专题13 名词、数词、主谓一致（专项训练）（上海专用）2027年高考英语一轮复习讲练测.

**基本信息** 聚焦名词、数词、主谓一致，通过基础-重难-真题三级演练系统梳理语法规则，强化语境应用与翻译能力，提升语言理解与表达素养。 **专项设计** |模块|题量/典例|题型特征|知识逻辑| |----|-----------|----------|----------| |模拟·基础演练|30题（20填空+10翻译）|单句词形转换与主谓一致填空，结合翻译考查应用|从基础语法规则（名词转换/数词表达/主谓一致）到单句应用| |重难·创新演练|3篇新情境语篇（15空）|新情境语篇填空（校园/城市/农耕）|规则在真实场景中的综合运用| |真题·实战演练|2篇名校真题语篇（20空）|真实高考语篇填空，侧重语篇中主谓一致|从单句到语篇，构建“规则-应用-拓展”逻辑链条|

第13讲 名词、数词、主谓一致 目 录 模拟·基础演练 1 重难·创新演练 7 真题·实战演练 13 模拟·基础演练 特别备注：上海高考语法填空基本不考名词、数词，此专题目的在于系统梳理语法知识点。及帮助句子翻译时能够灵活运用之。 考向01 考查名词、数词、主谓一致 1．Two thirds of my leisure time is spent on reading and the remaining one third (spend) in doing outdoor sports. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】is spent 【详解】考查动词时态、语态和主谓一致。句意：我三分之二的闲暇时间用于阅读，剩余的三分之一用于户外运动。空处作谓语，根据前面的“is spent”可知，时态应保持一致，用一般现在时，spend“花费”和主语the remaining one third之间也是被动关系，同样用被动语态，“分数/百分数+不可数名词”作主语时，谓语用单数，be动词应用is。故填is spent。 2．The famous director, together with the main actors in the film, (invite) to a TV program last Saturday. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】was invited 【详解】考查时态语态和主谓一致。句意：上周六，这位著名导演和这部电影的主要演员应邀参加了一个电视节目。由last Saturday可知，句子时态是一般过去时，导演和演员是被邀请，因此句子用一般过去时的被动语态，together with连接两个并列的主语时，谓语动词根据前面的主语，即The famous director来确定，The famous director是单数，因此空格处是was invited。故填was invited。 3．Dress codes shift so regularly that getting dressed (become) a real headache for me so far. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】has become 【详解】考查动词时态和主谓一致。句意：着装规范的变化如此频繁，以至于到目前为止，穿衣服已经成为我真正头疼的问题。空处作句子的谓语，根据时间状语“so far”可知，时态应用现在完成时，且主语是单个的动名词短语getting dressed，助动词应用has。故填has become。 4．There (exist) coastal towns where fishing was not just an occupation but a way of life, until overfishing and pollution exhaust the ocean’s resources, forcing generations to abandon traditions that had sustained them for centuries. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】existed 【详解】考查主谓一致。句意：曾经有一些沿海小镇，在那里捕鱼不仅是一种职业，更是一种生活方式。然而，过度捕捞和污染耗尽了海洋资源，迫使几代人放弃了延续数个世纪的传统。此处在句中作谓语动词，主语为coastal towns，与exist之间为主动关系，且根据后文was可知，此处应用一般过去时，陈述过去的事情，故填existed。 5．Nowadays, cycling, along with jogging and swimming, (regard) as one of the best all-round forms of exercise. （所给词的适当形式填空） 【答案】is regarded 【详解】考查时态、语态和主谓一致。句意：如今，骑自行车、慢跑和游泳被认为是最好的全方位运动形式之一。本句描述客观事实，动词regard和主语之间是被动关系，故用一般现在时的被动语态，谓语动词与主语cycling保持一致，应该用单数形式。故填is regarded。 6．The number of medical schools reached 18 in the early 1990s and (remain) around that level ever since.（所给词的适当形式填空） 【答案】has remained 【详解】考查动词时态。句意：20世纪90年代初，医学院的数量达到18所，此后一直保持在这一水平。空处应填谓语动词，主语为The number，由句意及空后的ever since可知应用现在完成时，主语是第三人称单数，助动词用has。故填has remained。 7．Currently, about 35,000 works (display) in over 300 rooms in the Louvre, and it is a good chance to see everything amazing! (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】are being displayed 【详解】考查时态、语态和主谓一致。句意：目前，大约35000件作品正在卢浮宫的300多个房间里展出，这是一个很好的机会，可以看到所有令人惊叹的东西！根据句中的Currently可知，这里表示现在正在进行的动作，应用现在进行时。主语about 35,000 works表示复数，谓语应用复数形式，且主语和display之间是动宾关系，所以应用被动语态。故填are being displayed。 8．Either the beautiful sights of this modern city or its local custom (attract) thousands of visitors during the past years. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】has attracted 【详解】考查现在完成时与主谓一致。句意：无论是这座现代化城市的美丽景色还是当地的风俗习惯在过去的这些年都已经吸引了成千上万的游客。由during the past years可知，使用现在完成时。“either...or...”连接主语时，谓语动词形式与or后主语保持一致，custom是第三人称单数，助动词使用has。故填has attracted。 9．Thanks to great advances in fundamental research, a series of genetic therapies has arrived, or (arrive), in clinics to treat blood cancer and other fatal diseases. （所给词的适当形式填空） 【答案】is arriving 【详解】考查时态。句意：由于基础研究的巨大进展，一系列的基因疗法已经或即将被临床用于治疗血癌和其他致命疾病。设空处为谓语，根据上文的has arrived，此处应是表示将来要发生的动作，位移动词arrive用现在进行时表将来，主语是a series of genetic therapies，a series of 后可加复数名词，不管名词类别为何，动词通常用单数，故填is arriving。 10．Only a small (minor) of the students in our class choose to learn Japanese as their second foreign language. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】minority 【详解】句意：我们班只有少数学生选择日语作为第二外语。空前有不定冠词a，所以此处使用minor的名词minority，a small minority of…表示“少数……”。 11．The club provides a (various) of activities including tennis, swimming and yoga. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】variety 【详解】句意：俱乐部提供各种各样的活动，包括网球、游泳和瑜伽。空处用于不定冠词a之后，应用名词variety，构成短语a variety of，表示“各种各样的”。 12．When it comes to education in the rapidly developing society, the (major) of people believe that it is a lifetime study process. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】majority 【详解】句意：在这个快速发展的社会里，当谈到教育时，大多数人认为教育是一个终身学习的过程。the majority of“多数……”是固定搭配。 13．The Chinese government set up a Giant Panda National park, which covers an area about three times size of Yellowstone National Park. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】the 【详解】考查倍数表达法。句意：中国政府建立了大熊猫国家公园，其面积约为黄石国家公园的三倍。根据倍数表达法“A + be + 倍数 + the + 计量名词 + of + B”可知，空处需用定冠词the，此处表示其面积约为黄石国家公园的三倍。故填the。 14．“When I had a cold, my mom would make a cupping (拔火罐), a technique involving placing cups on the skin to create suction (吸力),” shared Halpyarovich, now in her   (thirty). (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】thirties 【详解】考查数词。句意：“我感冒时，妈妈就会给我拔火罐，这是一种把罐子放在皮肤上产生吸力的技法。” 哈尔皮亚罗维奇分享道，她如今三十多岁了。表示“在某人几十多岁时”，需用固定结构“in one’s + 整十数的复数形式”，thirty 的复数形式为 thirties，in her thirties 即指“在她三十多岁时”。故填 thirties。 15．Many science museums launch activities to make complex technology accessible, which is effective in arousing (teenager) scientific passion. （所给词的适当形式填空） 【答案】teenagers' 【详解】考查名词所有格。句意：许多科技馆开展各类活动，让复杂的科技变得通俗易懂，有效激发了青少年的科学热情。此处修饰名词scientific passion，表“青少年的”，teenager为可数名词，用复数形式的所有格teenagers'。故填teenagers。 16．Perhaps the next generation of scientists, drawing on the (wise) of traditional Chinese medicine, will indeed discover more medicines beneficial to global health care. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】wisdom 【详解】句意：或许下一代科学家会借鉴中医的智慧，真正研发出更多有益于全球医疗健康的药物。结合空格前的the和空格后的of可知，空处需填名词作宾语，所给词wise是形容词，意为“明智的”，对应的名词形式wisdom表示“智慧”，为不可数名词。 17．As the impact of human activities continues to grow and the list of species in danger of (extinct) becomes longer, we are left with a question: can we afford to damage the “lungs of the planet”? (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】extinction 【详解】句意：随着人类活动的影响持续加剧，濒临灭绝的物种名单越来越长，我们面临一个问题：我们承担得起破坏“地球之肺”的后果吗？ 介词of后面需要接名词作宾语。所给词extinct是形容词，意为“灭绝的”，对应的名词形式extinction表示“灭绝”，为不可数名词。 18．The great invention has quickly gained widespread (recognize) and high praise across the globe. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】recognition 【详解】句意：这项伟大的发明迅速在全球范围内获得了广泛的认可和高度赞扬。本空与名词短语high praise并列，作动词gained的宾语，因此应填名词形式recognition“认可”。 19．Treat people with (sincere), and you will be treated warmly in return. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】sincerity 【详解】句意：真诚待人，你也会被温暖以待。本空作介词with的宾语，需用名词形式sincerity“真诚”。 20．No one should invade other’s privacy or use their personal information without (permit). (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】permission 【详解】句意：任何人都不应该在未经许可的情况下侵犯他人的隐私或使用其个人信息。本空作介词without的宾语，需用名词形式permission“许可”。 考向02 考查名词、数词、主谓一致在句子翻译中的运用 21．这个会议旨在激励员工，并在员工当中建立和谐的人际关系。(motivate) (汉译英) __________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】 The meeting aims to motivate the staff and build harmonious interpersonal relationships among them. 【详解】“这个会议”用名词短语the meeting作主语，“旨在做某事”使用固定搭配aim to do，主语为单数，一般现在时谓语变为第三人称单数aims，“激励员工”用不定式to motivate the staff作第一个宾语，“并建立”由并列连词and连接省略to的不定式build作并列宾语，“和谐的”用形容词harmonious作定语，“人际关系”用interpersonal relationships作build的宾语，“在员工当中”用介词短语among them作地点状语，代词them指代前文the staff。 22．该品牌从传统编织工艺中汲取灵感，推出了马年新春系列。（collection）(汉译英) _____________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】The brand drew inspiration from traditional weaving techniques and launched the Horse Year New Spring collection. 【详解】考查时态、名词。表示“该品牌”用The brand，作句子主语，句首单词首字母大写；表示“从……中汲取灵感”用draw inspiration from，描述过去发生的事情，时态为一般过去时，谓语动词用drew；表示“传统编织工艺”用traditional weaving techniques，作from的宾语；表示“推出了”用launch，时态为一般过去时，谓语动词用launched；表示“马年新春系列”用the Horse Year New Spring collection，作launched的宾语。故翻译为The brand drew inspiration from traditional weaving techniques and launched the Horse Year New Spring collection. 23．亲爱的班长，你能在我的毕业相册上签名并写一句祝福吗？（sign）(汉译英) ____________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】Dear monitor, could you please sign my graduation album and write a blessing for me? 【详解】考查动词，名词和短语。“亲爱的班长”用Dear monitor表示呼语，“能……吗”用情态动词could+动词原形的一般疑问句表示，“在……上签名”用动词sign表示，“我的毕业相册”表示为my graduation album作宾语，“写一句祝福”暗示“为我写一句祝福”用write a blessing for me表示，与“签名”是并列关系，用and连接。句首单词首字母大写。故译为Dear monitor, could you please sign my graduation album and write a blessing for me? 24．淡色木地板和充足的自然光平添了几分轻松的氛围。（atmosphere）（汉译英） _________________________________ 【答案】Light-colored wooden floors and plenty of natural light add a relaxed atmosphere. 【详解】考查名词、固定短语以及时态。表示“淡色木地板”用light-colored wooden floor，作主语；表示“和”用and，连接前后两个并列成分；表示“充足的自然光”用plenty of natural light；表示“平添了几分轻松的氛围”用add a relaxed atmosphere，描述一般事实用一般现在时，主语为复数，谓语动词用原形。故翻译为Light-colored wooden floors and plenty of natural light add a relaxed atmosphere. 25．由于不当的言论，这个名人的社交媒体账户被冻结了。(suspend) (汉译英) _______________________________________________ 【答案】The celebrity’s social media account was suspended for inappropriate remarks. 【详解】考查动词、介词短语和时态。主语“这个名人的社交媒体账户”用名词所有格the celebrity’s social media account；谓语“冻结”用动词suspend，和主语之间是被动关系，描述过去发生的事情，用一般过去时的被动语态，主语是单数名词，be动词用was；“由于不当的言论”作原因状语，可用介词短语for inappropriate remarks表示。综上，全句译为：The celebrity’s social media account was suspended for inappropriate remarks. 26．新扩建的广场是以前的四倍大。(broaden)(汉译英) ______________________________________________________ 【答案】The newly broadened square is four times the size of the previous one. 【详解】考查倍数表达、过去分词以及形容词。根据句意，该句讲述的为客观事实，所以此处使用一般现在时，表示“广场”应为the square作主语，位于句首，the的首字母需大写，表示“新扩建的”应为newly broadened为过去分词短语作定语修饰名词square，其中newly为副词修饰过去分词broadened；表示“是”应为is，作谓语；表示“以前的四倍大”应为倍数表达，其中比较的是尺寸大小，所以此处应使用“倍数+the size of…”结构，表示“以前的（那一个）”应为the previous one，为比较对象，其中one指代的为square，所以，表示“以前的四倍大”应译为four times the size of the previous one作表语。故翻译为The newly broadened square is four times the size of the previous one. 27．据报道数以百计的消防员正在参加营救行动。(Hundreds) 【答案】Hundreds of firemen are reported to be taking part in the rescue operation 【详解】考查数量词的表达。分析句子可知，时态为一般现在时，主语为hundreds of firemen，谓语为are reported to be taking part in，宾语为rescue operation，再根据其它汉语提示。故翻译为：Hundreds of firemen are reported to be taking part in the rescue operation。 28．但是，制造一个纸袋消耗的能量是制造一个塑料袋的四倍。（as......as）（汉译英） ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】However, making a paper bag consumes four times as much energy as making a plastic bag. 【详解】本句话描述客观事实，所以用一般现在时态。“但是” 可用However表示；“制造一个纸袋”可翻译为making a paper bag，在句中作主语，动名词短语作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式；“消耗的能量”可翻译为consumes energy；“是……的四倍”可用倍数表达法“... times as much + 名词 + as...”结构，这“四倍”即four times，“能量”用energy，不可数名词；“制造一个塑料袋”可翻译为making a plastic bag。 29．这座古桥历经数百年风雨，不仅连通两岸，便利四方居民，更是小镇历史变迁与时代发展的无声见证者。(serve) (汉译英) ___________________________________________________ 【答案】Having gone through/ weathered centuries of trials/ wind and rain, this ancient bridge not only connects/ serves as a vital link between the two riverbanks, bringing convenience to the surrounding communities, but also serves as a silent witness to/ silently witnesses the town’s historical transformative changes/ great historical changes and the development of times. 【详解】考查动词、名词、短语和固定结构。此句陈述客观事实，用一般现在时；“这座古桥”用this ancient bridge作主语，谓语动词用第三人称单数，“不仅……更……”表达为not only... but also...连接并列谓语；“连通两岸”表达为connect the two riverbanks或serve as a vital link between the two riverbanks，connect/serve作谓语，“便利四方居民”表达为bring convenience to the surrounding communities，主语与bring是主动关系，可用现在分词短语作状语；“是……的无声见证者”表达为serve as a silent witness to...或silently witness...，serve/witness作谓语，“小镇历史变迁”表达为名词短语the town’s historical transformative changes或the town’s great historical changes，“时代发展”表达为名词短语the development of times；“历经数百年风雨”表达为go through/ weather centuries of trials/ wind and rain，主语“这座古桥(this ancient bridge)”与动词（短语）go through/ weather是主动关系，强调已历经数百年风雨，可用现在分词的完成式having gone through/ weathered centuries of trials/ wind and rain作状语，故整句翻译为：Having gone through/ weathered centuries of trials/ wind and rain, this ancient bridge not only connects/ serves as a vital link between the two riverbanks, bringing convenience to the surrounding communities, but also serves as a silent witness to/ silently witnesses the town’s historical transformative changes/ great historical changes and the development of times. 30．经过3个月的试用，3款冰箱中，这款被证明最节能。(prove) (汉译英) __________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】After a three-month trial, among the three refrigerators, this one proves to be the most energy-efficient. 【详解】考查固定短语，时态和主谓一致。“经过3个月的试用”是after a three-month trial，“3款冰箱中”是among the three refrigerators，“这款”是this one，“被证明”是prove to be，句子描述客观事实，时态用一般现在时，主语this one是单数，因此prove用第三人称单数，“最节能”用最高级the most energy-efficient，因此整句话翻译为“After a three-month trial, among the three refrigerators, this one proves to be the most energy-efficient”。故答案为After a three-month trial, among the three refrigerators, this one proves to be the most energy-efficient. 重难·创新演练 设题创新:校园社团活动;城市图书馆建设；农耕研学实践 语法填空专题微练（名词、数词、主谓一致） Passage 1 【新情境·校园社团活动】 The school will hold three volunteer 1 (activity) next Friday. The 2 (nine) club to sign up is the environmental protection group. Every member together with the teacher 3 (need) to prepare reusable bags for street cleaning. Two 4 (hour) of service will bring students plenty of valuable experience. Great changes 5 (take) place in students’ sense of social responsibility after long-term volunteer work. 【答案】1. activities 2. ninth 3. needs 4. hours 5. take 【导语】本文介绍学校下周志愿活动安排，不同社团分批参与环保志愿劳动，长期志愿活动能培养学生社会责任感。 【详解】 1. 考查名词复数。three 后接可数名词复数，activity 变复数为 activities。 2. 考查序数词。定冠词 the 后表示 “第九个社团”，nine 的序数词形式 ninth。 3. 考查主谓一致。主语 Every member，together with the teacher 为插入语，谓语动词与主语保持一致，用单数 needs。 4. 考查名词复数。two 后接可数名词复数，hour 复数 hours。 5. 考查主谓一致。主语 Great changes 为复数名词，一般现在时谓语动词用原形 take。 Passage 2 【新情境·城市图书馆建设】 Lots of useful 6 (inform) about local history is stored in the city library. This is the 7 (librarian) office, where all borrowing records are kept. Two 8 (three) of the new books are about traditional culture. Neither the librarians nor the manager 9 (allow) readers to take magazines out of the reading room. The whole collection of old books 10 (attract) thousands of visitors every year. 【答案】6. information 7. librarian’s 8. thirds 9. allows 10. attracts 【导语】文章介绍城市图书馆馆藏资源，馆藏大量地方史料与传统文化书籍，古籍展区常年吸引众多市民参观。 【详解】 6. 考查名词词性转换。useful 修饰名词，inform 的名词形式 information，不可数名词无复数。 7. 考查名词所有格。修饰名词 office，表 “图书管理员的办公室”，单数名词所有格加’s，填 librarian’s。 8. 考查分数表达。分数结构：分子基数词，分母序数词；分子大于 1，分母加 s，two thirds 三分之二。 9. 考查主谓一致。neither…nor… 遵循就近原则，靠近谓语的主语 the manager 为单数，谓语用 allows。 10. 考查主谓一致。主语 The whole collection 为单数，of old books 作后置定语，谓语用单数 attracts。 Passage 3 【新情境·农耕研学实践】 All the 11 (product) are displayed in the farming experience base. It is the 12 (farmer) warehouse that stores seeds and farm tools. In the 13 (twenty) century, local villages began to develop agricultural tourism. A group of students, as well as their guide, 14 (visit) the vegetable greenhouse every spring. The group of farm tools 15 (belong) to the village committee. 【答案】11. products 12. farmers’ 13. twentieth 14. visits 15. belongs 【导语】本文讲述乡村农耕研学基地，展示各类农产品，每年春季组织学生体验农耕，学习农作物种植知识。 【详解】 11. 考查名词复数。谓语 are 提示主语为复数，product 复数 products。 12. 考查复数名词所有格。修饰 warehouse，指多位农民共用的仓库，复数名词 farmers 变所有格直接加’，填 farmers’。 13. 考查序数词。in the twentieth century 在二十世纪，twenty 变序数词 twentieth。 14. 考查主谓一致。主语 A group of students，as well as their guide 为附加成分，谓语与主语 group 保持单数，用 visits。 15. 考查主谓一致。主语 The group 为单数，of farm tools 作定语，谓语动词用单数 belongs。 名校真题·实战演练 特别说明：上海高考语法填空几乎不考名词、数词，此专题目的在于系统梳理语法知识点。及帮助句子翻译时能够灵活运用之。主谓一致在语篇填空中会偶有涉及。 Passage 1 【来源】上海市浦东新区建平中学2025-2026学年高三上学期期中教学质量检测英语试卷 The former sailor fighting to keep cruise ships at bay Few people know the sea better than Frederic Picard. He spent 30 years in the merchant navy before becoming a commercial captain, 51 (transport) tourists and containers across the Mediterranean for more than two decades. Now aged 65, it is with no small note of sadness 52 he says, increasingly, it is the land that calls him. “To be honest, I no longer feel the same urge 53 (go) to sea,” he said. “I go hiking a lot in the mountains with my wife, and we’ve found an environment 54 is much more preserved. The mountains are beautiful wherever you go.” Picard’s beloved sea 55 (destroy), he believes, by something uncomfortably close to home: cruise ships. Faced with this new reality, Picard has decided to become the sea’s protector. For Picard, the switch from boat captain to protector — a transformation that required him to unlearn much of 56 his decades at sea had taught — has been a long and often humbling journey of self-education. When he started working on ships he knew they were “machines that pollute a lot”, but little more than that, he said. He became increasingly aware of the impact 57 parking such “big monsters” in the middle of a city, and when his first grandchild was born he decided he needed to act. He has regrets about his former career as a commercial sailor, which, 58 it gave him decades of experience at sea, also made him participate in the very practices he now criticizes; yet he makes efforts to share his knowledge of the maritime world with as many people as possible, 59 (drive) by the hope that such awareness might prove useful to others. “I certainly feel guilty,” he said. “It’s guilt for 60 (involve) in the destruction of life. But maybe that is the engine that makes me an activist now. 【答案】 51．transporting 52．that 53．to go 54．which/that 55．is being destroyed 56．what 57．of 58．though 59．driven 60．being involved 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了前水手Frederic Picard从海上从业者转变为海洋保护者的经历及原因。 【详解】51．考查非谓语动词。句意：在成为商业船长之前，他在商船上工作了30年，20多年来一直在地中海运送游客和集装箱。本句已有谓语动词spent，所以空处需用非谓语动词；transport与其逻辑主语He之间是主动关系，所以空处需用现在分词transporting作伴随状语。故填transporting。 52．考查强调句型。句意：现年65岁的他说，越来越让他感到悲伤的是，是陆地召唤着他。强调句型“It is/was+被强调部分+that+句子其他部分”，本句强调的是状语with no small note of sadness，所以空处需用that。故填that。 53．考查非谓语动词。句意：“说实话，我不再有同样的出海冲动了，”他说。urge to do sth.“做某事的冲动”，是固定搭配，所以空处需用动词不定式作后置定语。故填to go。 54．考查定语从句。句意：“我和妻子经常在山里徒步旅行，我们发现了一个保存得更好的环境。无论你走到哪里，山都很美。”空处需用关系词引导定语从句，先行词是environment，指物，关系词在定语从句中作主语，所以空处需用关系代词which/that。故填which/that。 55．考查时态、语态和主谓一致。句意：Picard认为，他心爱的大海正在被一种与自身密切相关的东西摧毁：游轮。根据句意和语境可知，此处表示大海正在被摧毁，所以空处谓语动词需用现在进行时的被动语态：be being done，主语是sea，单数，所以be动词需用is。故填is being destroyed。 56．考查宾语从句。句意：对Picard来说，从船长到保护者的转变——这需要他忘记在海上几十年的大部分所学——是一段漫长而常常令人谦卑的自我教育之旅。空处需用连接词引导宾语从句，从句动词taught缺少宾语，指物，所以空处需用连接代词what引导宾语从句。故填what。 57．考查介词。句意：他越来越意识到把这样的“大怪物”停在城市中心的影响，当他的第一个孙子出生时，他决定需要采取行动。the impact of“……的影响”，是固定搭配，所以空处需用介词of。故填of。 58．考查连词。句意：他对自己以前的商业水手生涯感到遗憾，尽管这让他在海上有了几十年的经验，但也让他参与了他现在批评的做法；然而，他努力与尽可能多的人分享他对海洋世界的知识，希望这种意识对其他人有用。根据空前后句意可知，此处前后句之间是让步关系，所以空处需用连词though“虽然，尽管”引导让步状语从句。故填though。 59．考查非谓语动词。句意同上。yet之后的句子已有谓语动词makes，所以空处需用非谓语动词；空处动词drive与其逻辑主语he之间是被动关系，所以空处需用过去分词driven作状语。故填driven。 60．考查非谓语动词。句意：“这当然是一种内疚感，”他说。“这是参与破坏生命的内疚感。但也许这就是让我现在成为一名活动家的动力。”介词for后需接动名词作宾语，根据句意可知，此处表示“被卷入”，所以空处需用动名词的被动语态：being done。故填being involved。 Passage 2 【来源】上海市普陀区曹杨第二中学2025-2026学年学年高三上学期期中考试英语试题 The Science Of Scratching Mom knew what she was talking about after all: Scratching really does make the itch worse. Good 61 it feels, the burst of ecstasy (狂喜) you get from clawing your irritated skin only prolongs a vicious itch-scratch cycle, putting true relief 62 (far) out of reach. But why? Though itch has troubled our species for thousands of years, scientists have just begun to comprehend the physiological mechanisms 63 it. Over the past couple of decades, research has shown 64 scratching taps into our brains’ reward and immune systems, producing a strange mix of sensations that makes it all but impossible to resist. “You scratch to feel better,” says Brian Kim, a neuroimmunologist at Mount Sinai’s Icahn School of Medicine, “but in doing so, you actually activate immune pathways that are counterproductive.” In 1660, a definition of itch arose that’s still in use today: an unpleasant sensation that provokes the desire to scratch. It results from 65 from insect bites and poisonous plants to allergic reactions and skin conditions like eczema (湿疹). Until recently, itch was considered a form of mild pain 66 (arise) from the weak activation of pain receptors. This “intensity theory” speculated that itch stood at one end of the pain spectrum, and 67 (transition) all the way to full-blown suffering as a stimulus grew stronger. But in 2014, Zhou-Feng Chen, an itch researcher then at Washington University, discovered that serotonin (the mood-regulating “happiness hormone”) plays a big role in perpetuating (使永久) the itch-scratch cycle. The research team found that when mice scratch an itch, their brains release a surge of serotonin, resulting in a moment of pure bliss. These results were consistent with a PLOS One study from the previous year, which showed that scratching activates the brain regions 68 (involve) in the reward circuit, a neural network that floods the body with euphoria-inducing chemicals in response to pleasurable activities and substances. It’s the same system 69 underlies addiction, which isn’t surprising if you’ve ever lost an hour scratching at mosquito bites. But Kim notes there’s another side to this coin: the longing not to feel pleasure 70 to ease discomfort. “That’s what’s so complex about it,” he says. “There are different levels at which you need to scratch.” 【答案】 61．as/though 62．farther 63．behind 64．that 65．everything 66．arising 67．would transition 68．involved 69．that 70．but 【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要说明了抓挠虽能暂时缓解瘙痒，却会延长恶性循环。它激活大脑奖赏系统与免疫通路，背后有复杂生理机制，并非轻微疼痛，且与血清素相关，让人难以抗拒。 【详解】61．考查状语从句。句意：尽管这种感觉很美妙，但你因抓挠恼人的皮肤而产生的那种狂喜感，只会让那痛苦的瘙痒-抓挠循环持续下去，从而使真正的缓解变得更加遥不可及。此处为：形容词+ as/though +主语+系动词，表示“尽管……”。故填as/though。 62．考查比较级。句意：尽管这种感觉很美妙，但你因抓挠恼人的皮肤而产生的那种狂喜感，只会让那痛苦的瘙痒-抓挠循环持续下去，从而使真正的缓解变得更加遥不可及。表示“变得更加遥不可及”应用比较级farther，故填farther。 63．考查介词。句意：尽管瘙痒现象已经困扰人类数千年之久，但科学家们才刚刚开始探究其背后的生理机制。后跟it作宾语，结合句意“背后的生理机制”可知用介词behind。故填behind。 64．考查宾语从句。句意：在过去几十年里，研究发现，挠痒痒会刺激我们大脑的奖赏系统和免疫系统，产生一种奇特的混合感觉，让人几乎无法抗拒。引导宾语从句，从句不缺少成分和句意，故填that。 65．考查代词。句意：这可能是由多种因素引起的，包括昆虫叮咬、有毒植物、过敏反应以及像湿疹这样的皮肤疾病等。作介词的宾语，且表示“从……到……的各种情况”应用不定代词everything。故填everything。 66．考查非谓语动词。句意：直到不久前，人们都认为瘙痒是一种由疼痛感受器轻微激活所引起的轻微疼痛。此处pain与arise构成主动关系，故用现在分词作定语。故填arising。 67．考查时态。句意：这种“强度理论”认为，瘙痒处于疼痛程度的某一极端位置，随着刺激强度的增强，它会逐渐发展成完全的疼痛状态。根据后文“as a stimulus grew stronger”可知，此处表示过去看来将会发生，用过去将来时。故填would transition。 68．考查非谓语动词。句意：激活了与奖赏回路相关的脑区，这是一个神经网络，当人体接触到令人愉悦的活动或物质时，它会向体内释放能带来愉悦感的化学物质。此处regions与involve构成被动关系，故用过去分词作定语。故填involved。 69．考查固定句型。句意：这正是导致上瘾现象的相同机制，如果你曾经因为挠蚊子叮咬而浪费了一个小时，那么这种现象也就不足为奇了。句型the same…that…表示“正是这个……”。故填that。 70．考查固定句型。句意：但金指出，这枚硬币还有另一面：人们并非渴望获得快乐，而是希望减轻痛苦带来的不适感。句型not…but…表示“不是……而是……”。故填but。 20 / 20网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 第13讲 名词、数词、主谓一致 目 录 模拟·基础演练 1 重难·创新演练 7 真题·实战演练 13 模拟·基础演练 特别备注：上海高考语法填空基本不考名词、数词，此专题目的在于系统梳理语法知识点。及帮助句子翻译时能够灵活运用之。 考向01 考查名词、数词、主谓一致 1．Two thirds of my leisure time is spent on reading and the remaining one third (spend) in doing outdoor sports. (所给词的适当形式填空) 2．The famous director, together with the main actors in the film, (invite) to a TV program last Saturday. (所给词的适当形式填空) 3．Dress codes shift so regularly that getting dressed (become) a real headache for me so far. (所给词的适当形式填空) 4．There (exist) coastal towns where fishing was not just an occupation but a way of life, until overfishing and pollution exhaust the ocean’s resources, forcing generations to abandon traditions that had sustained them for centuries. (所给词的适当形式填空) 5．Nowadays, cycling, along with jogging and swimming, (regard) as one of the best all-round forms of exercise. （所给词的适当形式填空） 6．The number of medical schools reached 18 in the early 1990s and (remain) around that level ever since.（所给词的适当形式填空） 7．Currently, about 35,000 works (display) in over 300 rooms in the Louvre, and it is a good chance to see everything amazing! (所给词的适当形式填空) 8．Either the beautiful sights of this modern city or its local custom (attract) thousands of visitors during the past years. (所给词的适当形式填空) 9．Thanks to great advances in fundamental research, a series of genetic therapies has arrived, or (arrive), in clinics to treat blood cancer and other fatal diseases. （所给词的适当形式填空） 10．Only a small (minor) of the students in our class choose to learn Japanese as their second foreign language. (所给词的适当形式填空) 11．The club provides a (various) of activities including tennis, swimming and yoga. (所给词的适当形式填空) 12．When it comes to education in the rapidly developing society, the (major) of people believe that it is a lifetime study process. (所给词的适当形式填空) 13．The Chinese government set up a Giant Panda National park, which covers an area about three times size of Yellowstone National Park. (用适当的词填空) 14．“When I had a cold, my mom would make a cupping (拔火罐), a technique involving placing cups on the skin to create suction (吸力),” shared Halpyarovich, now in her   (thirty). (所给词的适当形式填空) 15．Many science museums launch activities to make complex technology accessible, which is effective in arousing (teenager) scientific passion. （所给词的适当形式填空） 16．Perhaps the next generation of scientists, drawing on the (wise) of traditional Chinese medicine, will indeed discover more medicines beneficial to global health care. (所给词的适当形式填空) 17．As the impact of human activities continues to grow and the list of species in danger of (extinct) becomes longer, we are left with a question: can we afford to damage the “lungs of the planet”? (所给词的适当形式填空) 18．The great invention has quickly gained widespread (recognize) and high praise across the globe. (所给词的适当形式填空) 19．Treat people with (sincere), and you will be treated warmly in return. (所给词的适当形式填空) 20．No one should invade other’s privacy or use their personal information without (permit). (所给词的适当形式填空) 考向02 考查名词、数词、主谓一致在句子翻译中的运用 21．这个会议旨在激励员工，并在员工当中建立和谐的人际关系。(motivate) (汉译英) ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 22．该品牌从传统编织工艺中汲取灵感，推出了马年新春系列。（collection）(汉译英) ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 23．亲爱的班长，你能在我的毕业相册上签名并写一句祝福吗？（sign）(汉译英) ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 24．淡色木地板和充足的自然光平添了几分轻松的氛围。（atmosphere）（汉译英） ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 25．由于不当的言论，这个名人的社交媒体账户被冻结了。(suspend) (汉译英) ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 26．新扩建的广场是以前的四倍大。(broaden)(汉译英) ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 27．据报道数以百计的消防员正在参加营救行动。(Hundreds) ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 28．但是，制造一个纸袋消耗的能量是制造一个塑料袋的四倍。（as......as）（汉译英） ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 29．这座古桥历经数百年风雨，不仅连通两岸，便利四方居民，更是小镇历史变迁与时代发展的无声见证者。(serve) (汉译英) ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 30．经过3个月的试用，3款冰箱中，这款被证明最节能。(prove) (汉译英) ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 重难·创新演练 设题创新:校园社团活动;城市图书馆建设；农耕研学实践 语法填空专题微练（名词、数词、主谓一致） Passage 1 【新情境·校园社团活动】 The school will hold three volunteer 1 (activity) next Friday. The 2 (nine) club to sign up is the environmental protection group. Every member together with the teacher 3 (need) to prepare reusable bags for street cleaning. Two 4 (hour) of service will bring students plenty of valuable experience. Great changes 5 (take) place in students’ sense of social responsibility after long-term volunteer work. Passage 2 【新情境·城市图书馆建设】Lots of useful 6 (inform) about local history is stored in the city library. This is the 7 (librarian) office, where all borrowing records are kept. Two 8 (three) of the new books are about traditional culture. Neither the librarians nor the manager 9 (allow) readers to take magazines out of the reading room. The whole collection of old books 10 (attract) thousands of visitors every year. Passage 3 【新情境·农耕研学实践】All the 11 (product) are displayed in the farming experience base. It is the 12 (farmer) warehouse that stores seeds and farm tools. In the 13 (twenty) century, local villages began to develop agricultural tourism. A group of students, as well as their guide, 14 (visit) the vegetable greenhouse every spring. The group of farm tools 15 (belong) to the village committee. 名校真题·实战演练 特别说明：上海高考语法填空几乎不考名词、数词，此专题目的在于系统梳理语法知识点。及帮助句子翻译时能够灵活运用之。主谓一致在语篇填空中会偶有涉及。 Passage 1 【来源】上海市浦东新区建平中学2025-2026学年高三上学期期中教学质量检测英语试卷 The former sailor fighting to keep cruise ships at bay Few people know the sea better than Frederic Picard. He spent 30 years in the merchant navy before becoming a commercial captain, 51 (transport) tourists and containers across the Mediterranean for more than two decades. Now aged 65, it is with no small note of sadness 52 he says, increasingly, it is the land that calls him. “To be honest, I no longer feel the same urge 53 (go) to sea,” he said. “I go hiking a lot in the mountains with my wife, and we’ve found an environment 54 is much more preserved. The mountains are beautiful wherever you go.” Picard’s beloved sea 55 (destroy), he believes, by something uncomfortably close to home: cruise ships. Faced with this new reality, Picard has decided to become the sea’s protector. For Picard, the switch from boat captain to protector — a transformation that required him to unlearn much of 56 his decades at sea had taught — has been a long and often humbling journey of self-education. When he started working on ships he knew they were “machines that pollute a lot”, but little more than that, he said. He became increasingly aware of the impact 57 parking such “big monsters” in the middle of a city, and when his first grandchild was born he decided he needed to act. He has regrets about his former career as a commercial sailor, which, 58 it gave him decades of experience at sea, also made him participate in the very practices he now criticizes; yet he makes efforts to share his knowledge of the maritime world with as many people as possible, 59 (drive) by the hope that such awareness might prove useful to others. “I certainly feel guilty,” he said. “It’s guilt for 60 (involve) in the destruction of life. But maybe that is the engine that makes me an activist now. Passage 2 【来源】上海市普陀区曹杨第二中学2025-2026学年学年高三上学期期中考试英语试题 The Science Of Scratching Mom knew what she was talking about after all: Scratching really does make the itch worse. Good 61 it feels, the burst of ecstasy (狂喜) you get from clawing your irritated skin only prolongs a vicious itch-scratch cycle, putting true relief 62 (far) out of reach. But why? Though itch has troubled our species for thousands of years, scientists have just begun to comprehend the physiological mechanisms 63 it. Over the past couple of decades, research has shown 64 scratching taps into our brains’ reward and immune systems, producing a strange mix of sensations that makes it all but impossible to resist. “You scratch to feel better,” says Brian Kim, a neuroimmunologist at Mount Sinai’s Icahn School of Medicine, “but in doing so, you actually activate immune pathways that are counterproductive.” In 1660, a definition of itch arose that’s still in use today: an unpleasant sensation that provokes the desire to scratch. It results from 65 from insect bites and poisonous plants to allergic reactions and skin conditions like eczema (湿疹). Until recently, itch was considered a form of mild pain 66 (arise) from the weak activation of pain receptors. This “intensity theory” speculated that itch stood at one end of the pain spectrum, and 67 (transition) all the way to full-blown suffering as a stimulus grew stronger. But in 2014, Zhou-Feng Chen, an itch researcher then at Washington University, discovered that serotonin (the mood-regulating “happiness hormone”) plays a big role in perpetuating (使永久) the itch-scratch cycle. The research team found that when mice scratch an itch, their brains release a surge of serotonin, resulting in a moment of pure bliss. These results were consistent with a PLOS One study from the previous year, which showed that scratching activates the brain regions 68 (involve) in the reward circuit, a neural network that floods the body with euphoria-inducing chemicals in response to pleasurable activities and substances. It’s the same system 69 underlies addiction, which isn’t surprising if you’ve ever lost an hour scratching at mosquito bites. But Kim notes there’s another side to this coin: the longing not to feel pleasure 70 to ease discomfort. “That’s what’s so complex about it,” he says. “There are different levels at which you need to scratch.” 20 / 20网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 第13讲 名词、数词、主谓一致 参考答案 模拟·基础演练 考向01 考查考查名词、数词、主谓一致 1．is spent 2．was invited 3．has become 4．existed 5．is regarded 6．has remained 7．are being displayed 8．has attracted 9．is arriving 10．minority 11．variety 12．majority 13．the 14．thirties 15．teenagers' 16．wisdom 17．extinction 18．recognition 19．sincerity 20．permission 考向02 考查考查名词、数词、主谓一致在句子翻译中的运用 21． The meeting aims to motivate the staff and build harmonious interpersonal relationships among them. 22．The brand drew inspiration from traditional weaving techniques and launched the Horse Year New Spring collection. 23．Dear monitor, could you please sign my graduation album and write a blessing for me? 24．Light-colored wooden floors and plenty of natural light add a relaxed atmosphere. 25．The celebrity’s social media account was suspended for inappropriate remarks. 26．The newly broadened square is four times the size of the previous one. 27．Hundreds of firemen are reported to be taking part in the rescue operation 28．However, making a paper bag consumes four times as much energy as making a plastic bag. 29．Having gone through/ weathered centuries of trials/ wind and rain, this ancient bridge not only connects/ serves as a vital link between the two riverbanks, bringing convenience to the surrounding communities, but also serves as a silent witness to/ silently witnesses the town’s historical transformative changes/ great historical changes and the development of times. 30．After a three-month trial, among the three refrigerators, this one proves to be the most energy-efficient. 重难·创新演练 Passage 1 【答案】1. activities 2. ninth 3. needs 4. hours 5. take Passage 2 【答案】6. information 7. librarian’s 8. thirds 9. allows 10. attracts Passage 3 【答案】11. products 12. farmers’ 13. twentieth 14. visits 15. belongs 名校真题·实战演练 Passage 1 51．transporting 52．that 53．to go 54．which/that 55．is being destroyed 56．what 57．of 58．though 59．driven 60．being involved Passage 2 61．as/though 62．farther 63．behind 64．that 65．everything 66．arising 67．would transition 68．involved 69．that 70．but 20 / 20网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $