专题01 时态与语态（暑假复习讲义）新九年级英语新教材鲁教版五四学制

专题01 时态与语态 内容导航 01 复习目标→ 明考向、知权重、晓关联、以目标导学，以考向定标 02 知识重构 → 系统讲解核心知识，重构整合形成体系 脉络重构：快速扫描高频考点，定位薄区 典例破题：精选例题，呈现思路点拨+规范解答+方法提炼 巩固提升：趁热打铁练一练，强化巩固所学 03综合通关 → 综合演练，梯度设题；查漏补缺，闭环收官 知识点 常考考点 命题风向 时态 1. 一般现在时 2. 一般过去时 3. 一般将来时 4. 现在进行时 5. 过去进行时 6. 现在完成时 从“纯规则记忆”转向语境化考查，强调在真实场景中判断时态语态。 时态+语态结合考查成为主流，单一考点的题目逐渐减少。 高频考点集中，少数难点（如现在完成时、被动语态）区分度高。 。 语态 主动语态与被动语态 ( 脉 ｜ 络 ｜ 重 ｜ 构 ) 时 态 一般现在时 用法、构成、标志词 一般过去时 用法、构成、标志词 一般将来时 用法、构成、标志词 现在进行时 用法、构成、标志词 过去进行时 用法、构成、标志词 现在完成时 用法、构成、标志词 语态 主动语态 含义 被动语态 含义、构成 ( 考 ｜ 点 ｜ 精 ｜ 讲 ) 知识点一 动词时态 01一般现在时 一般现在时的定义 1、经常性或习惯性的动作（如日常生活、学习安排等） 2、客观事实或普遍真理（如科学规律、自然现象等） 3、现在的状态（如职业、性格、能力等） 一般现在时常见标志词 1. always, usually, often, sometimes, hardly, never等频度副词。 2. once a year, twice a week, every year/day/week等。 一般现在时的构成 ：主语+动词原形/第三人称单数形式（三单）+----. 主语类型 谓语动词形式 例句 I / You / We / They / 复数名词 动词原形 They play football. He / She / It / 单数名词 动词 + -s/-es（三单变化） He watches TV every night. 所有主语 be动词（am/is/are） She is happy. 【注意】是动词原形还是三单取决于主语，当主语是第三人称单数（he,she,it）时,谓语动词为三单，反之，则为动词原形。 如，He plays basketball everyday. I have noodles for breakfast. 动词原形变单三记住六个字母：s,es, ies.具体说， 1）一般情况直接在动词后加s,如，work- works, stay – stays 2）以s,x,ch,sh o,结尾的加es，如，watch- watches,finish- finishes 3）以辅音字母加y结尾加，如 study - studies 02一般过去时 用法与标志词 1.表示过去某个特定时间发生的动作或存在的状态。通常与yesterday, last year, in 1976, a few months ago等 表示过去的时间状语连用。 2. 表示过去某一段时间内经常或反复发生的动作。 通常与often, usually, seldom等表示频率的副词连用, 但这种用法是以一个过去时间为前提的。 谓语动词的构成形式： 主语+动词的过去式+---。过去式的构成分为规则变化和不规则变化（见不规则变化表）。 规则变化主要是加ed,具体变化如下： 1) 一般情况加ed， 如，stay - stayed 2）词尾有e的加d，如，like – liked 3）重度闭音节词，如末尾只有一个辅音字母（辅-元-辅），先双写该辅音字母，再加-ed.如， stop - stopped 4）以辅音字母加y结尾的，先改y为i，再加-ed. 如， study - studied 03一般将来时 一般将来时定义：一般将来时表示将来某个时间要发生的动作或存在的状态，也可表示将来反复发生的动 作或存在的状态。 常见时间状语：tomorrow, the day after tomorrow， next week / month / year / Sunday...，soon, in the future, in 一段时间（如 in three days），later, tonight, this evening / afternoon... 构成： 1. will / shall + 动词原形 【注意】shall 多用于第一人称（I/we），口语中常用 will 代替。 2. be going to + 动词原形 【注意】1） 表示事先计划、打算好的将来动作。 2）表示有迹象表明即将发生的动作。 3. be + 现在分词（现在进行时表将来） 【注意】表示按计划、安排即将发生的动作，常用于表示位置移动的动词，如 go, come, leave, arrive, start, fly 等。 特殊情况：主将从现。在时间、条件、让步等状语从句中，用一般现在时表示将来，主句用一般将来时。 04现在进行时 用法：用于表示说话时或现阶段正在进行的动作（动作尚未结束）。如， 标志词：常见的时间状语有now, at the moment等。如果句首有提示性动词look, listen等, 主句也用现在进 行时。 构成： 主语+ is/am/are + ving +--- ving的构成形式： 1.一般情况下直接加-ing，如 study – studying 2.以辅音字母加不发音的e结尾的，去e加-ing，如，make – making. 3. 重度闭音节词，如末尾只有一个辅音字母，先双写该辅音字母，再加-ing. 如,swim – swimming. 05过去进行时 过去进行时的用法：表示过去某一时刻或某一段时间内，正在进行或发生的动作。 构成： 主语 + was/were + 现在分词(doing) 常见时间标志词: at that time, at this time yesterday, at + 时刻 + 过去时间, then, while, when, all night 等。 【注意】 1. when 从句: 过去进行时/ 一般过去时， 主句: 过去进行时 2.while 从句: 过去进行时，主句，一般过去时/ 过去进行时 06现在完成时 现在完成时用法及标志词：现在完成时的用法主要有两个： 1）已完成性用法：过去发生的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果，常用的时间状语有：already(多用于肯定句), yet(多用于否定句和疑问句), ever, never, just,before等。 2), 持续性用法（现在完成进行时）：　用来表达在过去开始的动作持续到现在，常和一段时间状语连用，for + 时间段， since + 过去时间点或从句（从句时态：一般过去时）。常见标志词还有so far, in the last/ past + 一段时间等。 构成： have/has + 动词的过去分词 【注意】 1. 延续性动词与终止性动词 延续性动词表示的动作是一种延续性动作，这种动词可以延续下去或产生持久的影响。终止性动词也称非延续性动词，瞬间动词，表示的动作不能延续，即动作发生，立即结束，产生某种结果，有了某种结果后就不能在延续下去。 终止性动词不能和一段时间状语连用，要和一段时间状语连用必须把终止性动词转换为延续性动词。常用的终止性动词和延续性动词之间的转换: buy --- have , borrow --- keep, join --- be in, begin --- be on , leave --- be away (from), die ---be dead, open ---be open, close ---be closed, catch/get a cold ---have a cold, get married---be married. 2.have/has been (to) 与have/has gone (to) have gone to 是到某地去了（没有回来），此人现在不在这里。have been to 是到过某地（已经回来），现在此人在说话现场。 【典例破题1】 I bet Mrs. Black _________(come) to help us with the celebration if she isn’t too busy tomorrow. 【答案】will come 【详解】tomorrow表将来，主句用一般将来时will do，if引导条件状语从句遵循主将从现，故填will come。 【典例破题2】--- Would you like to go and see the film with me tonight? --- Thank you, but I ______(see) it already. 【答案】have seen 【详解】already是现在完成时标志词，主语为I，助动词用have，see的过去分词是seen。 【典例破题3】-- I didn’t see your father yesterday when I went to your house. -- Oh, he __________(pick) strawberries on the farm. 【答案】was picking 【详解】句意：昨天我去你家时没见到你爸爸，那时他正在农场摘草莓。过去某一时刻正在发生的动作用过去进行时，主语he搭配was，pick变picking。 思路点拨：1. 圈出句中时间标志词，初步锁定时态； 2. 无标志词，翻译句子判断动作发生时间； 3. 观察主语人称单复数，确定助动词/动词变形； 4. 写出对应动词形式（原形/三单/过去式/doing/done）； 5. 检查固定搭配、特殊句型时态规则。 【巩固提升1】 Since last year, our school ______ free breakfasts to students in need. A. offered B. has offered C. was offering D. had officed 【巩固提升2】 It ______ heavily. We are going to get all wet walking outside. A. is raining B. rains C. rained D. was raining 【巩固提升3】 The mobile phone ______ when I was making a cake with my mother. A. rang B. rings C. is ringing D. is going to ring 【巩固提升4】 —Cindy, my sunglasses are on the floor and they are broken. What happened? —Sorry, dear. I don't know. I ______ in the kitchen then. A. cook B. was cooking C. have cooked D. will cook 【巩固提升5】 Look! There ______ a notebook and three keys on the desk. A. is B. was C. are D. were 【巩固提升6】 As people pay more and more attention to cultural treasures, the industry of ancient book repairing ______ fast in China now. A. developed B. was developing C. is developing D. will develop 知识点二 动词语态 英语动词只有两种语态：主动语态、被动语态。 一、主动语态 用法：主语是动作的执行者（谁做） 结构：主语 + 谓语 + 宾语 例：I clean the room. 我打扫房间。 二、被动语态 用法：主语承受动作，动作是谁做的不重要/不知道/不用提。 谓语动词构成： be + 及物动词过去分词 （be 助动词，随时态、人称、数变化） 常用时态被动结构： 1. 一般现在时：am / is / are + done 2. 一般过去时：was / were + done 3. 一般将来时：will be + done 4. 含情态动词：情态动词 (can/must/should…) + be + done 【注意】 1. 不及物动词无被动：happen, take place, appear, belong to, last 等 2. 感官/使役动词（make/let/have/see/hear/watch）：主动：省 to → 被动：要加 to He was seen to enter the room. 3. 主动表被动（表物品性质）如，wash, sell, write, read, clean 等 The book sells well. 这本书卖得好。 【典例破题1】.—Will you go to Lisa's housewarming party next Sunday? —Well, if I__________, I will go on time. A. invite B. will invite C. am invited D. will be invited 【答案】C 【解析】句意：——下周日你会去丽莎的乔迁派对吗？——嗯，如果我被邀请，我会准时去的。 考查条件状语从句与被动语态。if引导条件状语从句，遵循“主将从现”原则，主句用一般将来时，从句用一般现在时；主语I与invite是被动关系，表示“被邀请”，用一般现在时的被动语态am invited。故选C。 【典例破题2】—I hear that Jingdezhen Porcelain (瓷器) ______ in Paris last month. —Wow! Good news. A. shows B. has shown C. is shown D. was shown 【答案】D 【解析】句意：——我听说景德镇瓷器上个月在巴黎展出了。——哇！好消息。考查动词时态及被动语态。last month提示用一般过去时，瓷器被展出，应用被动语态。故选D。 思路点拨：1. 判断主谓逻辑：主语是动作承受者，而非发出者，确定要用被动语态； 2. 圈时间标志词/读语境，确定句子对应时态； 3. 依据主语单复数、人称，匹配be动词正确形式； 4. 动词变为过去分词done（规则加ed，不规则单独记忆）； 5. 检查固定搭配、情态动词、特殊句型被动结构。 【巩固提升1】 My father is too tired. Something should ______ （do）to keep him relaxed. 【巩固提升2】AI tools ______(be) in more fields in the future. 一、单项选择 1.More schools in Jinan to provide children with better education in a few years. A. built B. are built C. were built D. will be built 2.—Oh，no! We are too late．The train _____． —Well，we'll have to catch the next train to Beijing． A．leaves B．left C．will leave D．has left 3.—I'11 go for a picnic if it _____tomorrow．Will you go with me？7 —Yes，of course． A．doesn't rain B．isn't raining C．won't rain D．didn't rain 4.Teenagers have to be 18 years old before they to drive a car． A．are allowed B．will be allowed C．allow D. allows 5.With the development of science and technology，robot cooks ______ in our families in the future． A．appear B．appeared C．will appear D．is appearing 6.As China grows stronger and stronger，Chinese ______ in more and more schools out of our country． A．teaches B．is taught C．has taught D．was taught 7.—Look at my new smart phone． —Wow，its so cool! When and where you it？． A．do，buy B．have，bought C．did，buy D．have，had 8.A little effort every day, you ______ a big difference. A. makes B. made C. have made D. will make 9.New media, like WeChat, _______ the way of communications nowadays. A. are changing B. will change C. changed D. were changing 10.They have collected more than 14,000 books since the library, last month. A. built B. was built C. builds D. is built 二、用所给动词适当形式填空。 1.  —He is a doctor and his brother is a doctor, too. –You mean both he and his brother________ （be）doctors, right? 2.These experiences have influenced his life. Now David ________ （study）space science. He has made up his mind to be a space engineer in the future. 3. She ________(run) over to him and said with a smile, “Here, sir. Let me give you a hand.” 4.I've just got two tickets! I ______（go） to see the new movie with Tony. 5.It ______ (rain)heavily when I left the cinema. 6.For thousands of years, they ____________ (celebrate) the Grain Rain Festival, 7.—We planted lots of trees on Tree Planting Day. —That’s quite meaningful. To have a greener world, more trees should ________（plant） every year. 8.Around the world, 300 million tons of plastic________（creat） each year, of which about 10 percent ends up in the sea. 9.Her wonderful performance ___________ (praise) by many people. 10.—It’s said that a new bridge_______(build)in our village. --It’s ture.That’s what we are getting excited about these days. 三、语法填空 Last summer, I began the biggest adventure(冒险）of my life. I moved from a tiny city in England to one of the largest cities in the world. As the plane landed in Beijing, I 1._______ (feel) excited — I finally arrived after months of planning! One of the first things I did was to visit one of the city’s hutongs. Strolling(闲逛）around the hutongs, the warm air was filled with the smell of delicious food. I was amazed to see that many people 2. _______ (ride) their old—fashioned tricycles (老式三轮脚踏车). Just at this time, I thought, “ Wow, I’m in China. ” Beijing is very different from my home city, Preston. Preston has only one shopping street and on Sunday, all the shops close at 4:00 pm. There 3._______ (not be) much choice when eating out, either. As a fan of food, I couldn’t wait 4. _______ (see) what Beijing can offer. But after I have tasted so many kinds food here, I still don’t have a favorite dish yet. I 5._____still happily 5._______ (look) for my favorite through the city’s restaurants. I am slowly getting used to the different way of life, but I still find some habits here quite strange and humorous. British people 6. _______ (tell) not to make any kind of bodily noise at the dinner table when they are still children, so it is a funny culture shock (冲击)to hear the loud noise of Chinese diners. Since I came here, I 7._______ (discover) something else interesting. As a foreigner, I always draw people’s attention. On the subway or in streets and restaurants, I always find some people staring at me and 8. _______ (try) to take secret photos of me. It seems that I am a famous person or a popular star. In the future, I 9._______ (go) to many other parts of China. I hope I 10. _______(travel) from one end to the other of this beautiful country, taking photos and meeting new people along the way. My adventure in China is only just beginning, and I wonder how it will be. 19 / 21 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题01 时态与语态 内容导航 01 复习目标→ 明考向、知权重、晓关联、以目标导学，以考向定标 02 知识重构 → 系统讲解核心知识，重构整合形成体系 脉络重构：快速扫描高频考点，定位薄区 典例破题：精选例题，呈现思路点拨+规范解答+方法提炼 巩固提升：趁热打铁练一练，强化巩固所学 03综合通关 → 综合演练，梯度设题；查漏补缺，闭环收官 知识点 常考考点 命题风向 时态 1. 一般现在时 2. 一般过去时 3. 一般将来时 4. 现在进行时 5. 过去进行时 6. 现在完成时 从“纯规则记忆”转向语境化考查，强调在真实场景中判断时态语态。 时态+语态结合考查成为主流，单一考点的题目逐渐减少。 高频考点集中，少数难点（如现在完成时、被动语态）区分度高。 。 语态 主动语态与被动语态 ( 脉 ｜ 络 ｜ 重 ｜ 构 ) 时 态 一般现在时 用法、构成、标志词 一般过去时 用法、构成、标志词 一般将来时 用法、构成、标志词 现在进行时 用法、构成、标志词 过去进行时 用法、构成、标志词 现在完成时 用法、构成、标志词 语态 主动语态 含义 被动语态 含义、构成 ( 考 ｜ 点 ｜ 精 ｜ 讲 ) 知识点一 动词时态 01一般现在时 一般现在时的定义 1、经常性或习惯性的动作（如日常生活、学习安排等） 2、客观事实或普遍真理（如科学规律、自然现象等） 3、现在的状态（如职业、性格、能力等） 一般现在时常见标志词 1. always, usually, often, sometimes, hardly, never等频度副词。 2. once a year, twice a week, every year/day/week等。 一般现在时的构成 ：主语+动词原形/第三人称单数形式（三单）+----. 主语类型 谓语动词形式 例句 I / You / We / They / 复数名词 动词原形 They play football. He / She / It / 单数名词 动词 + -s/-es（三单变化） He watches TV every night. 所有主语 be动词（am/is/are） She is happy. 【注意】是动词原形还是三单取决于主语，当主语是第三人称单数（he,she,it）时,谓语动词为三单，反之，则为动词原形。 如，He plays basketball everyday. I have noodles for breakfast. 动词原形变单三记住六个字母：s,es, ies.具体说， 1）一般情况直接在动词后加s,如，work- works, stay – stays 2）以s,x,ch,sh o,结尾的加es，如，watch- watches,finish- finishes 3）以辅音字母加y结尾加，如 study - studies 02一般过去时 用法与标志词 1.表示过去某个特定时间发生的动作或存在的状态。通常与yesterday, last year, in 1976, a few months ago等 表示过去的时间状语连用。 2. 表示过去某一段时间内经常或反复发生的动作。 通常与often, usually, seldom等表示频率的副词连用, 但这种用法是以一个过去时间为前提的。 谓语动词的构成形式： 主语+动词的过去式+---。过去式的构成分为规则变化和不规则变化（见不规则变化表）。 规则变化主要是加ed,具体变化如下： 1) 一般情况加ed， 如，stay - stayed 2）词尾有e的加d，如，like – liked 3）重度闭音节词，如末尾只有一个辅音字母（辅-元-辅），先双写该辅音字母，再加-ed.如， stop - stopped 4）以辅音字母加y结尾的，先改y为i，再加-ed. 如， study - studied 03一般将来时 一般将来时定义：一般将来时表示将来某个时间要发生的动作或存在的状态，也可表示将来反复发生的动 作或存在的状态。 常见时间状语：tomorrow, the day after tomorrow， next week / month / year / Sunday...，soon, in the future, in 一段时间（如 in three days），later, tonight, this evening / afternoon... 构成： 1. will / shall + 动词原形 【注意】shall 多用于第一人称（I/we），口语中常用 will 代替。 2. be going to + 动词原形 【注意】1） 表示事先计划、打算好的将来动作。 2）表示有迹象表明即将发生的动作。 3. be + 现在分词（现在进行时表将来） 【注意】表示按计划、安排即将发生的动作，常用于表示位置移动的动词，如 go, come, leave, arrive, start, fly 等。 特殊情况：主将从现。在时间、条件、让步等状语从句中，用一般现在时表示将来，主句用一般将来时。 04现在进行时 用法：用于表示说话时或现阶段正在进行的动作（动作尚未结束）。如， 标志词：常见的时间状语有now, at the moment等。如果句首有提示性动词look, listen等, 主句也用现在进 行时。 构成： 主语+ is/am/are + ving +--- ving的构成形式： 1.一般情况下直接加-ing，如 study – studying 2.以辅音字母加不发音的e结尾的，去e加-ing，如，make – making. 3. 重度闭音节词，如末尾只有一个辅音字母，先双写该辅音字母，再加-ing. 如,swim – swimming. 05过去进行时 过去进行时的用法：表示过去某一时刻或某一段时间内，正在进行或发生的动作。 构成： 主语 + was/were + 现在分词(doing) 常见时间标志词: at that time, at this time yesterday, at + 时刻 + 过去时间, then, while, when, all night 等。 【注意】 1. when 从句: 过去进行时/ 一般过去时， 主句: 过去进行时 2.while 从句: 过去进行时，主句，一般过去时/ 过去进行时 06现在完成时 现在完成时用法及标志词：现在完成时的用法主要有两个： 1）已完成性用法：过去发生的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果，常用的时间状语有：already(多用于肯定句), yet(多用于否定句和疑问句), ever, never, just,before等。 2), 持续性用法（现在完成进行时）：　用来表达在过去开始的动作持续到现在，常和一段时间状语连用，for + 时间段， since + 过去时间点或从句（从句时态：一般过去时）。常见标志词还有so far, in the last/ past + 一段时间等。 构成： have/has + 动词的过去分词 【注意】 1. 延续性动词与终止性动词 延续性动词表示的动作是一种延续性动作，这种动词可以延续下去或产生持久的影响。终止性动词也称非延续性动词，瞬间动词，表示的动作不能延续，即动作发生，立即结束，产生某种结果，有了某种结果后就不能在延续下去。 终止性动词不能和一段时间状语连用，要和一段时间状语连用必须把终止性动词转换为延续性动词。常用的终止性动词和延续性动词之间的转换: buy --- have , borrow --- keep, join --- be in, begin --- be on , leave --- be away (from), die ---be dead, open ---be open, close ---be closed, catch/get a cold ---have a cold, get married---be married. 2.have/has been (to) 与have/has gone (to) have gone to 是到某地去了（没有回来），此人现在不在这里。have been to 是到过某地（已经回来），现在此人在说话现场。 【典例破题1】 I bet Mrs. Black _________(come) to help us with the celebration if she isn’t too busy tomorrow. 【答案】will come 【详解】tomorrow表将来，主句用一般将来时will do，if引导条件状语从句遵循主将从现，故填will come。 【典例破题2】--- Would you like to go and see the film with me tonight? --- Thank you, but I ______(see) it already. 【答案】have seen 【详解】already是现在完成时标志词，主语为I，助动词用have，see的过去分词是seen。 【典例破题3】-- I didn’t see your father yesterday when I went to your house. -- Oh, he __________(pick) strawberries on the farm. 【答案】was picking 【详解】句意：昨天我去你家时没见到你爸爸，那时他正在农场摘草莓。过去某一时刻正在发生的动作用过去进行时，主语he搭配was，pick变picking。 思路点拨：1. 圈出句中时间标志词，初步锁定时态； 2. 无标志词，翻译句子判断动作发生时间； 3. 观察主语人称单复数，确定助动词/动词变形； 4. 写出对应动词形式（原形/三单/过去式/doing/done）； 5. 检查固定搭配、特殊句型时态规则。 【巩固提升1】 Since last year, our school ______ free breakfasts to students in need. A. offered B. has offered C. was offering D. had officed 【答案】B 【详解】句意：自去年以来，我们学校为有需要的学生提供免费早餐。考查动词时态。since last year是现在完成时的标志，结构为have/has+过去分词。故选B。 【巩固提升2】 It ______ heavily. We are going to get all wet walking outside. A. is raining B. rains C. rained D. was raining 【答案】A 【详解】句意：雨正下得很大。我们出去走会全身湿透的。考查动词时态。根据语境可知此刻正在下雨，应用现在进行时。故选A。 【巩固提升3】 The mobile phone ______ when I was making a cake with my mother. A. rang B. rings C. is ringing D. is going to ring 【答案】A 【详解】句意：我和妈妈做蛋糕的时候，手机响了。考查动词时态。when引导的时间状语从句用过去进行时，主句用一般过去时表示动作发生。故选A。 【巩固提升4】 —Cindy, my sunglasses are on the floor and they are broken. What happened? —Sorry, dear. I don't know. I ______ in the kitchen then. A. cook B. was cooking C. have cooked D. will cook 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——辛迪，我的太阳镜在地上，碎了。怎么回事？——抱歉，亲爱的。我不知道。我那时正在厨房做饭。考查动词时态。then表示过去某个时刻，应用过去进行时。故选B。 【巩固提升5】 Look! There ______ a notebook and three keys on the desk. A. is B. was C. are D. were 【答案】A 【详解】句意：看！桌子上有一个笔记本和三把钥匙。考查there be句型。there be句型遵循就近原则，a notebook为单数，look提示用一般现在时。故选A。 【巩固提升6】 As people pay more and more attention to cultural treasures, the industry of ancient book repairing ______ fast in China now. A. developed B. was developing C. is developing D. will develop 【答案】C 【详解】句意：随着人们越来越重视文化瑰宝，中国的古籍修复行业现在正在快速发展。考查动词时态。now是现在进行时的标志，应用现在进行时。故选C。 知识点二 动词语态 英语动词只有两种语态：主动语态、被动语态。 一、主动语态 用法：主语是动作的执行者（谁做） 结构：主语 + 谓语 + 宾语 例：I clean the room. 我打扫房间。 二、被动语态 用法：主语承受动作，动作是谁做的不重要/不知道/不用提。 谓语动词构成： be + 及物动词过去分词 （be 助动词，随时态、人称、数变化） 常用时态被动结构： 1. 一般现在时：am / is / are + done 2. 一般过去时：was / were + done 3. 一般将来时：will be + done 4. 含情态动词：情态动词 (can/must/should…) + be + done 【注意】 1. 不及物动词无被动：happen, take place, appear, belong to, last 等 2. 感官/使役动词（make/let/have/see/hear/watch）：主动：省 to → 被动：要加 to He was seen to enter the room. 3. 主动表被动（表物品性质）如，wash, sell, write, read, clean 等 The book sells well. 这本书卖得好。 【典例破题1】.—Will you go to Lisa's housewarming party next Sunday? —Well, if I__________, I will go on time. A. invite B. will invite C. am invited D. will be invited 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——下周日你会去丽莎的乔迁派对吗？——嗯，如果我被邀请，我会准时去的。 考查条件状语从句与被动语态。if引导条件状语从句，遵循“主将从现”原则，主句用一般将来时，从句用一般现在时；主语I与invite是被动关系，表示“被邀请”，用一般现在时的被动语态am invited。故选C。 【典例破题2】—I hear that Jingdezhen Porcelain (瓷器) ______ in Paris last month. —Wow! Good news. A. shows B. has shown C. is shown D. was shown 【答案】D 【详解】句意：——我听说景德镇瓷器上个月在巴黎展出了。——哇！好消息。考查动词时态及被动语态。last month提示用一般过去时，瓷器被展出，应用被动语态。故选D。 思路点拨：1. 判断主谓逻辑：主语是动作承受者，而非发出者，确定要用被动语态； 2. 圈时间标志词/读语境，确定句子对应时态； 3. 依据主语单复数、人称，匹配be动词正确形式； 4. 动词变为过去分词done（规则加ed，不规则单独记忆）； 5. 检查固定搭配、情态动词、特殊句型被动结构。 【巩固提升1】My father is too tired. Something should ______ （do）to keep him relaxed. 【答案】be done 【详解】句意：我爸爸太累了，应该做点事让他放松。something是动作承受者，情态动词被动结构为should be done。 【巩固提升2】AI tools ______(use) in more fields in the future. 【答案】will be used 【详解】句意：人工智能工具未来将被应用在更多领域。in the future表将来，主语为动作承受者，一般将来时被动结构will be done。 一、单项选择 1.More schools in Jinan to provide children with better education in a few years. A. built B. are built C. were built D. will be built 【答案】D 【详解】句意：几年后济南将会建成更多学校，为孩子提供更好的教育。in a few years表将来，学校是被建造，一般将来时被动语态为will be done。 2.—Oh，no! We are too late．The train _____． —Well，we'll have to catch the next train to Beijing． A．leaves B．left C．will leave D．has left 【答案】D 【详解】句意：我们来晚了，火车已经开走了，只能坐下一班。火车开走对现在造成赶不上的结果，用现在完成时has left。 3.—I'11 go for a picnic if it _____tomorrow．Will you go with me？7 —Yes，of course． A．doesn't rain B．isn't raining C．won't rain D．didn't rain 【答案】A 【详解】句意：如果明天不下雨我就去野餐。if引导条件状语从句遵循主将从现，主语it，否定用doesn't rain。 4.Teenagers have to be 18 years old before they to drive a car． A．are allowed B．will be allowed C．allow D. allows 【答案】A 【详解】青少年在允许开车之前必须满十八岁． ．表达的是客观事实用一般现在时，主语they是allow的承受者，allow sb to do sth，故用被动语态sb be allowed to do sth，故答案是A． 5.With the development of science and technology，robot cooks ______ in our families in the future． A．appear B．appeared C．will appear D．is appearing 【答案】C 【详解】句意：随着科技发展，机器人厨师未来会出现在我们家中。in the future是一般将来时标志，用will+动词原形。 6.As China grows stronger and stronger，Chinese ______ in more and more schools out of our country． A．teaches B．is taught C．has taught D．was taught 【答案】B 【详解】句意：随着中国日益强大，国外越来越多学校开设汉语课程。汉语是被教授，用被动语态；句子为客观现状，用一般现在时被动is taught。 7.—Look at my new smart phone． —Wow，its so cool! When and where you it？． A．do，buy B．have，bought C．did，buy D．have，had 【答案】C． 【详解】根据﹣Look at my new smart phone，可知看看我的新智能手机，从这里可以推断手机已经买来了，再问什么时候在哪里买的，时态方面就应该用一般过去时，buy是个实意动词，这里应该加助动词did．故选C． 8.A little effort every day, you ______ a big difference. A. makes B. made C. have made D. will make 【答案】D 【详解】句意：每天付出一点努力，你将会收获巨大改变。前半句表条件，暗含将来结果，用一般将来时will+动词原形。 9.New media, like WeChat, _______ the way of communications nowadays. A. are changing B. will change C. changed D. were changing 【答案】A 【详解】句意：如今微信这类新媒体正在改变沟通方式。nowadays表示现阶段正在发生，用现在进行时，主语media为复数，搭配are changing。 10.They have collected more than 14,000 books since the library ______ last month. A. built B. was built C. builds D. is built 【答案】B 【详解】句意：自上个月图书馆建成以来，他们收集了一万四千多本书。library是被建造，last month为过去时间，一般过去时被动用was built。 二、用所给动词适当形式填空。 1.  —He is a doctor and his brother is a doctor, too. –You mean both he and his brother________ （be）doctors, right? 【答案】are 【详解】谈论现在状态用一般现在时， both...and... 连接主语时视为复数，be 动词用 are。 2.These experiences have influenced his life. Now David ________ （study）space science. He has made up his mind to be a space engineer in the future. 【答案】 is studying 【详解】时间标志词 Now 表示动作正在进行，用现在进行时（is studying）。 3. She ________(run) over to him and said with a smile, “Here, sir. Let me give you a hand.” 【答案】ran 【详解】句意：她跑向他，笑着说：“先生，这边请。我来帮您。”（全文为一般过去时，run的过去式为ran）故为：ran 4.I've just got two tickets! I ______（go） to see the new movie with Tony. 【答案】will go 【详解】句意：我刚拿到两张票！我要和托尼去看这部新电影。考查一般将来时。刚拿到票，打算将要去看电影，表将来用 will go。 5.It ______ (rain)heavily when I left the cinema. 【答案】was raining 【详解】句意：当我离开电影院的时候，雨正下得很大。 考查动词时态。根据“when I left the cinema”和语境可知，离开电影院的那一刻正在下雨，应用过去进行时“was/were doing”。 6.For thousands of years, they ____________ (celebrate) the Grain Rain Festival, 【答案】have celebrated 【详解】which marks their first fishing trip of the year.句意：几千年来，他们一直庆祝谷雨节，这个节日标志着他们一年中的第一次捕鱼之旅。（for thousands of years为现在完成时的标志）故为：have celebrated 7.—We planted lots of trees on Tree Planting Day. —That’s quite meaningful. To have a greener world, more trees should ________（plant） every year. 【答案】be planted 【详解】句意：——我们在植树节种了很多树。——这很有意义。为了有一个更加绿色的世界，更多的树应该被种植。考查被动语态。plant原形；be planted被动语态；are planted被动语态。分析语境可知，主语more trees和动词plant之间是被动关系，空格前有情态动词，be动词用原形。 8.Around the world, 300 million tons of plastic________（creat） each year, of which about 10 percent ends up in the sea. 【答案】is created 【详解】句意：在全球范围内，每年产生3亿吨塑料，其中约10%最终流入大海。 考查一般现在时的被动语态。根据each year可知用一般现在时；主语plastic与create是被动关系，表示“被生产、被制造”，用一般现在时的被动语态is created。 9.Her wonderful performance ___________ (praise) by many people. 【答案】was praised 【详解】句意：她的精彩表演受到了许多人的赞扬。根据“Her wonderful performance...by many people.”可知，表演被赞扬，用被动语态，结合语境可知，时态是一般过去时，主语是单数，be动词用was，praise的过去分词是praised。故填was praised。 10.—It’s said that a new bridge_______(build)in our village. --It’s ture.That’s what we are getting excited about these days. 【答案】will be built 【详解】句意：据说我们村里将要建一座新桥。桥是被建造，结合后文这些天大家为此激动，表将来，一般将来时被动结构为will be done。 三、语法填空 Last summer, I began the biggest adventure(冒险）of my life. I moved from a tiny city in England to one of the largest cities in the world. As the plane landed in Beijing, I 1._______ (feel) excited — I finally arrived after months of planning! One of the first things I did was to visit one of the city’s hutongs. Strolling(闲逛）around the hutongs, the warm air was filled with the smell of delicious food. I was amazed to see that many people 2. _______ (ride) their old—fashioned tricycles (老式三轮脚踏车). Just at this time, I thought, “ Wow, I’m in China. ” Beijing is very different from my home city, Preston. Preston has only one shopping street and on Sunday, all the shops close at 4:00 pm. There 3._______ (not be) much choice when eating out, either. As a fan of food, I couldn’t wait 4. _______ (see) what Beijing can offer. But after I have tasted so many kinds food here, I still don’t have a favorite dish yet. I 5._____still happily 5._______ (look) for my favorite through the city’s restaurants. I am slowly getting used to the different way of life, but I still find some habits here quite strange and humorous. British people 6. _______ (tell) not to make any kind of bodily noise at the dinner table when they are still children, so it is a funny culture shock (冲击)to hear the loud noise of Chinese diners. Since I came here, I 7._______ (discover) something else interesting. As a foreigner, I always draw people’s attention. On the subway or in streets and restaurants, I always find some people staring at me and 8. _______ (try) to take secret photos of me. It seems that I am a famous person or a popular star. In the future, I 9._______ (go) to many other parts of China. I hope I 10. _______(travel) from one end to the other of this beautiful country, taking photos and meeting new people along the way. My adventure in China is only just beginning, and I wonder how it will be. 【答案】1. felt 2. were riding 3. isn't 4. to see 5. am; looking 6. are told 7. have discovered 8. trying 9. will go 10. can travel 【详解】 【导语】 英国作者来到北京生活，感受两地饮食与文化差异，计划走遍中国各地。 1. 文章整体为过去叙事，此处描述飞机落地时的感受，用feel的过去式。 2. 主句时态为过去时，此处表示当时看到人们正在骑三轮车，用过去进行时。 3. 陈述家乡普雷斯顿日常就餐现状，there be句型，choice为单数，否定用isn't。 4. 固定搭配can't wait to do sth.，意为迫不及待做某事，不定式作宾语。 5. 根据语境现阶段仍在寻找爱吃的菜，主语I搭配现在进行时结构am doing。 6. 英国人从小被教导用餐不能发出声响，表客观习俗，用一般现在时被动语态。 7. since引导时间状语从句，主句需使用现在完成时，主语I搭配have done。 8. and并列并列staring与空格处单词，前后形式保持一致，用动名词。 9. in the future为将来时间标志，使用一般将来时will加动词原形。 10. 此处表达作者的心愿，希望能够走遍中国，情态动词can后接动词原形。 19 / 21 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $