暑假作业05 Unit4～6词汇&短语复习提升（巩固培优）八年级英语新教材外研版

**基本信息** 聚焦Unit4~6词汇短语系统复习，通过词性解析、固定搭配与易混词辨析构建知识网络，结合中考真题题型实现从基础到语境应用的语言能力提升。 **专项设计** |模块|题量/典例|方法提炼|知识逻辑| |----|-----------|----------|----------| |词汇复习|Unit4-6共19个知识点|易混词辨析（如borrow/lend、raise/rise）、固定搭配（如can’t help doing）、词形转换（如mean→meaning）|“词性-搭配-辨析”递进，构建词汇应用体系| |语法填空|10题|语境中词形变化（如imagine→imagination）|衔接词汇变形与语法规则，强化语言运用能力| |阅读完形|2篇阅读+1篇完形|通过真题（如2026天津河北一模）考查词汇语境应用|从基础记忆到语篇理解，提升思维品质与学习能力|

完成时间： 月 日 今日打卡：☐ 已完成 用时： min 自评勋章： 作业05 Unit4~6词汇&短语复习提升 Unit 4 词汇&短语复习 知识点1：excuse me 劳驾 excuse n. 借口，托词；正当理由；宽恕；v. 原谅，宽恕；辩解，开脱 知识点2：by no means 绝不 means n. 手段，方法；金钱 mean v. 意味着；表示……的意思；adj. 吝啬的，小气的；n. 平均数 单词变形：mean v. → meaning n. 意思 → meaningful adj. 有意义的 知识点3：lend a helping hand 伸出援手 辨析borrow和lend (v.) borrow：借入，指把东西借进来，常用词组：borrow sth. from sb. lend：借出，指把东西借出去，常用词组：lend sth. to sb. / lend sb. sth. 知识点4：public 【词性解释】 adj. 公众的，大众的；公共的，公用的；n. 公众，大众（the public） 【相关短语】 ① go public 公开，公之于众 ② in public 公开地（注意：in public 是一个 介词短语，结构为 in + 名词，相当于副词，类似用法还有：in private 私下地、in silence 沉默地） 知识点5：help 【词性解释】 v. 帮助，援助；改善状况；n. 帮助，协助；有助益的东西（如忠告、钱等） int. 救命（呼救用语） 【固定搭配】 ① can’t help doing 忍不住做某事 ② help out 帮帮忙 ; 帮个大忙 ③ help oneself 自取所需 ; 自用 ; 自己动手 ; 请自便 ④ with one’s help 在某人的帮助下 ⑤help sb with sth 帮助某人解决某事 知识点6：treat 【词性解释】 v. 对待，看待；治疗，医治；请客，招待；把…看作，把…视为 单词变形：→ n. treatment n. 对待，待遇；处理，讨论；治疗，医治 【固定搭配】 ① trick or treat 不给糖就捣蛋 ② treat…as… 把…视为… Unit 5 词汇&短语复习 知识点1：for hundreds of years 数百年来 for prep.（表示对象、用途等）给，对；为了，（用来表示时间或距离）达，计 for+时间段通常是现在完成时的标志词 知识点2：over time 久而久之，随着时间流逝 over prep. 在…上面；翻越；遍及；超过；adj. 结束的 知识点3：look into 调查，研究 【look相关短语扩展】 · look at 看 · look back 回顾 ; 回头看 ; 回想 · look after 照顾 ; 照料 · look like 看上去像 · look out 小心 ; 注意 ; 当心 · look for 寻找 · look up 查找 ; 向上看 ; 抬头看 知识点4：imagine 【词性解释】v. 想象，认为 → n. imagination 想象力；幻想物 【相似单词辨析】image：n. 形象，印象；影像，图像；v. 作…的像，描绘…的形象 知识点5：raise 【词性解释】v. 提起，举起；筹集；提出；引起；饲养（※一词多义） 【相似单词辨析】 rise v.（数字）增加；上升；站起；（太阳、月亮）升起 知识点6：despite 【词性解释】prep. 尽管，即使 【相似单词辨析】 · although (连词) → 必须连接一个从句 (有主语和动词) e.g. Although it rained, we enjoyed the trip. 虽然下雨，但我们旅行很愉快。 · despite (介词) → 后面只能接名词性成分 (不能接从句) e.g. Despite the rain, we enjoyed the trip. 尽管下雨，但我们旅很愉快。 Unit 6 词汇&短语复习 知识点1：live in harmony 和谐共处 in harmony 属于“in + 名词”构成副词性短语的结构，在句子中充当状语，修饰动词。 类似用法还有：in silence 寂静地；in groups 以小组为单位 知识点2：be set to do 准备好去做 set v. 设置；布置（戏剧、电影或电视节目的布景）；n. 一组（类似的东西）；一套 相关短语： set off = set out 动身 ; 出发 set up 建立 知识点3：lie in 位于 lie 用法① v. 说谎；n. 谎言，过去式和过去分词是lied → lied，现在分词是lying； 用法② v. 躺，位于，过去式和过去分词是lay → lain，现在分词是lying。 相关短语： · tell a lie 说谎 · lie in 位于（…之内），在于 · lie on 依赖，取决于 知识点4：no wonder 难怪 wonder v. 想知道，好奇；n. 奇观，奇迹 → adj. wonderful 绝妙的，令人惊叹的 知识点5：play an important role 扮演重要的角色/ 发挥着重要的作用 play v. 玩；参加（游戏、比赛等）；扮演；n. 戏剧 role n. 角色；作用，职责 知识点6：lively adj. 活泼的，生气勃勃的；热闹的 【用法扩展】lively是一个以ly结尾的形容词，注意与常见的-副词词缀ly作区分。 类似的词汇还有：friendly友好的；lovely可爱的；lonely孤独的；silly愚蠢的 知识点7：divide v. （使）分开；分隔，隔开 相关词组： divide into 分成 ; 分为 ; 把 ; 分割成（注意此短语高频考法为被动语态） 知识点8：include v. 包含 【用法扩展】including既是include 的现在分词形式，同时又单独作为介词， prep. 包括，包含，用法例句： · My hobbies include reading and swimming. 我的爱好包括阅读和游泳。（动词） · Many students passed the test, including me. 很多学生通过了考试，包括我。（介词） 一、单项选择 1．（2026·天津河北·一模）—We lost the game because my teammate didn’t pass the ball to me. —________. You can communicate with your team and work together to win. A．No problem B．No way C．You’ve got no chance D．That’s no excuse 2．—How long can I ________ your dictionary? —For a month. But you can’t ________ it to your classmates. A．borrow; lend B．lend; borrow C．keep; borrow D．keep; lend 3．（2026·江苏扬州·二模）—Lin Tao is nervous about his first trip abroad, so he asks AI __________. —Don’t worry! Just be polite and follow the local rules. A．when he should return home B．how he should behave in public C．why people travel abroad D．where he can exchange money 4．—My knee hurts badly after the game. —You should go to the hospital and ______. A．boil the medicine B．take the order C．correct mistakes D．get treated 5．（25-26八年级下·江苏扬州·期中）The game ________ for nearly twenty minutes but the viewers are still cheering together. A．has ended B．has been on C．has been over D．has begun 6．（24-25八年级上·四川广安·阶段检测）It’s natural ________ the new words. Why not ________ in the dictionary again? A．to forget; look up them B．to forget; look them up C．forgetting; look it for D．forgot; look after them 7．Every morning when the sun ________, many people watch the ________ of the national flag at Tian'anmen Square. A．raises; raise B．rises; raise C．raises; rise D．rises; raising 8．（25-26八年级下·江苏常州·期中）________ it was very cold, ________ my uncle still went swimming in the River. A．Although; / B．Although; but C．But; although D．Because; but 9．With snow-covered mountains, lakes and vast grasslands, Shangri-La is a heavenly world where people live ________ nature. A．have connection with B．in order to C．in harmony with D．on my own 10．（2024·山东滨州·二模）—Your teacher has set up a WeChat group. Could you tell me ________? —It is more convenient to communicate with our parents. A．why he set it up B．why did he set it up C．when it was set up D．how was it set up 11．Don’t ______ in bed all morning! Get up and help me ______ out yogurt and bread for your hungry kids to eat. A．lie; lay B．lay; lie C．lie; lie D．lay; lay 12．—Harry always stays up late to go over his lessons for exams. ________ he gets high marks. — ________ he is our role model in study. Let’s act from now on. A．No doubt; No wonder B．No wonder; No wonder C．No doubt; No doubt D．No wonder; No doubt 二、单句语法填空 1．He also draws a picture beside the poem to help show the ________ (mean) of the Chinese poem. 2．The movie is so interesting that I can’t help ________ (watch) it again. 3．The ________ (treat) for eye problems is free in ORBIS flying hospital. 4．He ________ (be) curious about different local food for three years. 5．They both look forward to ________ (try) new sports in the coming term. 6．The treasures are so beautiful that they come alive in my ________ (imagine). 7．（25-26八年级下·江苏无锡·期中）She ________ (lie) on the grass when it started to rain. 8．The government is taking action to protect the natural ________ (wonder) in our country. 9．—What ________ (play) during the lunch break in the cafeteria next Monday? —A song about loving the Earth. 10．The surprising discoveries are the fruit of 90 years of effort, ________ (include) my own. 一、阅读理解 A James lived with his son in a small village, but his days were numbered. He grew sicker by the day. However, his son was still young and had yet to reach his full potential (潜力). One morning, James placed an old watch in his son’s hands. “I want you to take this watch to the jeweler (钟表商) to find out its worth (价值),” James said. “But don’t sell it.” After meeting the jeweler, the son made his way back home. “So, how much is the watch worth?” James asked. With a heavy heart, the son answered, “He offered (出价) just $100 because the watch is old.”、 The next day, James asked his son to take the watch to the pawnshop (当铺). The son visited two pawnshops. However, they didn’t offer much money for the watch either. After noticing his son’s sadness, James suggested one last place to go. “Speak to the curator (馆长) of the museum, and you will know the true value of the watch.” Then the son set off for the museum. After talking with the curator, he went back home quickly. “Father, you won’t believe it! The museum wishes to buy it for $35,000,” he said with excitement. Joy danced in the father’s eyes. He slowly told his son, “Your worth, like the watch, is more than you could imagine. Just remember to find your own position (位置).” 1．Why did James ask his son to take the watch to the jeweler? A．To make it work again. B．To let him sell it. C．To check its true value. D．To give it back to its owner. 2．The watch got the highest offer from ______. A．a pawnshop B．the jeweler C．a collector D．the museum 3．How did the son feel after visiting the museum? A．Sad. B．Excited. C．Worried. D．Angry. 4．What lesson did James want to teach his son? A．Old things are always valuable. B．Pawnshops offer the best prices. C．People should find their own worth. D．Museums collect expensive watches. B In the Americas, Asia, and Africa, there’s a special kind of forest—the cloud forest. Cloud forests are usually found from 500 meters to 4,000 meters above sea level. They experience rainfall, but they also get water straight from the air. Cloud forests are very important to both people who live nearby and the animals and plants living there. They provide water to nearby villages and cities. People drink the water, use it for cooking, and irrigate (灌溉) their farm fields with it. In Kenya, people even use water from cloud forests to produce electricity. Although cloud forests only make up 2.5 percent of the world’s rainforests, they are also home to many animals and plants. Unluckily, cloud forests now face many problems. Local poor people clear the cloud forests. They cut down trees to grow food and use the wood to heat their homes and cook. Once cloud forests are cleared, the cloud cover, which is important and necessary to the growth of these forests, goes away. Another bigger worry is that the temperature increases gradually. If world temperatures rise, cloud forests will have to move up to a higher place where the temperatures are cooler. But some cloud forests on mountain tops with nowhere to climb will die out. Scientists worry that we might lose cloud forests, along with the water and other services they provide. Some governments have taken actions to protect cloud forests. They make laws against cutting down trees in the cloud forests. They provide the local people with other ways to get food and energy. They also educate the local people on how cloud forests provide fresh water and what will happen when they are cleared to make sure a happy dance between humans and nature. Cloud forests are too valuable to lose. We must save them—plus the animals and plants they support—before it’s too late. 1．The writing purpose of this passage is to _________. A．describe the problems of cloud forest B．discover the secrets of cloud forest C．tell the stories about cloud forest D．explain the importance of cloud forest 2．Why are cloud forests in danger? A．Because farmers irrigate their farm fields. B．Because governments cut down trees. C．Because there are fewer mountains to climb. D．Because the temperature gets warmer. 3．What is paragraph 4 mainly talking about? A．People are doing harm to the cloud forest. B．People are making better use of cloud forest. C．People are trying to save the cloud forest. D．People have turned the cloud forest into green land. 4．What can we infer (推断) from the passage? A．Cloud forests are from 500 meters to 4,000 meters below sea level. B．Cloud forests provide water to support people in many ways. C．Cloud forests will die out when the temperatures are cooler. D．Cloud forests can dance with people when working together. 二、完形填空 阅读下面短文，理解大意，然后从各小题的四个选项中选出一个最佳答案，使短文连贯完整。 Mr. Wang is a Chinese cook and he works in a restaurant. He hasn’t 1 much English, but he knows that it is 2 to know how to use the language in different situations. This helps him communicate 3 with people than other cooks. Last month, he went on a business trip to a foreign 4 for the first time and had a wonderful time there. On May 10th, Mr. Wang reached Australia and then he stayed there for one month. As a Chinese, he often got into 5 during his stay there. For example, he couldn’t always find the way. However, he knew how to express himself politely when asking for directions. It was very helpful for him to find the right direction. He changed the way he 6 in different situations. The expressions he used usually 7 whom he was speaking to. When he asked a stranger in the street for help, he would spend time leading into a request. Before asking for help, he first said to the 8 ,“Excuse me, I wonder if you can help me?” or “I’m sorry to trouble you, but...” When Mr. Wang needed to ask for the way to the museum, he didn’t say, “Where is the museum?” 9 , he would say, “Excuse me, could you please tell me how I can get to the museum?” 10 “Pardon me, could you please tell me where the museum is?” 1．A．requested B．collected C．learned D．created 2．A．inexpensive B．important C．impossible D．impolite 3．A．harder B．slower C．better D．higher 4．A．town B．museum C．house D．country 5．A．business B．trouble C．attention D．direction 6．A．shouted B．tried C．spoke D．played 7．A．depended on B．worked on C．called on D．turned on 8．A．clerk B．relative C．friend D．stranger 9．A．Luckily B．Recently C．Instead D．Widely 10．A．or B．but C．so D．and 三、语篇填空 A Thangka (唐卡) is 1 special kind of painting. It 2 (find) only in Tibet, China now. Thangka paintings have a long history that started from the Tang Dynasty (唐朝). It shows Tibetan people’s lives. So far, Thangka paintings 3 (catch) the public’s attention. At the same time, the Chinese government has also done a lot 4 (protect) the art. The color of Thangka paintings looks wonderful and special. It always makes people 5 (interest) in this art form. Because of the special environment of Tibet 6 the excellent skills of artists, the paints used in Thangka are different from other ones. They are made from minerals (矿物质) like gold and silver, as well as some plants. The paints were made 7 hand. However, with the development of technology, people now use much 8 (cheap) chemicals to make Thangka paints. The traditional paints took a lot of work and people always made 9 (they) in many secret ways. Later people stopped making the paints and forgot about them. So the old skills were completely lost. It’s a pity that the traditional Thangka 10 (painting) are difficult to find now. B Wang Fangding, as one of the most important and excellent Chinese scientists, has got great 1 (achieve) in nuclear (核) physics and radiochemistry (放射化学). He helped solve the problems of nuclear testing, nuclear bombs (核弹) and nuclear waste (核废料). He has played 2 important role in China’s nuclear industry. His research has had a great influence 3 China’s development in science and technology and he has also taught many new successful scientists who learn a lot from him, including 4 (he) spirit. He was born in Shenyang, Liaoning Province in December, 1928. There were no good study conditions in his time like today’s, 5 he worked hard and entered Sichuan University. Since he graduated from the university in 1952, he has worked on nuclear science. Though the working conditions were also very hard, he with his team 6 (beat) many different difficulties and succeeded in developing our country’s science and technology. With their hard work, our country’s development of nuclear science and technology has been ahead of the world level and we own 7 (good) technology in many ways in the world. Like many Chinese scientists, he just works hard on our country’s development that is great enough 8 (shock) the world. Thank those who work hard-silently and protect us bravely instead of 9 (run) for money and fame. They are real idols 10 (real) worth our care and love. 一、还原文章 The Qinghai-Tibet Plateau (青藏高原) is known as “the roof of the world”, which is the highest plateau in the world. 1 Though the weather conditions are not the same in different areas of the plateau, they have something in common. The air is usually dry and thin. 2 It helps stop the cold wind from North Asia coming into South Asia. The Qinghai-Tibet Plateau is famous for its beautiful scenery. It shows a large picture of snow mountains, green forests, wide grasslands, running goats and flying birds. Mount Qomolangma stands in the southwest of the plateau. Besides, both the Yellow River and the Yangtze River start there and run towards the east. 3 Many of them can be used as Chinese medicine. With new technology, the plateau has been developing fast these years. In 2019, a 5G base station was built on the plateau. 4 In 2023, the Fuxing high-speed train series has been running on the Qinghai-Xizang Railway’s Xining-Golmud (格尔木) section. It can travel at a speed (速度) of 160 kilometers per hour, which cuts down the travel time. A．The sunshine is strong and the temperature is low. B．There are all kinds of wild animals. C．It covers an area of about 2.5 million square kilometers. D．The 5G service has made the local people’s life much easier. E．There are many valuable plants on the plateau. 二、任务型阅读 Have you ever wondered why you might look or act a bit like your parents? You may have heard the saying “Like father, like son”. This isn’t just because we grow up around our parents and learn from them. A big part is that we carry genes (基因) from them. Our bodies have around 30,000 genes. These genes are like a set of instructions that make us who we are. We get half of our genes from our mum and half from our dad. They decide things like the color of our hair and eyes, and even how tall we’ll grow. Genes also play a role in how smart we are. Women have two sets of certain genes related to intelligence, while men have one. This means kids are more likely to get their intelligence from their moms. But remember, being smart isn’t all about genes. What we learn in school, from books, and through experiences is also very important. Sometimes, genes do not show up in our parents but can show up in us. Take eyelids for example. If both of your parents have double eyelids, but you have single eyelids, it’s because they both carry the single-eyelid genes. When they pass their genes on to you, those single-eyelid genes become active. In conclusion, genes from our parents are super important. They decide how we look and influence how smart we are. Learning about genes helps us understand why we are similar to our parents in some ways and different in others. 1．Where do we get genes? _______________________________________________________________ 2．Who is a child more likely to get his intelligence from? _______________________________________________________________ 3．Why might kids have single eyelids if both parents have double eyelids? _______________________________________________________________ 4．Please list two similarities and two differences between you and your parents. (at least 30 words) ___________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________ 1 / 8 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 完成时间： 月 日 今日打卡：☐ 已完成 用时： min 自评勋章： 作业05 Unit4~6词汇&短语复习提升 Unit 4 词汇&短语复习 知识点1：excuse me 劳驾 excuse n. 借口，托词；正当理由；宽恕；v. 原谅，宽恕；辩解，开脱 知识点2：by no means 绝不 means n. 手段，方法；金钱 mean v. 意味着；表示……的意思；adj. 吝啬的，小气的；n. 平均数 单词变形：mean v. → meaning n. 意思 → meaningful adj. 有意义的 知识点3：lend a helping hand 伸出援手 辨析borrow和lend (v.) borrow：借入，指把东西借进来，常用词组：borrow sth. from sb. lend：借出，指把东西借出去，常用词组：lend sth. to sb. / lend sb. sth. 知识点4：public 【词性解释】 adj. 公众的，大众的；公共的，公用的；n. 公众，大众（the public） 【相关短语】 ① go public 公开，公之于众 ② in public 公开地（注意：in public 是一个 介词短语，结构为 in + 名词，相当于副词，类似用法还有：in private 私下地、in silence 沉默地） 知识点5：help 【词性解释】 v. 帮助，援助；改善状况；n. 帮助，协助；有助益的东西（如忠告、钱等） int. 救命（呼救用语） 【固定搭配】 ① can’t help doing 忍不住做某事 ② help out 帮帮忙 ; 帮个大忙 ③ help oneself 自取所需 ; 自用 ; 自己动手 ; 请自便 ④ with one’s help 在某人的帮助下 ⑤help sb with sth 帮助某人解决某事 知识点6：treat 【词性解释】 v. 对待，看待；治疗，医治；请客，招待；把…看作，把…视为 单词变形：→ n. treatment n. 对待，待遇；处理，讨论；治疗，医治 【固定搭配】 ① trick or treat 不给糖就捣蛋 ② treat…as… 把…视为… Unit 5 词汇&短语复习 知识点1：for hundreds of years 数百年来 for prep.（表示对象、用途等）给，对；为了，（用来表示时间或距离）达，计 for+时间段通常是现在完成时的标志词 知识点2：over time 久而久之，随着时间流逝 over prep. 在…上面；翻越；遍及；超过；adj. 结束的 知识点3：look into 调查，研究 【look相关短语扩展】 · look at 看 · look back 回顾 ; 回头看 ; 回想 · look after 照顾 ; 照料 · look like 看上去像 · look out 小心 ; 注意 ; 当心 · look for 寻找 · look up 查找 ; 向上看 ; 抬头看 知识点4：imagine 【词性解释】v. 想象，认为 → n. imagination 想象力；幻想物 【相似单词辨析】image：n. 形象，印象；影像，图像；v. 作…的像，描绘…的形象 知识点5：raise 【词性解释】v. 提起，举起；筹集；提出；引起；饲养（※一词多义） 【相似单词辨析】 rise v.（数字）增加；上升；站起；（太阳、月亮）升起 知识点6：despite 【词性解释】prep. 尽管，即使 【相似单词辨析】 · although (连词) → 必须连接一个从句 (有主语和动词) e.g. Although it rained, we enjoyed the trip. 虽然下雨，但我们旅行很愉快。 · despite (介词) → 后面只能接名词性成分 (不能接从句) e.g. Despite the rain, we enjoyed the trip. 尽管下雨，但我们旅很愉快。 Unit 6 词汇&短语复习 知识点1：live in harmony 和谐共处 in harmony 属于“in + 名词”构成副词性短语的结构，在句子中充当状语，修饰动词。 类似用法还有：in silence 寂静地；in groups 以小组为单位 知识点2：be set to do 准备好去做 set v. 设置；布置（戏剧、电影或电视节目的布景）；n. 一组（类似的东西）；一套 相关短语： set off = set out 动身 ; 出发 set up 建立 知识点3：lie in 位于 lie 用法① v. 说谎；n. 谎言，过去式和过去分词是lied → lied，现在分词是lying； 用法② v. 躺，位于，过去式和过去分词是lay → lain，现在分词是lying。 相关短语： · tell a lie 说谎 · lie in 位于（…之内），在于 · lie on 依赖，取决于 知识点4：no wonder 难怪 wonder v. 想知道，好奇；n. 奇观，奇迹 → adj. wonderful 绝妙的，令人惊叹的 知识点5：play an important role 扮演重要的角色/ 发挥着重要的作用 play v. 玩；参加（游戏、比赛等）；扮演；n. 戏剧 role n. 角色；作用，职责 知识点6：lively adj. 活泼的，生气勃勃的；热闹的 【用法扩展】lively是一个以ly结尾的形容词，注意与常见的-副词词缀ly作区分。 类似的词汇还有：friendly友好的；lovely可爱的；lonely孤独的；silly愚蠢的 知识点7：divide v. （使）分开；分隔，隔开 相关词组： divide into 分成 ; 分为 ; 把 ; 分割成（注意此短语高频考法为被动语态） 知识点8：include v. 包含 【用法扩展】including既是include 的现在分词形式，同时又单独作为介词， prep. 包括，包含，用法例句： · My hobbies include reading and swimming. 我的爱好包括阅读和游泳。（动词） · Many students passed the test, including me. 很多学生通过了考试，包括我。（介词） 一、单项选择 1．（2026·天津河北·一模）—We lost the game because my teammate didn’t pass the ball to me. —________. You can communicate with your team and work together to win. A．No problem B．No way C．You’ve got no chance D．That’s no excuse 【答案】D 【详解】句意：——我们输了比赛，因为我的队友没有把球传给我。——那不是借口。你可以和你的团队沟通，共同努力去赢。 No problem没问题；No way没门；You’ve got no chance你没有机会；That’s no excuse那不是借口。根据后半句建议“与团队沟通、共同努力”可知，说话人认为对方不应将失败归咎于队友，因此应选That’s no excuse。 2．—How long can I ________ your dictionary? —For a month. But you can’t ________ it to your classmates. A．borrow; lend B．lend; borrow C．keep; borrow D．keep; lend 【答案】D 【详解】句意：——我可以借用你的字典多长时间？——一个月。但是你不能把它借给你的同学。 how long对时间段提问，谓语动词需用延续性动词，borrow和lend均为瞬间动词，keep为延续性动词，故第一空填keep，排除选项A和B；lend sth. to sb.意为“把某物借给某人”，borrow与from连用，根据第二空后的“to”可知，第二空用“lend”，排除选项C。 3．（2026·江苏扬州·二模）—Lin Tao is nervous about his first trip abroad, so he asks AI __________. —Don’t worry! Just be polite and follow the local rules. A．when he should return home B．how he should behave in public C．why people travel abroad D．where he can exchange money 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——林涛第一次出国旅行很紧张，所以他问AI在公共场合应该如何表现。——别担心！只要有礼貌并遵守当地规则就行。 when什么时候；how如何；why为什么；where哪里。根据答句“Just be polite and follow the local rules.”可知，回答强调出国时在公共场合的行为规范，问句应是询问“在公共场合应该如何表现”，应选B。 4．—My knee hurts badly after the game. —You should go to the hospital and ______. A．boil the medicine B．take the order C．correct mistakes D．get treated 【答案】D 【详解】句意：——比赛后我的膝盖疼得厉害。——你应该去医院接受治疗。 考查动词短语辨析。boil the medicine煮药；take the order点餐；correct mistakes纠正错误；get treated接受治疗。根据“My knee hurts badly after the game.”可知，膝盖受伤应该去医院接受治疗，get treated符合语境。故选D。 5．（25-26八年级下·江苏扬州·期中）The game ________ for nearly twenty minutes but the viewers are still cheering together. A．has ended B．has been on C．has been over D．has begun 【答案】C 【详解】句意：比赛已经结束将近二十分钟了，但观众们仍然一起欢呼。 has ended已经结束；has been on已经开始并持续；has been over已经结束并持续一段时间；has begun已经开始。根据“for nearly twenty minutes”可知，应与延续性动词连用，end为短暂性动词，不能和一段时间连用；结合句中转折连词but的逻辑：正常比赛结束后观众就会离场，本句转折说“观众仍然在一起欢呼”，只有“比赛已经结束近20分钟”符合这个转折逻辑，has been over符合语境。应填has been over。 6．（24-25八年级上·四川广安·阶段检测）It’s natural ________ the new words. Why not ________ in the dictionary again? A．to forget; look up them B．to forget; look them up C．forgetting; look it for D．forgot; look after them 【答案】B 【详解】句意：忘记生词是很自然的。为什么不再次在字典里查阅它们呢？ It’s+adj.+to do sth.是固定句型，表示“做某事是……的”，第一空应用动词不定式to forget；look up意为“查阅”。此处指代前面“new words”，是复数形式，应用“them”，且宾语为代词them时，需放在动词和副词中间，即look them up。 7．Every morning when the sun ________, many people watch the ________ of the national flag at Tian'anmen Square. A．raises; raise B．rises; raise C．raises; rise D．rises; raising 【答案】D 【详解】句意：每天早晨当太阳升起时，许多人观看天安门广场的升旗仪式。 考查动词辨析。第一个空主语是“the sun”（太阳），表示太阳自身升起，应用不及物动词rise（升起，过去式rose，过去分词risen）；第二个空在冠词the后，表示“升旗”这一事件或仪式，应用动名词raising作名词，the raising of the national flag 意为“升旗仪式”。四个选项依次为：A.raises（及物动词，举起）；raise（及物动词，举起）B.rises（不及物动词，升起）；rise（不及物动词，升起）C.raises（及物动词，举起）；rise（不及物动词，升起）D.rises（不及物动词，升起）；raising（动名词，升旗）根据句意和语法，第一空用rises，第二空用raising。故选D。 8．（25-26八年级下·江苏常州·期中）________ it was very cold, ________ my uncle still went swimming in the River. A．Although; / B．Although; but C．But; although D．Because; but 【答案】A 【详解】句意：虽然天气很冷，但是我叔叔仍然去河里游泳了。 Although虽然；Because因为；But但是。根据句意，两个句子之间表示转折的关系，用引导词Although。although虽然，引导让步状语从句；but但是，表示转折。在英语中，although和but不能同时出现在一个句子中。根据句意可知前后分句为让步关系，故从句用Although引导，主句前不再加连词。 9．With snow-covered mountains, lakes and vast grasslands, Shangri-La is a heavenly world where people live ________ nature. A．have connection with B．in order to C．in harmony with D．on my own 【答案】C 【详解】句意：香格里拉有雪山、湖泊和广阔的草原，是一个人与自然和谐相处的天堂。 考查短语辨析。have connection with与……有联系；in order to为了；in harmony with与……和谐相处；on my own独自。根据“With snow-covered mountains, lakes and vast grasslands, Shangri-La is a heavenly world where people live ... nature.”可推出是人与自然和谐相处，用“in harmony with”。故选C。 10．（2024·山东滨州·二模）—Your teacher has set up a WeChat group. Could you tell me ________? —It is more convenient to communicate with our parents. A．why he set it up B．why did he set it up C．when it was set up D．how was it set up 【答案】A 【详解】句意：——你的老师建立了一个微信群。你能告诉我他为什么要这么做吗？——这使得与父母沟通更方便。 考查宾语从句。根据“Could you tell me”可知，该句是宾语从句，应该使用陈述语气，排除选项B和选项D；结合“It is more convenient to communicate with our parents.”可知，是问为什么建微信群，故选A。 11．Don’t ______ in bed all morning! Get up and help me ______ out yogurt and bread for your hungry kids to eat. A．lie; lay B．lay; lie C．lie; lie D．lay; lay 【答案】A 【详解】句意：不要整个上午都躺在床上！起来帮我摆酸奶和面包，给你饥饿的孩子们吃。 考查动词辨析。lie躺；lay摆放。根据“in bed”可知，第一空处指躺在床上，应填lie。根据“out yogurt and bread”可知，第二空处指摆出酸奶和面包，应填lay，故选A。 12．—Harry always stays up late to go over his lessons for exams. ________ he gets high marks. — ________ he is our role model in study. Let’s act from now on. A．No doubt; No wonder B．No wonder; No wonder C．No doubt; No doubt D．No wonder; No doubt 【答案】D 【详解】句意：——Harry总是熬夜复习功课，为考试做准备。难怪他得了高分。——毫无疑问，他是我们学习的榜样。让我们从现在开始行动吧。 考查插入语。No doubt毫无疑问；No wonder难怪。第一个空，根据“Harry always stays up late to go over his lessons for exams…he gets high marks.”可知，Harry总是熬夜复习功课，所以他能得高分是“难怪”的事情，应用No wonder；根据“he is our role model in study. Let’s act from now on.”可知，此处用于表达肯定的判断，用No doubt。故选D。 二、单句语法填空 1．He also draws a picture beside the poem to help show the ________ (mean) of the Chinese poem. 【答案】meaning 【详解】句意：为帮助体现这首中国诗歌的含义，他还在诗的旁边画了一幅画。定冠词the后接名词。meaning表示“意思，含义”。 2．The movie is so interesting that I can’t help ________ (watch) it again. 【答案】watching 【详解】句意：这部电影太有趣了，我忍不住再看一遍。句中“can’t help doing sth.”意为“忍不住做某事”，动词watch的动名词形式是watching。 3．The ________ (treat) for eye problems is free in ORBIS flying hospital. 【答案】treatment 【详解】句意：奥比斯飞行医院的眼疾治疗是免费的。根据提示可知，定冠词The后应接名词形式作主语，treat的名词形式为treatment意为“治疗；疗法”，故填treatment。 4．He ________ (be) curious about different local food for three years. 【答案】has been 【详解】句意：三年来，他一直对各地的特色美食充满好奇。“for three years”是现在完成时的标志，说明动作从过去持续到现在，主语He是第三人称单数，所以用has been。 5．They both look forward to ________ (try) new sports in the coming term. 【答案】trying 【详解】句意：他们俩都期待下学期尝试新运动。“look forward to”中to为介词，后接动名词形式，try为动词，表示“尝试”，应变为动名词trying。故填trying。 6．The treasures are so beautiful that they come alive in my ________ (imagine). 【答案】imagination 【详解】句意：这些珍宝太美了，在我的想象中它们仿佛活了过来。imagine“想象”，为动词。句中“my”为形容词性物主代词，后面需要接名词，imagine的名词形式是imagination，意为“想象力；想象”。 7．（25-26八年级下·江苏无锡·期中）She ________ (lie) on the grass when it started to rain. 【答案】was lying 【详解】句意：下雨时她正躺在草地上。when引导时间状语从句，从句时态为一般过去时，主句用过去进行时，主语She为单数，结构用“was+现在分词”，lie“躺”，其现在分词为lying。 8．The government is taking action to protect the natural ________ (wonder) in our country. 【答案】wonders 【详解】句意：政府正在采取行动保护我国的自然奇观。wonder“奇观”，可数名词，此处表示泛指，应用复数名词wonders。 9．—What ________ (play) during the lunch break in the cafeteria next Monday? —A song about loving the Earth. 【答案】is going to be played/will be played 【详解】句意：——下周一午休时段食堂将会上演什么节目？——一首关于爱护地球的歌。next Monday表明句子时态为一般将来时，节目是被演出，用被动语态。 一般将来时被动结构：will be + 过去分词/be going to be + 过去分词，主语what视作单数，be动词用is，play的过去分词为played。故填is going to be played/will be played。 10．The surprising discoveries are the fruit of 90 years of effort, ________ (include) my own. 【答案】including 【详解】句意：这些惊人的发现是90年努力的成果，包括我自己的努力在内。本句已有谓语动词，所以此处用including作伴随状语，表示“包含”引出附加信息。 一、阅读理解 A James lived with his son in a small village, but his days were numbered. He grew sicker by the day. However, his son was still young and had yet to reach his full potential (潜力). One morning, James placed an old watch in his son’s hands. “I want you to take this watch to the jeweler (钟表商) to find out its worth (价值),” James said. “But don’t sell it.” After meeting the jeweler, the son made his way back home. “So, how much is the watch worth?” James asked. With a heavy heart, the son answered, “He offered (出价) just $100 because the watch is old.”、 The next day, James asked his son to take the watch to the pawnshop (当铺). The son visited two pawnshops. However, they didn’t offer much money for the watch either. After noticing his son’s sadness, James suggested one last place to go. “Speak to the curator (馆长) of the museum, and you will know the true value of the watch.” Then the son set off for the museum. After talking with the curator, he went back home quickly. “Father, you won’t believe it! The museum wishes to buy it for $35,000,” he said with excitement. Joy danced in the father’s eyes. He slowly told his son, “Your worth, like the watch, is more than you could imagine. Just remember to find your own position (位置).” 1．Why did James ask his son to take the watch to the jeweler? A．To make it work again. B．To let him sell it. C．To check its true value. D．To give it back to its owner. 2．The watch got the highest offer from ______. A．a pawnshop B．the jeweler C．a collector D．the museum 3．How did the son feel after visiting the museum? A．Sad. B．Excited. C．Worried. D．Angry. 4．What lesson did James want to teach his son? A．Old things are always valuable. B．Pawnshops offer the best prices. C．People should find their own worth. D．Museums collect expensive watches. 【答案】1．C 2．D 3．B 4．C 【导语】本文主要讲述了James通过让儿子去不同地方询问一块旧手表的价值，从而教导儿子要找到自身价值的故事。 【详解】1．细节理解题。根据文章第二段“James placed an old watch in his son’s hands. ‘I want you to take this watch to the jeweler to find out its worth,’”可知，James让儿子把手表拿给钟表商是为了查看它的真实价值。故选C。 2．细节理解题。根据文章中提到的价格：钟表商出价100美元，当铺出价不高，博物馆愿意出35000美元，可知手表在博物馆得到了最高报价。故选D。 3．细节理解题。根据文章第七段“he said with excitement”可知，儿子从博物馆回来后感到很兴奋。故选B。 4．推理判断题。根据文章最后一段James对儿子说的话“Your worth, like the watch, is more than you could imagine. Just remember to find your own position.”可知，James想教给儿子的是人们应该找到自己的价值。故选C。 B In the Americas, Asia, and Africa, there’s a special kind of forest—the cloud forest. Cloud forests are usually found from 500 meters to 4,000 meters above sea level. They experience rainfall, but they also get water straight from the air. Cloud forests are very important to both people who live nearby and the animals and plants living there. They provide water to nearby villages and cities. People drink the water, use it for cooking, and irrigate (灌溉) their farm fields with it. In Kenya, people even use water from cloud forests to produce electricity. Although cloud forests only make up 2.5 percent of the world’s rainforests, they are also home to many animals and plants. Unluckily, cloud forests now face many problems. Local poor people clear the cloud forests. They cut down trees to grow food and use the wood to heat their homes and cook. Once cloud forests are cleared, the cloud cover, which is important and necessary to the growth of these forests, goes away. Another bigger worry is that the temperature increases gradually. If world temperatures rise, cloud forests will have to move up to a higher place where the temperatures are cooler. But some cloud forests on mountain tops with nowhere to climb will die out. Scientists worry that we might lose cloud forests, along with the water and other services they provide. Some governments have taken actions to protect cloud forests. They make laws against cutting down trees in the cloud forests. They provide the local people with other ways to get food and energy. They also educate the local people on how cloud forests provide fresh water and what will happen when they are cleared to make sure a happy dance between humans and nature. Cloud forests are too valuable to lose. We must save them—plus the animals and plants they support—before it’s too late. 1．The writing purpose of this passage is to _________. A．describe the problems of cloud forest B．discover the secrets of cloud forest C．tell the stories about cloud forest D．explain the importance of cloud forest 2．Why are cloud forests in danger? A．Because farmers irrigate their farm fields. B．Because governments cut down trees. C．Because there are fewer mountains to climb. D．Because the temperature gets warmer. 3．What is paragraph 4 mainly talking about? A．People are doing harm to the cloud forest. B．People are making better use of cloud forest. C．People are trying to save the cloud forest. D．People have turned the cloud forest into green land. 4．What can we infer (推断) from the passage? A．Cloud forests are from 500 meters to 4,000 meters below sea level. B．Cloud forests provide water to support people in many ways. C．Cloud forests will die out when the temperatures are cooler. D．Cloud forests can dance with people when working together. 【答案】1．D 2．D 3．C 4．B 【导语】本文是说明文，介绍云雾林重要性、面临问题及保护举措，呼吁拯救。 【详解】1．推理判断题。文章先讲云雾林对人类和动植物的重要性，再讲面临问题和保护，核心是突出其重要性以呼吁保护。故选D。 2．细节理解题。根据文章第三段“Another bigger worry is that the temperature increases gradually. If world temperatures rise, cloud forests will have to move up to a higher place where the temperatures are cooler. But some cloud forests on mountain tops with nowhere to climb will die out.”可知，气温变暖是危险原因之一。故选D。 3．主旨大意题。根据文章第四段“Some governments have taken actions to protect cloud forests. They make laws against cutting down trees in the cloud forests. They provide the local people with other ways to get food and energy. They also educate the local people on how cloud forests provide fresh water and what will happen when they are cleared to make sure a happy dance between humans and nature.”可知，一些政府采取行动保护云雾林，制定法律、提供其他获取食物和能源的方式、教育当地人。故选C。 4．推理判断题。根据文章第二段“They provide water to nearby villages and cities. People drink the water, use it for cooking, and irrigate (灌溉) their farm fields with it. In Kenya, people even use water from cloud forests to produce electricity (电力).”可知，在饮水、烹饪、灌溉、发电等多方面提供水。故选B。 二、完形填空 阅读下面短文，理解大意，然后从各小题的四个选项中选出一个最佳答案，使短文连贯完整。 Mr. Wang is a Chinese cook and he works in a restaurant. He hasn’t 1 much English, but he knows that it is 2 to know how to use the language in different situations. This helps him communicate 3 with people than other cooks. Last month, he went on a business trip to a foreign 4 for the first time and had a wonderful time there. On May 10th, Mr. Wang reached Australia and then he stayed there for one month. As a Chinese, he often got into 5 during his stay there. For example, he couldn’t always find the way. However, he knew how to express himself politely when asking for directions. It was very helpful for him to find the right direction. He changed the way he 6 in different situations. The expressions he used usually 7 whom he was speaking to. When he asked a stranger in the street for help, he would spend time leading into a request. Before asking for help, he first said to the 8 ,“Excuse me, I wonder if you can help me?” or “I’m sorry to trouble you, but...” When Mr. Wang needed to ask for the way to the museum, he didn’t say, “Where is the museum?” 9 , he would say, “Excuse me, could you please tell me how I can get to the museum?” 10 “Pardon me, could you please tell me where the museum is?” 1．A．requested B．collected C．learned D．created 2．A．inexpensive B．important C．impossible D．impolite 3．A．harder B．slower C．better D．higher 4．A．town B．museum C．house D．country 5．A．business B．trouble C．attention D．direction 6．A．shouted B．tried C．spoke D．played 7．A．depended on B．worked on C．called on D．turned on 8．A．clerk B．relative C．friend D．stranger 9．A．Luckily B．Recently C．Instead D．Widely 10．A．or B．but C．so D．and 【答案】 1．C 2．B 3．C 4．D 5．B 6．C 7．A 8．D 9．C 10．A 【导语】本文主要讲述了中国厨师王先生虽英语水平有限，但懂得在不同场合使用恰当、礼貌的语言进行交流。他在首次赴澳大利亚出差期间，通过礼貌地问路等方式顺利克服了语言障碍，展现了得体沟通的重要性。 【详解】1．句意：他没有学过太多英语。 requested请求；collected收集；learned学习；created创造。根据常识及后文“he knows that it is...to know how to use the language”可知，他不太会英语是因为没“学”太多。故选C。 2．句意：但他知道在不同情境中会使用这门语言是很重要的。 inexpensive便宜的；important重要的；impossible不可能的；impolite不礼貌的。根据后文他成功与人沟通可知，他认为掌握语言运用“很重要”。故选B。 3．句意：这帮助他比其他厨师更好地与人交流。 harder更难；slower更慢；better更好；higher更高。根据上下文，他因懂得语言使用而沟通效果“更好”。故选C。 4．句意：上个月，他第一次去一个外国国家出差，并在那里度过了愉快的时光。 town城镇；museum博物馆；house房子；country国家。后文提到“Australia”(澳大利亚)，是一个国家，故此处应为“country”。故选D。 5．句意：作为中国人，他在那里经常遇到麻烦。 business生意；trouble麻烦；attention注意；direction方向。后文举例“he couldn’t always find the way”说明他常陷入“困境”或“麻烦”。故选B。 6．句意：他改变了自己在不同情境下的说话方式。 shouted大喊；tried尝试；spoke说话；played玩耍。根据后文“the expressions he used”可知，此处指“说话”方式的改变。故选C。 7．句意：他使用的表达通常取决于他说话的对象是谁。 depended on取决于；worked on致力于；called on呼吁；turned on打开。根据语境，表达方式随对象不同而变化，即“取决于”对方身份。故选A。 8．句意：在向街上的陌生人求助前，他会先说…… clerk职员；relative亲戚；friend朋友；stranger陌生人。前文明确提到“asked a stranger in the street”，此处呼应“stranger”。故选D。 9．句意：他没有说“博物馆在哪里?”，而是说…… Luckily幸运地；Recently最近；Instead反而，而是；Widely广泛地。根据“Where is the museum?”和“Excuse me, could you please tell me how I can get to the museum?”可知，前后句为对比关系，表示“不是……而是……”，用Instead连接。故选C。 10．句意：……或者“打扰一下，您能告诉我博物馆在哪里吗?” or或者；but但是；so所以；and和。根据“Excuse me, could you please tell me how I can get to the museum?”和“Pardon me, could you please tell me where the museum is?”可知，此处列举两种礼貌问法，是并列选择关系，用or连接。故选A。 三、语篇填空 A Thangka (唐卡) is 1 special kind of painting. It 2 (find) only in Tibet, China now. Thangka paintings have a long history that started from the Tang Dynasty (唐朝). It shows Tibetan people’s lives. So far, Thangka paintings 3 (catch) the public’s attention. At the same time, the Chinese government has also done a lot 4 (protect) the art. The color of Thangka paintings looks wonderful and special. It always makes people 5 (interest) in this art form. Because of the special environment of Tibet 6 the excellent skills of artists, the paints used in Thangka are different from other ones. They are made from minerals (矿物质) like gold and silver, as well as some plants. The paints were made 7 hand. However, with the development of technology, people now use much 8 (cheap) chemicals to make Thangka paints. The traditional paints took a lot of work and people always made 9 (they) in many secret ways. Later people stopped making the paints and forgot about them. So the old skills were completely lost. It’s a pity that the traditional Thangka 10 (painting) are difficult to find now. 【答案】 1．a 2．is found 3．have caught 4．to protect 5．interested 6．and 7．by 8．cheaper 9．them 10．paintings 【导语】本文介绍了唐卡这种藏族传统绘画的特点、颜料制作工艺及其面临的传承困境，展现了这一艺术形式的独特价值与保护现状。 【详解】1．句意：唐卡是一种特殊的绘画。分析句子结构可知，此处泛指“一种”，且“special”发音以辅音音素开头，需用不定冠词a。 2．句意：现在它只在中国西藏被发现。分析句子结构可知，主语“It”，指代唐卡，与动词“find”之间是被动关系，且根据时间状语“now”可知，需用一般现在时的被动语态。主语为第三人称单数，be动词用is，find的过去分词为found。 3．句意：到目前为止，唐卡画已经引起了公众的注意。分析句子结构可知，根据时间状语“So far”可知，句子需用现在完成时。主语“Thangka paintings”为复数，助动词用have，catch的过去分词为caught。 4．句意：同时，中国政府也做了很多来保护这门艺术。分析句子结构可知，此处需用动词不定式to protect作目的状语，表示做很多事情的目的是为了保护这门艺术。 5．句意：它总是使人们对这种艺术形式感兴趣。分析句子结构可知，此处考查“make +宾语+形容词”结构，形容词作宾语补足语。修饰人感到感兴趣的，用形容词interested，且be interested in“对……感兴趣”为固定搭配。 6．句意：因为西藏特殊的环境和艺术家们高超的技艺，唐卡中使用的颜料与其他颜料不同。分析句子结构可知，“the special environment of Tibet”与“the excellent skills of artists”为并列关系，需用并列连词and连接。 7．句意：这些颜料是手工制作的。分析句子结构可知，此处填入固定搭配by hand，意为“手工”。 8．句意：然而，随着科技的发展，人们现在使用便宜得多的化学物质来制作唐卡颜料。分析句子结构可知，空前有程度副词“much”修饰，需用形容词的比较级形式。cheap的比较级为cheaper。 9．句意：传统的颜料需要大量的工作，人们总是用许多秘密的方法来制作它们。分析句子结构可知，设空处在动词“made”之后作宾语，需用代词的宾格形式。they的宾格为them，指代前文的“The traditional paints”。 10．句意：很遗憾，现在很难找到传统的唐卡画了。分析句子结构可知，根据从句中的谓语动词“are”可知，主语需用名词复数形式。painting的复数形式为paintings。 B Wang Fangding, as one of the most important and excellent Chinese scientists, has got great 1 (achieve) in nuclear (核) physics and radiochemistry (放射化学). He helped solve the problems of nuclear testing, nuclear bombs (核弹) and nuclear waste (核废料). He has played 2 important role in China’s nuclear industry. His research has had a great influence 3 China’s development in science and technology and he has also taught many new successful scientists who learn a lot from him, including 4 (he) spirit. He was born in Shenyang, Liaoning Province in December, 1928. There were no good study conditions in his time like today’s, 5 he worked hard and entered Sichuan University. Since he graduated from the university in 1952, he has worked on nuclear science. Though the working conditions were also very hard, he with his team 6 (beat) many different difficulties and succeeded in developing our country’s science and technology. With their hard work, our country’s development of nuclear science and technology has been ahead of the world level and we own 7 (good) technology in many ways in the world. Like many Chinese scientists, he just works hard on our country’s development that is great enough 8 (shock) the world. Thank those who work hard-silently and protect us bravely instead of 9 (run) for money and fame. They are real idols 10 (real) worth our care and love. 【答案】 1． achievements 2．an 3．on 4．his 5．but 6．beat 7．the best 8．to shock 9．running 10．really 【导语】本文主要介绍了中国科学家王方定的事迹。他作为中国重要的杰出科学家之一，在核物理和放射化学领域取得了巨大成就，帮助解决了核试验、核弹及核废料等问题，在中国核工业中发挥了重要作用。 【详解】1．句意：王方定，作为中国重要的杰出科学家之一，在核物理和放射化学方面取得了巨大的成就。括号内单词为“achieve”(实现，取得，动词)。空前有形容词“great”(巨大的)，形容词后需接名词作宾语，“achieve”的名词形式是“achievement”(成就)，为可数名词。“great achievements”表示“巨大成就”，符合语境。 2．句意：他在中国核工业中发挥了重要作用。此处考查固定搭配“play an important role in...”(在……中发挥重要作用)。“important”(重要的)以元音音素//开头，不定冠词需用“an”。 3．句意：他的研究对中国科学技术的发展产生了巨大影响。此处考查固定搭配“have an influence on...”(对……有影响)，表示“对……产生影响”时，需用介词“on”。 4．句意：他还培养了许多新的成功科学家，他们从他身上学到了很多，包括他的精神。括号内单词为“he”(他，人称代词主格)。空后为名词“spirit”(精神)，需用形容词性物主代词修饰名词，“he”的形容词性物主代词是“his”(他的)。 5．句意：他那个时代没有像今天这样好的学习条件，他努力学习，进入了四川大学。前半句“没有好的学习条件”与后半句“努力学习并考入大学”之间存在转折关系，需用转折连词“but”(但是)连接。 6．句意：尽管工作条件也很艰苦，但他和他的团队克服了许多不同的困难，并成功发展了我国的科学技术。括号内单词为“beat”(打败，克服，动词)。句中“and”连接并列谓语，后半句“succeeded”(成功)为过去式，因此前半句谓语动词也需用过去式，“beat”的过去式是“beat”。 7．句意：在他们的努力下，我国核科学和技术的发展已经领先世界水平，并且我们在世界上许多方面拥有最好的技术。句中“in many ways in the world(在世界上许多方面)”表示范围，需用形容词最高级，且最高级前需加定冠词“the”。“good(好的)”的最高级为“best(最好的)”。故填“the best”。 8．句意：像许多中国科学家一样，他只是努力为国家的发展工作，这足够伟大去震惊世界。句中“is great enough”后需接动词不定式，构成固定结构“be+adj.+enough to do sth.(足够……去做某事)”，表示“足够伟大去震惊世界”。因此填“to shock”。 9．句意：感谢那些默默努力工作、勇敢保护我们，而不是为金钱和名誉而奔走的人。中“instead of(而不是)”为介词短语，后接动词时需用动名词形式。“run(奔走)”的动名词为“running”。 10．句意：他们是真正值得我们关心和爱戴的偶像。空后为形容词“worth(值得的)”，需用副词修饰形容词。“real(真实的)”为形容词，其副词形式为“really”(真正地)。 一、还原文章 The Qinghai-Tibet Plateau (青藏高原) is known as “the roof of the world”, which is the highest plateau in the world. 1 Though the weather conditions are not the same in different areas of the plateau, they have something in common. The air is usually dry and thin. 2 It helps stop the cold wind from North Asia coming into South Asia. The Qinghai-Tibet Plateau is famous for its beautiful scenery. It shows a large picture of snow mountains, green forests, wide grasslands, running goats and flying birds. Mount Qomolangma stands in the southwest of the plateau. Besides, both the Yellow River and the Yangtze River start there and run towards the east. 3 Many of them can be used as Chinese medicine. With new technology, the plateau has been developing fast these years. In 2019, a 5G base station was built on the plateau. 4 In 2023, the Fuxing high-speed train series has been running on the Qinghai-Xizang Railway’s Xining-Golmud (格尔木) section. It can travel at a speed (速度) of 160 kilometers per hour, which cuts down the travel time. A．The sunshine is strong and the temperature is low. B．There are all kinds of wild animals. C．It covers an area of about 2.5 million square kilometers. D．The 5G service has made the local people’s life much easier. E．There are many valuable plants on the plateau. 【答案】1．C 2．A 3．E 4．D 【导语】本文主要介绍了青藏高原的特点。 【详解】1．根据上文承接对青藏高原的基础概况介绍，此处需要补充青藏高原的基础地理信息，选项C“It covers an area of about 2.5 million square kilometers”符合语境，衔接自然，符合语境。 2．根据上文提到青藏高原不同区域的天气存在共性，且已经介绍了空气干燥稀薄的气候特点，此处承接继续补充青藏高原的气候特征，选项A“The sunshine is strong and the temperature is low”符合语境，衔接上文对气候特点的介绍，符合语境。 3．根据后一句“Many of them can be used as Chinese medicine”可知，此处需要引出高原的特色生物资源，后一句的代词them可指代前文提到的植物资源，选项E“There are many valuable plants on the plateau”符合语境，衔接自然，符合语境。 4．根据上文提到2019年青藏高原建成5G基站，此处承接介绍新科技给当地带来的改变，选项D“The 5G service has made the local people’s life much easier”符合语境，衔接上文青藏高原科技发展的相关内容，符合语境。 二、任务型阅读 Have you ever wondered why you might look or act a bit like your parents? You may have heard the saying “Like father, like son”. This isn’t just because we grow up around our parents and learn from them. A big part is that we carry genes (基因) from them. Our bodies have around 30,000 genes. These genes are like a set of instructions that make us who we are. We get half of our genes from our mum and half from our dad. They decide things like the color of our hair and eyes, and even how tall we’ll grow. Genes also play a role in how smart we are. Women have two sets of certain genes related to intelligence, while men have one. This means kids are more likely to get their intelligence from their moms. But remember, being smart isn’t all about genes. What we learn in school, from books, and through experiences is also very important. Sometimes, genes do not show up in our parents but can show up in us. Take eyelids for example. If both of your parents have double eyelids, but you have single eyelids, it’s because they both carry the single-eyelid genes. When they pass their genes on to you, those single-eyelid genes become active. In conclusion, genes from our parents are super important. They decide how we look and influence how smart we are. Learning about genes helps us understand why we are similar to our parents in some ways and different in others. 1．Where do we get genes? _______________________________________________________________ 2．Who is a child more likely to get his intelligence from? _______________________________________________________________ 3．Why might kids have single eyelids if both parents have double eyelids? _______________________________________________________________ 4．Please list two similarities and two differences between you and your parents. (at least 30 words) ___________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】1．From our parents. 2．His mom. 3．Because both parents carry the single-eyelid genes, and these genes become active when passed to the kid. 4．Similarities: I have the same eye color as my mom, and we both love reading. Differences: My dad is tall while I am short; he likes sports but I prefer music. 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲述了基因如何决定我们的外貌、智力等特征，以及我们与父母的相似与不同。 【详解】1．原文指出“We get half of our genes from our mum and half from our dad.”，我们从父母那里获得基因，一半来自母亲，一半来自父亲。 2．原文指出“This means kids are more likely to get their intelligence from their moms.”，孩子的智力更可能来自母亲。 3．原文指出“If both of your parents have double eyelids, but you have single eyelids, it’s because they both carry the single-eyelid genes. When they pass their genes on to you, those single-eyelid genes become active.”，父母都是双眼皮，孩子却可能是单眼皮，是因为父母双方都携带单眼皮基因，这些基因遗传给孩子后被激活了。 4．本题为开放性问题，答案不唯一，需包含至少两个与父母的相似点和两个不同点。 1 / 8 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $