专题09 定语从句（结构化知识+题型提升练）2027年高考英语一轮复习能力突破

该高中英语高考复习学案系统梳理了定语从句专题核心考点，涵盖关系词分类、限定与非限定从句对比、高频考点（如只能用that/which的场景、介词+关系代词等），通过真题分析表格（2026年全国Ⅰ卷实例）和结构化知识清单，引导学生从先行词、关系词成分等角度自主构建知识网络，体现考点梳理的系统性和层次性。 亮点在于知识结构化与能力提升的融合设计，如基础练习中的语法填空和句子改写任务，强化练中的附加题用定语从句合并句子活动，培养学生语言能力和思维品质。开篇真题分析帮助学生自主诊断薄弱点，分层练习（基础与强化）支持个性化复习，教师可通过学生练习反馈精准指导，助力因材施教。

2027年高考英语一轮复习能力突破（结构化知识+题型提升练） 专题09 定语从句 目录 第一部分 必备知识结构化清单 梳理必备的语言知识点，夯实语言基础能力 第二部分 知识运用题型强化练 必备知识与能力提升练，提升语言运用能力 ◇Part 01 必备知识结构化清单 知｜识｜清｜单 真题分析 【真题再现】 【2026年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试(全国Ⅰ卷)】阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Daji, or big open-air fairs, typically take place on specific dates of the lunar calendar, for example, on dates with five or seven as the last digit. It is also common for them ____56____ (hold) during traditional Chinese holidays such as the Spring Festival and the Mid-Autumn Festival, as well as other local festivals. The exact dates and ____57____ (frequent) of daji vary from region to region. Daji originated from the ancient folk custom of trading goods, which dates back to ____58____ Han Dynasty. As transportation and communication ____59____ (be) underdeveloped at that time, it was very difficult for households to obtain daily ____60____ (necessity). As a solution, people gathered at specific locations on set days to trade their surplus (剩余的) items ____61____ what they needed. In addition to being venues for buying and selling, daji are occasions for socializing and entertainment. People from near and far crowd into these markets on daji days. ____62____ (draw) by the aroma (香味) of street food, they line up in front of stands ____63____ serve steaming dumplings and hot noodle soup. While eating and enjoying street performances, they chat with each other and share stories of their daily lives. Before ____64____ (head) home, they fill their shopping bags with fresh fruit and vegetables from local farmers, at prices significantly ____65____ (cheap) than those found in supermarkets. （答案：56. to be held 57. frequency 58. the 59. were 60. necessities 61. for 62. Drawn 63. that/which 64. heading 65. cheaper） 【要点分析】 语篇中定语从句的使用分析 原句 定语从句 先行词 关系词 关系词在从句中所作成分 用法分析 1 Daji originated from the ancient folk custom of trading goods, which dates back to the Han Dynasty. which dates back to the Han Dynasty the ancient folk custom（指物，集市的古老民间习俗） which 从句主语 1. 逗号分隔，属于非限制性定语从句； 2. 先行词为事物，只能用which，不可替换that； 3. 关系词在从句内部作主语，从句谓语动词dates与先行词custom保持单数一致； 4. 从句用于补充说明先行词的起源背景，去掉后主句句意依然完整。 2 62 (draw) by the aroma (香味) of street food, they line up in front of stands 63 serve steaming dumplings and hot noodle soup. that serve steaming dumplings and hot noodle soup stands（摊位，指物） that（也可换which） 从句主语 1. 无逗号分隔，属于限制性定语从句，修饰限定先行词stands，区分“卖热食的摊位”和其他摊位，删除后主句语义不完整； 2. 先行词为事物，关系词that/which均可； 3. 关系词在从句中充当主语，谓语动词serve与复数先行词stands匹配，用原形； 4. 从句紧跟先行词stands后，直接限定名词，无间隔。 知识回顾 定语从句修饰名词/代词（先行词），由关系词引导，放在先行词后，分为限定性、非限定性两类。 一、关系词的分类 类别 关系词 指代对象 在从句中所作成分 关系代词 that 人 / 物 主语、宾语 which 物 主语、宾语 who 人 主语 whom 人 宾语 whose 人 / 物 定语（表“……的”） as 人 / 物 / 整句话 主、宾 关系副词 when 表时间名词 时间状语 where 表地点/抽象地点名词 地点状语 why 表原因名词reason 原因状语 二、关系代词that / which / who / whom / whose的 用法 关系词 使用规则 例句 that 1. 指代人或物 2. 限定性从句可用，非限定绝对不能用 3. 作宾语可省略 1. The book that you bought is great. 你买的那本书很好。（物，宾语） 2. The girl that stands there is my classmate. 站在那里的女孩是我同学。（人，主语） which 1. 只指代事物 2. 限定/非限定从句均可 3. 介词后只能用which 1. This pen, which my dad gave me, works well. 这支爸爸送我的钢笔很好用。（非限定） 2. The house in which we live is old. 我们住的房子很老旧。（介词+which） who 只指代人，在从句作主语 The teacher who helped me is very patient. 帮助我的那位老师十分耐心。 whom 只指代人，在从句作宾语；口语可用who替换 The boy whom we met yesterday is a singer. 我们昨天遇见的男孩是一名歌手。 whose 表所属，人/物都能用，后接名词 结构：whose + n. = of whom / of which + n. 1. I know the girl whose mother is a doctor. 我认识那个妈妈是医生的女孩。（人） 2. We saw a tree whose leaves turn red. 我们看见了一棵叶子变红的树。（物） 三、关系副词 when / where / why 的用法 关系副词 先行词类型 作从句的成分 同义替换结构 例句 when time, day, moment, year 等时间名词 时间状语 介词+which（in/on/during which） I still remember the day when we first met. =the day on which we first met 我依然记得我们初次相遇的那天。 where 1. 地点：school, park, factory 2. 抽象地点：situation, stage, case, point 地点状语 介词+which（in/at which） We reached a point where we had to give up. 我们到了不得不放弃的地步。（抽象地点） why 仅先行词reason 原因状语 for which Tell me the reason why you missed class. =the reason for which you missed class 告诉我你旷课的原因。 四、限定性定语从句 与非限定性定语从句的对比 对比维度 限定性定语从句 非限定性定语从句 标点 无逗号，紧跟先行词 用逗号和主句隔开 that 可以使用 绝对不能用that 关系词省略 关系词作宾语时可省略 任何关系词都不能省略 指代整句话 不可以 which / as 可指代前面整件事 删减影响 删掉后主句意思不完整 删掉后主句语义完整，仅补充额外信息 例句 The man who is wearing glasses is my uncle.戴眼镜的男人是我叔叔。 My uncle, who wears glasses, likes reading. 我叔叔喜欢看书，他戴着眼镜。 五、关于定语从句的高频考点 专题1：只能用that，不能用which/who 的6种场景 适用情况 例句 1. 先行词同时包含人+物 They talked about the teachers and schools that they visited. 他们聊了拜访过的老师和学校。 2. 先行词为不定代词 all, everything, nothing, something 等 All that he said is true. 他说的所有话都是真的。 3. 先行词被最高级修饰 This is the most moving story that I’ve ever heard. 这是我听过最感人的故事。 4. 先行词被序数词修饰 This is the first task that we need to finish. 这是我们要完成的第一项任务。 5. 先行词被the only, the very, every, all 修饰 He is the only person that understands me. 他是唯一懂我的人。 6. 主句以who/which开头疑问，避免重复 Who that breaks the rule will be punished. 任何违反规则的人都会受处罚。 专题2：只能用which，不能用that 的2种场景 ①介词后作宾语：This is the room in which we study. ②非限制性定语从句：The rain lasted three days, which ruined our trip. 专题3：介词+关系代词 结构（介词选择3大依据） 介词选择依据 例句 1. 看从句动词固定搭配 This is the girl with whom I work.（work with） 这是和我共事的女孩。 2. 看先行词固定搭配 I’ll never forget the day on which we graduated.（on the day） 3. 看句子逻辑含义 The house through which we walked is ancient. 我们穿过的那栋房子很古老。 专题4：as 和 which 引导非限制性定语从句的区分 区别点 as which 位置 可放主句前、中、后 只能放在主句末尾 翻译 正如、如同 这一点、这件事 固定搭配 as we know, as is known to all 无固定搭配 例句 As we all know, practice makes perfect.众所周知，熟能生巧。 He failed the exam, which made his mom sad.他考试失利，这让他妈妈很难过。 基｜础｜练｜习 一、阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Smart home technology is transforming the way we live. Devices that 1 (consider) luxuries a few years ago are now becoming 2 (necessity) in many households. From voice-controlled assistants to automated lighting systems, these innovations promise to make our lives 3 (convenient) and efficient than before. However, experts warn that this convenience comes at 4 cost. Privacy (隐私) concerns have emerged as a major issue. 5 many devices collecting vast amounts of personal data. A recent study has revealed that smart speakers can 6 (accident) activate and record private conversations without users’ knowledge. 7 worries privacy advocates most is that some devices continue to collect data even when they are turned off. Despite these risks, the smart home market continues to grow rapidly. Analysts predict that in the near future, nearly every new home 8 (feature) some form of smart technology. The key challenge lies in balancing innovation with security, 9 ensures that convenience does not compromise our fundamental right to privacy. 10 (drive) by such concerns, manufacturers are now racing to develop better encryption (加密) methods. 【答案】1．were considered 2．necessities 3．more convenient 4．a 5．with 6．accidentally 7．What 8．will feature 9．which 10．Driven 【解析】文章介绍智能家居的利弊及行业应对隐私问题的举措。 1．考查时态和语态。句意：几年前被视为奢侈品的设备如今正成为许多家庭的必需品。根据时间状语“a few years ago”可知，描述过去的情况，应用一般过去时；主语that指代先行词Devices，与consider构成被动关系，用一般过去时的被动语态，且主语是复数，be动词用were。 2．考查名词复数。句意：几年前被视为奢侈品的设备如今正成为许多家庭的必需品。necessity为可数名词，此处表示泛指各类必需品，应用复数形式necessities。 3．考查形容词比较级。句意：从声控助手到自动照明系统，这些创新有望让我们的生活比以往更加便捷高效。根据than before可知应用比较级，convenient的比较级是more convenient。 4．考查冠词。句意：然而，专家警告说这种便利是有代价的。at a cost为固定搭配，意为“付出代价”。 5．考查介词。句意：由于许多设备收集大量个人数据，隐私问题已成为主要担忧。此处为with复合结构“with + 名词 + 现在分词”，作伴随状语。 6．考查副词。句意：一项最新研究显示，智能音箱可能会在用户不知情的情况下意外激活并录制私人对话。空处修饰动词activate，应用副词形式accidentally作状语，表示“意外地”。 7．考查主语从句。句意：最让隐私倡导者担忧的是，有些设备即使在关机状态下仍会继续收集数据。空处引导主语从句，并在从句中作主语，表示“所……的事物”，应用what引导，位于句首，首字母大写。 8．考查动词时态。句意：分析师预测，在不久的将来，几乎每一套新住宅都将配备某种形式的智能技术。根据时间状语“in the near future”可知，应用一般将来时will feature。 9．考查定语从句。句意：关键挑战在于如何平衡创新与安全，这能确保便利不会损害我们基本的隐私权。空处引导非限制性定语从句，指代前面整个主句的内容，并在从句中作主语，应用which引导。 10．考查非谓语动词。句意：在这种担忧的推动下，制造商们正竞相开发更先进的加密方法。主语manufacturers与drive之间为逻辑上的被动关系，应用过去分词短语driven作状语，位于句首，首字母大写。 二、根据上述语篇的相关内容，按要求用定语从句改写句子。 原句 要求 合并后的句子 1 ① Some devices were considered luxuries a few years ago. ② The devices are now becoming necessities in many households. 用限制性定语从句合并两句，先行词为devices 2 ① Many smart home devices collect vast amounts of personal data. ② The devices are widely used in modern households. 用限制性定语从句合并两句，先行词为devices 3 ① Smart speakers can accidentally activate and record private conversations. ② The smart speakers store users’ private information secretly. 用限制性定语从句合并两句，先行词为smart speakers 4 ① The key challenge lies in balancing innovation with security. ② This thing ensures that convenience does not compromise our fundamental right to privacy. 用非限制性定语从句合并两句，which指代前文整件事 5 ① Manufacturers are racing to develop better encryption methods. ② The encryption methods can protect users’ personal data. 用限制性定语从句合并两句，先行词为encryption methods 【参考答案】 原句 要求 合并后的句子 1 ① Some devices were considered luxuries a few years ago. ② The devices are now becoming necessities in many households. 用限制性定语从句合并两句，先行词为devices Devices that were considered luxuries a few years ago are now becoming necessities in many households. 2 ① Many smart home devices collect vast amounts of personal data. ② The devices are widely used in modern households. 用限制性定语从句合并两句，先行词为devices Many smart home devices that are widely used in modern households collect vast amounts of personal data. 3 ① Smart speakers can accidentally activate and record private conversations. ② The smart speakers store users’ private information secretly. 用限制性定语从句合并两句，先行词为smart speakers Smart speakers that can accidentally activate and record private conversations store users’ private information secretly. 4 ① The key challenge lies in balancing innovation with security. ② This thing ensures that convenience does not compromise our fundamental right to privacy. 用非限制性定语从句合并两句，which指代前文整件事 The key challenge lies in balancing innovation with security, which ensures that convenience does not compromise our fundamental right to privacy. 5 ① Manufacturers are racing to develop better encryption methods. ② The encryption methods can protect users’ personal data. 用限制性定语从句合并两句，先行词为encryption methods Manufacturers are racing to develop better encryption methods that can protect users’ personal data. ◇Part 02 知识运用题型强化练 一、阅读理解 1 Reading shouldn’t be a one-way street. With this Smart Annotation (批注) Kit, you move from being a passive reader to an active thinker. This kit helps you: ● Capture your thoughts — write down questions, connections, and ideas as they come to you. ● Remember more — research shows that handwriting improves memory and comprehension. ● Read with purpose — use colors and notes to track themes, characters, or key arguments. ● Make books yours — turn every book you read into a personal record of your thinking journey. Whether you’re studying for an exam, preparing for a book club, or just reading for pleasure, this kit gives you the tools to engage deeply with every page. What’s Included ● 3 color-coded highlighters (yellow, pink, blue) ● 2 fine-tip pens (black, red) ● 50 repositionable sticky notes ● 1 quick-start guide     How to Use Step 1: Read actively. As you read, underline key sentences or put question marks next to confusing parts. Step 2: Add your marks. Use different colors for different purposes. For example: yellow indicates main ideas; pink marks surprising or important facts; blue records personal reflections or unresolved questions. Step 3: Write short notes. Brief phrases such as “definition,” “contrast,” or “see page 23” are written next to relevant passages. Step 4: Review your notes. After each chapter, revisit annotations to strengthen long-term memory and identify patterns across the text. Limitations Permanent markers should not be used on borrowed or library copies. For those unwilling to write directly on pages, repositionable sticky notes offer an alternative. The kit contains small parts and must be kept away from children under three years of age. 1．What is the Smart Annotation Kit designed for? A．Fast reading skills. B．Library book care. C．Colourful expression. D．Active reading habits. 2．What should users do after marking puzzling parts? A．Review each chapter. B．Write short notes nearby. C．Skip to the next page. D．Change highlighter colors. 3．Who are most likely to use sticky notes? A．Book collectors. B．Library users. C．Literature explorers. D．Art learners. 2 Throwing oneself in native plants may not seem like a recipe for success as a social media influencer. But meet Kyle Lybarger. It all started with what Lybarger now recognizes as a terrible mistake. About a decade ago, he was managing a private forest where the owner let him hunt. The land included an open area, where he decided to plant food for wildlife. He sprayed (喷洒) it with herbicide (除草剂), put down seeds and cut down some trees to let in more light. In the dry, shallow soil, the seeds didn’t take. But around the edges of the area, where he hadn’t sprayed or seeded, the additional sunlight released a beautiful surprise. “I came back up the next summer and it was just like color everywhere, really crazy-looking plants,” says Lybarger. “I feel like I should know what this plant is.” After he posted photos of the flowers on Facebook, an expert pointed out some rare and endangered species. Lybarger realized that he had killed off an area with a wild seed bank of countless species that were ideal for attracting wildlife, all in order to plant two or three species that weren’t part of the native ecosystem. Lybarger, a forester by training, found a mission: to save these native species. In a state where more than 90% of the land is privately owned, that has meant knocking on doors to speak with landowners who are unknowing hosts to rare plants. One morning last spring found Lybarger chatting with Pat Eaton, who has a spot of endangered glade cress growing on her family’s property. A few miles away, Lybarger pointed out another endangered species that his social media followers had been instrumental in protecting. Lybarger thinks his biggest contribution comes through education on social media, influencing people to grow the native plants that best support declining pollinators (传粉昆虫) and other insects. “One person, one yard, one-tenth of an acre can make a bigger difference than you think,” he says. 4．What was Lybarger’s mistake? A．He mixed seeds up. B．He removed the soil. C．He posted photos online. D．He killed native species. 5．Why did Lybarger visit landowners? A．To purchase their properties. B．To protect private land plants. C．To teach planting skills. D．To seek hunting permission. 6．What does Lybarger do through social media? A．Keep track of his daily work. B．Build up his reputation. C．Educate people about local plants. D．Offer professional training. 7．What is the text about? A．A forester’s mission shift. B．A herbicide spraying method. C．Endangered plant species. D．Tips for becoming an influencer. 3 Scammers (骗子) are becoming tricky, turning to the Internet to better cheat their targets out of money. This includes using deep fakes (冒充者) to present themselves as someone else. Now, AI is being used in the fightback with Telecom Company O2 applying an AI granny in the action. Daisy, an AI grandma created by British Telecom Company O2 as the cleverest scam fighter, is a new AI tool with the voice of a grandmother designed to talk with scammers and “waste as much of their time as possible”. Basically, she rambles on (絮叨) about anything and everything to keep them away from real people. While Daisy may sound like a human, she is actually an AI large language model with the character application of a grandma. The company worked with known scam artists to train Daisy and used a method called Number Seeding to get Daisy’s phone number added to a list of online “mugs lists” — lists used by scammers targeting UK users. She functions by listening to the scammers and translating their voice to text. The AI then searches its large database to find a suitable reply, based on the specific scam training she’s received, and translates that text answer to speech for Daisy to reply. All this happens in seconds with no additional input needed. The goal is to keep the scammer on the phone for as long as possible by trapping them in a lifelike, but lengthy conversation. “Daisy is turning the tables on scammers — outsmarting them at their own pitiless game simply by keeping them on the line,” Murray Mackenzie, Director of Fraud at O2, explained. O2 also hopes to draw attention to scams by warning users to be careful about who they may be speaking to. “No matter how good someone on the other end of the phone may be, they aren’t always who you think they are,” Murray said. “In terms of tips and tricks, whether you’re shopping online, reviewing your emails, or receiving an out-of-the-blue phone call, it’s important to always remain watchful.” 8．How does the AI granny fight against scammers? A．By taking up scammers’ time. B．By keeping scammers interested. C．By telling scammers funny stories. D．By talking scammers into quitting. 9．Why does Daisy receive scam training? A．To recognize scammers’ tricks. B．To react to scammers properly. C．To improve her translation skills. D．To make herself more creative. 10．What do the underlined words “turning the tables on” probably mean? A．Serving. B．Educating. C．Tracking. D．Defeating. 11．What is Murray’s suggestion to the users? A．Stop answering calls. B．Use particular software. C．Raise anti-scam awareness. D．Avoid shopping online. 4 Social responsibility means caring about others and doing things to make the world a better place. Many young people wonder where to start, but the answer is simple. 12 One way is through community service. Take 16-year-old Lila from Toronto for example. She noticed many elderly people in her neighborhood felt lonely. She started a “Chat & Help” group with her classmates, visiting seniors every weekend, helping with shopping, and teaching them basic phone skills. 13 More than 50 elders looked forward to their weekly visits. Such acts let you see direct results and learn to understand others’ needs. 14 A group of high school students in Portland, Oregon, saw rubbish in their local park and rivers. Instead of waiting for others to act, they organized monthly clean-up days and put up signs about recycling. Their efforts not only made the area cleaner but also inspired other schools to start similar projects. Listening to others and using your voice also build responsibility. When 17-year-old Marcus from Chicago learned that some students at his school could not afford lunch, he did not stay silent. 15 Then he presented a plan to the school for a free lunch program for poor students. His courage to speak up led to a change that helped over 80 students. Finally, reflecting on your actions helps grow responsibility. After volunteering or helping others, take time to think about what you have learned and how you can do better next time. 16 Remember, social responsibility is not a task to check off but a way of life that makes you and the world around you stronger. A．Within six months, over 30 teens joined. B．He collected data about those needy students. C．He does not need to solve big problems alone. D．Caring for the environment shows responsibility. E．Just begin with what you know and who you can help. F．This habit turns one-time acts into lifelong care for others. G．Small acts like reducing plastic use help take responsibility. 附加题：结合上述阅读语篇的内容，按照表格中的改写要求用定语从句合并句子。 题号 阅读语篇原文中提取的句子 改写要求 合并后的句子 1 ①This kit helps you capture your thoughts. ②Your thoughts come to you as you read. 用关系代词指代事物，合并两句，使用限制性定语从句 2 ①The kit includes 3 color-coded highlighters. ②The highlighters are yellow, pink and blue. 用which引导定语从句修饰先行词highlighters 3 ①You should not use permanent markers on library copies. ②Library copies are borrowed books. 用that引导定语从句修饰library copies 4 ①Readers can use sticky notes. ②The sticky notes are repositionable. 合并句子，用which修饰先行词sticky notes 5 ①Lybarger knocked on doors to talk with landowners. ②The landowners host rare native plants unknowingly. 用who引导定语从句修饰指人的先行词landowners 6 ①He found an open area. ②He decided to plant food for wildlife in the area. 用where引导表地点的定语从句修饰an open area 7 ①He discovered lots of wild plant species. ②The species are ideal for attracting wildlife. 用that引导定语从句修饰plant species 8 ①Daisy is a new AI tool. ②The tool is created by O2 to fight against scammers. 用which引导定语从句修饰AI tool 9 ①Scammers use online “mugs lists”. ②The lists store phone numbers of UK users. 合并两句，which指代先行词mugs lists 10 ①Marcus presented a plan to his school. ②The plan provided free lunch for poor students. 用that引导限制性定语从句修饰先行词a plan 二、完形填空 Many of us have seen elderly people working long after their peers (同龄人) have retired. For some, it is a(n) 17 . It keeps them busy and their minds sharp. But for others, every single shift is a 18 — aching bodies pushing through exhaustion, just to 19 . Robert retired 13 years ago, but when his wife suddenly fell ill, he began working as a delivery driver. “Not many employers want to 20 us at our age,” Robert said. So the elderly man threw himself into work with a quiet stubbornness (顽强) that 21 younger delivery drivers half his age. While they 22 wait times and declined low-paying 23 , Robert accepted them all. One afternoon, homeowner Anna happened to 24 her Ring camera and saw Robert struggling through pouring rain, 25 the coffee with his jacket as he climbed her porch steps (门廊阶梯). She was so 26 that she stormed inside and questioned her daughter, “Why did you have to order coffee on a rainy day? You have two legs and a 27 five feet away.” Then she posted the video online, and started a GoFundMe for Robert. Within five days, strangers donated nearly $1 million. Anna was so moved by the 28 of strangers that she personally handed Robert the check. Robert is 29 , but says he still wants to deliver 30 . He says the work gave him a sense of purpose when he needed it most, and he won’t 31 it now that he simply doesn’t. 17．A．memory B．choice C．challenge D．experience 18．A．struggle B．warning C．proof D．relief 19．A．insist B．escape C．relax D．survive 20．A．consult B．honour C．hire D．assist 21．A．surprised B．shamed C．threatened D．convinced 22．A．put aside B．relied on C．narrowed down D．complained about 23．A．orders B．routes C．excuses D．requests 24．A．sell B．fix C．check D．relocate 25．A．exchanging B．covering C．heating D．packaging 26．A．confused B．embarrassed C．regretful D．annoyed 27．A．kitchen B．market C．neighbour D．cook 28．A．loyalty B．curiosity C．generosity D．honesty 29．A．nervous B．satisfied C．worried D．grateful 30．A．occasionally B．eventually C．instantly D．efficiently 31．A．transform B．abandon C．forget D．recommend 三、语法填空 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 With the popularity of Pop Mart characters, it is no surprise that Pop Mart’s first theme park located in Beijing’s Chaoyang Park — POP LAND — 32 (become) a top destination for fans recently. On a warm mid-April afternoon, inside the park, a group of young British 33 (tourist) laughed, took photos, and discovered the stories behind the toy figures they had long collected back home. Present were the student union representatives (代表) from different UK universities, 34 came to Chaoyang district to experience Chinese culture, explore 35 (advance) technology and build bridges of understanding. “I had no idea that all these different characters were under Pop Mart,” said Maximilian Camara. He had bought a Crybaby blind box at a London mall, only 36 (discover) later that the unusual little toy had taken British social media by storm. For Molokwu, the visit brought an unexpected joy. “I loved the Powerpuff Girls growing up. I didn’t even know Molly was one of them — and she’s in Pop Land!” She 37 (proud) showed off a limited-edition headphone case. 38 impressed her even more was the brand’s IP protection. “If you come here, you can see all of this, but you won’t find it anywhere else. It offers a chance for fans to take pictures with the toy maker’s flagship characters in different settings, 39 (range) from a European-inspired white castle to a leafy tree house,” she added. Leaving Pop Mart, Molokwu was still deeply absorbed 40 the beauty of Chaoyang Park. The students also walked the Great Wall, watched a robot do a backflip and experienced eye-tracking technology 41 (design) to assist people with mobility issues at the Zhongguancun (Chaoyang) Internet 3.0 Park. 四、写作 假定你是李华，你现在正面临选科，内心十分迷茫。请给你的外国朋友Dave写一封电子邮件，内容包括： （1）说明写信原因； （2）描述问题和征询建议； （3）表示感谢。 注意： （1）写作词数应为80个左右； （2）请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。 Dear Dave, _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Yours, Li Hua 参考答案 一、 1 1．D 2．B 3．B 【解析】文章介绍了一款智能阅读批注套装的产品。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段“With this Smart Annotation Kit, you move from being a passive reader to an active thinker.(有了这套智能批注套装，你就能从被动阅读者转变为主动思考者。)”可知，这套智能批注套装的设计目的是为了养成主动阅读习惯。 2．细节理解题。根据How to Use部分“Write short notes. Brief phrases such as “definition,” “contrast,” or “see page 23” are written next to relevant passages.(做好简短批注。在对应文段旁标注“释义”“对比”“参见23页”这类简短文字。)”可知，在疑难内容做好标记后，使用者下一步要在旁边写简短笔记。 3．细节理解题。根据最后一段“Permanent markers should not be used on borrowed or library copies. For those unwilling to write directly on pages, repositionable sticky notes offer an alternative.(请勿用永久性记号笔在借阅图书或馆藏书籍上书写。如果不想直接在书页上做标记，可选用可反复粘贴的便利贴。)”可推知，图书馆借阅者最有可能使用便利贴。 2 4．D 5．B 6．C 7．A 【解析】文章主要讲述林业工作者凯尔因早年失误破坏本土野生植物，自此立下使命四处走访农户保护珍稀本土植物，并借助社交媒体科普相关知识，呼吁大众种植本土植物助力生态保护，实现了人生使命的转变。 4．细节理解题。根据原文第三段“Lybarger realized that he had killed off an area with a wild seed bank of countless species that were ideal for attracting wildlife, all in order to plant two or three species that weren’t part of the native ecosystem.(莱巴格意识到，他为了种植两三种不属于本土生态系统的植物，毁掉了这片蕴藏着无数适宜吸引野生动物物种野生种子库的区域。)”可知，他犯下的错误是毁掉了本土植物物种。 5．细节理解题。根据原文第四段“Lybarger, a forester by training, found a mission: to save these native species. In a state where more than 90% of the land is privately owned, that has meant knocking on doors to speak with landowners who are unknowing hosts to rare plants.(莱巴格本是科班出身的林业工作者，他找到了自己的使命：守护这些本土物种。在这个超九成土地归私人所有的州里，这就意味着他要登门拜访那些在不知情的情况下，栽种着珍稀植物的土地所有者。)”可知，他拜访土地所有者是为了保护私人土地上的野生植物。 6．细节理解题。根据原文最后一段“Lybarger thinks his biggest contribution comes through education on social media, influencing people to grow the native plants that best support declining pollinators and other insects.(莱巴格认为自己最大的贡献是借助社交媒体开展科普教育，劝导人们种植最能助力数量锐减的传粉昆虫及其他昆虫生存的本土植物。)”可知，他通过社交媒体向大众科普本土植物相关知识。 7．主旨大意题。根据原文第三段“Lybarger realized that he had killed off an area with a wild seed bank of countless species that were ideal for attracting wildlife, all in order to plant two or three species that weren’t part of the native ecosystem.(莱巴格意识到，他为了种植两三种不属于本土生态系统的植物，毁掉了这片蕴藏着无数适宜吸引野生动物物种野生种子库的区域。)”及第四段“Lybarger, a forester by training, found a mission: to save these native species.(莱巴格本是科班出身的林业工作者，他找到了自己的使命：守护这些本土物种。)”并结合全文内容可知，文章围绕林业从业者凯尔展开，讲述他从犯错醒悟到确立保护本土植物的新使命并付诸行动的经历，全文核心讲述一位林业工作者的使命转变。 3 8．A 9．B 10．D 11．C 【解析】本文主要介绍的是英国电信公司O2开发的一款名为Daisy的AI老奶奶工具，通过与骗子长时间对话来消耗他们的时间，从而保护用户免受诈骗。 8．细节理解题。根据第二段“Daisy, an AI grandma created by British Telecom Company O2 as the cleverest scam fighter, is a new AI tool with the voice of a grandmother designed to talk with scammers and “waste as much of their time as possible”.(Daisy是英国电信公司O2创造的AI老奶奶，作为最聪明的诈骗斗士，是一款拥有老奶奶声音的新型AI工具，旨在与骗子交谈并“尽可能浪费他们的时间”)”可知，AI老奶奶通过占用骗子的时间来对抗诈骗。 9．细节理解题。根据第三段“The AI then searches its large database to find a suitable reply, based on the specific scam training she’s received, and translates that text answer to speech for Daisy to reply. (然后，AI根据其大型数据库搜索合适的回复，基于她接受的特定诈骗培训，并将该文本答案转换为语音供Daisy回复)”可知，Daisy接受诈骗培训是为了能够恰当地回应骗子。 10．词句猜测题。根据第四段““Daisy is turning the tables on scammers — outsmarting them at their own pitiless game simply by keeping them on the line,” Murray Mackenzie, Director of Fraud at O2, explained.(“Daisy正在turning the tables on骗子——通过让他们保持在线，在他们自己无情的游戏中智胜他们，”O2欺诈总监默里·麦肯齐解释道)”可知，turning the tables on意为“扭转局面、击败”。 11．细节理解题。根据最后一段““No matter how good someone on the other end of the phone may be, they aren’t always who you think they are,” Murray said. “In terms of tips and tricks, whether you’re shopping online, reviewing your emails, or receiving an out-of-the-blue phone call, it’s important to always remain watchful.” (“无论电话那头的人听起来多么可信，他们并不总是你以为的那个人，”默里说。“就技巧和窍门而言，无论你是在网上购物、查看电子邮件，还是接到一个突如其来的电话，始终保持警惕都很重要。”)”可知，默里建议用户提高反诈骗意识。 4 12．E 13．A 14．D 15．B 16．F 【解析】本文主要介绍了年轻人如何通过简单可行的方法（如志愿服务、环保行动、为弱势群体发声、反思自身行为）来培养和践行社会责任。 12．上文“Many young people wonder where to start, but the answer is simple.(许多年轻人不知道从哪里开始，但答案很简单。)”提出年轻人不知如何践行社会责任，并指出答案很简单；E选项“Just begin with what you know and who you can help.(就从你熟悉的事、力所能及帮助的人做起。)”承接上文给出一个简单、易行的起始建议，引出下文各类行动方式，起到承上启下的作用。 13．根据上文“She started a “Chat & Help” group with her classmates, visiting seniors every weekend, helping with shopping, and teaching them basic phone skills.(她和同学成立“聊天与帮助”小组，每周看望老人、帮忙采购、教手机基础操作。)”以及下文“More than 50 elders looked forward to their weekly visits.(五十多位老人期待他们每周到访。)”可知，上文介绍Lila和同学创办“聊天与帮助”小组帮助老人的事情，下文写老人的反馈：超过50位老人期待他们的每周拜访，这说明该小组的规模在不断扩大；A选项“Within six months, over 30 teens joined.(半年内三十多名青少年加入)”补充说明该小组的发展情况或规模变化，解释了后文能帮助这么多老人的原因，使前后文语意连贯。 14．本空位于段首，应为该段的主题句；下文“A group of high school students in Portland, Oregon, saw rubbish in their local park and rivers. Instead of waiting for others to act, they organized monthly clean-up days and put up signs about recycling. Their efforts not only made the area cleaner but also inspired other schools to start similar projects.(俄勒冈州波特兰市的一群高中生在当地的公园和河流里看到了垃圾。他们没有坐等别人采取行动，而是组织每月的清洁日，并张贴有关回收利用的标志。他们的努力不仅使该地区变得更加清洁，还激励其他学校开展类似的项目。)”是一个保护环境的实例，主要讲述了一群高中生清理当地公园和河流的垃圾，并宣传回收利用，说明这一段要引出另一种体现社会责任的方式——环境保护；D选项“Caring for the environment shows responsibility.(关心环境体现了责任感。)”能完美概括本段主旨，作为主题句统领后文。 15．根据上文“When 17-year-old Marcus from Chicago learned that some students at his school could not afford lunch, he did not stay silent.(当来自芝加哥的17岁的马库斯得知他学校的一些学生买不起午餐时，他并没有保持沉默。)”以及下文“Then he presented a plan to the school for a free lunch program for poor students.(然后，他向学校提出了一个为贫困学生提供免费午餐的计划。)”可知，马库斯发现问题没有沉默，先做了某种准备工作，然后才向学校提交方案，空格处应填他采取的第一步具体行动。B选项“He collected data about those needy students.(他收集了那些需要帮助的学生的数据。)”正是为提交计划所做的准备工作，是第一步具体行动，将前后事件自然衔接起来。 16．上文“After volunteering or helping others, take time to think about what you have learned and how you can do better next time.(在做志愿者或帮助他人之后，花点时间想想自己学到了什么，以及下次如何做得更好。)”建议行动后自我反思，F选项“This habit turns one-time acts into lifelong care for others.(这个习惯会让单次善举变成终身关爱他人的自觉)”承接上文，阐述反思这一习惯带来的长期影响，选项中的“This habit”精准指代了前文的反思行为，且句中的“lifelong care”与结尾句的“a way of life”相呼应, 表明反思能让责任感得以延续和升华。 附加题答案： 1.This kit helps you capture your thoughts that/which come to you as you read. 2.The kit includes 3 color-coded highlighters which/that are yellow, pink and blue. 3.You should not use permanent markers on library copies that/which are borrowed books. 4.Readers can use sticky notes which/that are repositionable. 5.Lybarger knocked on doors to talk with landowners who/that host rare native plants unknowingly. 6.He found an open area where he decided to plant food for wildlife. 7.He discovered lots of wild plant species that/which are ideal for attracting wildlife. 8.Daisy is a new AI tool which/that is created by O2 to fight against scammers. 9.Scammers use online “mugs lists” which/that store phone numbers of UK users. 10.Marcus presented a plan to his school that/which provided free lunch for poor students. 二、 17．B 18．A 19．D 20．C 21．B 22．D 23．A 24．C 25．B 26．D 27．A 28．C 29．D 30．A 31．B 【解析】本文讲述了已经退休的罗伯特在妻子生病后，选择高龄当送货司机，当他雨天艰难送货的场景被业主安娜看到后，安娜为他发起募捐，而在收到陌生人捐的巨额钱款后，罗伯特依然不放弃送货的工作，因为这份工作在他最艰难的时候给了他目标感。 17．考查名词。句意：对一些人来说，这是一种选择。A. memory记忆；B. choice选择；C. challenge挑战；D. experience经历。根据后文“It keeps them busy and their minds sharp.”可知，对这些老年人来说，工作是让自己保持忙碌状态和锻炼头脑的主动选择。 18．考查名词。句意：但对另一些人来说，每一轮班都是一场挣扎——疼痛的身体撑着疲惫，只是为了活下去。A. struggle挣扎；B. warning警告；C. proof证明；D. relief缓解。根据后文“aching bodies pushing through exhaustion”可知，对这类老人来说工作是痛苦的挣扎。 19．考查动词。句意：同上。A. insist坚持；B. escape逃脱；C. relax放松；D. survive生存。根据前文“aching bodies pushing through exhaustion”和后文“Robert retired 13 years ago, but when his wife suddenly fell ill, he began working as a delivery driver.”可知，一些老年人身体痛苦仍要工作，结合罗伯特在妻子生病后选择高龄送货，可知他们工作是为了维持生计。 20．考查动词。句意：“没有多少雇主愿意雇用我们这个年纪的人，”罗伯特说。A. consult咨询；B. honour尊重；C. hire雇；D. assist协助。根据前文“he began working as a delivery driver”和空前“Not many employers want to”可知，罗伯特退休后又找了送货司机的工作，可知鲜有雇主愿意雇用年纪大的人。 21．考查动词。句意：因此，这位老人以一种默默的顽强投入工作，这让年龄只有他一半年纪的年轻送货司机感到羞愧。A. surprised使惊讶；B. shamed使羞愧；C. threatened威胁；D. convinced说服。根据后文“While they _______wait times and declined low-paying _______, Robert accepted them all.”可知，罗伯特接受所有年轻人不愿接的工作，可知他的敬业让年轻司机自愧不如。 22．考查动词短语。句意：当他们抱怨等待时间，拒绝低报酬的订单时，罗伯特全部接受了。A. put aside把……放在一边；B. relied on依靠；C. narrowed down缩小；D. complained about抱怨。根据后文“declined low-paying ___”可知，年轻司机对工作条件不满，会抱怨等待时间。 23．考查名词。句意：同上。A. orders订单；B. routes路线；C. excuses借口；D. requests请求。根据空前“low-paying”并结合罗伯特是送货司机的身份，可知此处是低报酬的订单。 24．考查动词。句意：一天下午，房主安娜碰巧查看了她的Ring品牌摄像头，看到罗伯特在倾盆大雨中挣扎，爬上门廊台阶时用夹克遮住咖啡。A. sell售卖；B. fix安装；C. check查看；D. relocate重新安置。根据后文“saw Robert struggling through pouring rain, ________ the coffee with his jacket as he climbed her porch steps (门廊阶梯)”可知，安娜看到了罗伯特送货的场景，说明她碰巧查看了摄像头。 25．考查动词。句意：同上。A. exchanging交换；B. covering遮盖；C. heating加热；D. packaging包装。根据空后“the coffee with his jacket”和前文“Robert struggling through pouring rain”可知，当时下着大雨，罗伯特用夹克遮住咖啡避免被淋湿。 26．考查形容词。句意：她非常生气，冲进屋里质问她的女儿：“你为什么非要下雨天点咖啡？你有两条腿，五英尺外就有厨房啊。”A. confused困惑的；B. embarrassed尴尬的；C. regretful后悔的；D. annoyed生气的。根据后文“stormed inside and questioned her daughter”可知，安娜看到这一幕非常生女儿的气。 27．考查名词。句意：同上。A. kitchen厨房；B. market市场；C. neighbour邻居；D. cook厨师。根据空后“five feet away”并结合安娜生气女儿雨天点咖啡的语境，此处指在家中五英尺外就有厨房，可以自己做咖啡。 28．考查名词。句意：安娜被陌生人的慷慨深深打动，她亲自把支票递给了罗伯特。A. loyalty忠诚；B. curiosity好奇心；C. generosity慷慨；D. honesty诚实。根据前文“Within five days, strangers donated nearly $1 million”可知，陌生人纷纷捐款，这是慷慨的举动。 29．考查形容词。句意：罗伯特很感激，但他说他仍然偶尔想要送货。A. nervous紧张的；B. satisfied满足的；C. worried担忧的；D. grateful感激的。根据前文“Within five days, strangers donated nearly $1 million”可知，收到陌生人的捐款，罗伯特心怀感激。 30．考查副词。句意：同上。A. occasionally偶尔；B. eventually最终；C. instantly立刻；D. efficiently高效地。根据后文“he won’t _______ it now that he simply doesn’t”可知，罗伯特不需要再靠工作谋生，只是会偶尔继续送货。 31．考查动词。句意：他说，在他最需要的时候，这份工作给了他一种目标感，现在他不需要靠它谋生了，他也不会放弃这份工作。A. transform转变；B. abandon放弃；C. forget忘记；D. recommend推荐。根据前文“he still wants to deliver ______”可知，他仍然想要偶尔送货，说明他不会放弃这份工作。 三、 32．has become 33．tourists 34．who 35．advanced 36．to discover 37．proudly 38．What 39．ranging 40．in 41．designed 【解析】文章介绍了北京朝阳公园的泡泡玛特主题乐园已成热门打卡地，前来体验中国文化的多名英国大学生到访游玩，留下深刻印象，之后他们还体验了多种科技文化项目。 32．考查时态及主谓一致。句意：随着Pop Mart角色的日益流行，位于北京朝阳公园内的首家主题公园——POP LAND，最近毫不意外地已成为粉丝们争相前往的热门目的地。动词become在句中作谓语，根据时间状语recently可知，应使用现在完成时态，主语theme park为单数名词，助动词have使用单数形式，应填has become。 33．考查名词单复数。句意：一个温暖的四月中旬下午，在园区内，一群年轻的英国游客欢笑拍照，还发现了他们长期在家乡收藏的玩具角色背后的故事。tourist为可数名词，根据前面a group of可知，应填复数形式。 34．考查定语从句。句意：来自英国多所大学的学生会代表齐聚朝阳区，体验中国文化、探索先进技术，并增进彼此理解。该空需要一个关系词引导非限制性定语从句修饰名词representatives，并指代先行词在从句中作主语，先行词为人，应填who。 35．考查形容词。句意：同上。该空需要一个形容词作定语修饰名词technology，提示词为动词，其形容词advanced符合题意。 36．考查非谓语动词。句意：他曾在伦敦的一家商场购买了一个Crybaby盲盒，后来才发现这个奇特的小玩具竟然在英国社交媒体上掀起热潮。该空所给动词discover在句中与only连用在句中作出乎意料的结果状语，应使用动词不定式形式。 37．考查副词。句意：她自豪地展示了一款限量版耳机盒。该空需要一个副词作状语修饰动词短语showed off，应填proudly。 38．考查主语从句。句意：令她更加印象深刻的是该品牌的IP保护措施。该空需要一个连接词引导主语从句，并指代事物在从句中作主语，应填what，并注意句首字母大写。 39．考查非谓语动词。句意：这为粉丝们提供了机会，可以在各种场景中与玩具制造商的明星角色合影，从充满欧洲风情的白色城堡到绿树环绕的树屋。动词range在句中作后置定语，与所修饰名词settings 为主动关系，应使用现在分词修饰ranging。 40．考查介词。句意：离开Pop Mart后，莫洛库仍深深沉浸在朝阳公园的美景之中。固定短语be absorbed in意为“沉浸于；专心致志于”符合句意。 41．考查非谓语动词。句意：学生们还参观了长城，在中关村（朝阳）互联网3.0公园体验了机器人做后空翻，并亲身感受了专为行动不便人士设计的眼动追踪技术。动词design在句中作后置定语修饰名词eye-tracking technology，与所修饰名词为被动关系，应使用过去分词形式。 四、 Dear Dave, How is everything going? I’m writing to ask you for some advice. Now I have to choose my academic direction, but I feel quite confused. I don’t know which one is more suitable for me. I am interested in history and literature, yet science subjects seem easier for me to get good grades. Besides, I have no idea about future jobs related to them. I feel worried and can’t make a decision. Could you give me some useful suggestions? Thank you very much for your help. Yours, Li Hua 【解析】本篇书面表达要求考生给外国朋友Dave写一封电子邮件，对选科的事情征求建议。 1.词汇积累 建议：advice→recommendation 选择：choose→select 困惑的：confused→bewildered 担心的：worried→concerned 2.句式拓展 简单句变复合句 原句：Now I have to choose my academic direction, but I feel quite confused. 拓展句：Now I have to choose my academic direction, which makes me quite confused. [高分句型1] I don’t know which one is more suitable for me. (运用了which引导的宾语从句) [高分句型2] Besides, I have no idea about future jobs related to them. (运用了过去分词related作后置定语) ( 1 / 2 )学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 2027年高考英语一轮复习能力突破（结构化知识+题型提升练） 专题09 定语从句 目录 第一部分 必备知识结构化清单 梳理必备的语言知识点，夯实语言基础能力 第二部分 知识运用题型强化练 必备知识与能力提升练，提升语言运用能力 ◇Part 01 必备知识结构化清单 知｜识｜清｜单 真题分析 【真题再现】 【2026年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试(全国Ⅰ卷)】阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Daji, or big open-air fairs, typically take place on specific dates of the lunar calendar, for example, on dates with five or seven as the last digit. It is also common for them ____56____ (hold) during traditional Chinese holidays such as the Spring Festival and the Mid-Autumn Festival, as well as other local festivals. The exact dates and ____57____ (frequent) of daji vary from region to region. Daji originated from the ancient folk custom of trading goods, which dates back to ____58____ Han Dynasty. As transportation and communication ____59____ (be) underdeveloped at that time, it was very difficult for households to obtain daily ____60____ (necessity). As a solution, people gathered at specific locations on set days to trade their surplus (剩余的) items ____61____ what they needed. In addition to being venues for buying and selling, daji are occasions for socializing and entertainment. People from near and far crowd into these markets on daji days. ____62____ (draw) by the aroma (香味) of street food, they line up in front of stands ____63____ serve steaming dumplings and hot noodle soup. While eating and enjoying street performances, they chat with each other and share stories of their daily lives. Before ____64____ (head) home, they fill their shopping bags with fresh fruit and vegetables from local farmers, at prices significantly ____65____ (cheap) than those found in supermarkets. （答案：56. to be held 57. frequency 58. the 59. were 60. necessities 61. for 62. Drawn 63. that/which 64. heading 65. cheaper） 【要点分析】 语篇中定语从句的使用分析 原句 定语从句 先行词 关系词 关系词在从句中所作成分 用法分析 1 Daji originated from the ancient folk custom of trading goods, which dates back to the Han Dynasty. which dates back to the Han Dynasty the ancient folk custom（指物，集市的古老民间习俗） which 从句主语 1. 逗号分隔，属于非限制性定语从句； 2. 先行词为事物，只能用which，不可替换that； 3. 关系词在从句内部作主语，从句谓语动词dates与先行词custom保持单数一致； 4. 从句用于补充说明先行词的起源背景，去掉后主句句意依然完整。 2 62 (draw) by the aroma (香味) of street food, they line up in front of stands 63 serve steaming dumplings and hot noodle soup. that serve steaming dumplings and hot noodle soup stands（摊位，指物） that（也可换which） 从句主语 1. 无逗号分隔，属于限制性定语从句，修饰限定先行词stands，区分“卖热食的摊位”和其他摊位，删除后主句语义不完整； 2. 先行词为事物，关系词that/which均可； 3. 关系词在从句中充当主语，谓语动词serve与复数先行词stands匹配，用原形； 4. 从句紧跟先行词stands后，直接限定名词，无间隔。 知识回顾 定语从句修饰名词/代词（先行词），由关系词引导，放在先行词后，分为限定性、非限定性两类。 一、关系词的分类 类别 关系词 指代对象 在从句中所作成分 关系代词 that 人 / 物 主语、宾语 which 物 主语、宾语 who 人 主语 whom 人 宾语 whose 人 / 物 定语（表“……的”） as 人 / 物 / 整句话 主、宾 关系副词 when 表时间名词 时间状语 where 表地点/抽象地点名词 地点状语 why 表原因名词reason 原因状语 二、关系代词that / which / who / whom / whose的 用法 关系词 使用规则 例句 that 1. 指代人或物 2. 限定性从句可用，非限定绝对不能用 3. 作宾语可省略 1. The book that you bought is great. 你买的那本书很好。（物，宾语） 2. The girl that stands there is my classmate. 站在那里的女孩是我同学。（人，主语） which 1. 只指代事物 2. 限定/非限定从句均可 3. 介词后只能用which 1. This pen, which my dad gave me, works well. 这支爸爸送我的钢笔很好用。（非限定） 2. The house in which we live is old. 我们住的房子很老旧。（介词+which） who 只指代人，在从句作主语 The teacher who helped me is very patient. 帮助我的那位老师十分耐心。 whom 只指代人，在从句作宾语；口语可用who替换 The boy whom we met yesterday is a singer. 我们昨天遇见的男孩是一名歌手。 whose 表所属，人/物都能用，后接名词 结构：whose + n. = of whom / of which + n. 1. I know the girl whose mother is a doctor. 我认识那个妈妈是医生的女孩。（人） 2. We saw a tree whose leaves turn red. 我们看见了一棵叶子变红的树。（物） 三、关系副词 when / where / why 的用法 关系副词 先行词类型 作从句的成分 同义替换结构 例句 when time, day, moment, year 等时间名词 时间状语 介词+which（in/on/during which） I still remember the day when we first met. =the day on which we first met 我依然记得我们初次相遇的那天。 where 1. 地点：school, park, factory 2. 抽象地点：situation, stage, case, point 地点状语 介词+which（in/at which） We reached a point where we had to give up. 我们到了不得不放弃的地步。（抽象地点） why 仅先行词reason 原因状语 for which Tell me the reason why you missed class. =the reason for which you missed class 告诉我你旷课的原因。 四、限定性定语从句 与非限定性定语从句的对比 对比维度 限定性定语从句 非限定性定语从句 标点 无逗号，紧跟先行词 用逗号和主句隔开 that 可以使用 绝对不能用that 关系词省略 关系词作宾语时可省略 任何关系词都不能省略 指代整句话 不可以 which / as 可指代前面整件事 删减影响 删掉后主句意思不完整 删掉后主句语义完整，仅补充额外信息 例句 The man who is wearing glasses is my uncle.戴眼镜的男人是我叔叔。 My uncle, who wears glasses, likes reading. 我叔叔喜欢看书，他戴着眼镜。 五、关于定语从句的高频考点 专题1：只能用that，不能用which/who 的6种场景 适用情况 例句 1. 先行词同时包含人+物 They talked about the teachers and schools that they visited. 他们聊了拜访过的老师和学校。 2. 先行词为不定代词 all, everything, nothing, something 等 All that he said is true. 他说的所有话都是真的。 3. 先行词被最高级修饰 This is the most moving story that I’ve ever heard. 这是我听过最感人的故事。 4. 先行词被序数词修饰 This is the first task that we need to finish. 这是我们要完成的第一项任务。 5. 先行词被the only, the very, every, all 修饰 He is the only person that understands me. 他是唯一懂我的人。 6. 主句以who/which开头疑问，避免重复 Who that breaks the rule will be punished. 任何违反规则的人都会受处罚。 专题2：只能用which，不能用that 的2种场景 ①介词后作宾语：This is the room in which we study. ②非限制性定语从句：The rain lasted three days, which ruined our trip. 专题3：介词+关系代词 结构（介词选择3大依据） 介词选择依据 例句 1. 看从句动词固定搭配 This is the girl with whom I work.（work with） 这是和我共事的女孩。 2. 看先行词固定搭配 I’ll never forget the day on which we graduated.（on the day） 3. 看句子逻辑含义 The house through which we walked is ancient. 我们穿过的那栋房子很古老。 专题4：as 和 which 引导非限制性定语从句的区分 区别点 as which 位置 可放主句前、中、后 只能放在主句末尾 翻译 正如、如同 这一点、这件事 固定搭配 as we know, as is known to all 无固定搭配 例句 As we all know, practice makes perfect.众所周知，熟能生巧。 He failed the exam, which made his mom sad.他考试失利，这让他妈妈很难过。 基｜础｜练｜习 一、阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Smart home technology is transforming the way we live. Devices that 1 (consider) luxuries a few years ago are now becoming 2 (necessity) in many households. From voice-controlled assistants to automated lighting systems, these innovations promise to make our lives 3 (convenient) and efficient than before. However, experts warn that this convenience comes at 4 cost. Privacy (隐私) concerns have emerged as a major issue. 5 many devices collecting vast amounts of personal data. A recent study has revealed that smart speakers can 6 (accident) activate and record private conversations without users’ knowledge. 7 worries privacy advocates most is that some devices continue to collect data even when they are turned off. Despite these risks, the smart home market continues to grow rapidly. Analysts predict that in the near future, nearly every new home 8 (feature) some form of smart technology. The key challenge lies in balancing innovation with security, 9 ensures that convenience does not compromise our fundamental right to privacy. 10 (drive) by such concerns, manufacturers are now racing to develop better encryption (加密) methods. 二、根据上述语篇的相关内容，按要求用定语从句改写句子。 原句 要求 合并后的句子 1 ① Some devices were considered luxuries a few years ago. ② The devices are now becoming necessities in many households. 用限制性定语从句合并两句，先行词为devices 2 ① Many smart home devices collect vast amounts of personal data. ② The devices are widely used in modern households. 用限制性定语从句合并两句，先行词为devices 3 ① Smart speakers can accidentally activate and record private conversations. ② The smart speakers store users’ private information secretly. 用限制性定语从句合并两句，先行词为smart speakers 4 ① The key challenge lies in balancing innovation with security. ② This thing ensures that convenience does not compromise our fundamental right to privacy. 用非限制性定语从句合并两句，which指代前文整件事 5 ① Manufacturers are racing to develop better encryption methods. ② The encryption methods can protect users’ personal data. 用限制性定语从句合并两句，先行词为encryption methods ◇Part 02 知识运用题型强化练 一、阅读理解 1 Reading shouldn’t be a one-way street. With this Smart Annotation (批注) Kit, you move from being a passive reader to an active thinker. This kit helps you: ● Capture your thoughts — write down questions, connections, and ideas as they come to you. ● Remember more — research shows that handwriting improves memory and comprehension. ● Read with purpose — use colors and notes to track themes, characters, or key arguments. ● Make books yours — turn every book you read into a personal record of your thinking journey. Whether you’re studying for an exam, preparing for a book club, or just reading for pleasure, this kit gives you the tools to engage deeply with every page. What’s Included ● 3 color-coded highlighters (yellow, pink, blue) ● 2 fine-tip pens (black, red) ● 50 repositionable sticky notes ● 1 quick-start guide     How to Use Step 1: Read actively. As you read, underline key sentences or put question marks next to confusing parts. Step 2: Add your marks. Use different colors for different purposes. For example: yellow indicates main ideas; pink marks surprising or important facts; blue records personal reflections or unresolved questions. Step 3: Write short notes. Brief phrases such as “definition,” “contrast,” or “see page 23” are written next to relevant passages. Step 4: Review your notes. After each chapter, revisit annotations to strengthen long-term memory and identify patterns across the text. Limitations Permanent markers should not be used on borrowed or library copies. For those unwilling to write directly on pages, repositionable sticky notes offer an alternative. The kit contains small parts and must be kept away from children under three years of age. 1．What is the Smart Annotation Kit designed for? A．Fast reading skills. B．Library book care. C．Colourful expression. D．Active reading habits. 2．What should users do after marking puzzling parts? A．Review each chapter. B．Write short notes nearby. C．Skip to the next page. D．Change highlighter colors. 3．Who are most likely to use sticky notes? A．Book collectors. B．Library users. C．Literature explorers. D．Art learners. 2 Throwing oneself in native plants may not seem like a recipe for success as a social media influencer. But meet Kyle Lybarger. It all started with what Lybarger now recognizes as a terrible mistake. About a decade ago, he was managing a private forest where the owner let him hunt. The land included an open area, where he decided to plant food for wildlife. He sprayed (喷洒) it with herbicide (除草剂), put down seeds and cut down some trees to let in more light. In the dry, shallow soil, the seeds didn’t take. But around the edges of the area, where he hadn’t sprayed or seeded, the additional sunlight released a beautiful surprise. “I came back up the next summer and it was just like color everywhere, really crazy-looking plants,” says Lybarger. “I feel like I should know what this plant is.” After he posted photos of the flowers on Facebook, an expert pointed out some rare and endangered species. Lybarger realized that he had killed off an area with a wild seed bank of countless species that were ideal for attracting wildlife, all in order to plant two or three species that weren’t part of the native ecosystem. Lybarger, a forester by training, found a mission: to save these native species. In a state where more than 90% of the land is privately owned, that has meant knocking on doors to speak with landowners who are unknowing hosts to rare plants. One morning last spring found Lybarger chatting with Pat Eaton, who has a spot of endangered glade cress growing on her family’s property. A few miles away, Lybarger pointed out another endangered species that his social media followers had been instrumental in protecting. Lybarger thinks his biggest contribution comes through education on social media, influencing people to grow the native plants that best support declining pollinators (传粉昆虫) and other insects. “One person, one yard, one-tenth of an acre can make a bigger difference than you think,” he says. 4．What was Lybarger’s mistake? A．He mixed seeds up. B．He removed the soil. C．He posted photos online. D．He killed native species. 5．Why did Lybarger visit landowners? A．To purchase their properties. B．To protect private land plants. C．To teach planting skills. D．To seek hunting permission. 6．What does Lybarger do through social media? A．Keep track of his daily work. B．Build up his reputation. C．Educate people about local plants. D．Offer professional training. 7．What is the text about? A．A forester’s mission shift. B．A herbicide spraying method. C．Endangered plant species. D．Tips for becoming an influencer. 3 Scammers (骗子) are becoming tricky, turning to the Internet to better cheat their targets out of money. This includes using deep fakes (冒充者) to present themselves as someone else. Now, AI is being used in the fightback with Telecom Company O2 applying an AI granny in the action. Daisy, an AI grandma created by British Telecom Company O2 as the cleverest scam fighter, is a new AI tool with the voice of a grandmother designed to talk with scammers and “waste as much of their time as possible”. Basically, she rambles on (絮叨) about anything and everything to keep them away from real people. While Daisy may sound like a human, she is actually an AI large language model with the character application of a grandma. The company worked with known scam artists to train Daisy and used a method called Number Seeding to get Daisy’s phone number added to a list of online “mugs lists” — lists used by scammers targeting UK users. She functions by listening to the scammers and translating their voice to text. The AI then searches its large database to find a suitable reply, based on the specific scam training she’s received, and translates that text answer to speech for Daisy to reply. All this happens in seconds with no additional input needed. The goal is to keep the scammer on the phone for as long as possible by trapping them in a lifelike, but lengthy conversation. “Daisy is turning the tables on scammers — outsmarting them at their own pitiless game simply by keeping them on the line,” Murray Mackenzie, Director of Fraud at O2, explained. O2 also hopes to draw attention to scams by warning users to be careful about who they may be speaking to. “No matter how good someone on the other end of the phone may be, they aren’t always who you think they are,” Murray said. “In terms of tips and tricks, whether you’re shopping online, reviewing your emails, or receiving an out-of-the-blue phone call, it’s important to always remain watchful.” 8．How does the AI granny fight against scammers? A．By taking up scammers’ time. B．By keeping scammers interested. C．By telling scammers funny stories. D．By talking scammers into quitting. 9．Why does Daisy receive scam training? A．To recognize scammers’ tricks. B．To react to scammers properly. C．To improve her translation skills. D．To make herself more creative. 10．What do the underlined words “turning the tables on” probably mean? A．Serving. B．Educating. C．Tracking. D．Defeating. 11．What is Murray’s suggestion to the users? A．Stop answering calls. B．Use particular software. C．Raise anti-scam awareness. D．Avoid shopping online. 4 Social responsibility means caring about others and doing things to make the world a better place. Many young people wonder where to start, but the answer is simple. 12 One way is through community service. Take 16-year-old Lila from Toronto for example. She noticed many elderly people in her neighborhood felt lonely. She started a “Chat & Help” group with her classmates, visiting seniors every weekend, helping with shopping, and teaching them basic phone skills. 13 More than 50 elders looked forward to their weekly visits. Such acts let you see direct results and learn to understand others’ needs. 14 A group of high school students in Portland, Oregon, saw rubbish in their local park and rivers. Instead of waiting for others to act, they organized monthly clean-up days and put up signs about recycling. Their efforts not only made the area cleaner but also inspired other schools to start similar projects. Listening to others and using your voice also build responsibility. When 17-year-old Marcus from Chicago learned that some students at his school could not afford lunch, he did not stay silent. 15 Then he presented a plan to the school for a free lunch program for poor students. His courage to speak up led to a change that helped over 80 students. Finally, reflecting on your actions helps grow responsibility. After volunteering or helping others, take time to think about what you have learned and how you can do better next time. 16 Remember, social responsibility is not a task to check off but a way of life that makes you and the world around you stronger. A．Within six months, over 30 teens joined. B．He collected data about those needy students. C．He does not need to solve big problems alone. D．Caring for the environment shows responsibility. E．Just begin with what you know and who you can help. F．This habit turns one-time acts into lifelong care for others. G．Small acts like reducing plastic use help take responsibility. 附加题：结合上述阅读语篇的内容，按照表格中的改写要求用定语从句合并句子。 题号 阅读语篇原文中提取的句子 改写要求 合并后的句子 1 ①This kit helps you capture your thoughts. ②Your thoughts come to you as you read. 用关系代词指代事物，合并两句，使用限制性定语从句 2 ①The kit includes 3 color-coded highlighters. ②The highlighters are yellow, pink and blue. 用which引导定语从句修饰先行词highlighters 3 ①You should not use permanent markers on library copies. ②Library copies are borrowed books. 用that引导定语从句修饰library copies 4 ①Readers can use sticky notes. ②The sticky notes are repositionable. 合并句子，用which修饰先行词sticky notes 5 ①Lybarger knocked on doors to talk with landowners. ②The landowners host rare native plants unknowingly. 用who引导定语从句修饰指人的先行词landowners 6 ①He found an open area. ②He decided to plant food for wildlife in the area. 用where引导表地点的定语从句修饰an open area 7 ①He discovered lots of wild plant species. ②The species are ideal for attracting wildlife. 用that引导定语从句修饰plant species 8 ①Daisy is a new AI tool. ②The tool is created by O2 to fight against scammers. 用which引导定语从句修饰AI tool 9 ①Scammers use online “mugs lists”. ②The lists store phone numbers of UK users. 合并两句，which指代先行词mugs lists 10 ①Marcus presented a plan to his school. ②The plan provided free lunch for poor students. 用that引导限制性定语从句修饰先行词a plan 二、完形填空 Many of us have seen elderly people working long after their peers (同龄人) have retired. For some, it is a(n) 17 . It keeps them busy and their minds sharp. But for others, every single shift is a 18 — aching bodies pushing through exhaustion, just to 19 . Robert retired 13 years ago, but when his wife suddenly fell ill, he began working as a delivery driver. “Not many employers want to 20 us at our age,” Robert said. So the elderly man threw himself into work with a quiet stubbornness (顽强) that 21 younger delivery drivers half his age. While they 22 wait times and declined low-paying 23 , Robert accepted them all. One afternoon, homeowner Anna happened to 24 her Ring camera and saw Robert struggling through pouring rain, 25 the coffee with his jacket as he climbed her porch steps (门廊阶梯). She was so 26 that she stormed inside and questioned her daughter, “Why did you have to order coffee on a rainy day? You have two legs and a 27 five feet away.” Then she posted the video online, and started a GoFundMe for Robert. Within five days, strangers donated nearly $1 million. Anna was so moved by the 28 of strangers that she personally handed Robert the check. Robert is 29 , but says he still wants to deliver 30 . He says the work gave him a sense of purpose when he needed it most, and he won’t 31 it now that he simply doesn’t. 17．A．memory B．choice C．challenge D．experience 18．A．struggle B．warning C．proof D．relief 19．A．insist B．escape C．relax D．survive 20．A．consult B．honour C．hire D．assist 21．A．surprised B．shamed C．threatened D．convinced 22．A．put aside B．relied on C．narrowed down D．complained about 23．A．orders B．routes C．excuses D．requests 24．A．sell B．fix C．check D．relocate 25．A．exchanging B．covering C．heating D．packaging 26．A．confused B．embarrassed C．regretful D．annoyed 27．A．kitchen B．market C．neighbour D．cook 28．A．loyalty B．curiosity C．generosity D．honesty 29．A．nervous B．satisfied C．worried D．grateful 30．A．occasionally B．eventually C．instantly D．efficiently 31．A．transform B．abandon C．forget D．recommend 三、语法填空 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 With the popularity of Pop Mart characters, it is no surprise that Pop Mart’s first theme park located in Beijing’s Chaoyang Park — POP LAND — 32 (become) a top destination for fans recently. On a warm mid-April afternoon, inside the park, a group of young British 33 (tourist) laughed, took photos, and discovered the stories behind the toy figures they had long collected back home. Present were the student union representatives (代表) from different UK universities, 34 came to Chaoyang district to experience Chinese culture, explore 35 (advance) technology and build bridges of understanding. “I had no idea that all these different characters were under Pop Mart,” said Maximilian Camara. He had bought a Crybaby blind box at a London mall, only 36 (discover) later that the unusual little toy had taken British social media by storm. For Molokwu, the visit brought an unexpected joy. “I loved the Powerpuff Girls growing up. I didn’t even know Molly was one of them — and she’s in Pop Land!” She 37 (proud) showed off a limited-edition headphone case. 38 impressed her even more was the brand’s IP protection. “If you come here, you can see all of this, but you won’t find it anywhere else. It offers a chance for fans to take pictures with the toy maker’s flagship characters in different settings, 39 (range) from a European-inspired white castle to a leafy tree house,” she added. Leaving Pop Mart, Molokwu was still deeply absorbed 40 the beauty of Chaoyang Park. The students also walked the Great Wall, watched a robot do a backflip and experienced eye-tracking technology 41 (design) to assist people with mobility issues at the Zhongguancun (Chaoyang) Internet 3.0 Park. 四、写作 假定你是李华，你现在正面临选科，内心十分迷茫。请给你的外国朋友Dave写一封电子邮件，内容包括： （1）说明写信原因； （2）描述问题和征询建议； （3）表示感谢。 注意： （1）写作词数应为80个左右； （2）请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。 Dear Dave, _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Yours, Li Hua ( 1 / 2 )学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $