内容正文:
专题06 三大句型结构+There be句型
内容导航
01 复习目标→ 明考向、知权重、晓关联、以目标导学,以考向定标
02 知识重构 → 系统讲解核心知识,重构整合形成体系
脉络重构:快速扫描高频考点,定位薄区
典例破题:精选例题,呈现思路点拨+规范解答+方法提炼
巩固提升:趁热打铁练一练,强化巩固所学
03综合通关 → 综合演练,梯度设题;查漏补缺,闭环收官
知识点
常考考点
命题风向
主谓结构
(SV)
1. 由“主语 + 不及物动词”构成;
2. 动词本身能表达完整意思,不接宾语。
1. 考查区分及物动词与不及物动词;
2. 考查动词单三形式与主语的一致。
主谓宾结构
(SVO)
1. 由“主语 + 及物动词 + 宾语”构成;
2. 动词必须接动作的承受者(宾语)。
1. 考查宾语的位置(放在动词后);
2. 考查及物动词后接名词/代词作宾语。
主系表结构
(SVP)
1. 由“主语 + 系动词 + 表语”构成;
2. 系动词包括be动词、感官动词、变化类动词。
1. 考查系动词后接形容词作表语(不加副词);
2. 考查be动词(am/is/are/was/were)的正确选用。
There be 句型
1. 表示“某处存在某物”;
2. be动词就近原则。
1. 考查be动词与最近主语的一致(就近原则);
2. 考查与have/has的区别(“存在”与“拥有”)。
考情解码: 句型结构是英语造句的“骨架”。小升初及七年级阶段,要求能准确区分四种基本句型,并能根据句意选择正确的动词和结构。常考题型有单项选择、句型转换和连词成句。命题趋势偏向在语境中判断句子成分是否完整。
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【课标要求】1.主谓结构: 理解不及物动词的含义,能识别“主语+不及物动词”构成的简单句。
2.主谓宾结构: 理解及物动词需要带宾语,能正确将宾语放在动词之后。
3.主系表结构: 掌握常见的系动词(be, look, feel, become等),能正确使用形容词作表语。
4.There be句型: 掌握其基本结构和“就近原则”,能与have/has进行明确区分。
知识点一 主谓结构
◆主谓结构(SV)
1. 定义
主谓结构由主语(Subject)和不及物动词(Intransitive Verb)构成。这类动词本身就能表达完整的意思,不需要接宾语,动作停留在主语本身。
The sun rises.(太阳升起。)—— “升起”这个动作不需要接“什么”,意思已完整。
Birds fly.(鸟儿飞翔。)
He runs fast.(他跑得很快。)—— “fast”是状语,不是宾语。
2. 结构(以run为例)
句式
结构
例句
肯定句
主语 + 不及物动词 (+ 状语)
He runs fast.
否定句
主语 + do/does/did + not + 动词原形 (+ 状语)
He doesn't run fast.
一般疑问句
Do/Does/Did + 主语 + 动词原形 (+ 状语)?
Does he run fast?
3. 常见不及物动词
动词
例句
汉语翻译
come
She comes every day.
她每天来。
go
They go home.(home是副词)
他们回家。
sleep
I sleep well.
我睡得很好。
happen
A funny thing happened.
一件有趣的事发生了。
arrive
The bus arrives late.
公交车来晚了。
【记忆口诀】“不及物,意自全,主谓结构就出现;若要接物加介词,不加宾语也成句!”
【典例破题】(2025·武汉·七上模拟)The baby _______ well every night.
A. sleep B. sleeps C. is sleeping D. slept
【答案】B
【思路点拨】本题主要考查主谓结构及一般现在时。时间状语“every night”表示习惯性动作,用一般现在时;主语“The baby”为第三人称单数,动词sleep用sleeps。“睡觉”这个动词不需要接宾语,是典型的不及物动词。故选B。
【方法提炼】 判断主谓结构,先看动词意思是否完整。如果动词后不用加“谁”或“什么”就能说通,就是不及物动词。
【易错警示】
易错点 1:不及物动词后面误加宾语。
错误:She arrived the station.(✘)
正确:She arrived at the station.(✔)(arrive是不及物,需加介词再接地点,或说arrived late。纯主谓结构不接宾语。)
易错点 2:将及物动词当成不及物动词,漏掉宾语。
错误:He likes.(✘ 意思不完整:“喜欢什么?”)
正确:He likes apples.(✔ 这是主谓宾结构。)
【巩固提升1】
1.(25-26八年级上·江苏淮安·期末)The basic sentence structure of “The temperature drops.” is ________.
A.S+V B.S+V+O C.S+V+P D.S+V+O+C
2.(25-26八年级上·江苏南京·周测)Which of the following has the same sentence structure as “The rain stopped suddenly.”?
A.The children played games. B.Her voice sounds sweet.
C.Birds fly high in the sky. D.We finished our homework.
3.(24-25七年级下·全国·课后作业)I ________ forget that person.
A.will never B.never will
C.am never D.never do
【巩固提升2】
1.(26-27七年级上·全国·课后作业)as, study, a, we, together, team (连词成句)
____________________________________________________.
2.(24-25七年级下·重庆彭水·期中)counts, every, water, of, drop (连词成句)
_____________________________
3.(24-25八年级上·四川达州·阶段检测)The story ________ (发生) on May 25th, 2024.
【巩固提升3】
1.(25-26八年级下·全国·单元测试)鸟儿飞。(S+V)
_____________________________________
2.(22-23八年级上·全国·单元测试)这个想法奏效了。(汉译英)
__________________________________________________
3.(25-26八年级下·全国·课后作业)网络飞速发展。(主谓)
________________________________
知识点二 主谓宾结构
◆主谓宾结构(SVO)
1. 定义
主谓宾结构由主语(Subject)+ 及物动词(Transitive Verb)+ 宾语(Object)构成。这类动词必须带上动作的承受者(宾语),意思才完整。
I like apples.(我喜欢苹果。)——“喜欢”必须有个对象,否则话没说完。
She reads a book.(她读一本书。)
We play football.(我们踢足球。)
注意:如宾语为代词,代词必须为宾格。
We all like her. 我们都喜欢她。
2. 结构(以eat为例)
句式
结构
例句
肯定句
主语 + 及物动词 + 宾语
I eat an apple.
否定句
主语 + do/does + not + 动词原形 + 宾语
I don't eat an apple.
一般疑问句
Do/Does + 主语 + 动词原形 + 宾语?
Do you eat an apple?
3. 升级句式(初中必学)
升级一:双宾语结构(“给”谁“什么”)
有些及物动词(如 give, buy, show, pass, bring 等)后面可以接两个宾语:
间接宾语(人):动作的接收者。
直接宾语(物):动作的具体对象。
七年级必背的两种位置公式(以 give 为例):
结构公式
例句
汉语翻译
give + 人(间宾) + 物(直宾)
My mother gives me a gift.
我妈给我一份礼物。
give + 物(直宾) + to + 人(间宾)
My mother gives a gift to me.
我妈把一份礼物给我。
⚠️ 两大“送命题”陷阱(必看!):
介词选错:give/pass/sell/teach(“给/递/卖/教”)用 to;buy/make/cook(“买/制作/做饭”)用 for。
正:She buys a dress for me.(给我买裙子)—— 不能用 to。
正:She passes the ball to me.(把球传给我)—— 不能用 for。
代词位置:如果人和物都是代词(如 it 和 me),必须用第二种公式(give it to me),绝对不能说 give me it(虽然语法上偶尔允许,但考试和口语中极不自然,七年级必扣分)。
升级二:宾语补足语(“称呼/认为”谁怎么样)
有些动词(如 make, call, find, name)接了宾语后,意思还不完整,需要再加一个词来补充说明宾语的身份或状态,这个词就叫宾语补足语(宾补)。
结构公式
例句
汉语翻译
主语 + 动词 + 宾语 + 宾补(名词/形容词)
We call the cat Mimi.
我们叫这只猫咪咪。(补充名字)
The news makes her happy.
这消息让她很开心。(补充状态)
特别提醒:宾补是对“宾语”的补充,不是对“主语”的补充(那是主系表的表语)。
记忆口诀:“主系表,讲主语(She is happy 她开心);动宾补,讲宾语(It makes her happy 这让她开心)”。
【典例破题】(2025·广州·七上期中)My sister _______ a new bike yesterday.
A. buy B. buys C. bought D. is buying
【答案】C
【思路点拨】 本题主要考查主谓宾结构中的动词时态。时间状语“yesterday”表示过去,动词buy需用过去式bought;“bike”是动作的承受者,作宾语。主谓宾结构完整。故选C。
【方法提炼】 看到及物动词(如buy, like, read, make),立刻找后面的宾语(动作对象)。若句中没有宾语,要考虑是否漏词或用错了不及物动词。
【易错警示】
易错点 1:及物动词后忘加宾语。
错误:I like very much.(✘ 喜欢什么?)
正确:I like it very much.(✔)
易错点 2:疑问句和否定句中,用了do/does/did后,动词忘记变原形。
错误:She doesn't likes apples.(✘)
正确:She doesn't like apples.(✔)
易错点 3:宾语必须是“宾格”(代词的变形陷阱)
宾语位置绝对不能用主格(I, He, She, We, They),必须用宾格(me, him, her, us, them)。
错例:My mother likes I.(✘)—— 主语和宾语都是“我”,但位置不同,形式必须变!
正解:My mother likes me.(✔)
【记忆口诀】“主谓宾,要记全,动作对象跟后面;及物动词把话带,没有宾语变哑巴!
【巩固提升1】
1.(25-26七年级上·山东东营·期末)下列句子是“主语+谓语+宾语”结构的是________。
A.He felt happy. B.There is a little time left.
C.I read his books. D.My mother works in a hospital.
2.(24-25七年级上·甘肃定西·阶段检测)Clark ________ thin, and he ________ black hair.
A.is; has B.has; is C.is; is D.has; has
3.(24-25七年级上·全国·随堂练习)Kangkang seldom ________ the subway to school.
A.takes B.by C.on
【巩固提升2】
1.(24-25七年级下·全国·单元测试)Do you ________ (提供,服务) fish?
2.(22-23六年级下·上海·单元测试)Miss Wu ________ English very well. (teacher)
3. The sun ______ (rise) in the east every morning.
【巩固提升3】
1.(26-27七年级上·全国·课后作业)with, grandparents, her, lives, Li Xiaojuan (连词成句)
________________________________________.
2.(26-27七年级上·全国·单元测试)翻译:我捡起了一支笔。
________________________________________________
3.(25-26七年级下·辽宁铁岭·阶段检测)我们应该尊敬每个人。
________________________________
知识点三 主系表结构
◆主系表(SVP)
1. 定义
主系表结构由主语(Subject)+ 系动词(Link Verb)+ 表语(Predicative)构成。系动词不表示具体动作,而是起“连接”作用,表语用来说明主语的身份、特征、状态或感受。
I am a student.(我是学生。)—— “am”是系动词,连接主语和身份。
She looks happy.(她看起来开心。)—— “looks”是系动词,连接主语和状态。
The food tastes good.(食物尝起来好。)
2. 常见系动词分类
类别
常见系动词
例句
汉语翻译
状态(be)
am / is / are / was / were
He is tall.
他很高。
感官类
look(看起来), smell(闻起来), taste(尝起来), feel(感觉), sound(听起来)
The music sounds beautiful.
音乐听起来很美。
变化类
become(变得), get(变得), turn(转变)
The leaves turn yellow.
叶子变黄了。
保持类
keep(保持), stay(保持)
Keep quiet, please.
请保持安静。
3. 结构(以be动词为例)
句式
结构
例句
肯定句
主语 + 系动词 + 表语
She is a teacher.
否定句
主语 + 系动词 + not + 表语
She isn't a teacher.
一般疑问句
系动词 + 主语 + 表语?
Is she a teacher?
【典例破题】(2025·北京·七上模拟)The soup _______ very delicious. I want more.
A. eats B. looks C. tastes D. sounds
【答案】C
【思路点拨】本题主要考查感官系动词的辨析。句意:“汤尝起来很美味”,主语“The soup”与“尝”搭配,taste为系动词,后接形容词delicious作表语。故选C。
【方法提炼】 主系表结构最大的特征是:表语一定是说明主语“是什么”或“怎么样”的,动词不表示“做”一个动作,而是“连接”信息。
【易错警示】
易错点 1:用副词修饰系动词(把系动词当实义动词)。
错误:She looks happily.(✘)
正确:She looks happy.(✔ 表语用形容词)
易错点 2:系动词和实义动词混淆(be动词和实义动词双谓语)。
错误:He is like apples.(✘)
正确:He likes apples.(主谓宾) 或 He is happy.(主系表)
记忆口诀:“主系表,中间连,am/is/are在中间;感官变化作系动,表语形容或名补;副词千万莫乱入,说明本质才清楚!”
【巩固提升1】
1.(24-25七年级上·陕西西安·阶段检测)It’s rainy today. The ________ of the rain ________ a nice song.
A.sound; is like B.sound; likes C.voice; is like D.voice; likes
2.(25-26七年级上·吉林·阶段检测)—What color is the quilt?
—________ yellow.
A.It B.It’s C.Its D.Is
3.(22-23七年级上·江苏泰州·阶段检测)—Why ________ Jim look happy today?
—He ________ happy because he does badly in Maths today.
A.doesn’t; isn’t B.isn’t; doesn’t C.doesn’t; doesn’t D.isn’t; isn’t
【巩固提升2】
1.(21-22七年级上·福建厦门·期中)The idea(主意) s________ good.
2.(22-23七年级下·全国·单元测试)Problems and worries are ________(正常的)in life.
3.(20-21七年级上·全国·单元测试)Ms. Li ________ twenty nine years old.
【巩固提升3】
1.(25-26七年级上·四川·阶段检测)我的书在桌子上。
________ books ________ ________ the desk.
2.(25-26七年级下·全国·单元测试)There is much wind in Wuhan today. (改为同义句)
________ ________ ________ in Wuhan today.
3.(25-26七年级下·全国·单元测试)他看起来很开心。
________________________________
知识点四 There be句型
◆There be句型
1. 定义
There be 句型表示“某处存在某物/某人”,强调的是“存在”,而非“拥有”。
基本结构为:There be + 名词/代词 + 地点状语。
There is a book on the desk.(桌上有一本书。)
There are some students in the classroom.(教室里有一些学生。)
2. 结构
句式
结构公式(以现在时为例)
例句
肯定句
There + be + 名词 + 地点
There is some milk in the glass.
否定句
There + be + not + 名词 + 地点(或 no + 名词)
There isn't any milk. / There is no milk.
一般疑问句
Be + there + 名词 + 地点?
Is there any milk in the glass?
特殊疑问句
疑问词 + be + there + 地点?
How much milk is there in the glass?
3. 就近一致原则
be动词的单复数由它后面的第一个名词(即最近的名词)决定:
最近名词
be动词形式
例句
单数/不可数
is
There is a pen and two pencils on the desk.(一支笔和两支铅笔)
复数
are
There are two pencils and a pen on the desk.(两支铅笔和一支笔)
4. There be句型和have/has区别
句型
含义
例句
There be
存在(某地有某物)
There is a bank near here.(这儿附近有家银行。)
have/has
拥有(某人/某物所属)
I have a new bag.(我有一个新包。)
5. There be句型时态变化
时态
核心结构(公式)
例句(含地点状语)
汉语翻译
一般现在时
There is / are + 名词 + 地点
There is a cat under the bed.
床底下有只猫。
一般过去时
There was / were + 名词 + 地点
There were many people in the hall yesterday.
昨天大厅里有很多人。
一般将来时
There will be / There is/are going to be + 名词 + 地点
There will be a football match next week.
下周将有一场足球赛。
【典例破题】(2025·深圳·七上期末)There _______ a pen and some books on the desk.
A. is B. are C. have D. has
【答案】A
【思路点拨】本题主要考查There be句型的就近原则。虽然“a pen and some books”整体是复数,但紧挨着be动词的主语是“a pen”(单数),根据就近原则,be动词用is。故选A。
方法提炼:做There be题型时,先找be动词后面紧挨着的名词,单数用is,复数用are,千万不能看整体!
【易错警示】
易错点 1:与have/has混用(最顽固错误)。
错误:There will have a concert. / There has a book.
正确:There will be a concert. / There is a book.(✔)
易错点 2: 就近原则视而不见。
错误:There are a book and two pens.(✘)
正确:There is a book and two pens.(✔ 看a book是单数)
易错点 3:否定/疑问句中遗漏be动词。
错误:There not any water.(✘)
正确:There isn't any water.(✔)
正确:Is there any water?(✔)
记忆口诀:“There be 表存在,某处有物记心怀;be动看最近,单数is复数是are;have/has表拥有,绝不能和be混搭!”
【巩固提升1】
1.(25-26七年级下·四川自贡·期中)There ________ some coffee in the cup.
A.has B.are C.is
2.(26-27七年级上·全国·课后作业)There _________ a lot of news about Zhang Ziyi on TV.
A.was B.has C.are D.have
3.(26-27七年级上·江苏·小升初衔接)There will ________ an English party in our school next week.
A.have B.has C.be
【巩固提升2】
1.(26-27七年级上·全国·课后作业)____________ many students on the playground now. (there be)
2.(26-27七年级上·全国·课后作业)________ there any vegetables in the basket?(be)
3.(25-26七年级下·全国·课后作业)There ________ (be) a meeting this afternoon.
【巩固提升3】
1.(26-27七年级上·全国·课后作业)There are many old schools in China.
一般疑问句:___________________________
肯定回答:______________ 否定回答:______________
2.(25-26七年级下·全国·单元测试)There are ten rooms in my dream home. (对划线部分提问)
________ ________ rooms ________ ________ in your dream home?
3.(26-27七年级上·全国·课后作业)The teaching building has 30 classrooms. (改为同义句)
______________ 30 classrooms in the teaching building.
一、单项选择
1.(26-27七年级上·全国·课后作业)—Are there ________ vegetables in the fridge? —No, ________.
A.some; there aren’t B.any; there aren’t
C.some; there are D.any; there is
2.(24-25七年级下·甘肃天水·期末)What’s the sentence structure of “The old man walks in the park”?
A.S+V B.S+V+O C.S+V+P D.S+V+IO+DO
3.(24-25六年级上·全国·单元测试)Our P.E. teacher ________ strong and he ________ a big nose.
A.is; has B.has; is C.is; is D.has; has
4.(24-25七年级上·四川成都·开学考试)This girl is ________ beautiful.
A./ B.dance C.dances D.dancing
5.(24-25七年级上·全国·暑假作业)—What’s your ________ job?
—________ a cook.
A.mother; She’s B.brother’s; He’s C.mother’s; She
二、用所给单词的适当形式填空
1.(26-27七年级上·全国·课后作业)Sally is f________ Sydney, Australia.
2.(21-22七年级下·江苏泰州·阶段检测)Nothing ________(be) impossible.
3.(26-27七年级上·全国·课后作业)Is t________ a whiteboard in your classroom?
4.(2025七年级上·江苏南京·专题练习)There _______ (be) many students in the classroom now.
5. My sister always ______ (get) up early, and she ______ (walk) to school every day.
三、语法选择
(24-25七年级上·湖南长沙·阶段检测)阅读下面短文,从短文后各题所给的A、B、C三个选项中,选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
From the time I was in the third grade, I knew I wanted to be 1 writer. After winning the first prize for my story, I wanted 2 how to write different kinds of stories. In the 3 grade, I never stopped practicing my writing. I always took a notebook with me. So I could write whenever (无论何时) I felt like writing something down on it. When I started the fifth grade, my English teacher was Mrs. Foster. She was the 4 teacher I’d ever had. She always had something nice to say about 5 . I loved her so much that I showed her my notebook and what I wrote during my third grade. When she gave my 6 back, she wrote some encouraging (鼓励的) words on it. That made me 7 really great. “Don’t give up (放弃) your dream, Kathy,” she said. “I never gave up 8 . I always wanted to be a teacher, and here I am.”
I did 9 Mrs. Foster told me to do. Now I have most of my stories published (出版) in books and magazines. The way 10 success is to follow your dreams. And sometimes, it needs other dreamers to help keep your dreams alive. I’m happy that Mrs. Foster was a dreamer, too.
1.A.a B.the C.an
2.A.learned B.learning C.to learn
3.A.fourth B.fifth C.sixth
4.A.good B.better C.best
5.A.someone B.nobody C.everyone
6.A.note B.notebook C.English book
7.A.feels B.feel C.feeling
8.A.me B.mine C.my
9.A.what B.where C.why
10.A.to B.with C.at
四、语法填空
(25-26七年级上·内蒙古赤峰·期末)阅读短文,在空白处填入一个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Imagine you go to the supermarket in 1 (you) area, but there are almost no fruits, vegetables, honey, milk, eggs or chocolate. How would you feel? Disappointed? Angry? Sad? 2 this moment, you realize people, plants, and animals are all connected. We need each other to live, and bees are one of the best 3 (example) of this connection.
Bees are very hard-working animals, and their greatest work is pollination (传粉). On one trip, they 4 (usual) visit 50 to 100 flowers. As they fly from one flower 5 another, they take pollen (花粉) with them. This action helps plants 6 (grow). In fact, without their work, about 80 percent of the plants in the world 7 (can) grow. For this reason, many scientists believe that bees are the most important animals on this planet.
Bees are also interesting. They work together to make their homes. Now, some bees are 8 (build) honeycombs (蜂巢) to store honey. Another interesting thing: when a bee finds new food, it will 9 (dance) to tell the others.
Bees play an 10 (important) part in our world. However, the number of bees is dropping. We must protect them because we can’t live without bees!
五、阅读理解
(25-26七年级上·河北石家庄·期末)Rabbit Sally, her brother Max, her father and mother live on Happy Land. There are many animals and trees on this land. It is a happy place.
But one tree is not happy. Sally sees this tree. Sally asks, “Why are you so sad?”
“No animals want to play with me,” says the tree. “I don’t have fruit. so they all play with other trees.”
“But look at your leaves (树叶),” Sally says. “They are beautiful.”
Then Sally tells her family about it. “We should make it happy quickly,” her mother says. Max asks. “But what can we do for it?” “Your birthday is coming soon. What about having a birthday party under this tree?” her father says.
“That’s a good idea,” the other family members say together.
All the animals know it too, and they decide to come and make the tree happy.
Then the big day comes. Sally’s father and mother put lots of food and drinks under the tree. The animals come here too. Birds stand in the tree and sing beautiful songs. The animals run and dance around the tree.
The tree laughs. ____▲____
1.What does paragraph 1 tell us?
A.Rabbit Sally loves her family. B.Happy Land is a happy home.
C.There are many flowers on Happy Land. D.All the trees on Happy Land are happy.
2.Why don’t animals play with the tree?
A.Because it is too short. B.Because it is too old.
C.Because it has no fruit. D.Because it has no leaves.
3.What can we put in the ____▲____?
A.It gives everyone its fruit. B.It jumps up and runs away.
C.Its leaves dance to the music. D.It eats all the food and drinks.
4.What is the best title for the reading?
A.Trees can be happy. B.Rabbit Sally makes the tree happy.
C.Fruits and leaves. D.The tree has a birthday party.
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专题06 三大句型结构+There be句型
内容导航
01 复习目标→ 明考向、知权重、晓关联、以目标导学,以考向定标
02 知识重构 → 系统讲解核心知识,重构整合形成体系
脉络重构:快速扫描高频考点,定位薄区
典例破题:精选例题,呈现思路点拨+规范解答+方法提炼
巩固提升:趁热打铁练一练,强化巩固所学
03综合通关 → 综合演练,梯度设题;查漏补缺,闭环收官
知识点
常考考点
命题风向
主谓结构
(SV)
1. 由“主语 + 不及物动词”构成;
2. 动词本身能表达完整意思,不接宾语。
1. 考查区分及物动词与不及物动词;
2. 考查动词单三形式与主语的一致。
主谓宾结构
(SVO)
1. 由“主语 + 及物动词 + 宾语”构成;
2. 动词必须接动作的承受者(宾语)。
1. 考查宾语的位置(放在动词后);
2. 考查及物动词后接名词/代词作宾语。
主系表结构
(SVP)
1. 由“主语 + 系动词 + 表语”构成;
2. 系动词包括be动词、感官动词、变化类动词。
1. 考查系动词后接形容词作表语(不加副词);
2. 考查be动词(am/is/are/was/were)的正确选用。
There be 句型
1. 表示“某处存在某物”;
2. be动词就近原则。
1. 考查be动词与最近主语的一致(就近原则);
2. 考查与have/has的区别(“存在”与“拥有”)。
考情解码: 句型结构是英语造句的“骨架”。小升初及七年级阶段,要求能准确区分四种基本句型,并能根据句意选择正确的动词和结构。常考题型有单项选择、句型转换和连词成句。命题趋势偏向在语境中判断句子成分是否完整。
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点
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精
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【课标要求】1.主谓结构: 理解不及物动词的含义,能识别“主语+不及物动词”构成的简单句。
2.主谓宾结构: 理解及物动词需要带宾语,能正确将宾语放在动词之后。
3.主系表结构: 掌握常见的系动词(be, look, feel, become等),能正确使用形容词作表语。
4.There be句型: 掌握其基本结构和“就近原则”,能与have/has进行明确区分。
知识点一 主谓结构
◆主谓结构(SV)
1. 定义
主谓结构由主语(Subject)和不及物动词(Intransitive Verb)构成。这类动词本身就能表达完整的意思,不需要接宾语,动作停留在主语本身。
The sun rises.(太阳升起。)—— “升起”这个动作不需要接“什么”,意思已完整。
Birds fly.(鸟儿飞翔。)
He runs fast.(他跑得很快。)—— “fast”是状语,不是宾语。
2. 结构(以run为例)
句式
结构
例句
肯定句
主语 + 不及物动词 (+ 状语)
He runs fast.
否定句
主语 + do/does/did + not + 动词原形 (+ 状语)
He doesn't run fast.
一般疑问句
Do/Does/Did + 主语 + 动词原形 (+ 状语)?
Does he run fast?
3. 常见不及物动词
动词
例句
汉语翻译
come
She comes every day.
她每天来。
go
They go home.(home是副词)
他们回家。
sleep
I sleep well.
我睡得很好。
happen
A funny thing happened.
一件有趣的事发生了。
arrive
The bus arrives late.
公交车来晚了。
【记忆口诀】“不及物,意自全,主谓结构就出现;若要接物加介词,不加宾语也成句!”
【典例破题】(2025·武汉·七上模拟)The baby _______ well every night.
A. sleep B. sleeps C. is sleeping D. slept
【答案】B
【思路点拨】本题主要考查主谓结构及一般现在时。时间状语“every night”表示习惯性动作,用一般现在时;主语“The baby”为第三人称单数,动词sleep用sleeps。“睡觉”这个动词不需要接宾语,是典型的不及物动词。故选B。
【方法提炼】 判断主谓结构,先看动词意思是否完整。如果动词后不用加“谁”或“什么”就能说通,就是不及物动词。
【易错警示】
易错点 1:不及物动词后面误加宾语。
错误:She arrived the station.(✘)
正确:She arrived at the station.(✔)(arrive是不及物,需加介词再接地点,或说arrived late。纯主谓结构不接宾语。)
易错点 2:将及物动词当成不及物动词,漏掉宾语。
错误:He likes.(✘ 意思不完整:“喜欢什么?”)
正确:He likes apples.(✔ 这是主谓宾结构。)
【巩固提升1】
1.(25-26八年级上·江苏淮安·期末)The basic sentence structure of “The temperature drops.” is ________.
A.S+V B.S+V+O C.S+V+P D.S+V+O+C
【答案】A
【详解】句意:“The temperature drops.”的基本句子结构是S+V。
考查句子结构分析。原句“The temperature drops.”中,“The temperature”是主语(S),“drops”是不及物动词作谓语(V),后面没有宾语、表语或补语成分,因此属于“主语+谓语”结构。故选A。
2.(25-26八年级上·江苏南京·周测)Which of the following has the same sentence structure as “The rain stopped suddenly.”?
A.The children played games. B.Her voice sounds sweet.
C.Birds fly high in the sky. D.We finished our homework.
【答案】C
【详解】句意:下面哪一个和“The rain stopped suddenly.”的句子结构相同?
考查句子结构。“The rain stopped suddenly.”是主谓结构,其中“The rain”是主语,“stopped”是不及物动词作谓语,“suddenly”是副词作状语。选项C,“Birds fly high in the sky.”是主谓结构,其中“Birds”是主语,“fly”是不及物动词作谓语,“high in the sky”是状语,与题干句子结构相同,符合题意。故选C。
3.(24-25七年级下·全国·课后作业)I ________ forget that person.
A.will never B.never will
C.am never D.never do
【答案】A
【详解】句意:我将永远不会忘记那个人。
考查句子结构及频率副词的位置。根据“forget”可知,该句是主谓结构的句子,故C、D项排除掉;will+动词原形,构成将来时,never“从不”,频率副词,一般情况位于系动词、助动词、情态动词之后,实义动词之前,故选A。
【巩固提升2】
1.(26-27七年级上·全国·课后作业)as, study, a, we, together, team (连词成句)
____________________________________________________.
【答案】We study together as a team
【详解】根据所给单词和标点符号可知,本句是一个陈述句。“we”我们,作主语,句首首字母大写;“study”学习,作谓语;“together”一起,作状语,修饰动词;“as a team”作为团队,作方式状语,放在句末。故填We study together as a team“我们作为一个团队一起学习”。
2.(24-25七年级下·重庆彭水·期中)counts, every, water, of, drop (连词成句)
_____________________________
【答案】Every drop of water counts.
【详解】根据所给词可知,本句是主谓结构的陈述句;Every“每一个”,限定词,修饰名词drop;drop“水滴”,名词,和of water构成名词短语作句子主语;of“……的”,介词,连接drop和water;water“水”,不可数名词;counts“重要、起作用”,动词第三人称单数形式,在句中作谓语。
3.(24-25八年级上·四川达州·阶段检测)The story ________ (发生) on May 25th, 2024.
【答案】happened
【详解】句意:故事发生在2024年5月25日。根据汉语提示可知,happen“发生”,根据“on May 25th, 2024”可知,时态为一般过去时。故填happened。
【巩固提升3】
1.(25-26八年级下·全国·单元测试)鸟儿飞。(S+V)
_____________________________________
【答案】Birds fly.
【详解】“鸟儿飞”译为“Birds fly”,根据汉语意思可知,本句为一般现在时主动语态;“鸟儿”译为Birds(用复数形式表示泛指,句首字母大写);“飞”译为fly(不及物动词,作谓语,主语为复数,用动词原形);句子结构为S+V(主语 + 谓语),符合题目要求。
2.(22-23八年级上·全国·单元测试)这个想法奏效了。(汉译英)
__________________________________________________
【答案】The idea worked.
【详解】the idea“这个想法”;work“奏效,产生预期的效果”。根据汉意可知,时态为一般过去时,故谓语动词要用过去式。故填The idea worked.
3.(25-26八年级下·全国·课后作业)网络飞速发展。(主谓)
________________________________
【答案】The Internet develops fast.
【详解】“网络”译为The Internet,专有名词,首字母大写,用定冠词the特指。“飞速发展”译为develops fast。“发展”用develop,主语为第三人称单数,谓语用develops。“飞速地”用副词fast修饰动词develops,表示速度快。用一般现在时描述客观事实或普遍现象。
知识点二 主谓宾结构
◆主谓宾结构(SVO)
1. 定义
主谓宾结构由主语(Subject)+ 及物动词(Transitive Verb)+ 宾语(Object)构成。这类动词必须带上动作的承受者(宾语),意思才完整。
I like apples.(我喜欢苹果。)——“喜欢”必须有个对象,否则话没说完。
She reads a book.(她读一本书。)
We play football.(我们踢足球。)
注意:如宾语为代词,代词必须为宾格。
We all like her. 我们都喜欢她。
2. 结构(以eat为例)
句式
结构
例句
肯定句
主语 + 及物动词 + 宾语
I eat an apple.
否定句
主语 + do/does + not + 动词原形 + 宾语
I don't eat an apple.
一般疑问句
Do/Does + 主语 + 动词原形 + 宾语?
Do you eat an apple?
3. 升级句式(初中必学)
升级一:双宾语结构(“给”谁“什么”)
有些及物动词(如 give, buy, show, pass, bring 等)后面可以接两个宾语:
间接宾语(人):动作的接收者。
直接宾语(物):动作的具体对象。
七年级必背的两种位置公式(以 give 为例):
结构公式
例句
汉语翻译
give + 人(间宾) + 物(直宾)
My mother gives me a gift.
我妈给我一份礼物。
give + 物(直宾) + to + 人(间宾)
My mother gives a gift to me.
我妈把一份礼物给我。
⚠️ 两大“送命题”陷阱(必看!):
介词选错:give/pass/sell/teach(“给/递/卖/教”)用 to;buy/make/cook(“买/制作/做饭”)用 for。
正:She buys a dress for me.(给我买裙子)—— 不能用 to。
正:She passes the ball to me.(把球传给我)—— 不能用 for。
代词位置:如果人和物都是代词(如 it 和 me),必须用第二种公式(give it to me),绝对不能说 give me it(虽然语法上偶尔允许,但考试和口语中极不自然,七年级必扣分)。
升级二:宾语补足语(“称呼/认为”谁怎么样)
有些动词(如 make, call, find, name)接了宾语后,意思还不完整,需要再加一个词来补充说明宾语的身份或状态,这个词就叫宾语补足语(宾补)。
结构公式
例句
汉语翻译
主语 + 动词 + 宾语 + 宾补(名词/形容词)
We call the cat Mimi.
我们叫这只猫咪咪。(补充名字)
The news makes her happy.
这消息让她很开心。(补充状态)
特别提醒:宾补是对“宾语”的补充,不是对“主语”的补充(那是主系表的表语)。
记忆口诀:“主系表,讲主语(She is happy 她开心);动宾补,讲宾语(It makes her happy 这让她开心)”。
【典例破题】(2025·广州·七上期中)My sister _______ a new bike yesterday.
A. buy B. buys C. bought D. is buying
【答案】C
【思路点拨】 本题主要考查主谓宾结构中的动词时态。时间状语“yesterday”表示过去,动词buy需用过去式bought;“bike”是动作的承受者,作宾语。主谓宾结构完整。故选C。
【方法提炼】 看到及物动词(如buy, like, read, make),立刻找后面的宾语(动作对象)。若句中没有宾语,要考虑是否漏词或用错了不及物动词。
【易错警示】
易错点 1:及物动词后忘加宾语。
错误:I like very much.(✘ 喜欢什么?)
正确:I like it very much.(✔)
易错点 2:疑问句和否定句中,用了do/does/did后,动词忘记变原形。
错误:She doesn't likes apples.(✘)
正确:She doesn't like apples.(✔)
易错点 3:宾语必须是“宾格”(代词的变形陷阱)
宾语位置绝对不能用主格(I, He, She, We, They),必须用宾格(me, him, her, us, them)。
错例:My mother likes I.(✘)—— 主语和宾语都是“我”,但位置不同,形式必须变!
正解:My mother likes me.(✔)
【记忆口诀】“主谓宾,要记全,动作对象跟后面;及物动词把话带,没有宾语变哑巴!
【巩固提升1】
1.(25-26七年级上·山东东营·期末)下列句子是“主语+谓语+宾语”结构的是________。
A.He felt happy. B.There is a little time left.
C.I read his books. D.My mother works in a hospital.
【答案】C
【详解】句意:下列句子是“主语+谓语+宾语”结构的是“I read his books.”。
“He felt happy.”结构为主语+系动词+表语,其中“felt”是系动词,“happy”是表语,描述主语的状态;“There is a little time left.”是there be句型,表示“存在有”;“I read his books.”结构为主语+谓语+宾语,其中“I”是主语,“read”是谓语,“his books”是宾语,符合“主语+谓语+宾语”结构。“My mother works in a hospital.”结构为主语+谓语+状语,其中“in a hospital”是地点状语,描述动作发生的地点。
2.(24-25七年级上·甘肃定西·阶段检测)Clark ________ thin, and he ________ black hair.
A.is; has B.has; is C.is; is D.has; has
【答案】A
【详解】句意:Clark很瘦,并且他有一头黑发。
考查be动词和实义动词。根据“Clark…thin”可知,空一处是主系表结构,用be动词,主语是Clark,be动词用is;根据“he…black hair”可知,空二处表示他有一头黑发,用实义动词,主语是he,动词用三单has。故选A。
3.(24-25七年级上·全国·随堂练习)Kangkang seldom ________ the subway to school.
A.takes B.by C.on
【答案】A
【详解】句意:Kangkang很少乘地铁去学校。
考查句子结构。take乘坐,动词;by乘坐,介词;on乘坐,介词。分析句子结构,“Kangkang” 作主语,“the subway”作宾语 ,句中缺少谓语动词,所以空处需要填动词。故选A。
【巩固提升2】
1.(24-25七年级下·全国·单元测试)Do you ________ (提供,服务) fish?
【答案】serve
【详解】句意:你们提供鱼吗?serve“提供”,疑问句中有助动词do,谓语动词用原形。故填serve。
2.(22-23六年级下·上海·单元测试)Miss Wu ________ English very well. (teacher)
【答案】teaches
【详解】句意:吴老师英语教得很好。所给单词是teacher,名词,意为“教师,老师”。在题中,Miss Wu是主语;English是名词,这里作宾语;very well是副词,修饰动词;但在句子中没有出现动词,所以空出来的地方缺少的是谓语动词。所以根据翻译可知是:教英语,即teach。描述事实,用一般现在时,所以要写的是teach的第三人称单数形式teaches。故填teaches。
3. The sun ______ (rise) in the east every morning.
【答案】 rises
【解析】 句意“太阳每天早上从东方升起”。本句为主谓结构(主语 + 不及物动词),主语 The sun 是第三人称单数,描述客观事实用一般现在时,动词 rise 加 -s。不及物动词 rise 后面不需要接宾语,本身就能表达完整意思。
【巩固提升3】
1.(26-27七年级上·全国·课后作业)with, grandparents, her, lives, Li Xiaojuan (连词成句)
________________________________________.
【答案】Li Xiaojuan lives with her grandparents.
【详解】分析所给词及标点,本句是肯定陈述句。专有名词Li Xiaojuan是句子主语;动词lives“居住”是live的第三人称单数形式,对应单数主语,在句中作谓语;固定搭配live with sb.表示“和某人一起居住”,介词with后接宾语her grandparents“她的祖父母/外祖父母”。
2.(26-27七年级上·全国·单元测试)翻译:我捡起了一支笔。
________________________________________________
【答案】I picked up a pen.
【详解】“我捡起了一支笔。”译为“I picked up a pen.”“我”译为I,句子主语,置于句首,首字母大写;“捡起”译为pick up,句中的“了”表示动作已经发生并完成,因此使用一般过去时,动词pick需变为过去式picked;“一支笔”译为a pen,宾语。
3.(25-26七年级下·辽宁铁岭·阶段检测)我们应该尊敬每个人。
________________________________
【答案】We should respect everyone.
【详解】“我们应该尊敬每个人”应翻译为“We should respect everyone”。we我们,主语,should respect应该尊敬,情态动词加动词原形的谓语结构,everyone每个人,宾语。句子为主谓宾结构。
知识点三 主系表结构
◆主系表(SVP)
1. 定义
主系表结构由主语(Subject)+ 系动词(Link Verb)+ 表语(Predicative)构成。系动词不表示具体动作,而是起“连接”作用,表语用来说明主语的身份、特征、状态或感受。
I am a student.(我是学生。)—— “am”是系动词,连接主语和身份。
She looks happy.(她看起来开心。)—— “looks”是系动词,连接主语和状态。
The food tastes good.(食物尝起来好。)
2. 常见系动词分类
类别
常见系动词
例句
汉语翻译
状态(be)
am / is / are / was / were
He is tall.
他很高。
感官类
look(看起来), smell(闻起来), taste(尝起来), feel(感觉), sound(听起来)
The music sounds beautiful.
音乐听起来很美。
变化类
become(变得), get(变得), turn(转变)
The leaves turn yellow.
叶子变黄了。
保持类
keep(保持), stay(保持)
Keep quiet, please.
请保持安静。
3. 结构(以be动词为例)
句式
结构
例句
肯定句
主语 + 系动词 + 表语
She is a teacher.
否定句
主语 + 系动词 + not + 表语
She isn't a teacher.
一般疑问句
系动词 + 主语 + 表语?
Is she a teacher?
【典例破题】(2025·北京·七上模拟)The soup _______ very delicious. I want more.
A. eats B. looks C. tastes D. sounds
【答案】C
【思路点拨】本题主要考查感官系动词的辨析。句意:“汤尝起来很美味”,主语“The soup”与“尝”搭配,taste为系动词,后接形容词delicious作表语。故选C。
【方法提炼】 主系表结构最大的特征是:表语一定是说明主语“是什么”或“怎么样”的,动词不表示“做”一个动作,而是“连接”信息。
【易错警示】
易错点 1:用副词修饰系动词(把系动词当实义动词)。
错误:She looks happily.(✘)
正确:She looks happy.(✔ 表语用形容词)
易错点 2:系动词和实义动词混淆(be动词和实义动词双谓语)。
错误:He is like apples.(✘)
正确:He likes apples.(主谓宾) 或 He is happy.(主系表)
记忆口诀:“主系表,中间连,am/is/are在中间;感官变化作系动,表语形容或名补;副词千万莫乱入,说明本质才清楚!”
【巩固提升1】
1.(24-25七年级上·陕西西安·阶段检测)It’s rainy today. The ________ of the rain ________ a nice song.
A.sound; is like B.sound; likes C.voice; is like D.voice; likes
【答案】A
【详解】句意:今天下雨了。雨的声音像一首好听的歌。
sound声音;voice嗓音;is like像;likes喜欢。sound泛指自然界等各种声音,voice特指人的嗓音;like作介词意为“像”,常与be动词连用,作动词意为“喜欢”。根据语境,雨声是自然界声音,第一空用sound;句意表示雨声像歌曲,第二空用is like。应选sound; is like。
2.(25-26七年级上·吉林·阶段检测)—What color is the quilt?
—________ yellow.
A.It B.It’s C.Its D.Is
【答案】B
【详解】句意:——被子是什么颜色的?——它是黄色的。
考查代词和句子结构。用it指代the quilt,系动词是is,it is缩写成it’s。故选B。
3.(22-23七年级上·江苏泰州·阶段检测)—Why ________ Jim look happy today?
—He ________ happy because he does badly in Maths today.
A.doesn’t; isn’t B.isn’t; doesn’t C.doesn’t; doesn’t D.isn’t; isn’t
【答案】A
【详解】句意:——为什么吉姆今天看起来不高兴? ——他不高兴,因为他今天数学考得很差。
考查否定句。第一句look是系动词,主语Jim是第三人称单数,所以变问句需要借助助动词does,否定形式为doesn’t,第二句是主系表结构,主语是he,所以系动词用is,否定形式为isn’t,故选A。
【巩固提升2】
1.(21-22七年级上·福建厦门·期中)The idea(主意) s________ good.
【答案】(s)ounds
【详解】句意:这个主意听起来很好。根据主系表句子结构及首字母提示可知此处应用系动词“sound”表示“听起来”;主语“The idea”是单三,因此动词需用单三形式“sounds”。故填(s)ounds。
2.(22-23七年级下·全国·单元测试)Problems and worries are ________(正常的)in life.
【答案】normal
【详解】句意:生活中的问题和担忧是正常的。表达“正常的”用形容词normal,are是系动词,本句是主系表结构,填形容词normal作表语。故填normal。
3.(20-21七年级上·全国·单元测试)Ms. Li ________ twenty nine years old.
【答案】is
【详解】句意:李小姐29岁。本句是主系表结构,Ms. Li是单数第三人称,系词需用is。故填is。
【巩固提升3】
1.(25-26七年级上·四川·阶段检测)我的书在桌子上。
________ books ________ ________ the desk.
【答案】 My are on
【详解】原句中“我的”和“在……上”是关键词。“我的”用形容词性物主代词my,修饰名词books,且位于句首首字母需大写;“在……上”表示位置关系,用介词on;句子是主系表结构,时态为一般现在时,主语books是复数,系动词应选用are。
2.(25-26七年级下·全国·单元测试)There is much wind in Wuhan today. (改为同义句)
________ ________ ________ in Wuhan today.
【答案】 It is windy
【详解】句意:今天武汉风很大。There is much wind(名词)可替换为It is windy(形容词),用It指代天气,wind的形容词形式是windy,因此依次填It;is;windy。
3.(25-26七年级下·全国·单元测试)他看起来很开心。
________________________________
【答案】He looks very happy.
【详解】“他看起来很开心。”译为“He looks very happy.”句子是一般现在时的肯定句,句子是“主系表”结构,he“他”是句子的主语;looks“看起来”是系动词;happy“高兴的”是表语,“很”用very表达,是副词,修饰形容词happy,作状语。句首单词的首字母要大写。
知识点四 There be句型
◆There be句型
1. 定义
There be 句型表示“某处存在某物/某人”,强调的是“存在”,而非“拥有”。
基本结构为:There be + 名词/代词 + 地点状语。
There is a book on the desk.(桌上有一本书。)
There are some students in the classroom.(教室里有一些学生。)
2. 结构
句式
结构公式(以现在时为例)
例句
肯定句
There + be + 名词 + 地点
There is some milk in the glass.
否定句
There + be + not + 名词 + 地点(或 no + 名词)
There isn't any milk. / There is no milk.
一般疑问句
Be + there + 名词 + 地点?
Is there any milk in the glass?
特殊疑问句
疑问词 + be + there + 地点?
How much milk is there in the glass?
3. 就近一致原则
be动词的单复数由它后面的第一个名词(即最近的名词)决定:
最近名词
be动词形式
例句
单数/不可数
is
There is a pen and two pencils on the desk.(一支笔和两支铅笔)
复数
are
There are two pencils and a pen on the desk.(两支铅笔和一支笔)
4. There be句型和have/has区别
句型
含义
例句
There be
存在(某地有某物)
There is a bank near here.(这儿附近有家银行。)
have/has
拥有(某人/某物所属)
I have a new bag.(我有一个新包。)
5. There be句型时态变化
时态
核心结构(公式)
例句(含地点状语)
汉语翻译
一般现在时
There is / are + 名词 + 地点
There is a cat under the bed.
床底下有只猫。
一般过去时
There was / were + 名词 + 地点
There were many people in the hall yesterday.
昨天大厅里有很多人。
一般将来时
There will be / There is/are going to be + 名词 + 地点
There will be a football match next week.
下周将有一场足球赛。
【典例破题】(2025·深圳·七上期末)There _______ a pen and some books on the desk.
A. is B. are C. have D. has
【答案】A
【思路点拨】本题主要考查There be句型的就近原则。虽然“a pen and some books”整体是复数,但紧挨着be动词的主语是“a pen”(单数),根据就近原则,be动词用is。故选A。
方法提炼:做There be题型时,先找be动词后面紧挨着的名词,单数用is,复数用are,千万不能看整体!
【易错警示】
易错点 1:与have/has混用(最顽固错误)。
错误:There will have a concert. / There has a book.
正确:There will be a concert. / There is a book.(✔)
易错点 2: 就近原则视而不见。
错误:There are a book and two pens.(✘)
正确:There is a book and two pens.(✔ 看a book是单数)
易错点 3:否定/疑问句中遗漏be动词。
错误:There not any water.(✘)
正确:There isn't any water.(✔)
正确:Is there any water?(✔)
记忆口诀:“There be 表存在,某处有物记心怀;be动看最近,单数is复数是are;have/has表拥有,绝不能和be混搭!”
【巩固提升1】
1.(25-26七年级下·四川自贡·期中)There ________ some coffee in the cup.
A.has B.are C.is
【答案】C
【详解】句意:杯子里有一些咖啡。
has有;are是;is是。There be句型表示“某地有某物”,be动词的形式由后面的主语决定。coffee是不可数名词,视为单数,故be动词用is。
2.(26-27七年级上·全国·课后作业)There _________ a lot of news about Zhang Ziyi on TV.
A.was B.has C.are D.have
【答案】A
【详解】句意:电视上有很多关于章子怡的新闻。
此处为“There be”句型表示“存在”,不能用have/has,排除选项B和D;主语“news”是不可数名词,谓语动词用单数,排除选项C。
3.(26-27七年级上·江苏·小升初衔接)There will ________ an English party in our school next week.
A.have B.has C.be
【答案】C
【详解】句意:下周我们学校会有一个英语派对。
there be句型表示“某地有某物”,其将来时结构为“There will be...”;have和has表示“拥有”,主语通常是人或物,不符合there be句型的用法。
【巩固提升2】
1.(26-27七年级上·全国·课后作业)____________ many students on the playground now. (there be)
【答案】There are
【详解】句意:现在操场上有许多学生。句中“many students”为复数主语,需用There be句型表示“存在”;be动词与主语数一致,用are;时间状语now提示一般现在时。故填There are。
2.(26-27七年级上·全国·课后作业)________ there any vegetables in the basket?(be)
【答案】Are
【详解】句意:篮子里有一些蔬菜吗?本句是there be句型的一般疑问句,询问的是一般事实,时态为一般现在时,主语vegetables是可数名词复数,be动词要用are,故填Are。
3.(25-26七年级下·全国·课后作业)There ________ (be) a meeting this afternoon.
【答案】will be
【详解】句意:今天下午将会有一场会议。 空处为there be句型,this afternoon表将来时间,需用一般将来时;will + do,be动词原形为be。
【巩固提升3】
1.(26-27七年级上·全国·课后作业)There are many old schools in China.
一般疑问句:___________________________
肯定回答:______________ 否定回答:______________
【答案】 Are there many old schools in China? Yes, there are. No, there aren’t.
【详解】句意:在中国有许多老旧的学校。原句是There be句型。变一般疑问句时,直接将be动词(are) 提到句首(There 之前),首字母大写,句末改为问号。There be句型的回答需保留there be结构。肯定回答格式:Yes, there + be 动词.(此处用are)否定回答格式:No, there + be动词 + not.(此处用aren’t)故依次填Are there many old schools in China?;Yes, there are.;No, there aren’t.。
2.(25-26七年级下·全国·单元测试)There are ten rooms in my dream home. (对划线部分提问)
________ ________ rooms ________ ________ in your dream home?
【答案】 How many are there
【详解】句意:我梦想的房子有十个房间。划线部分是ten,且修饰可数名词复数rooms,对可数名词的数量提问需用特殊疑问词组How many。原句是There be句型,变为特殊疑问句时,结构为“特殊疑问词+一般疑问句”。需将be动词are提到there之前,构成are there。故填How;many;are;there。
3.(26-27七年级上·全国·课后作业)The teaching building has 30 classrooms. (改为同义句)
______________ 30 classrooms in the teaching building.
【答案】There are
【详解】句意:这栋教学楼有30间教室。原句使用has表示“有”,可转换为There be句型表示“存在”。因后续主语30 classrooms为复数形式,且时态为一般现在时,故be动词用are。注意句首单词首字母需大写。
一、单项选择
1.(26-27七年级上·全国·课后作业)—Are there ________ vegetables in the fridge? —No, ________.
A.some; there aren’t B.any; there aren’t
C.some; there are D.any; there is
【答案】B
【详解】句意:——冰箱里有蔬菜吗?——不,没有。
some; there aren’t(一些;没有);any; there aren’t(任何;没有);some; there are(一些;有);any; there is(任何;有)。根据问句“Are there...?”为一般疑问句,通常用any;且答句“No”表示否定,问句已用Are there,答句应用there aren’t保持一致;同时vegetables为复数名词。应填any; there aren’t。
2.(24-25七年级下·甘肃天水·期末)What’s the sentence structure of “The old man walks in the park”?
A.S+V B.S+V+O C.S+V+P D.S+V+IO+DO
【答案】A
【详解】句意:“老人在公园散步”的句子结构是什么?
考查句子结构。S+V主语+谓语;S+V+O主语+谓语+宾语;S+V+P主语+系动词+表语;S+V+IO+DO主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语。在句子“The old man walks in the park”中,主语是The old man,谓语是walks,in the park是介词短语作状语,所以句子结构是“主+谓”结构,故选A。
3.(24-25六年级上·全国·单元测试)Our P.E. teacher ________ strong and he ________ a big nose.
A.is; has B.has; is C.is; is D.has; has
【答案】A
【详解】句意:我们的体育老师很强壮,他有一个大鼻子。
考查动词辨析和句子结构。is是,be动词;has有,实义动词。分析题干,前句表示“老师很强壮”,应用is作系动词;后句表示“有一个大鼻子”,应用实义动词作谓语。故选A。
4.(24-25七年级上·四川成都·开学考试)This girl is ________ beautiful.
A./ B.dance C.dances D.dancing
【答案】A
【详解】句意:这个女孩很漂亮。
考查句子结构。dance跳舞;dances跳舞,第三人称单数形式;dancing跳舞,现在分词。This girl为主语,系动词is,beautiful“漂亮的”,形容词作表语,句子为主系表结构,结构完整。若要表达“这个女孩正在优美地跳舞”,则应使用副词beautifully来修饰动词,即为This girl is dancing beautifully。而题干给的是形容词beautiful,故选A。
5.(24-25七年级上·全国·暑假作业)—What’s your ________ job?
—________ a cook.
A.mother; She’s B.brother’s; He’s C.mother’s; She
【答案】B
【详解】句意:——你哥哥的工作是什么?——他是个厨师。
考查名词所有格及主系表结构。根据“your ... job”可知,空处用名词的所有格修饰名词job,排除A选项;根据“... a cook.”可知,空二处缺少主语和系动词,排除C选项。B选项He’s是He is的缩写,符合结构。故选B。
二、用所给单词的适当形式填空
1.(26-27七年级上·全国·课后作业)Sally is f________ Sydney, Australia.
【答案】from/rom
【详解】句意:Sally来自澳大利亚的悉尼。空格后“Sydney, Australia”表示地点,根据首字母f,可推知缺介词“from”,构成“be from”结构,表示来源地,故填from。
2.(21-22七年级下·江苏泰州·阶段检测)Nothing ________(be) impossible.
【答案】is
【详解】句意:没有什么不可能。陈述事实,句子用一般现在时,且此句是主系表结构,不定代词nothing作主语,be动词用is,故填is。
3.(26-27七年级上·全国·课后作业)Is t________ a whiteboard in your classroom?
【答案】there/here
【详解】句意:你的教室里有一块白板吗?根据句意和首字母“t”可知,此处为There be句型的疑问句形式,疑问句中将there提前,原句应为“There is a whiteboard...”,首字母“t”对应there。
4.(2025七年级上·江苏南京·专题练习)There _______ (be) many students in the classroom now.
【答案】are
【详解】句意:现在教室里有很多学生。根据“now”可知,此处介绍现在的状态,时态应用一般现在时;主语“many students”是复数,be动词使用are。故填are。
5. My sister always ______ (get) up early, and she ______ (walk) to school every day.
【答案】 gets; walks
【解析】 句意“我的姐姐总是早起,她每天步行去学校”。本句包含两个简单句:第一空“get up”为主谓结构(主语 + 不及物动词短语),主语 My sister 是第三人称单数,用一般现在时,get 加 -s;第二空“walk to school”为主谓状结构(主语 + 不及物动词 + 状语),walk 是不及物动词,后接介词短语 to school 作状语,主语 she 是第三人称单数,walk 加 -s。
三、语法选择
(24-25七年级上·湖南长沙·阶段检测)阅读下面短文,从短文后各题所给的A、B、C三个选项中,选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
From the time I was in the third grade, I knew I wanted to be 1 writer. After winning the first prize for my story, I wanted 2 how to write different kinds of stories. In the 3 grade, I never stopped practicing my writing. I always took a notebook with me. So I could write whenever (无论何时) I felt like writing something down on it. When I started the fifth grade, my English teacher was Mrs. Foster. She was the 4 teacher I’d ever had. She always had something nice to say about 5 . I loved her so much that I showed her my notebook and what I wrote during my third grade. When she gave my 6 back, she wrote some encouraging (鼓励的) words on it. That made me 7 really great. “Don’t give up (放弃) your dream, Kathy,” she said. “I never gave up 8 . I always wanted to be a teacher, and here I am.”
I did 9 Mrs. Foster told me to do. Now I have most of my stories published (出版) in books and magazines. The way 10 success is to follow your dreams. And sometimes, it needs other dreamers to help keep your dreams alive. I’m happy that Mrs. Foster was a dreamer, too.
1.A.a B.the C.an
2.A.learned B.learning C.to learn
3.A.fourth B.fifth C.sixth
4.A.good B.better C.best
5.A.someone B.nobody C.everyone
6.A.note B.notebook C.English book
7.A.feels B.feel C.feeling
8.A.me B.mine C.my
9.A.what B.where C.why
10.A.to B.with C.at
【答案】1.A 2.C 3.A 4.C 5.C 6.B 7.B 8.B 9.A 10.A
【导语】本文讲述了作者从三年级起梦想成为作家,在五年级遇到福斯特老师的鼓励下,坚持梦想并最终出版故事的经历。
【详解】1.句意:从三年级起,我就知道我想成为一名作家。
“writer”是以辅音音素开头的单词,且此处泛指“一名作家”,应用不定冠词a。the定冠词,表特指,an一个,修饰元音音素开头的单词。
2.句意:在我的故事获得一等奖后,我想学习如何写不同类型的故事。
根据固定搭配want to do sth“想要做某事”,可知此处应用动词不定式to learn。
3.句意:在四年级,我从未停止练习写作。
根据上文“third grade”和下文“started the fifth grade”,按时间顺序中间应为四年级,应填fourth。
4.句意:她是我曾有过的最好的老师。
根据句中“the”以及范围“I’d ever had”,可知应用形容词最高级best。
5.句意:她总是对每个人说些好话。
根据语境她是一位好老师,且作者很喜欢她,说明她对大家都很好,everyone符合语境。someone“某人”,nobody“没有人”,不符合语境。
6.句意:当她把我的笔记本还给我时,她在上面写了一些鼓励的话。
根据前文“I always took a notebook with me”及“showed her my notebook”,可知此处指归还笔记本,notebook“笔记本”符合语境。note“笔记”,English book“英语书”,不符合语境。
7.句意:那让我感觉真的很棒。
根据固定用法make sb do sth“使某人做某事”,make后接省略to的动词不定式,应填feel。
8.句意:我从未放弃我的(梦想)。
此处指代“my dream”,应用名词性物主代词mine,相当于“my dream”。
9.句意:我做了福斯特老师让我做的事。
此处引导宾语从句,且在从句中作do的宾语,表示“……的事”,应用what。
10.句意:通往成功的路就是追随你的梦想。
根据固定搭配the way to success“通往成功之路”,表示方向或归属应用介词 to。
四、语法填空
(25-26七年级上·内蒙古赤峰·期末)阅读短文,在空白处填入一个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Imagine you go to the supermarket in 1 (you) area, but there are almost no fruits, vegetables, honey, milk, eggs or chocolate. How would you feel? Disappointed? Angry? Sad? 2 this moment, you realize people, plants, and animals are all connected. We need each other to live, and bees are one of the best 3 (example) of this connection.
Bees are very hard-working animals, and their greatest work is pollination (传粉). On one trip, they 4 (usual) visit 50 to 100 flowers. As they fly from one flower 5 another, they take pollen (花粉) with them. This action helps plants 6 (grow). In fact, without their work, about 80 percent of the plants in the world 7 (can) grow. For this reason, many scientists believe that bees are the most important animals on this planet.
Bees are also interesting. They work together to make their homes. Now, some bees are 8 (build) honeycombs (蜂巢) to store honey. Another interesting thing: when a bee finds new food, it will 9 (dance) to tell the others.
Bees play an 10 (important) part in our world. However, the number of bees is dropping. We must protect them because we can’t live without bees!
【答案】1.your 2.At 3.examples 4.usually 5.to 6.grow/to grow 7.can’t/cannot 8.building 9.dance 10.important
【导语】本文是一篇说明文,主要介绍蜜蜂的习性以及蜜蜂在自然界中起到的关键作用,呼吁人们保护蜜蜂。
【详解】1.句意:想象你去你所在地区的超市,但是几乎没有水果、蔬菜、蜂蜜、牛奶、鸡蛋和巧克力。空格后是名词area,需要用形容词性物主代词修饰名词,you对应的形容词性物主代词为your,意为“你的”。
2.句意:在这一刻,你会意识到人类、植物和动物都是相互关联的。固定搭配at this moment,表示“此时此刻”,句首单词首字母需大写。
3.句意:我们彼此依靠才能生存,蜜蜂就是这种联系最好的例子之一。固定结构“one of the+形容词最高级+可数名词复数”表示“最……之一”,example的复数形式是examples。
4.句意:一趟出行中,它们通常会造访50至100朵花。本句主谓完整,此处需要副词修饰动词visit,形容词usual对应的副词形式为usually,意为“通常”。
5.句意:当它们从一朵花飞到另一朵花时,身上会沾带上花粉。固定搭配from one…to another…,表示“从一个……到另一个……”。
6.句意:这个行为帮助植物生长。固定搭配help sth. (to) do sth.,表示“帮助某物做某事”,不定式符号to可省略,因此可填grow或to grow。
7.句意:事实上,如果没有蜜蜂的劳作,世界上大约80%的植物都无法生长。根据语境,此处表达否定含义,情态动词can的否定形式为can’t或cannot,意为“不能、无法”。
8.句意:现在,一些蜜蜂正在建造蜂巢储存蜂蜜。句中Now是现在进行时标志词,结构为“be+现在分词”,build的现在分词是building。
9.句意:还有一件有趣的事:当蜜蜂发现新食物时,它会跳舞来告知其他同伴。will是情态动词,后接动词原形。
10.句意:蜜蜂在我们的世界里扮演着重要的角色。固定搭配play an important part in…,表示“在……中起到重要作用”,空格后是名词part,需用形容词important修饰。
五、阅读理解
(25-26七年级上·河北石家庄·期末)Rabbit Sally, her brother Max, her father and mother live on Happy Land. There are many animals and trees on this land. It is a happy place.
But one tree is not happy. Sally sees this tree. Sally asks, “Why are you so sad?”
“No animals want to play with me,” says the tree. “I don’t have fruit. so they all play with other trees.”
“But look at your leaves (树叶),” Sally says. “They are beautiful.”
Then Sally tells her family about it. “We should make it happy quickly,” her mother says. Max asks. “But what can we do for it?” “Your birthday is coming soon. What about having a birthday party under this tree?” her father says.
“That’s a good idea,” the other family members say together.
All the animals know it too, and they decide to come and make the tree happy.
Then the big day comes. Sally’s father and mother put lots of food and drinks under the tree. The animals come here too. Birds stand in the tree and sing beautiful songs. The animals run and dance around the tree.
The tree laughs. ____▲____
1.What does paragraph 1 tell us?
A.Rabbit Sally loves her family. B.Happy Land is a happy home.
C.There are many flowers on Happy Land. D.All the trees on Happy Land are happy.
2.Why don’t animals play with the tree?
A.Because it is too short. B.Because it is too old.
C.Because it has no fruit. D.Because it has no leaves.
3.What can we put in the ____▲____?
A.It gives everyone its fruit. B.It jumps up and runs away.
C.Its leaves dance to the music. D.It eats all the food and drinks.
4.What is the best title for the reading?
A.Trees can be happy. B.Rabbit Sally makes the tree happy.
C.Fruits and leaves. D.The tree has a birthday party.
【答案】1.B 2.C 3.C 4.B
【导语】本文主要讲述了兔子Sally发现快乐土地上有一棵因为没果实而不快乐的树,于是她和家人决定在树下举办生日派对,邀请动物们前来唱歌跳舞,最终让这棵树重新快乐起来的故事。
【详解】1.根据第一段“Rabbit Sally...live on Happy Land...It is a happy place."可知,第一段主要介绍了“Happy Land是一个快乐的家园”。
2.根据第三段“...says the tree. ‘I don’ have fruit. so they all play with other trees.’”可知,动物们不和这棵树玩是“因为它没有果实”。
3.根据上文“Birds stand in the tree and sing beautiful songs. The animals run and dance around the tree.”和前文“The tree laughs.”,鸟儿在树上唱歌,动物们在树下跑跳。树笑了,所以空处需要补充树接下来的相关动作。C项“树叶随着音乐舞动”自然承接上文。
4.本文主要讲述了Sally和家人通过举办派对帮助悲伤的树变得快乐的过程。B项“Rabbit Sally让树开心”既体现了主要人物Sally的努力,也概括了故事的核心结果(树变快乐),是最佳标题。
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