内容正文:
第15讲 构词法知识
参考答案
模拟·基础演练
考向01 考查构词法基本知识
1. remarkable extraordinary remarkably remark fled fled 2. success successful succeed succeed in doing sth. 3. strength strengthen strong strongly long length lengthen 4. rely reliable reliance on/upon 5. promote promotion promotional 6. propose proposal propose to sb. 7. app application apply applicant appliance apply oneself to doing sth apply to sb. for sth apply to 把A运用到B中 把A涂到B上 8. accurate accuracy with the help/assistance of ab with one’s help/assistance 9. guide guidance under the guidance of sb under one’s guidance 10. disappear disappearance appear appear to be appearance
11. bound boundary 12. visible invisible 13. prohibit prohibition 14. journal journalist 15. reward rewarding 16. amuse amusement 17. fashion fashionable 18. entertain entertainment 19. bless blessing 20. adore adorable
21.dramatically 22.subsequently 23.departure 24. explosion explosive 25.comparison 26.intervention 27.apparently 28. biological biologist 29. dangerous endanger endangered 30.greeting
31.honour 32. decorate decoration 33.freedom 34.participate 35.inequality 36.limitless 37.regular 38.complain 39.warning 40.starving
41. motivated motivation motivate 42. advisor advise advice 43. reasonable reasonably reason unreasonable 44. expectation expect 45. applicant application app 46. exposure expose 47. departure depart 48. dramatic dramatically drama 49. behave behaviour behavior 50. surroundings surrounding surround
51. congratulate congratulation 52. religion religious 53. pleased pleasing please pleasure 54. agriculture agricultural 55. significant significantly significance 56. belief believe unbelievable believable 57. origin original originally 58. decorate decoration 59. reflect reflection 60. occasion occasional occasionally
61. qualification qualify qualified 62. ambition ambitious 63. adaptation adapt 64. comfort comfortable uncomfortable 65. participate participation participant 66. presentation present 67. engage engaged engagement 68. involve involved involvement 69. edition edit editor 70. overwhelming overwhelm 71. homesickness homesick 72. motivated motivation motivate 73. advisor advise advice 74. reasonable reasonably reason unreasonable 75. expectation expect
76.capacity 77. extensive extension 78. negotiable negotiation 79. professional professor 80.mixture 81.applause 82.migration 83.murderer 84. merciful merciless 85.possession 86.dusty 87. chemistry chemist 88.ripen 89.privileged 90. disabled disability
91. qualify qualified qualification 92. enthusiastic enthusiasm 93. assign assignment 94. envy envious 95. belong belongings 96. misery miserable 97. persevere perseverance 98. resolve resolution 99. fortunately unfortunately fortune 100. apply application applicant
考向02 考查构词法在句子中的运用
2026年6月20日高中英语作业
学校:___________姓名:___________班级:___________考号:___________
一、翻译
汉译英
1.___________(=___________) adj.非凡的;显著的(____________)→___________ adv.显著地→___________ vt.评论 flee-___________-___________vi. 逃走, 逃掉 vt.逃离, 逃避
2.___________n.成功→ ___________adj.成功的;达到目的→___________ vi.成功 vt.& vi.继承, 继任, vt.随……之后;继续 ___________成功做成某事
3.___________n.力量;体力→___________v.(使)变强;加强;增强→__________adj.强壮的;结实的;强大的→___________adv.强烈地;坚定地 ___________ adj.长的vi.渴望;热望→___________n.长度→___________v.(使)变长
4.__________vi.信赖;依靠→__________adj. 可靠的, 可信赖的 → __________ n. 依靠, 依赖 v.和n.都可和介词__________搭配
5.___________vt.促进;提升;推销;晋级→___________n.促进;提升→_____________adj.促销的, 宣传的
6.___________vt. & vi.提议;建议计划;求婚→___________n. 提议, 建议;求婚 向某人求婚___________
7.___________n.应用程序;应用软件→___________n.申请(表);用途;运用→___________ vt.涂;敷;应/运用vi.申请;使用→___________ n.申请人→___________n.器具 ①沉迷于做某事:____________ ②向某人申请某事:____________ ③适用于……:__________ ④apply A to B:____________;____________
8.__________adj.精确的, 准确的→__________ n.精确(性), 准确(性) 在某人帮助下___________=___________
9.___________n.指南;导游v.指导;指引;给某人领路→___________ n. 指导, 引导;领导 在某人指导下___________=___________
10.____________ vi.消失;灭绝;消亡→___________ n.消失灭绝→___________ vi.出现→____________;显得;似乎→___________ n. 出现, 露面; 外表
汉译英
11.________________(adj. 受约束的;v. 跳跃)→_______________(n. 边界;界限;分界线)
12.________________(adj. 可见的)→_______________(adj. 看不见的)
13.________________(vt. 禁止;阻止)→_______________(n. 禁止;阻止;禁令)
14.________________(n. 日志;期刊)→_______________(n. 记者)
15.________________(v. 奖赏)→_______________(adj. 值得做的)
16.________________(vt. 使娱乐)→_______________(n. 娱乐;愉悦)
17.________________(n. 时尚)→_______________(adj. 流行的;时髦的)
18.________________(v. 娱乐;招待)→_______________(n. 娱乐;招待;娱乐活动)
19.________________(v. 祝福)→_______________(n. 祝福;祷告)
20.________________(v. 爱慕;喜欢)→_______________(adj. 可爱的;讨人喜爱的)
词性转换
21.dramatic adj.显著的,剧烈的 → ________________ adv.显著地
22.subsequent adj.随后的 → ________________ adv.后来,随后
23.depart vi.离开,出发 → ________________ n.离开
24.explode v.突然增加 → ________________ n.突增,激增,爆炸 → ________________ adj.易爆炸的
25.compare v.比较 → ________________ n.比较
26.interfere v.干涉,介入 → ________________ n.干预,介入
27.apparent adj.明显的;显而易见的 → ________________ adv.据说;看来,似乎
28.biology n.生物学,生理 → ________________ adj.生物的,与生物有关的 → ________________ n.生物学家
29.danger n.危险 → ________________ adj.危险的 → ________________ v.使遭危险;危及;危害 → ________________ adj.濒临灭绝的,濒危的
30.greet v.问候,招呼 → ________________ n.问候,招呼
词性转换
31.________________ v. 向……表示敬意→honourable adj. 光荣的;高尚的;尊敬的
32.________________ v. 装饰;布置,美化→ ________________ n. 装饰物
33.free adj. 自由的→ ________________ n. 自由,自由权利
34.________________ v. 参加,参与→participation n. 参加;参与
35.equal adj. 平等的→equally adv. 平等地→equality n. 平等→ ________________ n. (社会上的)不平等
36.limit n. &. v. 限制→limited adj. 有限的→ ________________ adj. 无限的
37.________________ adj. 频繁的,经常的→regularly adv. 频繁地;经常地
38.________________ v. 抱怨,不满,发牢骚→complaint n. 抱怨;不满;牢骚
39.warn v. 警告→ ________________ n. 警告,警示,告诫
40.starve v. 挨饿→ ________________ adj. 挨饿的,即将饿死的→starvation n. 挨饿;饿死
词汇变形
41.__________adj. 积极的;主动的→__________n. 动力;积极性;动机→__________vt.成为……的动机;激发;激励
42.__________n.顾问→__________vt.& vi.建议;劝告→__________n.建议;忠告
43.__________adj. 有道理的;合情理的→__________adv.有理地;合理地→__________n.原因;道理 vt.&vi.推理,推断→__________adj.不合理的;不公正的
44.__________n. 期望;预期;期待→__________vt. 预料;期望
45.__________n. 申请人→apply vi. 申请 vt. 应用;适用;涂;敷→__________n.申请;申请书→__________应用程序
46.__________n. 接触;体验;暴露;揭露→__________vt.使接触;使体验;显露;使暴露于(险境)
47.__________n. 离开;启程;出发→__________vi.&vt,离开;启程;出发
48.__________adj. 巨大的;突然的;急剧的;戏剧(般)的→__________adv.突然地;戏剧地;引人注目地→__________n.戏剧;戏剧性事件
49.__________vt. 表现 vi. &vt. 表现得体;有礼貌→__________/__________n.行为;举止
50.__________n. [pl. ]环境;周围的事物→__________adj.周围的;附近的→__________vt.包围;围绕
汉译英
51.________ vt. 向(某人)道贺; (因某事)为自己感到自豪→ ________ n. 祝贺;恭喜
52.________ n. 宗教;宗教信仰→ ________ adj. 宗教的;笃信宗教的
53.________ adj. 高兴的;满意的→ ________ adj. 令人高兴的;令人满意的→ ________ vt. 使高兴;使满意→________ n. 高兴;快乐
54.________n. 农业;农艺→________ adj. 农业(劳动/生产)
55.________adj. 有重大意义的;显著的→________ adv. 重大地;显著地→________n. 意义;重要性
56.________ n. 信仰;信心;信任→________vt. 相信→ ________adj. 难以置信的→ ________ adj. 可信的
57.________n. 起源;由来;起因→ ________ adj.原始的;最初的→________ adv.起初
58.________v. 装饰;布置→ ________n. 装饰
59.________vi.思考 vt.映射;反射;思考→ ________n. 反射;反映
60.________n. 时机;机会;场合→________ adj.偶然的→________adv.偶然地;不时地
汉译英
61._______________n.(通过考试或学习课程取得的)资格;学历→_______________vt.&vi.(使)具备资格;(使)合格→_______________adj.有资格的;称职的
62._______________ n. 追求的目标;夙愿;野心;抱负→_______________adj.有野心的;有雄心的
63._______________n. 适应;改编本→_______________vt.(使)适应;改编
64._______________n. 安慰;令人感到安慰的人或事物;舒服;安逸vt.安慰;抚慰→_______________adj.令人舒适的;舒服的→_______________adj.不舒服的
65._______________vt.参加;参与→_______________n. 参加;参与→_______________n. 参与者
66._______________n. 报告;陈述;出示;拿出→_______________vt.颁发;赠送;呈递 n. 礼物 adj.现在的;出席的
67._______________vt.参加;参与(活动)vt.吸引(注意力、兴趣);(使)参加;吸引;雇用→_______________adj.忙于;从事于;已订婚的→_______________n. 订婚;约定
68._______________vt.包含;需要;涉及;影响;(使)参加→_______________adj.参与的;投入的→_______________n.参与
69._______________n. (报纸、杂志)一份;(广播、电视节目)一期、一辑;版次→_______________vt.编辑;剪辑→_______________n. 编辑;编者
70._______________adj.无法抗拒的;巨大的;压倒性的→_______________vt.(常用于被动语态)使不知所措;压倒
71._______________n.思乡病;乡愁→_______________adj.想家的;思乡的
72._______________adj.积极的;主动的→_______________n.动力;积极性;动机→_______________vt.成为……的动机;激发;激励
73._______________n.(also -ser)顾问→_______________vt.&vi.建议;劝告→_______________n..建议;忠告
74._______________adj.有道理的;合情理的→_______________adv.有理地;合理地→_______________n.原因;道理vi.推理vt.推断→_______________adj.不合理的;不公正的
75._______________n.期望;预期;期待→_______________vt.预料;期望
词性转换
76.capable adj.有能力的;有才干的→_____________n.能力;容量
77.extend vt.扩展;使伸长;延长→_____________adj.广泛的;广阔的;大量的→_____________n.延伸;扩大;延期
78.negotiate vt.商定;达成(协议) vi.谈判;磋商;协商→_____________adj.可协商的→_____________n.谈判;协商
79.profession n.职业;行业→_____________adj.专业的;职业上的 n.专业人员→_____________n.教授;教师
80.mix vt.& vi.混合;调配→_____________n.混合;结合体;混合物
81.applaud vt.& vi.鼓掌 vt.称赞;赞赏→_____________n.掌声
82.migrate vi.迁徙;移居→_____________n.迁移;迁徙;移居
83.murder vt.谋杀;凶杀;毁坏n.谋杀;凶杀→_____________n.杀人犯;杀人凶手
84.mercy n.仁慈;宽恕;恩惠→_____________adj.仁慈的;慈悲的;宽容的→_____________adj.残忍的;无情的
85.possess vt.拥有;具有;支配→_____________n.[usually pl.]个人财产;拥有;控制
86.dust n.沙土;灰尘 vi.& vt.擦灰→_____________adj.布满灰尘的
87.chemical adj.化学的 n.化学物质→_____________n.化学→_____________n.化学家;药剂师;药房
88.ripe adj.成熟的;时机成熟的→_____________vi.& vt.成熟;使成熟
89.privilege n.优惠待遇;特权→_____________adj.有特权的;受特别优待的
90.disable vt.使失去能力;使残废→_____________adj.有残疾的;丧失能力的→_____________n.缺陷;障碍;残疾
汉译英
91.________ v. 取得资格(或学历);使合格→________ adj.符合资格;具备……的知识(或技能、学历等)→________ n. 资格;学历
92.________ adj.热情的;热心的→________ n. 热情;热心;热忱
93.________ vt.分派;布置;分配→________ n. 工作,任务;分派
94.________ n. &vt.羡慕;妒忌→________ adj.羡慕的;忌妒的
95.________ v. 属于→________ n. [pl.]财物;动产
96.________ n. 痛苦;悲惨→________ adj.痛苦的;令人难受的
97.________ v. 坚持;孜孜以求→________ n. 毅力;韧性;不屈不挠的精神
98.________ vi.&vt.决定;决心;解决(问题或困难) n. 决心;坚定的信念→________ n. 决议;解决;坚定
99.________ adv.幸运地→________ adv.不幸地;遗憾地→________ n. 运气,财富
100.________ v. 申请→________ n. 申请;请求;应用→________ n. 申请人
二、语法填空
101.Maybe that feeling comes from growing up in South Africa, where the phrase “there are children starving in Africa” was more of an uncomfortable (remind) of fact than a prayer at dinner time. (所给词的适当形式填空)
102.Many recommendations came up at the conference about wildlife (protect). (所给词的适当形式填空)
103.Most of the essays filled less than one page, and few contained a sentence that could be interpreted as a thesis (论点) statement. I was (shock). (所给词的适当形式填空)
104.Listening to the story about how the explorer survived the whirlpool, we looked at him with (admire). (所给词的适当形式填空)
105.Liang Jianying, general (design) of the China’s high-speed EMU, was born in 1972. (所给词的适当形式填空)
106.We begin to see the (connect) of one thing to another in all aspects of our life, of ourselves and the universe. (所给词的适当形式填空)
107.In the fictional worlds of film and TV, artificial intelligence (AI) has been described as so advanced that it is (distinguish) from humans. (所给词的适当形式填空)
108.Many stars, which are out of the solar system, are (visible) without a telescope. (所给词的适当形式填空)
109.Rapidly nodding your head can leave the impression that you are (patient) and too eager to add something to the conversation. (所给词的适当形式填空)
110.If one is late for a job interview, it is (likely) that he will get the job. (所给词的适当形式填空)
111.Most people here are (willing) to give up their cars. They don’t want to use buses instead. (所给词的适当形式填空)
112.Like their children, parents are often (defend)about their private lives.(所给词的适当形式填空)
113.Jane, (behavior) yourself. Have you forgotten the rules I told you?(所给词的适当形式填空)
114.Due to the widespread (apply) of this medical technology,more diseases can be discovered and treated at an early stage. (所给词的适当形式填空)
115.Wander among a variety of shops selling gifts while enjoying a live music show and nice street (entertain). (所给词的适当形式填空)
116.He was (apparent) much surprised at the news that the amateur athlete beat the professional one who ranked top ten. (所给词的适当形式填空)
117.If you have been working hard, don’t be afraid to take a break and give yourself a well- (deserve) pat on the back or to reflect on your goals. (所给词的适当形式填空)
118.I shall never forget watching the sunrise over the sea-it was (forget)! (所给词的适当形式填空)
119.He has only been playing football as a (profession) for two years. (所给词的适当形式填空)
120.Even though the (connect)on the ground is fast,the signal is slow to go from space to the earth so the Internet runs slowly. (所给词的适当形式填空)
试卷第1页,共3页
试卷第1页,共3页
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101.reminder
102.protection
103.shocked
104.admiration
105.designer
106.interconnectedness
107.indistinguishable
108.invisible
109.impatient
110.unlikely
111.unwilling
112.defensive
113.behave
114.application
115.entertainment
116.apparently
117.deserved
118.unforgettable
119.professional
120.connection
重难·创新演练
Passage 1
【答案】1. growth 2. uncomfortable 3. careful 4. gently 5. wise
Passage 2
【答案】6. creative 7. valueless 8. modernize 9. disappearance 10. instructions
Passage 3
【答案】11. convenience 12. dishonestly 13. inventor 14. more environmentally 15. awareness
名校真题·实战演练
Passage 1
1.B 2.C 3.H 4.F 5.E 6.D 7.G 8.I 9.A 10.K
Passage 2
11.H 12.A 13.G 14.C 15.J 16.F 17.I 18.E 19.D 20.K
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第15讲 构词法知识
目 录
模拟·基础演练 1
重难·创新演练 7
真题·实战演练 13
模拟·基础演练
特别备注:上海高考语法填空基本不考构词法知识(词形转换),此专题目的在于系统梳理语法知识点。及帮助小猫钓鱼、句子翻译时能够灵活运用之。
考向01 考查构词法基本知识
汉译英
1.___________(=___________) adj.非凡的;显著的(____________)→___________ adv.显著地→___________ vt.评论 flee-___________-___________vi. 逃走, 逃掉 vt.逃离, 逃避
2.___________n.成功→ ___________adj.成功的;达到目的→___________ vi.成功 vt.& vi.继承, 继任, vt.随……之后;继续 ___________成功做成某事
3.___________n.力量;体力→___________v.(使)变强;加强;增强→__________adj.强壮的;结实的;强大的→___________adv.强烈地;坚定地 ___________ adj.长的vi.渴望;热望→___________n.长度→___________v.(使)变长
4.__________vi.信赖;依靠→__________adj. 可靠的, 可信赖的 → __________ n. 依靠, 依赖 v.和n.都可和介词__________搭配
5.___________vt.促进;提升;推销;晋级→___________n.促进;提升→_____________adj.促销的, 宣传的
6.___________vt. & vi.提议;建议计划;求婚→___________n. 提议, 建议;求婚 向某人求婚___________
7.___________n.应用程序;应用软件→___________n.申请(表);用途;运用→___________ vt.涂;敷;应/运用vi.申请;使用→___________ n.申请人→___________n.器具 ①沉迷于做某事:____________ ②向某人申请某事:____________ ③适用于……:__________ ④apply A to B:____________;____________
8.__________adj.精确的, 准确的→__________ n.精确(性), 准确(性) 在某人帮助下___________=___________
9.___________n.指南;导游v.指导;指引;给某人领路→___________ n. 指导, 引导;领导 在某人指导下___________=___________
10.____________ vi.消失;灭绝;消亡→___________ n.消失灭绝→___________ vi.出现→____________;显得;似乎→___________ n. 出现, 露面; 外表
汉译英
11.________________(adj. 受约束的;v. 跳跃)→_______________(n. 边界;界限;分界线)
12.________________(adj. 可见的)→_______________(adj. 看不见的)
13.________________(vt. 禁止;阻止)→_______________(n. 禁止;阻止;禁令)
14.________________(n. 日志;期刊)→_______________(n. 记者)
15.________________(v. 奖赏)→_______________(adj. 值得做的)
16.________________(vt. 使娱乐)→_______________(n. 娱乐;愉悦)
17.________________(n. 时尚)→_______________(adj. 流行的;时髦的)
18.________________(v. 娱乐;招待)→_______________(n. 娱乐;招待;娱乐活动)
19.________________(v. 祝福)→_______________(n. 祝福;祷告)
20.________________(v. 爱慕;喜欢)→_______________(adj. 可爱的;讨人喜爱的)
词性转换
21.dramatic adj.显著的,剧烈的 → ________________ adv.显著地
22.subsequent adj.随后的 → ________________ adv.后来,随后
23.depart vi.离开,出发 → ________________ n.离开
24.explode v.突然增加 → ________________ n.突增,激增,爆炸 → ________________ adj.易爆炸的
25.compare v.比较 → ________________ n.比较
26.interfere v.干涉,介入 → ________________ n.干预,介入
27.apparent adj.明显的;显而易见的 → ________________ adv.据说;看来,似乎
28.biology n.生物学,生理 → ________________ adj.生物的,与生物有关的 → ________________ n.生物学家
29.danger n.危险 → ________________ adj.危险的 → ________________ v.使遭危险;危及;危害 → ________________ adj.濒临灭绝的,濒危的
30.greet v.问候,招呼 → ________________ n.问候,招呼
词性转换
31.________________ v. 向……表示敬意→honourable adj. 光荣的;高尚的;尊敬的
32.________________ v. 装饰;布置,美化→ ________________ n. 装饰物
33.free adj. 自由的→ ________________ n. 自由,自由权利
34.________________ v. 参加,参与→participation n. 参加;参与
35.equal adj. 平等的→equally adv. 平等地→equality n. 平等→ ________________ n. (社会上的)不平等
36.limit n. &. v. 限制→limited adj. 有限的→ ________________ adj. 无限的
37.________________ adj. 频繁的,经常的→regularly adv. 频繁地;经常地
38.________________ v. 抱怨,不满,发牢骚→complaint n. 抱怨;不满;牢骚
39.warn v. 警告→ ________________ n. 警告,警示,告诫
40.starve v. 挨饿→ ________________ adj. 挨饿的,即将饿死的→starvation n. 挨饿;饿死
词汇变形
41.__________adj. 积极的;主动的→__________n. 动力;积极性;动机→__________vt.成为……的动机;激发;激励
42.__________n.顾问→__________vt.& vi.建议;劝告→__________n.建议;忠告
43.__________adj. 有道理的;合情理的→__________adv.有理地;合理地→__________n.原因;道理 vt.&vi.推理,推断→__________adj.不合理的;不公正的
44.__________n. 期望;预期;期待→__________vt. 预料;期望
45.__________n. 申请人→apply vi. 申请 vt. 应用;适用;涂;敷→__________n.申请;申请书→__________应用程序
46.__________n. 接触;体验;暴露;揭露→__________vt.使接触;使体验;显露;使暴露于(险境)
47.__________n. 离开;启程;出发→__________vi.&vt,离开;启程;出发
48.__________adj. 巨大的;突然的;急剧的;戏剧(般)的→__________adv.突然地;戏剧地;引人注目地→__________n.戏剧;戏剧性事件
49.__________vt. 表现 vi. &vt. 表现得体;有礼貌→__________/__________n.行为;举止
50.__________n. [pl. ]环境;周围的事物→__________adj.周围的;附近的→__________vt.包围;围绕
汉译英
51.________ vt. 向(某人)道贺; (因某事)为自己感到自豪→ ________ n. 祝贺;恭喜
52.________ n. 宗教;宗教信仰→ ________ adj. 宗教的;笃信宗教的
53.________ adj. 高兴的;满意的→ ________ adj. 令人高兴的;令人满意的→ ________ vt. 使高兴;使满意→________ n. 高兴;快乐
54.________n. 农业;农艺→________ adj. 农业(劳动/生产)
55.________adj. 有重大意义的;显著的→________ adv. 重大地;显著地→________n. 意义;重要性
56.________ n. 信仰;信心;信任→________vt. 相信→ ________adj. 难以置信的→ ________ adj. 可信的
57.________n. 起源;由来;起因→ ________ adj.原始的;最初的→________ adv.起初
58.________v. 装饰;布置→ ________n. 装饰
59.________vi.思考 vt.映射;反射;思考→ ________n. 反射;反映
60.________n. 时机;机会;场合→________ adj.偶然的→________adv.偶然地;不时地
汉译英
61._______________n.(通过考试或学习课程取得的)资格;学历→_______________vt.&vi.(使)具备资格;(使)合格→_______________adj.有资格的;称职的
62._______________ n. 追求的目标;夙愿;野心;抱负→_______________adj.有野心的;有雄心的
63._______________n. 适应;改编本→_______________vt.(使)适应;改编
64._______________n. 安慰;令人感到安慰的人或事物;舒服;安逸vt.安慰;抚慰→_______________adj.令人舒适的;舒服的→_______________adj.不舒服的
65._______________vt.参加;参与→_______________n. 参加;参与→_______________n. 参与者
66._______________n. 报告;陈述;出示;拿出→_______________vt.颁发;赠送;呈递 n. 礼物 adj.现在的;出席的
67._______________vt.参加;参与(活动)vt.吸引(注意力、兴趣);(使)参加;吸引;雇用→_______________adj.忙于;从事于;已订婚的→_______________n. 订婚;约定
68._______________vt.包含;需要;涉及;影响;(使)参加→_______________adj.参与的;投入的→_______________n.参与
69._______________n. (报纸、杂志)一份;(广播、电视节目)一期、一辑;版次→_______________vt.编辑;剪辑→_______________n. 编辑;编者
70._______________adj.无法抗拒的;巨大的;压倒性的→_______________vt.(常用于被动语态)使不知所措;压倒
71._______________n.思乡病;乡愁→_______________adj.想家的;思乡的
72._______________adj.积极的;主动的→_______________n.动力;积极性;动机→_______________vt.成为……的动机;激发;激励
73._______________n.(also -ser)顾问→_______________vt.&vi.建议;劝告→_______________n..建议;忠告
74._______________adj.有道理的;合情理的→_______________adv.有理地;合理地→_______________n.原因;道理vi.推理vt.推断→_______________adj.不合理的;不公正的
75._______________n.期望;预期;期待→_______________vt.预料;期望
词性转换
76.capable adj.有能力的;有才干的→_____________n.能力;容量
77.extend vt.扩展;使伸长;延长→_____________adj.广泛的;广阔的;大量的→_____________n.延伸;扩大;延期
78.negotiate vt.商定;达成(协议) vi.谈判;磋商;协商→_____________adj.可协商的→_____________n.谈判;协商
79.profession n.职业;行业→_____________adj.专业的;职业上的 n.专业人员→_____________n.教授;教师
80.mix vt.& vi.混合;调配→_____________n.混合;结合体;混合物
81.applaud vt.& vi.鼓掌 vt.称赞;赞赏→_____________n.掌声
82.migrate vi.迁徙;移居→_____________n.迁移;迁徙;移居
83.murder vt.谋杀;凶杀;毁坏n.谋杀;凶杀→_____________n.杀人犯;杀人凶手
84.mercy n.仁慈;宽恕;恩惠→_____________adj.仁慈的;慈悲的;宽容的→_____________adj.残忍的;无情的
85.possess vt.拥有;具有;支配→_____________n.[usually pl.]个人财产;拥有;控制
86.dust n.沙土;灰尘 vi.& vt.擦灰→_____________adj.布满灰尘的
87.chemical adj.化学的 n.化学物质→_____________n.化学→_____________n.化学家;药剂师;药房
88.ripe adj.成熟的;时机成熟的→_____________vi.& vt.成熟;使成熟
89.privilege n.优惠待遇;特权→_____________adj.有特权的;受特别优待的
90.disable vt.使失去能力;使残废→_____________adj.有残疾的;丧失能力的→_____________n.缺陷;障碍;残疾
汉译英
91.________ v. 取得资格(或学历);使合格→________ adj.符合资格;具备……的知识(或技能、学历等)→________ n. 资格;学历
92.________ adj.热情的;热心的→________ n. 热情;热心;热忱
93.________ vt.分派;布置;分配→________ n. 工作,任务;分派
94.________ n. &vt.羡慕;妒忌→________ adj.羡慕的;忌妒的
95.________ v. 属于→________ n. [pl.]财物;动产
96.________ n. 痛苦;悲惨→________ adj.痛苦的;令人难受的
97.________ v. 坚持;孜孜以求→________ n. 毅力;韧性;不屈不挠的精神
98.________ vi.&vt.决定;决心;解决(问题或困难) n. 决心;坚定的信念→________ n. 决议;解决;坚定
99.________ adv.幸运地→________ adv.不幸地;遗憾地→________ n. 运气,财富
100.________ v. 申请→________ n. 申请;请求;应用→________ n. 申请人
考向02 考查构词法在句子中的运用
101.Maybe that feeling comes from growing up in South Africa, where the phrase “there are children starving in Africa” was more of an uncomfortable (remind) of fact than a prayer at dinner time. (所给词的适当形式填空)
102.Many recommendations came up at the conference about wildlife (protect). (所给词的适当形式填空)
103.Most of the essays filled less than one page, and few contained a sentence that could be interpreted as a thesis (论点) statement. I was (shock). (所给词的适当形式填空)
104.Listening to the story about how the explorer survived the whirlpool, we looked at him with (admire). (所给词的适当形式填空)
105.Liang Jianying, general (design) of the China’s high-speed EMU, was born in 1972. (所给词的适当形式填空)
106.We begin to see the (connect) of one thing to another in all aspects of our life, of ourselves and the universe. (所给词的适当形式填空)
107.In the fictional worlds of film and TV, artificial intelligence (AI) has been described as so advanced that it is (distinguish) from humans. (所给词的适当形式填空)
108.Many stars, which are out of the solar system, are (visible) without a telescope. (所给词的适当形式填空)
109.Rapidly nodding your head can leave the impression that you are (patient) and too eager to add something to the conversation. (所给词的适当形式填空)
110.If one is late for a job interview, it is (likely) that he will get the job. (所给词的适当形式填空)
111.Most people here are (willing) to give up their cars. They don’t want to use buses instead. (所给词的适当形式填空)
112.Like their children, parents are often (defend)about their private lives.(所给词的适当形式填空)
113.Jane, (behavior) yourself. Have you forgotten the rules I told you?(所给词的适当形式填空)
114.Due to the widespread (apply) of this medical technology,more diseases can be discovered and treated at an early stage. (所给词的适当形式填空)
115.Wander among a variety of shops selling gifts while enjoying a live music show and nice street (entertain). (所给词的适当形式填空)
116.He was (apparent) much surprised at the news that the amateur athlete beat the professional one who ranked top ten. (所给词的适当形式填空)
117.If you have been working hard, don’t be afraid to take a break and give yourself a well- (deserve) pat on the back or to reflect on your goals. (所给词的适当形式填空)
118.I shall never forget watching the sunrise over the sea-it was (forget)! (所给词的适当形式填空)
119.He has only been playing football as a (profession) for two years. (所给词的适当形式填空)
120.Even though the (connect)on the ground is fast,the signal is slow to go from space to the earth so the Internet runs slowly. (所给词的适当形式填空)
重难·创新演练
设题创新:校园心理健康;非遗手工传承;绿色低碳出行
语法填空专题微练(构词法知识)
Passage 1
【新情境·校园心理健康】Mental health plays an important role in students’ 1 (grow). Many teenagers feel 2 (comfort) when facing heavy study pressure, so they refuse to communicate with others. Teachers offer 3 (care) guidance to help them release anxiety. We should treat every classmate 4 (gentle) and learn to share our feelings. It is 5 (wisdom) to turn to teachers when we meet trouble.
Passage 2
【新情境·非遗手工传承】Traditional handcrafts are full of 6 (create) beauty. Some old skills seem 7 (value) to young people at first sight, but they carry deep cultural meanings. Many young volunteers 8 (modern) old handicrafts to attract more teenagers. Without enough protection, these treasures will face 9 (disappear) in a short time. The master’s 10 (instruct) help beginners master basic skills quickly.
Passage 3
【新情境·绿色低碳出行】The 11 (convenient) of shared bikes encourages more people to choose low-carbon travel. Some citizens act 12 (honest) and damage public bikes on purpose. As a famous 13 (invent), he designed a new type of energy-saving bicycle last year. Taking public transport is much 14 (environment) friendly than driving private cars. We should raise people’s 15 (aware) of environmental protection.
名校真题·实战演练
考查重点:考点覆盖:动词 / 名词 / 形容词 / 副词互相转换;否定前缀 un-/in-/dis-;后缀 - ful/-ive/-ize/-ment/-ness/-or;比较级变形;……
Passage 1
Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.
A.plainly B.equivalent C. dismissed D.clue E. integrated F. imprecisely
G. boost H. reassessment I. running J. reserve K. reprogramming
The Surprising Truth about Body Fat
If you melted down the average UK adult, you would find around 22 kilograms of creamy yellow fat. It’s 1 to around 88 pieces of butter and enough to fill two-thirds of a small suitcase or cast into 446 dinner candles.
What a disturbing thought! People have long 2 body fat as nothing more than extra weight, something to get rid of. Yet this unwanted fat is undergoing a thorough 3 . Far from an inactive burden, it is a dynamic organ with its own memory and is capable of influencing everything from appetite to immunity (免疫).
Due to limited research resources, early studies could only 4 describe fat as a single store for extra calories, failing to recognize its role as a smart regulator of our body. Fat, it turns out, isn’t a single thing. Containing a mix of protective cells, nerves and blood vessels (血管), it has developed into something 5 into the overall control of blood sugar, body temperature and other bodily functions.
The first 6 that we were underestimating our body fat came in the 1990s with the discovery of leptin, a hormone released by fat cells which acts on the brain to control appetite and 7 energy consumption. On the contrary, when people quickly lose fat, leptin levels drop, which the brain interprets as a sign that energy stores might be 8 low. It responds by strengthening hunger signals and reducing energy loss to help people regain that lost fat.
The discovery of leptin revealed a hidden network between fat and the rest of the body. Since then, we have discovered that fat cells release many more hormones and other signaling chemicals, gradually proving our old opinions are 9 wrong. Some scientists are even dedicated to 10 it instead — not just to tackle weight problems, but to improve our broader health.
Passage 2
Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.
A.identifying B.exploiting C. interventions D.biologically E. statistically
F. randomized G. linked H. regulating I. trial J. average K. clinical
New Research Links Daily Multivitamins to Slower Biological Aging
Epigenetic (后成的;外遗传的) clocks estimate biological aging based on tiny changes in our DNA.These clocks look at specific sites in our DNA 11 gene expression and change naturally as we get older, helping track with mortality and the pace of aging.
“There is a lot of interest today in 12 ways to not just live longer, but to live better,” said Dr. Howard Sesso, a researcher at Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School. “It was exciting to see benefits of a multivitamin 13 with markers of biological aging. This study opens the door to learning more aboutaccessible, safe 14 that contribute to healthier, higher-quality aging.”
For their research, Dr. Sesso and his colleagues used data from the well-established Cocoa Supplement Multivitamins Outcomes Study (COSMOS). They analyzed DNA methylation data from blood samples of 98 randomly selected healthy participants with a(n) 15 chronological age of 70.
The participants were 16 to take a daily cocoa extract and multivitamin; daily cocoa extract and placebo; placebo and multivitamin; or placebos only. Samples were analyzed for changes in five epigenetic clocks from the start of the 17 and at the end of the first and second years. Compared to the placebo only group, people in the multivitamin group had slowing in all five epigenetic clocks, including 18 clocks that are predictive of mortality.
The changes equated to about four months less biological aging over the course of two years. Additionally, people who were 19 older than their actual age at the start of the trial benefited the most.
“We plan to do follow-up research to determine if the slowing of biological aging — observed through these five epigenetic clocks, and additional or new ones — persists after the trial ends,” said Dr. Yanbin Dong, a researcher at Augusta University.
“A lot of people take a multivitamin without necessarily knowing any benefits from taking it, so the more we can learn about its potential health benefits, the better,” Dr. Sesso added. “Within COSMOS, we are fortunate and excited to build upon a rich resource of biomarker data to test how two interventions may improve biological aging and reduce age-related 20 outcomes.”
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第15讲 构词法知识
目 录
模拟·基础演练 1
重难·创新演练 7
真题·实战演练 13
模拟·基础演练
特别备注:上海高考语法填空基本不考构词法知识(词形转换),此专题目的在于系统梳理语法知识点。及帮助小猫钓鱼、句子翻译时能够灵活运用之。
考向01 考查构词法基本知识
汉译英
1.___________(=___________) adj.非凡的;显著的(____________)→___________ adv.显著地→___________ vt.评论 flee-___________-___________vi. 逃走, 逃掉 vt.逃离, 逃避
2.___________n.成功→ ___________adj.成功的;达到目的→___________ vi.成功 vt.& vi.继承, 继任, vt.随……之后;继续 ___________成功做成某事
3.___________n.力量;体力→___________v.(使)变强;加强;增强→__________adj.强壮的;结实的;强大的→___________adv.强烈地;坚定地 ___________ adj.长的vi.渴望;热望→___________n.长度→___________v.(使)变长
4.__________vi.信赖;依靠→__________adj. 可靠的, 可信赖的 → __________ n. 依靠, 依赖 v.和n.都可和介词__________搭配
5.___________vt.促进;提升;推销;晋级→___________n.促进;提升→_____________adj.促销的, 宣传的
6.___________vt. & vi.提议;建议计划;求婚→___________n. 提议, 建议;求婚 向某人求婚___________
7.___________n.应用程序;应用软件→___________n.申请(表);用途;运用→___________ vt.涂;敷;应/运用vi.申请;使用→___________ n.申请人→___________n.器具 ①沉迷于做某事:____________ ②向某人申请某事:____________ ③适用于……:__________ ④apply A to B:____________;____________
8.__________adj.精确的, 准确的→__________ n.精确(性), 准确(性) 在某人帮助下___________=___________
9.___________n.指南;导游v.指导;指引;给某人领路→___________ n. 指导, 引导;领导 在某人指导下___________=___________
10.____________ vi.消失;灭绝;消亡→___________ n.消失灭绝→___________ vi.出现→____________;显得;似乎→___________ n. 出现, 露面; 外表
【答案】
1. remarkable extraordinary remarkably remark fled fled 2. success successful succeed succeed in doing sth. 3. strength strengthen strong strongly long length lengthen 4. rely reliable reliance on/upon 5. promote promotion promotional 6. propose proposal propose to sb. 7. app application apply applicant appliance apply oneself to doing sth apply to sb. for sth apply to 把A运用到B中 把A涂到B上 8. accurate accuracy with the help/assistance of ab with one’s help/assistance 9. guide guidance under the guidance of sb under one’s guidance 10. disappear disappearance appear appear to be appearance
【解析】1.形容词“非凡的;显著的”英文表达是remarkable或extraordinary;其副词“显著地”是remarkably;动词“评论”是remark;动词flee“逃走,逃掉;逃离,逃避”的过去式和过去分词是fled。故填:remarkable;extraordinary;remarkably;remark;fled;fled。
2.名词“成功”是success;其形容词“成功的;达到目的”是successful;动词“成功;继承,继任;随……之后;继续”是succeed;“成功做成某事”的表达是succeed in doing sth.。故填:success;successful;succeed;succeed in doing sth.。
3.名词“力量;体力”是strength;动词“(使)变强;加强;增强”是strengthen;形容词“强壮的;结实的;强大的”是strong;副词“强烈地;坚定地”是strongly;形容词“长的”和动词“渴望;热望”是long;名词“长度”是length;动词“(使)变长”是lengthen。故填:strength;strengthen;strong;strongly;long;length;lengthen。
4.动词“信赖;依靠”是rely;形容词“可靠的,可信赖的”是reliable;名词“依靠,依赖”是reliance;动词和名词常与介词on/upon搭配。故填:rely;reliable;reliance;on/upon。
5.动词“促进;提升;推销;晋级”是promote;名词“促进;提升”是promotion;形容词“促销的,宣传的”是promotional。故填:promote;promotion;promotional。
6.动词“提议;建议计划;求婚”是propose;名词“提议,建议;求婚”是proposal;“向某人求婚”的表达是propose to sb.。故填:propose;proposal;propose to sb.。
7.名词“应用程序;应用软件”是app;名词“申请(表);用途;运用”是application;动词“涂;敷;应/运用;申请;使用”是apply;名词“申请人”是applicant;名词“器具”是appliance;“沉迷于做某事”是apply oneself to doing sth;“向某人申请某事”是apply to sb. for sth;“适用于……”是apply to;apply A to B可译为“把A运用到B中”或“把A涂到B上”。故填:app;application;apply;applicant;appliance;apply oneself to doing sth;apply to sb. for sth;apply to;把A运用到B中;把A涂到B上。
8.形容词“精确的,准确的”是accurate;名词“精确(性),准确(性)”是accuracy;“在某人帮助下”的表达是with the help/assistance of sb或with one’s help/assistance。故填:accurate;accuracy;with the help/assistance of ab;with one’s help/assistance。
9.名词“指南;导游”和动词“指导;指引;给某人领路”是guide;名词“指导,引导;领导”是guidance;“在某人指导下”的表达是under the guidance of sb或under one’s guidance。故填:guide;guidance;under the guidance of sb;under one’s guidance。
10.动词“消失;灭绝;消亡”是disappear;名词“消失灭绝”是disappearance;动词“出现”是appear;动词短语“显得;似乎”是appear to be;名词“出现,露面;外表”是appearance。故填:disappear;disappearance;appear;appear to be;appearance。
汉译英
11.________________(adj. 受约束的;v. 跳跃)→_______________(n. 边界;界限;分界线)
12.________________(adj. 可见的)→_______________(adj. 看不见的)
13.________________(vt. 禁止;阻止)→_______________(n. 禁止;阻止;禁令)
14.________________(n. 日志;期刊)→_______________(n. 记者)
15.________________(v. 奖赏)→_______________(adj. 值得做的)
16.________________(vt. 使娱乐)→_______________(n. 娱乐;愉悦)
17.________________(n. 时尚)→_______________(adj. 流行的;时髦的)
18.________________(v. 娱乐;招待)→_______________(n. 娱乐;招待;娱乐活动)
19.________________(v. 祝福)→_______________(n. 祝福;祷告)
20.________________(v. 爱慕;喜欢)→_______________(adj. 可爱的;讨人喜爱的)
【答案】
11. bound boundary 12. visible invisible 13. prohibit prohibition 14. journal journalist 15. reward rewarding 16. amuse amusement 17. fashion fashionable 18. entertain entertainment 19. bless blessing 20. adore adorable
【解析】11.形容词“受约束的”,动词“跳跃”是bound,名词“边界;界限;分界线”是boundary,故填bound,boundary。
12.形容词“可见的”是visible,形容词“看不见的”是invisible,故填visible,invisible。
13.动词“禁止;阻止”是prohibit,名词“禁止;阻止;禁令”是prohibition,故填prohibit,prohibition。
14.名词“日志;期刊”是journal,名词“记者”是journalist,故填journal,journalist。
15.动词“奖赏”是reward,形容词“值得做的”是rewarding,故填reward,rewarding。
16.动词“使娱乐”是amuse,名词“娱乐;愉悦”是amusement,故填amuse,amusement。
17.名词“时尚”是fashion,形容词“流行的;时髦的”是fashionable,故填fashion,fashionable。
18.动词“娱乐;招待”是entertain,名词“娱乐;招待;娱乐活动”是entertainment,故填entertain,entertainment。
19.动词“祝福”是bless,名词“祝福;祷告”是blessing,故填bless,blessing。
20.动词“爱慕;喜欢”是adore,形容词“可爱的;讨人喜爱的”是adorable,故填adore,adorable。
词性转换
21.dramatic adj.显著的,剧烈的 → ________________ adv.显著地
22.subsequent adj.随后的 → ________________ adv.后来,随后
23.depart vi.离开,出发 → ________________ n.离开
24.explode v.突然增加 → ________________ n.突增,激增,爆炸 → ________________ adj.易爆炸的
25.compare v.比较 → ________________ n.比较
26.interfere v.干涉,介入 → ________________ n.干预,介入
27.apparent adj.明显的;显而易见的 → ________________ adv.据说;看来,似乎
28.biology n.生物学,生理 → ________________ adj.生物的,与生物有关的 → ________________ n.生物学家
29.danger n.危险 → ________________ adj.危险的 → ________________ v.使遭危险;危及;危害 → ________________ adj.濒临灭绝的,濒危的
30.greet v.问候,招呼 → ________________ n.问候,招呼
【答案】
21.dramatically 22.subsequently 23.departure 24. explosion explosive 25.comparison 26.intervention 27.apparently 28. biological biologist 29. dangerous endanger endangered 30.greeting
【解析】21.考查词性转换。形容词dramatic意为“显著的,剧烈的”;“dramatically”意为“显著地”,副词词性。故填:dramatically。
22.考查词性转换。形容词subsequent意为“随后的”;“subsequently”意为“后来,随后”,副词词性。故填:subsequently。
23.考查词性转换。不及物动词depart意为“离开,出发”;“departure”意为“离开”,名词词性。故填:departure。
24.考查词性转换。动词explode意为“突然增加”;“explosion”意为“突增,激增,爆炸”,名词词性;“explosive”意为“易爆炸的”,形容词词性。故填:explosion;explosive。
25.考查词性转换。动词compare意为“比较”;“comparison”意为“比较”,名词词性。故填:comparison。
26.考查词性转换。动词interfere意为“干涉,介入”;“intervention”意为“干预,介入”,名词词性。故填:intervention。
27.考查词性转换。形容词apparent意为“明显的;显而易见的”;“apparently”意为“据说;看来,似乎”,副词词性。故填:apparently。
28.考查词性转换。名词biology意为“生物学,生理”;“biological”意为“生物的,与生物有关的”,形容词词性;“biologist”意为“生物学家”,名词词性。故填:biological;biologist。
29.考查词性转换。名词danger 意为“危险”;“dangerous”意为“危险的”,形容词词性;“endanger”意为“使遭危险;危及;危害”,动词词性;“endangered”意为“濒临灭绝的,濒危的”,形容词词性。故填:dangerous;endanger; endangered。
30.考查词性转换。动词greet意为“问候,招呼”;“greeting”意为“问候,招呼”,名词词性。故填:greeting。
词性转换
31.________________ v. 向……表示敬意→honourable adj. 光荣的;高尚的;尊敬的
32.________________ v. 装饰;布置,美化→ ________________ n. 装饰物
33.free adj. 自由的→ ________________ n. 自由,自由权利
34.________________ v. 参加,参与→participation n. 参加;参与
35.equal adj. 平等的→equally adv. 平等地→equality n. 平等→ ________________ n. (社会上的)不平等
36.limit n. &. v. 限制→limited adj. 有限的→ ________________ adj. 无限的
37.________________ adj. 频繁的,经常的→regularly adv. 频繁地;经常地
38.________________ v. 抱怨,不满,发牢骚→complaint n. 抱怨;不满;牢骚
39.warn v. 警告→ ________________ n. 警告,警示,告诫
40.starve v. 挨饿→ ________________ adj. 挨饿的,即将饿死的→starvation n. 挨饿;饿死
【答案】
31.honour 32. decorate decoration 33.freedom 34.participate 35.inequality 36.limitless 37.regular 38.complain 39.warning 40.starving
【详解】31.honourable 形容词,光荣的;高尚的;尊敬的,其动词形式表示“向……表示敬意”的英文是honour,故答案为honour。
32.动词,装饰;布置,美化,其英文表达是decorate;名词,装饰物,其英文表达是decoration。故答案分别为decorate;decoration。
33.free 形容词,自由的,其名词形式表示“自由,自由权利”的英文是freedom,故答案为freedom。
34.participation名词,参加;参与,其动词形式表示“参加,参与”的英文是participate,故答案为participate。
35.equal 形容词,平等的,equally 副词,平等地,equality 名词,平等,其名词形式表示“(社会上的)不平等”的英文是inequality,故答案为inequality。
36.limit 动词或名词,限制,limited 形容词,有限的,其形容词形式表示“无限的”的英文是limitless,故答案为limitless。
37.regularly 副词,频繁地;经常地,其形容词形式表示“频繁的,经常的”的英文是regular,故答案为regular。
38.complaint 名词,抱怨;不满;牢骚,其动词形式表示“抱怨,不满,发牢骚”的英文是complain,故答案为complain。
39.warn 动词,警告,其名词形式表示“警告,警示,告诫”的英文是warning,故答案为warning。
40.starve 动词,挨饿,其名词starvation n. 挨饿;饿死,其形容词形式表示“挨饿的,即将饿死的”的英文是starving,故答案为starving。
词汇变形
41.__________adj. 积极的;主动的→__________n. 动力;积极性;动机→__________vt.成为……的动机;激发;激励
42.__________n.顾问→__________vt.& vi.建议;劝告→__________n.建议;忠告
43.__________adj. 有道理的;合情理的→__________adv.有理地;合理地→__________n.原因;道理 vt.&vi.推理,推断→__________adj.不合理的;不公正的
44.__________n. 期望;预期;期待→__________vt. 预料;期望
45.__________n. 申请人→apply vi. 申请 vt. 应用;适用;涂;敷→__________n.申请;申请书→__________应用程序
46.__________n. 接触;体验;暴露;揭露→__________vt.使接触;使体验;显露;使暴露于(险境)
47.__________n. 离开;启程;出发→__________vi.&vt,离开;启程;出发
48.__________adj. 巨大的;突然的;急剧的;戏剧(般)的→__________adv.突然地;戏剧地;引人注目地→__________n.戏剧;戏剧性事件
49.__________vt. 表现 vi. &vt. 表现得体;有礼貌→__________/__________n.行为;举止
50.__________n. [pl. ]环境;周围的事物→__________adj.周围的;附近的→__________vt.包围;围绕
【答案】
41. motivated motivation motivate 42. advisor advise advice 43. reasonable reasonably reason unreasonable 44. expectation expect 45. applicant application app 46. exposure expose 47. departure depart 48. dramatic dramatically drama 49. behave behaviour behavior 50. surroundings surrounding surround
【解析】41.表示“积极的;主动的”应用motivated,为形容词,其名词形式为motivation,表“动力;积极性;动机”;其动词形式为motivate,表“成为……的动机;激发;激励”。故填motivated;motivation;motivate。
42.表示“顾问”应用advisor,为名词,其动词形式为advise,表“建议;劝告”;其另一名词性形式为advice,表“建议;忠告”。故填advisor;advise;advice。
43.表示“有道理的;合情理的”应用reasonable,为形容词,其副词形式为reasonably,表“有理地;合理地”;其名词或动词形式为reason,表“原因;道理”或“推理,推断”,其另一形容词形式为unreasonable,表“不合理的;不公正的”。故填reasonable;reasonably;reason;unreasonable。
44.表示“期望;预期;期待”应用expectation,为名词,其动词形式为expect,表“预料;期望”。故填expectation;expect。
45.表示“申请人”应用applicant,为名词,其另一名词形式为application,表“申请;申请书”;其另一名词形式为app,表“应用程序”。故填applicant;application;app。
46.表示“接触;体验;暴露;揭露”应用exposure,为名词,其动词形式为expose,表“使接触;使体验;显露;使暴露于(险境)”。故填exposure;expose。
47.表示“离开;启程;出发”应用departure ,为名词,其动词形式为depart,表“离开;启程;出发”。故填departure ;depart。
48.表示“巨大的;突然的;急剧的;戏剧(般)的”应用dramatic,为形容词,其副词形式为dramatically,表“突然地;戏剧地;引人注目地”;其名词形式为drama,表“戏剧;戏剧性事件”。故填dramatic;dramatically;drama。
49.表示“表现,表现得体;有礼貌”应用behave,为动词,其名词形式为behaviour/behavior,表“行为;举止”。故填behave;behaviour/behavior。
50.表示“环境;周围的事物”应用surroundings,为名词,其形容词形式为surrounding,表“周围的;附近的”;其动词形式为surround,表“包围;围绕”。故填surroundings;surrounding;surround。
汉译英
51.________ vt. 向(某人)道贺; (因某事)为自己感到自豪→ ________ n. 祝贺;恭喜
52.________ n. 宗教;宗教信仰→ ________ adj. 宗教的;笃信宗教的
53.________ adj. 高兴的;满意的→ ________ adj. 令人高兴的;令人满意的→ ________ vt. 使高兴;使满意→________ n. 高兴;快乐
54.________n. 农业;农艺→________ adj. 农业(劳动/生产)
55.________adj. 有重大意义的;显著的→________ adv. 重大地;显著地→________n. 意义;重要性
56.________ n. 信仰;信心;信任→________vt. 相信→ ________adj. 难以置信的→ ________ adj. 可信的
57.________n. 起源;由来;起因→ ________ adj.原始的;最初的→________ adv.起初
58.________v. 装饰;布置→ ________n. 装饰
59.________vi.思考 vt.映射;反射;思考→ ________n. 反射;反映
60.________n. 时机;机会;场合→________ adj.偶然的→________adv.偶然地;不时地
【答案】
51. congratulate congratulation 52. religion religious 53. pleased pleasing please pleasure 54. agriculture agricultural 55. significant significantly significance 56. belief believe unbelievable believable 57. origin original originally 58. decorate decoration 59. reflect reflection 60. occasion occasional occasionally
【分析】汉译英
【详解】51.“vt. 向(某人)道贺; (因某事)为自己感到自豪”是动词,英文表达为congratulate;名词形式是congratulation,意为“n. 祝贺;恭喜”。故填congratulate;congratulation。
52.“n. 宗教;宗教信仰”是名词,英文表达为religion;形容词形式是religious,意为“adj. 宗教的;笃信宗教的”。故填religion;religious。
53.“adj. 高兴的;满意的”是形容词,英文表达为pleased;另一个形容词形式是pleasing,意为“adj. 令人高兴的;令人满意的”;动词形式是please,意为“vt. 使高兴;使满意”;名词形式是pleasure,意为“n. 高兴;快乐”。故填pleased;pleasing;please;pleasure。
54.“n. 农业;农艺”是名词,英文表达为agriculture;形容词形式是agricultural,意为“adj. 农业(劳动/生产)”。故填agriculture;agricultural。
55.“adj. 有重大意义的;显著的”是形容词,英文表达为significant;副词形式是significantly,意为“adv. 重大地;显著地”;名词形式是significance,意为“n. 意义;重要性”。故填significant;significantly;significance。
56.“n. 信仰;信心;信任”是名词,英文表达为belief;动词形式是believe,意为“vt. 相信”;形容词形式是unbelievable,意为“adj. 难以置信的”;另一个形容词形式是believable,意为“adj. 可信的”。故填belief;believe;unbelievable;believable。
57.“n.起源;由来;起因”是名词,英文表达为origin;形容词形式是original,意为“adj.原始的;最初的”;副词形式是originally,意为“adv.起初”。故填origin;original;originally。
58.“v.装饰;布置”是动词,英文表达为decorate;名词形式是decoration,意为“n.装饰”。故填decorate;decoration。
59.“vi.思考 vt.映射;反射;思考”是动词,英文表达为reflect;名词形式是reflection,意为“n.反射;反映”。故填reflect;reflection。
60.“n.时机;机会;场合”是名词,英文表达为occasion;形容词形式是occasional,意为“adj.偶然的”;副词形式是occasionally,意为“adv.偶然地;不时地”。故填occasion;occasional;occasionally。
【点睛】
汉译英
61._______________n.(通过考试或学习课程取得的)资格;学历→_______________vt.&vi.(使)具备资格;(使)合格→_______________adj.有资格的;称职的
62._______________ n. 追求的目标;夙愿;野心;抱负→_______________adj.有野心的;有雄心的
63._______________n. 适应;改编本→_______________vt.(使)适应;改编
64._______________n. 安慰;令人感到安慰的人或事物;舒服;安逸vt.安慰;抚慰→_______________adj.令人舒适的;舒服的→_______________adj.不舒服的
65._______________vt.参加;参与→_______________n. 参加;参与→_______________n. 参与者
66._______________n. 报告;陈述;出示;拿出→_______________vt.颁发;赠送;呈递 n. 礼物 adj.现在的;出席的
67._______________vt.参加;参与(活动)vt.吸引(注意力、兴趣);(使)参加;吸引;雇用→_______________adj.忙于;从事于;已订婚的→_______________n. 订婚;约定
68._______________vt.包含;需要;涉及;影响;(使)参加→_______________adj.参与的;投入的→_______________n.参与
69._______________n. (报纸、杂志)一份;(广播、电视节目)一期、一辑;版次→_______________vt.编辑;剪辑→_______________n. 编辑;编者
70._______________adj.无法抗拒的;巨大的;压倒性的→_______________vt.(常用于被动语态)使不知所措;压倒
71._______________n.思乡病;乡愁→_______________adj.想家的;思乡的
72._______________adj.积极的;主动的→_______________n.动力;积极性;动机→_______________vt.成为……的动机;激发;激励
73._______________n.(also -ser)顾问→_______________vt.&vi.建议;劝告→_______________n..建议;忠告
74._______________adj.有道理的;合情理的→_______________adv.有理地;合理地→_______________n.原因;道理vi.推理vt.推断→_______________adj.不合理的;不公正的
75._______________n.期望;预期;期待→_______________vt.预料;期望
【答案】
61. qualification qualify qualified 62. ambition ambitious 63. adaptation adapt 64. comfort comfortable uncomfortable 65. participate participation participant 66. presentation present 67. engage engaged engagement 68. involve involved involvement 69. edition edit editor 70. overwhelming overwhelm 71. homesickness homesick 72. motivated motivation motivate 73. advisor advise advice 74. reasonable reasonably reason unreasonable 75. expectation expect
【解析】61.“n.(通过考试或学习课程取得的)资格;学历”为qualification;“vt.&vi.(使)具备资格;(使)合格”为qualify;“adj.有资格的;称职的”为qualified。故填:①qualification;②qualify;③qualified。
62.“n. 追求的目标;夙愿;野心;抱负”为ambition;“adj. 有野心的;有雄心的”为ambitious。故填:①ambition;②ambitious。
63.“n. 适应;改编本”为adaptation;“vt.(使)适应;改编”为adapt。故填:①adaptation;②adapt。
64.“n. 安慰;令人感到安慰的人或事物;舒服;安逸 vt.安慰;抚慰”为comfort;“adj.令人舒适的;舒服的”为comfortable;“adj.不舒服的”为uncomfortable。故填:①comfort;②comfortable;③uncomfortable。
65.“vt.参加;参与”为participate;“n. 参加;参与”为participation;“n. 参与者”为participant。故填:①participate;②participation;③participant。
66.“n.报告;陈述;出示;拿出”为presentation;“vt.颁发;赠送;呈递 n. 礼物 adj.现在的;出席的”为present。故填:①presentation;②present。
67.“vt.参加;参与(活动) vt.吸引(注意力、兴趣);(使)参加;吸引;雇用”为engage;“adj.忙于;从事于;已订婚的”为engaged;“n. 订婚;约定”为engagement。故填:①engage;②engaged;③engagement。
68.“vt.包含;需要;涉及;影响;(使)参加”为involve;“adj.参与的;投入的”为involved;“n. 参与”为involvement。故填:①involve;②involved;③involvement。
69.“n. (报纸、杂志)一份;(广播、电视节目)一期、一辑;版次”为edition;“vt.编辑;剪辑”为edit;“n. 编辑;编者”为editor。故填:①edition;②edit;③editor。
70.“adj.无法抗拒的;巨大的;压倒性的”为overwhelming;“vt.(常用于被动语态)使不知所措;压倒”为overwhelm。故填:①overwhelming;②overwhelm。
71.“n. 思乡病;乡愁”为homesickness;“adj.想家的;思乡的”为homesick。故填:①homesickness;②homesick。
72.“adj.积极的;主动的”为motivated;“n. 动力;积极性;动机”为motivation;“vt.成为……的动机;激发;激励”为motivate。故填:①motivated;②motivation;③motivate。
73.“n. (also -ser)顾问”为advisor;“vt.&vi.建议;劝告”为advise;“n. 建议;忠告”为advice。故填:①advisor;②advise;③advice。
74.“adj.有道理的;合情理的”为reasonable;“adv.有理地;合理地”为reasonably;“n. 原因;道理 vi.推理 vt.推断”为reason;“adj.不合理的;不公正的”为unreasonable。故填:①reasonable;②reasonably;③reason;④unreasonable。
75.“n.期望;预期;期待”为expectation;“vt.预料;期望”为expect。故填:①expectation;②expect。
词性转换
76.capable adj.有能力的;有才干的→_____________n.能力;容量
77.extend vt.扩展;使伸长;延长→_____________adj.广泛的;广阔的;大量的→_____________n.延伸;扩大;延期
78.negotiate vt.商定;达成(协议) vi.谈判;磋商;协商→_____________adj.可协商的→_____________n.谈判;协商
79.profession n.职业;行业→_____________adj.专业的;职业上的 n.专业人员→_____________n.教授;教师
80.mix vt.& vi.混合;调配→_____________n.混合;结合体;混合物
81.applaud vt.& vi.鼓掌 vt.称赞;赞赏→_____________n.掌声
82.migrate vi.迁徙;移居→_____________n.迁移;迁徙;移居
83.murder vt.谋杀;凶杀;毁坏n.谋杀;凶杀→_____________n.杀人犯;杀人凶手
84.mercy n.仁慈;宽恕;恩惠→_____________adj.仁慈的;慈悲的;宽容的→_____________adj.残忍的;无情的
85.possess vt.拥有;具有;支配→_____________n.[usually pl.]个人财产;拥有;控制
86.dust n.沙土;灰尘 vi.& vt.擦灰→_____________adj.布满灰尘的
87.chemical adj.化学的 n.化学物质→_____________n.化学→_____________n.化学家;药剂师;药房
88.ripe adj.成熟的;时机成熟的→_____________vi.& vt.成熟;使成熟
89.privilege n.优惠待遇;特权→_____________adj.有特权的;受特别优待的
90.disable vt.使失去能力;使残废→_____________adj.有残疾的;丧失能力的→_____________n.缺陷;障碍;残疾
【答案】
76.capacity 77. extensive extension 78. negotiable negotiation 79. professional professor 80.mixture 81.applause 82.migration 83.murderer 84. merciful merciless 85.possession 86.dusty 87. chemistry chemist 88.ripen 89.privileged 90. disabled disability
【解析】76.形容词capable的名词“能力;容量”为capacity。故填capacity。
77.动词extend的形容词“广泛的;广阔的;大量的”为extensive,其名词“延伸;扩大;延期”为extension。故填①extensive②extension。
78.动词negotiate的形容词“可协商的”为negotiable,其名词“谈判;协商”为negotiation。故填①negotiable②negotiation。
79.名词profession的形容词“专业的;职业上的”或名词“专业人员”为professional,其名词“教授;教师”为professor。故填①professional②professor。
80.动词mix的名词“混合;结合体;混合物”为mixture。故填mixture。
81.动词applaud的名词“掌声”为applause。故填applause。
82.动词migrate的名词“迁移;迁徙;移居”为migration。故填migration。
83.动词murder的名词“杀人犯;杀人凶手”为murderer。故填murderer。
84.名词mercy的形容词“仁慈的;慈悲的;宽容的”为merciful,其形容词“残忍的;无情的”为merciless。故填①merciful②merciless。
85.动词possess的名词“[usually pl.]个人财产;拥有;控制”为possession。故填possession。
86.名词dust的形容词“布满灰尘的”为dusty。故填dusty。
87.形容词chemical的名词“化学”为chemistry,其名词“化学家;药剂师;药房”为chemist。故填①chemistry②chemist。
88.形容词ripe的动词“成熟;使成熟”为ripen。故填ripen。
89.名词privilege的形容词“有特权的;受特别优待的”为privileged。故填privileged。
90.动词disable的形容词“有残疾的;丧失能力的”为disabled,其名词“缺陷;障碍;残疾”为disability。故填①disabled②disability。
汉译英
91.________ v. 取得资格(或学历);使合格→________ adj.符合资格;具备……的知识(或技能、学历等)→________ n. 资格;学历
92.________ adj.热情的;热心的→________ n. 热情;热心;热忱
93.________ vt.分派;布置;分配→________ n. 工作,任务;分派
94.________ n. &vt.羡慕;妒忌→________ adj.羡慕的;忌妒的
95.________ v. 属于→________ n. [pl.]财物;动产
96.________ n. 痛苦;悲惨→________ adj.痛苦的;令人难受的
97.________ v. 坚持;孜孜以求→________ n. 毅力;韧性;不屈不挠的精神
98.________ vi.&vt.决定;决心;解决(问题或困难) n. 决心;坚定的信念→________ n. 决议;解决;坚定
99.________ adv.幸运地→________ adv.不幸地;遗憾地→________ n. 运气,财富
100.________ v. 申请→________ n. 申请;请求;应用→________ n. 申请人
【答案】
91. qualify qualified qualification 92. enthusiastic enthusiasm 93. assign assignment 94. envy envious 95. belong belongings 96. misery miserable 97. persevere perseverance 98. resolve resolution 99. fortunately unfortunately fortune 100. apply application applicant
【详解】91.“取得资格(或学历);使合格”动词形式为qualify;“符合资格;具备……的知识(或技能、学历等)”形容词形式为qualified;“资格;学历”名词形式为qualification。故填①qualify②qualified③qualification。
92.“热情的;热心的”形容词形式为enthusiastic;“热情;热心;热忱”名词形式为enthusiasm。故填①enthusiastic②enthusiasm。
93.“分派;布置;分配”动词形式为assign;“工作,任务;分派”名词形式为assignment。故填①assign②assignment。
94.“羡慕;妒忌”名词及动词形式为envy;“羡慕的;忌妒的”形容词形式为envious。故填①envy②envious。
95.“属于”动词形式为belong;“财物;动产”名词形式为belongings,常用复数。故填①belong②belongings。
96.“痛苦;悲惨”名词形式为misery;“痛苦的;令人难受的”形容词形式为miserable。故填①misery②miserable。
97.“坚持,孜孜以求”动词形式为persevere;“ 毅力,韧性,不屈不挠的精神”名词形式为perseverance。故填①persevere②perseverance。
98.“决定,决心,解决(问题或困难); 决心,坚定的信念”动词和名词形式为resolve;“决议,解决,坚定”名词形式为resolution。故填①resolve②resolution。
99.“幸运地”副词形式为fortunately;“不幸地,遗憾地”副词形式为unfortunately;“运气,财富”名词形式为fortune。故填①fortunately②unfortunately③fortune。
100.“申请”动词形式为apply;“ 申请;请求;应用”名词形式为application;“申请人”名词形式为applicant。故填①apply②application③applicant。
考向02 考查构词法在句子中的运用
101.Maybe that feeling comes from growing up in South Africa, where the phrase “there are children starving in Africa” was more of an uncomfortable (remind) of fact than a prayer at dinner time. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】reminder
【详解】考查名词。句意:或许这种感觉来自在南非的成长经历,在那里,“非洲有儿童在挨饿”这句话,与其说是晚餐时的祈祷,不如说是一个令人不安的事实提醒。空格前有不定冠词an和形容词uncomfortable,需要填入单数名词作of的宾语;动词remind的名词形式是reminder,意为“提醒物,令人想起……的事物”,符合语境。故填reminder。
102.Many recommendations came up at the conference about wildlife (protect). (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】protection
【详解】考查名词。句意:会议上提出了许多关于野生动物保护的建议。protect是动词,意为“保护”;空处需用名词作介词about的宾语,protection为名词,意为“保护”;wildlife protection是固定搭配,意为“野生动物保护”。故填protection。
103.Most of the essays filled less than one page, and few contained a sentence that could be interpreted as a thesis (论点) statement. I was (shock). (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】shocked
【详解】考查形容词。句意:大多数文章篇幅不到一页,几乎没有句子能被解读为论点陈述。我感到很震惊。此处需要形容词作表语,修饰主语I,表达“感到震惊的”状态,shocked为形容词,意为“(人)感到震惊的”。故填shocked。
104.Listening to the story about how the explorer survived the whirlpool, we looked at him with (admire). (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】admiration
【详解】考查名词。句意:听着这位探险家如何在漩涡中幸存下来的故事,我们钦佩地看着他。根据介词with可知,此处需要名词作宾语;admire为动词,其名词形式admiration意为“钦佩、赞赏”,不可数名词。故填admiration。
105.Liang Jianying, general (design) of the China’s high-speed EMU, was born in 1972. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】designer
【详解】考查名词。句意:中国高速动车组总设计师梁建英出生于1972年。空处用于形容词general之后,应用名词形式作同位语,说明Liang Jianying的身份,使用名词designer,意为“设计师”,此处指“总设计师”,用名词的单数形式。故填designer。
106.We begin to see the (connect) of one thing to another in all aspects of our life, of ourselves and the universe. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】interconnectedness
【详解】考查名词。句意:我们开始看到,在我们生活的各个方面,在我们自己和宇宙中,一件事与另一件事之间的互联性。作宾语,结合句意表示 “互联性”,应用名词 interconnectedness,由前缀 inter-(相互)+connect (联系)+ 后缀 - ed+-ness 构成。故填 interconnectedness。
107.In the fictional worlds of film and TV, artificial intelligence (AI) has been described as so advanced that it is (distinguish) from humans. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】indistinguishable
【详解】考查形容词。句意:在电影和电视的虚构世界中,人工智能(AI)被描述成非常先进,以至于与人类无法区分。结合句意,此处表示 “无法区分的”,应用形容词 indistinguishable,由前缀 in-(不,非)+distinguish (区分,辨别)+ 后缀 - able 构成,在句中作表语。故填indistinguishable。
108.Many stars, which are out of the solar system, are (visible) without a telescope. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】invisible
【详解】考查形容词。句意:太阳系外的许多恒星不用望远镜是看不见的。由句意可知,此处应用visible的反义词invisible(看不见的),形容词作表语。故填invisible。
109.Rapidly nodding your head can leave the impression that you are (patient) and too eager to add something to the conversation. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】impatient
【详解】考查形容词和构词法。句意:迅速点头会给人留下你没有耐心、急于在谈话中添加内容的印象。are后需跟形容词作表语,由too eager to add something to the conversation可知,句子是说“迅速点头会给人留下你没有耐心、急于在谈话中添加内容的印象”,因此空格处为“不耐心的”,其形容词为impatient,故填impatient。
110.If one is late for a job interview, it is (likely) that he will get the job. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】unlikely
【详解】考查形容词和构词法。句意:如果一个人面试迟到,他就不太可能得到工作。由If one is late for a job interview(如果一个人面试迟到)可知,如果一个人面试迟到,他就不太可能得到工作,因此空格处为“不可能的”,is后跟形容词作表语,“不可能的”的形容词为unlikely,故填unlikely。
111.Most people here are (willing) to give up their cars. They don’t want to use buses instead. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】unwilling
【详解】考查形容词。句意:这里的大多数人都不愿意放弃他们的汽车。相反他们不想乘公共汽车。 根据语境 “They don’t want to use buses”可知,前半句应意思为“大多数人不愿意放弃他们自己的车”;willing意思为“愿意的”,“不愿意的”是其否定词,前面加前缀un-,应是unwilling。故填unwilling。
112.Like their children, parents are often (defend)about their private lives.(所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】defensive
【详解】考查形容词。句意:就像子女一样,父母也常常很注重保护他们的私生活。分析句子成分可知,空格处在系动词are后作表语,用形容词形式,故填defensive。
【点睛】
113.Jane, (behavior) yourself. Have you forgotten the rules I told you?(所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】behave
【详解】考查祈使句。句意:简,规矩点,你忘了我告诉你的规则了吗 ?分析可知空格所在的句子是一个祈使句,故空格处填所给名词的动词形式。故答案为behave。
114.Due to the widespread (apply) of this medical technology,more diseases can be discovered and treated at an early stage. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】application
【详解】考查词形转换。句意:由于这种医药技术的广泛应用,越来越多的疾病可以及早发现并且治愈了。分析句子可知,形容词widespread后用名词,此空为“应用”的意思,且为不可数名词,故填application。
115.Wander among a variety of shops selling gifts while enjoying a live music show and nice street (entertain). (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】entertainment
【详解】考查词性转换。句意:在卖礼物的各种商店里一边闲逛,一边欣赏现场音乐秀和漂亮的街头娱乐。根据句中的show,可知此空填名词。故答案为entertainment。
116.He was (apparent) much surprised at the news that the amateur athlete beat the professional one who ranked top ten. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】apparently
【分析】本题考查词汇的语境应用能力和语法能力。
【详解】考查副词。句意:他显然对业余运动员击败排名前十的职业运动员的消息感到非常惊讶。分析可知,副词修饰much surprised。apparent,形容词,意为“明显的”,其副词形式为“apparently”,意为“显然地;似乎”。故填apparently。
117.If you have been working hard, don’t be afraid to take a break and give yourself a well- (deserve) pat on the back or to reflect on your goals. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】deserved
【详解】考查形容词和构词法。句意:如果你一直在努力工作,不要害怕休息一下,给自己一个当之无愧的表扬,或者反思你的目标。分析可知,“well- __________ (deserve)”应是形容词,在名词短语“a pat on the back(表扬,赞许)”中作定语。“deserve”,动词,意为“值得,应受”,其过去分词形式“deserved”可作形容词,意为“应得的;理所当然的;该受的”,与“well”构成合成词“well-deserved(当之无愧的)”,形容词,符合句意和分析。故填deserved。
118.I shall never forget watching the sunrise over the sea-it was (forget)! (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】unforgettable
【详解】考查形容词。句意:我永远不会忘记在海上看日出——它是令人难以忘记的。空格前“was”是系动词,后面接形容词。括号中给出的提示词动词“forget”,对应的形容词是“forgettable”意思是“易被忘记的”。但根据句意这里应该使用反义“难以忘记的”,需要添加否定前缀。故填unforgettable。
119.He has only been playing football as a (profession) for two years. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】professional
【详解】考查名词。句意:他作为职业球员只踢了两年足球。根据句意和as a可知,此处应用其派生名词professional“专业人员”的单数形式作as的宾语。故填professional。
120.Even though the (connect)on the ground is fast,the signal is slow to go from space to the earth so the Internet runs slowly. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】connection
【详解】 考查名词。句意:尽管地面上的连接速度很快,但信号从太空传到地球的速度很慢,因此互联网的运行速度很慢。空格处为句子的主语,且前面有定冠词the修饰,故空格处填名词。故答案为connection。
重难·创新演练
设题创新:校园心理健康;非遗手工传承;绿色低碳出行
语法填空专题微练(构词法知识)
Passage 1
【新情境·校园心理健康】
Mental health plays an important role in students’ 1 (grow). Many teenagers feel 2 (comfort) when facing heavy study pressure, so they refuse to communicate with others. Teachers offer 3 (care) guidance to help them release anxiety. We should treat every classmate 4 (gentle) and learn to share our feelings. It is 5 (wisdom) to turn to teachers when we meet trouble.
【答案】1. growth 2. uncomfortable 3. careful 4. gently 5. wise
【导语】本文围绕青少年心理健康展开,讲述学业压力容易让学生产生负面情绪,提倡师生互助、友善沟通,及时疏导心理烦恼。
【详解】
1.考查动词变名词。形容词性物主代词 students’后需名词,grow 的名词形式 growth,意为 “成长”。
2.考查否定前缀 + 形容词。feel 后接形容词作表语,结合语境 “感到不安”,comfort 加否定前缀 un,再加后缀 able,构成 uncomfortable。
3.考查名词变形容词。修饰名词 guidance 需形容词,care 加后缀 ful,careful 表示 “细心的、贴心的”。
4.考查形容词变副词。修饰动词 treat 要用副词,gentle 去 e 加 y,gently。
5.考查名词变形容词。It is + adj. + to do 固定句型,wisdom 对应的形容词 wise。
Passage 2
【新情境·非遗手工传承】
Traditional handcrafts are full of 6 (create) beauty. Some old skills seem 7 (value) to young people at first sight, but they carry deep cultural meanings. Many young volunteers 8 (modern) old handicrafts to attract more teenagers. Without enough protection, these treasures will face 9 (disappear) in a short time. The master’s 10 (instruct) help beginners master basic skills quickly.
【答案】6. creative 7. valueless 8. modernize 9. disappearance 10. instructions
【导语】文章介绍传统手工艺,看似不起眼的老手艺蕴含深厚文化,青年志愿者改良传统工艺,呼吁大家保护非遗技艺。
【详解】
6. 考查动词变形容词。修饰名词 beauty 用形容词,create 加后缀 ive,creative 富有创造力的。
7. 考查名词变形容词 + 否定后缀。seem 后接形容词,结合转折逻辑 “看似无价值”,valueless 无价值的。
8. 考查形容词变动词。句子缺少谓语动词,modern 加后缀 ize,modernize 意为 “使现代化”。
9. 考查动词变名词。face 后接名词作宾语,disappear 的名词形式 disappearance 消失。
10. 考查动词变可数名词复数。谓语动词 help 为原形,主语为复数,instruct 对应的名词 instruction 表 “教导、说明”,复数 instructions。
Passage 3
【新情境·绿色低碳出行】
The 11 (convenient) of shared bikes encourages more people to choose low-carbon travel. Some citizens act 12 (honest) and damage public bikes on purpose. As a famous 13 (invent), he designed a new type of energy-saving bicycle last year. Taking public transport is much 14 (environment) friendly than driving private cars. We should raise people’s 15 (aware) of environmental protection.
【答案】11. convenience 12. dishonestly 13. inventor 14. more environmentally 15. awareness
【导语】本文倡导绿色出行,共享单车便利大众,但仍存在人为损坏公共车辆的现象,号召全民树立环保意识,优先选择公共交通。
【详解】
11. 考查形容词变名词。定冠词 The 后接名词作主语,convenient 的名词形式 convenience 便利。
12. 考查形容词变副词 + 否定前缀。修饰动词 act 用副词,结合后文破坏车辆,表 “不诚信地”,dishonestly。
13. 考查动词变指人名词。不定冠词 a 后接表示人的名词,inventor 发明者。
14. 考查形容词变副词 + 比较级。修饰形容词 friendly 用副词 environmentally;much 提示比较级,加 more。
15. 考查形容词变名词。名词所有格 people’s 后接名词,aware 的名词 awareness 意识。
名校真题·实战演练
考查重点:考点覆盖:动词 / 名词 / 形容词 / 副词互相转换;否定前缀 un-/in-/dis-;后缀 - ful/-ive/-ize/-ment/-ness/-or;比较级变形;……
Passage 1
【上海市青浦区2025-2026学年第二学期高三年级学业质量调研英语试卷(二模)】
Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.
A.plainly B.equivalent C. dismissed D.clue E. integrated F. imprecisely
G. boost H. reassessment I. running J. reserve K. reprogramming
The Surprising Truth about Body Fat
If you melted down the average UK adult, you would find around 22 kilograms of creamy yellow fat. It’s 1 to around 88 pieces of butter and enough to fill two-thirds of a small suitcase or cast into 446 dinner candles.
What a disturbing thought! People have long 2 body fat as nothing more than extra weight, something to get rid of. Yet this unwanted fat is undergoing a thorough 3 . Far from an inactive burden, it is a dynamic organ with its own memory and is capable of influencing everything from appetite to immunity (免疫).
Due to limited research resources, early studies could only 4 describe fat as a single store for extra calories, failing to recognize its role as a smart regulator of our body. Fat, it turns out, isn’t a single thing. Containing a mix of protective cells, nerves and blood vessels (血管), it has developed into something 5 into the overall control of blood sugar, body temperature and other bodily functions.
The first 6 that we were underestimating our body fat came in the 1990s with the discovery of leptin, a hormone released by fat cells which acts on the brain to control appetite and 7 energy consumption. On the contrary, when people quickly lose fat, leptin levels drop, which the brain interprets as a sign that energy stores might be 8 low. It responds by strengthening hunger signals and reducing energy loss to help people regain that lost fat.
The discovery of leptin revealed a hidden network between fat and the rest of the body. Since then, we have discovered that fat cells release many more hormones and other signaling chemicals, gradually proving our old opinions are 9 wrong. Some scientists are even dedicated to 10 it instead — not just to tackle weight problems, but to improve our broader health.
【答案】
1.B 2.C 3.H 4.F 5.E 6.D 7.G 8.I 9.A 10.K
【导语】文章主要介绍了身体脂肪的真相,指出脂肪并非仅仅是多余的体重,而是一个动态器官,对身体的多种功能有重要影响。
1.考查形容词。句意:它相当于大约88块黄油,足以装满一个小行李箱的三分之二,或者可以做成446根晚餐蜡烛。根据“to around 88 pieces of butter”可知,此处说的是脂肪相当于多少黄油,形容词equivalent意为“相等的,相当的”,作表语。
2.考查动词。句意:长期以来,人们一直认为身体脂肪不过是多余的体重,是应该去除的东西。根据“body fat as nothing more than extra weight, something to get rid of”可知,这是人们一直以来对脂肪的看法,动词dismiss意为“认为……不重要”,作谓语,且根据“have long”可知,此处用现在完成时have dismissed。
3.考查名词。句意:然而,这种多余的脂肪正在经历彻底的重新评估。根据“Far from an inactive burden, it is a dynamic organ with its own memory and is capable of influencing everything from appetite to immunity (免疫).”可知,脂肪正在经历重新评估,名词reassessment意为“重新评估”,作宾语。
4.考查副词。句意:由于研究资源有限,早期的研究只能不精确地将脂肪描述为额外卡路里的单一储存库,未能认识到它作为我们身体智能调节器的作用。根据“Due to limited research resources”可知,早期研究对脂肪的描述是不精确的,副词imprecisely意为“不精确地”,修饰动词describe作状语。
5.考查动词。句意:它含有保护性细胞、神经和血管的混合物,已经发展成为一种与血糖、体温和其他身体功能的整体控制相结合的东西。根据“the overall control of blood sugar, body temperature and other bodily functions”可知,此处说的是脂肪与身体功能的整体控制相结合,动词integrate意为“结合,融合”,且此处是过去分词作后置定语,修饰something。
6.考查名词。句意:我们低估身体脂肪的第一个线索出现在20世纪90年代,当时发现了瘦素,一种由脂肪细胞释放的激素,作用于大脑以控制食欲和促进能量消耗。根据“that we were underestimating our body fat”可知,此处说的是低估身体脂肪的线索,名词clue意为“线索”,作主语。
7.考查动词。句意:我们低估身体脂肪的第一个线索出现在20世纪90年代,当时发现了瘦素,一种由脂肪细胞释放的激素,作用于大脑以控制食欲和促进能量消耗。根据“energy consumption”可知,此处说的是促进能量消耗,动词boost意为“促进,增加”,且与control并列,用动词原形。
8.考查动词。句意:相反,当人们迅速失去脂肪时,瘦素水平会下降,大脑将其解释为能量储备可能正在变得过低的信号。根据“On the contrary, when people quickly lose fat, leptin levels drop”可知,此处说的是能量储备可能过低,动词run意为“变成,变得”,用现在分词构成进行时态might be running。
9.考查副词。句意:从那以后,我们发现脂肪细胞释放更多的激素和其他信号化学物质,逐渐证明我们以前的观点显然是错误的。根据“we have discovered”和“proving our old opinions”可知,此处说的是新发现证明以前的观点显然是错误的,副词plainly意为“显然地”,修饰形容词wrong作状语。
10.考查动词。句意:一些科学家甚至致力于重新编程它——不仅仅是为了解决体重问题,而是为了改善我们的整体健康。根据“not just to tackle weight problems, but to improve our broader health”可知,此处说的是科学家致力于重新编程脂肪,动词reprogram意为“重新编程”,且be dedicated to doing sth.是固定用法,意为“致力于做某事”,to是介词,后接动名词reprogramming作宾语。
Passage 2
【上海市七宝中学2025-2026学年高三下学期期中测试英语试卷】
Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.
A.identifying B.exploiting C. interventions D.biologically E. statistically
F. randomized G. linked H. regulating I. trial J. average K. clinical
New Research Links Daily Multivitamins to Slower Biological Aging
Epigenetic (后成的;外遗传的) clocks estimate biological aging based on tiny changes in our DNA.These clocks look at specific sites in our DNA 11 gene expression and change naturally as we get older, helping track with mortality and the pace of aging.
“There is a lot of interest today in 12 ways to not just live longer, but to live better,” said Dr. Howard Sesso, a researcher at Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School. “It was exciting to see benefits of a multivitamin 13 with markers of biological aging. This study opens the door to learning more aboutaccessible, safe 14 that contribute to healthier, higher-quality aging.”
For their research, Dr. Sesso and his colleagues used data from the well-established Cocoa Supplement Multivitamins Outcomes Study (COSMOS). They analyzed DNA methylation data from blood samples of 98 randomly selected healthy participants with a(n) 15 chronological age of 70.
The participants were 16 to take a daily cocoa extract and multivitamin; daily cocoa extract and placebo; placebo and multivitamin; or placebos only. Samples were analyzed for changes in five epigenetic clocks from the start of the 17 and at the end of the first and second years. Compared to the placebo only group, people in the multivitamin group had slowing in all five epigenetic clocks, including 18 clocks that are predictive of mortality.
The changes equated to about four months less biological aging over the course of two years. Additionally, people who were 19 older than their actual age at the start of the trial benefited the most.
“We plan to do follow-up research to determine if the slowing of biological aging — observed through these five epigenetic clocks, and additional or new ones — persists after the trial ends,” said Dr. Yanbin Dong, a researcher at Augusta University.
“A lot of people take a multivitamin without necessarily knowing any benefits from taking it, so the more we can learn about its potential health benefits, the better,” Dr. Sesso added. “Within COSMOS, we are fortunate and excited to build upon a rich resource of biomarker data to test how two interventions may improve biological aging and reduce age-related 20 outcomes.”
【答案】
11.H 12.A 13.G 14.C 15.J 16.F 17.I 18.E 19.D 20.K
【导语】本篇围绕一项全新研究展开,介绍每日服用复合维生素与生物衰老速度减缓之间的关联,依托科学实验数据与表观遗传时钟展开论述,侧重考查语境词义辨析、词性搭配与非谓语、形容词、副词等语法运用。
【详解】11.考查非谓语动词。句意:这些时钟聚焦DNA中的特定位点,调控基因表达,并会随着年龄增长自然发生变化,有助于追踪死亡率和衰老速度。此处表示“调节;管控”,应选regulating,现在分词作后置定语。
12.考查非谓语动词。句意:如今人们十分热衷于找出多种方式,不只是为了延长寿命,更是为了提升生活质量。此处表示“识别;找出”,应选identifying,介词in后接动名词形式。
13.考查过去分词。句意:看到复合维生素的效用与生物衰老指标存在关联,这一结果令人振奋。此处表示“联系;相关联”,应选linked,过去分词作后置定语。
14.考查名词复数。句意:该研究也为进一步探寻安全便捷、有助于实现健康优质衰老的干预方式拓宽了思路。此处表示“干预措施”,应选interventions,形容词safe修饰名词。
15.考查形容词。句意:他们分析了98名随机选取的健康参与者的血液DNA甲基化数据,这些参与者的平均生理年龄为七十岁。此处表示“平均的”,应选average,修饰名词chronological age。
16.考查被动语态。句意:参与者被随机分组,分别每日服用可可提取物与复合维生素、可可提取物与安慰剂、安慰剂与复合维生素,或仅服用安慰剂。此处表示“随机分配”,应选randomized,用于被动结构。
17.考查名词。句意:研究人员从试验初期以及第一年年末、第二年年末,分析了五项表观遗传时钟的相关数据变化。此处表示“试验”,应选trial,属于实验固定表述。
18.考查副词。句意:与仅服用安慰剂的组别相比,复合维生素组的人群五项表观遗传时钟的衰老速度均有所放缓,其中包含预测死亡率的统计类时钟。此处表示“统计上地”,应选statistically,作状语。
19.考查副词。句意:此外,在试验初期生理年龄比实际年龄偏大的人群,从该项干预中获益最多。此处表示“生物层面上地”,应选biologically,修饰形容词older。
20.考查形容词。句意:我们有望依托丰富的生物标志物数据资源,探究两种干预方式如何改善生物衰老、减少与年龄相关的临床病症。此处表示“临床的”,应选clinical,修饰名词outcomes。
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