专题13 主谓一致及长难句的理解（结构化知识+题型提升练）2027年高考英语一轮复习能力突破

该高中英语高考复习学案系统整合主谓一致与长难句理解核心考点，以三大一致原则（语法、意义、邻近）为框架，结合特殊名词、从句及倒装句场景构建知识网络，通过真题原句解析与易混词组对比表格，引导学生自主梳理规则，形成从理论到实例的层级化认知。 亮点在于结构化自测与任务驱动式提升，开篇真题分析引导学生结合实例理解考点，基础练习中的改写句子任务帮助自主诊断主谓一致掌握情况，长难句拆解的“四步通用法”培养思维品质。每个模块配备题型强化练，教师可通过学情精准指导，助力学生提升语言能力与自主复习效率。

2027年高考英语一轮复习能力突破（结构化知识+题型提升练） 专题13 主谓一致及长难句的理解 目录 第一部分 必备知识结构化清单 梳理必备的语言知识点，夯实语言基础能力 第二部分 知识运用题型强化练 必备知识与能力提升练，提升语言运用能力 ◇Part 01 必备知识结构化清单 知｜识｜清｜单 真题分析 【真题再现】 【2026年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试(全国Ⅰ卷)阅读理解D篇】A team of Cambridge psychologists conducted an experiment to compare the cognitive (认知的) effects of merely seeing art with actively judging how beautiful it is. In the study, 187 people were invited to visit Kettle’s Yard gallery during an exhibition of handmade clay objects. Participants were randomly divided into two groups: the “beauty” group was asked to actively consider and then rate the beauty of each object they viewed, while the control group just matched a line drawing of the object with the artwork itself. All participants were then tested on how they process information, and whether it’s in a more practical or abstract way. Across all participants, those in the beauty group scored almost 14% higher on average than the control group in abstract thinking. While they were told the study was about cognitive processes, participants were asked about interests, with around half saying they had an artistic hobby. Among those, the effect was greater: those with an artistic hobby in the beauty group scored over 25% higher on average for abstract thinking than those with an artistic hobby in the control group. Emotional states of participants were also measured by asking about their feelings while completing the gallery task. Across all participants, those in the beauty group reported an average of 23% higher levels of “transformative and self-transcendent feelings” — such as feeling moved, enlightened and inspired — than the control group. Importantly, however, the beauty group did not report feeling any happier than the control group, suggesting that it was the engagement with beauty that influenced abstract thinking, rather than any overall positivity from the experience. “We usually think in very concrete terms when doing something on a screen,” said Simone Schnall, senior author of the study. “It’s becoming much rarer to zone out and just let the mind wander, but that’s when we think in ways that broaden our minds. Admiring the beauty of art may be the ideal way to initiate the abstract cognitive processes.” 32. What was the beauty group asked to do with the clay objects? A. Draw their outlines. B. Give each piece a rating. C. Compare their prices. D. Make a copy of each piece. 33. Which participants got the highest score on average in the test? A. Beauty group, with an artistic hobby. B. Beauty group, without an artistic hobby. C. Control group, with an artistic hobby. D. Control group, without an artistic hobby. 34. Why were the participants’ emotional states measured? A. To discover their attitudes towards art. B. To identify their specific thinking patterns. C. To examine the difficulty of the tasks. D. To determine factors behind the test results. 35. What is the major finding of the study regarding the appreciation of art? A. It enhances emotional ties. B. It needs critical thinking skills. C. It creates positive feelings. D. It encourages abstract thinking. （答案：32. B 33. A 34. D 35. D） 【要点分析】 阅读语篇中主谓一致的典型使用分析 原句 主语核心构成 谓语单复数形式 主谓一致用法解析 1 A team of Cambridge psychologists conducted an experiment to compare the cognitive effects of merely seeing art with actively judging how beautiful it is. 中心词：a team（单数集合名词）；of短语为后置定语，不改变主语单复数 conducted（单数过去式） 集合名词主谓一致（强中心词原则）：a team of + 复数名词，主语核心是单数集体单位team，谓语用单数；of后的复数名词仅作修饰，不影响谓语 2 In the study, 187 people were invited to visit Kettle’s Yard gallery during an exhibition of handmade clay objects. 主语：187 people（people永远表复数概念） were invited（复数被动） 特殊复数名词：people表“人”时恒为复数，谓语必须搭配复数形式 3 Participants were randomly divided into two groups. 主语：Participants（复数可数名词） were divided（复数被动） 普通可数名词复数作主语，谓语统一用复数形式 4 the “beauty” group was asked to actively consider and then rate the beauty of each object they viewed 中心词：the group（单数集合名词） was asked（单数被动） 单数group作主语，侧重整体集体，谓语用单数；区别于强调集体内部成员的用法（本文全部group均表整体，统一单数） 5 All participants were then tested on how they process information, and whether it’s in a more practical or abstract way. 主语：All + 复数名词participants were tested（复数被动） 限定词All修饰可数复数名词时，主语为复数，谓语用复数 6 Across all participants, those in the beauty group scored almost 14% higher on average than the control group in abstract thinking. 主语：those（复数指示代词，指代复数人） scored（复数过去式） 代词those指代复数可数名词，作主语时谓语必须用复数；单数对应代词为that 7 while around half saying they had an artistic hobby. half指代前文复数participants；从句主语they（复数代词） had（复数谓语） half作不定代词指代复数人/物时，后文对应代词、隐含谓语均为复数；若half指代不可数名词则为单数 8 Among those, the effect was greater 主语：the effect（单数可数名词） was（单数系动词） 单数可数名词单独作主语，系动词、实义动词均用单数形式 9 Emotional states of participants were also measured by asking about their feelings while completing the gallery task. 中心词：states（复数可数名词） were measured（复数被动） A of B结构主谓看A（中心词），本句核心主语是复数states，of participants为后置定语，谓语随中心词变复数 10 Importantly, however, the beauty group did not report feeling any happier than the control group 主语：the beauty group（单数集合名词） did（单数助动词） 单数集合名词作主语，否定式助动词用单数did，而非复数did（无复数do过去式） 11 suggesting that it was the engagement with beauty that influenced abstract thinking, rather than any overall positivity from the experience. 强调句主干核心：the engagement（单数不可数名词） was（单数系动词） 强调句型主谓一致：it is/was + 被强调部分 + that…，固定用单数is/was，不受被强调名词单复数干扰；本句被强调的engagement为单数 12 “We usually think in very concrete terms when doing something on a screen,” said Simone Schnall, senior author of the study. 主句倒装，真正主语：Simone Schnall（单数人名） said（单数谓语） 引语倒装结构主谓规则：谓语单复数由主句真正主语（人名Simone）决定，不受引号内复数主语we影响 13 It’s becoming much rarer to zone out and just let the mind wander 形式主语It，真正主语不定式短语 It’s = It is（单数系动词） 不定式/从句作真正主语时，必须用单数形式it作形式主语，系动词固定用is 14 but that’s when we think in ways that broaden our minds. 主语that（单数指示代词，指代前文整件事） that’s = that is（单数系动词） that单独作主语指代抽象整件事，视为单数，搭配单数系动词 15 Admiring the beauty of art may be the ideal way to initiate the abstract cognitive processes. 主语：动名词短语Admiring the beauty of art may be（单数情态系动词） 动名词短语作主语恒为单数：单个动名词/动名词短语充当句子主语，谓语一律使用单数形式 知识回顾 一、主谓一致的三大核心原则 1.语法一致原则 规则 核心说明 例句 译文 单数主语配单数谓语 可数名词单数、不可数名词、单数代词作主语，谓语动词用三单 The cat runs fast. 这只猫跑得很快。 复数主语配复数谓语 复数名词、复数代词作主语，谓语用原形/复数形式 The cats run fast. 这些猫跑得很快。 动名词/不定式/主语从句作主语 统一视作单数主语，谓语三单 Reading improves writing. 阅读提升写作。 To learn English takes effort. 学英语需要付出努力。 What he said surprises me. 他说的话让我很惊讶。 2.意义一致原则 规则 核心说明 例句 译文 集合名词表整体→单数谓语 集合名词表全体成员→复数谓语 family, class, team, group, audience, government The class is small.（整体：班级） 这个班规模很小。 The class are arguing.（成员：同学们） 同学们正在争论。 时间、金钱、距离、重量复数名词 视作一个整体，谓语用单数 Twenty years flies quickly. 二十年转瞬即逝。 Three thousand yuan is enough. 三千元足够了。 and连接共用一个冠词，表同一人/一物 主语为单数，谓语三单 The doctor and writer is my uncle. 那位医生兼作家是我叔叔。 and连接两个独立名词，双冠词 两个人/两件物，谓语复数 The doctor and the writer are my uncles. 这位医生和这位作家都是我叔叔。 3.邻近一致原则 分类 连接词汇 判断规则 例句 译文 就近原则 （谓语跟离它近的主语） or; either…or; neither…nor; not only…but also; there be 谓语单复数由靠近谓语的名词决定 Neither you nor he likes music. 你和他都不喜欢音乐。 There are two books and a pen. 有两本书一支钢笔。 就远原则 （谓语跟最前面的主语） with, together with, as well as, except, besides, rather than 插入成分忽略，只看句首主语 Lily as well as her parents likes hiking. 莉莉和她父母都喜欢徒步。 All students except Tom know the rule. 除汤姆外所有学生都知道规则。 二、特殊名词/短语作主语的主谓一致 主语类型 固定规则 例句 译文 不定代词：everyone, somebody, nobody, everything, each 全部视为单数，谓语三单 Everyone has a textbook. 每个人都有课本。 each + 单数名词 each作主语核心，谓语单数 Each boy gets a prize. 每个男孩都获得奖品。 复数名词 + each（同位语） 主语为复数，each不改变，谓语复数 The boys each get a prize. 男孩们每人都获得奖品。 a number of + 复数名词 a number of = 许多，谓语复数 A number of birds fly south. 大量鸟类飞往南方。 the number of + 复数名词 the number of = …的数量，谓语单数 The number of birds is 100. 鸟类的数量是100只。 many a + 单数名词 more than one + 单数名词 形式单数、含义复数，谓语三单 Many a student hates exams. 很多学生讨厌考试。 all 作主语 all指人→复数；all指事物→单数 All are present.（人） 所有人都到场了。 All is fine.（事） 一切顺利。 most/half/rest/part + of 谓语单复数由of后面名词决定 Most of the rice is eaten. 大部分米饭吃完了。 Most of the students work hard. 大部分学生学习刻苦。 三、定语从句/倒装句中的主谓一致 句式场景 判断规则 例句 译文 普通定语从句（that/which/who） 谓语匹配先行词单复数 The girl who sings well is Lucy. 唱歌好听的女孩是露西。 one of + 复数名词 + 定语从句 先行词是复数名词，从句谓语复数 He is one of the boys who love art. 他是热爱艺术的男孩之一。 the only one of + 复数名词 + 定语从句 先行词是the only one，从句谓语单数 He is the only boy who loves art. 他是唯一热爱艺术的男孩。 地点副词放句首完全倒装 谓语匹配后面真正主语 Beside the lake stands a tower. 湖边矗立一座高塔。 Beside the lake stand two towers. 湖边矗立两座高塔。 ▲易混词组对比记忆 易混组别 区分规则 例句1 例句2 the singer and dancer the singer and the dancer 同一人身，单谓语 两个人，复谓语 The teacher and painter lives here. 这位教师兼画家住在这里 The teacher and the painter live here. 教师和画家两人住在这里 each + 单数名词 复数名词 + each each在前→单谓语 each作同位语→复谓语 Each kid has a toy. 每个孩子有一个玩具 The kids each have a toy. 孩子们每人都有玩具 a number of the number of 许多（复数谓语） 数量（单数谓语） A number of trees were cut. 许多树被砍伐 The number of trees is small. 树木的数量很少 one of…who the only one of…who 从句复数谓语 从句单数谓语 She is one of girls who like dance. 她是喜欢舞蹈的女生之一 She is the only girl who likes dance. 她是唯一喜欢舞蹈的女生 many a + 单数名词 many + 复数名词 many a用三单 many用复数谓语 Many a student reads novels. 很多学生读小说 Many students read novels. 很多学生读小说 四、英语长难句的理解 核心分类 核心考点 应对策略 长难句基础拆解 1.三大从句 2.非谓语动词 3.并列结构 4.特殊倒装/强调/省略 5.插入分隔结构 定语从句、名词性从句、状语从句；to do/doing/done；and/but/or连接并列句；倒装句、it强调句；逗号破折号插入语 1.找谓语动词，划分主句+从句 2.划连词，区分修饰关系 3.剥离插入语、非谓语修饰成分 4.先译主干，再叠加修饰成分 高频难点结构 1.多重嵌套定语 2.分隔式定语/谓语 3.否定转移、比较级特殊结构 4.固定复合句式（so…that; such…as等） 多重定语从句叠加、主谓被插入语隔开、否定前移、复杂比较结构 1.从后往前梳理定语修饰对象 2.跳过插入语锁定主谓核心 3.牢记特殊句式固定翻译逻辑 解题应对策略 阅读长难句、七选五、完形长句、语法填空长句 快速抓主干理解主旨；根据连词/非谓语判定词性 阅读理解：抓主谓快速解题； 语法填空：先拆分再填词 （一）长难句拆解核心步骤 通用4步拆解法（所有长难句通用） 找谓语：识别句子所有动词（谓语动词/非谓语动词），一个主句只有一套主谓； 找连词：并列连词(and/but/or)、从句连词(that/which/when/because等)，连词分割主句与从句； 剥修饰：去掉插入语、介词短语、非谓语、后置定语等修饰成分，留下主干； 重组译文：先翻译主谓主干，再依次添加定语、状语、插入语。 例句： Original: Having finished his homework, Tom who loves reading sat quietly by the window where he could enjoy the sunset. 【拆解步骤】 谓语：finished(非谓)、loves(从句谓语)、sat(主句谓语，核心)、could enjoy(从句谓语) 连词：who（定语从句）、where（定语从句） 剥离修饰：Having finished his homework（非谓语状语）；who loves reading（修饰Tom）；where he could enjoy the sunset（修饰window） 主干：Tom sat quietly by the window. 译文：完成作业后，热爱阅读的汤姆安静坐在窗边，在那里他能欣赏落日。 （二）三大类从句嵌套长难句 1.定语从句 定语从句用关系代词(which/that/who/whose)、关系副词(when/where/why)修饰名词，常出现一个名词叠加多层定语从句形成超长句子。 【应对策略】 找到先行词（被修饰名词）；断开从句，先行词还原进从句理解；多层定语从后往前翻译。 例句1（单层定语从句） The book that I bought yesterday contains many stories which describe the life of teenagers. 主干：The book contains many stories. 译文：我昨天买的这本书包含许多描写青少年生活的故事。 例句2（双重嵌套定语从句，高考阅读高频） I admire the scientist who devoted all his time to the research that can help protect endangered animals. 主干：I admire the scientist. 拆分：who修饰scientist；that修饰research 译文：我敬佩那位将毕生投入能保护濒危动物的研究的科学家。 2.名词性从句 句子充当名词功能，常与定语从句混合嵌套，极易混淆that引导同位语/定语从句。 【应对策略】 从句放在动词/介词前=主语从句；动词后=宾语从句；be动词后=表语从句；抽象名词后=同位语从句；同位语从句that不作成分，定语从句that充当主/宾。 例句（主语从句+宾语从句嵌套） What most students ignore is that hard work is the key that leads to great progress. 主干：What most students ignore is that… 译文：大多数学生忽略的一点是，努力是带来巨大进步的关键。 3.状语从句 when/because/although/if/so that引导的状语从句，可置于句首、句中、句尾，拉长句子。 【应对策略】 句首状语从句直接划逗号断开，先译从句，再译主句。 例句（让步状语+定语从句叠加） Although he met many difficulties that no one expected, he never gave up his dream. 主干：he never gave up his dream. 译文：尽管他遭遇了没人预料到的重重困难，他从未放弃自己的梦想。 （三）非谓语动词造成的长难句 动词不定式to do（目的/将来）、现在分词doing（主动/进行）、过去分词done（被动/完成）无主谓结构，能作定语、状语，大量堆砌修饰主句，是阅读长难句核心难点。 【应对策略】 所有非谓语短语全部提前剥离，单独翻译，最后拼接主句主干。 例句1（doing作状语+后置定语） Walking along the street, we saw a little girl crying beside a broken bike lying on the ground. 主干：we saw a little girl. 译文：走在街上时，我们看见一个小女孩在一辆倒地的破损自行车旁哭泣。 例句2（done表被动、to do表目的多层叠加） Encouraged by teachers, the students stayed late to finish the task assigned by their headmaster. 主干：the students stayed late. 译文：受到老师鼓舞，学生们留到很晚，完成班主任布置的任务。 （四）插入分隔结构 逗号/破折号之间的插入语（副词短语、同位语、短句）把主谓、名词和定语强行隔开，干扰主干判断。 【应对策略】 阅读时直接跳过两个逗号中间内容，先锁定主谓，翻译最后补充插入语。 例句 All students, regardless of their grades, need to take part in the sports meeting held next Friday. 跳过插入语：All students need to take part in the sports meeting. 译文：所有学生，无论成绩好坏，都需要参加下周五举办的运动会。 （五）特殊句式构成的长难句 1.倒装句长难句 【应对策略】还原正常语序（主谓互换改为主+谓）再拆分 例句： Only by making constant efforts can we achieve the goals we set for ourselves. 还原语序：We can achieve the goals we set for ourselves only by making constant efforts. 译文：只有持续付出努力，我们才能实现为自己定下的目标。 2.It强调句型 结构：It is/was +被强调部分+that/who+剩余句子 【应对策略】去掉It is…that，还原原句主干 例句 It is teamwork that helps our class win the competition last week. 还原：Teamwork helps our class win the competition last week. 译文：正是团队协作帮助我们班赢得了上周的比赛。 基｜础｜练｜习 一、阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Though its original Chinatown in Lower Manhattan is the most well-known, New York City is actually home to nine 1 (office) China towns spread across its five boroughs, each reflecting the rich regional 2 (diverse) of Chinese cuisine. In the 1870s, the city’s first Chinatown took root when Chinese immigrants arrived either from China or the US’s West Coast. Early 3 (business) were mostly rice shops and tea houses, but by the early 1900s, full-service restaurants emerged. By the mid-20th Century, Chinese food, in all its glorious forms, had become as associated 4 New York City as the New York slice. Among the new generation carrying this legacy forward is chef Calvin Eng, the owner of Bonnie’s, 5 Cantonese American restaurant in Williamsburg, Brooklyn, which has been praised for its inventive interpretations of Cantonese cuisine. Eng 6 (grow) up in Bay Ridge, Brooklyn, learning to  cook the  food of Guangdong from his  mother,  tasting  Cantonese  food made by his grandparents each weekend, 7 sometimes getting his Cantonese fix at a variety of New York’s Chinatown. Unlike other styles, Cantonese food is known for its lightness and simplicity, 8 (emphasize) fresh ingredients, particularly seafood, a reflection of the region’s coastal geography. “Cantonese food is 9 (remarkable) low on acid and heat,” Eng explains. “We use minimal ingredients that allow the main ingredients 10 (shine).” 二、结合上述短文的内容，按照要求用主谓一致知识改写。 原句 改写要求 改写后的句子 1 New York City is actually home to nine official Chinatowns. 将主语改为Nine official Chinatowns in New York City，改写句子，保持原意 2 Early businesses were mostly rice shops and tea houses. 将主语改为Every early business，改写句子，保持原意 3 Chinese food had become a symbol of New York City by the mid-20th Century. 主语替换为All kinds of Chinese foods，改写句子 4 Among the new generation carrying this legacy forward is chef Calvin Eng. 主语改为Two famous chefs，调整倒装句式、匹配谓语 5 Eng grows up learning Cantonese cooking from his mother. 主语改为Eng and his mother，改写句子，时态不变 6 The restaurant has been praised for its inventive Cantonese dishes. 主语改为Lots of Cantonese restaurants，改写句子 7 Cantonese food is known for its lightness and simplicity. 主语改为Cantonese dishes，改写句子 8 Minimal ingredients allow the main food to shine. 主语改为A little seasoning，改写句子，保持时态 9 Each Chinatown reflects the rich diversity of Chinese cuisine. 主语改为Each of these nine Chinatowns，改写句子 10 The fresh seafood fits the feature of Cantonese cooking. 主语改为Fresh seafood and local vegetables，改写句子 ◇Part 02 知识运用题型强化练 一、阅读理解 1 When I took Amy home from the animal shelter, she was scared. I believed she had been abused (虐待) because she was afraid of anything my husband, Bill, or I held in our hands. With a lot of care and attention, she became a great dog that surprised us every day. About three years ago, Amy and I joined a volunteer project called Canines with Class. At our first school visit, Officer Lisa called Amy and asked her to show how to shake hands and give a high five. The students clapped in joy and Amy received a reward. Then the students got to touch the dog. One by one they came up to meet Amy. Some of them started talking to me about their own pets. I didn’t feel worried any more. I thought the children liked staying with us. On our next school visit, I put a big chain on Amy’s neck and walked away from her. You could see that Amy was not happy. When I took the chain off her neck, Amy shook her tail happily and wouldn’t stop licking (舔) my face. That was when we talked about “breaking the chain”. On our third school trip, Amy started acting poorly when it was time to show off a few tricks. The students watched to see how I would correct her mistakes. It was a good chance to explain that if your dog doesn’t do exactly what you ask, you don’t have to shout at her or hit her to make it right. I think the children have learned a lot about respect and patience. Amy loves the program and has come so far since I found her a few years ago. Amy has broken the chain, and the love she gives to those children will help them become good pet owners. 1．What probably made Amy frightened? A．The author’s husband, Bill. B．Past ill-treatment. C．Too much care from the author. D．The unfamiliar environment. 2．Which can best describe Amy during her first school visit? A．Scared. B．Nervous. C．Patient. D．Well-received. 3．What did Amy gain during the second school visit? A．Kisses from the author. B．A physical reward. C．Freedom. D．A new neck chain. 4．What can be known about the school visits? A．They are a win-win experience. B．They are designed to make good pet owners. C．They teach children to earn respect. D．They are organized by the animal shelter. 2 Economics is the study of how rare resources are distributed; whether that is housing, food, or money. However, in an age of endless amounts of information at our fingertips, what is the rarity? Unlike what can be quantified and measured, our invisible yet extremely valuable attention is the limiting factor: we are in the age of the attention economy. The American Psychological Association defines attention as “a state in which cognitive (认知的) resources are focused on certain aspects of the environment rather than on others.” Attention comes in forms like love, recognition, and help. Although attention is theoretically unquantifiable, many obtain attention’s value from how much time we focus on a particular thing. We face attention’s rarity every day; while “paying attention” to one thing, we ignore others. Similar to money, we exchange attention; you are reading this article right now and probably ignoring the other work you have to do. Our attention has always been limited, valuable, and rare. But what distinguishes the present day is that technological advances have made a huge amount of information available, strategically aimed at attracting our attention. As for the general public, it has never been easier to garner such personal levels of attention through means like social media. However, social media keeps us on the platform longer and wanting more. Anyone can set up an account and have the opportunity for their presence to be seen by millions, but this also increases the pressure to attract more of the increasingly rare resource of attention. As our online social media presence and images are determined by the number of “friends,” “followers” vs. “following,” “likes,” and “subscribers”, comparison is easy. Furthermore, social media sites’ “explore pages” throw endless information at us, hoping that one picture or video will interest us. We can scroll (滚屏) endlessly, and upon finishing a video we will always have a new one to auto-play. However, when our attention is glued to our phones, we abandon other opportunities. 5．What do the underlined words “at our fingertips” in paragraph 1 mean? A．Under our control. B．Ready to share. C．Free to download. D．Easy to access. 6．What is the feature of attention according to the text? A．It is a form of love. B．It involves trade-offs. C．It can be easily measured. D．It can be stored like money. 7．What impact does technology have on attention? A．It intensifies the fight for attention. B．It reduces the quality of attention. C．It makes information easier to spread. D．It changes the nature of attention. 8．What is implied in the last paragraph? A．Social media takes over our attention. B．Social media makes attention easy to get. C．Social media exploits limited attention. D．Social media turns attention into numbers. 3 The earth’s wildlife populations have decreased by an average of 69% between 1970 and 2018, according to WWF’s Living Planet Report 2022, as humans continue to cut down forests, consume resources beyond the limits of the planet, and pollute the environment on an industrial scale. Two years ago, the figure stood at 68%, and four years ago, it was at 60%. Many scientists believe we are living through the sixth mass extinction — the largest loss of life on Earth since the time of the dinosaurs, and that it is being driven by humans. The report’s 89 authors urged world leaders to reach an ambitious agreement at the Cop 15 biodiversity summit in Canada and to cut carbon emissions to limit global heating to below 1.5 ℃ this decade to stop the serious destruction of nature. Latin America and the Caribbean region has seen the steepest decline in average wildlife population size, with a 94% drop in 48 years. Africa had the second largest fall at 66%, followed by Asia and the Pacific with 55% and North America at 20%. Europe and Central Asia experienced an 18% fall. The total loss is akin to the human population of Europe, the Americas, Africa, Oceania and China disappearing, according to the report. Land use change is still the leading driver of biodiversity loss across the planet. Robin Freeman, head of one unit at Zoological Society of London, said it was clear that humanity is eroding (损害) the very foundations of life, and urgent action is needed. He mentioned, “It’s not just about conservation, it’s about changing production and consumption and the only way we are going to be able to make laws or call for that is to have these clear measurable targets that ask for recovery of abundance, reduction of extinction risk and the ending of extinctions at Cop 15 in December.” 9．What do the data in paragraph 1 show? A．The sixth mass extinction of forests is going down. B．The consumption level is beyond the limits of the earth. C．The industrial pollution is becoming more widespread. D．The decrease rate of wildlife populations is increasing. 10．The underlined word “driver” in paragraph 4 most probably means ________ A．vehicle B．cause C．result D．effect 11．What can we learn from Robin Freeman’s words in paragraph 4? A．Changing ways of production and consumption matters in protection. B．Cop 15 should take the responsibility for biodiversity reduction. C．Making laws for recovery of wildlife abundance seems impossible. D．Stable land use can prevent the loss of wildlife populations. 12．What is the best title for the passage? A．Wildlife Faces Great Challenges to Survive. B．Wildlife Populations Experience a Dramatic Decline. C．All Continents Suffer From Wildlife Disappearance. D．Human Activities Contribute to Wildlife’s Habitat Loss. 4 Traditions are the heartbeat of human society. 13 They are living stories passed down through generations that shape our identity and connect us to our roots. Without them, we risk losing the very essence of what makes us who we are. Therefore, it’s essential to understand why traditions are important. Preserving cultural identity. Traditions act as anchors (锚), reminding communities of their heritage, language, and values in the face of globalization and modernization. For example, Thanksgiving in the U.S. preserves the spirit of gratitude and historical reflection. 14 They become disconnected from the stories, music, foods, and values that make them different. 15 Traditions are the glue that holds families and communities together. Shared practices create a sense of belonging, offering people the comfort of knowing they are part of something larger. Whether it’s a weekly dinner or an annual reunion, these moments build trust and deepen relationships across generations. Providing a sense of stability and continuity. In times of rapid change, uncertainty, or hardship, traditions provide reassurance. They create a rhythm in life, reminding people that despite challenges, some things remain constant. When we’re under stress, most of us can find comfort in returning to familiar customs. 16 Celebrating milestones and achievements. Life is a journey marked by important milestones — births, weddings, anniversaries, etc. 17 They turn personal achievements into shared joy, strengthening bonds and creating lasting memories. Without traditions, these milestones would feel incomplete or lack emotional depth. A．Building unity in diversity. B．Strengthening family and community bonds. C．They are more than just ceremonies and customs. D．Without traditions, societies risk losing their uniqueness. E．That is because they guide behavior and decision-making. F．Traditions provide meaningful ways to celebrate these milestones. G．That sense of familiarity gives us the strength to face whatever comes next. 附加题：结合上述阅读语篇的内容，完成对表格所给句子有关主谓一致用法的分析。 来源 原句 句子结构分析 主谓一致用法分析 1 阅读理解1 When I took Amy home from the animal shelter, she was scared. 2 With a lot of care and attention, she became a great dog that surprised us every day. 3 阅读理解2 Economics is the study of how rare resources are distributed. 4 our invisible yet extremely valuable attention is the limiting factor 5 阅读理解3 The earth’s wildlife populations have decreased by an average of 69% between 1970 and 2018. 6 Latin America and the Caribbean region has seen the steepest decline in average wildlife population size. 7 阅读理解4 Traditions are the heartbeat of human society. 8 Some of them started talking to me about their own pets. 二、完形填空 Over the years, Chelsea had always struggled — both academically and with self-confidence. Her mother had died 18 a battle with cancer when Chelsea was a fifth grader. As she began sixth grade, Chelsea was still 19 . Each fall, we would take sixth graders for a five-day 20 at Wolf Ridge, a learning center in the woods. The week is filled with team building and overcoming challenges that 21 seemed impossible. The 22 of students at Wolf Ridge becomes a metaphor (隐喻) we will use when they encounter challenges in the classroom. The 23 part is the High Adventure Ropes Course, where the rope stretches from tower to tower, forty feet above the ground. I knew Chelsea was 24 to fear this experience. When it was her 25 , Chelsea was already shaking. The harness (安全带) protected the body, but not much 26 comfort. Chelsea stepped hesitantly onto the rope, her shaking body 27 the rope swaying (摇摆). From down below, her partner shouted up supportively, “Chelsea, you’re doing great!” 28 , Chelsea stepped out and slowly inched her way across. When she moved to the middle of the rope, we sensed Chelsea’s internal 29 . Her classmates had gathered below and kept offering 30 by moving forward together as a group, 31 Chelsea’s slow, step-by-step progress. Ultimately, she reached the destination, 32 in the waiting arms of classmates, worn out but proud. 18．A．following B．winning C．fearing D．ignoring 19．A．emerging B．focusing C．negotiating D．hurting 20．A．celebration B．adventure C．delay D．protest 21．A．actually B．finally C．initially D．officially 22．A．growth B．recipe C．state D．dream 23．A．lowest B．toughest C．funniest D．latest 24．A．ashamed B．ready C．bound D．unable 25．A．field B．style C．fault D．turn 26．A．mental B．potential C．previous D．occasional 27．A．relying on B．adding to C．holding back D．taking over 28．A．Astonished B．Annoyed C．Confused D．Inspired 29．A．struggle B．criticism C．energy D．liberation 30．A．supplies B．funds C．cheers D．shelters 31．A．predicting B．matching C．expanding D．reducing 32．A．assembling B．persevering C．dominating D．collapsing 三、语法填空 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Beneath the grand mountains of Guizhou Province lie some amazing natural 33 (wonder): vast rocky caves that have formed over millions of years. Many of these natural caves possess unique sound properties and stable temperatures, 34 (make) them ideal places for gatherings, performances, and even sports events. Residents of Heishui Town have made 35 most of this natural gift by transforming Fengming Cave into a vibrant basketball venue. Located in Yanhe Tujia Autonomous County, Guizhou Province, Fengming Cave 36 (welcome) guests from around the world on March 28. A friendly match between local residents and international participants of the 2026 China Storyteller Partnerships filled the cave 37 cheers and shouting, as the sound of bouncing basketballs echoed through the towering rock hall. The game offered visiting content creators a rare opportunity 38 (experience) China’s grassroots basketball phenomenon known as “Village BA”, 39 the community spirit, local pride and a passion for the sport come together. Under the dramatic, rock-lined cave ceiling, players and spectators shared the 40 (excite), turning the natural cave into a lively venue of cultural exchange. For many of the international guests, playing basketball deep inside a cave was an unforgettable experience. 41 (surround) by towering rock formations and energized by the enthusiasm of the local crowd, they discovered that the spirit of sport can thrive even in the most 42 (expected) places. 四、写作 开学以来，很多同学因为天气多变或者忙于学业等原因，久坐不动，缺乏锻炼。假设你是校报专栏“English Corner”的记者李华，你决定写一篇英文倡议书，呼吁大家做一些方便简单的运动。 内容主要包括：目前现象；具体建议；发出倡议。 注意：词数 80 左右；可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。 Dear fellow students, ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ The Students’ Union ( 1 / 2 )学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 2027年高考英语一轮复习能力突破（结构化知识+题型提升练） 专题13 主谓一致及长难句的理解 目录 第一部分 必备知识结构化清单 梳理必备的语言知识点，夯实语言基础能力 第二部分 知识运用题型强化练 必备知识与能力提升练，提升语言运用能力 ◇Part 01 必备知识结构化清单 知｜识｜清｜单 真题分析 【真题再现】 【2026年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试(全国Ⅰ卷)阅读理解D篇】A team of Cambridge psychologists conducted an experiment to compare the cognitive (认知的) effects of merely seeing art with actively judging how beautiful it is. In the study, 187 people were invited to visit Kettle’s Yard gallery during an exhibition of handmade clay objects. Participants were randomly divided into two groups: the “beauty” group was asked to actively consider and then rate the beauty of each object they viewed, while the control group just matched a line drawing of the object with the artwork itself. All participants were then tested on how they process information, and whether it’s in a more practical or abstract way. Across all participants, those in the beauty group scored almost 14% higher on average than the control group in abstract thinking. While they were told the study was about cognitive processes, participants were asked about interests, with around half saying they had an artistic hobby. Among those, the effect was greater: those with an artistic hobby in the beauty group scored over 25% higher on average for abstract thinking than those with an artistic hobby in the control group. Emotional states of participants were also measured by asking about their feelings while completing the gallery task. Across all participants, those in the beauty group reported an average of 23% higher levels of “transformative and self-transcendent feelings” — such as feeling moved, enlightened and inspired — than the control group. Importantly, however, the beauty group did not report feeling any happier than the control group, suggesting that it was the engagement with beauty that influenced abstract thinking, rather than any overall positivity from the experience. “We usually think in very concrete terms when doing something on a screen,” said Simone Schnall, senior author of the study. “It’s becoming much rarer to zone out and just let the mind wander, but that’s when we think in ways that broaden our minds. Admiring the beauty of art may be the ideal way to initiate the abstract cognitive processes.” 32. What was the beauty group asked to do with the clay objects? A. Draw their outlines. B. Give each piece a rating. C. Compare their prices. D. Make a copy of each piece. 33. Which participants got the highest score on average in the test? A. Beauty group, with an artistic hobby. B. Beauty group, without an artistic hobby. C. Control group, with an artistic hobby. D. Control group, without an artistic hobby. 34. Why were the participants’ emotional states measured? A. To discover their attitudes towards art. B. To identify their specific thinking patterns. C. To examine the difficulty of the tasks. D. To determine factors behind the test results. 35. What is the major finding of the study regarding the appreciation of art? A. It enhances emotional ties. B. It needs critical thinking skills. C. It creates positive feelings. D. It encourages abstract thinking. （答案：32. B 33. A 34. D 35. D） 【要点分析】 阅读语篇中主谓一致的典型使用分析 原句 主语核心构成 谓语单复数形式 主谓一致用法解析 1 A team of Cambridge psychologists conducted an experiment to compare the cognitive effects of merely seeing art with actively judging how beautiful it is. 中心词：a team（单数集合名词）；of短语为后置定语，不改变主语单复数 conducted（单数过去式） 集合名词主谓一致（强中心词原则）：a team of + 复数名词，主语核心是单数集体单位team，谓语用单数；of后的复数名词仅作修饰，不影响谓语 2 In the study, 187 people were invited to visit Kettle’s Yard gallery during an exhibition of handmade clay objects. 主语：187 people（people永远表复数概念） were invited（复数被动） 特殊复数名词：people表“人”时恒为复数，谓语必须搭配复数形式 3 Participants were randomly divided into two groups. 主语：Participants（复数可数名词） were divided（复数被动） 普通可数名词复数作主语，谓语统一用复数形式 4 the “beauty” group was asked to actively consider and then rate the beauty of each object they viewed 中心词：the group（单数集合名词） was asked（单数被动） 单数group作主语，侧重整体集体，谓语用单数；区别于强调集体内部成员的用法（本文全部group均表整体，统一单数） 5 All participants were then tested on how they process information, and whether it’s in a more practical or abstract way. 主语：All + 复数名词participants were tested（复数被动） 限定词All修饰可数复数名词时，主语为复数，谓语用复数 6 Across all participants, those in the beauty group scored almost 14% higher on average than the control group in abstract thinking. 主语：those（复数指示代词，指代复数人） scored（复数过去式） 代词those指代复数可数名词，作主语时谓语必须用复数；单数对应代词为that 7 while around half saying they had an artistic hobby. half指代前文复数participants；从句主语they（复数代词） had（复数谓语） half作不定代词指代复数人/物时，后文对应代词、隐含谓语均为复数；若half指代不可数名词则为单数 8 Among those, the effect was greater 主语：the effect（单数可数名词） was（单数系动词） 单数可数名词单独作主语，系动词、实义动词均用单数形式 9 Emotional states of participants were also measured by asking about their feelings while completing the gallery task. 中心词：states（复数可数名词） were measured（复数被动） A of B结构主谓看A（中心词），本句核心主语是复数states，of participants为后置定语，谓语随中心词变复数 10 Importantly, however, the beauty group did not report feeling any happier than the control group 主语：the beauty group（单数集合名词） did（单数助动词） 单数集合名词作主语，否定式助动词用单数did，而非复数did（无复数do过去式） 11 suggesting that it was the engagement with beauty that influenced abstract thinking, rather than any overall positivity from the experience. 强调句主干核心：the engagement（单数不可数名词） was（单数系动词） 强调句型主谓一致：it is/was + 被强调部分 + that…，固定用单数is/was，不受被强调名词单复数干扰；本句被强调的engagement为单数 12 “We usually think in very concrete terms when doing something on a screen,” said Simone Schnall, senior author of the study. 主句倒装，真正主语：Simone Schnall（单数人名） said（单数谓语） 引语倒装结构主谓规则：谓语单复数由主句真正主语（人名Simone）决定，不受引号内复数主语we影响 13 It’s becoming much rarer to zone out and just let the mind wander 形式主语It，真正主语不定式短语 It’s = It is（单数系动词） 不定式/从句作真正主语时，必须用单数形式it作形式主语，系动词固定用is 14 but that’s when we think in ways that broaden our minds. 主语that（单数指示代词，指代前文整件事） that’s = that is（单数系动词） that单独作主语指代抽象整件事，视为单数，搭配单数系动词 15 Admiring the beauty of art may be the ideal way to initiate the abstract cognitive processes. 主语：动名词短语Admiring the beauty of art may be（单数情态系动词） 动名词短语作主语恒为单数：单个动名词/动名词短语充当句子主语，谓语一律使用单数形式 知识回顾 一、主谓一致的三大核心原则 1.语法一致原则 规则 核心说明 例句 译文 单数主语配单数谓语 可数名词单数、不可数名词、单数代词作主语，谓语动词用三单 The cat runs fast. 这只猫跑得很快。 复数主语配复数谓语 复数名词、复数代词作主语，谓语用原形/复数形式 The cats run fast. 这些猫跑得很快。 动名词/不定式/主语从句作主语 统一视作单数主语，谓语三单 Reading improves writing. 阅读提升写作。 To learn English takes effort. 学英语需要付出努力。 What he said surprises me. 他说的话让我很惊讶。 2.意义一致原则 规则 核心说明 例句 译文 集合名词表整体→单数谓语 集合名词表全体成员→复数谓语 family, class, team, group, audience, government The class is small.（整体：班级） 这个班规模很小。 The class are arguing.（成员：同学们） 同学们正在争论。 时间、金钱、距离、重量复数名词 视作一个整体，谓语用单数 Twenty years flies quickly. 二十年转瞬即逝。 Three thousand yuan is enough. 三千元足够了。 and连接共用一个冠词，表同一人/一物 主语为单数，谓语三单 The doctor and writer is my uncle. 那位医生兼作家是我叔叔。 and连接两个独立名词，双冠词 两个人/两件物，谓语复数 The doctor and the writer are my uncles. 这位医生和这位作家都是我叔叔。 3.邻近一致原则 分类 连接词汇 判断规则 例句 译文 就近原则 （谓语跟离它近的主语） or; either…or; neither…nor; not only…but also; there be 谓语单复数由靠近谓语的名词决定 Neither you nor he likes music. 你和他都不喜欢音乐。 There are two books and a pen. 有两本书一支钢笔。 就远原则 （谓语跟最前面的主语） with, together with, as well as, except, besides, rather than 插入成分忽略，只看句首主语 Lily as well as her parents likes hiking. 莉莉和她父母都喜欢徒步。 All students except Tom know the rule. 除汤姆外所有学生都知道规则。 二、特殊名词/短语作主语的主谓一致 主语类型 固定规则 例句 译文 不定代词：everyone, somebody, nobody, everything, each 全部视为单数，谓语三单 Everyone has a textbook. 每个人都有课本。 each + 单数名词 each作主语核心，谓语单数 Each boy gets a prize. 每个男孩都获得奖品。 复数名词 + each（同位语） 主语为复数，each不改变，谓语复数 The boys each get a prize. 男孩们每人都获得奖品。 a number of + 复数名词 a number of = 许多，谓语复数 A number of birds fly south. 大量鸟类飞往南方。 the number of + 复数名词 the number of = …的数量，谓语单数 The number of birds is 100. 鸟类的数量是100只。 many a + 单数名词 more than one + 单数名词 形式单数、含义复数，谓语三单 Many a student hates exams. 很多学生讨厌考试。 all 作主语 all指人→复数；all指事物→单数 All are present.（人） 所有人都到场了。 All is fine.（事） 一切顺利。 most/half/rest/part + of 谓语单复数由of后面名词决定 Most of the rice is eaten. 大部分米饭吃完了。 Most of the students work hard. 大部分学生学习刻苦。 三、定语从句/倒装句中的主谓一致 句式场景 判断规则 例句 译文 普通定语从句（that/which/who） 谓语匹配先行词单复数 The girl who sings well is Lucy. 唱歌好听的女孩是露西。 one of + 复数名词 + 定语从句 先行词是复数名词，从句谓语复数 He is one of the boys who love art. 他是热爱艺术的男孩之一。 the only one of + 复数名词 + 定语从句 先行词是the only one，从句谓语单数 He is the only boy who loves art. 他是唯一热爱艺术的男孩。 地点副词放句首完全倒装 谓语匹配后面真正主语 Beside the lake stands a tower. 湖边矗立一座高塔。 Beside the lake stand two towers. 湖边矗立两座高塔。 ▲易混词组对比记忆 易混组别 区分规则 例句1 例句2 the singer and dancer the singer and the dancer 同一人身，单谓语 两个人，复谓语 The teacher and painter lives here. 这位教师兼画家住在这里 The teacher and the painter live here. 教师和画家两人住在这里 each + 单数名词 复数名词 + each each在前→单谓语 each作同位语→复谓语 Each kid has a toy. 每个孩子有一个玩具 The kids each have a toy. 孩子们每人都有玩具 a number of the number of 许多（复数谓语） 数量（单数谓语） A number of trees were cut. 许多树被砍伐 The number of trees is small. 树木的数量很少 one of…who the only one of…who 从句复数谓语 从句单数谓语 She is one of girls who like dance. 她是喜欢舞蹈的女生之一 She is the only girl who likes dance. 她是唯一喜欢舞蹈的女生 many a + 单数名词 many + 复数名词 many a用三单 many用复数谓语 Many a student reads novels. 很多学生读小说 Many students read novels. 很多学生读小说 四、英语长难句的理解 核心分类 核心考点 应对策略 长难句基础拆解 1.三大从句 2.非谓语动词 3.并列结构 4.特殊倒装/强调/省略 5.插入分隔结构 定语从句、名词性从句、状语从句；to do/doing/done；and/but/or连接并列句；倒装句、it强调句；逗号破折号插入语 1.找谓语动词，划分主句+从句 2.划连词，区分修饰关系 3.剥离插入语、非谓语修饰成分 4.先译主干，再叠加修饰成分 高频难点结构 1.多重嵌套定语 2.分隔式定语/谓语 3.否定转移、比较级特殊结构 4.固定复合句式（so…that; such…as等） 多重定语从句叠加、主谓被插入语隔开、否定前移、复杂比较结构 1.从后往前梳理定语修饰对象 2.跳过插入语锁定主谓核心 3.牢记特殊句式固定翻译逻辑 解题应对策略 阅读长难句、七选五、完形长句、语法填空长句 快速抓主干理解主旨；根据连词/非谓语判定词性 阅读理解：抓主谓快速解题； 语法填空：先拆分再填词 （一）长难句拆解核心步骤 通用4步拆解法（所有长难句通用） 找谓语：识别句子所有动词（谓语动词/非谓语动词），一个主句只有一套主谓； 找连词：并列连词(and/but/or)、从句连词(that/which/when/because等)，连词分割主句与从句； 剥修饰：去掉插入语、介词短语、非谓语、后置定语等修饰成分，留下主干； 重组译文：先翻译主谓主干，再依次添加定语、状语、插入语。 例句： Original: Having finished his homework, Tom who loves reading sat quietly by the window where he could enjoy the sunset. 【拆解步骤】 谓语：finished(非谓)、loves(从句谓语)、sat(主句谓语，核心)、could enjoy(从句谓语) 连词：who（定语从句）、where（定语从句） 剥离修饰：Having finished his homework（非谓语状语）；who loves reading（修饰Tom）；where he could enjoy the sunset（修饰window） 主干：Tom sat quietly by the window. 译文：完成作业后，热爱阅读的汤姆安静坐在窗边，在那里他能欣赏落日。 （二）三大类从句嵌套长难句 1.定语从句 定语从句用关系代词(which/that/who/whose)、关系副词(when/where/why)修饰名词，常出现一个名词叠加多层定语从句形成超长句子。 【应对策略】 找到先行词（被修饰名词）；断开从句，先行词还原进从句理解；多层定语从后往前翻译。 例句1（单层定语从句） The book that I bought yesterday contains many stories which describe the life of teenagers. 主干：The book contains many stories. 译文：我昨天买的这本书包含许多描写青少年生活的故事。 例句2（双重嵌套定语从句，高考阅读高频） I admire the scientist who devoted all his time to the research that can help protect endangered animals. 主干：I admire the scientist. 拆分：who修饰scientist；that修饰research 译文：我敬佩那位将毕生投入能保护濒危动物的研究的科学家。 2.名词性从句 句子充当名词功能，常与定语从句混合嵌套，极易混淆that引导同位语/定语从句。 【应对策略】 从句放在动词/介词前=主语从句；动词后=宾语从句；be动词后=表语从句；抽象名词后=同位语从句；同位语从句that不作成分，定语从句that充当主/宾。 例句（主语从句+宾语从句嵌套） What most students ignore is that hard work is the key that leads to great progress. 主干：What most students ignore is that… 译文：大多数学生忽略的一点是，努力是带来巨大进步的关键。 3.状语从句 when/because/although/if/so that引导的状语从句，可置于句首、句中、句尾，拉长句子。 【应对策略】 句首状语从句直接划逗号断开，先译从句，再译主句。 例句（让步状语+定语从句叠加） Although he met many difficulties that no one expected, he never gave up his dream. 主干：he never gave up his dream. 译文：尽管他遭遇了没人预料到的重重困难，他从未放弃自己的梦想。 （三）非谓语动词造成的长难句 动词不定式to do（目的/将来）、现在分词doing（主动/进行）、过去分词done（被动/完成）无主谓结构，能作定语、状语，大量堆砌修饰主句，是阅读长难句核心难点。 【应对策略】 所有非谓语短语全部提前剥离，单独翻译，最后拼接主句主干。 例句1（doing作状语+后置定语） Walking along the street, we saw a little girl crying beside a broken bike lying on the ground. 主干：we saw a little girl. 译文：走在街上时，我们看见一个小女孩在一辆倒地的破损自行车旁哭泣。 例句2（done表被动、to do表目的多层叠加） Encouraged by teachers, the students stayed late to finish the task assigned by their headmaster. 主干：the students stayed late. 译文：受到老师鼓舞，学生们留到很晚，完成班主任布置的任务。 （四）插入分隔结构 逗号/破折号之间的插入语（副词短语、同位语、短句）把主谓、名词和定语强行隔开，干扰主干判断。 【应对策略】 阅读时直接跳过两个逗号中间内容，先锁定主谓，翻译最后补充插入语。 例句 All students, regardless of their grades, need to take part in the sports meeting held next Friday. 跳过插入语：All students need to take part in the sports meeting. 译文：所有学生，无论成绩好坏，都需要参加下周五举办的运动会。 （五）特殊句式构成的长难句 1.倒装句长难句 【应对策略】还原正常语序（主谓互换改为主+谓）再拆分 例句： Only by making constant efforts can we achieve the goals we set for ourselves. 还原语序：We can achieve the goals we set for ourselves only by making constant efforts. 译文：只有持续付出努力，我们才能实现为自己定下的目标。 2.It强调句型 结构：It is/was +被强调部分+that/who+剩余句子 【应对策略】去掉It is…that，还原原句主干 例句 It is teamwork that helps our class win the competition last week. 还原：Teamwork helps our class win the competition last week. 译文：正是团队协作帮助我们班赢得了上周的比赛。 基｜础｜练｜习 一、阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Though its original Chinatown in Lower Manhattan is the most well-known, New York City is actually home to nine 1 (office) China towns spread across its five boroughs, each reflecting the rich regional 2 (diverse) of Chinese cuisine. In the 1870s, the city’s first Chinatown took root when Chinese immigrants arrived either from China or the US’s West Coast. Early 3 (business) were mostly rice shops and tea houses, but by the early 1900s, full-service restaurants emerged. By the mid-20th Century, Chinese food, in all its glorious forms, had become as associated 4 New York City as the New York slice. Among the new generation carrying this legacy forward is chef Calvin Eng, the owner of Bonnie’s, 5 Cantonese American restaurant in Williamsburg, Brooklyn, which has been praised for its inventive interpretations of Cantonese cuisine. Eng 6 (grow) up in Bay Ridge, Brooklyn, learning to  cook the  food of Guangdong from his  mother,  tasting  Cantonese  food made by his grandparents each weekend, 7 sometimes getting his Cantonese fix at a variety of New York’s Chinatown. Unlike other styles, Cantonese food is known for its lightness and simplicity, 8 (emphasize) fresh ingredients, particularly seafood, a reflection of the region’s coastal geography. “Cantonese food is 9 (remarkable) low on acid and heat,” Eng explains. “We use minimal ingredients that allow the main ingredients 10 (shine).” 【答案】1．official 2．diversity 3．businesses 4．with 5．a 6．grew 7．and 8．emphasizing 9．remarkably 10．to shine 【解析】本文主要介绍纽约拥有九个官方唐人街，讲述纽约中餐的发展历程以及粤菜的风味特点。 1．考查形容词。句意：尽管位于曼哈顿下城的原始唐人街最为知名，但纽约市实际上拥有九个遍布其五个行政区的官方唐人街，每一处都展现出中国菜系丰富的地域多样性。空处修饰名词Chinatowns，需用形容词作定语，名词office对应的形容词official“官方的”符合题意。 2．考查名词。句意：尽管位于曼哈顿下城的原始唐人街最为知名，但纽约市实际上拥有九个遍布其五个行政区的官方唐人街，每一处都展现出中国菜系丰富的地域多样性。形容词regional后接名词，作reflect的宾语，diverse的名词形式为diversity“多样性”，为不可数名词。 3．考查名词复数。句意：早期的商铺大多是米店和茶馆，但到了20世纪初，提供全套服务的餐厅出现了。空处作主语，根据谓语were可知主语为复数，business表示“商铺、店铺”时为可数名词，复数形式为businesses。 4．考查固定搭配。句意：到20世纪中叶，各式各样精致的中餐已经和纽约披萨片一样，成为纽约市的标志性事物。固定搭配be associated with“与……相关联”。 5．考查冠词。句意：传承这份传统的新一代中有厨师卡尔文·恩，他是布鲁克林威廉斯堡一家粤式美式餐厅邦妮餐厅的店主，这家餐厅因其对粤菜富有创意的演绎而广受赞誉。此处泛指一家粤式美式餐厅，Cantonese是以辅音音素开头的单词，用不定冠词a。 6．考查时态。句意：恩在布鲁克林的贝里奇长大，跟随母亲学习制作广东美食，每周品尝祖父母做的粤菜，有时也会在纽约各处的唐人街享用粤菜。空处为主句谓语，此处描述过去成长的经历，用一般过去时，grow的过去式为grew。 7．考查连词。句意：恩在布鲁克林的贝里奇长大，跟随母亲学习制作广东美食，每周品尝祖父母做的粤菜，有时也会在纽约各处的唐人街享用粤菜。此处前后为并列的伴随动作，表递进关系，用并列连词and。故填and。 8．考查非谓语动词。句意：与其他菜系不同，粤菜以清淡简约著称，注重新鲜食材，尤其是海鲜，这反映了该地区临海的地理特征。本句已有谓语is known，空处为非谓语动词，主语Cantonese food与emphasize为主动关系，用现在分词作伴随状语。 9．考查副词。句意：“粤菜的酸度和辣度都非常低，”恩解释道。空处修饰形容词low，需用副词，remarkable的副词形式remarkably“非常、显著地”。 10．考查非谓语动词。句意：“我们使用极简的辅料，让主要食材发挥本身的风味。”固定搭配allow sth. to do sth.“允许某物做某事”，此处用不定式作宾语补足语。 二、结合上述短文的内容，按照要求用主谓一致知识改写。 原句 改写要求 改写后的句子 1 New York City is actually home to nine official Chinatowns. 将主语改为Nine official Chinatowns in New York City，改写句子，保持原意 2 Early businesses were mostly rice shops and tea houses. 将主语改为Every early business，改写句子，保持原意 3 Chinese food had become a symbol of New York City by the mid-20th Century. 主语替换为All kinds of Chinese foods，改写句子 4 Among the new generation carrying this legacy forward is chef Calvin Eng. 主语改为Two famous chefs，调整倒装句式、匹配谓语 5 Eng grows up learning Cantonese cooking from his mother. 主语改为Eng and his mother，改写句子，时态不变 6 The restaurant has been praised for its inventive Cantonese dishes. 主语改为Lots of Cantonese restaurants，改写句子 7 Cantonese food is known for its lightness and simplicity. 主语改为Cantonese dishes，改写句子 8 Minimal ingredients allow the main food to shine. 主语改为A little seasoning，改写句子，保持时态 9 Each Chinatown reflects the rich diversity of Chinese cuisine. 主语改为Each of these nine Chinatowns，改写句子 10 The fresh seafood fits the feature of Cantonese cooking. 主语改为Fresh seafood and local vegetables，改写句子 【参考答案】 原句 改写要求 改写后的句子 1 New York City is actually home to nine official Chinatowns. 将主语改为Nine official Chinatowns in New York City，改写句子，保持原意 Nine official Chinatowns in New York City are actually located in the city. 2 Early businesses were mostly rice shops and tea houses. 将主语改为Every early business，改写句子，保持原意 Every early business was mostly a rice shop or a tea house. 3 Chinese food had become a symbol of New York City by the mid-20th Century. 主语替换为All kinds of Chinese foods，改写句子 All kinds of Chinese foods had become symbols of New York City by the mid-20th Century. 4 Among the new generation carrying this legacy forward is chef Calvin Eng. 主语改为Two famous chefs，调整倒装句式、匹配谓语 Among the new generation carrying this legacy forward are two famous chefs. 5 Eng grows up learning Cantonese cooking from his mother. 主语改为Eng and his mother，改写句子，时态不变 Eng and his mother learn Cantonese cooking together. 6 The restaurant has been praised for its inventive Cantonese dishes. 主语改为Lots of Cantonese restaurants，改写句子 Lots of Cantonese restaurants have been praised for their inventive Cantonese dishes. 7 Cantonese food is known for its lightness and simplicity. 主语改为Cantonese dishes，改写句子 Cantonese dishes are known for their lightness and simplicity. 8 Minimal ingredients allow the main food to shine. 主语改为A little seasoning，改写句子，保持时态 A little seasoning allows the main food to shine. 9 Each Chinatown reflects the rich diversity of Chinese cuisine. 主语改为Each of these nine Chinatowns，改写句子 Each of these nine Chinatowns reflects the rich diversity of Chinese cuisine. 10 The fresh seafood fits the feature of Cantonese cooking. 主语改为Fresh seafood and local vegetables，改写句子 Fresh seafood and local vegetables fit the feature of Cantonese cooking. ◇Part 02 知识运用题型强化练 一、阅读理解 1 When I took Amy home from the animal shelter, she was scared. I believed she had been abused (虐待) because she was afraid of anything my husband, Bill, or I held in our hands. With a lot of care and attention, she became a great dog that surprised us every day. About three years ago, Amy and I joined a volunteer project called Canines with Class. At our first school visit, Officer Lisa called Amy and asked her to show how to shake hands and give a high five. The students clapped in joy and Amy received a reward. Then the students got to touch the dog. One by one they came up to meet Amy. Some of them started talking to me about their own pets. I didn’t feel worried any more. I thought the children liked staying with us. On our next school visit, I put a big chain on Amy’s neck and walked away from her. You could see that Amy was not happy. When I took the chain off her neck, Amy shook her tail happily and wouldn’t stop licking (舔) my face. That was when we talked about “breaking the chain”. On our third school trip, Amy started acting poorly when it was time to show off a few tricks. The students watched to see how I would correct her mistakes. It was a good chance to explain that if your dog doesn’t do exactly what you ask, you don’t have to shout at her or hit her to make it right. I think the children have learned a lot about respect and patience. Amy loves the program and has come so far since I found her a few years ago. Amy has broken the chain, and the love she gives to those children will help them become good pet owners. 1．What probably made Amy frightened? A．The author’s husband, Bill. B．Past ill-treatment. C．Too much care from the author. D．The unfamiliar environment. 2．Which can best describe Amy during her first school visit? A．Scared. B．Nervous. C．Patient. D．Well-received. 3．What did Amy gain during the second school visit? A．Kisses from the author. B．A physical reward. C．Freedom. D．A new neck chain. 4．What can be known about the school visits? A．They are a win-win experience. B．They are designed to make good pet owners. C．They teach children to earn respect. D．They are organized by the animal shelter. 2 Economics is the study of how rare resources are distributed; whether that is housing, food, or money. However, in an age of endless amounts of information at our fingertips, what is the rarity? Unlike what can be quantified and measured, our invisible yet extremely valuable attention is the limiting factor: we are in the age of the attention economy. The American Psychological Association defines attention as “a state in which cognitive (认知的) resources are focused on certain aspects of the environment rather than on others.” Attention comes in forms like love, recognition, and help. Although attention is theoretically unquantifiable, many obtain attention’s value from how much time we focus on a particular thing. We face attention’s rarity every day; while “paying attention” to one thing, we ignore others. Similar to money, we exchange attention; you are reading this article right now and probably ignoring the other work you have to do. Our attention has always been limited, valuable, and rare. But what distinguishes the present day is that technological advances have made a huge amount of information available, strategically aimed at attracting our attention. As for the general public, it has never been easier to garner such personal levels of attention through means like social media. However, social media keeps us on the platform longer and wanting more. Anyone can set up an account and have the opportunity for their presence to be seen by millions, but this also increases the pressure to attract more of the increasingly rare resource of attention. As our online social media presence and images are determined by the number of “friends,” “followers” vs. “following,” “likes,” and “subscribers”, comparison is easy. Furthermore, social media sites’ “explore pages” throw endless information at us, hoping that one picture or video will interest us. We can scroll (滚屏) endlessly, and upon finishing a video we will always have a new one to auto-play. However, when our attention is glued to our phones, we abandon other opportunities. 5．What do the underlined words “at our fingertips” in paragraph 1 mean? A．Under our control. B．Ready to share. C．Free to download. D．Easy to access. 6．What is the feature of attention according to the text? A．It is a form of love. B．It involves trade-offs. C．It can be easily measured. D．It can be stored like money. 7．What impact does technology have on attention? A．It intensifies the fight for attention. B．It reduces the quality of attention. C．It makes information easier to spread. D．It changes the nature of attention. 8．What is implied in the last paragraph? A．Social media takes over our attention. B．Social media makes attention easy to get. C．Social media exploits limited attention. D．Social media turns attention into numbers. 3 The earth’s wildlife populations have decreased by an average of 69% between 1970 and 2018, according to WWF’s Living Planet Report 2022, as humans continue to cut down forests, consume resources beyond the limits of the planet, and pollute the environment on an industrial scale. Two years ago, the figure stood at 68%, and four years ago, it was at 60%. Many scientists believe we are living through the sixth mass extinction — the largest loss of life on Earth since the time of the dinosaurs, and that it is being driven by humans. The report’s 89 authors urged world leaders to reach an ambitious agreement at the Cop 15 biodiversity summit in Canada and to cut carbon emissions to limit global heating to below 1.5 ℃ this decade to stop the serious destruction of nature. Latin America and the Caribbean region has seen the steepest decline in average wildlife population size, with a 94% drop in 48 years. Africa had the second largest fall at 66%, followed by Asia and the Pacific with 55% and North America at 20%. Europe and Central Asia experienced an 18% fall. The total loss is akin to the human population of Europe, the Americas, Africa, Oceania and China disappearing, according to the report. Land use change is still the leading driver of biodiversity loss across the planet. Robin Freeman, head of one unit at Zoological Society of London, said it was clear that humanity is eroding (损害) the very foundations of life, and urgent action is needed. He mentioned, “It’s not just about conservation, it’s about changing production and consumption and the only way we are going to be able to make laws or call for that is to have these clear measurable targets that ask for recovery of abundance, reduction of extinction risk and the ending of extinctions at Cop 15 in December.” 9．What do the data in paragraph 1 show? A．The sixth mass extinction of forests is going down. B．The consumption level is beyond the limits of the earth. C．The industrial pollution is becoming more widespread. D．The decrease rate of wildlife populations is increasing. 10．The underlined word “driver” in paragraph 4 most probably means ________ A．vehicle B．cause C．result D．effect 11．What can we learn from Robin Freeman’s words in paragraph 4? A．Changing ways of production and consumption matters in protection. B．Cop 15 should take the responsibility for biodiversity reduction. C．Making laws for recovery of wildlife abundance seems impossible. D．Stable land use can prevent the loss of wildlife populations. 12．What is the best title for the passage? A．Wildlife Faces Great Challenges to Survive. B．Wildlife Populations Experience a Dramatic Decline. C．All Continents Suffer From Wildlife Disappearance. D．Human Activities Contribute to Wildlife’s Habitat Loss. 4 Traditions are the heartbeat of human society. 13 They are living stories passed down through generations that shape our identity and connect us to our roots. Without them, we risk losing the very essence of what makes us who we are. Therefore, it’s essential to understand why traditions are important. Preserving cultural identity. Traditions act as anchors (锚), reminding communities of their heritage, language, and values in the face of globalization and modernization. For example, Thanksgiving in the U.S. preserves the spirit of gratitude and historical reflection. 14 They become disconnected from the stories, music, foods, and values that make them different. 15 Traditions are the glue that holds families and communities together. Shared practices create a sense of belonging, offering people the comfort of knowing they are part of something larger. Whether it’s a weekly dinner or an annual reunion, these moments build trust and deepen relationships across generations. Providing a sense of stability and continuity. In times of rapid change, uncertainty, or hardship, traditions provide reassurance. They create a rhythm in life, reminding people that despite challenges, some things remain constant. When we’re under stress, most of us can find comfort in returning to familiar customs. 16 Celebrating milestones and achievements. Life is a journey marked by important milestones — births, weddings, anniversaries, etc. 17 They turn personal achievements into shared joy, strengthening bonds and creating lasting memories. Without traditions, these milestones would feel incomplete or lack emotional depth. A．Building unity in diversity. B．Strengthening family and community bonds. C．They are more than just ceremonies and customs. D．Without traditions, societies risk losing their uniqueness. E．That is because they guide behavior and decision-making. F．Traditions provide meaningful ways to celebrate these milestones. G．That sense of familiarity gives us the strength to face whatever comes next. 附加题：结合上述阅读语篇的内容，完成对表格所给句子有关主谓一致用法的分析。 来源 原句 句子结构分析 主谓一致用法分析 1 阅读理解1 When I took Amy home from the animal shelter, she was scared. 2 With a lot of care and attention, she became a great dog that surprised us every day. 3 阅读理解2 Economics is the study of how rare resources are distributed. 4 our invisible yet extremely valuable attention is the limiting factor 5 阅读理解3 The earth’s wildlife populations have decreased by an average of 69% between 1970 and 2018. 6 Latin America and the Caribbean region has seen the steepest decline in average wildlife population size. 7 阅读理解4 Traditions are the heartbeat of human society. 8 Some of them started talking to me about their own pets. 二、完形填空 Over the years, Chelsea had always struggled — both academically and with self-confidence. Her mother had died 18 a battle with cancer when Chelsea was a fifth grader. As she began sixth grade, Chelsea was still 19 . Each fall, we would take sixth graders for a five-day 20 at Wolf Ridge, a learning center in the woods. The week is filled with team building and overcoming challenges that 21 seemed impossible. The 22 of students at Wolf Ridge becomes a metaphor (隐喻) we will use when they encounter challenges in the classroom. The 23 part is the High Adventure Ropes Course, where the rope stretches from tower to tower, forty feet above the ground. I knew Chelsea was 24 to fear this experience. When it was her 25 , Chelsea was already shaking. The harness (安全带) protected the body, but not much 26 comfort. Chelsea stepped hesitantly onto the rope, her shaking body 27 the rope swaying (摇摆). From down below, her partner shouted up supportively, “Chelsea, you’re doing great!” 28 , Chelsea stepped out and slowly inched her way across. When she moved to the middle of the rope, we sensed Chelsea’s internal 29 . Her classmates had gathered below and kept offering 30 by moving forward together as a group, 31 Chelsea’s slow, step-by-step progress. Ultimately, she reached the destination, 32 in the waiting arms of classmates, worn out but proud. 18．A．following B．winning C．fearing D．ignoring 19．A．emerging B．focusing C．negotiating D．hurting 20．A．celebration B．adventure C．delay D．protest 21．A．actually B．finally C．initially D．officially 22．A．growth B．recipe C．state D．dream 23．A．lowest B．toughest C．funniest D．latest 24．A．ashamed B．ready C．bound D．unable 25．A．field B．style C．fault D．turn 26．A．mental B．potential C．previous D．occasional 27．A．relying on B．adding to C．holding back D．taking over 28．A．Astonished B．Annoyed C．Confused D．Inspired 29．A．struggle B．criticism C．energy D．liberation 30．A．supplies B．funds C．cheers D．shelters 31．A．predicting B．matching C．expanding D．reducing 32．A．assembling B．persevering C．dominating D．collapsing 三、语法填空 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Beneath the grand mountains of Guizhou Province lie some amazing natural 33 (wonder): vast rocky caves that have formed over millions of years. Many of these natural caves possess unique sound properties and stable temperatures, 34 (make) them ideal places for gatherings, performances, and even sports events. Residents of Heishui Town have made 35 most of this natural gift by transforming Fengming Cave into a vibrant basketball venue. Located in Yanhe Tujia Autonomous County, Guizhou Province, Fengming Cave 36 (welcome) guests from around the world on March 28. A friendly match between local residents and international participants of the 2026 China Storyteller Partnerships filled the cave 37 cheers and shouting, as the sound of bouncing basketballs echoed through the towering rock hall. The game offered visiting content creators a rare opportunity 38 (experience) China’s grassroots basketball phenomenon known as “Village BA”, 39 the community spirit, local pride and a passion for the sport come together. Under the dramatic, rock-lined cave ceiling, players and spectators shared the 40 (excite), turning the natural cave into a lively venue of cultural exchange. For many of the international guests, playing basketball deep inside a cave was an unforgettable experience. 41 (surround) by towering rock formations and energized by the enthusiasm of the local crowd, they discovered that the spirit of sport can thrive even in the most 42 (expected) places. 四、写作 开学以来，很多同学因为天气多变或者忙于学业等原因，久坐不动，缺乏锻炼。假设你是校报专栏“English Corner”的记者李华，你决定写一篇英文倡议书，呼吁大家做一些方便简单的运动。 内容主要包括：目前现象；具体建议；发出倡议。 注意：词数 80 左右；可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。 Dear fellow students, ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ The Students’ Union 参考答案 一、 1 1．B 2．D 3．C 4．A 【解析】文章讲述了作者从收容所领养的狗Amy，通过参与学校志愿项目，不仅克服了过去的心理创伤，还教会了孩子们尊重、耐心和如何善待动物。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段中“When I took Amy home from the animal shelter, she was scared. I believed she had been abused (虐待) because she was afraid of anything my husband, Bill, or I held in our hands. (当我从动物收容所把Amy带回家时，她很害怕。我认为她受到了虐待，因为她害怕我丈夫Bill或我手里拿着的任何东西。)”可知，过去的虐待使Amy害怕。 2．推理判断题。根据第二段中“The students clapped in joy and Amy received a reward. Then the students got to touch the dog. One by one they came up to meet Amy… I thought the children liked staying with us. (学生们高兴地鼓起掌来，Amy也因此得到了奖励。然后学生们可以抚摸这只狗。他们一个接一个地上来迎接Amy……我以为孩子们喜欢和我们呆在一起。)”可知，Amy受到学生们的喜爱，表明它在第一次学校访问中很受欢迎。 3．细节理解题。根据第三段中“When I took the chain off her neck, Amy shook her tail happily and wouldn’t stop licking (舔) my face. That was when we talked about “breaking the chain”. (当我把链子从她脖子上取下来时，Amy高兴地摇着尾巴，不停地舔我的脸。这就是我们所说的“打破链子”。)”可知，Amy在第二次学校访问中从链子中解脱，获得了自由。 4．推理判断题。根据第四段中“I think the children have learned a lot about respect and patience. (我觉得孩子们学到了很多关于尊重和耐心的知识。)”和最后一段“Amy loves the program and has come so far since I found her a few years ago. Amy has broken the chain, and the love she gives to those children will help them become good pet owners. (Amy非常喜欢这个项目，自从几年前我找到她以来，她的成长变化很大。Amy已经打破了链子，她对这些孩子的关爱将帮助他们成为优秀的宠物主人。)”可知，学校访问对Amy和孩子们都有好处，这是一种双赢的经历。 2 5．D 6．B 7．A 8．C 【解析】文章主要介绍注意力经济的内涵、特点及社交媒体对人们注意力的负面影响。 5．词句猜测题。根据第一段中“However, in an age of endless amounts of information at our fingertips, what is the rarity?(然而，在信息at our fingertips、无穷无尽的时代，稀缺的东西是什么呢？)”可知，这是信息触手可及的时代，at our fingertips表示“极易获取”。 6．细节理解题。根据第二段中“We face attention’s rarity every day; while “paying attention” to one thing, we ignore others. Similar to money, we exchange attention; you are reading this article right now and probably ignoring the other work you have to do.(我们每天都能感受到注意力的稀缺性；当“集中注意力”于一件事时，我们便忽略了其他事情。与金钱类似，我们也在交换注意力：此刻你正在阅读这篇文章，很可能忽略了你必须做的其他工作。)”可知，注意力具有取舍权衡、需要权衡利弊的特点，存在取舍交换。 7．细节理解题。根据第三段中“But what distinguishes the present day is that technological advances have made a huge amount of information available, strategically aimed at attracting our attention.(但当今时代的独特之处在于，科技进步带来了海量信息，且这些信息刻意旨在吸引我们的注意力。)”可知，科技让各类信息争抢人们有限的注意力，加剧了注意力的争夺。 8．推理判断题。根据第四段中“However, social media keeps us on the platform longer and wanting more.(然而，社交媒体让我们在平台上停留更久，并且想要更多。)”和“However, when our attention is glued to our phones, we abandon other opportunities.(当我们的注意力紧锁在手机上时，我们便放弃了其他机会。)”可知，社交媒体不断消耗、利用人们有限的注意力，带来消极影响。 3 9．D 10．B 11．A 12．B 【解析】文章主要说明了全球野生动物种群数量急剧下降的趋势及原因，并呼吁采取紧急行动保护生物多样性。 9．细节理解题。根据第一段“The earth’s wildlife populations have decreased by an average of 69% between 1970 and 2018, according to WWF’s Living Planet Report 2022, as humans continue to cut down forests, consume resources beyond the limits of the planet, and pollute the environment on an industrial scale. Two years ago, the figure stood at 68%, and four years ago, it was at 60%.(根据世界自然基金会发布的《2022 年生命星球报告》，自 1970 年至 2018 年期间，地球上的野生动植物数量平均减少了 69%。这是因为人类持续砍伐森林、超出地球承载能力消耗资源，并以工业规模污染环境。两年前这一数字为 68%，四年前则为 60%)”可知，第一段的数据表明野生动物数量的下降率正在增加。 10．词句猜测题。根据画线词后文“Robin Freeman, head of one unit at Zoological Society of London, said it was clear that humanity is eroding (损害) the very foundations of life, and urgent action is needed.(伦敦动物学会一个部门的负责人Robin Freeman表示，很明显，人类正在损害生命的基础，需要采取紧急行动)”可知，土地利用变化仍然是全球生物多样性丧失的主要原因，故画线词意思是“原因”。 11．推理判断题。根据第四段中“He mentioned, “It’s not just about conservation, it’s about changing production and consumption and the only way we are going to be able to make laws or call for that is to have these clear measurable targets that ask for recovery of abundance, reduction of extinction risk and the ending of extinctions at Cop 15 in December.”(他提到：“这不仅仅关乎保护工作，还涉及到改变生产方式和消费模式。而我们能够制定相关法律或发出相关呼吁的唯一途径，就是设定这些明确且可衡量的目标，这些目标旨在实现物种数量的恢复、降低灭绝风险以及在12月举行的第15届缔约方大会上终止物种灭绝。”)”可推知，Robin Freeman认为改变生产和消费方式对保护很重要。 12．主旨大意题。根据第一段中“The earth’s wildlife populations have decreased by an average of 69% between 1970 and 2018, according to WWF’s Living Planet Report 2022, as humans continue to cut down forests, consume resources beyond the limits of the planet, and pollute the environment on an industrial scale. Two years ago, the figure stood at 68%, and four years ago, it was at 60%.(根据世界自然基金会发布的《2022 年生命星球报告》，自 1970 年至 2018 年期间，地球上的野生动植物数量平均减少了 69%。这是因为人类持续砍伐森林、超出地球承载能力消耗资源，并以工业规模污染环境。两年前这一数字为 68%，四年前则为 60%)”结合全文内容可知，文章首段以WWF报告引出1970至2018年野生动物种群数量平均下降69%的现象，随后通过各地区数据、专家观点进一步说明这一趋势，核心围绕“野生动物种群数量急剧下降”展开，由此可知，B选项“野生动物数量急剧下降”最能概括全文主旨，是文章的最佳标题。 4 13．C 14．D 15．B 16．G 17．F 【解析】文章主要介绍了传统对于人类社会的重要意义，分四个方面阐述传承传统的价值。 13．由上文“Traditions are the heartbeat of human society.(传统是人类社会的核心。)”以及下文“They are living stories passed down through generations that shape our identity and connect us to our roots.(它们是代代相传鲜活的故事，塑造我们的身份，联结我们的根源。)”可知，空格处应承接上文，引出对传统内涵的进一步解释。C选项“They are more than just ceremonies and customs.(它们不只是仪式与习俗。)”能承上启下，符合题意，选项中“They”指代上文“Traditions”。 14．由上文“For example, Thanksgiving in the U.S. preserves the spirit of gratitude and historical reflection.(例如美国感恩节留存感恩与回望历史的精神。)”以及下文“They become disconnected from the stories, music, foods, and values that make them different.(人们会与那些造就自身独特性的故事、音乐、美食与价值割裂。)”可知，空格处表达缺失传统带来的负面后果。D选项“Without traditions, societies risk losing their uniqueness.(没有传统，社会会面临失去独特性的风险。)”能承上启下，符合题意，选项中“losing their uniqueness”与下文“disconnected from... that make them different”相呼应。 15．由下文“Traditions are the glue that holds families and communities together. Shared practices create a sense of belonging, offering people the comfort of knowing they are part of something larger. Whether it’s a weekly dinner or an annual reunion, these moments build trust and deepen relationships across generations.(传统是凝聚家庭与社群的粘合剂。共有的习俗会催生归属感，让人们心安地意识到自己归属于一个更庞大的集体。无论是每周一次的家宴，还是一年一度的团圆聚会，这些时刻都能建立信任，加深代际之间的情感联结。)”可知，整段围绕传统稳固家庭、社群关系展开。B选项“Strengthening family and community bonds.(巩固家庭与社群纽带。)”可概括本段主旨，适合作为本段小标题，选项中“family and community bonds”与“holds families and communities together”相呼应。 16．由上文“When we’re under stress, most of us can find comfort in returning to familiar customs.(身处压力时，多数人能从熟悉的习俗中获得慰藉。)”可知，空格处承接上文，说明熟悉习俗带来的作用。G选项“That sense of familiarity gives us the strength to face whatever comes next.(这份熟悉感赋予我们直面未来一切的力量。)”能承接上文，符合题意，选项中“That sense of familiarity”对应上文“familiar customs”。 17．由上文“Life is a journey marked by important milestones — births, weddings, anniversaries, etc.(人生旅途布满重要里程碑：出生、婚礼、周年纪念等。)”以及下文“They turn personal achievements into shared joy, strengthening bonds and creating lasting memories.(它们将个人成就转化为共同喜悦，加固联结、留存长久回忆。)”可知，空格处衔接里程碑与传统的关联。F选项“Traditions provide meaningful ways to celebrate these milestones.(传统提供富有意义的方式来庆祝这些里程碑。)”能承上启下，符合题意，选项中“these milestones”指代前文“births, weddings, anniversaries”，下文“They”指代本句“Traditions”。 附加题：结合上述阅读语篇的内容，完成对表格所给句子有关主谓一致用法的分析。 来源 原句 句子结构分析 主谓一致用法分析 1 阅读理解1 When I took Amy home from the animal shelter, she was scared. 复合句 时间状语从句：I（主语，单数人称代词）took（谓语）； 主句：she（主语，第三人称单数代词）was（系动词谓语，单数）； 表语：scared 规则1：单数第三人称人称代词（he/she/it）作主语，谓语动词用单数形式 she为单数代词，对应系动词was，不能用were；同类：it is, he likes。 2 With a lot of care and attention, she became a great dog that surprised us every day. 主句：she（单数主语）became（谓语）a great dog（宾语）； 定语从句：先行词a great dog（单数可数名词）；关系代词that作从句主语；surprised（从句谓语，单数） 规则2：定语从句谓语单复数由先行词决定 先行词为单数名词a dog，从句谓语用单数；若先行词是复数dogs，则从句谓语用复数surprise。 3 阅读理解2 Economics is the study of how rare resources are distributed. 简单句 主语：Economics（学科名词）；系动词：is（单数谓语）；表语：the study… 规则3：以-s结尾的学科、疾病类抽象名词（economics, physics, maths）作主语，谓语一律用单数 这类词汇形式复数、概念单一，无复数含义，固定搭配单数谓语。 4 our invisible yet extremely valuable attention is the limiting factor 简单句 主语：attention（抽象不可数名词）；谓语：is（单数系动词）；表语：the limiting factor 规则4：抽象不可数名词（attention, time, water, love）单独作主语，谓语动词用单数 不可数名词无复数概念，永远搭配单数谓语。 5 阅读理解3 The earth’s wildlife populations have decreased by an average of 69% between 1970 and 2018. 简单句 主语：populations（复数可数名词）；谓语：have decreased（复数现在完成时谓语） 规则5：复数可数名词作主语，谓语动词使用复数形式 population表“多个地区种群”时为复数，谓语用have；表单一整体人口时为单数：The population is large。 6 Latin America and the Caribbean region has seen the steepest decline in average wildlife population size. 简单句 主语：Latin America and the Caribbean region（并列专有地名，单一整体区域）；谓语：has seen（单数谓语） 规则6：并列专有地名、国家名表单一地理整体时，谓语用单数；若指两个独立主体则用复数 本句两个地区同属美洲板块，视为一个整体，故用has不用have。 7 阅读理解4 Traditions are the heartbeat of human society. 简单句 主语：Traditions（复数可数名词）；谓语：are（复数系动词）；表语：the heartbeat… 规则7：复数普通名词作主语，系动词/实义动词均用复数形式 单数tradition搭配is，复数traditions固定搭配are。 8 Some of them started talking to me about their own pets. 简单句 主语：Some of them（of后接复数代词them，中心概念为复数）；谓语：started（复数谓语） 规则8：some of + 复数名词/复数代词，谓语用复数；some of + 不可数名词/单数名词，谓语用单数 本句them是复数代词，谓语用复数started；对比：Some of the water is gone（water不可数，谓语单数is）。 二、 18．A 19．D 20．B 21．C 22．A 23．B 24．C 25．D 26．A 27．B 28．D 29．A 30．C 31．B 32．D 【解析】文章讲述切尔西因母亲离世变得自卑脆弱，在户外探险的高空绳索项目中，她在同伴的鼓励下勇敢坚持，最终成功完成挑战，虽疲惫却倍感自豪。 18．考查介词和动词。句意：切尔西上五年级时，母亲在与癌症抗争后去世。A. following在……之后；B. winning赢得；C. fearing害怕；D. ignoring忽视。结合前文“Her mother had died”可知，母亲是抗癌失败后离世。 19．考查动词。句意：升入六年级时，切尔西依旧内心痛苦。A. emerging出现；B. focusing专注；C. negotiating协商；D. hurting痛苦。根据上文“Her mother had died”可知，母亲离世让她一直深陷悲伤之中。 20．考查名词。句意：每年秋天，我们都会带领六年级学生前往林间的沃尔夫里奇学习中心，开展为期五天的户外探险活动。A. celebration庆祝；B. adventure探险；C. delay延误；D. protest抗议。根据后文克服挑战、高空绳索课程等内容，可知这是探险活动。 21．考查副词。句意：这一周的活动包含团队建设，以及战胜那些起初看似无法完成的挑战。A. actually实际上；B. finally最终；C. initially起初；D. officially正式地。结合上文“The week is filled with team building and overcoming challenges that”可知，挑战在最开始会让人觉得难以完成。 22．考查名词。句意：学生们在沃尔夫里奇的成长经历，也成为我们教导他们应对学业挑战的一种隐喻。A. growth成长；B. recipe秘诀；C. state状态；D. dream梦想。根据后文“becomes a metaphor we will use when they encounter challenges in the classroom”可知，学生在此克服挑战、得到成长，这段经历具有借鉴意义。 23．考查形容词最高级。句意：最难的项目是高空冒险绳索课程，绳索架在两座高塔之间，离地四十英尺。A. lowest最低的；B. toughest最难的；C. funniest最有趣的；D. latest最新的。根据后文“where the rope stretches from tower to tower, forty feet above the ground”可知，高空绳索项目难度大、令人畏惧，是所有项目里最难的。 24．考查形容词。句意：我知道切尔西必定会害怕这项体验。A. ashamed羞愧的；B. ready准备好的；C. bound必定的；D. unable不能的。根据后文“Chelsea was already shaking”结合她缺乏自信且经历丧母之痛的状态，她一定会畏惧高空项目，be bound to表示“必定”。 25．考查名词。句意：轮到她上场时，切尔西已经浑身发抖。A. field场地；B. style风格；C. fault过错；D. turn轮次。根据后文“Chelsea was already shaking”可知，该切尔西上场了，it is one’s turn意为“轮到某人”。 26．考查形容词。句意：安全带能保护身体，却无法带来多少心理上的慰藉。A. mental心理的；B. potential潜在的；C. previous先前的；D. occasional偶然的。根据上文“The harness protected the body, but not much”可知，安全带仅起到防护作用，无法缓解她内心的恐惧，对应心理层面。 27．考查动词短语。句意：切尔西犹豫地踏上绳索，她颤抖的身体让绳索晃得更厉害了。A. relying on依靠；B. adding to增加；C. holding back阻挡；D. taking over接管。根据上文“Chelsea stepped hesitantly onto the rope, her shaking body”可知，身体的晃动加剧了绳索的摇摆。 28．考查形容词。句意：受到鼓舞，切尔西迈出脚步，慢慢一点点向前挪动。A. Astonished惊讶的；B. Annoyed恼怒的；C. Confused困惑的；D. Inspired受鼓舞的。根据上文“Chelsea, you’re doing great!”可知，下方同伴不断加油，让她受到鼓舞并开始前行。 29．考查名词。句意：当她走到绳索中间时，我们能感受到她内心的挣扎。A. struggle挣扎；B. criticism批评；C. energy精力；D. liberation解脱。根据上文“When she moved to the middle of the rope,”可知，此处指身处高空绳索中央，她内心充满纠结与挣扎（不知道继续前进还是放弃）。 30．考查名词。句意：同学们围在下面，一边不断鼓掌加油，一边齐步向前，跟切尔西缓慢而稳健的推进步伐保持一致。A. supplies物资；B. funds资金；C. cheers欢呼、鼓励；D. shelters庇护所。结合上文“Her classmates had gathered below and kept offering”以及“Chelsea, you’re doing great!”可知，同学们不断呐喊加油。 31．考查动词。句意：同学们围在下面，一边不断鼓掌加油，一边齐步向前，跟切尔西缓慢而稳健的推进步伐保持一致。A. predicting预测；B. matching匹配、配合；C. expanding拓展；D. reducing减少。根据后文“Chelsea’s slow, step-by-step progress”指大家放慢脚步，配合她的行进速度。 32．考查动词。句意：最终她抵达终点，疲惫地倒在等候的同学们怀中，虽然筋疲力尽却满心自豪。A. assembling集合；B. persevering坚持；C. dominating支配；D. collapsing瘫倒。根据后文“in the waiting arms of classmates, worn out but proud.”可知，完成艰难的挑战后她身心俱疲，瘫倒在同学怀里。 三、 33．wonders 34．making 35．the 36．welcomed 37．with 38．to experience 39．where 40．excitement 41．Surrounded 42．unexpected 【原文】文章主要介绍了贵州省的天然溶洞凤鸣洞被改造为草根篮球“村BA”的活动场地，在这里举办了有国际参与者参与的篮球友谊赛，天然洞穴被打造为充满活力的文化交流场所，让国际访客感受到了体育精神的独特感染力。 33．考查名词。句意：在贵州省的崇山峻岭之下，藏着一些令人惊叹的自然奇观：经过数百万年形成的巨大岩石洞穴。wonder此处作“自然奇观”讲，是可数名词，被some修饰，需要变复数wonders。 34．考查非谓语动词。句意：许多这类天然洞穴拥有独特的声学特性和稳定的温度，让它们成为聚会、演出甚至体育赛事的理想场地。句子已有谓语动词possess，空处作非谓语，逻辑主语是前文整句话，与动词make是主动关系，用现在分词making作结果状语。 35．考查冠词。句意：黑水镇的居民充分利用这份自然馈赠，将凤鸣洞改造为一个充满活力的篮球场地。固定短语make the most of意为“充分利用”，故用定冠词the。 36．考查时态。句意：坐落于贵州省沿河土家族自治县的凤鸣洞，在3月28日迎来了来自世界各地的客人。空处作谓语，句中有明确的过去时间状语on March 28，描述过去发生的动作，用一般过去时。 37．考查介词。句意：当地居民和2026中国故事伙伴计划的国际参与者的一场友谊赛，让洞穴里充满了欢呼与呐喊，拍篮球的声响在高耸的岩厅中回荡。固定搭配fill...with...意为“使……充满……”，故用介词with。 38．考查非谓语动词。句意：这场比赛给来访的内容创作者提供了一个难得的机会，去体验中国被称为“村BA”的草根篮球现象，在这里，社区精神、本土自豪感和对运动的热情融合在了一起。名词opportunity表示“机会”，后面常接动词不定式作后置定语。 39．考查定语从句。句意：这场比赛给来访的内容创作者提供了一个难得的机会，去体验中国被称为“村BA”的草根篮球现象，在这里，社区精神、本土自豪感和对运动的热情融合在了一起。空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词“Village BA”是抽象地点，从句中缺少地点状语，用关系副词where引导。 40．考查名词。句意：在令人惊叹的、岩石环绕的洞顶之下，球员和观众共享这份激动，将天然洞穴变成了一个充满活力的文化交流场地。定冠词the后需要接名词作宾语，动词excite的名词形式是excitement，意为“激动，兴奋”。 41．考查非谓语动词。句意：被高耸的岩层环绕，又被当地人群的热情鼓舞，他们发现体育精神哪怕在最意想不到的地方也能蓬勃发展。句子已有谓语discovered，空处作非谓语，主语they和动词surround之间是被动关系，用过去分词surrounded作状语，句首单词首字母需要大写。 42．考查形容词。句意：被高耸的岩层环绕，又被当地人群的热情鼓舞，他们发现体育精神哪怕在最意想不到的地方也能蓬勃发展。此处需要形容词修饰名词places，结合语境，在溶洞深处开展篮球活动是出乎意料的，因此用expected的否定形式unexpected，意为“意想不 四、 Dear fellow students, Since the new term began, many of us have lived a sitting-too-long life, sparing little time for exercise because of changeable weather and busy schoolwork. Lack of exercise may make us tired easily and even fall ill. Actually we can do simple easy sports in daily life: we can stretch or walk around during class breaks, choose stairs instead of elevators, and take a light jog around the playground after dinner. Good health supports better study. Let’s take action and start exercising right now! The Students’ Union 【解析】本篇书面表达要求考生写一篇倡议书，针对学生缺乏锻炼的现象提出建议并发出倡议。 1. 词汇积累 留出：spare→set aside 缺少：lack of→shortage of 疲惫的：tired→exhausted 支持：support→back up 2. 句式拓展 简单句改为复合句 原句：Lack of exercise may make us tired easily and even fall ill. 拓展句：Because we lack exercise, it is likely that we get tired easily and even fall ill. 【点睛】【高分句型1】Since the new term began, many of us have lived a sitting-too-long life, sparing little time for exercise because of changeable weather and busy schoolwork.(使用了Since引导时间状语从句、现在分词sparing作状语) 【高分句型2】Let’s take action and start exercising right now! (使用了祈使句和动名词作宾语) ( 1 / 2 )学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $