内容正文:
专题03 代词和介词
内容导航
01 复习目标→ 明考向、知权重、晓关联、以目标导学,以考向定标
02 知识重构 → 系统讲解核心知识,重构整合形成体系
脉络重构:快速扫描高频考点,定位薄区
典例破题:精选例题,呈现思路点拨+规范解答+方法提炼
巩固提升:趁热打铁练一练,强化巩固所学
03综合通关 → 综合演练,梯度设题;查漏补缺,闭环收官
知识点
常考考点
命题风向
人称代词
1. 主格作主语;
2. 宾格作宾语;
3. 人称代词的排列顺序。
1. 根据句子成分判断用主格还是宾格;
2. 在语境中正确选用人称代词。
物主代词
1. 形容词性物主代词(+名词);
2. 名词性物主代词(独立使用)。
1. 区分形容词性与名词性物主代词;
2. 语境中判断是否需要接名词。
反身代词
1. 反身代词的构成;
2. 常用搭配(by oneself, enjoy oneself, help oneself)。
1. 考查固定短语中的反身代词;
2. 主语与反身代词的一致性。
指示代词
1. this/these, that/those的用法;
2. 指代远近、上下文的区别。
根据距离或上下文选择正确的指示代词。
不定代词
1. some/any的用法区别;
2. many/much, a few/a little的基本区别。
1. 考查可数/不可数名词前的修饰词;
2. some用于肯定句,any用于否定和疑问句。
介词
1. 时间介词(at, in, on, before, after);
2. 地点介词(in, on, under, behind, next to, between);
3. 方式介词(by, with)。
1. 根据时间/地点场景选择正确介词;
2. 辨析易混介词(如in/on/to方位)。
考情解码:代词和介词是英语中最基础、最活跃的词类。从命题趋势看,代词重点考查主宾格区分、物主代词选择、反身代词固定搭配;介词重点考查时间、地点介词的准确使用。语境化命题是主流,需结合句意和逻辑关系判断。
脉|络|重|构
考|点|精|讲
【课标要求】①正确使用人称代词的主格和宾格(如I/me, he/him等);正确使用形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词(如my/mine, your/yours等);正确使用反身代词(如myself, yourself等);正确使用指示代词(如this, that, these, those);初步掌握常见不定代词(如some/any, many/much, a few/a little)②介词方面,掌握表示时间、地点、方位等的基本介词(如at, in, on, under, behind, next to, between等),并能够在语境中正确选用介词。
知识点一 代词
1.代词定义
代替名词以及名词性短语或句子的词,以避免重复。
例如:I, you, he, she, it, we, they,my, your, his, her, its, our, their等
2.代词分类
代词可以分成:人称代词、物主代词、反身代词、指示代词和不定代词。
◆人称代词
人称代词是指代人或事物的代词,有人称、数和格的变化。
单数
复数
主格
宾格
主格
宾格
第一人称
I
me
we
us
第二人称
you
you
you
you
第三人称
he
him
they
them
she
her
they
them
it
it
they
them
巧学妙记:判定主格/宾格的口诀:动词介词前主格,动词介词后宾格。
注意:
多个人称代词并列时的顺序
单数:你、他/她、我 (you→he/she→I)
复数:我们、你们、他们 (we→you→they)
常用 it的固定句型
(1) It is/ was+形容词/名词短语(+ for sb.) + to do sth. 做某事(对某人来说)…
(2) It is/ was+形容词+ of sb.+ to do sth.某人做某事是······的
(3) It's time for/ to do...到······的时间了
(4) It takes sb. some time to do sth.做某事花费某人多长时间
【典例破题1】
(2025·北京·期中改编) My sister and ______ are going to the park. Would you like to go with ______?
A. me; us B. I; we C. I; us D. me; we
【答案】C
【思路点拨】第一空作主语,用主格I;第二空作介词with的宾语,用宾格us。故选C。
【典例破题2】
(25-26七年级上·四川资阳·期中)________ are good friends, and we are in the same school.
A.You, Tom and I B.Tom, you and I C.You, I and Tom D.I, you and Tom
【答案】A
【思路点拨】句意:我们是好朋友,我们在同一所学校。考查代词顺序。英语中多个代词并列时,顺序通常为第二人称、第三人称、第一人称。选项A“You, Tom and I”符合此顺序。故选A。
【易错警示】
易错点 1: 人称代词的排列顺序:
多人称并列时,I总是放在最后,以示礼貌。
单数:you + he + I(二、三、一)
复数:we + you + they(一、二、三)
You, he and I are in the same class.
We, you and they are all students.
易错点 2:主格和宾格混淆
错误:Me and Tom are good friends.
正确:Tom and I are good friends.(主语用主格I,且把别人放在前面)
错误:My mother loves I very much.
正确:My mother loves me very much.(动词后宾语用宾格me)
易错点 3:人称代词单独使用时的误用
在简略回答中,常用宾格。
例:—Who wants to go? —Me.(口语中常用宾格)
更正式用法:I do.
记忆口决:主格干活用,宾格动作受;并列别人先,I 在最后头;动词介词后,宾格别弄丢。
【巩固提升1】
1.(25-26七年级下·全国·单元测试)________ is important to have healthy eating habits.
A.That B.This C.It D.He
2.(25-26七年级下·全国·暑假作业)Let ________ help you carry the box.
A.I B.me C.my
3.(25-26七年级上·安徽阜阳·期末)Mr. Wang is ________ Chinese teacher. We like ________ very much.
A.our; he B.our; him C.us; his D.us; him
【巩固提升2】
1.(26-27七年级上·全国·单元测试)________ me forty minutes to walk to school every morning.
A.It takes B.I take C.It spends D.I spend
2.(25-26七年级上·甘肃兰州·期中)The books aren’t ________. ________ may be ________ .
A.mine; Their; her B.my; They; her C.mine; They; hers D.my; Them; hers
3.(25-26八年级下·全国·暑假作业)The little cat is cute. I love ________ very much.
A.it B.its C.itself
【巩固提升3】
1.(26-27七年级上·全国·单元测试)Can you help ________ (I) with my math?
2.(26-27七年级上·全国·单元测试)如果你加入我们,你可以交到很多新朋友。
If you ________ ________, you can make many new friends.
3.(24-25七年级上·北京顺义·期中)多好的天气啊!让我们去公园吧。
What a fine day! Let ________ ________ to the park.
◆物主代词
物主代词是表示所有关系的代词,包括形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词。
我的
你的
他(她/它)的
我们的
你们的
他们的
形容词性物主代词
my
your
his/ her/ its
our
your
their
名词性物主代词
mine
yours
his/ hers/ its
ours
yours
theirs
1. 形容词性物主代词
1、形容词性物主代词相当于形容词,置于名词前,用作定语。
2、形容词性物主代词后加 own表示强调,意为“某人自己的”;
在组成“of one’s own”结构时,其后不加名词,只能置于名词后作定语
3、常用的含形容词性物主代词的固定搭配
all one's life一生;终生;lose one's way迷路;in one's mind在某人看来;on one's way 在去往某地的路上
try/ do one's best尽某人最大努力;to one's surprise令某人惊讶的是;with one's help 在某人的帮助下
【典例破题1】(2024·广州·期末) —Is this ______ phone? —No, it’s not ______. My phone is red.
A. your; my B. yours; mine C. your; mine D. yours; my
【答案】C
【思路点拨】 第一空后有名词phone,用形容词性物主代词your;第二空后无名词,用名词性物主代词mine。故选C。
【典例破题2】(25-26七年级下·云南昆明·期中)—Are these ________ beef and carrot dumplings?
—Yes, they are ________. They are made by my mother.
A.your; my B.yours; mine C.your; mine D.yours; my
【答案】C
【思路点拨】句意:——这些是你的牛肉胡萝卜饺子吗?——是的,它们是我的。它们是我妈妈做的。
your你的(形容词性物主代词);yours你的(名词性物主代词);my我的(形容词性物主代词);mine我的(名词性物主代词)。第一空后为名词短语“beef and carrot dumplings”,需用形容词性物主代词修饰,应用your;第二空后无名词,且单独作表语,表示“我的饺子”,需用名词性物主代词,应用mine。
巧学妙记:
形后有名,名后无形:形容词性物主代词后必须接名词;名词性物主代词独立使用,不接名词。
2. 名词性物主代词
1、名词性物主代词起名词的作用,相当于“形容词性物主代词+名词”,不能用于名词之前,常置于系动词、介词和及物动词之后,用作主语、宾语或表语。
2、名词性物主代词与 of连用构成双重所有格,作后置定语。
【典例破题】(25-26七下·云南·阶段检测)—Dad, where are my footballs? How about Peter’s?
—________ are right here. ________ are over there.
A.Yours; His B.Your; His C.Yours; He’s D.Your; Him
【答案】A
【思路点拨】句意:--爸爸,我的足球在哪里?彼得的呢?--你的在这里,他的在那边。yours你的,名词性物主代词,his 他的,名词性物主代词。him是人称代词宾格,he’s是he is的缩写,意为他是。在这个句子中,两个空后面都没有名词,用名词性物主代词。故选A。
记忆口诀:形容词性物主代词(简称“形代”)不能单独使用,后面必须跟一个名词。
名词性物主代词(简称“名代”)可以独立使用,后面绝对不能跟名词。
【易错警示】
易错点1:核心功能混淆
❌ 错误: This is mine book. (mine后面错误地加了名词)
✅ 正确: This is my book. (my + book)
易错点 2:its和it’s混淆
its(它的)和it’s(it is/it has)易混淆。
its是物主代词,it’s是缩写。
易错点 3:指代不明(容易产生歧义)
当一句话中出现两个或以上的“谁的”时,只用“名代”可能会导致指代不明。
例句: Lucy loves her work, and Mary loves hers.
分析: hers 明确指代 Mary‘s work,非常清晰。但如果句子更复杂,就需要警惕。
【巩固提升1】
1.(25-26七年级下·江苏扬州·期中)—Excuse me. Is this ________ new house?
—Yes. It’s ________. Their parents bought it last week.
A.Lily and Lucy’s; theirs
B.Lily’s and Lucy’s; them
C.Lily and Lucy’s; them
D.Lily’s and Lucy’s; their
2.(25-26七年级上·上海闵行·期中)When you only think of yourself, you may lose ________ trust and respect from others.
A.your B.yours C.you D.yourself
3.(25-26七年级下·安徽阜阳·期中)The baseball isn’t mine. It’s ________. My baseball is in the bag.
A.hers B.her C.she D.him
【巩固提升2】
1.(25-26七年级下·四川内江·期中)Are her running shoes black?(改为同义句)
________ the black running shoes ________?
2.(25-26七年级下·广东揭阳·期中)The bike on the right is mine.(对划线部分提问)
________ bike is ________?
3.(25-26七年级下·江苏无锡·期中)One of her friends will have a birthday party next Friday. (改为同义句)
A friend ________ ________ will have a birthday party next Friday.
【巩固提升3】
1.(25-26七年级下·广东东莞·期中)这件T恤是你的吗?不,是她的。
__________________________________
2.(25-26七年级下·广东东莞·期中)——这是你的棒球手套吗?——不,是他的。
_____________________________________________________________________.
3.(24-25七年级上·山东威海·期中)我最喜爱的运动是打篮球。
_________________________________________________________________________
◆反身代词
反身代词是表示反身或强调作用的代词,用于指代某人或者某物本身,表示“我(们)自己”“他(们)/她(们)/它(们)自己”
第一人称
第二人称
第三人称
单数
myself
yourself
himself/ herself/ itself
复数
ourselves
yourselves
themselves
反身代词的固定搭配
by oneself 独自;for oneself 亲自;help oneself 自便;cannot help oneself 情不自禁;teach oneself 自学;
反身代词与所指代的名词或代词形成互指关系,在人称、性质、数上应保持一致
【典例破题】
(2025·南京·期中) —You don’t look well. You should take care of ______. —Thanks. I will.
