this language helps you communicate better with others. In a conversation between two people, 65 percent of 38 (communicate) is body language. In some 39 (case) you even express yourself without words. For example, when you go to someone for help, you can raise your hand to catch 40 (they) attention first. Sometimes, your words say one thing, but your body language says another. In many ways, body language is like having a secret insight into an unspoken conversation. It is so important in our daily lives. 四、阅读与表达（共4小题，41～43小题，每小题2分，44小题4分；满分10分） Travelling is one of my hobbies. As for me, it is like opening a new book with pages filled with pictures, words, and stories. I have been lucky to experience this joy through my travels. I want to share my travel experiences, which were both fun and educational (有教育意义的), in a way that is easy for everyone to understand. Planning is very important before any trip. I remember sitting with my family and deciding where to go. We looked at maps, read about places on the internet, and talked about what we wanted to see. We chose a place with mountains and beaches. Then, we made a list of things to take with us, like clothes, snacks, and a camera to keep sweet memories for us. When we reached our destination, I couldn’t believe my eyes. The mountains were tall and covered with green trees, and the sea was a beautiful blue. Every place we visited had its own story and people who lived there, and I learned a lot just by looking around and talking to them. It was exciting for me to see so many new sights. Moreover, I tasted new fruits that grew in the mountains and ate seafood that was caught in the sea that same day. Some foods were strange at first, but I found that it was fun to try new things. Travelling taught me so much. Seeing new places made me curious about the world and want to learn more. I can’t wait to go on my next trip and find out more about our amazing world. 41．In the writer’s opinion, what is travelling like? 42．Which place did the writer choose as the travelling destination? 43．How did the writer feel when seeing new sights? 44．Do you enjoy travelling? Why? 五、书面表达（满分20分） 45．近期，网络热词“爱你老己”（Love You, My Dear Self）在青少年中流行起来。它提倡把自己当作多年的老朋友——善待自己，接纳自己的不完美，在挫折中给予自己耐心与鼓励。这种自我关怀的态度，帮助我们更从容地面对成长中的挑战。 请你根据以下提示，分享成长过程中一次“爱自己”的经历，以及谈谈你在这次经历后，你收获了怎样的成长与感悟。 What is “love yourself” for you? be kind to; give yourself patience; encourage sb. to... What’s your experience about loving yourself? used to; face difficulties; fail to; decide to; feel a sense of... What do you learn from your experience? come to realize; keep healthy; stay happy; grow up... 写作要求： 1．80-120 词，开头结尾已给出，不计入总词数； 2．文中不得出现真实姓名与校名； 3．要点齐全、语句通顺、逻辑清晰。 Recently, the phrase “Love You, My Dear Self” has become popular online. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 试卷第1页，共3页 试卷第1页，共3页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ （辽宁沈阳卷）期末必刷卷-- 2025-2026学年 沪教版 英语八年级下册 解析卷 （本试卷共45小题 满分90分 考试时长90分钟） 注意事项： 1．答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上。 2．答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用2B铅笔把答题卡对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上。写在本试卷上无效。 3．考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。 第一部分 选择题（共50分） 一、阅读理解（共20小题，每小题2分；满分40分） 第一节 阅读下面的材料，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。 A Do you know what people in other countries called China thousands of years ago? Long ago, ancient countries like Greece (希腊) and Rome (罗马) knew about China, but they didn’t call it “China”. Instead, they used special names that told stories about soft silk, powerful dynasties (朝代), and busy seaways. Seres: The Land of Silk The people in ancient Greece and Rome truly loved Chinese silk for its soft touch. They knew that silk came from a country far to the east, so they decided to call that place Seres or Serica. In their languages, these names simply meant “The Land of Silk.” Sinae: The Name from the Word “Qin” Later on, people from Rome started using another name: Sinae. Experts in history believe this word comes from the Qin Dynasty. Even though the dynasty itself didn’t last very long, its name traveled down by sea to different parts of the world. Cathay: The Influence of the Khitans (契丹) During the Middle Ages (中世纪) in Italy, the most common name for China was Cathay. It came from the Khitan fighters, who created the Liao Dynasty When Italian explorers like Marco Polo traveled over land across the dangerous Silk Road, they met the Liao Dynasty first. Therefore, they used that name for the country. China: The Name from the Sea You might be thinking: Where does “China” come from? In fact, it comes from the same word as “Sinae”—Qin. While the earlier trips over land gave Italy the name “Cathay”, the seaways from the south gave the world “China”. Whether it was Seres for its silk, Sinae and China for its first dynasty, or Cathay for its northern fighters, each name is like a little window into the history of how the world discovered China. 1．Who would call China “Cathay”? A．A fighter from the Qin Dynasty. B．An Italian from the Middle Ages. C．A Japanese woman that loved silk. D．A traveler visiting Greece from Rome. 2．What can you infer from the passage? A．Marco Polo was a friend to the Khitans. B．“Sinae” and “China” came from the same word. C．People in Rome didn’t know where silk came from. D．People travelled to China in different ways over time. 3．Which is the best title for the passage? A．How China talked with the world B．What is behind China’s oldest name C．What the world once called China D．How Italian explorers gave China its name 4．Which of the following does NOT influence the names for China? A．Qin Dynasty. B．War. C．Silk. D．Italian explorers. 【答案】1．B 2．D 3．C 4．B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了几千年前不同历史时期世界各国对中国的不同称呼，以及这些称呼的来源与背景，展现了世界认识中国的历史进程。 【详解】1．根据Cathay: The Influence of the Khitans部分“During the Middle Ages in Italy, the most common name for China was Cathay.”可知，是中世纪的意大利人称呼中国为“Cathay”。 2．根据China: The Name from the Sea部分“While the earlier trips over land gave Italy the name ‘Cathay’, the seaways from the south gave the world ‘China’.”可知，人们在不同时期通过海陆不同途径前往中国。A选项文中并未提及马可波罗是契丹人的朋友；B选项的内容是文章直接陈述的事实，并非推断得出的结论；C选项与原文“他们知道丝绸来自遥远东方的一个国家”的描述不符。 3．第一段提出问题“Do you know what people in other countries called China thousands of years ago?”，随后分别介绍了Seres、Sinae、Cathay和China这几个名字的由来。因此“世界曾经如何称呼中国”是最佳标题。 4．根据Sinae: The Name from the Word “Qin”部分“Experts in history believe this word comes from the Qin Dynasty.”以及China: The Name from the Sea部分“In fact, it comes from the same word as ‘Sinae’—Qin.”，可知秦朝直接影响这两个名称。根据Seres: The Land of Silk部分“In their languages, these names simply meant ‘The Land of Silk.’”可知，丝绸是“Seres”名称的直接来源。根据Cathay: The Influence of the Khitans部分“It came from the Khitan fighters…When Italian explorers like Marco Polo traveled over land across the dangerous Silk Road, they met the Liao Dynasty first. Therefore, they used that name for the country.”可知，意大利探险家（以马可波罗为代表）用“Cathay”这一名称来称呼中国。原文从未提及战争对中国的这些称呼产生影响。 B     Sound is a form of energy that we cannot see. But we can sense it. Our sense of hearing helps us know what is going on around us. We often hear a train before we see it. Even in darkness, we can hear sounds.     Sound can be a powerful means of communication. Think of a lion roaring. Its roar can fill people with fear. Mothers rush over when they hear their children cry for help. When people think of their favorite songs, they often smile.     There is much to learn about sound. Sounds are produced by vibrations (振动). To vibrate means to repeat the same movements over and over again. Some vibrations can be seen, while others can be felt. Place your hand gently on your throat. Can you feel the vibrations? What you feel is your vocal cords (声带) moving back and forth.     When an object vibrates, it creates movement in the air. When you clap your hands, you make the air around them move in waves. These waves are called sound waves. Sound waves travel through the air and carry energy, just as ocean waves do.     Do you want to witness the energy of sound waves? We can hear sounds, yet we cannot see sound waves. Try this experiment: gently place a few grains of rice on a drum. The vibrations will make the rice jump. Speak loudly next to the drum. Vibrations travel from your mouth through the air to the drumhead (鼓面), and you will see the rice bounce again.     Have you ever wondered how vibrations reach your ears? Sound waves spread through the air and reach your ears, which are built to capture them. They pass through your ear canal (耳道) and hit your eardrum, making it vibrate. It is this vibration that enables you to hear friends talking, dogs barking and your favorite music. 5．From the passage, we know that ________. A．all vibrations can be seen B．all vibrations can be felt C．vibrations can lead to sounds D．doing different actions may cause vibrations 6．What does the underlined word in paragraph 5 probably mean? A．Fall down. B．Jump up and down. C．Move slowly. D．Stay where it is. 7．Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the passage? A．The rice bounces because of the vibrations of the drum head. B．We can see vibrations easily if the sound is loud enough. C．Sound waves are the same as ocean waves because they both carry energy. D．The ear canal vibrates first when sound waves reach our ears. 8．What is the best title for this passage? A．How our ears help us hear the world. B．The science of sound: vibrations and waves. C．Fun experiments with sound and vibrations. D．Different kinds of sounds in our daily life. 【答案】5．C 6．B 7．A 8．B 【导语】本文介绍了声音的产生、传播原理、特性及作用，借助实验佐证振动发声原理，并阐述人耳感知声音的完整过程。 【详解】5．第三段说明声音产生的原因：“Sounds are produced by vibrations (振动)”，说明振动能够产生声音。 6．第五段说明声波的能量：“Vibrations travel from your mouth through the air to the drumhead (鼓面), and you will see the rice bounce again.”，表明振动从口中经由空气传递到鼓面，你会看到米粒再次跳动起来，即bounce表示“跳动”，“Jump up and down”符合题意。 7．第五段说明米粒跳动的原因：“Speak loudly next to the drum. Vibrations travel from your mouth through the air to the drumhead (鼓面), and you will see the rice bounce again.”，说话时的振动通过空气传到鼓面，引发鼓面振动，让米粒跳动，所以米粒弹起是鼓面振动导致的。 8．本文介绍了产生声音的原理：声音由振动产生，振动形成声波，故“声学原理：振动与声波”符合最佳标题。 C Have you ever seen thousands of small fish moving together like a giant ball? These are sardines (沙丁鱼), and they have a very clever way to stay safe in the ocean. Living in the open sea, sardines are small and weak, so they are often in danger. Many powerful hunters, such as sea lions, sharks and large fish, are always looking for them. When a hungry sea lion comes near, the sardines do not swim away in different directions. If they do that, the sea lion can catch them easily one by one. Instead, these little fish use their “team spirit” to fight back. Suddenly, the sardines swim towards each other very quickly. They form a large, round shape that looks like a big, spinning ball. Scientists call this a “bait ball”. Because the ball is moving and spinning so fast, the sea lion becomes very confused. It looks at the thousands of silver scales and cannot pick just one fish to eat. It is like trying to catch a single leaf in a windstorm! By staying together, most of the sardines escape and stay alive. They are not big or strong, but they are “tactical masters”. This amazing story from the sea teaches us a great lesson. When we work together as a team, we are much stronger than when we are alone. Even the smallest creatures can do great things as long as they help each other! 9．How does the writer lead in the topic? A．By telling a story. B．By asking a question. C．By listing numbers. D．By using a quote. 10．According to the passage, what would happen if sardines swam away in different directions when a sea lion comes near? A．The sea lion would get confused and leave them alone. B．They would all be safe because the sea lion cannot catch them all. C．The sea lion could easily catch them one by one. D．They would form a bait ball to fight back. 11．Why do sardines form a “bait ball” when sea lions come near? A．To attract more small fish to eat. B．To protect themselves from being caught. C．To play a game with other sea animals. D．To find a new place to live. 12．What is the main lesson the writer wants to teach us? A．Sardines are the most clever fish in the ocean. B．Sea lions are dangerous to small sea creatures. C．Working together as a team makes people stronger. D．Small animals should stay away from large hunters. 【答案】9．B 10．C 11．B 12．C 【导语】本文介绍了沙丁鱼在遇到危险时，通过集体形成“诱饵球”的方式保护自己的生存智慧，告诉我们团队合作能让我们更强大的道理。 【详解】9．文章开头用“Have you ever seen thousands of small fish moving together like a giant ball?”这一问题引出话题，因此作者是通过提问的方式引入主题的。 10．第二段指出“When a hungry sea lion comes near, the sardines do not swim away in different directions. If they do that, the sea lion can catch them easily one by one.”，如果沙丁鱼四散游开，海狮会很容易把它们一只只抓住。 11．第三段指出“Because the ball is moving and spinning so fast, the sea lion becomes very confused. It looks at the thousands of silver scales and cannot pick just one fish to eat.”，沙丁鱼形成“诱饵球”是为了迷惑海狮，从而保护自己不被抓住。 12．最后一段指出“When we work together as a team, we are much stronger than when we are alone. Even the smallest creatures can do great things as long as they help each other!”，作者想告诉我们团队合作能让我们变得更强大。 D Have you heard of Pang Zhongwang? He is a young role model in China, famous for his strong will and excellent achievements. Pang Zhongwang was born in 1999 in a poor family in Hebei Province, he experienced great difficulties from an early age. His father was in poor health, and his mother had serious problems with her legs and could hardly walk. Life was really hard for the whole family. Although he had to take on heavy housework and look after his parents every day, Pang never gave up studying. In order to help support the family, he collected and sold rubbish in his free time. He never complained about his terrible living conditions. Instead, he kept studying hard, because he strongly believed that knowledge could change his life and create a better future. His efforts finally paid off. In the 2017 college entrance examination, he got an extremely high score and was admitted to Tsinghua University, one of the top universities in China. He focuses on scientific research and has made great achievements. After graduating in 2021, Pang continued his study at Tsinghua University for a doctorate. He focuses on scientific research and has made great achievements. He has published papers and got several patents. He says he wants to use his knowledge to help our country. Pang Zhongwang’s story touches millions of people. It tells us that no matter how hard the road is, as long as we hold on to our dreams and keep working hard, we will surely succeed in the end. 13．What was Pang Zhongwang’s family like when he was young? A．Rich and comfortable. B．Poor and difficult. C．Large and happy. D．Small but wealthy. 14．The underlined phrase “paid off” most probably means ______. A．还清债务 B．得到回报 C．付出代价 D．获得工资 15．What is the structure of the passage? A．①/②③④⑤⑥ B．①/②③④⑤/⑥ C．①②/③④⑤/⑥ D．①②③④⑤/⑥ 16．What can we learn from Pang Zhongwang? A．We should ask others for help when in trouble. B．Life is unfair to poor people. C．Hard work and strong will can lead to success. D．Only going to Tsinghua University means success. 【答案】13．B 14．B 15．B 16．C 【导语】本文主要介绍了中国青年榜样庞众望在贫困和艰难的家庭环境中，凭借坚强的意志和不懈的努力，最终考入清华大学并取得卓越成就的感人故事。 【详解】13．第二段明确指出：“Pang Zhongwang was Born in 1999 in a poor family... Life was really hard for the whole family”，说明庞众望小时候的家庭贫穷且生活艰难。 14．第三段讲述他努力学习的经历，随后第四段指出“His efforts finally paid off”，接着说他取得了极高的分数并被清华大学录取，这说明他的努力得到了回报，因此“paid off”意为“得到回报”。 15．文章第一段引出人物；第二至五段详细叙述了他的家庭背景、奋斗过程及取得的成就；第六段总结全文，升华主题，指出其故事带来的启示。因此结构为①/②③④⑤/⑥。 16．文章最后一段明确指出：“no matter how hard the road is, as long as we hold on to our dreams and keep working hard, we will surely succeed in the end”，说明我们可以从庞众望身上学到努力和坚强的意志能通向成功。 第二节 阅读短文，从方框内所给的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，其中有一个多余的选项。 阅读短文，从所给的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，其中有一个多余的选项。 Face recognition (识别) is an amazing technology that helps computers tell the difference between people’s faces. We can use this technology in many different places. 17 How Does a Machine Learn to Recognize You? Step 1: Finding a Face The camera looks for basic parts of a face—two eyes, a nose and a mouth. At first, the computer only finds a shape that looks like a face. It doesn’t know whether it is a real person’s face. Step 2: Mapping Facial Features (特点) Once a face is found, the system carefully checks the key features. It studies how far the two eyes are apart, where the nose is, and how the mouth looks. All these form a person’s information. 18 Step 3: Turning Faces into Data (数据) After your key features turn into numbers, the face becomes a set of data. Computers are good at processing numbers, so this data of your face is stored on the machine or compared with a large database (数据库). If the new data matches the saved one, the system knows who you are. Step 4: Learning with AI With the help of AI technology, the computer studies thousands of face photos. 19 Smiling, wearing glasses or growing older will not fool the system. Step 5: Matching and Decision-Making Instead of giving a direct yes or no, the system offers a similarity score. A high enough score means a successful match, allowing your phone to unlock or letting you enter. Today, face recognition is widely used to unlock phones and organize photos. Airports also use it to check important lists. 20 Luckily, scientists and engineers are trying hard to improve it. They hope to make it safer and more useful for everyone. A．It can tell how people feel from their faces. B．However, the technology still has some problems. C．It slowly learns which parts of the face never change. D．For example, we can see it from smartphones to airport safety systems. E．The information is turned into numbers, creating a special “Faceprint” for each person. 【答案】17．D 18．E 19．C 20．B 【导语】本文主要介绍了人脸识别技术的基本工作原理，具体解析了计算机如何通过寻找人脸、定位特征、数据转换、AI学习、比对决策这五个步骤来识别个人身份。 【详解】17．根据第一段中“We can use this technology in many different places.”可知，前文提到人脸识别技术可应用于许多不同的地方，空处应进行举例说明。选项D“For example, we can see it from smartphones to airport safety systems.”符合语境，通过具体实例（智能手机、机场安全系统）对上文的“different places”进行了补充说明。 18．根据第二步骤末尾的“All these form a person’s information.”以及第三步骤开头的“After your key features turn into numbers…”可知，第二步骤介绍了“形成个人信息”，第三步骤介绍“将这些特征转化为数字和数据”，空处位于两者之间，应起到承上启下的过渡作用。选项E“The information is turned into numbers, creating a special ‘Faceprint’ for each person.”恰好将前文的“information”与后文的“turn into numbers”联系起来。 19．根据第四步骤中“With the help of AI technology, the computer studies thousands of face photos.”以及空后的“Smiling, wearing glasses or growing older will not fool the system.”可知，计算机通过研究海量照片，从而能够辨别出哪些是不变的特征，因此即使人们微笑、戴眼镜或变老，系统也不会被欺骗。选项C“It slowly learns which parts of the face never change.”解释了系统不会被欺骗的原因。 20．根据上文提到人脸识别广泛应用于手机解锁、照片整理以及机场名单核对，以及下文“Luckily, scientists and engineers are trying hard to improve it.”提到科学家们正在努力改进该技术可知，此处需要一个表示转折的过渡句来引出技术的不足与改进的必要性。选项B“However, the technology still has some problems.”在结构上承上启下，符合逻辑。 二、完形填空（共10小题，每小题1分；满分10分） 阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从每题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中，选出最佳答案。 Della and Jim were poor, but they loved each other deeply. It was the day before Christmas, and Della had only $1.87 to buy Jim a 21 . She knew it wasn’t enough. She thought about the two most 22 things they had: Jim’s gold watch and her long hair. She decided to 23 her hair. The hairdresser gave her $20. With the money, she bought a beautiful 24 for Jim’s watch. When Jim came home, he looked at Della’s short hair in 25 . He didn’t seem angry. He gave her a 26 and handed her a parcel. Inside were the combs she had always wanted. Jim had sold his watch to buy them. Della then showed him the chain. They realized they had both given up their most 27 treasures for each other. They put the presents away. They knew their love was more 28 than any gift. The story teaches us that the best gifts are not expensive. They come from 29 . Della and Jim were the wisest givers because they gave their hearts. True love means making 30 for the person you care about. 21．A．meal B．present C．house D．trip 22．A．valuable B．cheap C．useless D．common 23．A．keep B．cut C．sell D．wash 24．A．comb B．chain C．watch D．ring 25．A．surprise B．anger C．happiness D．sadness 26．A．gift B．hug C．kiss D．letter 27．A．expensive B．precious C．common D．new 28．A．important B．expensive C．beautiful D．interesting 29．A．money B．love C．luck D．family 30．A．money B．mistakes C．sacrifices D．plans 【答案】 21．B 22．A 23．C 24．B 25．A 26．B 27．B 28．A 29．B 30．C 【导语】本文主要讲述了Della和Jim这对贫穷却深爱彼此的夫妻，在圣诞节前各自卖掉最珍贵的东西为对方买礼物，虽礼物最终无法使用，却证明了真爱比任何物质都珍贵的故事。 【详解】21．句意：Della只有1.87美元来给Jim买一份礼物。 下文“buy Jim a…”以及全文围绕互送圣诞礼物展开，present“礼物”符合语境，meal“一餐”、house“房子”和trip“旅行”均不符。 22．句意：她想到了他们拥有的两样最贵重的东西：Jim的金表和她的长发。 下文“Jim’s gold watch and her long hair”是他们最值钱的东西，valuable“贵重的”符合语境，cheap“便宜的”、useless“无用的”和common“普通的”不符。 23．句意：她决定卖掉自己的头发。 下文“The hairdresser gave her $20”表明她把头发卖了换钱，sell“卖”符合语境，keep“保留”、cut“剪”和wash“洗”语义不通。 24．句意：她用这笔钱给Jim的手表买了一条漂亮的表链。 下文“Della then showed him the chain”直接点明她买的是表链，chain“表链”符合语境，comb“梳子”、watch“手表”和ring“戒指”不符。 25．句意：Jim回到家，惊讶地看着Della的短发。 下文“He didn’t seem angry”说明他的第一反应不是愤怒而是意外，in surprise“惊讶地”符合语境，anger“愤怒”、happiness“高兴”和sadness“悲伤”不符。 26．句意：他给了她一个拥抱，然后递给她一个包裹。 下文“handed her a parcel”说明他先有一个亲近的动作，hug“拥抱”符合语境，gift“礼物”与后文parcel重复、kiss“亲吻”和letter“信”不符。 27．句意：他们意识到彼此都为对方放弃了最珍贵的宝物。 上文“two most valuable things”与“most…treasures”对应，precious“珍贵的”与valuable同义，符合语境，expensive“昂贵的”、common“普通的”和new“新的”不符。 28．句意：他们知道自己的爱比任何礼物都更重要。 全文主旨是爱超越物质，important“重要的”符合语境，expensive“昂贵的”、beautiful“美丽的”和interesting“有趣的”不符。 29．句意：最好的礼物来自爱。 下文“because they gave their hearts”直接点明来源是爱，love“爱”符合语境，money“钱”、luck“运气”和family“家庭”不符。 30．句意：真爱意味着为你在乎的人做出牺牲。 全文核心是两人各自放弃最珍贵之物成全对方，sacrifices“牺牲”符合语境，money“钱”、mistakes“错误”和plans“计划”不符。 第二部分 非选择题（共40分） 三、语篇填空（共10小题，每小题1分；满分10分） 阅读下面的短文、在空白处填入括号内单词的正确形式。 Do you use hand gestures when you talk? Do you open your mouth and eyes wide when you are 31 (surprise)? These are all examples of body language. Body language is one of the 32 (powerful) and fascinating forms of communication. Even without saying a single word, you can 33 (express) emotions, confidence or nervousness through your posture, gestures and facial expressions. For example, 34 (cross) your arms might make you appear defensive (防御态势) or closed off, while keeping eye contact shows interest, respect, and 35 (confident). A simple nod can signal agreement. Sometimes, different body language expresses the same 36 (mean). Take “hello” for example, French people kiss cheeks (脸颊) to say hello. However, the Maori in New Zealand touch noses in greeting. What are you trying your best 37 (say)? Body language is important. Understanding this language helps you communicate better with others. In a conversation between two people, 65 percent of 38 (communicate) is body language. In some 39 (case) you even express yourself without words. For example, when you go to someone for help, you can raise your hand to catch 40 (they) attention first. Sometimes, your words say one thing, but your body language says another. In many ways, body language is like having a secret insight into an unspoken conversation. It is so important in our daily lives. 【答案】 31．surprised 32．most powerful 33．express 34．crossing 35．confidence 36．meaning 37．to say 38．communication 39．cases 40．their 【导语】本文主要介绍了肢体语言的定义、作用、不同形式及其在日常交流中的重要性，说明了肢体语言是一种无需语言也能传递情感与信息的沟通方式。 【详解】31．句意：当你惊讶时，你会张大嘴巴和眼睛吗？此处主语是you，描述人的感受，需用surprise的形容词形式surprised，表示“感到惊讶的”，作表语。 32．句意：肢体语言是最有力、最迷人的交流形式之一。“one of the + 形容词最高级 + 复数名词”是固定结构，表示“最……之一”，powerful的最高级为most powerful。 33．句意：即使不说一个字，你也可以通过姿势、手势和面部表情来表达情感、自信或紧张。情态动词can后接动词原形，express为动词原形，意为“表达”。 34．句意：例如，交叉手臂可能会让你显得有防御性或封闭，而保持眼神交流则表示兴趣、尊重和自信。cross是动词，变为动名词crossing作句子主语。 35．句意：例如，交叉手臂可能会让你显得有防御性或封闭，而保持眼神交流则表示兴趣、尊重和自信。and连接并列的名词，confident的名词形式为confidence，意为“自信”。 36．句意：有时不同的肢体语言表达相同的含义。same是形容词，后接名词，mean需变为名词形式meaning，意为“含义”。 37．句意：你正在尽最大努力说什么？try one’s best to do sth.是固定搭配，意为“尽某人最大努力做某事”，此处需用不定式to say。 38．句意：在两个人的对话中，65%的交流是肢体语言。介词of后接名词，communicate需变为名词形communication，意为“交流”。 39．句意：在某些情况下，你甚至不用语言就能表达自己。some后接可数名词复数，case的复数形式为cases，in some cases是固定短语，意为“在某些情况下”。 40．句意：例如，当你向别人求助时，你可以先举手引起他们的注意。attention是名词，前面需用形容词性物主代词修饰，they的形容词性物主代词为their，意为“他们的”。 四、阅读与表达（共4小题，41～43小题，每小题2分，44小题4分；满分10分） Travelling is one of my hobbies. As for me, it is like opening a new book with pages filled with pictures, words, and stories. I have been lucky to experience this joy through my travels. I want to share my travel experiences, which were both fun and educational (有教育意义的), in a way that is easy for everyone to understand. Planning is very important before any trip. I remember sitting with my family and deciding where to go. We looked at maps, read about places on the internet, and talked about what we wanted to see. We chose a place with mountains and beaches. Then, we made a list of things to take with us, like clothes, snacks, and a camera to keep sweet memories for us. When we reached our destination, I couldn’t believe my eyes. The mountains were tall and covered with green trees, and the sea was a beautiful blue. Every place we visited had its own story and people who lived there, and I learned a lot just by looking around and talking to them. It was exciting for me to see so many new sights. Moreover, I tasted new fruits that grew in the mountains and ate seafood that was caught in the sea that same day. Some foods were strange at first, but I found that it was fun to try new things. Travelling taught me so much. Seeing new places made me curious about the world and want to learn more. I can’t wait to go on my next trip and find out more about our amazing world. 41．In the writer’s opinion, what is travelling like? 42．Which place did the writer choose as the travelling destination? 43．How did the writer feel when seeing new sights? 44．Do you enjoy travelling? Why? 【答案】41．It is like opening a new book. 42．A place with mountains and beaches. 43．Excited. 44．Yes, I do. Because it helps me learn about the world. 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲述了作者对旅行的看法、旅行前的规划准备、旅行中的见闻感受以及旅行带来的收获与启发。 【详解】41．根据文章第一段“As for me, it is like opening a new book...”，作者认为“旅行就像翻开一本新书”。直接提取信息。 42．根据文章第二段“We chose a place with mountains and beaches.”，作者选择的旅行目的地是“一个有山有海滩的地方”。直接提取信息。 43．根据文章第三段“It was exciting for me to see so many new sights.”，作者看到新景色时感到“兴奋”。直接提取信息。 44．本题为开放性试题，答案言之有理即可。可从旅行能帮助了解世界的角度作答。 五、书面表达（满分20分） 45．近期，网络热词“爱你老己”（Love You, My Dear Self）在青少年中流行起来。它提倡把自己当作多年的老朋友——善待自己，接纳自己的不完美，在挫折中给予自己耐心与鼓励。这种自我关怀的态度，帮助我们更从容地面对成长中的挑战。 请你根据以下提示，分享成长过程中一次“爱自己”的经历，以及谈谈你在这次经历后，你收获了怎样的成长与感悟。 What is “love yourself” for you? be kind to; give yourself patience; encourage sb. to... What’s your experience about loving yourself? used to; face difficulties; fail to; decide to; feel a sense of... What do you learn from your experience? come to realize; keep healthy; stay happy; grow up... 写作要求： 1．80-120 词，开头结尾已给出，不计入总词数； 2．文中不得出现真实姓名与校名； 3．要点齐全、语句通顺、逻辑清晰。 Recently, the phrase “Love You, My Dear Self” has become popular online. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】 Recently, the phrase “Love You, My Dear Self” has become popular online. For me, it means being kind to myself and giving myself patience when things go wrong. I used to fear facing difficulties. Last term, I failed to pass an important English exam. I felt very upset. However, I decided to encourage myself to try again instead of giving up. I studied harder and finally improved. I felt a strong sense of achievement. Through this, I come to realize that loving myself helps me keep healthy and stay happy. It allows me to grow up stronger and braver. Loving yourself is truly important. 【详解】写作步骤 [第一步：审题立意] 确定文体：个人经历类记叙文 明确时态：一般现在时、一般过去时 明确要点：1. 你对“爱自己”的理解；2. 一次“爱自己”的经历；3. 你的成长与感悟 确定人称：第一人称（I） 注意事项：开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数；字数80-120词；不得出现真实姓名与校名 [第二步：构思布局] 开头段：承上开头句，提出自己对“爱自己”的理解（善待自己、给自己耐心） 主体段：讲述一次考试失利后自我鼓励、努力学习并进步的经历并总结感悟 结尾段：总结强调爱自己真的很重要 [第三步：要点展开] 要点一：爱自己的理解 具体说明：be kind to myself/give myself patience when things go wrong/encourage sb. to.../give myself love等 要点二：爱自己的经历 具体说明：used to fear facing difficulties/failed to pass/feel upset/decide to encourage myself/studied harder/finally improved等 要点三：成长与感悟 具体说明：felt a sense of achievement/trust myself/come to realize that loving myself helps me keep healthy and stay happy/allows me to grow up stronger and braver/do whatever I want等 试卷第1页，共3页 试卷第1页，共3页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $