暑假作业07 阅读理解（巩固培优）七年级英语新教材译林版

**基本信息** 聚焦语篇主旨、细节定位、推理判断三大核心能力，构建“三步走”策略+方法提炼+典例验证的系统性训练体系，衔接初中阅读能力进阶。 **专项设计** |模块|题量/典例|方法提炼|知识逻辑| |----|-----------|----------|----------| |语篇主旨把握|含显性/隐性主旨示例|首尾定位法、高频词归纳法、段落大意叠加法|从题干审读到核心句定位，再到选项逻辑分析，形成“定位-归纳-排除”链条| |细节信息定位|含关键词/长难句示例|关键词定位法、长难句拆解法、排除干扰项法|遵循“题干关键词→原文精准扫描→选项逐词比对”的检索逻辑| |推理判断能力|含因果/语境猜词示例|逻辑推导法、语境猜词法、言外之意法|基于原文线索，通过逻辑链条推导隐含意义，避免主观臆断|

完成时间： 月 日 今日打卡：☐ 已完成 用时： min 自评勋章： 暑假作业07 阅读理解（巩固培优）（解析版） 在七年级升八年级的英语暑假复习中，阅读理解是检验语言综合运用能力的核心板块，也是衔接初中阶段阅读能力进阶的关键环节。其考查维度丰富多元，主要聚焦语篇主旨把握、细节信息定位、推理判断能力三大方向，需结合文本类型与题型特点针对性突破。 语篇主旨把握 语篇主旨把握是阅读理解的高频考点，也是区分学生阅读层级的关键题型。这类题目主要考查学生对文章整体脉络、核心思想的提炼与概括能力。想要精准拿下主旨题，建议遵循以下“三步走”策略： 第一步：审读题干设问，锁定解题方向 仔细阅读题干，提取关键词（如 main idea, best title, mainly about等），明确题目要求概括的对象（全文/某段落）及文体类型（记叙文/说明文/议论文）。需关注题干限定词（如 The main purpose of the text is to... 或 What is Paragraph 2 mainly about?），避免混淆“全文主旨”与“段落大意”，也要区分“主要内容”与“写作目的”。 第二步：定位原文核心句，捕捉显性信息 快速浏览文本，定位承载主旨的关键信息句。需注意： 首尾段原则：说明文和议论文的主旨常出现在第一段（提出话题/观点）或最后一段（总结升华）； 主题句原则：记叙文的主旨往往隐藏在情节发展的线索中，或者文末的感悟句里；而说明文的段落主旨通常在段首或段尾的中心句； 高频词原则：若文中反复出现某个名词、动词或概念，它往往就是文章的核心话题。 第三步：分析选项逻辑，排除干扰陷阱 逐一分析选项，对比原文核心信息，重点关注以下维度： 全面性：正确选项需涵盖文章的主要信息点，避免“以偏概全”（如选项只概括了文章的一个例子或细节，而非整体）； 准确性：选项表述需与原文意思一致，警惕“偷换概念”（如将“部分学生”扩大为“所有学生”）或“过度引申”（脱离原文的主观臆断）； 干扰项特征：常见的错误选项包括“细节拼凑”（把文中的细枝末节拼凑成主旨）、“范围过大”（内容虽相关但超出了文章讨论的范畴）以及“无中生有”（文中完全未提及的观点）。 对应解题方法： 方法1：首尾定位法（显性主旨） 若原文结构清晰，存在明显的总起句或总结句（如 In a word... / To sum up... / The main idea is...），可直接锁定文章开头第一段或结尾最后一段。通常说明文和议论文的主旨句就藏在这些位置，直接提取核心观点即可匹配选项。 示例： 原文："Reading is not just about learning facts; it is a journey of the mind. In conclusion, reading enriches our lives in ways nothing else can." 题干：What is the main idea of the passage? 分析：结尾句 "In conclusion..." 明确总结了全文核心，即“阅读以独特的方式丰富我们的生活”，对应选项中包含 "enriches lives" 或 "benefits of reading" 的表述。 方法2：高频词归纳法（隐性主旨） 若原文没有明显的中心句（常见于记叙文或散文），需结合全文反复出现的关键词（名词、动词）进行归纳。这些高频词往往串联起了文章的核心话题。例如： 通过列举归纳：原文若分段介绍了三种不同的保护动物的方法（如建立保护区、立法禁止捕猎、人工繁殖），虽无总起句，但可归纳出主旨为“如何保护野生动物”； 通过情感线索归纳：若文中多次出现表达喜爱、怀念的词汇（如 love, miss, unforgettable, happy），即使没有直接说“我爱我的家乡”，也能推断主旨是关于“对家乡的热爱与回忆”。 方法3：段落大意叠加法（多段落主旨） 若题干问及全文主旨，且文章较长、段落较多，需采用“分层概括”策略，避免混淆局部与整体： 逐段概括：先快速写出每一段的关键词或大意（如：第一段提出问题 -> 第二段分析原因 -> 第三段给出建议）； 逻辑串联：将各段大意串联起来，寻找它们的共同指向。 避坑指南：警惕“以偏概全”的干扰项。如果某个选项只概括了第二段的细节（如“分析原因”），而忽略了第一段的背景和第三段的建议，那它就不是全文主旨，而是段落大意。正确的主旨选项必须能覆盖文章的各个主要部分。 细节信息定位 细节理解题是阅读理解中占比最高、最易拿分的基础题型。这类题目主要考查学生对文中具体事实、数据、原因、方式等信息的快速检索与精准比对能力。想要高效攻克细节题，建议遵循以下“三步走”策略： 第一步：圈画题干关键词，锁定搜索范围 仔细阅读题干，提取具有辨识度的实义名词、动词、数字、专有名词（如人名、地名、时间、机构名等）。这些词汇是回文定位的“路标”。需注意： 同义替换预判：题干中的关键词在原文中往往不会原词重现，而是以同义词、近义词或词性转换的形式出现； 排除干扰词：忽略题干中的虚词（如 a, an, the, of）和过于宽泛的词（如 thing, way），聚焦核心信息点。 第二步：原文精准扫描，捕捉匹配信息 带着关键词快速扫读原文，定位包含该信息的句子或段落。需注意： 顺序原则：细节题的出题顺序通常与文章行文顺序一致，若第一题定位在第二段，第二题大概率在第三段之后； 长难句拆解：若定位到的句子结构复杂（如含定语从句、状语从句），需剥离修饰成分，抓住主干（主谓宾）理解核心意思； 指代关系：注意代词（it, they, this, that）的指代对象，避免张冠李戴。 第三步：选项细致比对，识别陷阱特征 将选项与原文定位句进行“逐词比对”，重点关注以下维度的差异： 偷换概念：选项保留了原文的部分词汇，但改变了主语、宾语或动作的发出者/承受者（如原文是“老师鼓励学生”，选项变为“学生鼓励老师”）； 无中生有：选项内容看似合理，但在原文中找不到任何依据，属于主观臆造； 正话反说/反话正说：选项使用了否定词（not, never, hardly）或反义词，导致意思与原文截然相反； 范围偏差：注意数量词（all, some, most, few）和程度副词（completely, partly）的变化，警惕“以偏概全”或“扩大范围”。 对应解题方法： 方法1：关键词定位法（显性细节） 若题干包含具体的专有名词、数字、时间、地点或具有辨识度的实义动词/形容词，可直接在原文中扫描这些“路标词”，锁定答案所在的句子。需注意同义替换，即原文往往不会原词重现，而是使用近义词或短语转换。 示例： 原文："The library is open from 9:00 a.m. to 5:00 p.m. on weekdays, but it closes one hour earlier on Fridays." 题干：When does the library close on Friday? 分析：题干关键词为 "Friday" 和 "close"。原文虽未直接说 "closes at 4:00 p.m."，但通过 "closes one hour earlier"（比平时早一小时关门）这一逻辑推导，结合平时的 "5:00 p.m."，可精准定位答案为 4:00 p.m.。 方法2：长难句拆解法（隐性细节） 若定位到的句子结构复杂（如包含定语从句、状语从句、分词作状语等），需剥离修饰成分，抓住主干信息（主谓宾）来理解核心事实。很多细节题的陷阱就藏在复杂的修饰语中。例如： 通过去修饰找主干： 原文 "The boy, who was wearing a red hat and holding a blue bag, ran quickly to the school." 题干问 "What was the boy doing?" 此时应忽略中间的插入语（穿着红帽子拿着蓝包），直接抓取主干动作 "ran quickly to the school"。 通过逻辑词判断因果： 关注 because, so, due to, as a result 等逻辑连接词。若题干问原因，答案通常在这些连词之后；若问结果，则在连词之前或之后（视句式而定）。 方法3：排除干扰项法（精准比对） 将选项与原文定位句进行“逐词比对”，重点关注以下维度的差异，利用排除法剔除错误选项： 张冠李戴（主体混淆）：选项中的人名、地名或物体与原文不符。例如原文是 "Tom likes apples"，选项却是 "Jerry likes apples"。 偷换概念（动作/对象偏差）：选项保留了原文的部分词汇，但改变了动作的发出者或承受者，或者改变了动作本身。例如原文是 "decided to buy"（决定买），选项变成 "bought"（已经买了，时态/状态改变）。 无中生有（过度推断）：选项内容看似符合常识或逻辑，但在原文中找不到任何依据。细节题讲究“所见即所得”，切忌主观臆断。 绝对化表述：警惕选项中出现的 all, never, must, only 等绝对化词汇，原文通常会有 some, often, may 等留有余地的表达。 推理判断能力 推理判断题是阅读理解中的“分水岭”题型。这类题目不直接考查文中明示的信息，而是要求考生基于已知事实、语境线索或逻辑关系，推导出隐含的意义、意图或结论。想要突破这一难点，建议遵循以下“三步走”策略： 第一步：审读题干设问，识别推理类型 仔细阅读题干，提取关键词（如 suggest, conclude, learn from, probable, likely 等），明确题目要求的推理方向。需关注： 推理对象：是针对某个具体细节（如某句话的言外之意），还是针对全文的主旨或作者意图？ 推理性质：是因果推断（由果索因或由因导果）、词义推断（猜测生词含义），还是观点态度推断？ 限定范围：注意题干中的状语从句或介词短语（如 From Paragraph 2, we can infer...），避免脱离指定范围进行过度发散。 第二步：定位原文依据，寻找逻辑链条 推理绝非凭空臆想，必须“言之有据”。快速浏览文本，找到与题干相关的关键信息句。需注意： 字里行间找线索：答案往往隐藏在形容词的情感色彩、副词的语气强弱、连词的逻辑转折（but, however）或标点符号（破折号、问号）中。 常识辅助验证：结合生活常识或文化背景知识辅助理解，但必须以原文为基础，不能用个人经验替代文本逻辑。 上下文互证：利用上下文的解释性语句、同位语或举例说明来印证推测。例如，文中提到某人 "always arrives early and prepares notes"，虽未明说 "hardworking"，但行为细节足以支撑这一推断。 第三步：分析选项逻辑，剔除干扰陷阱 逐一分析选项，对比原文逻辑，重点关注以下维度： 合理性：正确选项必须是原文信息的合理延伸，而非简单的原文复述（那是细节题）或毫无关联的跳跃。 客观性：警惕“主观臆断”类干扰项。如果原文只是陈述了一个现象，而选项却给出了一个极端的、没有证据支持的结论（如把“可能”说成“一定”），即为错误选项。 干扰项特征：常见的错误选项包括“张冠李戴”（将A的特征安在B身上）、“因果倒置”（弄反了原因和结果）、“以偏概全”（用局部细节代替整体结论）以及“无中生有”（文中完全未提及的观点）。 对应解题方法： 方法1：逻辑推导法（因果/条件推断） 若原文包含明显的逻辑连接词（如 because, so, therefore, as a result, if, unless），或隐含因果关系，需根据已知事实推导结果或原因。这类题目通常要求考生填补逻辑链条中的缺失环节。例如： 通过结果推原因： 原文 "The ground is wet and there are many umbrellas on the street." 题干问 "What can we infer about the weather?" 虽未直接说下雨，但通过“地湿”和“雨伞”这两个结果，可逻辑推导出天气是 rainy。 通过行为推动机： 原文 "Tom studied late into the night every day before the exam." 题干问 "Why did Tom do this?" 可推断出他的动机是 to get good grades / to pass the exam。 方法2：语境猜词法（生词/指代推断） 若文中出现超纲词汇或模糊指代（it, they, this），无需查字典，可通过上下文线索进行合理猜测。这是推理判断能力的重要体现。例如： 通过定义/解释推断：原文 "He is a vegetarian, which means he never eats meat." 即使不认识 vegetarian，也能通过后半句的解释推断出它意为“素食者”。 通过对比/并列推断：原文 "Unlike his brother who is outgoing, John is quite introverted." 通过 Unlike（不像）和 outgoing（外向）的对比，可推断 introverted 意为“内向的”。 方法3：言外之意法（意图/观点推断） 若题干问及作者的写作意图（purpose）、文章出处（source）或人物性格（character），需跳出字面意思，综合分析文章的语气、体裁和情感色彩。 通过体裁推意图：若文章充满数据、图表和客观描述，多为说明文，意图通常是 to inform / to explain；若文章充满劝说性语言（should, must, why not），多为议论文，意图通常是 to persuade / to argue。 通过细节推性格：若文中人物总是帮助他人、从不抱怨，即使文中没出现 "kind" 这个词，也可推断其性格为 helpful / kind-hearted。 In modern neighbourhoods, technology is making life easier for residents. Many communities in Nanjing have started using smart services to help people, especially the elderly and children.    One popular service is the “Smart Help Button”. It’s a small device (设备) that can be fixed on the wall of old people’s flats. If an elderly person feels unwell or needs help, they can press the button. The community centre will receive an alarm at once, and volunteers will come to help within 5 minutes. “My son works in another city,” says Grandma Liu. “With this button, I feel safer at home.”     Another smart service is the “Community App”. Residents can use it to report problems, such as broken street lights or dirty roads. They can also order services like home cleaning or food delivery through the app. Last month, Mr. Chen reported a broken bench in the park via the app. The next day, workers came to repair it. “It’s much more convenient than making a phone call,” he says.     There’s also a “Smart Library” in some communities. Residents can borrow books by scanning a QR code (扫描二维码) with their phones. They don’t need to go to the library desk—everything is automatic (自动的). Kids love it because they can borrow picture books quickly after school.     Smart services are changing neighbourhoods. They make communities more convenient and safe. But technology doesn’t replace (取代) human kindness. Volunteers still visit the elderly, help kids with homework, and organize community activities. Technology and kindness together make a neighbourhood a better place to live. 1．What is the “Smart Help Button” used for? A．Ordering food delivery. B．Borrowing books from the library. C．Asking for help quickly. D．Reporting broken street lights. 2．How did Mr. Chen report the broken bench? A．By calling the community centre. B．Through the Community App. C．By visiting the community centre. D．By asking volunteers for help. 3．What do we know about the “Smart Library”? A．Residents need to fill in forms to borrow books. B．It’s only for kids to borrow picture books. C．Books can be borrowed by scanning a QR code. D．It’s open only on weekends. 4．What’s the main idea of the passage? A．Smart services make neighbourhoods better. B．Old people need more help from volunteers. C．The Community App is very popular. D．Technology can replace human kindness. 【答案】1．C 2．B 3．C 4．A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了南京多个社区中正在使用的三种智能服务——“智能求助按钮”、“社区App”和“智能图书馆”，说明了这些技术如何让居民生活更便捷、安全，并强调科技与人文关怀结合，才能让社区变得更美好。 1．细节理解题。根据“If an elderly person feels unwell or needs help, they can press the button. The community centre will receive an alarm at once, and volunteers will come to help within 5 minutes.”可知，该按钮用于快速求助。故选C。 2．细节理解题。根据“Last month, Mr Chen reported a broken bench in the park via the app.”可知，陈先生通过社区APP上报了问题。故选B。 3．细节理解题。根据“Residents can borrow books by scanning a QR code with their phones.”可知，居民可以用手机扫描二维码借书。故选C。 4．主旨大意题。全文介绍了三种智能服务如何便利居民生活，最后一段总结“Smart services are changing neighbourhoods. They make communities more convenient and safe.”并指出技术与善意结合让社区更宜居。因此，核心主旨是智能服务让社区变得更好。故选A。 The Happy Prince (王子) says, “Far away, I can see a small house. One of the windows is open, The mother is sitting at a table, She is a dressmaker (裁缝). She is making a dress for a rich woman now, Her little boy is ill in bed. He wants an orange but the family is poor, Little swallow (燕子), please take the jewel (宝石) from my sword (剑) and give it to the family. I can’t walk.” “My friends are waiting for me,”says the swallow. “Little swallow,”says the Prince, “please do this for me. The boy needs help.” The swallow is sorry to hear that. He says, “It’s cold here, but I will stay with you for one night and do it for you.” “Thank you, little swallow,” says the Prince. The swallow takes the jewel from the Prince’s sword and flies away. On the way, he sees the rich woman. The woman is not happy. She says, “My birthday party is coming. But I don’t get my new dress from the dressmaker!” At last, the swallow comes to the house. He flies into the room and puts the jewel on the table. Then he flies to the boy’s bed and fans (扇风) him. The boy feels better. The swallow comes back to the Prince and says, “It is very cold but I feel quite warm now,” “That’s because you do a good thing,” says the Prince. The little swallow begins to think about this, and then he goes to sleep. —Adapted from The Happy Prince 5．What can you know from Paragraph (段落) One? A．The mother is a teacher B．The family is very poor. C．The boy wants an apple. D．The family has a big house. 6．What does the Prince want to give to the family? A．A jewel. B．A dinner. C．A house. D．A dress. 7．The swallow says he will stay with the Prince for ________. A．a week B．two days C．one night D．five hours 8．The rich woman is not happy because ________. A．she has no friends B．she doesn’t have money C．she doesn’t like the party D．she doesn’t get her new dress 9．What do you think of the little swallow from the story? A．Clever. B．Funny. C．Lovely. D．Kind. 【答案】5．B 6．A 7．C 8．D 9．D 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章是一篇改编自《快乐王子》的童话故事。 5．细节理解题。根据“He wants an orange but the family is poor”可知，这个家庭很贫穷。故选B。 6．细节理解题。根据“Little swallow, please take the jewel from my sword and give it to the family”可知，王子想要给这个家庭的是宝石。故选A。 7．细节理解题。根据“It’s cold here, but I will stay with you for one night and do it for you.”可知，小燕子说他将和王子待一个晚上。故选C。 8．细节理解题。根据“The woman is not happy. She says, ‘My birthday party is coming. But I don’t get my new dress from the dressmaker!”可知，这个富有的女人不高兴是因为她没有得到她的新裙子。故选D。 9．推理判断题。根据“It is very cold but I feel quite warm now,”和 “That’s because you do a good thing,”可知，小燕子做了好事帮助了他人，觉得很温暖，所以应是善良的。故选D。 Tom’s family moved to a new flat last week. The flat is on the 10th floor of a tall building. It has a big living room with a sofa and a TV. Tom’s bedroom is next to the kitchen. He likes it because it’s quiet. From his window, he can see a park. Every morning, Tom takes the lift downstairs and walks to school. His parents drive to work. Tom says, “I love my new home, but I miss my old friends.” 10．Where is Tom’s flat? A．On the 1st floor. B．In a park. C．On the 10th floor. D．Next to a school. 11．Why does Tom like his bedroom? A．It’s big. B．It’s quiet. C．It’s new. D．It’s cheap. 12．How does Tom go to school? A．By car. B．By lift. C．On foot. D．By bus. 13．What does Tom miss? A．His old flat. B．His new friends. C．His old friends. D．His school. 14．What can we infer from the passage? A．Tom’s parents work at home. B．Tom’s flat has a small living room. C．Tom is happy with his new home. D．Tom’s school is far from his flat. 【答案】10．C 11．B 12．C 13．C 14．C 【导语】本文讲了汤姆一家搬进了新公寓，他的房间靠近厨房且很安静，他喜欢新家，但想念老朋友。 【详解】10．细节理解题。根据“The flat is on the 10th floor of a tall building.”可知，汤姆的公寓在10楼，故选C。 11．细节理解题。根据“Tom’s bedroom is next to the kitchen. He likes it because it’s quiet.”可知，汤姆喜欢他的房间是因为它很安静，故选B。 12．细节理解题。根据“Every morning, Tom takes the lift downstairs and walks to school.”可知，汤姆乘电梯下楼后步行去学校，故选C。 13．细节理解题。根据“but I miss my old friends.”可知，汤姆想念的是他的老朋友，故选C。 14．推理判断题。根据“Tom says, ‘I love my new home...’”可知，汤姆喜欢他的新家，因此他对新家感到满意，故选C。 Home, Sweet HomeI run home from school each day I don’t want to be late And when I get home, sweet home I always feel so ▲ Home is full of happiness The perfect place for me Home is always full of love It’s where I want to be Home, sweet home The perfect place for me Home, sweet home It’s where I want to be When I walk through the door I always stop and smile All my problems disappear Just for a little while 15．Which pair of words in the poem have linking sounds? A．“run home” B．“each day” C．“feel great” D．“full of” 16．According to the rhythm (押韵), which word can be put in ▲ ? A．happy B．great C．comfortable D．warm 17．What does the word “sweet” mean in the title Home, Sweet Home? A．A lot of sugar. B．Small but comfortable. C．Full of happiness and love. D．Bright and colorful. 【答案】15．D 16．B 17．C 【导语】本文是一首诗，介绍了家是什么。 【详解】15．细节理解题。“full”以/l/结尾，“of”以元音/ə/开头，发音时自然连读为/fʊləv/。故选D。 16．推理判断题。根据“day”和“late”以及诗歌的押韵规则可知，此处为great。故选B。 17．词义猜测题。根据“Home is full of happiness...Home is always full of love”可知，家是充满快乐和爱的地方，所以“sweet”是充满快乐和爱的意思。故选C。 Now it’s the holidays. Hopefully, life is slowing down. It’s the perfect time to learn the art of taking things slow. Most people are in a rush nearly all the time. This rushing has a name “hurry sickness”. People with hurry sickness often feel like there aren’t enough hours in the day to complete everything. They might get angry when they find themselves trapped in traffic or try to do too many things at once, like eating while getting dressed or watching television while working. Rushing often leads to mistakes and then it takes even more time to fix them in the long run. Hurry sickness can make people feel tired and unhappy. “There’s so much we miss when we rush,” says Amy Arthur. “Slowing down helps us see more.” Slowing down helps us enjoy things more. It can even make you a better friend because you can take your time to notice how others are feeling. Studies show slowing down helps us think clearly and find new ideas to work out problems. It’s not always easy to slow down when you have lots to do. If this happens, Arthur recommends giving yourself plenty of time for each task. Try to notice if you start rushing and ask yourself why you need to. Taking short breaks to have a rest. When life is busy, listening to calm music or finding a quiet corner and reading a book help you to take time out and recharge (再充电) your mind. 18．How does the writer introduce “hurry sickness” in the second paragraph? A．By telling stories. B．By listing numbers. C．By asking questions. D．By giving examples. 19．According to the passage, how does slowing down help us? A．It makes us see and hear things far away. B．It teaches us how to prevent busy traffic. C．It fixes mistakes when we take life faster. D．It helps us find new ways to work out problems. 20．What does Amy Arthur recommend to prevent rushing? A．Taking a break before doing the tasks. B．Asking others to do the tasks with you. C．Doing everything as quickly as possible. D．Giving yourself enough time for each task. 21．What is the purpose of the passage? A．To give tips on how to enjoy the free time better. B．To share ideas about how to complete more tasks. C．To advise people to slow down and enjoy the life. D．To question those who enjoy a slow living lifestyle. 【答案】18．D 19．D 20．D 21．C 【导语】本文主要讲述了匆忙病的危害，并建议人们要放慢脚步。 【详解】18．细节理解题。根据“They might get angry when they find themselves trapped in traffic or try to do too many things at once, like eating while getting dressed or watching television while working.”可知，当他们发现自己被困在交通中或试图同时做太多事情时，比如穿衣服时吃东西或工作时看电视，他们可能会感到愤怒，这是作者在举例介绍“匆忙病”。故选D。 19．细节理解题。根据“Studies show slowing down helps us think clearly and find new ideas to work out problems.”可知，放慢速度有助于我们找到解决问题的新方法。故选D。 20．细节理解题。根据“If this happens, Arthur recommends giving yourself plenty of time for each task.”可知，Amy Arthur建议给每件事情足够的时间，以避免匆忙。故选D。 21．主旨大意题。根据“When life is busy, listening to calm music or finding a quiet corner and reading a book help you to take time out and recharge (再充电) your mind.”及全文可知，本文主要讲述了匆忙病的危害及解决办法，旨在建议人们要放慢脚步，享受生活。故选C。 At about three o’clock Alex opened his eyes, and saw an old woman in front of him. “What are you doing in my field, young man?” she said. Alex sat up quickly. “I’m sorry. I was tired, and needed some sleep. I’m going now.” “You’re very dirty,” the old woman said. “Look at you! Where are you going?” “North,” Alex said. He stood up and began to move away. “Don’t run away. I’m only an old woman.” She looked at him carefully. “You’re dirty, and hungry, and tired...and ________. Am I right?” Alex smiled slowly. “Yes,” he said. “Well, come back to my house and have some food. And you can have some of my husband’s old clothes. He died last winter.” Alex looked at her. It was true. He was hungry and tired and dirty. And afraid...but not of this old woman. “Thank you very much,” he said. The old woman’s name was Marta. Her house was very small, but she put some wonderful hot food in front of Alex. He ate quickly, and Marta watched him. “Oh, you were hungry,” she laughed. Alex smiled, but did not stop eating. Marta found some old clothes for him, and then made some coffee. She said nothing, but watched him with a smile. Alex finished eating and drank some coffee. He began to feel better. “How did you escape (逃跑) from prison?” Marta asked suddenly. Alex’s face went white. He stared at Marta and said nothing. Marta laughed. “It’s all right,” she said. “I’m not afraid of the President’s murderer. You can stay here tonight, Alex Dinon, and have a good sleep. I don’t like the police, and I’m not going to tell them.” —— Taken from The President’s Murderer 22．Where was Alex when he woke up? A．In the prison. B．In the police station. C．In the old woman’s field. D．In the old woman’s house. 23．Which of the following words is the most suitable for the blank in Paragraph 7? A．happy B．afraid C．excited D．angry 24．Which is the correct order of the following events in the passage? ①Alex ran away from prison. ②Alex finished eating and drinking and felt better. ③Alex was tired and slept in the old woman’s field. ④Alex went to Marta’s house to get something to eat and wear. A．③④①② B．③④②① C．①③④② D．①③②④ 25．What can we infer (推断) from the passage? A．Alex killed Marta’s husband. B．Alex didn’t like the old woman. C．Marta was going to tell the police. D．Alex was afraid of being in prison. 【答案】22．C 23．B 24．C 25．D 【导语】本文节选自《总统谋杀案》，讲述了逃犯Alex在一个老妇人Marta的田里醒来，之后被Marta收留并帮助的故事，透露出Alex的处境和内心的恐惧。 【详解】22．细节理解题。根据第一段“At about three o’clock Alex opened his eyes, and saw an old woman in front of him.”以及她说“what are you doing in my field”可知，Alex醒来时是在老妇人的田地里。故选C。 23．推理判断题。根据下文“Alex looked at her. It was true. He was hungry and tired and dirty. And afraid...可知题干对应本句，结合全文Alex是在逃犯人，内心一定是害怕的，故最合适的词是afraid，故选B。 24．细节理解题。根据文章顺序可知：Alex首先从监狱逃跑（①），然后累了睡在老妇人的地里（③），接着老妇人把他带回家给食物和衣服（④），最后他吃饱喝足感觉好多了（②），故选C。 25．推理判断题。根据最后Alex的脸变白、沉默，以及前文“he was…afraid”，可推知他害怕被抓回监狱，因此他害怕进监狱这一点是可以推断的，故选D。 Dragons have long held the imagination of both Chinese and Western cultures, but they have very different looks and meanings that set them apart. In Chinese culture, the dragon, named “Long”, holds a special place. It has a special appearance, looking like a huge, long snake combined with various animal parts. For example, it has the tail of a fish, which helps it swim gracefully in water. The scales (鳞) of a fish cover its body, giving it a shiny and protective surface. Its long neck is similar to that of a snake, allowing for flexible movement. Chinese dragons are often wingless, but they have the magical ability to rocket up and fly through the sky. They stand for many positive qualities. In the past, they were the symbols (象征) of power. Emperors and kings were considered as sons of dragons, showing their noble (尊贵的) position. Also, Chinese farmers, who depended on good weather for their crops, used to offer sacrifices (祭祀品) like sheep to dragon gods. They hoped that the dragons would bring favorable weather, and thus good harvests. Moreover, dragons are believed to bring good fortune. You can often see dragon pictures on New Year decorations or at other traditional festivals like the Dragon Boat Festival. In Western culture,dragons are very different. They are giant creatures that can breathe fire and destroy life. Their large bat-like wings carry them to the sky. Their bodies are covered in lizard-like scales, and their tails often have a sharp tip. Western dragons are usually related to evil. In medieval times (中世纪), they were seen as symbols of the devil, and the devil was even called “the great dragon”. Knights (骑士) would be celebrated as the bravest heroes when they killed dragons. In a word, the dragons of Chinese and Western cultures reveal the large differences between these two worlds. While Chinese dragons are seen as symbols of strength, wisdom, and good fortune, the Western dragons are often described as wicked, fire-breathing beasts. Whether as a protector of the world or a fearsome enemy, the dragon remains a timeless and fascinating fictional creature, inviting us to explore the depths of our own culture and imagination. 26．Which of the following is NOT a feature of Chinese dragons described in the passage? A．They have lizard-like scales. B．They have a long, flexible neck. C．They can fly without wings. D．They have the tail of a fish. 27．Why did Chinese farmers offer sacrifices to dragon gods? A．To get protection from wild animals. B．To show respect to the emperor. C．To ensure good weather and harvests. D．To celebrate Chinese New Year. 28．How are dragons described in Western culture? A．As magical and protective beings. B．As wingless and gentle creatures. C．As evil and fire-breathing beasts. D．As common signs of good fortune. 29．Which of the following shows the structure of the passage? A． B． C． D． 【答案】26．A 27．C 28．C 29．B 【导语】本文主要对比了中西方文化中龙的形象和意义。中国文化里，龙地位特殊，外形独特，象征力量、智慧和好运，农民会向龙献祭求风调雨顺。西方文化中，龙是喷火巨兽，常与邪恶相关。最后总结中西方龙的差异体现了两种文化的不同。 【详解】26．细节理解题。通读第二段可知，文中提到中国龙有鱼尾、长而灵活的脖子、能无翼飞行，而蜥蜴状鳞片是西方龙的特征，中国龙是鱼的鳞片。故选A。 27．细节理解题。根据“Chinese farmers…used to offer sacrifices…They hoped that the dragons would bring favorable weather, and thus good harvests.”可知，农民献祭是为了确保好天气和好收成。故选C。 28．细节理解题。根据“In Western culture…They are giant creatures that can breathe fire and destroy life…they were seen as symbols of the devil”可知，西方龙被描述为邪恶的喷火野兽。故选C。 29．篇章结构题。通读原文可知，文章第一段总述中西方龙有不同形象和意义，第二段介绍中国文化中龙的外观特点，如像大鱼和蛇结合、鱼尾、鱼鳞片、长而灵活的脖子等；第三段阐述中国文化中龙所代表的积极品质，如帝王象征、农民祈求风调雨顺等；第四段讲述西方文化中龙的形象，如会喷火、像恶魔等。最后一段总结中国和西方文化中龙的差异，再次强调龙在两种文化中的不同象征意义。整体是“总-分-总”结构。故选B。 Does happiness matter? People have different opinions. Some think there are more important things to worry about, while others believe happiness is what everyone wants in life. To understand this, we first need to understand what happiness really means. Happiness is about our feelings, but it’s more than just a short moment of smiles or laughter. Instead, happiness is how we feel about our lives overall. Every day, we feel many different emotions. For example, feelings like fear and anger help protect us from danger, while happy feelings like joy and hope help us make friends and solve problems. Being happy doesn’t mean we should never feel sad or angry. Everyone has difficult times, and it’s normal (正常的) to have these feelings. True happiness means enjoying good times while also learning to deal with hard times. Research shows happiness plays an important role in success. Some might think happy people are less hardworking, but research shows the opposite is true. They actually perform (表现) better in their jobs, maintain better health, and build stronger relationships. In one study at Warwick University, scientists put participants (参与者) into two groups. The first group watched a happy, funny video while the second group watched a normal video. After watching, both groups did the same office task. The results showed that the first group did their tasks 11% better than the second one. Other researchers have found similar results. For example, business researchers studied companies for many years and found that companies with happier workers always did better in the market. Also, when scientists followed young people for many years, they saw that those who were happier in childhood usually were more successful when they grew up than those who were less happy. One of the reasons is that happiness can wake up the control center in children’s brains, to help weigh options more clearly, like choosing “study first, play later” instead of wasting time. In other words, happiness may lead to success, not just come from it. Of course, happiness doesn’t solve all problems. Happy people still have difficulties, and not all happy people are successful. But happiness does make life better in many ways. In the end, happiness is more than just a feeling. It helps us succeed, makes society stronger, and gives life its real meaning. 30．What is the main idea of Paragraph 2? A．Happiness is not only a moment of joy. B．What the true meaning of happiness is. C．It is natural to have different feelings. D．Happiness is about people’s feelings. 31．What does the expression “the opposite is true” in Paragraph 3 mean? A．Happiness is good for relationships. B．Hard work makes people successful. C．Happy people could do better work. D．Success leads to better health. 32．Which of the following would the writer most probably agree with? A．Happy workers did 11% more work than less happy ones. B．A happy childhood can ensure a happier life in adulthood. C．Happiness makes people overcome the bad feelings. D．Happiness can help people make better decisions. 33．What is the writer’s main purpose in writing this passage? A．To discuss different people’s ideas about happiness. B．To compare happy people with others in research. C．To tell us that success is the key to happiness. D．To show that happiness is important for success. 【答案】30．B 31．C 32．D 33．D 【导语】本文主要探讨了幸福的意义以及幸福与成功的关系。 【详解】30．段落大意题。根据“Happiness is about our feelings, but it’s more than just a short moment of smiles or laughter. Instead, happiness is how we feel about our lives overall.”和“True happiness means enjoying good times while also learning to deal with hard times.”可知，本段开头指出幸福不仅仅是短暂的欢笑，接着说明幸福是我们对生活的整体感受，最后强调真正的幸福意味着享受美好时光的同时学会应对困难时期，整段围绕“幸福的真正含义是什么”而展开。故选B。 31．词义猜测题。根据“Some might think happy people are less hardworking, but research shows the opposite is true.”可知，一些人认为快乐的人不太勤奋，但研究表明正好相反，说明“快乐的人在工作中表现更好”。故选C。 32．观点态度题。根据“happiness can wake up the control center in children’s brains, to help weigh options more clearly”可知，幸福可以唤醒大脑的控制中心，帮助人们更清楚地权衡各种选择。所以D选项“幸福可以帮助人们做出更好的决定”符合作者观点。故选D。 33．主旨大意题。通读全文可知，文章开头引出对幸福的讨论，接着解释幸福的含义，然后通过研究例子说明幸福在成功中起的作用，最后总结幸福不仅是一种感觉，还能帮助我们成功、让社会更强大并赋予生活真正的意义，所以文章主旨是在表明幸福对成功的重要性。故选D。 “The Wicked Witch of the West is dead!” says Dorothy to her friends. Everyone is very happy. “We must go back to the Wizard(男巫) of Oz and tell him,” says Dorothy. Soon, Dorothy and her friends arrive at the Emerald City. They are given glasses and led to the Wizard’s room. But no one is there. A voice says, “I am the Wizard of Oz.” “Where are you?” asks Dorothy. “I am everywhere, but you can’t see me,” says the Wizard. “Who are you and what do you want?” “Don’t you remember us? I’m Dorothy! I’m here with my friends—the Tin Woodman, the Scarecrow, and the Lion. The Wicked Witch of the West is dead and you must keep your promise. I want to go home to Kansas.” “Yes,” says the Scarecrow. “You must give me a brain.” “And you must give me a heart,” says the Tin Woodman. “And I want some courage,” says the Lion. “Is she really dead?” asks the Wizard. “Yes, she is!” the friends all say. “Come back tomorrow,” says the Wizard. “I must think about it.” “No way! I’m going to eat you!” shouts the angry Lion. Dorothy’s pet dog Toto, afraid of the Lion, jumps up and hits a big screen. It falls over and the friends see a little old man. They can’t believe their eyes. “Who are you?” asks Dorothy. “I am the Great Oz,” says the little man. “Please don’t hurt me!” “But the Wizard is a big head with no body,” says Dorothy. “No, it’s a beautiful woman,” says the Scarecrow. “You’re wrong. It’s a monster with five eyes, five arms and five legs,” says the Tin Woodman. “No,” says the Lion. “The Wizard is a big ball of fire.” “You are all wrong,” says the little man quietly. “__________ I’m from Kansas too. I like travelling in hot-air balloons. That’s why I’m here. The people here think I’m a wizard because I come from the sky,” says the little man. “I live inside this room and never go out. I can’t let anyone see me. I must make everyone think I’m a real wizard.” “The Emerald City isn’t green,” continued the little man sadly. “It just looks green, because everyone wears green glasses. I have no magic. It’s only a trick! Everything here is a trick!” —Adapted from The Wonderful Wizard of Oz 34．How many friends go to the Emerald City with Dorothy and Toto? A．2. B．3. C．4. D．5. 35．Who makes the big screen fall over? A．The Tin Woodman. B．Dorothy. C．The Scarecrow. D．Toto. 36．What can we know from the passage? A．The Wizard of Oz promised to help Dorothy and her friends before. B．The Wizard of Oz can use magic to turn into different shapes. C．Dorothy and her friends like the Wicked Witch of the West. D．Dorothy and her friends can see a green Emerald City without glasses. 37．Which sentence best fits in “_______” in the passage? A．I am a good man, but I’m not a very good wizard. B．I am the Wizard, but I’m not a real wizard. C．I’m not the Wizard of Oz, and I don’t live here. D．I’ve been here since you came, and I know the Wizard. 【答案】34．B 35．D 36．A 37．B 【导语】本文节选自《绿野仙踪》，主要介绍了多萝西和她的朋友们来到翡翠城发生的事情。 【详解】34．细节理解题。根据“I’m here with my friends—the Tin Woodman, the Scarecrow, and the Lion”可知一共是三个朋友。故选B。 35．细节理解题。根据“Dorothy’s pet dog Toto, afraid of the Lion, jumps up and hits a big screen. It falls over”可知是托托让大屏幕掉了下来。故选D。 36．细节理解题。根据“The Wicked Witch of the West is dead and you must keep your promise. I want to go home to Kansas.”可知巫师以前答应帮助多萝西和她的朋友们。故选A。 37．推理判断题。根据“...The Wizard is a big ball of fire”“You are all wrong”以及“The people here think I’m a wizard”可知小个子男人说他们关于巫师的说法都是错误的，人们认为他是巫师，但是他也来自堪萨斯州，不是真正的巫师，选项B“我是巫师，但我不是真正的巫师”符合语境。故选B。 7 / 10 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 完成时间： 月 日 今日打卡：☐ 已完成 用时： min 自评勋章： 暑假作业07 阅读理解（巩固培优）（解析版） 在七年级升八年级的英语暑假复习中，阅读理解是检验语言综合运用能力的核心板块，也是衔接初中阶段阅读能力进阶的关键环节。其考查维度丰富多元，主要聚焦语篇主旨把握、细节信息定位、推理判断能力三大方向，需结合文本类型与题型特点针对性突破。 语篇主旨把握 语篇主旨把握是阅读理解的高频考点，也是区分学生阅读层级的关键题型。这类题目主要考查学生对文章整体脉络、核心思想的提炼与概括能力。想要精准拿下主旨题，建议遵循以下“三步走”策略： 第一步：审读题干设问，锁定解题方向 仔细阅读题干，提取关键词（如 main idea, best title, mainly about等），明确题目要求概括的对象（全文/某段落）及文体类型（记叙文/说明文/议论文）。需关注题干限定词（如 The main purpose of the text is to... 或 What is Paragraph 2 mainly about?），避免混淆“全文主旨”与“段落大意”，也要区分“主要内容”与“写作目的”。 第二步：定位原文核心句，捕捉显性信息 快速浏览文本，定位承载主旨的关键信息句。需注意： 首尾段原则：说明文和议论文的主旨常出现在第一段（提出话题/观点）或最后一段（总结升华）； 主题句原则：记叙文的主旨往往隐藏在情节发展的线索中，或者文末的感悟句里；而说明文的段落主旨通常在段首或段尾的中心句； 高频词原则：若文中反复出现某个名词、动词或概念，它往往就是文章的核心话题。 第三步：分析选项逻辑，排除干扰陷阱 逐一分析选项，对比原文核心信息，重点关注以下维度： 全面性：正确选项需涵盖文章的主要信息点，避免“以偏概全”（如选项只概括了文章的一个例子或细节，而非整体）； 准确性：选项表述需与原文意思一致，警惕“偷换概念”（如将“部分学生”扩大为“所有学生”）或“过度引申”（脱离原文的主观臆断）； 干扰项特征：常见的错误选项包括“细节拼凑”（把文中的细枝末节拼凑成主旨）、“范围过大”（内容虽相关但超出了文章讨论的范畴）以及“无中生有”（文中完全未提及的观点）。 对应解题方法： 方法1：首尾定位法（显性主旨） 若原文结构清晰，存在明显的总起句或总结句（如 In a word... / To sum up... / The main idea is...），可直接锁定文章开头第一段或结尾最后一段。通常说明文和议论文的主旨句就藏在这些位置，直接提取核心观点即可匹配选项。 示例： 原文："Reading is not just about learning facts; it is a journey of the mind. In conclusion, reading enriches our lives in ways nothing else can." 题干：What is the main idea of the passage? 分析：结尾句 "In conclusion..." 明确总结了全文核心，即“阅读以独特的方式丰富我们的生活”，对应选项中包含 "enriches lives" 或 "benefits of reading" 的表述。 方法2：高频词归纳法（隐性主旨） 若原文没有明显的中心句（常见于记叙文或散文），需结合全文反复出现的关键词（名词、动词）进行归纳。这些高频词往往串联起了文章的核心话题。例如： 通过列举归纳：原文若分段介绍了三种不同的保护动物的方法（如建立保护区、立法禁止捕猎、人工繁殖），虽无总起句，但可归纳出主旨为“如何保护野生动物”； 通过情感线索归纳：若文中多次出现表达喜爱、怀念的词汇（如 love, miss, unforgettable, happy），即使没有直接说“我爱我的家乡”，也能推断主旨是关于“对家乡的热爱与回忆”。 方法3：段落大意叠加法（多段落主旨） 若题干问及全文主旨，且文章较长、段落较多，需采用“分层概括”策略，避免混淆局部与整体： 逐段概括：先快速写出每一段的关键词或大意（如：第一段提出问题 -> 第二段分析原因 -> 第三段给出建议）； 逻辑串联：将各段大意串联起来，寻找它们的共同指向。 避坑指南：警惕“以偏概全”的干扰项。如果某个选项只概括了第二段的细节（如“分析原因”），而忽略了第一段的背景和第三段的建议，那它就不是全文主旨，而是段落大意。正确的主旨选项必须能覆盖文章的各个主要部分。 细节信息定位 细节理解题是阅读理解中占比最高、最易拿分的基础题型。这类题目主要考查学生对文中具体事实、数据、原因、方式等信息的快速检索与精准比对能力。想要高效攻克细节题，建议遵循以下“三步走”策略： 第一步：圈画题干关键词，锁定搜索范围 仔细阅读题干，提取具有辨识度的实义名词、动词、数字、专有名词（如人名、地名、时间、机构名等）。这些词汇是回文定位的“路标”。需注意： 同义替换预判：题干中的关键词在原文中往往不会原词重现，而是以同义词、近义词或词性转换的形式出现； 排除干扰词：忽略题干中的虚词（如 a, an, the, of）和过于宽泛的词（如 thing, way），聚焦核心信息点。 第二步：原文精准扫描，捕捉匹配信息 带着关键词快速扫读原文，定位包含该信息的句子或段落。需注意： 顺序原则：细节题的出题顺序通常与文章行文顺序一致，若第一题定位在第二段，第二题大概率在第三段之后； 长难句拆解：若定位到的句子结构复杂（如含定语从句、状语从句），需剥离修饰成分，抓住主干（主谓宾）理解核心意思； 指代关系：注意代词（it, they, this, that）的指代对象，避免张冠李戴。 第三步：选项细致比对，识别陷阱特征 将选项与原文定位句进行“逐词比对”，重点关注以下维度的差异： 偷换概念：选项保留了原文的部分词汇，但改变了主语、宾语或动作的发出者/承受者（如原文是“老师鼓励学生”，选项变为“学生鼓励老师”）； 无中生有：选项内容看似合理，但在原文中找不到任何依据，属于主观臆造； 正话反说/反话正说：选项使用了否定词（not, never, hardly）或反义词，导致意思与原文截然相反； 范围偏差：注意数量词（all, some, most, few）和程度副词（completely, partly）的变化，警惕“以偏概全”或“扩大范围”。 对应解题方法： 方法1：关键词定位法（显性细节） 若题干包含具体的专有名词、数字、时间、地点或具有辨识度的实义动词/形容词，可直接在原文中扫描这些“路标词”，锁定答案所在的句子。需注意同义替换，即原文往往不会原词重现，而是使用近义词或短语转换。 示例： 原文："The library is open from 9:00 a.m. to 5:00 p.m. on weekdays, but it closes one hour earlier on Fridays." 题干：When does the library close on Friday? 分析：题干关键词为 "Friday" 和 "close"。原文虽未直接说 "closes at 4:00 p.m."，但通过 "closes one hour earlier"（比平时早一小时关门）这一逻辑推导，结合平时的 "5:00 p.m."，可精准定位答案为 4:00 p.m.。 方法2：长难句拆解法（隐性细节） 若定位到的句子结构复杂（如包含定语从句、状语从句、分词作状语等），需剥离修饰成分，抓住主干信息（主谓宾）来理解核心事实。很多细节题的陷阱就藏在复杂的修饰语中。例如： 通过去修饰找主干： 原文 "The boy, who was wearing a red hat and holding a blue bag, ran quickly to the school." 题干问 "What was the boy doing?" 此时应忽略中间的插入语（穿着红帽子拿着蓝包），直接抓取主干动作 "ran quickly to the school"。 通过逻辑词判断因果： 关注 because, so, due to, as a result 等逻辑连接词。若题干问原因，答案通常在这些连词之后；若问结果，则在连词之前或之后（视句式而定）。 方法3：排除干扰项法（精准比对） 将选项与原文定位句进行“逐词比对”，重点关注以下维度的差异，利用排除法剔除错误选项： 张冠李戴（主体混淆）：选项中的人名、地名或物体与原文不符。例如原文是 "Tom likes apples"，选项却是 "Jerry likes apples"。 偷换概念（动作/对象偏差）：选项保留了原文的部分词汇，但改变了动作的发出者或承受者，或者改变了动作本身。例如原文是 "decided to buy"（决定买），选项变成 "bought"（已经买了，时态/状态改变）。 无中生有（过度推断）：选项内容看似符合常识或逻辑，但在原文中找不到任何依据。细节题讲究“所见即所得”，切忌主观臆断。 绝对化表述：警惕选项中出现的 all, never, must, only 等绝对化词汇，原文通常会有 some, often, may 等留有余地的表达。 推理判断能力 推理判断题是阅读理解中的“分水岭”题型。这类题目不直接考查文中明示的信息，而是要求考生基于已知事实、语境线索或逻辑关系，推导出隐含的意义、意图或结论。想要突破这一难点，建议遵循以下“三步走”策略： 第一步：审读题干设问，识别推理类型 仔细阅读题干，提取关键词（如 suggest, conclude, learn from, probable, likely 等），明确题目要求的推理方向。需关注： 推理对象：是针对某个具体细节（如某句话的言外之意），还是针对全文的主旨或作者意图？ 推理性质：是因果推断（由果索因或由因导果）、词义推断（猜测生词含义），还是观点态度推断？ 限定范围：注意题干中的状语从句或介词短语（如 From Paragraph 2, we can infer...），避免脱离指定范围进行过度发散。 第二步：定位原文依据，寻找逻辑链条 推理绝非凭空臆想，必须“言之有据”。快速浏览文本，找到与题干相关的关键信息句。需注意： 字里行间找线索：答案往往隐藏在形容词的情感色彩、副词的语气强弱、连词的逻辑转折（but, however）或标点符号（破折号、问号）中。 常识辅助验证：结合生活常识或文化背景知识辅助理解，但必须以原文为基础，不能用个人经验替代文本逻辑。 上下文互证：利用上下文的解释性语句、同位语或举例说明来印证推测。例如，文中提到某人 "always arrives early and prepares notes"，虽未明说 "hardworking"，但行为细节足以支撑这一推断。 第三步：分析选项逻辑，剔除干扰陷阱 逐一分析选项，对比原文逻辑，重点关注以下维度： 合理性：正确选项必须是原文信息的合理延伸，而非简单的原文复述（那是细节题）或毫无关联的跳跃。 客观性：警惕“主观臆断”类干扰项。如果原文只是陈述了一个现象，而选项却给出了一个极端的、没有证据支持的结论（如把“可能”说成“一定”），即为错误选项。 干扰项特征：常见的错误选项包括“张冠李戴”（将A的特征安在B身上）、“因果倒置”（弄反了原因和结果）、“以偏概全”（用局部细节代替整体结论）以及“无中生有”（文中完全未提及的观点）。 对应解题方法： 方法1：逻辑推导法（因果/条件推断） 若原文包含明显的逻辑连接词（如 because, so, therefore, as a result, if, unless），或隐含因果关系，需根据已知事实推导结果或原因。这类题目通常要求考生填补逻辑链条中的缺失环节。例如： 通过结果推原因： 原文 "The ground is wet and there are many umbrellas on the street." 题干问 "What can we infer about the weather?" 虽未直接说下雨，但通过“地湿”和“雨伞”这两个结果，可逻辑推导出天气是 rainy。 通过行为推动机： 原文 "Tom studied late into the night every day before the exam." 题干问 "Why did Tom do this?" 可推断出他的动机是 to get good grades / to pass the exam。 方法2：语境猜词法（生词/指代推断） 若文中出现超纲词汇或模糊指代（it, they, this），无需查字典，可通过上下文线索进行合理猜测。这是推理判断能力的重要体现。例如： 通过定义/解释推断：原文 "He is a vegetarian, which means he never eats meat." 即使不认识 vegetarian，也能通过后半句的解释推断出它意为“素食者”。 通过对比/并列推断：原文 "Unlike his brother who is outgoing, John is quite introverted." 通过 Unlike（不像）和 outgoing（外向）的对比，可推断 introverted 意为“内向的”。 方法3：言外之意法（意图/观点推断） 若题干问及作者的写作意图（purpose）、文章出处（source）或人物性格（character），需跳出字面意思，综合分析文章的语气、体裁和情感色彩。 通过体裁推意图：若文章充满数据、图表和客观描述，多为说明文，意图通常是 to inform / to explain；若文章充满劝说性语言（should, must, why not），多为议论文，意图通常是 to persuade / to argue。 通过细节推性格：若文中人物总是帮助他人、从不抱怨，即使文中没出现 "kind" 这个词，也可推断其性格为 helpful / kind-hearted。 In modern neighbourhoods, technology is making life easier for residents. Many communities in Nanjing have started using smart services to help people, especially the elderly and children.    One popular service is the “Smart Help Button”. It’s a small device (设备) that can be fixed on the wall of old people’s flats. If an elderly person feels unwell or needs help, they can press the button. The community centre will receive an alarm at once, and volunteers will come to help within 5 minutes. “My son works in another city,” says Grandma Liu. “With this button, I feel safer at home.”     Another smart service is the “Community App”. Residents can use it to report problems, such as broken street lights or dirty roads. They can also order services like home cleaning or food delivery through the app. Last month, Mr. Chen reported a broken bench in the park via the app. The next day, workers came to repair it. “It’s much more convenient than making a phone call,” he says.     There’s also a “Smart Library” in some communities. Residents can borrow books by scanning a QR code (扫描二维码) with their phones. They don’t need to go to the library desk—everything is automatic (自动的). Kids love it because they can borrow picture books quickly after school.     Smart services are changing neighbourhoods. They make communities more convenient and safe. But technology doesn’t replace (取代) human kindness. Volunteers still visit the elderly, help kids with homework, and organize community activities. Technology and kindness together make a neighbourhood a better place to live. 1．What is the “Smart Help Button” used for? A．Ordering food delivery. B．Borrowing books from the library. C．Asking for help quickly. D．Reporting broken street lights. 2．How did Mr. Chen report the broken bench? A．By calling the community centre. B．Through the Community App. C．By visiting the community centre. D．By asking volunteers for help. 3．What do we know about the “Smart Library”? A．Residents need to fill in forms to borrow books. B．It’s only for kids to borrow picture books. C．Books can be borrowed by scanning a QR code. D．It’s open only on weekends. 4．What’s the main idea of the passage? A．Smart services make neighbourhoods better. B．Old people need more help from volunteers. C．The Community App is very popular. D．Technology can replace human kindness. The Happy Prince (王子) says, “Far away, I can see a small house. One of the windows is open, The mother is sitting at a table, She is a dressmaker (裁缝). She is making a dress for a rich woman now, Her little boy is ill in bed. He wants an orange but the family is poor, Little swallow (燕子), please take the jewel (宝石) from my sword (剑) and give it to the family. I can’t walk.” “My friends are waiting for me,”says the swallow. “Little swallow,”says the Prince, “please do this for me. The boy needs help.” The swallow is sorry to hear that. He says, “It’s cold here, but I will stay with you for one night and do it for you.” “Thank you, little swallow,” says the Prince. The swallow takes the jewel from the Prince’s sword and flies away. On the way, he sees the rich woman. The woman is not happy. She says, “My birthday party is coming. But I don’t get my new dress from the dressmaker!” At last, the swallow comes to the house. He flies into the room and puts the jewel on the table. Then he flies to the boy’s bed and fans (扇风) him. The boy feels better. The swallow comes back to the Prince and says, “It is very cold but I feel quite warm now,” “That’s because you do a good thing,” says the Prince. The little swallow begins to think about this, and then he goes to sleep. —Adapted from The Happy Prince 5．What can you know from Paragraph (段落) One? A．The mother is a teacher B．The family is very poor. C．The boy wants an apple. D．The family has a big house. 6．What does the Prince want to give to the family? A．A jewel. B．A dinner. C．A house. D．A dress. 7．The swallow says he will stay with the Prince for ________. A．a week B．two days C．one night D．five hours 8．The rich woman is not happy because ________. A．she has no friends B．she doesn’t have money C．she doesn’t like the party D．she doesn’t get her new dress 9．What do you think of the little swallow from the story? A．Clever. B．Funny. C．Lovely. D．Kind. Tom’s family moved to a new flat last week. The flat is on the 10th floor of a tall building. It has a big living room with a sofa and a TV. Tom’s bedroom is next to the kitchen. He likes it because it’s quiet. From his window, he can see a park. Every morning, Tom takes the lift downstairs and walks to school. His parents drive to work. Tom says, “I love my new home, but I miss my old friends.” 10．Where is Tom’s flat? A．On the 1st floor. B．In a park. C．On the 10th floor. D．Next to a school. 11．Why does Tom like his bedroom? A．It’s big. B．It’s quiet. C．It’s new. D．It’s cheap. 12．How does Tom go to school? A．By car. B．By lift. C．On foot. D．By bus. 13．What does Tom miss? A．His old flat. B．His new friends. C．His old friends. D．His school. 14．What can we infer from the passage? A．Tom’s parents work at home. B．Tom’s flat has a small living room. C．Tom is happy with his new home. D．Tom’s school is far from his flat. Home, Sweet HomeI run home from school each day I don’t want to be late And when I get home, sweet home I always feel so ▲ Home is full of happiness The perfect place for me Home is always full of love It’s where I want to be Home, sweet home The perfect place for me Home, sweet home It’s where I want to be When I walk through the door I always stop and smile All my problems disappear Just for a little while 15．Which pair of words in the poem have linking sounds? A．“run home” B．“each day” C．“feel great” D．“full of” 16．According to the rhythm (押韵), which word can be put in ▲ ? A．happy B．great C．comfortable D．warm 17．What does the word “sweet” mean in the title Home, Sweet Home? A．A lot of sugar. B．Small but comfortable. C．Full of happiness and love. D．Bright and colorful. Now it’s the holidays. Hopefully, life is slowing down. It’s the perfect time to learn the art of taking things slow. Most people are in a rush nearly all the time. This rushing has a name “hurry sickness”. People with hurry sickness often feel like there aren’t enough hours in the day to complete everything. They might get angry when they find themselves trapped in traffic or try to do too many things at once, like eating while getting dressed or watching television while working. Rushing often leads to mistakes and then it takes even more time to fix them in the long run. Hurry sickness can make people feel tired and unhappy. “There’s so much we miss when we rush,” says Amy Arthur. “Slowing down helps us see more.” Slowing down helps us enjoy things more. It can even make you a better friend because you can take your time to notice how others are feeling. Studies show slowing down helps us think clearly and find new ideas to work out problems. It’s not always easy to slow down when you have lots to do. If this happens, Arthur recommends giving yourself plenty of time for each task. Try to notice if you start rushing and ask yourself why you need to. Taking short breaks to have a rest. When life is busy, listening to calm music or finding a quiet corner and reading a book help you to take time out and recharge (再充电) your mind. 18．How does the writer introduce “hurry sickness” in the second paragraph? A．By telling stories. B．By listing numbers. C．By asking questions. D．By giving examples. 19．According to the passage, how does slowing down help us? A．It makes us see and hear things far away. B．It teaches us how to prevent busy traffic. C．It fixes mistakes when we take life faster. D．It helps us find new ways to work out problems. 20．What does Amy Arthur recommend to prevent rushing? A．Taking a break before doing the tasks. B．Asking others to do the tasks with you. C．Doing everything as quickly as possible. D．Giving yourself enough time for each task. 21．What is the purpose of the passage? A．To give tips on how to enjoy the free time better. B．To share ideas about how to complete more tasks. C．To advise people to slow down and enjoy the life. D．To question those who enjoy a slow living lifestyle. At about three o’clock Alex opened his eyes, and saw an old woman in front of him. “What are you doing in my field, young man?” she said. Alex sat up quickly. “I’m sorry. I was tired, and needed some sleep. I’m going now.” “You’re very dirty,” the old woman said. “Look at you! Where are you going?” “North,” Alex said. He stood up and began to move away. “Don’t run away. I’m only an old woman.” She looked at him carefully. “You’re dirty, and hungry, and tired...and ________. Am I right?” Alex smiled slowly. “Yes,” he said. “Well, come back to my house and have some food. And you can have some of my husband’s old clothes. He died last winter.” Alex looked at her. It was true. He was hungry and tired and dirty. And afraid...but not of this old woman. “Thank you very much,” he said. The old woman’s name was Marta. Her house was very small, but she put some wonderful hot food in front of Alex. He ate quickly, and Marta watched him. “Oh, you were hungry,” she laughed. Alex smiled, but did not stop eating. Marta found some old clothes for him, and then made some coffee. She said nothing, but watched him with a smile. Alex finished eating and drank some coffee. He began to feel better. “How did you escape (逃跑) from prison?” Marta asked suddenly. Alex’s face went white. He stared at Marta and said nothing. Marta laughed. “It’s all right,” she said. “I’m not afraid of the President’s murderer. You can stay here tonight, Alex Dinon, and have a good sleep. I don’t like the police, and I’m not going to tell them.” —— Taken from The President’s Murderer 22．Where was Alex when he woke up? A．In the prison. B．In the police station. C．In the old woman’s field. D．In the old woman’s house. 23．Which of the following words is the most suitable for the blank in Paragraph 7? A．happy B．afraid C．excited D．angry 24．Which is the correct order of the following events in the passage? ①Alex ran away from prison. ②Alex finished eating and drinking and felt better. ③Alex was tired and slept in the old woman’s field. ④Alex went to Marta’s house to get something to eat and wear. A．③④①② B．③④②① C．①③④② D．①③②④ 25．What can we infer (推断) from the passage? A．Alex killed Marta’s husband. B．Alex didn’t like the old woman. C．Marta was going to tell the police. D．Alex was afraid of being in prison. Dragons have long held the imagination of both Chinese and Western cultures, but they have very different looks and meanings that set them apart. In Chinese culture, the dragon, named “Long”, holds a special place. It has a special appearance, looking like a huge, long snake combined with various animal parts. For example, it has the tail of a fish, which helps it swim gracefully in water. The scales (鳞) of a fish cover its body, giving it a shiny and protective surface. Its long neck is similar to that of a snake, allowing for flexible movement. Chinese dragons are often wingless, but they have the magical ability to rocket up and fly through the sky. They stand for many positive qualities. In the past, they were the symbols (象征) of power. Emperors and kings were considered as sons of dragons, showing their noble (尊贵的) position. Also, Chinese farmers, who depended on good weather for their crops, used to offer sacrifices (祭祀品) like sheep to dragon gods. They hoped that the dragons would bring favorable weather, and thus good harvests. Moreover, dragons are believed to bring good fortune. You can often see dragon pictures on New Year decorations or at other traditional festivals like the Dragon Boat Festival. In Western culture,dragons are very different. They are giant creatures that can breathe fire and destroy life. Their large bat-like wings carry them to the sky. Their bodies are covered in lizard-like scales, and their tails often have a sharp tip. Western dragons are usually related to evil. In medieval times (中世纪), they were seen as symbols of the devil, and the devil was even called “the great dragon”. Knights (骑士) would be celebrated as the bravest heroes when they killed dragons. In a word, the dragons of Chinese and Western cultures reveal the large differences between these two worlds. While Chinese dragons are seen as symbols of strength, wisdom, and good fortune, the Western dragons are often described as wicked, fire-breathing beasts. Whether as a protector of the world or a fearsome enemy, the dragon remains a timeless and fascinating fictional creature, inviting us to explore the depths of our own culture and imagination. 26．Which of the following is NOT a feature of Chinese dragons described in the passage? A．They have lizard-like scales. B．They have a long, flexible neck. C．They can fly without wings. D．They have the tail of a fish. 27．Why did Chinese farmers offer sacrifices to dragon gods? A．To get protection from wild animals. B．To show respect to the emperor. C．To ensure good weather and harvests. D．To celebrate Chinese New Year. 28．How are dragons described in Western culture? A．As magical and protective beings. B．As wingless and gentle creatures. C．As evil and fire-breathing beasts. D．As common signs of good fortune. 29．Which of the following shows the structure of the passage? A． B． C． D． Does happiness matter? People have different opinions. Some think there are more important things to worry about, while others believe happiness is what everyone wants in life. To understand this, we first need to understand what happiness really means. Happiness is about our feelings, but it’s more than just a short moment of smiles or laughter. Instead, happiness is how we feel about our lives overall. Every day, we feel many different emotions. For example, feelings like fear and anger help protect us from danger, while happy feelings like joy and hope help us make friends and solve problems. Being happy doesn’t mean we should never feel sad or angry. Everyone has difficult times, and it’s normal (正常的) to have these feelings. True happiness means enjoying good times while also learning to deal with hard times. Research shows happiness plays an important role in success. Some might think happy people are less hardworking, but research shows the opposite is true. They actually perform (表现) better in their jobs, maintain better health, and build stronger relationships. In one study at Warwick University, scientists put participants (参与者) into two groups. The first group watched a happy, funny video while the second group watched a normal video. After watching, both groups did the same office task. The results showed that the first group did their tasks 11% better than the second one. Other researchers have found similar results. For example, business researchers studied companies for many years and found that companies with happier workers always did better in the market. Also, when scientists followed young people for many years, they saw that those who were happier in childhood usually were more successful when they grew up than those who were less happy. One of the reasons is that happiness can wake up the control center in children’s brains, to help weigh options more clearly, like choosing “study first, play later” instead of wasting time. In other words, happiness may lead to success, not just come from it. Of course, happiness doesn’t solve all problems. Happy people still have difficulties, and not all happy people are successful. But happiness does make life better in many ways. In the end, happiness is more than just a feeling. It helps us succeed, makes society stronger, and gives life its real meaning. 30．What is the main idea of Paragraph 2? A．Happiness is not only a moment of joy. B．What the true meaning of happiness is. C．It is natural to have different feelings. D．Happiness is about people’s feelings. 31．What does the expression “the opposite is true” in Paragraph 3 mean? A．Happiness is good for relationships. B．Hard work makes people successful. C．Happy people could do better work. D．Success leads to better health. 32．Which of the following would the writer most probably agree with? A．Happy workers did 11% more work than less happy ones. B．A happy childhood can ensure a happier life in adulthood. C．Happiness makes people overcome the bad feelings. D．Happiness can help people make better decisions. 33．What is the writer’s main purpose in writing this passage? A．To discuss different people’s ideas about happiness. B．To compare happy people with others in research. C．To tell us that success is the key to happiness. D．To show that happiness is important for success. “The Wicked Witch of the West is dead!” says Dorothy to her friends. Everyone is very happy. “We must go back to the Wizard(男巫) of Oz and tell him,” says Dorothy. Soon, Dorothy and her friends arrive at the Emerald City. They are given glasses and led to the Wizard’s room. But no one is there. A voice says, “I am the Wizard of Oz.” “Where are you?” asks Dorothy. “I am everywhere, but you can’t see me,” says the Wizard. “Who are you and what do you want?” “Don’t you remember us? I’m Dorothy! I’m here with my friends—the Tin Woodman, the Scarecrow, and the Lion. The Wicked Witch of the West is dead and you must keep your promise. I want to go home to Kansas.” “Yes,” says the Scarecrow. “You must give me a brain.” “And you must give me a heart,” says the Tin Woodman. “And I want some courage,” says the Lion. “Is she really dead?” asks the Wizard. “Yes, she is!” the friends all say. “Come back tomorrow,” says the Wizard. “I must think about it.” “No way! I’m going to eat you!” shouts the angry Lion. Dorothy’s pet dog Toto, afraid of the Lion, jumps up and hits a big screen. It falls over and the friends see a little old man. They can’t believe their eyes. “Who are you?” asks Dorothy. “I am the Great Oz,” says the little man. “Please don’t hurt me!” “But the Wizard is a big head with no body,” says Dorothy. “No, it’s a beautiful woman,” says the Scarecrow. “You’re wrong. It’s a monster with five eyes, five arms and five legs,” says the Tin Woodman. “No,” says the Lion. “The Wizard is a big ball of fire.” “You are all wrong,” says the little man quietly. “__________ I’m from Kansas too. I like travelling in hot-air balloons. That’s why I’m here. The people here think I’m a wizard because I come from the sky,” says the little man. “I live inside this room and never go out. I can’t let anyone see me. I must make everyone think I’m a real wizard.” “The Emerald City isn’t green,” continued the little man sadly. “It just looks green, because everyone wears green glasses. I have no magic. It’s only a trick! Everything here is a trick!” —Adapted from The Wonderful Wizard of Oz 34．How many friends go to the Emerald City with Dorothy and Toto? A．2. B．3. C．4. D．5. 35．Who makes the big screen fall over? A．The Tin Woodman. B．Dorothy. C．The Scarecrow. D．Toto. 36．What can we know from the passage? A．The Wizard of Oz promised to help Dorothy and her friends before. B．The Wizard of Oz can use magic to turn into different shapes. C．Dorothy and her friends like the Wicked Witch of the West. D．Dorothy and her friends can see a green Emerald City without glasses. 37．Which sentence best fits in “_______” in the passage? A．I am a good man, but I’m not a very good wizard. B．I am the Wizard, but I’m not a real wizard. C．I’m not the Wizard of Oz, and I don’t live here. D．I’ve been here since you came, and I know the Wizard. 7 / 10 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $