专题02 非谓语动词（暑假复习讲义）新九年级英语新教材鲁教版五四学制

专题02 非谓语动词 内容导航 01 复习目标→ 明考向、知权重、晓关联、以目标导学，以考向定标 02 知识重构 → 系统讲解核心知识，重构整合形成体系 脉络重构：快速扫描高频考点，定位薄区 典例破题：精选例题，呈现思路点拨+规范解答+方法提炼 巩固提升：趁热打铁练一练，强化巩固所学 03综合通关 → 综合演练，梯度设题；查漏补缺，闭环收官 知识点 常考考点 命题风向 非谓语动词 1. 动词不定式 2. 动名词 3. 想在分词与过去分词 1. 重语境轻死记：结合生活、科技、传统文化等真实语境 2. 重应用轻规则：从纯语法题转向理解运用题 3. 题型融合：在短文填空、写作中隐性考查 4. 高频考点固定：固定搭配、易混辨析仍是核心 ( 脉 ｜ 络 ｜ 重 ｜ 构 ) 非 谓 语 动 词 动 词 不 定 式 主语 It is very hard to finish the work in ten minutes. 宾语 He wants to be a doctor in the future. 表语 Her job is to clean the hall. 宾补 My teacher often encourages me not to give up. 定语 I have too much work to do. 状语 He worked day and night to get the money. 动 名 词 主语 Reading aloud is very helpful. 宾语 Tom enjoys reading. 表语 His hobby is collecting stamps. 定语 He can't walk without a walking-stick. 分 词 定语 In the following years he worked even harder. He likes the books written by Hanhan. 宾补 He kept the car waiting at the gate. He’ll have his hair cut after school. ( 考 ｜ 点 ｜ 精 ｜ 讲 ) 01动词不定式 一、动词不定式的基本形式 　动词不定式：具有名词、形容词、副词的特征。其构成形式为：to +动词原形，也可以不用to，即，动词原形.to为不定式符号，无意义。否定式为：not + (to) do 二、不定式的句法功能： 1,作主语： To finish the work in ten minutes is very hard. 十分钟之内完成这项工作是很难的。 To lose your heart means failure. 灰心意味着失败。 动词不定式作主语时，常用it作形式主语，真正的主语不定式置于句后，例如上面两句可用如下形式： It is very hard to finish the work in ten minutes. 十分钟之内完成这项工作是很难的。 It means failure to lose your heart. 灰心意味着失败。 常用句式有： 1)、It+be+名词+to do。如，It is one’s duty/ turn to do sth. It’s time to do sth. 2)、It takes sb.+some time+to do。 3)、It+be+形容词+(for/of) sb +to do。 【注意】 careless,,clever,good,foolish,honest,kind,lazy,nice,right,silly,stupid,wise,等表示人的品质的形容词，不定式前的sb用of.作其逻辑主语。其他时,sb前要用for. 如，It’s very kind/nice of you to help me. It’s very important for us to protect the environment 2．作表语： Her job is to clean the hall. 她的工作是打扫大厅。 He seems to catch a cold. 他似乎感冒了。 3．作宾语： 1),常与不定式做宾语连用的动词有： would like,want,hope,wish,plan,expect,decide,try,learn,pretend,refuse,help,agree等。 2),在find,think后加不定式作宾语时，常用it代替，真正的宾语（不定式）后置， 其句型为：find/think + it +形容词+ to do. 3),常见的一些不带to 的动词不定式(即动词原形)：Why not do---？= Why don't you do---? had better (not) do---, would rather do---,prefer to do---, would/could/will you please do---? 4．作宾语补足语： 1），动词不定式可充当宾语补足语，如下动词：want,wish,ask,tell,order,help,advise,allow,cause,encorrage,would like,invite. 2), 不定式作宾语补足语时省略to的情况：若不定式前的谓语动词是使役动词make，let，have（表示“让、使”）、感官动词see，watch，look at，find， notice，hear，listen to， feel时，不定式符号to可以省略。这些动词亦可总结为口诀：“三使五看两听一感觉”。 5．作定语： 动词不定式作定语，放在所修饰的名词或代词后。与所修饰名词常有动宾关系： I have too much work to do. 我有许多活要做。 【注意】不定式为不及物动词时，且与所修饰的名词有动宾关系，要在不定式后加适当的介词， 如：He found a good house to live in. 他找到了一个居住的好房子。 　　The child has nothing to worry about. 这个孩子无忧无虑。 　　What did you open it with? 你用什么打开它？ 6．作状语： 不定式作状语时初中阶段重点掌握不定式表目的： He worked day and night to get the money. 他夜以继日地工作来赚钱。 To make things easier,some people would rather just give money.为了省事，有些人你原直接送钱。　　 7.动词不定式前有时可与疑问词 what,when,who,where,which,how等连用， 如： He gave us some advice on how to learn English. 他给了我们一些学英语的建议。 The teacher is telling the students what to do and how to do it.老师正在告诉学生们做什么及怎么做。 三、固定结构 1. too…to…：太……而不能…… He is too young to go to school. 2. …enough to do…：足够……去做…… He is not old enough to go to school. 02 动名词 一、动名词基本形式 动名词既具有动词的一些特征，又具有名词的句法功能,一般由动词原形+-ing构成。 否定式：not + 动名词 二、 动名词的句法功能： 1.作主语（谓语动词用单数） Reading aloud is very helpful. 朗读是很有好处的。 Collecting stamps is interesting. 集邮很有趣。 2．作表语： His hobby is collecting stamps.他的爱好是集邮。 3．作宾语： They haven't finished building the hospital. 他们还没有建好医院。 We have to prevent the air from being polluted. 我们必须阻止空气被污染。 【注意】动名词既可作动词宾语也可作介词宾语（一般说来，介词后的动词要加-ing），如上面两个例句。此外，动名词作宾语时，若跟有宾语补足语，则常用形式宾语it，例如： 　　We found it impolite making fun of others. 我们发现取笑他人不礼貌。 如下动词及短语只跟动名词作宾语：enjoy,finish,suggest,avoid,keep,consider,miss,mind,practice . be busy,feel like,can't stand(不能忍受),can't stop/help（情不自禁地），think of,dream of,prevent/stop…from(阻止某人做事),spend…(in),succeed in,be 、get/used to(习惯于做------),look forward to,pay attention to,keep on,have fun/a good time/problems/trouble/a hard(difficult)time (in)doing 4．作定语：表明所修饰词的用途，所属关系等，至于所修饰词之前。 He can't walk without a walking-stick. 他没有拐杖不能走路。 Is there a swimming pool in your school? 你们学校有游泳池吗？ 三、固定结构 be busy doing, be worth doing feel like doing ,can't stand doing,can't stop/help doing spend…(in) doing have fun/a good time/problems/trouble/a hard(difficult)time (in)doing 【注意】be/get/used to(习惯于做------),look forward to,pay attention to, 以上短语中的to是介词其后加动名词。 【区别】 1. stop doing / stop to do stop doing sth. 停止正在做的这件事。 例：Stop talking. 别说话了。 stop to do sth. 停下（手头的事），去做另一件事。 例：He stopped to rest. 他停下来去休息。 2. remember doing / remember to do remember doing sth.记得做过某事（事已做）。例：I remember seeing him. 我记得见过他。 remember to do sth.记得要去做某事（事还没做）例：Remember to lock the door. 记得锁门。 3. forget doing / forget to do forget doing sth.忘记做过某事（事已做，忘了）。例：I forgot telling him. 我忘了告诉过他了。 forget to do sth.忘记要去做某事（事没做，忘了）例：I forgot to bring my book. 我忘了带书。 03 现在分词 一、基本形式：表主动，表示动作正在进行。动词原形+-ing。 否定式：not + 现在分词 二、现在分词的句法功能： 1．作定语：现在分词作定语，当分词单独做定语时，放在所修饰的名词前；如果是分词短语做定语放在名词后。 In the following years he worked even harder. 在后来的几年中，他学习更努力了。 The man speaking to the teacher is our monitor's father. 正与老师谈话的那个人是我们班长的父亲。 【注意】现在分词在句中作定语表示一个正在进行或将要发生的动作，它与中心词之间存在主谓关系。如， There are some people waiting for a bus. (There be +sb/sth + -ving) 2．作宾语补足语： 如下动词后可跟现在分词作宾语补足语：see,watch,hear,feel,find,keep,notice,listen to,look at,leave等感官动词。例如： Can you hear her singing the song in the next room? 你能听见她在隔壁唱歌吗？ He kept the car waiting at the gate. 他让小汽车在门口等着。 3．现在分词作状语： ①作时间状语：常见when,while, before/after 等+ving While leaving the room, please turn off the lights. ②作方式状语，表示伴随： He stayed at home,cleaning and washing. 他呆在家里，又擦又洗。 The student went out of the classroom,talking and laughing.学生们谈笑着走出教室。 ③ 有时也可用with (without) +名词（代词宾格）+分词形式 With the lights burning,he fell asleep. 他点着灯睡着了 【区别】 动词原形和现在分词作宾补的区别 感官动词see，watch，look at，find， notice，hear，listen to， feel等词加动词原形作宾补表示已经完成或经常性的动作，加-ving作宾补表示动作正在进行着。如，see/hear sb do sth:看见/听见某人经常/已做某事；see/hear sb doing sth: 看见/听见某人正在做某事。 I often hear him sing in the classroom. Listen, you can hear him singing in the claasroom.我经常听见他在教室里唱歌。听， 你就会听到他正在教室里唱歌。 04 过去分词 一、基本形式： 过去分词只有一种形式：规则动词由动词原形加词尾-ed构成。不规则动词的过去分词没有统一的规则，要求要一一记住。 二、过去分词的句法功能：1． 1．过去分词作定语： 注意当过去分词是单词时，一般用于名词前，如果是过去分词短语，就放在名词的后面。过去分词做定语相当于一个被动语态的定语从句。 Our class went on an organized trip last Monday. 上周一我们班开展了一次有组织的旅行。 【注意】过去分词作定语，表示一个已完成或被动的动作，它与中心词之间存在动宾关系。 如，Do you know the girl called Lucy? He likes the books written by Hanhan. They are talking about the photos taken by children from Yushu.　　 2．过去分词作宾语补足语： I heard the song sung several times last week. 上周我听见这首歌被唱了好几次。 【注意】过去分词作宾补时多表被动，常见结构有：have/get/make/+sb/sth+done. 如，He’ll have his hair cut after school. He spoke loudly so that he could make himself heard by everyone. 【典例破题1】 —Mike, we are told not ______ （answer）the phone while crossing the street. —I am sorry. I won’t do it again. 【答案】to answer 【解析】句意：——迈克，我们被告知过马路时不要接电话。——对不起。我不会再这样做了。 考查非谓语动词短语。be told not to do sth“被告知不要做某事”。 【典例破题2】Many people enjoy ______（make） zongzi by themselves on the Dragon Boat Festival. 【答案】making 【解析】句意：许多人喜欢在端午节自己包粽子。考查非谓语动词。enjoy doing sth“喜欢做某事”，动名词作宾语。 思路点拨：首先判断句子是否已有谓语动词，一句话只有一套主谓，已有谓语，空格填非谓语； 然后判断逻辑主语与动词关系（主动/被动）主动/进行 → to do / doing； 被动/完成 → done 最关键一步是固定搭配优先 如，want/hope/decide/plan/refuse/learn/agree等词只能接to do；enjoy/practice/finish/mind/suggest/keep等词只能接doing： 【巩固提升1】 —The Lifelong Journey is one of the most touching books ______ I have ever read. —Yeah, the book is fantastic and I am looking forward to ______ it again. A. that, reading　B. which, to read　C. that, to read 【巩固提升2】 1.We should build on past achievements and work together ______ a better world. A. make　B. making　C. made　D. to make 【巩固提升3】 It's raining now but there are still some farmers ______ on the farm. A. work B. working C. learn D. learning 一、单项选择 1.I'll spend as much time as I can ________in an old people's home． A. help B. to help C. helping D. helped 2.Don’t forget _______ the rubbish out when you leave. A. taking B. bringing C. to take D. to bring 3.Last night，I found a photo in an old book．It made me_____ of my primary school life． A．think B．thinking C．thought D．to think 4.As a volunteer，the girl wants to visit sick kids in the hospital them up． A．to cheer B．cheer C．cheering D．cheered 5.Doctors in the town are using the books their studies and treat patients. A. continue B. to continue C. continuing D. continues 6.When President Xi Jinping has spare time, he enjoys and sports. A. read B. reads C. to read D. reading 7.Cindy's grandmother is learning the new mobile phone. A. use B. uses C. used D. to use 8. The teacher tells the students_____hands often in public places. A. wash B. washes C.to wash D.washing 9.—Have you finished your book report yet? —No, I haven’t. I plan _________ it this weekend. A. write B. wrote C. writing D. to write 10.—How do you improve your English listening skills? —I spend about twenty minutes ______ English videos every day. A. watch　B. to watch　C. watching 二、用所给动词适当形式填空。 1.  Experts suggest eating more carbs than protein before exercising and ______ （wait）two to three hours before starting exercise. 2.I saw Lily ______ （dance）when I passed her room. 3. —Be quick! There is little time ______ （leave）before the film starts. —OK. Let's go now. 4.Our English teacher is humorous and he often tells funny jokes to make us ______（laugh）. 5.We will attend the tea festival in our town ______(learn) more about tea culture. 6.China has made great efforts ______(help) other countries build high-speed railways. 7._____ (protect)teenagers’ eyesight, experts advise them to stay away from electronic products. 8.To save energy, don’t forget ______(turn) off the light before you leave the room. 9.—Shall we go swimming this afternoon? —I would rather ______ (stay)at home than ______ (go)swimming. 10.He explained again and again in order to make what he did ______(understand). 三、语法填空 I always felt different. Since I started wearing thick glasses in fifth grade, some classmates called me “owl eyes”. I hated my glasses and often1.________(hide) them in my pocket. During art class, when the teacher asked students 2.________(draw) self-portraits(自画像), I drew myself without glasses. One day, the school held a storytelling competition. I loved reading but never dared to speak in public. My best friend Lucy encouraged me 3.________(be) you.” The competition day arrived. 4.________(Stand)backstage, my hands shook. Suddenly, the glasses fogged up from nervous sweat. I almost took them off, I remembered 5._________(not see) the words clearly without them.Taking a deep breath, I walked onto the stage. As I began reading, something magical happened. The audience disappeared. I became the brave princess in the story and this pair of glasses 6.________(shine) like a crown(王冠) at that time. When I finished, all the people in the hall cheered for me. After the competition, I asked Lucy why I didn’t look silly with glasses. Lucy smiled, “Your glasses make you, YOU. When you wear them, we see you even 7._______（become） more confident.” Now I keep my glasses clean and bright. I even 8.________( add )cute star stickers on the frames(镜框). When new students ask about my glasses, I say proudly, “They help me see the world clearly and let the world 9._____(see ) the real me.” This experience teaches me that true beauty 10________(come) from self-acceptance. Our “imperfections” are actually special gifts that make us unique. 19 / 21 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题02 非谓语动词 内容导航 01 复习目标→ 明考向、知权重、晓关联、以目标导学，以考向定标 02 知识重构 → 系统讲解核心知识，重构整合形成体系 脉络重构：快速扫描高频考点，定位薄区 典例破题：精选例题，呈现思路点拨+规范解答+方法提炼 巩固提升：趁热打铁练一练，强化巩固所学 03综合通关 → 综合演练，梯度设题；查漏补缺，闭环收官 知识点 常考考点 命题风向 非谓语动词 1. 动词不定式 2. 动名词 3. 想在分词与过去分词 1. 重语境轻死记：结合生活、科技、传统文化等真实语境 2. 重应用轻规则：从纯语法题转向理解运用题 3. 题型融合：在短文填空、写作中隐性考查 4. 高频考点固定：固定搭配、易混辨析仍是核心 ( 脉 ｜ 络 ｜ 重 ｜ 构 ) 非 谓 语 动 词 动 词 不 定 式 主语 It is very hard to finish the work in ten minutes. 宾语 He wants to be a doctor in the future. 表语 Her job is to clean the hall. 宾补 My teacher often encourages me not to give up. 定语 I have too much work to do. 状语 He worked day and night to get the money. 动 名 词 主语 Reading aloud is very helpful. 宾语 Tom enjoys reading. 表语 His hobby is collecting stamps. 定语 He can't walk without a walking-stick. 分 词 定语 In the following years he worked even harder. He likes the books written by Hanhan. 宾补 He kept the car waiting at the gate. He’ll have his hair cut after school. ( 考 ｜ 点 ｜ 精 ｜ 讲 ) 01动词不定式 一、动词不定式的基本形式 　动词不定式：具有名词、形容词、副词的特征。其构成形式为：to +动词原形，也可以不用to，即，动词原形.to为不定式符号，无意义。否定式为：not + (to) do 二、不定式的句法功能： 1,作主语： To finish the work in ten minutes is very hard. 十分钟之内完成这项工作是很难的。 To lose your heart means failure. 灰心意味着失败。 动词不定式作主语时，常用it作形式主语，真正的主语不定式置于句后，例如上面两句可用如下形式： It is very hard to finish the work in ten minutes. 十分钟之内完成这项工作是很难的。 It means failure to lose your heart. 灰心意味着失败。 常用句式有： 1)、It+be+名词+to do。如，It is one’s duty/ turn to do sth. It’s time to do sth. 2)、It takes sb.+some time+to do。 3)、It+be+形容词+(for/of) sb +to do。 【注意】 careless,,clever,good,foolish,honest,kind,lazy,nice,right,silly,stupid,wise,等表示人的品质的形容词，不定式前的sb用of.作其逻辑主语。其他时,sb前要用for. 如，It’s very kind/nice of you to help me. It’s very important for us to protect the environment 2．作表语： Her job is to clean the hall. 她的工作是打扫大厅。 He seems to catch a cold. 他似乎感冒了。 3．作宾语： 1),常与不定式做宾语连用的动词有： would like,want,hope,wish,plan,expect,decide,try,learn,pretend,refuse,help,agree等。 2),在find,think后加不定式作宾语时，常用it代替，真正的宾语（不定式）后置， 其句型为：find/think + it +形容词+ to do. 3),常见的一些不带to 的动词不定式(即动词原形)：Why not do---？= Why don't you do---? had better (not) do---, would rather do---,prefer to do---, would/could/will you please do---? 4．作宾语补足语： 1），动词不定式可充当宾语补足语，如下动词：want,wish,ask,tell,order,help,advise,allow,cause,encorrage,would like,invite. 2), 不定式作宾语补足语时省略to的情况：若不定式前的谓语动词是使役动词make，let，have（表示“让、使”）、感官动词see，watch，look at，find， notice，hear，listen to， feel时，不定式符号to可以省略。这些动词亦可总结为口诀：“三使五看两听一感觉”。 5．作定语： 动词不定式作定语，放在所修饰的名词或代词后。与所修饰名词常有动宾关系： I have too much work to do. 我有许多活要做。 【注意】不定式为不及物动词时，且与所修饰的名词有动宾关系，要在不定式后加适当的介词， 如：He found a good house to live in. 他找到了一个居住的好房子。 　　The child has nothing to worry about. 这个孩子无忧无虑。 　　What did you open it with? 你用什么打开它？ 6．作状语： 不定式作状语时初中阶段重点掌握不定式表目的： He worked day and night to get the money. 他夜以继日地工作来赚钱。 To make things easier,some people would rather just give money.为了省事，有些人你原直接送钱。　　 7.动词不定式前有时可与疑问词 what,when,who,where,which,how等连用， 如： He gave us some advice on how to learn English. 他给了我们一些学英语的建议。 The teacher is telling the students what to do and how to do it.老师正在告诉学生们做什么及怎么做。 三、固定结构 1. too…to…：太……而不能…… He is too young to go to school. 2. …enough to do…：足够……去做…… He is not old enough to go to school. 02 动名词 一、动名词基本形式 动名词既具有动词的一些特征，又具有名词的句法功能,一般由动词原形+-ing构成。 否定式：not + 动名词 二、 动名词的句法功能： 1.作主语（谓语动词用单数） Reading aloud is very helpful. 朗读是很有好处的。 Collecting stamps is interesting. 集邮很有趣。 2．作表语： His hobby is collecting stamps.他的爱好是集邮。 3．作宾语： They haven't finished building the hospital. 他们还没有建好医院。 We have to prevent the air from being polluted. 我们必须阻止空气被污染。 【注意】动名词既可作动词宾语也可作介词宾语（一般说来，介词后的动词要加-ing），如上面两个例句。此外，动名词作宾语时，若跟有宾语补足语，则常用形式宾语it，例如： 　　We found it impolite making fun of others. 我们发现取笑他人不礼貌。 如下动词及短语只跟动名词作宾语：enjoy,finish,suggest,avoid,keep,consider,miss,mind,practice . be busy,feel like,can't stand(不能忍受),can't stop/help（情不自禁地），think of,dream of,prevent/stop…from(阻止某人做事),spend…(in),succeed in,be 、get/used to(习惯于做------),look forward to,pay attention to,keep on,have fun/a good time/problems/trouble/a hard(difficult)time (in)doing 4．作定语：表明所修饰词的用途，所属关系等，至于所修饰词之前。 He can't walk without a walking-stick. 他没有拐杖不能走路。 Is there a swimming pool in your school? 你们学校有游泳池吗？ 三、固定结构 be busy doing, be worth doing feel like doing ,can't stand doing,can't stop/help doing spend…(in) doing have fun/a good time/problems/trouble/a hard(difficult)time (in)doing 【注意】be/get/used to(习惯于做------),look forward to,pay attention to, 以上短语中的to是介词其后加动名词。 【区别】 1. stop doing / stop to do stop doing sth. 停止正在做的这件事。 例：Stop talking. 别说话了。 stop to do sth. 停下（手头的事），去做另一件事。 例：He stopped to rest. 他停下来去休息。 2. remember doing / remember to do remember doing sth.记得做过某事（事已做）。例：I remember seeing him. 我记得见过他。 remember to do sth.记得要去做某事（事还没做）例：Remember to lock the door. 记得锁门。 3. forget doing / forget to do forget doing sth.忘记做过某事（事已做，忘了）。例：I forgot telling him. 我忘了告诉过他了。 forget to do sth.忘记要去做某事（事没做，忘了）例：I forgot to bring my book. 我忘了带书。 03 现在分词 一、基本形式：表主动，表示动作正在进行。动词原形+-ing。 否定式：not + 现在分词 二、现在分词的句法功能： 1．作定语：现在分词作定语，当分词单独做定语时，放在所修饰的名词前；如果是分词短语做定语放在名词后。 In the following years he worked even harder. 在后来的几年中，他学习更努力了。 The man speaking to the teacher is our monitor's father. 正与老师谈话的那个人是我们班长的父亲。 【注意】现在分词在句中作定语表示一个正在进行或将要发生的动作，它与中心词之间存在主谓关系。如， There are some people waiting for a bus. (There be +sb/sth + -ving) 2．作宾语补足语： 如下动词后可跟现在分词作宾语补足语：see,watch,hear,feel,find,keep,notice,listen to,look at,leave等感官动词。例如： Can you hear her singing the song in the next room? 你能听见她在隔壁唱歌吗？ He kept the car waiting at the gate. 他让小汽车在门口等着。 3．现在分词作状语： ①作时间状语：常见when,while, before/after 等+ving While leaving the room, please turn off the lights. ②作方式状语，表示伴随： He stayed at home,cleaning and washing. 他呆在家里，又擦又洗。 The student went out of the classroom,talking and laughing.学生们谈笑着走出教室。 ③ 有时也可用with (without) +名词（代词宾格）+分词形式 With the lights burning,he fell asleep. 他点着灯睡着了 【区别】 动词原形和现在分词作宾补的区别 感官动词see，watch，look at，find， notice，hear，listen to， feel等词加动词原形作宾补表示已经完成或经常性的动作，加-ving作宾补表示动作正在进行着。如，see/hear sb do sth:看见/听见某人经常/已做某事；see/hear sb doing sth: 看见/听见某人正在做某事。 I often hear him sing in the classroom. Listen, you can hear him singing in the claasroom.我经常听见他在教室里唱歌。听， 你就会听到他正在教室里唱歌。 04 过去分词 一、基本形式： 过去分词只有一种形式：规则动词由动词原形加词尾-ed构成。不规则动词的过去分词没有统一的规则，要求要一一记住。 二、过去分词的句法功能：1． 1．过去分词作定语： 注意当过去分词是单词时，一般用于名词前，如果是过去分词短语，就放在名词的后面。过去分词做定语相当于一个被动语态的定语从句。 Our class went on an organized trip last Monday. 上周一我们班开展了一次有组织的旅行。 【注意】过去分词作定语，表示一个已完成或被动的动作，它与中心词之间存在动宾关系。 如，Do you know the girl called Lucy? He likes the books written by Hanhan. They are talking about the photos taken by children from Yushu.　　 2．过去分词作宾语补足语： I heard the song sung several times last week. 上周我听见这首歌被唱了好几次。 【注意】过去分词作宾补时多表被动，常见结构有：have/get/make/+sb/sth+done. 如，He’ll have his hair cut after school. He spoke loudly so that he could make himself heard by everyone. 【典例破题1】 —Mike, we are told not ______ （answer）the phone while crossing the street. —I am sorry. I won’t do it again. 【答案】to answer 【详解】句意：——迈克，我们被告知过马路时不要接电话。——对不起。我不会再这样做了。 考查非谓语动词短语。be told not to do sth“被告知不要做某事”。 【典例破题2】Many people enjoy ______（make） zongzi by themselves on the Dragon Boat Festival. 【答案】making 【详解】句意：许多人喜欢在端午节自己包粽子。考查非谓语动词。enjoy doing sth“喜欢做某事”，动名词作宾语。 思路点拨：首先判断句子是否已有谓语动词，一句话只有一套主谓，已有谓语，空格填非谓语； 然后判断逻辑主语与动词关系（主动/被动）主动/进行 → to do / doing； 被动/完成 → done 最关键一步是固定搭配优先 如，want/hope/decide/plan/refuse/learn/agree等词只能接to do；enjoy/practice/finish/mind/suggest/keep等词只能接doing： 【巩固提升1】 —The Lifelong Journey is one of the most touching books ______ I have ever read. —Yeah, the book is fantastic and I am looking forward to ______ it again. A. that, reading　B. which, to read　C. that, to read 【答案】A 【详解】句意：——《人世间》是我读过的最感人的书之一。——是的，这本书很棒，我期待着再读一遍。考查定语从句和非谓语动词。第一处是定语从句，有最高级修饰先行词，只能用that，排除B；look forward to doing sth“期待做某事”。故选A。 【巩固提升2】 1.We should build on past achievements and work together ______ a better world. A. make　B. making　C. made　D. to make 【答案】D 【详解】句意：我们应该在过去的成就基础上再接再厉，共同努力创造一个更美好的世界。 考查动词不定式。根据“We should build on past achievements and work together...a better world.”可知，在过去的成就基础上再接再厉并共同努力，以创造一个更美好的世界。此处应是动词不定式作目的状语，故选D。 【巩固提升3】 It's raining now but there are still some farmers ______ on the farm. A. work B. working C. learn D. learning 【答案】B 【详解】句意：现在在下雨，但仍有一些农民在农场干活。 考查现在分词作后置定语。farmers与work为主动关系，现在分词working作后置定语，表“正在农场干活的农民”；结合语境“下雨仍干活”，排除learn相关选项。故选B。 一、单项选择 1.I'll spend as much time as I can ________in an old people's home． A. help B. to help C. helping D. helped 【答案】C 【详解】固定搭配spend time (in) doing sth.表示花费时间做某事，此处填动名词作宾语，故填helping，故选C。 2.Don’t forget _______ the rubbish out when you leave. A. taking B. bringing C. to take D. to bring 【答案】C 【详解】forget to do sth.表示忘记要去做某事，take out the rubbish为固定短语扔垃圾，故填to take，故选C。 3.Last night，I found a photo in an old book．It made me_____ of my primary school life． A．think B．thinking C．thought D．to think 【答案】A 【详解】 固定结构make sb. do sth.表示让某人做某事，后跟不带to的动词原形作宾语补足语，故填think，故选A。4.As a volunteer，the girl wants to visit sick kids in the hospital them up． A．to cheer B．cheer C．cheering D．cheered 【答案】A 【详解】根据句意可知这个女孩想去看望医院里生病的孩子的目的是使他们振作起来，故该空处填入动词不定式作目的状语，故填to cheer，故选A 5.Doctors in the town are using the books_______ their studies and treat patients. A. continue B. to continue C. continuing D. continues 【答案】B 【详解】根据句意可知医生使用书籍的目的是继续研究、诊治病人，该空填入动词不定式作目的状语，故填to continue，故选B。 6.When President Xi Jinping has spare time, he enjoys________ and sports. A. read B. reads C. to read D. reading 【答案】D 【详解】固定搭配enjoy doing sth.表示喜欢做某事，动词enjoy后需接动名词作宾语，故填reading，故选D。 7.Cindy's grandmother is learning _______ the new mobile phone. A. use B. uses C. used D. to use 【答案】D 【详解】固定结构learn to do sth.表示学习做某事，learn后接动词不定式作宾语，故填to use，故选D。 8. The teacher tells the students_____hands often in public places. A.wash B. washes C.to wash D.washing 【答案】C 【详解】固定搭配tell sb. to do sth.表示告诉某人去做某事，不定式作宾语补足语，故填to wash，故选C。 9.—Have you finished your book report yet? —No, I haven’t. I plan _________ it this weekend. A. write B. wrote C. writing D. to write 【答案】D 【详解】固定结构plan to do sth.表示计划做某事，plan后接动词不定式作宾语，故填to write，故选D。 10.—How do you improve your English listening skills? —I spend about twenty minutes ______ English videos every day. A. watch　B. to watch　C. watching 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——你如何提高自己的英语听力水平？——我每天大约花二十分钟观看英语视频。 考查动名词作宾语。spend time doing sth.“花时间做某事”，故选C。 二、用所给动词适当形式填空。 1.  Experts suggest eating more carbs than protein before exercising and ______ （wait）two to three hours before starting exercise. 【答案】 【详解】句意：专家建议锻炼前摄入的碳水化合物应多于蛋白质，并在开始锻炼前等待两到三小时。 详解：and连接并列的动名词结构，前面是eating，因此wait需变为waiting，与eating并列作suggest的宾语。本题的关键词是suggest，其后加动名词作宾语。 2.I saw Lily ______ （dance）when I passed her room. 【答案】dancing 【详解】句意：当我经过她的房间时，我看到莉莉在跳舞。 考查非谓语动词。see sb. do sth.“看见某人做了某事”；see sb. doing sth.“看见某人正在做某事”。根据“when I passed her room.”可知，此处是指看到莉莉正在跳舞。 3. —Be quick! There is little time ______ （leave）before the film starts. —OK. Let's go now. 【答案】 left 【详解】过去分词left作后置定语，time与leave为被动关系，表“剩下的时间”；leaving表主动，to leave表将来，leaves是谓语，均不符合。 4.Our English teacher is humorous and he often tells funny jokes to make us ______（laugh）. 【答案】laugh 【详解】句意：我们的英语老师很幽默，他经常告诉有趣的笑话来逗笑我们。 考查非谓语动词。make sb. do sth.“让某人做某事”，省略to的动词不定式作宾语补足语。 5.We will attend the tea festival in our town ______(learn) more about tea culture. 【答案】to learn 【详解】句意：我们将参加我们镇上的茶文化节，以进一步了解茶文化。考查非谓语动词。根据“more about tea culture.”可知，此处在句中表示目的，用动词不定式形式。 6.China has made great efforts ______(help) other countries build high-speed railways. 【答案】to help 【详解】句意：中国为帮助其他国家建设高速铁路做出了巨大努力。 考查非谓语动词。make great efforts to do sth.“努力做某事”，应用动词不定式。 7._____ (protect)teenagers’ eyesight, experts advise them to stay away from electronic products. 【答案】To protect 【详解】句意：为了保护青少年的视力，专家建议他们远离电子产品。 考查非谓语动词。分析句子可知，专家建议青少年远离电子产品的目的是保护他们的视力，此处是动词不定式作目的状语。 8.To save energy, don’t forget ______(turn) off the light before you leave the room. 【答案】 to turn 【详解】句意：为了节约能源，离开房间前别忘了关灯。 考查非谓语动词。forget to do 忘记要去做某事（未做）；forget doing 忘记做过某事（已做）。根据“To save energy, don’t forget ... the light before you leave the room.”可知，别忘记要去关灯 9.—Shall we go swimming this afternoon? —I would rather ______ (stay)at home than ______ (go)swimming. 【答案】stay; go 【详解】句意：——今天下午我们去游泳好吗？——我宁愿待在家里也不愿意去游泳。 考查非谓语。would rather do sth than do sth“宁愿做某事而不愿做某事”，即两空都用动词原形。 10.He explained again and again in order to make what he did ______(understand). 【答案】understood 【详解】句意：他反复解释，以便让别人理解他的所作所为。 考查非谓语动词作宾补。make的复合结构，what he did与understand为被动关系，用过去分词understood作宾补，表“让他所做的事被理解”；make后接不带to的不定式，排除C。 三、语法填空 I always felt different. Since I started wearing thick glasses in fifth grade, some classmates called me “owl eyes”. I hated my glasses and often1.________(hide) them in my pocket. During art class, when the teacher asked students 2.________(draw) self-portraits(自画像), I drew myself without glasses. One day, the school held a storytelling competition. I loved reading but never dared to speak in public. My best friend Lucy encouraged me 3.________(be) you.” The competition day arrived. 4.________(Stand)backstage, my hands shook. Suddenly, the glasses fogged up from nervous sweat. I almost took them off, I remembered 5._________(not see) the words clearly without them.Taking a deep breath, I walked onto the stage. As I began reading, something magical happened. The audience disappeared. I became the brave princess in the story and this pair of glasses 6.________(shine) like a crown(王冠) at that time. When I finished, all the people in the hall cheered for me. After the competition, I asked Lucy why I didn’t look silly with glasses. Lucy smiled, “Your glasses make you, YOU. When you wear them, we see you even 7._______（become） more confident.” Now I keep my glasses clean and bright. I even 8.________( add )cute star stickers on the frames(镜框). When new students ask about my glasses, I say proudly, “They help me see the world clearly and let the world 9._____(see ) the real me.” This experience teaches me that true beauty 10________(come) from self-acceptance. Our “imperfections” are actually special gifts that make us unique. 【答案】1. hid 2. to draw 3. to be 4. Standing 5. not to see 6. shone 7. become 8. add 9. see 10. comes 【详解】 【导语】本文讲述了作者从讨厌自己的厚眼镜、因外貌自卑，到通过演讲比赛接纳自我，最终明白真正的美源于自我接纳的故事。 1. 句意：我讨厌我的眼镜，经常把它们藏在口袋里。and 连接并列谓语，前面 hated 是一般过去时，hide 也要用过去式 hid。故为 hid。 2. 句意：美术课上，当老师让学生们画自画像时，我画了没戴眼镜的自己。ask sb. to do sth. 是固定搭配，意为“要求某人做某事”。故为 to draw。 3. 句意：我最好的朋友露西鼓励我（去尝试）。encourage sb. to do sth. 是固定搭配，意为“鼓励某人做某事”。故为 to be。 4. 句意：站在后台，我的手在发抖。现在分词作伴随状语，主语 I 与 stand 是主动关系，用 standing。故为 Standing。 5. 句意：我差点摘下眼镜，我记得不戴眼镜就看不清字。remember not to do sth. 是固定搭配，意为“记得不要做某事”。故为 not to see。 6. 句意：我变成了故事里勇敢的公主，那副眼镜那时像王冠一样闪闪发光。and 连接并列谓语，前面 became 是一般过去时，shine 也要用过去式 shone。故为 shone。 7. 句意：当你戴上它们，我们看到你甚至变得更自信了。 核心固定搭配：see sb. do sth.，意为“看见某人做某事”，强调看到动作的全过程或经常性动作，此处see后接宾语you，后面的动词要用原形。故为become。 8. 句意：我甚至在镜框上贴了可爱的星星贴纸。一般现在时，主语是 I，谓语动词用原形。故为 add。 9. 句意：它们帮我看清世界，也让世界看到真实的我。let sb. do sth. 是固定搭配，意为“让某人做某事”。故为 see。 10. 句意：这段经历教会我，真正的美来自自我接纳。一般现在时，主语 true beauty 是不可数名词，谓语动词用第三人称单数 comes。故为 comes。 19 / 21 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $