专题04 冠词和数词(暑假复习讲义)新七年级英语新教材外研版

2026-06-22
| 2份
| 37页
| 618人阅读
| 16人下载
精品

内容正文:

专题04 冠词和数词 内容导航 01 复习目标→ 明考向、知权重、晓关联、以目标导学,以考向定标 02 知识重构 → 系统讲解核心知识,重构整合形成体系 脉络重构:快速扫描高频考点,定位薄区 典例破题:精选例题,呈现思路点拨+规范解答+方法提炼 巩固提升:趁热打铁练一练,强化巩固所学 03综合通关 → 综合演练,梯度设题;查漏补缺,闭环收官 知识点 常考考点 命题风向 不定冠词 (a/an) 1. a 与 an 的选择(元音音素开头用 an); 2. 表示“一个”或“某一类”。 1. 考查元音音素与辅音音素的区分; 2. 结合语境判断用不定冠词还是定冠词。 定冠词(the) 1. 特指上文提到过的人或物; 2. 世界上独一无二的事物; 3. 乐器前、方位词前等固定用法。 1. 考查“第二次提到”用 the; 2. 考查固定搭配中的冠词使用。 零冠词 1. 球类、棋牌类前不加冠词; 2. 三餐前不加冠词; 3. 专有名词前一般不加冠词。 1. 考查“球类/三餐前不加冠词”的规则; 2. 与定冠词用法混合考查。 数词 1. 基数词表示数量; 2. 序数词表示顺序; 3. 时间、日期、编号等表达。 1. 考查基数词与序数词的正确选用; 2. 结合日期、楼层、编号等生活场景考查。 考情解码: 冠词和数词是英语中最基础、最常见的词类。冠词虽小,但用法灵活,是各类考试的必考点,尤其是不定冠词 a/an 的选择和定冠词 the 的特指用法。数词主要考查基数词与序数词的区分以及在时间、日期中的正确表达。小升初阶段重在掌握基本规则和固定搭配。 ( 脉 | 络 | 重 | 构 ) ( 考 | 点 | 精 | 讲 ) 【课标要求】冠词:正确使用不定冠词 a / an,理解其表示“一个”或“某一类”的含义;正确使用定冠词 the,理解其表示特指的含义;初步了解零冠词的使用场景(球类、三餐、专有名词前等)。 数词:正确使用基数词表示数量(one, two, three...);正确使用序数词表示顺序(first, second, third...); 能够用数词表达时间、日期、年龄、编号等。 知识点一 冠词 ◆不定冠词 不定冠词a/an:不定冠词a/an常用于单数可数名词前,泛指某一类人或事物中的“一个”。 1. 不定冠词的基本用法 用法 示例 1.第一次提到 This is a book. 2.某一类别 A horse is a helpful animal. 3.泛指 A young man is waiting for you. 4.用于物质、抽象名词前 have a great time a big success 5.视为一个整体的两个名词前 a knife and fork 一副刀叉 6.“a+序数词 ”,表示“又一,再一 ” The cake is delicious and I would like a third one. 7.“每一 ” twice a week three times a day 2. 不定冠词a/an的区别 a 以辅音音素开头的单词 useful university European b u an 以元音音素开头的单词 hour honest umbrella English eight h s 注意: 元音看的是开头音素,不是开头字母 有些单词虽以元音字母开头,但发音却以辅音音素开头如: a university 一所大学 有些单词虽以辅音字母开头,但发音却以元音音素开头 如:an hour一小时 巧学妙记:五个元音字母:A E I O U但看音标不字母,元音音素才用 an! 【典例破题】(2024·北京·小升初真题)This is ______ useful book. It tells us how to learn English well. A. a   B. an  C. the   D. / 【答案】A 【思路点拨】本题主要考查不定冠词 a / an 的选择。空格后的词是 useful,首字母为 u,但读音为 /ˈjuːsfl/,以辅音音素 /j/ 开头,因此要用 a。故选 A。 【方法提炼】 判断用 a 还是 an,要看单词的读音,尤其是首字母为 u / h / e 等容易出错的词。 【易错警示】 易错点 1:只看首字母,不看读音。 错误:an university 正确:a university(university 读 /juːnɪˈvɜːsəti/,以辅音 /j/ 开头) a European country(Eu 读 /jʊə/,以辅音 /j/ 开头) 易错点 2:滥用冠词——该省略时一定要省略(复数/不可数) 不定冠词 a/an 在语法上等同于 “一个”,绝对不能修饰复数名词和不可数名词。 错例:There are a books on the desk.(✘) → There are books.(✔) 易错点 3:职业身份前“光杆司令”(漏用冠词) 在英语中,单数可数名词不能“裸奔”。尤其在描述职业、身份时,必须加冠词。 错例:She is teacher. / He wants to be doctor.(✘ 这是典型的中式英语直译 正解:She is a teacher. / He wants to be a doctor.(✔) 记忆口诀:可数单数不裸奔,辅音a来元音an;辨别读音不辨字,不可数前莫乱掺。” 【巩固提升1】 1.(25-26七年级上·福建漳州·期中)My brother is ________ 8-year-old boy. A.a B.an C.the 【答案】B 【详解】句意:我的弟弟是一个8岁的男孩。 a一个,不定冠词;an一个,不定冠词;the这个/那个,定冠词。根据“My brother is...8-year-old boy.”,此处泛指“一个8岁的男孩”,应用不定冠词;数字8的英文eight发音以元音音素/eɪ/开头,应填an。 2.(25-26七年级下·天津蓟州·期中)His home was ________ small house at ________ side of a big town. A.a; an B.a; / C.a; the D.an; a 【答案】C 【详解】句意:他的家是一个大镇子边上的一所小房子。 a一个(用于辅音音素开头的词前);an一个(用于元音音素开头的词前);the这个(定冠词,表特指);/零冠词。第一空泛指“一所小房子”,且small以辅音音素开头,应用不定冠词a;第二空特指“大镇子的边上”,应用定冠词the。 3.(25-26七年级下·江苏南京·期中)—Do you know ________ girl over there? —Yes, she is ________ exchange student from the UK. A.a;an B.the;an C.the;a D.a;the 【答案】B 【详解】句意:——你认识那边那个女孩吗?——是的,她是一名来自英国的交换生。 a一个,用于辅音音素开头的单词前;an一个,用于元音音素开头的单词前;the表特指/已知的人或事物;第一空特指那边的那个女孩,用定冠词the;第二空泛指一名交换生,且exchange以元音音素开头,用不定冠词an。 【巩固提升2】 1.(25-26七年级下·四川绵阳·期中)There is ________ umbrella on the desk. Is it yours? 【答案】an 【详解】句意:桌子上有一把伞。它是你的吗?此处表示“一把伞”,为泛指,需用不定冠词。名词umbrella以元音音素开头,根据冠词用法规则,元音音素开头的单词前要用不定冠词an,故填an。 2.(24-25七年级上·云南昆明·期中)___________ is on the farm. (一只大猫) 【答案】A big cat 【详解】句意:一只大猫在农场上。形容词big“大的”修饰名词cat“猫”,表示“大猫”;big以辅音音素开头,应用不定冠词a表示“一”,句首单词的首字母应大写。故填A big cat。 3.(25-26七年级下·四川内江·期中)He is 11 years old. (改为同义句) He is ________ ________ boy. 【答案】 an/one 11-year-old 【详解】句意:他是一个11岁的男孩。原句表达“他11岁了”,要改写为同义句,需将年龄转化为形容词形式作定语修饰boy。“11岁的”可以用“数词 + 名词 + 形容词”构成复合形容词表示,即11-year-old;又因为eleven发音以元音音素/ɪ/开头,所以前面的不定冠词要用an,也可以用one。故填an/one;11-year-old。 【巩固提升3】 1.(24-25七年级上·陕西宝鸡·期中)我的书包里有一个橙色的瓶子。 I have _______________________ in my schoolbag. 【答案】an orange bottle 【详解】orange bottle“橙色的瓶子”,orange是以元音音素开头的,用an表示“一个”,故填an orange bottle。 2.(24-25七年级上·全国·课后作业)Are there any offices over there?(改为单数形式) ________ there ________ office over there? 【答案】 Is an 【详解】句意:那边有办公室吗?office是单数形式,且这个单词是以辅音音素开头的,冠词用an,there be中的be要用is,故填Is;an。 3.(25-26七年级上·福建福州·期中)My uncle works in a big factory. (同义句转换) My uncle is ________ ________ in a big factory. 【答案】 a worker 【详解】句意:我叔叔在一家大工厂工作。将动词“works”转换为名词短语“is a worker”,意思是“是一个工人”,这保持了原句的核心意思(在工厂工作),故填a;worker。 ◆定冠词 定冠词 the 表示“这个”“那个”“这些”“那些”,用于特指某个人或事物。 用法 示例 1.双方都知道的 Give me the book,please. 2.特指的或上文已提到的 Do you know the girl in red? 3.独一无二的 the moon,the sun, the world, the earth 4.序数词、形容词最高级前 the first lesson,the biggest park 5.姓氏复数前,表一家人 the Greens 6.某一类别 The horse is a helpful animal. 7.与某些形容词连用,表一类人 the old,the sick 8.用于江河、海洋、山脉、群岛、沙漠等专有 名词前,或由普通名词构成的专有名词前 the Yellow River the Great Wall the Pacific Ocean the Summer Palace 9.方位及乐器名词前 in the east,play the piano 10. 以 festival 结尾的节日 the Spring Festival,the Mid-Autumn Festival 注意: 1.定冠词 the还可用于表示世纪、年代或朝代的词前 in the 20th century 在20世纪 in the 1960s在 20世纪 60年代 2.定冠词 the还可用于“by+the+计量单位名词”结构中,表示“按……” by the hour/ day/ week/ month/ year按小时/日/星期/月/年 by the pound/ yard/ ounce/ foot按磅/码/盎司/英尺 【典例破题】(2025·广州·模拟)I can play ______ guitar, but I can’t play ______ football. A. the; /   B. /; the   C. the; the   D. /; / 【答案】A 【思路点拨】本题主要考查冠词在乐器和球类前的用法。乐器前加定冠词 the(play the guitar),球类前不加冠词(play football)。故选 A。 记忆口诀:球类棋牌不加 the,西洋乐器 the 来陪! 【易错警示】 易错点 1:第二次提到时忘记用 the 特指。 错误:I have a dog. A dog is cute. 正确:I have a dog. The dog is cute.(第二次提到用 the) 易错点 2: 专有名词前加了 the。 错误:I went to the Beijing last year. 正确:I went to Beijing last year.(城市名前不加 the) 例外:the United States, the Great Wall(固定搭配要加) 易错点 3:最高级/序数词前的“铁律”与“例外” 铁律:最高级和序数词前必须加 the(the best, the first)。 唯一例外陷阱:当 most 不表“最”,而表 “非常、极其” 时,前面用 a/an,不用 the。 She is the most beautiful girl.(她是班里最美的那个。) She is a most beautiful girl.(她是个非常美的姑娘。此处 most = very,不涉及比较。) 【巩固提升1】 1.(25-26七年级下·西藏日喀则·期中)This is ________ useful book. ________ book is mine. A.a; The B.an; The C.a; A D.an; An 【答案】A 【详解】句意:这是一本有用的书。这本书是我的。 a一个,修饰以辅音音素开头的单词;an一个,修饰以元音音素开头的单词;the表示特指。第一空,useful发音以辅音音素/j/开头,表示泛指“一本”,用不定冠词 a;第二空,第二次提到该书,表特指,用定冠词The。 2.(25-26七年级下·四川自贡·期中)Tom, ________ American boy, is very good at playing ________ guitar. A.an; the B.a; the C.an; / 【答案】A 【详解】句意:美国男孩汤姆非常擅长弹吉他。 第一空表示泛指“一个”,American是以元音音素开头的单词,故用不定冠词an;乐器前需加定冠词the,play the guitar意为“弹吉他”。 3.(24-25七年级下·上海浦东新·期中)A Mr. Brown called you. He left you a message, saying that he wanted to visit ________ Palace Museum with you, which is one of ________ most popular spots in Beijing. A.the; a B.a; those C.the; the D./; the 【答案】C 【详解】句意:一位布朗先生给你打电话了。他给你留了个口信,说他想和你一起去参观故宫博物院,故宫博物院是北京最受欢迎的景点之一。   考查冠词用法。the表特指;a表泛指,用于辅音音素开头的单词前;those那些;/零冠词。第一个空,“Palace Museum”是特定的、独一无二的事物,前面要用定冠词“the”修饰;第二个空,“one of+the+形容词最高级+可数名词复数”是固定结构,表示“最……之一”,这里“most popular”是“popular”的最高级,前面必须加“the”。所以两个空都要用“the”,故选C。 【巩固提升2】 1.(25-26七年级上·山东济南·期中)My sister practices playing _________ violin every evening. 【答案】the 【详解】句意:我妹妹每天晚上练习拉小提琴。根据“playing…violin every evening.”可知,此处修饰乐器,应用定冠词the。故填the。 2.(24-25七年级上·四川内江·期中)Peter and I are in ________ same class, so (因此) we are classmates. 【答案】the 【详解】句意:彼得和我在同一个班,所以我们是同学。the same“同样的”,固定短语。故填the。 3.(24-25七年级下·福建厦门·期中)Jim has to make _________ bed before breakfast every morning. 【答案】his/the 【详解】句意:吉姆每天早餐前必须整理自己的床铺。“make the bed”或“make one’s bed”是固定搭配,意为“整理床铺”。此处可用形容词性物主代词“his”表示“他的床铺”,或用定冠词“the”表示泛指日常动作。 【巩固提升3】 1.(24-25七年级下·广东广州·期中)戴眼镜的那位男士是我们的数学老师。他来自上海。 ________ man ________ glasses is our math teacher. He ________ ________ Shanghai. 【答案】 The with comes/is from 【详解】the man with glasses“戴眼镜的那位男士”,come from=be from“来自”,句子应用一般现在时,主语为He,come用三单形式comes,be用is。故填The;with;comes/is;from。 2.(25-26七年级下·陕西渭南·期中)他最终跑过了终点线。 He finally crossed _________________________. 【答案】the finish line/the finishing line 【详解】原句中关键词是“终点线”,表示“终点线”的短语是“the finish line/the finishing line”,动词“crossed”后需要接宾语表示“跑过”的对象。故填the finish line/the finishing line。 3.(22-23七年级下·贵州铜仁·期中)——你的卧室在哪里?——在第二层。 —Where is your ________? —It’s on ________ second floor. 【答案】 bedroom the 【详解】bedroom“卧室”,名词,由“is”可知,应用名词单数;再根据“second”是序数词可知,第二空应用定冠词the。故填bedroom;the。 ◆零冠词 指名词前不用冠词的现象。 用法 示例 1.不可数名词和复数名词表泛指 Horses are helpful animals. 2.某些专有名词、物质名词、抽象名词表 泛指 China,Mary,Paper is made from wood. 3.名词前已有指示代词、形容词性物主代 词、不定代词或名词所有格等修饰 this book,my book,some books,Lily’s book 4.三餐、球类运动、学科前 have breakfast,play football,math 5. 由“专有名词+普通名词 ”构成的表示 街名、路名、山名等的词前 Nanjing Road,Hainan Island,Zhongshan Park 6.与 by 连用的交通工具名称前 by bus,by bike 7. 以 day 结尾的节假日名称前 Children’s Day,New Year’s Day 重难点: A 表类别: 马是一种有用的动物。 A horse is a useful animal. The horse is a useful animal. Horses are useful animals. B the+序数词 表示 “第几 ” a+序数词 表示 “再一 ” I have been to Beijing twice,but I would like to go there for a third time. 【典例破题】(2024·深圳·七年级上期中)We usually have ______ lunch at 12:00 and play ______ basketball after school. A. the; the   B. a; a   C. /; /   D. the; / 【答案】C 【思路点拨】本题主要考查零冠词的用法。三餐前不加冠词(have lunch),球类前不加冠词(play basketball)。故选 C。 【方法提炼】 三餐和球类活动都是不加冠词的常见场景,可直接作为规律记忆。 【易错警示】 易错点 1:三餐、球类、学科前“乱加冠词” 三餐:have breakfast / lunch / dinner。 (若说 a big dinner 是强调“一顿丰盛的”,此时变可数;但泛指吃饭绝不加。) 易错点 2: 季节、月份、星期前的“泛指陷阱” 泛指(不加):Summer is hot.(所有的夏天,抽象概念。) 特指(必加):The summer of 2026 was extremely hot.(有后置定语 of 2026 限定,必须用 the。) 秒杀技巧:只要没有后置定语限定范围,季节月份前一律零冠词。 易错点 3:称呼语、头衔、职位作补语时的“零冠词” 当职位、头衔在句中作表语、补足语或呼语,且表示“独一无二的职位”时,冠词消失。 正解:He was elected president.(当选总统,不加 the 也不加 a。) 正解:Captain, what's the order?(称呼船长,不加。) 对比:如果说 He is a president(他是众多总统中的一位),这就变成普通名词了,需要加 a。考的就是这种语感差异。 记忆口诀:下列情况应免冠,名词之前代词限;专有名词不可数,学科球棋三餐饭; 复数名词表泛指,星月节日四季前;颜色语种和国名,习语称呼及头衔。 易错点4:“by + 交通工具”与“on/in + 交通工具”的对比: by + 交通工具(by bike / by bus)→ 用 by on/in + 交通工具(on a bike / in a car)→ 用冠词 【巩固提升1】 1.(25-26七年级上·山东滨州·期中)Lucas likes playing ________ ping-pong, but her sister likes playing ________ erhu. A./; / B.the; / C.the; the D./; the 【答案】D 【详解】句意:Lucas喜欢打乒乓球,但她妹妹喜欢拉二胡。 第一空:球类运动、游戏名称前不加冠词,用零冠词。所以填/。第二空:乐器前通常加定冠词the。 2.(24-25七年级下·陕西西安·期中)Our National Day (国庆节) is on ________ first day in ________ October. A.a; the B.the; a C.the; / D.a; / 【答案】C 【详解】句意:我们的国庆节在十月的第一天。 考查冠词。a不定冠词;the定冠词;/零冠词。第一空后为序数词first,序数词前必须使用定冠词the,October“十月” , “在某月”直接使用 “in+月份”,故第二空不加任何冠词。故选C。 3.(25-26七年级下·江苏盐城·期中)Lily’s favorite subject is _________ art. She loves drawing. A.a B.an C.the D./ 【答案】D 【详解】句意:莉莉最喜欢的科目是美术。她喜欢画画。 a一个;an一个;the这/那;/ 不填。根据“favorite subject”可知此处表示学科名称,在英语中,学科名称前通常不加冠词。art意为“美术”,属于学科名,故前面不加任何冠词。 【巩固提升2】 1.(21-22七年级上·江苏镇江·期中)My mother always rides a bike to work. (改为同义句) My mother always goes to work ________ ________. 【答案】 by bike 【详解】句意:我的妈妈总是骑自行车去上班。ride a bike to work=go to work by bike“骑自行车上班”,by bike“骑自行车”,介词短语作方式状语。故填by;bike。 2.(24-25七年级上·山东滨州·期中)I play basketball every weekend with my brother and my friends. __________________________________________________ 【答案】我每周末与我的哥哥/弟弟和朋友们打篮球。 【详解】I我,作主语;play basketball打篮球,作谓语;every weekend每周末,作时间状语;with my brother and my friends与我的哥哥/弟弟和朋友们,作伴随状语。故答案为:我每周末与我的哥哥/弟弟和朋友们打篮球。 3.(22-23七年级下·广东汕头·期中)Watson is reading ________ [ˈnjuːzˌpeɪpə] while Sherlock Holmes is playing the violin. 【答案】newspapers 【详解】句意:华生在看报纸,福尔摩斯在拉小提琴。根据音标可知,空格处考查单词newspaper“报纸”,此处应用复数形式表示类别。故填newspapers。 【巩固提升3】 1.(21-22七年级下·重庆九龙坡·期中)It’s the ________ (village) dream to have a bridge. 【答案】villagers’ 【详解】句意:能有一座桥是村民们的梦想。此空修饰后面的名词“dream”,且和“dream”有所有关系,因此需用名词所有格,表示“村民”应用名词“villager”,此处应用复数形式“villigers”泛指一类,表示“村民们”;“villagers”的名词所有格是“villagers’”。故填villagers’。 2.(18-19七年级下·江苏苏州·期中)Westerners eat with a knife and _____. 【答案】fork 【详解】句意:西方人用刀叉吃饭。根据“Westerners eat”可知,西方人吃饭是用刀叉。而这里的“knife”和“fork”并不是两件并列东西,而是指组合到一起的成套的东西,也就是一副刀叉。因此fork前面不需要加上不定冠词。故填fork。 知识点二 数词 ◆基数词 0~12 13~19 几十 几十几 几百 几百几 逐个记忆 均以后缀-teen结尾 20~90均以-ty结尾 十位数与个位数之间加连词符“-” 具体数字+ hundred 百位数和末两位数之间用and连接 O zero 8 eight 1 one 9 nine 2 two 10 ten 3 three 11 eleven 4 four 12 twelve 5 five 6 six 7 seven 13 thirteen 14 fourteen 15 fifteen 16 sixteen 17 seventeen 18 eighteen 19 nineteen 20 twenty 30 thirty 40 forty 50 fifty 60 sixty 70 seventy 80 eighty 90 ninety 21 twenty-one 32 thirty-two 45 forty-five 56 fifty-six 68 sixty-eight 79 seventy-nine 83 eighty-three 99 ninety-nine 200 two hundred 102 one hundred and two 215 two hundred and fifteen 678 six hundred and seventy-eight 108→one hundred and eight, 146→one hundred and forty-six, 500→five hundred(不加s) , 1,001→one thousand and one, 1,813→one thousand eight hundred and thirteen. 注意: (1)百位与十位之间要加and;十万位和万位,亿位和千万位之间通常也要加and。 (2)英语用千、百万等单位计数,大数字从右向左看, 每隔三位划一逗号,倒数第一个逗号之前要用thousand,倒数第二个逗号之前要用million,倒数第三的逗号之前要用billion表示。 (3)hundred、 thousand、 million作数词时,不用复数,前面可以加上one, two, …等其它数词。用作名词 时复数表示“成…上…”,后面必须要有of,前面可以加上some,many,several等词。如:five hundred(五百), hundreds of(成百上千的), ten thousand(一万), thousands of(成千上万的), millions of(成百万的 【典例破题】(2025·南京·小升初模拟)Today is my ______ birthday. I am ______ years old now. A. twelve; twelfth   B. twelfth; twelve   C. twelve; twelve   D. twelfth; twelfth 【答案】B 【思路点拨】 本题主要考查基数词与序数词的区分。第一空表示“第几个生日”,用序数词 twelfth;第二空表示“多少岁”,用基数词 twelve。故选 B。 方法提炼:看到“第几个”用序数词,看到“多少个/多少岁”用基数词。 【易错警示】 易错点 1:百位与十位之间的“and 生死线” 这是听力填空和写作中最容易丢分的细节。在英式英语(以及国内绝大多数考试)中,百位和十位之间必须加 and;若无十位(个位前),也必须加 and 连接个位。 101:写作 one hundred and one(✘ 漏写 and 直接扣分)。 100:写作 one hundred(整百无十位个位,不加 and)。 美式口语可省略 and(如 one hundred one),但书面考试请务必写 and,这是最安全的做法。 易错点 2: 具体数量与模糊数量的用法 数词 + hundred/thousand/million 具体数量,不加 -s three hundred students(三百名学生) hundreds/thousands/millions + of 模糊数量,加 -s 和 of hundreds of students(数百名学生) 巧学妙记:有数不加 s,无数加 s 加 of;具体数字单数跟,模糊数量复数配! 易错点 3:带连字符的复合数词 ❌ twenty five(缺少连字符) ✅ twenty-five(21-99 之间非整十数要加连字符) 注意:只有个位数和十位数之间加连字符,百位以上的单位不加。 one hundred and twenty-five ✅(百位不加连字符,个位与十位加) 【巩固提升1】 1.(25-26七年级下·江苏宿迁·期中)Peter is ________ years old and today is just his ________ birthday. A.ninth;ninth B.ninth;nine C.nine;nine D.nine;ninth 【答案】D 【详解】句意:Peter九岁了,今天刚好是他的第九个生日。 表示“几岁”时,要用基数词(表示数量),所以第一空选nine;表示“第几个生日”时,要用序数词(表示顺序),所以第二空选ninth。 2.(25-26七年级下·福建龙岩·期中)—How many students are there in No. 3 High School? —About three ________ students, I think. A.thousand B.thousands C.thousands of 【答案】A 【详解】句意:——第三高中有多少学生?——我想大约三千名学生。 thousand千;thousands千(复数);thousands of成千上万的。根据“About three...students”可知,空前有具体数字three,表示具体数量时,thousand用单数形式且后不加of。 3.(25-26七年级下·江苏扬州·期中)The company is so famous that ________ people want to work there. But only ________ the people will get the job. A.thousands of; hundreds of B.thousands; hundreds of C.thousands of; two hundred D.thousands of; two hundred of 【答案】D 【详解】句意:这家公司如此著名,以至于成千上万的人想去那里工作。但是只有200人会得到这份工作。 当表示确数时,结构为“具体数字+hundred/thousand单数+名词”,不加of;当表示概数时,结构为“hundreds/thousands复数+of+名词”。第一空后无具体数字,表示概数,需用thousands of,排除B;第二空two hundred of the people,表示“这群人当中的200人”。A选项“hundreds of the people”虽然数量减少但并非确数,句意不够精确。C选项中two hundred后缺少of,故排除。 【巩固提升2】 1.(25-26七年级下·云南昆明·期中)My brother and I go to the cinema ________ a month. We have fun every time. (two) 【答案】twice 【详解】句意:我和我哥哥每月去两次电影院。我们每次都玩得很开心。根据“…a month”可知,此处指去电影院的频率。twice“两次”,副词。twice a month“一月两次”。故填twice。 2.(25-26七年级上·安徽马鞍山·期中)________ (thousand) of tourists come to our city during the National Day holiday to enjoy the nice view and food. 【答案】Thousands 【详解】句意:国庆期间,成千上万的游客来我们城市欣赏美景和美食。固定短语“thousands of”意为“成千上万的”,表示不确切的大数量。位于句首,首字母大写,故填Thousands。 3.(24-25七年级上·全国·课后作业)F________ books are here. Six are Tina’s and nine are Tom’s. 【答案】(F)ifteen 【详解】句意:这里有十五本书。六本是蒂娜的,九本是汤姆的。根据“Six are Tina’s and nine are Tom’s.”可知,本句涉及到两个数six和nine,six and nine is fifteen。所以此处是指15本书。故填(F)ifteen。 【巩固提升3】 1.(22-23七年级下·陕西榆林·期中)七十加八十是一百五十。 ________ and eighty is one hundred and fifty. 【答案】Seventy 【详解】根据中英文对照可知,空处缺“七十”对应的英文seventy,为基数词。Seventy and eighty意为“七十加八十”,在句中作主语。故填Seventy。 2.(24-25七年级上·安徽蚌埠·期中)我爷爷的农场有二十只鹅。(英文表达) There are _______ _______ on my granddad’s farm. 【答案】 twenty geese 【详解】根据中英文提示可知,缺少“二十只鹅”,“二十”对应的英文是数词twenty,后接可数名词复数;“鹅”的单数形式是goose,其复数形式为特殊变化geese。故填twenty;geese。 ◆序数词 1. 序数词的变化规则 变化规则 例子 1 、2 、3 不规则变化 first second third 4-19 基数词词尾加 th fourth,fifth,sixth,seventh ,eighth,ninth, tenth,eleventh twelfth, thirteenth 20-90 整数 ty 变为 tie 再加 th twentieth.thirtieth.fortieth 两位数或多位数(整数除外)只变个位数 twenty-first,one hundred and thirty-fourth 2. 分数 、小数 、百分数和时刻 分数 基数词作分子,序数词做分母, 分子大于 1 ,序数词要用复数 1/3 1/2 one third a half 3/4 three fourths 1/4 one quarter 小数 小数点左边数字合起来读;右边 数字分开读;小数点读作 point 0.4 zero point four 或 point four 25.67 twenty-five point six seven 百分数 基数词+percent 3% three percent 时刻 整点 基数词+o’clock 5:00 five o’clock 几点过几分 分钟+past+小时 5:06 six past five (five six) 几点差几分 分钟+to+(小时+1) 5:58 two to six (five fifty-eight) 数量 基数词+单位词+形容词 基数词+单位词+in+名词 5 meters long/wide/high 5 meters in length/width/height 注意: 1.基数词也可以表示序数。(常见的有 lesson/unit/page/room/class/grade) the first lesson--Lesson One the fifth page--Page 5 I am in Class 2,Grade 7. 2.数词+more another+数词 two more months another two months 【典例破题】(2024·成都)There are ______ students in my class. I sit in the ______ row. A. forty; three   B. fortieth; third   C. forty; third   D. fortieth; three 【答案】C 【思路点拨】 本题主要考查基数词与序数词的区分。第一空表示“四十个学生”,用基数词 forty;第二空表示“第三排”,用序数词 third。故选 C。 【方法提炼】 数量用基数词,顺序用序数词。注意拼写:forty(四十)≠ fourteen(十四),third(第三)≠ three(三)。 【易错警示】 易错点1:拼写错误——特殊变化记不住 fifth 第五 forty 四十 ninth 第九 易错点 2:整十数的变化——变 y 为 ie 再加 th  所有以 -ty 结尾的整十数(20-90),变序数词时: 变 y 为 ie + th: twenty → twentieth ninety → ninetieth 易错点 3:几十几的变位——只变个位数 ❌ ninety-fifth(正确写法,但误写成 ninetieth-fifth) ✅ ninety-fifth(只变个位:ninety + fifth) 记忆口诀:几十几变序数,整十不变个位改;连字符一定要加,这是考试得分点! 易错点4:序数词前忘记加 the This is the first time I visit Beijing 【巩固提升1】 1.(25-26七年级上·广东江门·期中)The music room is on ________ floor of Building 3. A.three B.the three C.third D.the third 【答案】D 【详解】句意:音乐室在3号楼的第三层。 表示“在第几层楼”常用固定结构“on the+序数词+floor”。three是基数词,third是序数词,序数词前通常加定冠词the。根据语法规则,此处应用the third。 2.(25-26七年级下·江苏常州·期中)________ gifts are sent to David to celebrate his ________ birthday. A.The number of, nine B.A number of, ninth C.A number of, nine D.The number of, ninth 【答案】B 【详解】句意:许多礼物被送给大卫来庆祝他的九岁生日。 The number of……的数量,作主语时谓语用单数;A number of许多;nine九;ninth第九。根据“gifts are sent”可知,表示“许多礼物”,用A number of;表示“九岁生日”应用序数词ninth。应填A number of, ninth。 3.(25-26七年级下·江苏盐城·期中)Mrs Green lives in an old apartment with ________ floors and she is going to celebrate her ________ birthday. A.six; sixtieth B.sixth; the sixtieth C.six; the sixtieth D.sixth; sixtieth 【答案】A 【详解】句意:格林夫人住在一栋有六层楼的旧公寓里,她将要庆祝她的六十岁生日。 第一空后为复数名词floors,需用基数词six表示数量“六”;第二空表示“第六十个生日”,需用序数词sixtieth,且序数词前有形容词性物主代词her修饰时,无需加定冠词the。 【巩固提升2】 1.(25-26七年级下·江苏无锡·期中)On her ________(ninety) birthday, the kind old woman gets lots of love from neighbors. 【答案】ninetieth 【详解】句意:在她第九十个生日(九十岁生日)那天,这位善良的老妇人收到了来自邻居们的许多关爱。根据句子“On her ______ (ninety) birthday”可知,表示“某人的第……个生日”时需用序数词,基数词ninety的序数词形式为ninetieth,故填ninetieth。 2.(25-26七年级下·江苏扬州·期中)She will celebrate her ________ birthday with her family next month. (四十九) 【答案】forty-ninth 【详解】句意:她下个月将和家人庆祝第四十九岁生日。此处需用序数词修饰birthday,“第四十九”对应英文forty-ninth。 3.(25-26七年级下·云南昆明·期中)It’s Tom’s ________ day at this school. He wants to know something about the school. (one) 【答案】first 【详解】句意:这是Tom在这所学校的第一天,他想了解一些关于这所学校的情况。此处表示“第一”,需用序数词,基数词one对应的序数词为first,故填first。 【巩固提升3】 1.(24-25七年级下·江苏无锡·期中)这对老夫妻喜欢住在一楼,因为门外就有个小花园。 The old couple like to live ________ ________ ________ ________, because there’s a garden outside. 【答案】 on the first floor 【详解】the first floor“一楼”,住在几楼用介词on表示“在”,故填on;the;first;floor。 2.(24-25七年级下·江苏泰州·期中)Please turn to page 12.(用英语写出同义句) Please turn to ________ ________ page. 【答案】 the twelfth 【详解】句意:请翻到第十二页。根据两句对照可知,此处缺少“第十二”,英文表达为twelfth,序数词前加the。故填the;twelfth。 3.(24-25七年级上·四川眉山·期中)12月是一年中的第12个月。 ________ is the ________ month of a year. 【答案】 December twelfth 【详解】根据汉语提示可知第一空应用December“12月”,作主语;第二空应用序数词twelfth“第十二”,修饰名词“month”,表示顺序。故填December;twelfth。 一、单项选择 1.(25-26七年级下·黑龙江大庆·期中)When you go to a party for ________ first time, you should arrive there on ________ time. A./; / B.the; the C./; the D.the; / 【答案】D 【详解】句意:当你第一次去参加聚会时,你应该准时到达那里。 the定冠词;/零冠词。第一空,序数词first前通常加定冠词the,固定短语for the first time意为“第一次”;第二空,固定短语on time意为“准时”,中间不加冠词。 2.(25-26七年级下·江苏镇江·期中)—How do you like ________ film Kungfu Panda? —It is so wonderful that I want to see it for a second time. A.a B.an C.the D./ 【答案】C 【详解】句意:——你觉得《功夫熊猫》这部电影怎么样?——它太精彩了,我想再看一遍。 a一个;an一个;the这/那;/不填。根据“film Kungfu Panda”可知,film被专有名词修饰,表示特指这部具体的电影,应用定冠词the。 3.(25-26七年级下·江苏扬州·期中)— Who will go on the trip to the zoo this Saturday? — All the teachers and ________students. A.thousand of B.thousands of C.hundreds of D.hundreds 【答案】C 【详解】句意:—— 谁将参加本周六的动物园之旅?—— 所有的老师和数百名学生。 当 hundred/thousand前无具体数字表示概数时,需用复数形式加of。排除选项A和D。B项表示“数千”,C项表示“数百”,结合学校出游语境,数百名学生更符合常理。 4.(25-26七年级下·甘肃白银·期中)This tall building has ________ floors. I live on the ________ floor. A.nine; ninth B.ninth; nine C.nine ; nine D.nineth; nine 【答案】A 【详解】句意:这栋高楼有九层。我住在第九层。 第一空表示楼层的数量,应用基数词nine;第二空表示第几层,表顺序,应用序数词ninth。应填nine; ninth。 5.(25-26七年级下·甘肃白银·期中)He likes playing ________ basketball, but he can also play ________ erhu. A.an; / B.an; a C.a; / D./ ; the 【答案】D 【详解】句意:他喜欢打篮球,但他也会拉二胡。 play后接球类运动名词时不加冠词,后接乐器名词时需加定冠词the。basketball是球类运动,前面不加冠词;erhu是乐器,前面加the。应填/ ; the。 二、用所给单词的适当形式填空 1.(25-26七年级上·湖北襄阳·期中)There is ________ (a) eraser and three bottles on the table. 【答案】an 【详解】句意:桌子上有一块橡皮和三个瓶子。there be句型需要用就近原则,谓语动词是is,故此处的“eraser”是单数形式。又因“eraser”是元音音素开头,需要用“an”,表示泛指一块橡皮。故填an。 2.(23-24七年级上·辽宁大连·期中)— What’s fifty and forty? — It’s ________. (nine) 【答案】ninety 【详解】句意:——五十加四十是多少?——是九十。根据“What’s fifty and forty?”可知,此处缺少表达“九十”。括号内所给单词nine“九”,在词尾加上ty,变成ninety“九十”。故填ninety。 3.(25-26七年级下·江苏常州·期中)My best friend Sandy lives above me. She lives on the ________ (twelve) floor. 【答案】twelfth 【详解】句意:我最好的朋友Sandy住在我楼上,她住在第十二层。表示“第几层楼”时,需用序数词,基数词twelve“十二”,对应的序数词是twelfth“第十二”,符合语境。 4.(25-26七年级下·河南南阳·期中)—How can we read the number “45,390”? —Forty-five thousand, three ________ (hundred) and ninety. 【答案】hundred 【详解】句意:——我们如何读数字45,390?——四万五千三百九十。句中“Forty-five thousand, three ______ (hundred) and ninety.”为数字读法的固定结构。在英语数字读法中,百位数“hundred”前有具体数字时,hundred需用单数形式,不加-s。故填hundred。 5.(25-26七年级上·甘肃天水·期中)There are about three ________ (million) people in our city. 【答案】million 【详解】句意:我们城市大约有三百万人。根据“There are about three…people in our city.”及提示词可知,million前面有具体数字修饰时,只能用单数形式。故填million。 三、语法选择 (24-25七年级上·重庆·阶段检测)John is 1 8-year-old boy. He doesn’t like doing sports 2 homework. When the teacher asks him for the homework, he often 3 “My homework is at home.” or “My homework is lost.” 4 the morning of October 11th, John and his classmates have a school trip to a wildlife zoo together. Their teacher, Miss Miller, takes her students to the zoo. When they get to the zoo, they take a special bus to visit the animals there. On the bus, Miss Miller says, “Now, boys and girls, we can 5 many fun animals outside the window. You need to watch 6 carefully (仔细地) and write them down on your notebooks. It can 7 you to write your composition (作文) after the trip.” The students look 8 of the window. Miss Miller and other students are all happy and 9 . But only John lies (躺在) on the floor. When Miss Miller sees that, she asks John, “ 10 are you on the floor?” “Miss Miller, if I can not see things out of the bus, I don’t need to write them in the notebook and then I needn’t write a composition. Right?” 1.A.an B.the C.a 2.A.and B.but C.or 3.A.says B.talks C.speaks 4.A.At B.On C.In 5.A.to see B.seeing C.see 6.A.it B.her C.them 7.A.make B.help C.let 8.A.out B.up C.at 9.A.interested B.bored C.sad 10.A.How B.Where C.Why 【答案】 1.A 2.C 3.A 4.B 5.C 6.C 7.B 8.A 9.A 10.C 【导语】本文讲述不爱运动也不爱写作业的小男孩John,在一次动物园研学活动中,为了逃避写观察作文,故意躺在巴士地板上不看向窗外的动物,被老师发现后闹出笑话的故事。 【详解】1.句意:John是一个8岁的男孩。 8-year-old以元音音素开头,用不定冠词an“一个”符合语法规则。the“这个/那个(定冠词,表特指)”,a“一个(不定冠词,用于辅音音素开头的单词前)”,均不符合。 2.句意:他不喜欢做运动,也不喜欢做作业。 否定句中并列成分用or连接,or“或者”符合语境。and“和(用于肯定句)”,but“但是(表转折)”,均不符合。 3.句意:当老师向他要作业时,他经常说 “我的作业忘在家里了” 或者 “我的作业丢了”。 后面接直接引语,用says“说”符合语境。talks“谈论(侧重交谈)”,speaks“说(侧重说语言)”,均不符合。 4.句意:10月11日早上,John和同学们一起去野生动物园研学。 具体某一天的早上用介词on,On“在……(具体某天的早上/下午/晚上)”符合语境。At“在(具体时刻)”,In“在(年/月/季节/泛指的早上/下午/晚上)”,均不符合。 5.句意:现在,孩子们,我们可以看到窗外很多有趣的动物。 情态动词can后接动词原形,see“看见”符合语法规则。to see“看见(不定式)”,seeing“看见(现在分词)”,均不符合。 6.句意:你们需要仔细观察它们,并把它们写在笔记本上。 指代前面提到的many fun animals,用them“它们”符合语境。it“它(单数)”,her“她/她的”,均不符合。 7.句意:这可以帮助你们在研学后写作文。 由原文“...you to write”可知,此处是固定搭配help sb. to do sth.表示“帮助某人做某事”,help“帮助”符合语境。make“使(make sb. do sth.)”,let“让(let sb. do sth.)”,均不符合。 8.句意:学生们都看向窗外。 固定搭配look out of the window表示“看向窗外”,out“向外”符合语境。up“向上”,at“朝……看(后接宾语)”,均不符合。 9.句意:Miller老师和其他同学都很开心,也很感兴趣。 大家都对窗外的动物感兴趣,interested“感兴趣的”符合语境。bored“无聊的”,sad“难过的”,均不符合。 10.句意:Miller老师看到后问John:“你为什么躺在地板上?” 老师询问John躺在地上的原因,Why“为什么”符合语境。How“怎样”,Where“哪里”,均不符合。 四、语法填空 (25-26七年级上·上海闵行·期中)阅读下面短文,在空白处填入一个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 One day, Diana found her mother was not feeling well. She 1 (careful) asked her mother what was wrong. Her mother said she had a headache. Diana 2 (go) to get her mother some medicine and then prepared some noodles for her. After her mother finished eating, she went to school. In the afternoon, Diana’s mother called her to come back home 3 (have) a rest. When she got home, she found her mother 4 (lie) in bed and sleeping. Diana thought her mother must be very tired. So Diana 5 (let) her mother sleep till five o’clock. Two hours later, Diana woke her mother up and asked her to have dinner. But her mother said, “No, I don’t want to eat anything now. I still feel 6 (bad)” Diana was 7 (worry). She asked her mother to go to see a doctor, but her mother refused. Diana was so worried that she began to cry. Her mother comforted her, “Don’t cry, dear. I will be well soon.” Diana thought maybe her mother was right. She was too tired. After dinner, Diana’s mother looked a little 8 (well). Diana was very happy. She thought, “I will take good care of my mother from now on. I hope my mother will be healthy and happy forever.” 【答案】1.carefully 2.went 3.to have 4.lying 5.let 6.bad 7.worried 8.better 【导语】本文讲述了戴安娜在妈妈生病时悉心照顾妈妈的故事,展现了母女之间温暖的亲情。 【详解】1.句意:她小心翼翼地问妈妈怎么了。修饰动词asked需用副词作状语,careful的副词形式为carefully。 2.句意:戴安娜去给妈妈拿了些药,然后给她做了一些面条。故事讲述过去发生的事情,用一般过去时,go的过去式为went。 3.句意:下午,戴安娜的妈妈打电话叫她回家休息。此处用动词不定式作目的状语,表示回家的目的是休息,填to have。 4.句意:当她到家时,发现妈妈正躺在床上睡觉。“find sb. doing sth.”为固定搭配,意为“发现某人正在做某事”,lie 表示“躺”时,现在分词形式为lying。 5.句意:所以戴安娜让妈妈一直睡到五点钟。句子为一般过去时,let的过去式仍为let。 6.句意:我现在什么都不想吃,我还是感觉不舒服。根据前文“不想吃东西”可知妈妈身体状况不好,直接用原形形容词修饰妈妈的身体状况,意为“不舒服的、糟糕的”。 7.句意:戴安娜很担心。be动词后需用形容词作表语,worry的形容词形式为worried,意为“担心的”。 8.句意:晚饭后,戴安娜的妈妈看起来好一点了。a little可修饰形容词比较级,表示程度,well表示“身体好”时,比较级为better。 五、阅读理解 (25-26七年级上·广西河池·期末)My name is Daniel. I am in Grade 7. This is my first year of middle school. We go to school five days a week and have seven classes every day. We study maths, Chinese and English. We also have other subjects. They are science, geography, history and PE. PE is my favourite subject. We have different clubs to join after school. Some clubs are for fun, such as the guitar club and the chess club. Some clubs are for study, such as the English club and the science club. I’m a member of the English club. It is fun to learn English there. There are 1,800 students in our school. Many new students have problems with their new school life. When they have problems, they often do not want to tell the teachers. In our school, students in Grade 9 can join the Helping Hands Club. These brothers and sisters talk to the new students and help them with their problems. 根据语篇内容,回答问题。 1.What’s Daniel’s favourite subject? 2.What club does Daniel join? 3.How many kinds of clubs are there in Daniel’s school? 4.What’s the problem with the new students? 5.What do the students in the Helping Hands Club do? 【答案】1.PE (is his favourite subject). 2.(He joins) the English club. 3.Three./3. 4.They have problems with their new school life. 5.They talk to the new students and help them with their problems. 【导语】本文是七年级的丹尼尔介绍自己的上学的情况,喜欢的科目,俱乐部等情况,同时也介绍了新生们在学校生活中遇到问题时可以求助援助之手俱乐部。 【详解】1.原文第一段:“My name is Daniel...PE is my favourite subject.”明确提到Daniel最喜欢的科目是体育。直接提取科目信息。 2.原文第二段:“I’m a member of the English club.”明确提到Daniel加入的是英语俱乐部。直接提取信息。 3.原文第二段:“Some clubs are for fun...Some clubs are for study.”以及第三段:“In our school, students in Grade 9 can join the Helping Hands Club.”明确提到学校有三种类型的俱乐部:娱乐类、学习类和帮助类。直接回答数字信息。 4.原文第三段:“Many new students have problems with their new school life.”明确提到新生可能对新的学校生活感到不适应。直接提取信息。 5.原文第三段:“In our school, students in Grade 9 can join the Helping Hands Club. These brothers and sisters talk to the new students and help them with their problems.”明确提到援助之手俱乐部的学生会和新生交流,帮助他们解决问题。直接提取信息。 19 / 21 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 $ 专题04 冠词和数词 内容导航 01 复习目标→ 明考向、知权重、晓关联、以目标导学,以考向定标 02 知识重构 → 系统讲解核心知识,重构整合形成体系 脉络重构:快速扫描高频考点,定位薄区 典例破题:精选例题,呈现思路点拨+规范解答+方法提炼 巩固提升:趁热打铁练一练,强化巩固所学 03综合通关 → 综合演练,梯度设题;查漏补缺,闭环收官 知识点 常考考点 命题风向 不定冠词 (a/an) 1. a 与 an 的选择(元音音素开头用 an); 2. 表示“一个”或“某一类”。 1. 考查元音音素与辅音音素的区分; 2. 结合语境判断用不定冠词还是定冠词。 定冠词(the) 1. 特指上文提到过的人或物; 2. 世界上独一无二的事物; 3. 乐器前、方位词前等固定用法。 1. 考查“第二次提到”用 the; 2. 考查固定搭配中的冠词使用。 零冠词 1. 球类、棋牌类前不加冠词; 2. 三餐前不加冠词; 3. 专有名词前一般不加冠词。 1. 考查“球类/三餐前不加冠词”的规则; 2. 与定冠词用法混合考查。 数词 1. 基数词表示数量; 2. 序数词表示顺序; 3. 时间、日期、编号等表达。 1. 考查基数词与序数词的正确选用; 2. 结合日期、楼层、编号等生活场景考查。 考情解码: 冠词和数词是英语中最基础、最常见的词类。冠词虽小,但用法灵活,是各类考试的必考点,尤其是不定冠词 a/an 的选择和定冠词 the 的特指用法。数词主要考查基数词与序数词的区分以及在时间、日期中的正确表达。小升初阶段重在掌握基本规则和固定搭配。 ( 脉 | 络 | 重 | 构 ) ( 考 | 点 | 精 | 讲 ) 【课标要求】冠词:正确使用不定冠词 a / an,理解其表示“一个”或“某一类”的含义;正确使用定冠词 the,理解其表示特指的含义;初步了解零冠词的使用场景(球类、三餐、专有名词前等)。 数词:正确使用基数词表示数量(one, two, three...);正确使用序数词表示顺序(first, second, third...); 能够用数词表达时间、日期、年龄、编号等。 知识点一 冠词 ◆不定冠词 不定冠词a/an:不定冠词a/an常用于单数可数名词前,泛指某一类人或事物中的“一个”。 1. 不定冠词的基本用法 用法 示例 1.第一次提到 This is a book. 2.某一类别 A horse is a helpful animal. 3.泛指 A young man is waiting for you. 4.用于物质、抽象名词前 have a great time a big success 5.视为一个整体的两个名词前 a knife and fork 一副刀叉 6.“a+序数词 ”,表示“又一,再一 ” The cake is delicious and I would like a third one. 7.“每一 ” twice a week three times a day 2. 不定冠词a/an的区别 a 以辅音音素开头的单词 useful university European b u an 以元音音素开头的单词 hour honest umbrella English eight h s 注意: 元音看的是开头音素,不是开头字母 有些单词虽以元音字母开头,但发音却以辅音音素开头如: a university 一所大学 有些单词虽以辅音字母开头,但发音却以元音音素开头 如:an hour一小时 巧学妙记:五个元音字母:A E I O U但看音标不字母,元音音素才用 an! 【典例破题】(2024·北京·小升初真题)This is ______ useful book. It tells us how to learn English well. A. a   B. an  C. the   D. / 【答案】A 【思路点拨】本题主要考查不定冠词 a / an 的选择。空格后的词是 useful,首字母为 u,但读音为 /ˈjuːsfl/,以辅音音素 /j/ 开头,因此要用 a。故选 A。 【方法提炼】 判断用 a 还是 an,要看单词的读音,尤其是首字母为 u / h / e 等容易出错的词。 【易错警示】 易错点 1:只看首字母,不看读音。 错误:an university 正确:a university(university 读 /juːnɪˈvɜːsəti/,以辅音 /j/ 开头) a European country(Eu 读 /jʊə/,以辅音 /j/ 开头) 易错点 2:滥用冠词——该省略时一定要省略(复数/不可数) 不定冠词 a/an 在语法上等同于 “一个”,绝对不能修饰复数名词和不可数名词。 错例:There are a books on the desk.(✘) → There are books.(✔) 易错点 3:职业身份前“光杆司令”(漏用冠词) 在英语中,单数可数名词不能“裸奔”。尤其在描述职业、身份时,必须加冠词。 错例:She is teacher. / He wants to be doctor.(✘ 这是典型的中式英语直译 正解:She is a teacher. / He wants to be a doctor.(✔) 记忆口诀:可数单数不裸奔,辅音a来元音an;辨别读音不辨字,不可数前莫乱掺。” 【巩固提升1】 1.(25-26七年级上·福建漳州·期中)My brother is ________ 8-year-old boy. A.a B.an C.the 2.(25-26七年级下·天津蓟州·期中)His home was ________ small house at ________ side of a big town. A.a; an B.a; / C.a; the D.an; a 3.(25-26七年级下·江苏南京·期中)—Do you know ________ girl over there? —Yes, she is ________ exchange student from the UK. A.a;an B.the;an C.the;a D.a;the 【巩固提升2】 1.(25-26七年级下·四川绵阳·期中)There is ________ umbrella on the desk. Is it yours? 2.(24-25七年级上·云南昆明·期中)___________ is on the farm. (一只大猫) 3.(25-26七年级下·四川内江·期中)He is 11 years old. (改为同义句) He is ________ ________ boy. 【巩固提升3】 1.(24-25七年级上·陕西宝鸡·期中)我的书包里有一个橙色的瓶子。 I have _______________________ in my schoolbag. 2.(24-25七年级上·全国·课后作业)Are there any offices over there?(改为单数形式) ________ there ________ office over there? 3.(25-26七年级上·福建福州·期中)My uncle works in a big factory. (同义句转换) My uncle is ________ ________ in a big factory. ◆定冠词 定冠词 the 表示“这个”“那个”“这些”“那些”,用于特指某个人或事物。 用法 示例 1.双方都知道的 Give me the book,please. 2.特指的或上文已提到的 Do you know the girl in red? 3.独一无二的 the moon,the sun, the world, the earth 4.序数词、形容词最高级前 the first lesson,the biggest park 5.姓氏复数前,表一家人 the Greens 6.某一类别 The horse is a helpful animal. 7.与某些形容词连用,表一类人 the old,the sick 8.用于江河、海洋、山脉、群岛、沙漠等专有 名词前,或由普通名词构成的专有名词前 the Yellow River the Great Wall the Pacific Ocean the Summer Palace 9.方位及乐器名词前 in the east,play the piano 10. 以 festival 结尾的节日 the Spring Festival,the Mid-Autumn Festival 注意: 1.定冠词 the还可用于表示世纪、年代或朝代的词前 in the 20th century 在20世纪 in the 1960s在 20世纪 60年代 2.定冠词 the还可用于“by+the+计量单位名词”结构中,表示“按……” by the hour/ day/ week/ month/ year按小时/日/星期/月/年 by the pound/ yard/ ounce/ foot按磅/码/盎司/英尺 【典例破题】(2025·广州·模拟)I can play ______ guitar, but I can’t play ______ football. A. the; /   B. /; the   C. the; the   D. /; / 【答案】A 【思路点拨】本题主要考查冠词在乐器和球类前的用法。乐器前加定冠词 the(play the guitar),球类前不加冠词(play football)。故选 A。 记忆口诀:球类棋牌不加 the,西洋乐器 the 来陪! 【易错警示】 易错点 1:第二次提到时忘记用 the 特指。 错误:I have a dog. A dog is cute. 正确:I have a dog. The dog is cute.(第二次提到用 the) 易错点 2: 专有名词前加了 the。 错误:I went to the Beijing last year. 正确:I went to Beijing last year.(城市名前不加 the) 例外:the United States, the Great Wall(固定搭配要加) 易错点 3:最高级/序数词前的“铁律”与“例外” 铁律:最高级和序数词前必须加 the(the best, the first)。 唯一例外陷阱:当 most 不表“最”,而表 “非常、极其” 时,前面用 a/an,不用 the。 She is the most beautiful girl.(她是班里最美的那个。) She is a most beautiful girl.(她是个非常美的姑娘。此处 most = very,不涉及比较。) 【巩固提升1】 1.(25-26七年级下·西藏日喀则·期中)This is ________ useful book. ________ book is mine. A.a; The B.an; The C.a; A D.an; An 2.(25-26七年级下·四川自贡·期中)Tom, ________ American boy, is very good at playing ________ guitar. A.an; the B.a; the C.an; / 3.(24-25七年级下·上海浦东新·期中)A Mr. Brown called you. He left you a message, saying that he wanted to visit ________ Palace Museum with you, which is one of ________ most popular spots in Beijing. A.the; a B.a; those C.the; the D./; the 【巩固提升2】 1.(25-26七年级上·山东济南·期中)My sister practices playing _________ violin every evening. 2.(24-25七年级上·四川内江·期中)Peter and I are in ________ same class, so (因此) we are classmates. 3.(24-25七年级下·福建厦门·期中)Jim has to make _________ bed before breakfast every morning. 【巩固提升3】 1.(24-25七年级下·广东广州·期中)戴眼镜的那位男士是我们的数学老师。他来自上海。 ________ man ________ glasses is our math teacher. He ________ ________ Shanghai. 2.(25-26七年级下·陕西渭南·期中)他最终跑过了终点线。 He finally crossed _________________________. 3.(22-23七年级下·贵州铜仁·期中)——你的卧室在哪里?——在第二层。 —Where is your ________? —It’s on ________ second floor. ◆零冠词 指名词前不用冠词的现象。 用法 示例 1.不可数名词和复数名词表泛指 Horses are helpful animals. 2.某些专有名词、物质名词、抽象名词表 泛指 China,Mary,Paper is made from wood. 3.名词前已有指示代词、形容词性物主代 词、不定代词或名词所有格等修饰 this book,my book,some books,Lily’s book 4.三餐、球类运动、学科前 have breakfast,play football,math 5. 由“专有名词+普通名词 ”构成的表示 街名、路名、山名等的词前 Nanjing Road,Hainan Island,Zhongshan Park 6.与 by 连用的交通工具名称前 by bus,by bike 7. 以 day 结尾的节假日名称前 Children’s Day,New Year’s Day 重难点: A 表类别: 马是一种有用的动物。 A horse is a useful animal. The horse is a useful animal. Horses are useful animals. B the+序数词 表示 “第几 ” a+序数词 表示 “再一 ” I have been to Beijing twice,but I would like to go there for a third time. 【典例破题】(2024·深圳·七年级上期中)We usually have ______ lunch at 12:00 and play ______ basketball after school. A. the; the   B. a; a   C. /; /   D. the; / 【答案】C 【思路点拨】本题主要考查零冠词的用法。三餐前不加冠词(have lunch),球类前不加冠词(play basketball)。故选 C。 【方法提炼】 三餐和球类活动都是不加冠词的常见场景,可直接作为规律记忆。 【易错警示】 易错点 1:三餐、球类、学科前“乱加冠词” 三餐:have breakfast / lunch / dinner。 (若说 a big dinner 是强调“一顿丰盛的”,此时变可数;但泛指吃饭绝不加。) 易错点 2: 季节、月份、星期前的“泛指陷阱” 泛指(不加):Summer is hot.(所有的夏天,抽象概念。) 特指(必加):The summer of 2026 was extremely hot.(有后置定语 of 2026 限定,必须用 the。) 秒杀技巧:只要没有后置定语限定范围,季节月份前一律零冠词。 易错点 3:称呼语、头衔、职位作补语时的“零冠词” 当职位、头衔在句中作表语、补足语或呼语,且表示“独一无二的职位”时,冠词消失。 正解:He was elected president.(当选总统,不加 the 也不加 a。) 正解:Captain, what's the order?(称呼船长,不加。) 对比:如果说 He is a president(他是众多总统中的一位),这就变成普通名词了,需要加 a。考的就是这种语感差异。 记忆口诀:下列情况应免冠,名词之前代词限;专有名词不可数,学科球棋三餐饭; 复数名词表泛指,星月节日四季前;颜色语种和国名,习语称呼及头衔。 易错点4:“by + 交通工具”与“on/in + 交通工具”的对比: by + 交通工具(by bike / by bus)→ 用 by on/in + 交通工具(on a bike / in a car)→ 用冠词 【巩固提升1】 1.(25-26七年级上·山东滨州·期中)Lucas likes playing ________ ping-pong, but her sister likes playing ________ erhu. A./; / B.the; / C.the; the D./; the 2.(24-25七年级下·陕西西安·期中)Our National Day (国庆节) is on ________ first day in ________ October. A.a; the B.the; a C.the; / D.a; / 3.(25-26七年级下·江苏盐城·期中)Lily’s favorite subject is _________ art. She loves drawing. A.a B.an C.the D./ 【巩固提升2】 1.(21-22七年级上·江苏镇江·期中)My mother always rides a bike to work. (改为同义句) My mother always goes to work ________ ________. 2.(24-25七年级上·山东滨州·期中)I play basketball every weekend with my brother and my friends. __________________________________________________ 3.(22-23七年级下·广东汕头·期中)Watson is reading ________ [ˈnjuːzˌpeɪpə] while Sherlock Holmes is playing the violin. 【巩固提升3】 1.(21-22七年级下·重庆九龙坡·期中)It’s the ________ (village) dream to have a bridge. 2.(18-19七年级下·江苏苏州·期中)Westerners eat with a knife and _____. 知识点二 数词 ◆基数词 0~12 13~19 几十 几十几 几百 几百几 逐个记忆 均以后缀-teen结尾 20~90均以-ty结尾 十位数与个位数之间加连词符“-” 具体数字+ hundred 百位数和末两位数之间用and连接 O zero 8 eight 1 one 9 nine 2 two 10 ten 3 three 11 eleven 4 four 12 twelve 5 five 6 six 7 seven 13 thirteen 14 fourteen 15 fifteen 16 sixteen 17 seventeen 18 eighteen 19 nineteen 20 twenty 30 thirty 40 forty 50 fifty 60 sixty 70 seventy 80 eighty 90 ninety 21 twenty-one 32 thirty-two 45 forty-five 56 fifty-six 68 sixty-eight 79 seventy-nine 83 eighty-three 99 ninety-nine 200 two hundred 102 one hundred and two 215 two hundred and fifteen 678 six hundred and seventy-eight 108→one hundred and eight, 146→one hundred and forty-six, 500→five hundred(不加s) , 1,001→one thousand and one, 1,813→one thousand eight hundred and thirteen. 注意: (1)百位与十位之间要加and;十万位和万位,亿位和千万位之间通常也要加and。 (2)英语用千、百万等单位计数,大数字从右向左看, 每隔三位划一逗号,倒数第一个逗号之前要用thousand,倒数第二个逗号之前要用million,倒数第三的逗号之前要用billion表示。 (3)hundred、 thousand、 million作数词时,不用复数,前面可以加上one, two, …等其它数词。用作名词 时复数表示“成…上…”,后面必须要有of,前面可以加上some,many,several等词。如:five hundred(五百), hundreds of(成百上千的), ten thousand(一万), thousands of(成千上万的), millions of(成百万的 【典例破题】(2025·南京·小升初模拟)Today is my ______ birthday. I am ______ years old now. A. twelve; twelfth   B. twelfth; twelve   C. twelve; twelve   D. twelfth; twelfth 【答案】B 【思路点拨】 本题主要考查基数词与序数词的区分。第一空表示“第几个生日”,用序数词 twelfth;第二空表示“多少岁”,用基数词 twelve。故选 B。 方法提炼:看到“第几个”用序数词,看到“多少个/多少岁”用基数词。 【易错警示】 易错点 1:百位与十位之间的“and 生死线” 这是听力填空和写作中最容易丢分的细节。在英式英语(以及国内绝大多数考试)中,百位和十位之间必须加 and;若无十位(个位前),也必须加 and 连接个位。 101:写作 one hundred and one(✘ 漏写 and 直接扣分)。 100:写作 one hundred(整百无十位个位,不加 and)。 美式口语可省略 and(如 one hundred one),但书面考试请务必写 and,这是最安全的做法。 易错点 2: 具体数量与模糊数量的用法 数词 + hundred/thousand/million 具体数量,不加 -s three hundred students(三百名学生) hundreds/thousands/millions + of 模糊数量,加 -s 和 of hundreds of students(数百名学生) 巧学妙记:有数不加 s,无数加 s 加 of;具体数字单数跟,模糊数量复数配! 易错点 3:带连字符的复合数词 ❌ twenty five(缺少连字符) ✅ twenty-five(21-99 之间非整十数要加连字符) 注意:只有个位数和十位数之间加连字符,百位以上的单位不加。 one hundred and twenty-five ✅(百位不加连字符,个位与十位加) 【巩固提升1】 1.(25-26七年级下·江苏宿迁·期中)Peter is ________ years old and today is just his ________ birthday. A.ninth;ninth B.ninth;nine C.nine;nine D.nine;ninth 2.(25-26七年级下·福建龙岩·期中)—How many students are there in No. 3 High School? —About three ________ students, I think. A.thousand B.thousands C.thousands of 3.(25-26七年级下·江苏扬州·期中)The company is so famous that ________ people want to work there. But only ________ the people will get the job. A.thousands of; hundreds of B.thousands; hundreds of C.thousands of; two hundred D.thousands of; two hundred of 【巩固提升2】 1.(25-26七年级下·云南昆明·期中)My brother and I go to the cinema ________ a month. We have fun every time. (two) 2.(25-26七年级上·安徽马鞍山·期中)________ (thousand) of tourists come to our city during the National Day holiday to enjoy the nice view and food. 3.(24-25七年级上·全国·课后作业)F________ books are here. Six are Tina’s and nine are Tom’s. 【巩固提升3】 1.(22-23七年级下·陕西榆林·期中)七十加八十是一百五十。 ________ and eighty is one hundred and fifty. 2.(24-25七年级上·安徽蚌埠·期中)我爷爷的农场有二十只鹅。(英文表达) There are _______ _______ on my granddad’s farm. ◆序数词 1. 序数词的变化规则 变化规则 例子 1 、2 、3 不规则变化 first second third 4-19 基数词词尾加 th fourth,fifth,sixth,seventh ,eighth,ninth, tenth,eleventh twelfth, thirteenth 20-90 整数 ty 变为 tie 再加 th twentieth.thirtieth.fortieth 两位数或多位数(整数除外)只变个位数 twenty-first,one hundred and thirty-fourth 2. 分数 、小数 、百分数和时刻 分数 基数词作分子,序数词做分母, 分子大于 1 ,序数词要用复数 1/3 1/2 one third a half 3/4 three fourths 1/4 one quarter 小数 小数点左边数字合起来读;右边 数字分开读;小数点读作 point 0.4 zero point four 或 point four 25.67 twenty-five point six seven 百分数 基数词+percent 3% three percent 时刻 整点 基数词+o’clock 5:00 five o’clock 几点过几分 分钟+past+小时 5:06 six past five (five six) 几点差几分 分钟+to+(小时+1) 5:58 two to six (five fifty-eight) 数量 基数词+单位词+形容词 基数词+单位词+in+名词 5 meters long/wide/high 5 meters in length/width/height 注意: 1.基数词也可以表示序数。(常见的有 lesson/unit/page/room/class/grade) the first lesson--Lesson One the fifth page--Page 5 I am in Class 2,Grade 7. 2.数词+more another+数词 two more months another two months 【典例破题】(2024·成都)There are ______ students in my class. I sit in the ______ row. A. forty; three   B. fortieth; third   C. forty; third   D. fortieth; three 【答案】C 【思路点拨】 本题主要考查基数词与序数词的区分。第一空表示“四十个学生”,用基数词 forty;第二空表示“第三排”,用序数词 third。故选 C。 【方法提炼】 数量用基数词,顺序用序数词。注意拼写:forty(四十)≠ fourteen(十四),third(第三)≠ three(三)。 【易错警示】 易错点1:拼写错误——特殊变化记不住 fifth 第五 forty 四十 ninth 第九 易错点 2:整十数的变化——变 y 为 ie 再加 th  所有以 -ty 结尾的整十数(20-90),变序数词时: 变 y 为 ie + th: twenty → twentieth ninety → ninetieth 易错点 3:几十几的变位——只变个位数 ❌ ninety-fifth(正确写法,但误写成 ninetieth-fifth) ✅ ninety-fifth(只变个位:ninety + fifth) 记忆口诀:几十几变序数,整十不变个位改;连字符一定要加,这是考试得分点! 易错点4:序数词前忘记加 the This is the first time I visit Beijing 【巩固提升1】 1.(25-26七年级上·广东江门·期中)The music room is on ________ floor of Building 3. A.three B.the three C.third D.the third 2.(25-26七年级下·江苏常州·期中)________ gifts are sent to David to celebrate his ________ birthday. A.The number of, nine B.A number of, ninth C.A number of, nine D.The number of, ninth 3.(25-26七年级下·江苏盐城·期中)Mrs Green lives in an old apartment with ________ floors and she is going to celebrate her ________ birthday. A.six; sixtieth B.sixth; the sixtieth C.six; the sixtieth D.sixth; sixtieth 【巩固提升2】 1.(25-26七年级下·江苏无锡·期中)On her ________(ninety) birthday, the kind old woman gets lots of love from neighbors. 2.(25-26七年级下·江苏扬州·期中)She will celebrate her ________ birthday with her family next month. (四十九) 3.(25-26七年级下·云南昆明·期中)It’s Tom’s ________ day at this school. He wants to know something about the school. (one) 【巩固提升3】 1.(24-25七年级下·江苏无锡·期中)这对老夫妻喜欢住在一楼,因为门外就有个小花园。 The old couple like to live ________ ________ ________ ________, because there’s a garden outside. 2.(24-25七年级下·江苏泰州·期中)Please turn to page 12.(用英语写出同义句) Please turn to ________ ________ page. 3.(24-25七年级上·四川眉山·期中)12月是一年中的第12个月。 ________ is the ________ month of a year. 一、单项选择 1.(25-26七年级下·黑龙江大庆·期中)When you go to a party for ________ first time, you should arrive there on ________ time. A./; / B.the; the C./; the D.the; / 2.(25-26七年级下·江苏镇江·期中)—How do you like ________ film Kungfu Panda? —It is so wonderful that I want to see it for a second time. A.a B.an C.the D./ 3.(25-26七年级下·江苏扬州·期中)— Who will go on the trip to the zoo this Saturday? — All the teachers and ________students. A.thousand of B.thousands of C.hundreds of D.hundreds 4.(25-26七年级下·甘肃白银·期中)This tall building has ________ floors. I live on the ________ floor. A.nine; ninth B.ninth; nine C.nine ; nine D.nineth; nine 5.(25-26七年级下·甘肃白银·期中)He likes playing ________ basketball, but he can also play ________ erhu. A.an; / B.an; a C.a; / D./ ; the 二、用所给单词的适当形式填空 1.(25-26七年级上·湖北襄阳·期中)There is ________ (a) eraser and three bottles on the table. 2.(23-24七年级上·辽宁大连·期中)— What’s fifty and forty? — It’s ________. (nine) 3.(25-26七年级下·江苏常州·期中)My best friend Sandy lives above me. She lives on the ________ (twelve) floor. 4.(25-26七年级下·河南南阳·期中)—How can we read the number “45,390”? —Forty-five thousand, three ________ (hundred) and ninety. 5.(25-26七年级上·甘肃天水·期中)There are about three ________ (million) people in our city. 三、语法选择 (24-25七年级上·重庆·阶段检测)John is 1 8-year-old boy. He doesn’t like doing sports 2 homework. When the teacher asks him for the homework, he often 3 “My homework is at home.” or “My homework is lost.” 4 the morning of October 11th, John and his classmates have a school trip to a wildlife zoo together. Their teacher, Miss Miller, takes her students to the zoo. When they get to the zoo, they take a special bus to visit the animals there. On the bus, Miss Miller says, “Now, boys and girls, we can 5 many fun animals outside the window. You need to watch 6 carefully (仔细地) and write them down on your notebooks. It can 7 you to write your composition (作文) after the trip.” The students look 8 of the window. Miss Miller and other students are all happy and 9 . But only John lies (躺在) on the floor. When Miss Miller sees that, she asks John, “ 10 are you on the floor?” “Miss Miller, if I can not see things out of the bus, I don’t need to write them in the notebook and then I needn’t write a composition. Right?” 1.A.an B.the C.a 2.A.and B.but C.or 3.A.says B.talks C.speaks 4.A.At B.On C.In 5.A.to see B.seeing C.see 6.A.it B.her C.them 7.A.make B.help C.let 8.A.out B.up C.at 9.A.interested B.bored C.sad 10.A.How B.Where C.Why 四、语法填空 (25-26七年级上·上海闵行·期中)阅读下面短文,在空白处填入一个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 One day, Diana found her mother was not feeling well. She 1 (careful) asked her mother what was wrong. Her mother said she had a headache. Diana 2 (go) to get her mother some medicine and then prepared some noodles for her. After her mother finished eating, she went to school. In the afternoon, Diana’s mother called her to come back home 3 (have) a rest. When she got home, she found her mother 4 (lie) in bed and sleeping. Diana thought her mother must be very tired. So Diana 5 (let) her mother sleep till five o’clock. Two hours later, Diana woke her mother up and asked her to have dinner. But her mother said, “No, I don’t want to eat anything now. I still feel 6 (bad)” Diana was 7 (worry). She asked her mother to go to see a doctor, but her mother refused. Diana was so worried that she began to cry. Her mother comforted her, “Don’t cry, dear. I will be well soon.” Diana thought maybe her mother was right. She was too tired. After dinner, Diana’s mother looked a little 8 (well). Diana was very happy. She thought, “I will take good care of my mother from now on. I hope my mother will be healthy and happy forever.” 五、阅读理解 (25-26七年级上·广西河池·期末)My name is Daniel. I am in Grade 7. This is my first year of middle school. We go to school five days a week and have seven classes every day. We study maths, Chinese and English. We also have other subjects. They are science, geography, history and PE. PE is my favourite subject. We have different clubs to join after school. Some clubs are for fun, such as the guitar club and the chess club. Some clubs are for study, such as the English club and the science club. I’m a member of the English club. It is fun to learn English there. There are 1,800 students in our school. Many new students have problems with their new school life. When they have problems, they often do not want to tell the teachers. In our school, students in Grade 9 can join the Helping Hands Club. These brothers and sisters talk to the new students and help them with their problems. 根据语篇内容,回答问题。 1.What’s Daniel’s favourite subject? 2.What club does Daniel join? 3.How many kinds of clubs are there in Daniel’s school? 4.What’s the problem with the new students? 5.What do the students in the Helping Hands Club do? 19 / 21 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 $

资源预览图

专题04 冠词和数词(暑假复习讲义)新七年级英语新教材外研版
1
专题04 冠词和数词(暑假复习讲义)新七年级英语新教材外研版
2
专题04 冠词和数词(暑假复习讲义)新七年级英语新教材外研版
3
所属专辑
相关资源
示范课
由于学科网是一个信息分享及获取的平台,不确保部分用户上传资料的 来源及知识产权归属。如您发现相关资料侵犯您的合法权益,请联系学科网,我们核实后将及时进行处理。