A. you B. your C. yourself D. yours
【答案】C
【思路点拨】 句意“你应该照顾好你自己”。take care of后接反身代词,主语you对应yourself。故选C。
巧学妙记:反身代词表自己,主语一致要牢记;by/enjoy/help 搭配多,固定短语别搞错;
【易错警示】
易错点1:拼写错误
❌ meself
✅ myself
易错点2:反身代词不能作主语
❌ Myself can finish the work.
✅ I myself can finish the work. / I can finish the work myself.
易错点3:主语与反身代词不一致
反身代词必须与主语的人称和数保持一致。
I can look after myself. 主语I → 反身代词myself
【巩固提升1】
1.(25-26七年级下·海南海口·期中)Tony wasn’t happy because he went to the food festival by ________.
A.he B.him C.himself
2.(25-26七年级下·广东深圳·期中)— Kids, help ________ to some fruit.
— Thank you, Mum! Fresh fruit always makes us feel ________.
A.yourselves; cheerful B.yourself; cheerfully
C.yourselves; cheerfully D.yourself; cheerful
3.(25-26七年级下·广东深圳·期中)Help ________ to some fruit, kids!
A.yourself B.yourselves C.themselves
【巩固提升2】
1.(25-26七年级上·广东江门·期中)Tom, you can introduce y________ when you meet a new friend.
2.(25-26七年级下·江苏苏州·期中)The film ________ (它自己) is wonderful, but it is not suitable (适合) for children.
3.(25-26七年级下·广东江门·期中)He hurt ________ (他自己) when he was playing basketball.
【巩固提升3】
1.(25-26七年级下·天津·期中)他看着镜子,对自己说:“你能做到的。”
He looked in the mirror and ________ to ________, “You can do it.”
2.(24-25七年级上·广东潮州·期中)我们每天都在学校里过得很开心。
We ________ ________ in our school every day.
3.(24-25七年级上·天津河东·期末)有时你必须独自驾驶你的小船。
Sometimes you have to sail your boat ________ ________.
◆指示代词
单数
复数
近指
this
these
远指
that
those
注意:
1、this 和 that有时可用作状语,表示程度,分别意为“这么”和“那么”。
2、this和these指时间或空间上离说话者较近的人/物;that和those指时间或空间上离说话者较远的人/物
3、that和 those可用来指代上文内容,以避免重复
4、在电话用语中,通常用 this指自己,用 that 指对方
【典例破题】(2024·天津·期中) ______ are my new books. Please take ______ to the classroom.
A. This; they B. These; them C. This; them D. These; they
【答案】B
【思路点拨】 第一空后面是复数books,主语用These;第二空作动词take的宾语,用宾格them。故选B。
巧学妙记:this/that 配单数,these/those 接复数;be动词也跟着变,is/are 别弄乱。
【易错警示】
易错点1:指示代词必须与所指名词的单复数保持一致
These are my friends.
易错点2:指代远近区分不清
❌ Look at that picture on my hand.(图在手里,是近处)
✅ Look at this picture on my hand.
❌ This dog over there is mine.(狗在远处)
✅ That dog over there is mine.
易错点3:指代上下文的混淆
指代上文提到过的事情,通常用that。
例:The weather in Beijing is cold. That is why I don't like it.
(that指代前面“北京的天气冷”这件事)
指代下文要讲的事情,通常用this。
例:Let me tell you this: hard work leads to success.
(this指代后面要说的内容)
易错点4:打电话时的特殊用法(必考!)
介绍自己:This is + 名字(不说I am)
✅ This is Lily speaking.
❌ I am Lily.
询问对方:Is that + 名字?(不说Are you)
✅ Is that Tom?
❌ Are you Tom?
问对方是谁:Who is that?(不说Who are you?)
【巩固提升1】
1.(25-26七年级上·四川阿坝·期中)—Eric, are ________ two boys your brothers?
—Yes, ________ my brothers, Alan and Mike.
A.these; they B.they; they’re C.those; they’re
2.(25-26七年级上·四川宜宾·期中)—Cathy, ________ is Linda.
—Nice to meet you!
A.this B.that C.she
3.(25-26七年级上·黑龙江哈尔滨·期中)—What’s this?
—________.
A.This is “M”. B.This is my book. C.It’s “M”.
【巩固提升2】
1.25-26七年级上·广东东莞·期中)________ (那些) pencils are mine. Can you pass them to me?
2.(23-24七年级上·浙江杭州·期中)—What’s that in English?
— ________ is a 3D TV.
3.(23-24七年级上·广西贵港·期中)—Are those Ms. Green’s books?(作否定回答)
—No, ______ ______.
【巩固提升3】
1.This is a beautiful bird. (改成复数)
________ are beautiful ________.
2.There are some photos on the wall. (改成否定句)
There ________ ________ photos on the wall.
3.On our teacher’s desk is a computer. (就画线部分提问)
________ ________ on your teacher’s desk?
◆不定代词
不定代词是指不明确指代某个人、某些人、某个事物或某些事物的代词。
some和any 的用法
1、some意为“一些,几个”,通常用于肯定句中;any意为“一些,任何”,通常用于否定句和疑问句中。但在表示请求、建议,并期望得到对方的肯定回答时,通常用 some而不用 any
2、any也可用于肯定句中,与可数名词单数连用,意为“任一”
3、在否定句中,some表示部分否定,any表示全部否定
4、由 some和 any构成的合成词的用法
somebody= someone某人
something 某物/某事
anybody= anyone任何人
anything 任何事/任何东西
注意:
(1) something 和 anything 有形容词修饰时,形容词要置于其后
(2) something 和 anything 作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式
many 和 much 的用法
1、 many 和 much都表示“许多,大量”,在句中可作主语、宾语、定语等。many修饰可数名词,作主语
时,谓语动词用复数;much修饰不可数名词,作主语时,谓语动词用单数
2、 more 是 many和 much 的比较级,意为“较多的,更多的”; most是many和 much的最高级,意为“大多
数的,最多的”
3、too many和 too much都表示“太多”, too many修饰可数名词复数,too much修饰不可数名词
4、too much 和 much too都用来表达过度的意思, too much意为“太多”, much too 意为“太……”
5、many of 和 much of都表示“许多……”, many of后接可数名词复数,much of后接不可数名词
few,a few, little和 a little的用法
代词
含义
句法功能
用法
few
很少,几乎没有
主语、宾语、表语或定语
修饰或代替可数名词复数
a few
有几个
little
很少,几乎没有
主语、宾语、表语、定语或状语
修饰或代替不可数名词
a little
有一点儿
【典例破题】(2025·杭州·期末) There are only ______ apples at home. Let’s buy some.
A. a few B. few C. a little D. little
【答案】B
【思路点拨】apples是可数名词,排除C、D。句意“只有很少几个苹果,我们去买一些吧”,表示否定含义,用few。a few表示“有几个”,与后文买一些矛盾。故选B。
【易错警示】
易错点1:some 与 any 的用法混淆
❌ I don't have some water.
✅ I don't have any water.(否定句用any)
❌ Would you like any coffee?(期待对方说“要”时)
✅ Would you like some coffee?(表建议,期待肯定回答)
易错点2:many / much / a lot of 分不清
❌ I have much apples.
✅ I have many apples.(apples为可数名词复数,用many)
易错点3: few / a few / little / a little 混淆
❌ I have a little friends.
✅ I have a few friends.(friends可数,用a few)
【巩固提升1】
1.(25-26七年级下·湖北襄阳·期中)—There is ________ meat in the fridge, so we need to buy some.
—But we have ________ eggs and vegetables. We can cook egg soup first.
A.little; a few B.little; few C.few; a little D.a few; little
2.(25-26七年级下·天津滨海新区·期中)—Is there ________ in the box?
—No, it’s empty. There is ________ in it.
A.anything; nothing B.something; anything C.everything; nothing D.anything; everything
3.(24-25七年级上·江苏南京·期中)—Can you give me ________ paper, please?
—Sorry, I don’t have ________.
A.some; some B.any; any C.some; any D.any; some
【巩固提升2】
1.(25-26七年级下·甘肃定西·期中)There isn’t ________ (someone) in the classroom.
2.(24-25七年级下·江苏无锡·阶段检测)When spring comes, ________ (万物) begins to grow.
3.(25-26七年级下·山东济宁·期中)He is unfriendly, so he has _______ (很少的) friends here.
【巩固提升3】
1.(25-26七年级下·辽宁锦州·期中)这个女孩儿有几个问题要问老师。
The girl has ________ ________ questions to ask the teacher.
2(25-26七年级下·福建福州·期中)We need a little rice. (对划线部分提问)
________ ________ rice do you need?
3.(25-26七年级下·福建福州·期中)There are no shops at the end of Xueyuan Road. (改为同义句)
There ________ ________ shops at the end of Xueyuan Road.
知识点二 介词
◆时间介词
介词
用法
示例
in
in+世纪/年/季节/月
in the 21st century in 2026
in spring in March
表示在上午/下午/晚上
in the morning/afternoon/evening
in+一段时间,表示“……(多久)以后”
They will finish the work in an hour.
on
on+日期/星期几/含有Day的节日
on June 2nd on Friday
on Children's Day
on+特定某一天的上午/下午/晚上
on Sunday afternoon
at
at+具体的时刻
at seven o'clock at a quarter to one
与年龄、三餐、正午、夜晚、一些节日等搭配
at the age of five at breakfast
at noon/night
巧学妙记:at用于节假日前,常指在整个节假日期间;on 常指在节假日当天。
【典例破题】
(25-26七年级下·黑龙江佳木斯·期中)—When is the school trip? —It’s ________ June 15th.
A.in B.on C.at D.for
【答案】B
【思路点拨】句意:——学校旅行是什么时候?——是在 6月15日。
in在,用于年、月、季节等;on在,用于具体某一天或日期;at在,用于具体时刻;for为了,用于时间段。根据“June 15th”可知是具体的日期,应用介词on。
【易错警示】
易错点1:in the morning / on the morning 不分
in the morning:泛指“在早上”
I read English in the morning.
on + 修饰词 + morning:特指某一天的早上
I met her on a rainy morning.
We have a test on the morning of May 1st.
易错点 2:星期几到底用 on 还是 in?
❌ I play football in Monday.
✅ I play football on Monday.
易错点 3:时间介词省略的情况
特定词前不加介词:this / next / last / every 修饰时间时,不加介词。
【巩固提升1】
1.(25-26七年级上·安徽马鞍山·期中)—What time do you have dinner?
— ________ 5:15 ________ the afternoon.
A.In, at B.On, in C.From, at D.At, in
2.(24-25七年级上·江苏南京·期中)We often play football ________ Sunday afternoon. They often meet ________ 3:30 p.m.
A.in; in B.on; in C.in; at D.on; at
【巩固提升2】
1.(25-26七年级上·北京通州·期中)I usually go to the library with my friends ________ 4:30 p.m.(使用恰当的介词填空)
2.(22-23七年级下·湖南永州·期中)I visit my grandparents _________ Saturday mornings.
3.(20-21七年级下·吉林·期中)Betty gets up at half ________ six in the morning every day.
【巩固提升3】
1.(24-25七年级上·江苏南京·期中)老师们星期四开会。
Teachers have meetings ________.
2.(24-25七年级下·贵州黔东南·期中)他在早上7:15乘公共汽车去上学。
He goes ________ school by bus ________ 7:15 a.m.
3.(21-22七年级下·广东江门·期中)我是在11月份出生的。
I was born ________ ________.
◆地点介词
1.表示地理位置的 in、on、at和to
介词
图解及用法
例句
in
某一小地点在另一大地点范围之内;
Yunnan is in the southwest of China.
on
指两地接壤
Hubei is on the north of Hunan.
to
指两地不接壤
Japan lies to the east of China.
3. 表示方位的介词
介词
含义与用法
例句
on
表示在某物的表面上,且相互接触
There is a plate on the table.
above
表示在某物上方,但不必在其垂直上方,不接触
Raise your arms above your head.
over
表示在某物的垂直上方,不接触
There is a bridge over the river.
under
表示在某物的垂直下方,不接触
The ball is under the table.
below
表示在某物的下方,但不必在其垂直下方,且不接触
Our apartment is below theirs.
in front of
表示在某物的前面,并且在其外面
There are some trees in front of the classroom.
in the front of
表示在某物内部的前面
There's a teacher's deskin the front of the classroom.
behind
表示在某物的后面
There is a bank behind the post office.
between
表示在两者之间,常与and连用
Maria sits between Lucy and Lily.
among
表示在三者或三者以上之间
Miss Wang stands among her students.
near
表示“在……附近”
After the accident, her friend sat next to/beside/by/near her all night.
next to
表示“紧邻;在……近旁”
by
表示“靠近;在……旁边”
beside
表示“在……旁边/附近”
against
表示“紧靠;倚”
Put the bike against the wall.
across
指从事物表面的一边到另一边,用于表示横穿马路、过桥、过河等
He can swim across the river.
through
指从事物的内部通过
She had to push her way through the crowd to get to her son.
【典例破题】
(25-26七年级下·四川自贡·期中)The pay phone is ________ Green Street and it’s across ________ the library.
A.in; to B.at; through C.on; from
【答案】C
【详解】句意:这个公用电话在格林街上,它在图书馆的对面。
in在……里面;to不存在across to表示“在某物对面”的方位搭配;at一般用于修饰具体的小地点(比如具体门牌号、某个站点);through通过,没有across through的短语搭配;on在……上面;from从……、来自,across from表示“在……对面”。此处表示在具体的街道路面上常用介词on;across from为固定短语,意为“在……对面”。应填on; from。
【易错警示】
易错点1:in / on / to 方位混淆
❌ Taiwan is on the southeast of China.(台湾属于中国范围内)
✅ Taiwan is in the southeast of China.
❌ China is to the north of Asia.(中国属于亚洲范围内)
✅ China is in the north of Asia.
✅ China is to the north of Vietnam.(越南在中国范围外,接壤)
易错点2:at / in 表示地点时的混淆
at小地点,in大范围;at点状位置,in内部空间。
表示在某一点位置(小地点、具体场所) at the bus stop; at home; at the door; at the cinema
表示在某一范围或空间内部(大地点、大区域) in the room; in Beijing; in China
易错点3:in front of / in the front of 混淆
在……外部的前面 There is a tree in front of the classroom.(树在教室外面)
在……内部的前部 The teacher sits in the front of the classroom.(老师在教室里面的前面)
◆方式介词
介词
用法
例句
by
通过某种方式、方法或手段。
Mary learns English by watching movies.
with
用某种工具或手段。
I cut the apple with a knife.
in
用某种方式、形式或语言。
He wrote the story in English.
through
通过某种途径、过程或媒介。
A lot of people spread Chinese culture to the whole world through videos.
【典例破题】
(25-26七年级下·四川自贡·期中)The pay phone is ________ Green Street and it’s across ________ the library.
A.in; to B.at; through C.on; from
【答案】C
【详解】句意:这个公用电话在格林街上,它在图书馆的对面。
in在……里面;to不存在across to表示“在某物对面”的方位搭配;at一般用于修饰具体的小地点(比如具体门牌号、某个站点);through通过,没有across through的短语搭配;on在……上面;from从……、来自,across from表示“在……对面”。此处表示在具体的街道路面上常用介词on;across from为固定短语,意为“在……对面”。应填on; from。
巧学妙记:in内on上under下,above高于over正;
无the外部前,有the内部前部;
between两者间,among三以上;
横表across穿through,树下果实on,外来in。
【巩固提升1】
1.(25-26七年级下·江苏扬州·期中)—Look! I just can’t do this movement perfectly! What should I do?
—Well, in Dunhuang dance, this part needs you to lift your hands ________ your head.
A.across B.under C.between D.above
2.(24-25七年级上·北京顺义·期中)—I want to plant an apple tree ________ the house.
—That’s a great idea.
A.in B.in the front of C.in front of D.between
3.(24-25七年级上·北京顺义·期中)—I want to plant an apple tree ________ the house.
—That’s a great idea.
A.in B.in the front of C.in front of D.between
【巩固提升2】
1.(25-26七年级下·江苏扬州·期中)—Look! I just can’t do this movement perfectly! What should I do?
—Well, in Dunhuang dance, this part needs you to lift your hands ________ your head.
A.across B.under C.between D.above
2.(25-26七年级下·江苏常州·期中)When we climb to the top (顶) of Mao Mountain, we can enjoy the beautiful view ________ us.
A.between B.over C.above D.below
3.(25-26七年级下·江苏泰州·期中)—Nancy lives ________ the fifth floor. What about you, Amy?
—My flat is ________ hers. I live on the tenth floor.
A.in; over B.on; on C.in; beside D.on; above
【巩固提升3】
1.(25-26七年级下·山东济宁·期中)There is a big tree ________ (在……中间) the four houses.
2.(25-26七年级下·云南昭通·期中)Go ________ the bridge, and you’ll see the bus stop on your left. (cross)
3.(25-26七年级下·江苏无锡·期中)It’s very cold in Harbin in winter. The temperature (温度) is usually ________ (在下面) -10℃.
4.(25-26七年级上·云南昆明·期中)There is a teahouse ___________ my school where tourists like to sit and drink Pu’er tea. (在……旁边)
一、单项选择
1.(25-26七年级下·甘肃平凉·期中)—Mum, where is ________ rope? And Emma’s? We’ll go out and jump rope.
—Yours is right here. ________ is in her room.
A.your; She B.my; She C.my; Hers D.your; Hers
2.(24-25七年级上·北京顺义·期中)Hi! This is ________ new teacher. ________ name is Linda.
A.your; She’s B.his; Your C.your; Her D.her; He’s
3.(25-26七年级下·山东威海·期中)—When do you usually get up ________ Saturday mornings?
—At 8:00. I can sleep a little later.
A.on B.in C.at
4.(25-26七年级下·江苏无锡·期中)—Why do you need a ladder to take the photo?
—Because all the cherry blossoms are a meter ________ my head.
A.on B.over C.above D.below
5.(25-26七年级下·福建漳州·期中)—Excuse me, where is the bank?
—Go ________ the bridge and you can see it on your right.
A.through B.across C.past
二、用所给单词的适当形式填空
1.(25-26七年级下·四川眉山·期中)The badminton racket is not Tom’s. It is m________.
2.(25-26七年级下·甘肃兰州·期中)They may forget their parents’ birthdays and only remember ________ (their).
3.(25-26七年级上·江苏宿迁·期中)We can develop team spirit ________ (通过) teamwork like football and basketball.
4.(25-26七年级下·福建漳州·期中)The restaurant is ________ the bank ________ (在……和……之间) the hotel.
5.(25-26七年级下·安徽淮南·期中)It t________ (花费) me 25 minutes to walk to the supermarket. It’s a little far.
三、语法选择
(24-25七年级上·陕西西安·阶段检测)阅读下面短文,按照句子结构的语法性和上下文连贯的要求,从各小题的四个选项中选出一个最佳答案,使短文连贯完整。
I’m happy to be a student in Gaoxin No. 1 Middle School. Here I have 1 excellent English teacher, Ms Lee. She often tells 2 that English is very important in the world. She teaches very 3 and helps me a lot. In class she always gives us much time to speak English 4 she thinks practice makes perfect. At first I cannot understand a word or say a sentence, but now I find English isn’t so difficult. I can even 5 with my classmates in English. Also we have an oral English teacher from 6 country, Mrs Black. They’re different 7 each other, but both of them are very kind. Mrs Black’s classes are 8 , too. Sometimes she teaches us a little 9 after class because she once lived in France for two years and she can speak the language. On Thursday afternoon, she spends time with us 10 exercise in our gym after school. We feel very lucky to have these two teachers. I’m sure we’ll study better and better.
1.A.the B.an C./ D.a
2.A.we B.us C.our D.ours
3.A.good B.great C.well D.best
4.A.because B.and C.so D.but
5.A.speak B.tell C.talk D.say
6.A.another B.other C.the other D.others
7.A.with B.of C.about D.from
8.A.interested B.interests C.interesting D.interest
9.A.Chinese B.France C.French D.China
10.A.do B.doing C.to do D.does
四、语法填空
(24-25七年级上·河北唐山·阶段检测)阅读下面短文,在空白处填入一个适当的单词(有提示词的,填入所给单词的正确形式)
When do you go to bed every night? Some 1 (student) often go to bed late. They like watching TV or playing computer games at night. A survey shows that many students can’t get nine hours of sleep a night. They often feel sleepy at school 2 they don’t have enough sleep.
In Scotland, some schools have 3 new subject — sleep. Hilltop School is the fifth school to have this. The teachers there teach students how to sleep 4 (good). Many students like it. They think it’s good for 5 (they) health and study. Victor is a 15-year-old boy from Hilltop School, and he 6 (think) it’s good to have this new subject, too. He says, “I go to bed 7 9:30 every night. The next day, I usually get up 8 (早早地) and then do some 9 (read). I can have 10 ( many) than eight hours’ sleep. I feel really great!”
五、任务型阅读
(25-26七年级上·湖南长沙·月考)读下面短文,根据短文内容回答问题。
Meituan and Taobao Flash Buy (闪购) are two popular apps (软件) in China. They are trying to win the market. In 2025, they spent a lot of money on subsidies (补贴) and delivery improvement. Taobao Flash Buy changed its name from Eleme. It worked with Taobao and got more orders—its daily orders reached 120 million in August. Meituan has over 5,000 new warehouses (仓库) to send goods faster now.
But takeout (外卖) has problems. It’s not healthy to eat it for too long. People will get ill because it’s high in oil and salt, and has little fiber (纤维). So more families start cooking at home. Cooking is good for kids. It not only teaches life skills and helps you understand parents’ hard work, but also ensures food safety. In Germany, schools have “public kitchens” for kids to learn to cook. They make pasta and salad there. Pupils (中小学生) in Japan can also grow vegetables and feed the pigs by themselves, they can eat the fresh vegetables and safe meat. The dishes have a little salt and oil, and have more fiber.
Can you cook meals by yourselves? Do you think learning to cook is necessary?
1.What did Taobao Flash Buy use to be called?
2.How many new warehouses does Meituan have?
3.Why is takeout bad for health if you eat it for too long?
4.Does learning to cook help kids and pupils?
5.What do you think of the ways to ensure food safety in Japan and Germany?
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专题03 代词和介词
内容导航
01 复习目标→ 明考向、知权重、晓关联、以目标导学,以考向定标
02 知识重构 → 系统讲解核心知识,重构整合形成体系
脉络重构:快速扫描高频考点,定位薄区
典例破题:精选例题,呈现思路点拨+规范解答+方法提炼
巩固提升:趁热打铁练一练,强化巩固所学
03综合通关 → 综合演练,梯度设题;查漏补缺,闭环收官
知识点
常考考点
命题风向
人称代词
1. 主格作主语;
2. 宾格作宾语;
3. 人称代词的排列顺序。
1. 根据句子成分判断用主格还是宾格;
2. 在语境中正确选用人称代词。
物主代词
1. 形容词性物主代词(+名词);
2. 名词性物主代词(独立使用)。
1. 区分形容词性与名词性物主代词;
2. 语境中判断是否需要接名词。
反身代词
1. 反身代词的构成;
2. 常用搭配(by oneself, enjoy oneself, help oneself)。
1. 考查固定短语中的反身代词;
2. 主语与反身代词的一致性。
指示代词
1. this/these, that/those的用法;
2. 指代远近、上下文的区别。
根据距离或上下文选择正确的指示代词。
不定代词
1. some/any的用法区别;
2. many/much, a few/a little的基本区别。
1. 考查可数/不可数名词前的修饰词;
2. some用于肯定句,any用于否定和疑问句。
介词
1. 时间介词(at, in, on, before, after);
2. 地点介词(in, on, under, behind, next to, between);
3. 方式介词(by, with)。
1. 根据时间/地点场景选择正确介词;
2. 辨析易混介词(如in/on/to方位)。
考情解码:代词和介词是英语中最基础、最活跃的词类。从命题趋势看,代词重点考查主宾格区分、物主代词选择、反身代词固定搭配;介词重点考查时间、地点介词的准确使用。语境化命题是主流,需结合句意和逻辑关系判断。
脉|络|重|构
考|点|精|讲
【课标要求】①正确使用人称代词的主格和宾格(如I/me, he/him等);正确使用形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词(如my/mine, your/yours等);正确使用反身代词(如myself, yourself等);正确使用指示代词(如this, that, these, those);初步掌握常见不定代词(如some/any, many/much, a few/a little)②介词方面,掌握表示时间、地点、方位等的基本介词(如at, in, on, under, behind, next to, between等),并能够在语境中正确选用介词。
知识点一 代词
1.代词定义
代替名词以及名词性短语或句子的词,以避免重复。
例如:I, you, he, she, it, we, they,my, your, his, her, its, our, their等
2.代词分类
代词可以分成:人称代词、物主代词、反身代词、指示代词和不定代词。
◆人称代词
人称代词是指代人或事物的代词,有人称、数和格的变化。
单数
复数
主格
宾格
主格
宾格
第一人称
I
me
we
us
第二人称
you
you
you
you
第三人称
he
him
they
them
she
her
they
them
it
it
they
them
巧学妙记:判定主格/宾格的口诀:动词介词前主格,动词介词后宾格。
注意:
多个人称代词并列时的顺序
单数:你、他/她、我 (you→he/she→I)
复数:我们、你们、他们 (we→you→they)
常用 it的固定句型
(1) It is/ was+形容词/名词短语(+ for sb.) + to do sth. 做某事(对某人来说)…
(2) It is/ was+形容词+ of sb.+ to do sth.某人做某事是······的
(3) It's time for/ to do...到······的时间了
(4) It takes sb. some time to do sth.做某事花费某人多长时间
【典例破题1】
(2025·北京·期中改编) My sister and ______ are going to the park. Would you like to go with ______?
A. me; us B. I; we C. I; us D. me; we
【答案】C
【思路点拨】第一空作主语,用主格I;第二空作介词with的宾语,用宾格us。故选C。
【典例破题2】
(25-26七年级上·四川资阳·期中)________ are good friends, and we are in the same school.
A.You, Tom and I B.Tom, you and I C.You, I and Tom D.I, you and Tom
【答案】A
【思路点拨】句意:我们是好朋友,我们在同一所学校。考查代词顺序。英语中多个代词并列时,顺序通常为第二人称、第三人称、第一人称。选项A“You, Tom and I”符合此顺序。故选A。
【易错警示】
易错点 1: 人称代词的排列顺序:
多人称并列时,I总是放在最后,以示礼貌。
单数:you + he + I(二、三、一)
复数:we + you + they(一、二、三)
You, he and I are in the same class.
We, you and they are all students.
易错点 2:主格和宾格混淆
错误:Me and Tom are good friends.
正确:Tom and I are good friends.(主语用主格I,且把别人放在前面)
错误:My mother loves I very much.
正确:My mother loves me very much.(动词后宾语用宾格me)
易错点 3:人称代词单独使用时的误用
在简略回答中,常用宾格。
例:—Who wants to go? —Me.(口语中常用宾格)
更正式用法:I do.
记忆口决:主格干活用,宾格动作受;并列别人先,I 在最后头;动词介词后,宾格别弄丢。
【巩固提升1】
1.(25-26七年级下·全国·单元测试)________ is important to have healthy eating habits.
A.That B.This C.It D.He
【答案】C
【详解】句意:拥有健康的饮食习惯很重要。
That那/那个;This这个;It它 (可作形式主语);He他。固定句型“It is + 形容词 + to do sth.”,其中it作形式主语,真正的主语是后面的不定式短语。应填“It”。
2.(25-26七年级下·全国·暑假作业)Let ________ help you carry the box.
A.I B.me C.my
【答案】B
【详解】句意:让我帮你搬箱子。
I我,主格;me我,宾格;my我的,形容词性物主代词。let后面要接人称代词宾格,me是I的宾格。
3.(25-26七年级上·安徽阜阳·期末)Mr. Wang is ________ Chinese teacher. We like ________ very much.
A.our; he B.our; him C.us; his D.us; him
【答案】B
【详解】句意:Mr. Wang是我们的语文老师。我们非常喜欢他。
第一空修饰名词“Chinese teacher”,需用形容词性物主代词our“我们的”;第二空在动词“like”后作宾语,需用宾格形式,指代男性用him。
【巩固提升2】
1.(26-27七年级上·全国·单元测试)________ me forty minutes to walk to school every morning.
A.It takes B.I take C.It spends D.I spend
【答案】A
【详解】句意:我每天早上步行去上学要花费四十分钟。
take花;spend花。表示“做某事花费某人多长时间”要用固定句型It takes sb.+时间+to do sth。It作形式主语,真正主语是后面的动词不定式to walk to school;spend的主语必须是人,固定表达spend time doing sth.“花时间做某事”,本句结构是“...me forty minutes to walk...”,不搭配spend。It takes符合题意。
2.(25-26七年级上·甘肃兰州·期中)The books aren’t ________. ________ may be ________ .
A.mine; Their; her B.my; They; her C.mine; They; hers D.my; Them; hers
【答案】C
【详解】句意:这些书不是我的。它们可能是她的。
mine我的(名词性物主代词);my我的(形容词性物主代词);They它们(主格);Their它们的(形容词性物主代词);hers她的(名词性物主代词);her她的(形容词性物主代词/宾格)。第一空后无名词,作表语,应用名词性物主代词mine;第二空在句中作主语,指代复数books,应用主格They;第三空后无名词,作表语,应用名词性物主代词hers。
3.(25-26八年级下·全国·暑假作业)The little cat is cute. I love ________ very much.
A.it B.its C.itself
【答案】A
【详解】句意:这只小猫很可爱,我非常喜欢它。
it“它”,指代前文的“the little cat”,人称代词宾格,作动词 love的宾语;its“它的”,形容词性/名词性物主代词,后面要接名词;itself“它自己”,反身代词,逻辑不通,应填it。
【巩固提升3】
1.(26-27七年级上·全国·单元测试)Can you help ________ (I) with my math?
【答案】me
【详解】句意:你能帮我学数学吗?句中“help”为及物动词,后面需要跟人称代词的宾格形式作宾语,I的宾格形式是me。
2.(26-27七年级上·全国·单元测试)如果你加入我们,你可以交到很多新朋友。
If you ________ ________, you can make many new friends.
【答案】 join us
【详解】原句中“加入我们”是关键词。join sb.表示“加入某人”,是固定搭配。if引导的条件状语从句遵循“主情从现”规则,主句含情态动词can,从句用一般现在时,从句主语为you,谓语动词用原形join。人称代词作动词宾语需用宾格形式,“我们”用us。
3.(24-25七年级上·北京顺义·期中)多好的天气啊!让我们去公园吧。
What a fine day! Let ________ ________ to the park.
【答案】 us go
【详解】原句中“我们”和“去”是关键词,let sb. do sth.为固定句型,意为“让某人做某事”,let后需接人称代词宾格,“我们”的宾格形式是us,“去”用动词原形go。
◆物主代词
物主代词是表示所有关系的代词,包括形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词。
我的
你的
他(她/它)的
我们的
你们的
他们的
形容词性物主代词
my
your
his/ her/ its
our
your
their
名词性物主代词
mine
yours
his/ hers/ its
ours
yours
theirs
1. 形容词性物主代词
1、形容词性物主代词相当于形容词,置于名词前,用作定语。
2、形容词性物主代词后加 own表示强调,意为“某人自己的”;
在组成“of one’s own”结构时,其后不加名词,只能置于名词后作定语
3、常用的含形容词性物主代词的固定搭配
all one's life一生;终生;lose one's way迷路;in one's mind在某人看来;on one's way 在去往某地的路上
try/ do one's best尽某人最大努力;to one's surprise令某人惊讶的是;with one's help 在某人的帮助下
【典例破题1】(2024·广州·期末) —Is this ______ phone? —No, it’s not ______. My phone is red.
A. your; my B. yours; mine C. your; mine D. yours; my
【答案】C
【思路点拨】 第一空后有名词phone,用形容词性物主代词your;第二空后无名词,用名词性物主代词mine。故选C。
【典例破题2】(25-26七年级下·云南昆明·期中)—Are these ________ beef and carrot dumplings?
—Yes, they are ________. They are made by my mother.
A.your; my B.yours; mine C.your; mine D.yours; my
【答案】C
【思路点拨】句意:——这些是你的牛肉胡萝卜饺子吗?——是的,它们是我的。它们是我妈妈做的。
your你的(形容词性物主代词);yours你的(名词性物主代词);my我的(形容词性物主代词);mine我的(名词性物主代词)。第一空后为名词短语“beef and carrot dumplings”,需用形容词性物主代词修饰,应用your;第二空后无名词,且单独作表语,表示“我的饺子”,需用名词性物主代词,应用mine。
巧学妙记:
形后有名,名后无形:形容词性物主代词后必须接名词;名词性物主代词独立使用,不接名词。
2. 名词性物主代词
1、名词性物主代词起名词的作用,相当于“形容词性物主代词+名词”,不能用于名词之前,常置于系动词、介词和及物动词之后,用作主语、宾语或表语。
2、名词性物主代词与 of连用构成双重所有格,作后置定语。
【典例破题】(25-26七下·云南·阶段检测)—Dad, where are my footballs? How about Peter’s?
—________ are right here. ________ are over there.
A.Yours; His B.Your; His C.Yours; He’s D.Your; Him
【答案】A
【思路点拨】句意:--爸爸,我的足球在哪里?彼得的呢?--你的在这里,他的在那边。yours你的,名词性物主代词,his 他的,名词性物主代词。him是人称代词宾格,he’s是he is的缩写,意为他是。在这个句子中,两个空后面都没有名词,用名词性物主代词。故选A。
记忆口诀:形容词性物主代词(简称“形代”)不能单独使用,后面必须跟一个名词。
名词性物主代词(简称“名代”)可以独立使用,后面绝对不能跟名词。
【易错警示】
易错点1:核心功能混淆
❌ 错误: This is mine book. (mine后面错误地加了名词)
✅ 正确: This is my book. (my + book)
易错点 2:its和it’s混淆
its(它的)和it’s(it is/it has)易混淆。
its是物主代词,it’s是缩写。
易错点 3:指代不明(容易产生歧义)
当一句话中出现两个或以上的“谁的”时,只用“名代”可能会导致指代不明。
例句: Lucy loves her work, and Mary loves hers.
分析: hers 明确指代 Mary‘s work,非常清晰。但如果句子更复杂,就需要警惕。
【巩固提升1】
1.(25-26七年级下·江苏扬州·期中)—Excuse me. Is this ________ new house?
—Yes. It’s ________. Their parents bought it last week.
A.Lily and Lucy’s; theirs
B.Lily’s and Lucy’s; them
C.Lily and Lucy’s; them
D.Lily’s and Lucy’s; their
【答案】A
【详解】句意:——打扰一下。这是莉莉和露西的新房子吗?——是的。这是她们的房子。她们的父母上周买的。
Lily and Lucy’s莉莉和露西的;Lily’s and Lucy’s莉莉的和路西的;theirs她们的,名词性物主代词;them她们,宾格;their她们的,形容词性物主代词。第一空:根据“house”为单数,可知是两人共同拥有,在第二个人名后加’s,用Lily and Lucy’s;第二空:指代“她们的房子”,空后无名词,用名词性物主代词theirs。
2.(25-26七年级上·上海闵行·期中)When you only think of yourself, you may lose ________ trust and respect from others.
A.your B.yours C.you D.yourself
【答案】A
【详解】句意:当你只考虑自己的时候,你可能会失去别人对你的信任和尊重。
your你的;yours你的东西;you你;yourself你自己。此处需要用形容词性物主代词来修饰名词短语trust and respect。your是形容词性物主代词,意为“你的”,符合句意。
3.(25-26七年级下·安徽阜阳·期中)The baseball isn’t mine. It’s ________. My baseball is in the bag.
A.hers B.her C.she D.him
【答案】A
【详解】句意:这个棒球不是我的。它是她的。我的棒球在包里。
hers她的(名词性物主代词);her她的(形容词性物主代词);she她(主格);him他(宾格)。根据“It’s ________.”可知空后没有名词,需用名词性物主代词hers相当于her baseball,在句中作表语。
【巩固提升2】
1.(25-26七年级下·四川内江·期中)Are her running shoes black?(改为同义句)
________ the black running shoes ________?
【答案】 Are hers
【详解】句意:她的跑鞋是黑色的吗?改为同义句,需转换物主代词形式。原句中“her running shoes”表示“她的跑鞋”,可用名词性物主代词“hers”直接指代;句子主语“the black running shoes”为复数,句首的be动词用 Are。
2.(25-26七年级下·广东揭阳·期中)The bike on the right is mine.(对划线部分提问)
________ bike is ________?
【答案】 Which yours
【详解】划线部分on the right作后置定语,修饰the bike,表示“右边的自行车”,因此提问“哪一辆”用疑问词Which;原句名词性物主代词mine(我的),在问句中对应变为yours(你的)。
3.(25-26七年级下·江苏无锡·期中)One of her friends will have a birthday party next Friday. (改为同义句)
A friend ________ ________ will have a birthday party next Friday.
【答案】 of hers
【详解】句意:她的一个朋友下周五将举办一场生日派对。原句“One of her friends”表示“她的朋友之一”,同义转换需使用双重所有格结构“A friend of hers”,其中“of”用于构成所属关系,“hers”为名词性物主代词,指代“her friends”,故填of;hers。
【巩固提升3】
1.(25-26七年级下·广东东莞·期中)这件T恤是你的吗?不,是她的。
__________________________________
【答案】Is this T-shirt yours? No, it’s hers.
【详解】“这件 T 恤是你的吗?不,是她的。”译为Is this T-shirt yours? No, it’s hers.“这件 T 恤”用this T-shirt表示;“你的”此处作表语,用名词性物主代词yours;“她的” 此处作表语,用名词性物主代词hers。
2.(25-26七年级下·广东东莞·期中)——这是你的棒球手套吗?——不,是他的。
_____________________________________________________________________.
【答案】—Is this your baseball glove? —No, it’s his
【详解】“——这是你的棒球手套吗?——不,是他的”译为“—Is this your baseball glove? —No, it’s his”。“这是……吗?”用一般疑问句结构“Is this...?”表示,“你的棒球手套”用形容词性物主代词your修饰名词短语baseball glove表示;答句中“不”用No表示,“是他的”用it’s his表示,其中it’s是it is的缩写,it指代问句中的棒球手套,is为系动词,his是名词性物主代词,在此处等同于his baseball glove,避免了名词重复。
3.(24-25七年级上·山东威海·期中)我最喜爱的运动是打篮球。
_________________________________________________________________________
【答案】My favorite sport is playing basketball.
【详解】该句陈述事实,时态为一般现在时,my favorite sport“我最喜爱的运动”,作主语,位于句首,首字母大写;is“是”,系动词,用于主语是第三人称单数的情况;play basketball“打篮球”,此处是作表语,说明主语的内容,应用动名词形式。故填My favorite sport is playing basketball.
◆反身代词
反身代词是表示反身或强调作用的代词,用于指代某人或者某物本身,表示“我(们)自己”“他(们)/她(们)/它(们)自己”
第一人称
第二人称
第三人称
单数
myself
yourself
himself/ herself/ itself
复数
ourselves
yourselves
themselves
反身代词的固定搭配
by oneself 独自;for oneself 亲自;help oneself 自便;cannot help oneself 情不自禁;teach oneself 自学;
反身代词与所指代的名词或代词形成互指关系,在人称、性质、数上应保持一致
【典例破题】
(2025·南京·期中) —You don’t look well. You should take care of ______. —Thanks. I will.
A. you B. your C. yourself D. yours
【答案】C
【思路点拨】 句意“你应该照顾好你自己”。take care of后接反身代词,主语you对应yourself。故选C。
巧学妙记:反身代词表自己,主语一致要牢记;by/enjoy/help 搭配多,固定短语别搞错;
【易错警示】
易错点1:拼写错误
❌ meself
✅ myself
易错点2:反身代词不能作主语
❌ Myself can finish the work.
✅ I myself can finish the work. / I can finish the work myself.
易错点3:主语与反身代词不一致
反身代词必须与主语的人称和数保持一致。
I can look after myself. 主语I → 反身代词myself
【巩固提升1】
1.(25-26七年级下·海南海口·期中)Tony wasn’t happy because he went to the food festival by ________.
A.he B.him C.himself
【答案】C
【详解】句意:托尼不开心,因为他独自去了美食节。
he他,主格;him他,宾格;himself他自己,反身代词。固定短语by oneself意为“独自地”,主语是he,对应的反身代词是himself。故选C。
2.(25-26七年级下·广东深圳·期中)— Kids, help ________ to some fruit.
— Thank you, Mum! Fresh fruit always makes us feel ________.
A.yourselves; cheerful B.yourself; cheerfully
C.yourselves; cheerfully D.yourself; cheerful
【答案】A
【详解】句意:——孩子们,请随便吃些水果。——谢谢妈妈!新鲜水果总是让我们感到高兴。
help oneself to意为“随便吃”,根据Kids可知对象是复数,反身代词用yourselves;feel是系动词,后接形容词作表语,形容词cheerful意为“愉快的、兴高采烈的”,符合语境。
3.(25-26七年级下·广东深圳·期中)Help ________ to some fruit, kids!
A.yourself B.yourselves C.themselves
【答案】B
【详解】句意:孩子们,请你们自己随便吃些水果!
yourself你自己;yourselves你们自己;themselves他们自己。固定搭配“help oneself to sth.”意为“请随便吃/用某物”,反身代词需与称呼对象保持一致。句中称呼对象是kids,表示复数“你们”,对应的反身代词是“yourselves”。应填yourselves。
【巩固提升2】
1.(25-26七年级上·广东江门·期中)Tom, you can introduce y________ when you meet a new friend.
【答案】yourself/ourself
【详解】句意:汤姆,当你遇到新朋友时,你可以自我介绍一下。根据“you can introduce...when you meet a new friend”及首字母提示可知,这里指介绍你自己,所以此处应用与主语you对应的反身代词yourself。
2.(25-26七年级下·江苏苏州·期中)The film ________ (它自己) is wonderful, but it is not suitable (适合) for children.
【答案】itself
【详解】句意:这部电影本身很精彩,但它不适合儿童观看。 此处需要反身代词来指代单数名词the film,表示“它自己”,对应的反身代词是itself。
3.(25-26七年级下·广东江门·期中)He hurt ________ (他自己) when he was playing basketball.
【答案】himself
【详解】句意:他打篮球时伤到了自己。固定搭配hurt oneself,表示受伤,用反身代词,故填himself。
【巩固提升3】
1.(25-26七年级下·天津·期中)他看着镜子,对自己说:“你能做到的。”
He looked in the mirror and ________ to ________, “You can do it.”
【答案】 said himself
【详解】原句中“对自己说”是关键词,表示“对自己说”的固定搭配是say to oneself。本句为一般过去时,动词say需用过去式said,主语是He,对应的反身代词是himself。应填said;himself。
2.(24-25七年级上·广东潮州·期中)我们每天都在学校里过得很开心。
We ________ ________ in our school every day.
【答案】 have/enjoy fun/ourselves
【详解】结合中英文提示及空格数可知,此处缺“过得开心”,其对应的英文表达为“have fun”或“enjoy oneself”,为动词短语,再结合时间状语“every day”可知,该句时态为一般现在时,主语We为第一人称复数形式,应用动词原形作谓语,且oneself应用we对应的反身代词ourselves。故填have/enjoy;fun/ourselves。
3.(24-25七年级上·天津河东·期末)有时你必须独自驾驶你的小船。
Sometimes you have to sail your boat ________ ________.
【答案】 by yourself
【详解】独自:by oneself,介词短语,句中主语是you,反身代词用yourself。故填by;yourself。
◆指示代词
单数
复数
近指
this
these
远指
that
those
注意:
1、this 和 that有时可用作状语,表示程度,分别意为“这么”和“那么”。
2、this和these指时间或空间上离说话者较近的人/物;that和those指时间或空间上离说话者较远的人/物
3、that和 those可用来指代上文内容,以避免重复
4、在电话用语中,通常用 this指自己,用 that 指对方
【典例破题】(2024·天津·期中) ______ are my new books. Please take ______ to the classroom.
A. This; they B. These; them C. This; them D. These; they
【答案】B
【思路点拨】 第一空后面是复数books,主语用These;第二空作动词take的宾语,用宾格them。故选B。
巧学妙记:this/that 配单数,these/those 接复数;be动词也跟着变,is/are 别弄乱。
【易错警示】
易错点1:指示代词必须与所指名词的单复数保持一致
These are my friends.
易错点2:指代远近区分不清
❌ Look at that picture on my hand.(图在手里,是近处)
✅ Look at this picture on my hand.
❌ This dog over there is mine.(狗在远处)
✅ That dog over there is mine.
易错点3:指代上下文的混淆
指代上文提到过的事情,通常用that。
例:The weather in Beijing is cold. That is why I don't like it.
(that指代前面“北京的天气冷”这件事)
指代下文要讲的事情,通常用this。
例:Let me tell you this: hard work leads to success.
(this指代后面要说的内容)
易错点4:打电话时的特殊用法(必考!)
介绍自己:This is + 名字(不说I am)
✅ This is Lily speaking.
❌ I am Lily.
询问对方:Is that + 名字?(不说Are you)
✅ Is that Tom?
❌ Are you Tom?
问对方是谁:Who is that?(不说Who are you?)
【巩固提升1】
1.(25-26七年级上·四川阿坝·期中)—Eric, are ________ two boys your brothers?
—Yes, ________ my brothers, Alan and Mike.
A.these; they B.they; they’re C.those; they’re
【答案】C
【详解】句意:——埃里克,那两个男孩是你的兄弟吗?——是的,他们是我的兄弟,艾伦和迈克。
考查指示代词及主谓一致。第一空指代远处的两个男孩,用those;第二空作主语,指代two boys,用they,后接are,缩写为they’re。故选C。
2.(25-26七年级上·四川宜宾·期中)—Cathy, ________ is Linda.
—Nice to meet you!
A.this B.that C.she
【答案】A
【详解】句意:——凯西,这位是琳达。——很高兴认识你!
考查代词辨析。this这个,用于近指;that那个,用于远指;she她,人称代词主格。在面对面介绍他人时,常用句型“This is…”,符合本句的交际场景。故选A。
3.(25-26七年级上·黑龙江哈尔滨·期中)—What’s this?
—________.
A.This is “M”. B.This is my book. C.It’s “M”.
【答案】C
【详解】句意:——这是什么?——它是“M”。
考查指示代词的用法。This is “M”这是“M”;This is my book这是我的书;It’s “M”它是“M”。在英语中,回答“What’s this?”时,通常用“It is...”来指代问句中的“this”,而不是重复使用“This is...”,因此选项C “It’s ‘M’.”符合英语表达习惯。故选C。
【巩固提升2】
1.25-26七年级上·广东东莞·期中)________ (那些) pencils are mine. Can you pass them to me?
【答案】Those
【详解】句意:那些铅笔是我的。你能把它们递给我吗?根据“pencils”可知,此处使用指示代词those修饰名词pencils,表示“那些铅笔”,句首首字母大写。故填Those。
2.(23-24七年级上·浙江杭州·期中)—What’s that in English?
— ________ is a 3D TV.
【答案】It
【详解】句意:——那个用英语怎么说?——它是一台3D电视。含有that的疑问句,回答时用it代指,位于句首首字母大写。故填It。
3.(23-24七年级上·广西贵港·期中)—Are those Ms. Green’s books?(作否定回答)
—No, ______ ______.
【答案】 they aren’t
【详解】句意:——那些是格林女士的书吗?——不,他们不是。本题考查be动词一般疑问句的否定回答。在回答be开头的一般疑问句时,肯定回答为“Yes,主语+be.”,否定回答为“No,主语+be not.”;本句的主语是those,回答时用they,和are搭配使用。故填they;aren’t。
【巩固提升3】
1.This is a beautiful bird. (改成复数)
________ are beautiful ________.
【详解】题目要求改成复数。原句为This is a beautiful bird。要将原句改成复数,指示代词This“这个”要变为复数形式These“这些”,名词bird应用复数形式birds,故应填(1). These (2). birds。
2.There are some photos on the wall. (改成否定句)
There ________ ________ photos on the wall.
【详解】题目要求改成否定句。原句为There are some photos on the wall。要将原句改成否定句,are要加not,且通常用于肯定句的不定代词some应换成常用于否定句和疑问句的any,故应填(1). aren’t (2). any。
3.On our teacher’s desk is a computer. (就画线部分提问)
________ ________ on your teacher’s desk?
【详解】题目要求就画线部分提问。原句为On our teacher’s desk is a computer。画线部分是单数名词,问某物是什么应用特殊疑问词what,且位于句首首字母大写。谓语be动词应用is,故应填(1). What (2). is。
◆不定代词
不定代词是指不明确指代某个人、某些人、某个事物或某些事物的代词。
some和any 的用法
1、some意为“一些,几个”,通常用于肯定句中;any意为“一些,任何”,通常用于否定句和疑问句中。但在表示请求、建议,并期望得到对方的肯定回答时,通常用 some而不用 any
2、any也可用于肯定句中,与可数名词单数连用,意为“任一”
3、在否定句中,some表示部分否定,any表示全部否定
4、由 some和 any构成的合成词的用法
somebody= someone某人
something 某物/某事
anybody= anyone任何人
anything 任何事/任何东西
注意:
(1) something 和 anything 有形容词修饰时,形容词要置于其后
(2) something 和 anything 作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式
many 和 much 的用法
1、 many 和 much都表示“许多,大量”,在句中可作主语、宾语、定语等。many修饰可数名词,作主语
时,谓语动词用复数;much修饰不可数名词,作主语时,谓语动词用单数
2、 more 是 many和 much 的比较级,意为“较多的,更多的”; most是many和 much的最高级,意为“大多
数的,最多的”
3、too many和 too much都表示“太多”, too many修饰可数名词复数,too much修饰不可数名词
4、too much 和 much too都用来表达过度的意思, too much意为“太多”, much too 意为“太……”
5、many of 和 much of都表示“许多……”, many of后接可数名词复数,much of后接不可数名词
few,a few, little和 a little的用法
代词
含义
句法功能
用法
few
很少,几乎没有
主语、宾语、表语或定语
修饰或代替可数名词复数
a few
有几个
little
很少,几乎没有
主语、宾语、表语、定语或状语
修饰或代替不可数名词
a little
有一点儿
【典例破题】(2025·杭州·期末) There are only ______ apples at home. Let’s buy some.
A. a few B. few C. a little D. little
【答案】B
【思路点拨】apples是可数名词,排除C、D。句意“只有很少几个苹果,我们去买一些吧”,表示否定含义,用few。a few表示“有几个”,与后文买一些矛盾。故选B。
【易错警示】
易错点1:some 与 any 的用法混淆
❌ I don't have some water.
✅ I don't have any water.(否定句用any)
❌ Would you like any coffee?(期待对方说“要”时)
✅ Would you like some coffee?(表建议,期待肯定回答)
易错点2:many / much / a lot of 分不清
❌ I have much apples.
✅ I have many apples.(apples为可数名词复数,用many)
易错点3: few / a few / little / a little 混淆
❌ I have a little friends.
✅ I have a few friends.(friends可数,用a few)
【巩固提升1】
1.(25-26七年级下·湖北襄阳·期中)—There is ________ meat in the fridge, so we need to buy some.
—But we have ________ eggs and vegetables. We can cook egg soup first.
A.little; a few B.little; few C.few; a little D.a few; little
【答案】A
【详解】句意:——冰箱里几乎没有肉了,所以我们需要去买一些。——但是我们还有一些鸡蛋和蔬菜。我们可以先做鸡蛋汤。
little几乎没有,修饰不可数名词,表否定;a little有一点,修饰不可数名词,表肯定;few几乎没有,修饰可数名词复数,表否定;a few有一些,修饰可数名词复数,表肯定。第一空修饰不可数名词meat,根据“need to buy some”可知肉几乎没有了,表否定,用little;第二空修饰可数名词复数eggs and vegetables,根据“We can cook egg soup first”可知还有一些,表肯定,用a few。
2.(25-26七年级下·天津滨海新区·期中)—Is there ________ in the box?
—No, it’s empty. There is ________ in it.
A.anything; nothing B.something; anything C.everything; nothing D.anything; everything
【答案】A
【详解】句意:——盒子里有什么东西吗?——没有,它是空的。里面什么都没有。
anything任何事物;nothing没有什么;something某物;everything所有事物。第一空是一般疑问句,通常用anything;根据答语“No, it’s empty.”可知,盒子里是空的,表示否定含义“什么都没有”,用nothing。
3.(24-25七年级上·江苏南京·期中)—Can you give me ________ paper, please?
—Sorry, I don’t have ________.
A.some; some B.any; any C.some; any D.any; some
【答案】C
【详解】句意:——请问你能给我一些纸吗?——对不起,我没有。
some一些,常用于肯定句或表示请求、建议的疑问句;any一些,常用于否定句或疑问句。第一空表示请求,希望得到肯定答复,应用some;第二空是否定句,应用any。
【巩固提升2】
1.(25-26七年级下·甘肃定西·期中)There isn’t ________ (someone) in the classroom.
【答案】anyone
【详解】句意:教室里没有人。句中“There isn’t”为否定句,提示否定句中需用anyone代替someone,anyone用于否定句和疑问句中,符合语境及语法要求。
2.(24-25七年级下·江苏无锡·阶段检测)When spring comes, ________ (万物) begins to grow.
【答案】everything
【详解】句意:当春天来临时,万物开始生长。“万物”为不定代词everything,作主语。
3.(25-26七年级下·山东济宁·期中)He is unfriendly, so he has _______ (很少的) friends here.
【答案】few
【详解】句意:他不友好,所以他在这里有很少的朋友。“很少的”用few表达,修饰可数名词复数。
【巩固提升3】
1.(25-26七年级下·辽宁锦州·期中)这个女孩儿有几个问题要问老师。
The girl has ________ ________ questions to ask the teacher.
【答案】 a few
【详解】原句中“几个”是关键词,表示“几个”的关键词是a few,空后questions是可数名词复数,修饰可数名词复数表示“一些、几个”且含有肯定含义时,应用a few。
2(25-26七年级下·福建福州·期中)We need a little rice. (对划线部分提问)
________ ________ rice do you need?
【答案】 How much
【详解】句意:我们需要一点米饭。对“a little”提问时,因为rice是不可数名词,询问数量要用how much,句首首字母大写。
3.(25-26七年级下·福建福州·期中)There are no shops at the end of Xueyuan Road. (改为同义句)
There ________ ________ shops at the end of Xueyuan Road.
【答案】 aren’t any
【详解】句意:在学院路的尽头没有商店。改为同义句,no=not any,表示“没有”,原句谓语动词是are,否定直接加not,缩写为aren’t。故填aren’t;any。
知识点二 介词
◆时间介词
介词
用法
示例
in
in+世纪/年/季节/月
in the 21st century in 2026
in spring in March
表示在上午/下午/晚上
in the morning/afternoon/evening
in+一段时间,表示“……(多久)以后”
They will finish the work in an hour.
on
on+日期/星期几/含有Day的节日
on June 2nd on Friday
on Children's Day
on+特定某一天的上午/下午/晚上
on Sunday afternoon
at
at+具体的时刻
at seven o'clock at a quarter to one
与年龄、三餐、正午、夜晚、一些节日等搭配
at the age of five at breakfast
at noon/night
巧学妙记:at用于节假日前,常指在整个节假日期间;on 常指在节假日当天。
【典例破题】
(25-26七年级下·黑龙江佳木斯·期中)—When is the school trip? —It’s ________ June 15th.
A.in B.on C.at D.for
【答案】B
【思路点拨】句意:——学校旅行是什么时候?——是在 6月15日。
in在,用于年、月、季节等;on在,用于具体某一天或日期;at在,用于具体时刻;for为了,用于时间段。根据“June 15th”可知是具体的日期,应用介词on。
【易错警示】
易错点1:in the morning / on the morning 不分
in the morning:泛指“在早上”
I read English in the morning.
on + 修饰词 + morning:特指某一天的早上
I met her on a rainy morning.
We have a test on the morning of May 1st.
易错点 2:星期几到底用 on 还是 in?
❌ I play football in Monday.
✅ I play football on Monday.
易错点 3:时间介词省略的情况
特定词前不加介词:this / next / last / every 修饰时间时,不加介词。
【巩固提升1】
1.(25-26七年级上·安徽马鞍山·期中)—What time do you have dinner?
— ________ 5:15 ________ the afternoon.
A.In, at B.On, in C.From, at D.At, in
【答案】D
【详解】句意:——你几点吃晚饭?——在下午5点15分。
In在(某个月份,季节,年份);at在(具体的时间);On在(具体的某一天);From从……,来自……。根据“5:15”可知是具体时刻,第一空用At(句首首字母大写);“in the afternoon”是固定搭配,表示“在下午”。
2.(24-25七年级上·江苏南京·期中)We often play football ________ Sunday afternoon. They often meet ________ 3:30 p.m.
A.in; in B.on; in C.in; at D.on; at
【答案】D
【详解】句意:我们经常在星期天下午踢足球。他们经常在下午3:30 见面。
in用于泛指的上午/下午/晚上、月份、年份、季节前;on用于具体某一天(含其上午/下午/晚上)前;at用于具体时刻前。“ Sunday afternoon”是具体某天下午,第一空用“on”;“3:30 p.m.”是具体时刻,第二空用“at”。
【巩固提升2】
1.(25-26七年级上·北京通州·期中)I usually go to the library with my friends ________ 4:30 p.m.(使用恰当的介词填空)
【答案】at
【详解】句意:我通常在下午4:30和我的朋友们去图书馆。在具体的时间点前用介词“at”。故填at。
2.(22-23七年级下·湖南永州·期中)I visit my grandparents _________ Saturday mornings.
【答案】on
【详解】句意:我经常在星期六早上去看望我的祖父母。根据横线后是“Saturday mornings”周六早上,所以是介词on。故填on。
3.(20-21七年级下·吉林·期中)Betty gets up at half ________ six in the morning every day.
【答案】past
【详解】句意:贝蒂每天早上六点半起床。时间介词at后接具体的时间点,half past six表示“六点半”,符合语境,故填past。
【巩固提升3】
1.(24-25七年级上·江苏南京·期中)老师们星期四开会。
Teachers have meetings ________.
【答案】on Thursday
【详解】原句中“(在)星期四”对应固定表达on Thursday,具体星期前用介词on,可知此处应填on Thursday。
2.(24-25七年级下·贵州黔东南·期中)他在早上7:15乘公共汽车去上学。
He goes ________ school by bus ________ 7:15 a.m.
【答案】 to at
【详解】第一空:原句中“去学校”是关键词,表示“去”的介词是to,go to school为固定短语。第二空:原句中“在早上7:15”是关键词,表示时间点用介词at。
3.(21-22七年级下·广东江门·期中)我是在11月份出生的。
I was born ________ ________.
【答案】 in November
【详解】根据中英文对照可知,此处缺少“在11月份”,其英文表达为in November。故填in;November。
◆地点介词
1.表示地理位置的 in、on、at和to
介词
图解及用法
例句
in
某一小地点在另一大地点范围之内;
Yunnan is in the southwest of China.
on
指两地接壤
Hubei is on the north of Hunan.
to
指两地不接壤
Japan lies to the east of China.
3. 表示方位的介词
介词
含义与用法
例句
on
表示在某物的表面上,且相互接触
There is a plate on the table.
above
表示在某物上方,但不必在其垂直上方,不接触
Raise your arms above your head.
over
表示在某物的垂直上方,不接触
There is a bridge over the river.
under
表示在某物的垂直下方,不接触
The ball is under the table.
below
表示在某物的下方,但不必在其垂直下方,且不接触
Our apartment is below theirs.
in front of
表示在某物的前面,并且在其外面
There are some trees in front of the classroom.
in the front of
表示在某物内部的前面
There's a teacher's deskin the front of the classroom.
behind
表示在某物的后面
There is a bank behind the post office.
between
表示在两者之间,常与and连用
Maria sits between Lucy and Lily.
among
表示在三者或三者以上之间
Miss Wang stands among her students.
near
表示“在……附近”
After the accident, her friend sat next to/beside/by/near her all night.
next to
表示“紧邻;在……近旁”
by
表示“靠近;在……旁边”
beside
表示“在……旁边/附近”
against
表示“紧靠;倚”
Put the bike against the wall.
across
指从事物表面的一边到另一边,用于表示横穿马路、过桥、过河等
He can swim across the river.
through
指从事物的内部通过
She had to push her way through the crowd to get to her son.
【典例破题】
(25-26七年级下·四川自贡·期中)The pay phone is ________ Green Street and it’s across ________ the library.
A.in; to B.at; through C.on; from
【答案】C
【详解】句意:这个公用电话在格林街上,它在图书馆的对面。
in在……里面;to不存在across to表示“在某物对面”的方位搭配;at一般用于修饰具体的小地点(比如具体门牌号、某个站点);through通过,没有across through的短语搭配;on在……上面;from从……、来自,across from表示“在……对面”。此处表示在具体的街道路面上常用介词on;across from为固定短语,意为“在……对面”。应填on; from。
【易错警示】
易错点1:in / on / to 方位混淆
❌ Taiwan is on the southeast of China.(台湾属于中国范围内)
✅ Taiwan is in the southeast of China.
❌ China is to the north of Asia.(中国属于亚洲范围内)
✅ China is in the north of Asia.
✅ China is to the north of Vietnam.(越南在中国范围外,接壤)
易错点2:at / in 表示地点时的混淆
at小地点,in大范围;at点状位置,in内部空间。
表示在某一点位置(小地点、具体场所) at the bus stop; at home; at the door; at the cinema
表示在某一范围或空间内部(大地点、大区域) in the room; in Beijing; in China
易错点3:in front of / in the front of 混淆
在……外部的前面 There is a tree in front of the classroom.(树在教室外面)
在……内部的前部 The teacher sits in the front of the classroom.(老师在教室里面的前面)
◆方式介词
介词
用法
例句
by
通过某种方式、方法或手段。
Mary learns English by watching movies.
with
用某种工具或手段。
I cut the apple with a knife.
in
用某种方式、形式或语言。
He wrote the story in English.
through
通过某种途径、过程或媒介。
A lot of people spread Chinese culture to the whole world through videos.
【典例破题】
(25-26七年级下·四川自贡·期中)The pay phone is ________ Green Street and it’s across ________ the library.
A.in; to B.at; through C.on; from
【答案】C
【详解】句意:这个公用电话在格林街上,它在图书馆的对面。
in在……里面;to不存在across to表示“在某物对面”的方位搭配;at一般用于修饰具体的小地点(比如具体门牌号、某个站点);through通过,没有across through的短语搭配;on在……上面;from从……、来自,across from表示“在……对面”。此处表示在具体的街道路面上常用介词on;across from为固定短语,意为“在……对面”。应填on; from。
巧学妙记:in内on上under下,above高于over正;
无the外部前,有the内部前部;
between两者间,among三以上;
横表across穿through,树下果实on,外来in。
【巩固提升1】
1.(25-26七年级下·江苏扬州·期中)—Look! I just can’t do this movement perfectly! What should I do?
—Well, in Dunhuang dance, this part needs you to lift your hands ________ your head.
A.across B.under C.between D.above
【答案】D
【详解】句意:——看!我就是不能完美地完成这个动作!我该怎么办?——嗯,在敦煌舞中,这一部分需要你把手举到头的上方。
across穿过;under 在……下面;between在……之间;above在……上面。根据“lift your hands”并结合敦煌舞特点及语境可知,动作方向是向上,手应在头的上方,above符合。
2.(24-25七年级上·北京顺义·期中)—I want to plant an apple tree ________ the house.
—That’s a great idea.
A.in B.in the front of C.in front of D.between
【答案】C
【详解】句意:——我想在房子前面种一棵苹果树。——好主意。
in在……里面;in the front of在……(内部的)前面;in front of在……(外部的)前面;between在……之间。苹果树是种在房子外部的前方,因此用in front of。
3.(24-25七年级上·北京顺义·期中)—I want to plant an apple tree ________ the house.
—That’s a great idea.
A.in B.in the front of C.in front of D.between
【答案】C
【详解】句意:——我想在房子前面种一棵苹果树。——好主意。
in在……里面;in the front of在……(内部的)前面;in front of在……(外部的)前面;between在……之间。苹果树是种在房子外部的前方,因此用in front of。
【巩固提升2】
1.(25-26七年级下·江苏扬州·期中)—Look! I just can’t do this movement perfectly! What should I do?
—Well, in Dunhuang dance, this part needs you to lift your hands ________ your head.
A.across B.under C.between D.above
【答案】D
【详解】句意:——看!我就是不能完美地完成这个动作!我该怎么办?——嗯,在敦煌舞中,这一部分需要你把手举到头的上方。
across穿过;under 在……下面;between在……之间;above在……上面。根据“lift your hands”并结合敦煌舞特点及语境可知,动作方向是向上,手应在头的上方,above符合。
2.(25-26七年级下·江苏常州·期中)When we climb to the top (顶) of Mao Mountain, we can enjoy the beautiful view ________ us.
A.between B.over C.above D.below
【答案】D
【详解】句意:当我们爬到茅山山顶时,我们可以欣赏到我们下方美丽的景色。
between在……之间;over在……正上方;above在……上方;below在……下方。根据“When we climb to the top (顶) of Mao Mountain”可知,站在山顶时,景色通常位于人的下方,应填below。
3.(25-26七年级下·江苏泰州·期中)—Nancy lives ________ the fifth floor. What about you, Amy?
—My flat is ________ hers. I live on the tenth floor.
A.in; over B.on; on C.in; beside D.on; above
【答案】D
【详解】句意:——南希住在五楼。你呢,艾米?——我的公寓在她的上面。我住在十楼。
in在……里面;over越过;on在……上面,有接触;beside在……旁边;above在……上面,无接触。根据“the fifth floor”可知,表示在第几层楼应用介词on,排除A、C选项;根据“I live on the tenth floor.”可知,艾米住的楼层比南希高,表示“在……上方”应用above,排除 B选项。故选D。
【巩固提升3】
1.(25-26七年级下·山东济宁·期中)There is a big tree ________ (在……中间) the four houses.
【答案】among
【详解】句意:这四栋房子中间有一棵大树。根据“the four houses”和汉语提示可知,“在……中间”用among表达,表示三者或三者以上的中间。
2.(25-26七年级下·云南昭通·期中)Go ________ the bridge, and you’ll see the bus stop on your left. (cross)
【答案】across
【详解】句意:穿过这座桥,你会看到公交站在你的左手边。本句为祈使句,空前为动词Go,后不能直接跟动词,需要介词搭配,cross的介词形式across,go across为固定搭配,表示“穿过”。
3.(25-26七年级下·江苏无锡·期中)It’s very cold in Harbin in winter. The temperature (温度) is usually ________ (在下面) -10℃.
【答案】below
【详解】句意:哈尔滨的冬天非常冷,温度通常在零下10摄氏度以下。“在下面”表示低于某个数值,对应的英文单词是“below”。应填below。
4.(25-26七年级上·云南昆明·期中)There is a teahouse ___________ my school where tourists like to sit and drink Pu’er tea. (在……旁边)
【答案】next to/beside
【详解】句意:在我的学校旁边有一家茶馆,游客们喜欢坐在那里喝普洱茶。根据汉语提示“在……旁边”可知,其对应英文为“next to”或者“beside”。故填next to/beside。
一、单项选择
1.(25-26七年级下·甘肃平凉·期中)—Mum, where is ________ rope? And Emma’s? We’ll go out and jump rope.
—Yours is right here. ________ is in her room.
A.your; She B.my; She C.my; Hers D.your; Hers
【答案】C
【详解】句意:——妈妈,我的绳子在哪里?还有艾玛的?我们要出去跳绳。——你的就在这里。她的在她房间里。
your你的(形容词性物主代词,后接名词);my我的(形容词性物主代词,后接名词);she她(人称代词主格);hers她的(名词性物主代词,可单独使用,后不接名词)。第一空后有名词rope,需用形容词性物主代词,排除she;根据对话语境是孩子问“我的”绳子,应填my。第二空后无名词,需用名词性物主代词代替“Emma’s rope”,应填Hers。故选my; Hers。
2.(24-25七年级上·北京顺义·期中)Hi! This is ________ new teacher. ________ name is Linda.
A.your; She’s B.his; Your C.your; Her D.her; He’s
【答案】C
【详解】句意:嗨!这是你的新老师。她的名字叫琳达。
your你的;his他的;her她的;She’s她是;He’s他是。根据“Linda”是女性名字可知,第二空修饰名词name,应用形容词性物主代词Her,排除A、D(She’s/He’s含be动词,不能修饰 name);结合语境向对方介绍老师,第一空应用your。
3.(25-26七年级下·山东威海·期中)—When do you usually get up ________ Saturday mornings?
—At 8:00. I can sleep a little later.
A.on B.in C.at
【答案】A
【详解】句意:——你星期六早上通常几点起床?——八点。我可以多睡一会儿。
on 在(具体某天);in 在(泛指时段);At 在(具体时刻)。根据“Saturday mornings”可知,此处特指星期六的早晨,具体某一天的早晨前用介词on。
4.(25-26七年级下·江苏无锡·期中)—Why do you need a ladder to take the photo?
—Because all the cherry blossoms are a meter ________ my head.
A.on B.over C.above D.below
【答案】C
【详解】句意:——你为什么需要梯子来拍照?——因为所有的樱花都在我头顶上方一米处。
on在……上(接触表面);over在……上方(垂直上方或覆盖);above在……上方(不接触,可接具体高度);below在……下方。根据“Why do you need a ladder”可知需要往高处去,排除below;结合“a meter”具体高度,表示不接触的上方且能与具体高度搭配常用above。故选above。
5.(25-26七年级下·福建漳州·期中)—Excuse me, where is the bank?
—Go ________ the bridge and you can see it on your right.
A.through B.across C.past
【答案】B
【详解】句意:——打扰一下,银行在哪里?——走过这座桥,你就能在右边看到它。
through从内部穿过;across从表面横穿;past经过。根据“Go…the bridge”可知是指从桥面上走过,使用搭配go across the bridge。
二、用所给单词的适当形式填空
1.(25-26七年级下·四川眉山·期中)The badminton racket is not Tom’s. It is m________.
【答案】mine/ine
【详解】句意:这只羽毛球拍不是Tom的,它是我的.句子表达物品归属,空处需要一个名词性物主代词,指代“我的(羽毛球拍)”;根据首字母m提示,mine作为名词性物主代词,意为 “我的(东西)”,符合语境。
2.(25-26七年级下·甘肃兰州·期中)They may forget their parents’ birthdays and only remember ________ (their).
【答案】themselves
【详解】句意:他们可能会忘记父母的生日,只记得他们自己的(生日)。their“他们的”,句中主语为“They”,“remember”后需要接反身代词表示“记得他们自己的(生日)”,表示动作回到主语本身,their的反身代词形式是themselves,意为“他们自己”。
3.(25-26七年级上·江苏宿迁·期中)We can develop team spirit ________ (通过) teamwork like football and basketball.
【答案】through
【详解】句意:我们可以通过像足球和篮球这样的团队合作来培养团队精神。“通过”在此表示方式或途径,需用介词。through意为“通过(某种过程/活动)”。
4.(25-26七年级下·福建漳州·期中)The restaurant is ________ the bank ________ (在……和……之间) the hotel.
【答案】 between and
【详解】句意:这家餐馆在银行和旅馆之间。“在……和……之间”的英文表达是“between...and...”,这是一个固定短语,用于描述两个事物之间的位置关系。在这个句子中,“The restaurant”是主语,“is”是系动词,“between the bank and the hotel”是表语,表示餐馆的位置。故填between;and。
5.(25-26七年级下·安徽淮南·期中)It t________ (花费) me 25 minutes to walk to the supermarket. It’s a little far.
【答案】takes/akes
【详解】句意:我步行去超市要花25分钟。有点远。“花费”可译为take,为动词。描述客观事实,应用一般现在时,主语It为第三人称单数,谓语动词需用第三人称单数形式,结合首字母t提示,takes符合语境。It takes sb. some time to do sth.“做某事花费某人多少时间”为固定句型。
三、语法选择
(24-25七年级上·陕西西安·阶段检测)阅读下面短文,按照句子结构的语法性和上下文连贯的要求,从各小题的四个选项中选出一个最佳答案,使短文连贯完整。
I’m happy to be a student in Gaoxin No. 1 Middle School. Here I have 1 excellent English teacher, Ms Lee. She often tells 2 that English is very important in the world. She teaches very 3 and helps me a lot. In class she always gives us much time to speak English 4 she thinks practice makes perfect. At first I cannot understand a word or say a sentence, but now I find English isn’t so difficult. I can even 5 with my classmates in English. Also we have an oral English teacher from 6 country, Mrs Black. They’re different 7 each other, but both of them are very kind. Mrs Black’s classes are 8 , too. Sometimes she teaches us a little 9 after class because she once lived in France for two years and she can speak the language. On Thursday afternoon, she spends time with us 10 exercise in our gym after school. We feel very lucky to have these two teachers. I’m sure we’ll study better and better.
1.A.the B.an C./ D.a
2.A.we B.us C.our D.ours
3.A.good B.great C.well D.best
4.A.because B.and C.so D.but
5.A.speak B.tell C.talk D.say
6.A.another B.other C.the other D.others
7.A.with B.of C.about D.from
8.A.interested B.interests C.interesting D.interest
9.A.Chinese B.France C.French D.China
10.A.do B.doing C.to do D.does
【答案】
1-5.BBCAC 6-10.ADCCB
【导语】本文主要介绍了作者在高新一中的两位英语老师,包括她们的教学风格、特点以及作者在她们的帮助下取得的进步和未来展望。
【详解】1.句意:在这里我有一位优秀的英语老师,李老师。
excellent是以元音音素开头的单词,要用不定冠词an修饰;the表特指,a用于辅音音素开头单词前,零冠词不符合此处单数可数名词用法。
2.句意:她经常告诉我们英语在世界上非常重要。
tell是及物动词,后面需要用人称代词宾格作宾语;we是主格,our是形容词性物主代词,ours是名词性物主代词,只有us是宾格形式。
3.句意:她教得非常好,并且帮了我很多。
此处需要副词修饰动词teaches;good、great都是形容词,best是最高级,只有well是副词,意为“好地”。
4.句意:课堂上她总是给我们大量时间练习说英语,因为她认为熟能生巧。
前后两句是因果关系,后半句是前半句做法的原因;and表并列,so表结果,but表转折,只有because引导原因状语从句。
5.句意:我甚至可以用英语和我的同学们交谈。
固定搭配talk with sb.表示“和某人交谈”;speak后接语言,tell意为“告诉”,say后接说话内容,均不能和with搭配表交谈。
6.句意:我们还有一位来自另一个国家的英语口语老师布莱克夫人。
another后接单数可数名词,表示三者及以上中的另一个;other后需要接复数名词,the other特指两者中的另一个,others后面不能再接名词。
7.句意:她们彼此各不相同,但是两位老师都很友善。
固定短语be different from意为“与……不同”,是固定搭配。
8.句意:布莱克夫人的课也很有趣。
此处修饰名词classes(事物)要用-ing形式的形容词;interested用来修饰人,interests是名词/动词三单,interest可作名词或动词,只有interesting修饰事物,表示“有趣的”。
9.句意:有时候课后她会教我们一点法语,因为她曾经在法国生活了两年,会说这门语言。
根据后文“lived in France以及the language”可知,她教的是法语;Chinese汉语,France法国(国家名),China中国,只有French表示“法语”。
10.句意:周四下午,放学后她陪我们在体育馆锻炼。
固定搭配spend time (in) doing sth.表示“花费时间做某事”,此处要用动名词形式;do是动词原形,to do是不定式,does是动词三单,只有doing符合固定用法。
四、语法填空
(24-25七年级上·河北唐山·阶段检测)阅读下面短文,在空白处填入一个适当的单词(有提示词的,填入所给单词的正确形式)
When do you go to bed every night? Some 1 (student) often go to bed late. They like watching TV or playing computer games at night. A survey shows that many students can’t get nine hours of sleep a night. They often feel sleepy at school 2 they don’t have enough sleep.
In Scotland, some schools have 3 new subject — sleep. Hilltop School is the fifth school to have this. The teachers there teach students how to sleep 4 (good). Many students like it. They think it’s good for 5 (they) health and study. Victor is a 15-year-old boy from Hilltop School, and he 6 (think) it’s good to have this new subject, too. He says, “I go to bed 7 9:30 every night. The next day, I usually get up 8 (早早地) and then do some 9 (read). I can have 10 ( many) than eight hours’ sleep. I feel really great!”
【答案】
1.students 2.because 3.a 4.well 5.their 6.thinks 7.at 8.early 9.reading 10.more
【导语】本文主要介绍苏格兰部分学校开设“如何睡好觉”这门新课程的背景、学生反应及一名学生Victor的作息改善情况,旨在说明睡眠不足对学生的影响及学校为此采取的教育措施。
【详解】1.句意:一些学生经常很晚才睡觉。空格处前有“Some”修饰,后需接可数名词复数,因此填入复数形式students。
2.句意:他们经常在学校感到困倦,因为他们没有足够的睡眠。前后句为因果/解释关系;后半句“they don’t have enough sleep”是前半句“They often feel sleepy at school”的原因 ,需填入表示“因为”的连词。故填because,表示“因为”,符合语境。
3.句意:在苏格兰,一些学校开设了一门新课程—睡眠。“new subject”是可数名词单数,且泛指“一门”,“new”以辅音音素开头,因此填a。
4.句意:那里的老师教学生如何睡得好。修饰动词“sleep”需用副词,括号中“good”是形容词表示“好的”,其副词形式为well符合语境。
5.句意:他们认为这对他们的健康和学习有好处。空格后是名词“health”,需用形容词性物主代词修饰,题干给出的“they”是主格。故填形容词性物主代词their。
6.句意:Victor是来自Hilltop School的一名15岁男孩,他也认为开设这门新课很好。主语 he第三人称单数,该句前半句时态为一般现在时,因此后半句也使用该时态,动词需用第三人称单数形式。故填thinks。
7.句意:他说:“我每天晚上9点半上床睡觉。”具体时刻前需用介词at。
8.句意:第二天,我通常早早起床,然后做一些阅读。中文提示“早早地”是副词,修饰动词 get up。early“早早地”是副词,符合语境。
9.句意:第二天,我通常早早起床,然后做一些阅读。固定搭配“do some后接动名词”表示“做点什么事”,题干括号中给出的是动词原形,因此本空需填写动名词形式。故填reading。
10.句意:我可以拥有超过八小时的睡眠。“than”是比较级标志。“many”的比较级是“more”符合语境。
五、任务型阅读
(25-26七年级上·湖南长沙·月考)读下面短文,根据短文内容回答问题。
Meituan and Taobao Flash Buy (闪购) are two popular apps (软件) in China. They are trying to win the market. In 2025, they spent a lot of money on subsidies (补贴) and delivery improvement. Taobao Flash Buy changed its name from Eleme. It worked with Taobao and got more orders—its daily orders reached 120 million in August. Meituan has over 5,000 new warehouses (仓库) to send goods faster now.
But takeout (外卖) has problems. It’s not healthy to eat it for too long. People will get ill because it’s high in oil and salt, and has little fiber (纤维). So more families start cooking at home. Cooking is good for kids. It not only teaches life skills and helps you understand parents’ hard work, but also ensures food safety. In Germany, schools have “public kitchens” for kids to learn to cook. They make pasta and salad there. Pupils (中小学生) in Japan can also grow vegetables and feed the pigs by themselves, they can eat the fresh vegetables and safe meat. The dishes have a little salt and oil, and have more fiber.
Can you cook meals by yourselves? Do you think learning to cook is necessary?
1.What did Taobao Flash Buy use to be called?
2.How many new warehouses does Meituan have?
3.Why is takeout bad for health if you eat it for too long?
4.Does learning to cook help kids and pupils?
5.What do you think of the ways to ensure food safety in Japan and Germany?
【答案】1.It used to be called Eleme. 2.It has over 5000 new warehouses. 3.Because it’s high in oil and salt, and has little fiber. 4.Yes./Yes, it does. 5.I think these ways are very good. Learning to cook helps kids become independent and eat healthily. It also teaches them to value food and hard work. (答案不唯一,合理即可)
【导语】本文主要介绍了美团与淘宝闪购两大平台在2025年的市场竞争,同时指出了外卖食品的健康问题,并通过德国与日本的学生烹饪教育案例,强调了学习烹饪对健康和成长的积极意义。
1.第一段直接说明了淘宝闪购的原名:“Taobao Flash Buy changed its name from Eleme.” 答案是原文直接信息。
2.第一段最后一句明确给出了美团的仓库数量:“Meituan has over 5,000 new warehouses...” 答案是原文直接信息。
3.第二段第二句和第三句解释了外卖不健康的原因:“It’s not healthy to eat it for too long. People will get ill because it’s high in oil and salt, and has little fiber.” 答案是原文直接信息。
4.第二段阐述了学习烹饪对孩子的益处:“It not only teaches life skills and helps you understand parents’ hard work, but also ensures food safety.” 因此答案是肯定的。
5.本题为开放性试题,需结合文中德国和日本在食品安全与烹饪教育方面的做法,表达自己的看法。可围绕“实践出真知”、“培养独立能力”、“健康饮食意识”等角度展开。
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