专题08 名词性从句（结构化知识+题型提升练）2027年高考英语一轮复习能力突破

该高中英语高考复习学案系统梳理了名词性从句专题，涵盖主语、宾语、表语、同位语从句四大类，通过连接词分类表、易混辨析表（that与what、if与whether等）构建知识网络，结合真题分析引导学生自主归纳从句结构与用法，形成系统性知识框架。 亮点在于结构化清单与分层练习设计，如基础练习中的语法填空和句子改写任务，帮助学生自主诊断薄弱点，附加题要求分析阅读语篇中的名词性从句，提升语言能力与思维品质。教师可通过学情反馈精准指导，助力学生高效备考。

2027年高考英语一轮复习能力突破（结构化知识+题型提升练） 专题08 名词性从句 目录 第一部分 必备知识结构化清单 梳理必备的语言知识点，夯实语言基础能力 第二部分 知识运用题型强化练 必备知识与能力提升练，提升语言运用能力 ◇Part 01 必备知识结构化清单 知｜识｜清｜单 真题分析 【真题再现】 【2026年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试(全国Ⅰ卷)阅读理解B篇】Not long ago, my fifth-grade son Kevin asked me about the meaning of a word in a novel. “Look it up,” I responded. “But my screen time is off,” he said. I looked pointedly at the bookshelf that held at least three dictionaries, and Kevin sighed (叹气) dramatically. “Can’t you just use your phone?” he asked. Suddenly it occurred to me that he did not even know how to use a dictionary. I took down one of the dictionaries, and we read it together for a few minutes before I handed it to him. It took him a few tries to find the word in question. While going through the pages, he kept saying, wide-eyed: “How can there be this many words?” After a while, he looked at me and asked, “Do you know all these words, Mom?” I smiled. “I definitely do not know all these words,” I said. “But that’s why this is one of my favorite books.” I had my first dictionary as a gift for my 13th birthday. I decided that I wanted to learn as many words as I could and started marking every entry I looked up with a pencil to measure my progress. I continued to make these pencil marks for years, and when I went off to college, I packed that dictionary in my suitcase. Kevin wanted to see the dictionary. I felt a small pain in my chest. The dictionary was stolen at the end of my freshman year of college. “That’s so sad,” he said, “but you still know all those words, even without the book.” I realized that this was true. I still made it through the next three years of college, even without the book. And it wasn’t, ultimately, the dictionary that got me there — not really. Now I understand that although my son may be learning differently, he is still learning. It’s not about the words themselves or how we learn them, but the wanting to know them, the curiosity and the appetite. 24. What does Kevin usually do to get the meaning of a word? A. Use electronic devices. B. Consult a paper dictionary. C. Guess from the context. D. Turn to his English teacher. 25. How did Kevin feel while looking up the word in the dictionary? A. Annoyed. B. Disappointed. C. Encouraged. D. Astonished. 26. What can we learn about the author’s first dictionary? A. It helped her through college. B. It was given to Kevin as a gift. C. It bore witness to her efforts. D. It was a valuable limited edition. 27. What has the author come to realize about learning? A. It is never too late to start. B. Motivation is what really matters. C. Children need role models. D. Dictionaries are still a useful tool. （答案：24. A 25. D 26. C 27. B） 【要点分析】 阅读语篇中名词性从句使用情况简析 原句 从句类型 引导词 从句结构 句式分析 1 Suddenly it occurred to me that he did not even know how to use a dictionary. 主语从句（it作形式主语） that 从句主干：he（主语）+ did not even know（谓语）+ how to use a dictionary（宾语） 1. 固定句型it occurred to sb. that，it充当形式主语，避免句子头重脚轻； 2. that引导真正的主语从句，that无实际语义、不在从句中充当任何句子成分，仅起连接作用； 3. 从句语序为正常陈述句语序。 2 I decided that I wanted to learn as many words as I could and started marking every entry I looked up with a pencil to measure my progress. 及物动词后的宾语从句 that 从句主干：I（主语）+ wanted（谓语）+ to learn...（宾语），and并列谓语started 1. 认知、决定类及物动词decide后可接that引导宾语从句； 2. that可省略，从句用来完整陈述内心想法、计划； 3. 从句内部可并列谓语，保持陈述语序。 3 I realized that this was true. 及物动词后的宾语从句 that 从句主干：this（主语）+ was（系动词）+ true（表语） 1. 感悟类动词realize后接that宾语从句，用来表达内心顿悟、认知； 2. 从句为主系表基础句型，语序不倒装。 4 Now I understand that although my son may be learning differently, he is still learning. 及物动词后的宾语从句 that 从句嵌套让步状语从句：although引导分句作让步，主句he（主语）+ is still learning（谓语） 1. that引导的宾语从句内部可嵌套状语从句（让步/时间/条件等），从句结构可复合化； 2. 外层that只承担连接主句与宾语从句的功能，不影响内部状语从句逻辑。 知识回顾 名词性从句相当于名词的作用，在主句中充当主语、宾语、表语、同位语，包括主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句。所有名词性从句均使用陈述语序（引导词+主语+谓语）。 一、名词性从句三大类连接词 连接词类别 单词 句子成分 自身含义 能否省略 例句 纯连词（无实义，不作成分） that 不作任何成分 无 宾语从句可省，其余从句不可省 That he will win is certain. 他会赢是肯定的。 纯连词（表“是否”） if / whether 不作任何成分 是否 不可省 I don’t know if/whether he will come. 我不知道他是否会来。 连接代词（作主/宾/定） what, which, who, whom, whose, whatever, whoever 主语/宾语/定语 什么/哪一个/谁 不可省 What he said moved us. 他说的话打动了我们。 连接副词（作状语） when, where, why, how 时间/地点/原因/方式状语 何时/何地/为何/如何 不可省 I don’t know how he solved the problem. 我不知道他如何解决这个问题。 二、名词性从句的主要用法 1.主语从句（从句作句子主语） 两种结构：①从句前置；②it作形式主语（高考高频） 结构类型 用法规则 例句 从句前置（that/wh-词开头） 谓语动词常用单数 That she refused the offer surprised everyone. 她拒绝了这份邀约，所有人都很惊讶。 Who will take charge hasn’t been decided. 谁来负责还没有定下来。 It作形式主语 It + be/不及物动词 + 真正主语从句 It is obvious that he is lying. 很明显他在撒谎。 It doesn’t matter whether you agree or not. 你同不同意都没关系。 含it的固定句型 It is a fact that…事实是… It is a pity that…遗憾的是… It is a pity that you missed the lecture. 你错过了讲座，太可惜了。 2.宾语从句（从句作动词/介词/形容词的宾语） 类型 核心规则 例句 动词后宾语从句 1. 主句过去时，从句时态倒退； 2. 主句一般现在，从句时态按需 I think (that) he is honest.（that可省） 我认为他很诚实。 He said he had finished homework. 他说他写完作业了。 介词后宾语从句 只能用whether，不能用if We are arguing about whether we should give up. 我们在争论是否该放弃。 形容词后宾语从句 表情绪形容词：sure/afraid/glad I’m afraid that I can’t help you. 恐怕我帮不了你。 否定转移 主句主语I/We，动词think/believe，否定移至主句 I don’t think he will give up. 我认为他不会放弃。（不说I think he won’t…） 3.表语从句（放在连系动词后） 引导词 使用规则 例句 that 无词义，绝对不能省略 The truth is that he lost his way. 真相是他迷路了。 wh-连接词（what/why/how等） 保留疑问含义 My question is where we will meet tomorrow. 我的问题是我们明天在哪见面。 whether 表“是否”，不用if The problem is whether we have enough money. 问题是我们是否有足够的钱。 4.同位语从句（解释抽象名词内容，易和定语从句混淆） 常修饰名词：fact, news, idea, promise, hope, doubt, suggestion 核心规则 例句 that仅起引导作用，不作成分，不省略；从句完整完整句子 I heard the news that our team won the game. 我听到了我们队获胜的消息。 The fact that he lied shocked us. 他撒谎这个事实让我们震惊。 wh-引导同位语从句 I have no idea when he will return. 我不知道他什么时候回来。 三、高频易混辨析表（高考重难点） 辨析1：that与what 单词 句法功能 有无词义 从句完整性 对比例句 that 不作任何成分 无含义 从句主谓宾齐全 I know that he likes music.（从句完整） what 作主/宾/表 译为“…的事物/话” 从句缺主语/宾语 I know what he likes.（like缺宾语） 辨析2：if 与whether（“是否”） 只能用whether的场景 例句 介词后面 It depends on whether you try hard. 与or not连用 I don’t know whether or not he comes. 作主语/表语/同位语从句引导词 Whether we go camping is unknown. 不定式to前 She hasn’t decided whether to leave. 辨析3：同位语从句与定语从句（最易丢分） 对比维度 同位语从句 定语从句 从句作用 解释名词具体内容 修饰、限定名词 that功能 不作成分，无词义 代指先行词，作主/宾 去掉that 句子依然完整通顺 句子缺少成分，不完整 对比例句 The news that he passed exam is true. （同位语：消息内容是他考试通过） The news that you told me is true. （定语从句：that作told宾语，你告诉我的那条消息） 基｜础｜练｜习 一、阅读下面短文，在空白处填入 1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Traditional Chinese paper-cutting is a famous folk art with a history of more than 1500 years. It is widely popular in rural areas of China. Paper-cutting works 1 (main) use red paper, because red stands for luck and joy in Chinese culture. People often stick paper-cutting on windows, doors and walls 2 (celebrate) festivals and weddings. The skills of paper-cutting are simple but flexible. Without any complex tools, people only need scissors and paper 3 (create) vivid works. Common patterns include flowers, animals and Chinese characters, 4 carry people’s best wishes. In the past, paper-cutting 5 (pass) down by local folk artists from generation to generation. Nowadays, this traditional art 6 (face) new development chances. More young people begin to learn paper-cutting. Many schools have set up paper-cutting clubs to help students understand traditional culture. Paper-cutting is not only a kind of art, 7 also a cultural symbol of China. It records local customs and reflects people’s love for life. In 2006, Chinese paper-cutting 8 (list) as national intangible cultural heritage. With the spread of Chinese culture overseas, paper-cutting has won 9 (great) popularity around the world. It has become a wonderful bridge 10 cultural communication between China and other countries. 【答案】1．mainly 2．to celebrate 3．to create 4．which 5．was passed 6．is facing 7．but 8．was listed 9．great 10．for 【解析】文章主要介绍了中国传统剪纸艺术的历史、文化内涵、传承现状及其国际影响力。 1．考查副词。句意：剪纸作品主要使用红纸，因为红色在中国文化中代表幸运和喜悦。本空修饰动词use，作状语，用副词mainly“主要地”。 52．考查非谓语动词。句意：人们经常把剪纸贴在窗户、门和墙上，以庆祝节日和婚礼。本空在句中作目的状语，应用celebrate“庆祝”的不定式形式。 3．考查非谓语动词。句意：不需要任何复杂的工具，人们只需要剪刀和纸就能创作出栩栩如生的作品。本句为固定句型“主语+need+宾语+to do sth.”，意为“需要……做某事”，空处应用create“创作”的不定式形式。 4．考查定语从句。句意：常见的图案包括花卉、动物和汉字，这些都承载着人们最美好的祝愿。本空引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是Common patterns，指物，关系词在从句中作主语，应用关系代词which引导。故填which。 5．考查时态和语态。句意：在过去，剪纸是由当地民间艺人一代代传承下来的。根据时间状语In the past可知，句子陈述过去的事情，且主语paper-cutting与pass之间是被动关系，应用一般过去时的被动语态，主语为不可数名词，be动词用was。 6．考查时态和主谓一致。句意：如今，这一传统艺术正面临新的发展机遇。根据时间状语Nowadays可知，句子描述当前正在发生的事，应用现在进行时，主语this traditional art为第三人称单数，be动词用is，谓语用is facing。 7．考查固定搭配。句意：剪纸不仅是一种艺术，也是中国的文化象征。固定搭配not only...but also...，意为“不仅……而且……”。 8．考查时态和语态。句意：2006年，中国剪纸被列入国家级非物质文化遗产名录。根据时间状语In 2006可知，句子陈述过去的事情，且主语Chinese paper-cutting与list之间是被动关系，应用一般过去时的被动语态，主语为不可数名词，be动词用was，谓语用was listed。 9．考查形容词。句意：随着中国文化在海外的传播，剪纸在世界各地赢得了很高的知名度。本空修饰名词popularity，作定语，用形容词great“极大的”。 10．考查介词。句意：它已成为中国与世界各国文化交流的一座美妙桥梁。a bridge for...意为“一座通往……的桥梁”。本空填介词for，表示“为了，用于”， 二、根据表格中的内容，按照改写要求合并表格所给的句子。 原句 改写要求 改写后的句子 1 Red stands for luck and joy in Chinese culture. Many people all know this truth. 用宾语从句合并两句，主句主语为Many people 2 Paper-cutting was listed as national intangible cultural heritage in 2006. It is an important fact. 用that引导后置主语从句改写，以It作形式主语 3 Paper-cutting serves as a bridge for cultural communication between China and other countries. This is its greatest value. 用表语从句合并两句，主句主语为Its greatest value 4 Paper-cutting has a history of more than 1500 years. The fact surprises lots of foreign visitors. 用that引导同位语从句修饰the fact 5 Paper-cutting faces new development chances nowadays. What young people all believe is this point. 调整语序，用what引导主语从句重构句子 【参考答案】 原句 改写要求 改写后的句子 1 Red stands for luck and joy in Chinese culture. Many people all know this truth. 用宾语从句合并两句，主句主语为Many people Many people all know that red stands for luck and joy in Chinese culture. 2 Paper-cutting was listed as national intangible cultural heritage in 2006. It is an important fact. 用that引导后置主语从句改写，以It作形式主语 It is an important fact that paper-cutting was listed as national intangible cultural heritage in 2006. 3 Paper-cutting serves as a bridge for cultural communication between China and other countries. This is its greatest value. 用表语从句合并两句，主句主语为Its greatest value Its greatest value is that paper-cutting serves as a bridge for cultural communication between China and other countries. 4 Paper-cutting has a history of more than 1500 years. The fact surprises lots of foreign visitors. 用that引导同位语从句修饰the fact The fact that paper-cutting has a history of more than 1500 years surprises lots of foreign visitors. 5 Paper-cutting faces new development chances nowadays. What young people all believe is this point. 调整语序，用what引导主语从句重构句子 What young people all believe is that paper-cutting faces new development chances nowadays. ◇Part 02 知识运用题型强化练 一、阅读理解 1 “Musab. I’m sending New Year greetings from the peak of the world!” This heartfelt message from a Tibetan friend reminded me of my unforgettable cultural journey to Xizang in 2024. My fascination began at Minzu University, where vibrant Tibetan dances every Friday night showcased the region’s cultural beauty. Students in traditional attire (服饰) led the dance, their energy uniting participants from diverse backgrounds. These moments sparked my dream to dance atop the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau. This dream came true through a university-organized trip. Arriving in Lhasa, I initially struggled with the 3,000-meter altitude but was deeply moved by the locals’ warmth, which outweighed any physical discomfort. Their warmth made meaningful connections between us. The journey showed Tibet’s rich culture through iconic sites like Potala Palace and bustling Barkhor Street. Tasting butter tea for the first time was amazing, offering new insight into Tibetan traditions. In Nudu Village, the head shared his vision for improving residents’ livelihoods, highlighting regional progress. On my final night, I joined a Tibetan dance circle under the stars, drinking butter tea with new friends. This full-circle moment mirrored the dances back at university, fulfilling my dream while proving that human connections — not just landscapes — make travels truly special. 1．What initially inspired the author’s interest in Tibetan culture? A．A New Year message. B．Stories about butter tea. C．University dance gatherings. D．Pictures of Potala Palace. 2．How did the author describe the Tibetan people’s warmth? A．By focusing on medical assistance. B．By showing their dance instructions. C．By mentioning university friendships. D．By comparing it with altitude challenges. 3．Which experience gave the author new understanding of Tibetan culture? A．Tasting butter tea. B．Climbing mountains. C．Visiting Nudu Village. D．Meeting the trip organizers. 4．Which of the following is the best title for the text? A．Overcoming Altitude Sickness: My Memorable Trip to Lhasa B．Butter Tea and Starry Nights: The Culinary Wonders of Tibet C．Experiencing Tibetan Traditions: Exploring Potala Palace and Barkhor Street D．A Cultural Journey to Tibet: From University Dances to Cultural Connections 附加题1：根据上述阅读语篇的内容，分析其中的名词性从句的用法。 原句 从句类型 从句使用分析 This full-circle moment mirrored the dances back at university, fulfilling my dream while proving that human connections — not just landscapes — make travels truly special. 1. 引导词： 2. 语序： 3. 时态呼应： 4. 省略规则： 2 Samvith Mahadevan, 14, suffers from severe food allergies. “I have eagerly eaten foods, only to experience an itchy mouth, a sore throat, and swollen eyes that are all obvious signs of an allergic reaction,” he says. He was upset that many available allergen sensors (过敏源检测器) were so expensive and required contact with food, making them not very useful in daily life. Inspired by how accurately ants seem to find food, Mahadevan decided to train a volatile organic compound (VOC) sensor. He used machine learning to identify allergens by “smelling” food particles (分子) floating in the air. The boy started with a low-cost VOC sensor, and trained the sensor with a machine learning program. He exposed the sensor to samples of peanuts, eggs, almonds, and walnuts. When he first started training his system, the accuracy was very low and he had to try a lot of different approaches. There were a lot of failures along the way. He constantly changed the allergen samples he was using. However, that didn’t work. The accuracy only improved significantly after he changed some parts of his machine learning program. After training his program over 2,048 rounds of testing, Mahadevan tested his sensor on real-world products with allergens, such as almond cookies, peanut butter caramel balls, curries, and muffins. His “nose” achieved an accuracy rate of 94 to 97 percent in identifying allergens. “This was quite motivating because it showed me that this idea has a big future. With further development, we could save a lot of lives,” he recalls. Mahadevan’s research earned him the Lemelson Foundation Award for Invention in 2024. The boy says, “Once you think about a problem you want to solve, you can keep it in the back of your mind. You have to be observant all the time and have a curious mind. Sometimes, inexperience develops out-of-the-box thinking.” 5．Why did Mahadevan develop his own allergen sensor? A．He wanted to cure his food allergy completely. B．Existing sensors were impractical in daily life. C．He couldn’t afford the expensive sensors on the market. D．Ant behavior studies proved existing sensors ineffective. 6．What does the invention imply for allergy sufferers? A．It works only in laboratory environment. B．It replaces the need for medical treatment. C．It helps avoid allergens without touching food. D．It identifies all the allergies in the real world. 7．What contributed to the obvious increase of the sensor’s accuracy? A．Increasing testing rounds to 2,048. B．Using more diverse allergen samples. C．Switching to a higher-quality VOC sensor. D．Improving the machine learning program. 8．Which of the following words can best describe Mahadevan? A．Observant and proud. B．Persistent and creative. C．Generous and optimistic. D．Cautious and modest. 附加题2：根据上述阅读语篇的内容，分析其中的名词性从句的用法。 原句 从句类型 从句使用分析 1 He was upset that many available allergen sensors were so expensive and required contact with food. 1. 句式特征： 2. 引导词： 3. 时态呼应： 2 This was quite motivating because it showed me that this idea has a big future. 1. 动词搭配： 2. 时态特殊点： 3. 语序规则： 3 When it comes to natural beauty and great outdoor destinations, Colorado stands out as an exceptional choice, offering various camping experiences for nature lovers. Discover your ultimate Colorado camping adventure among these four incredible spots! Maroon Bells Consisting of a pair of 14,000-foot snow-capped mountains, the Maroon Bells offers breathtaking views all year long. There are three campsites in the mountain’s shadow, which are situated close to the town of Aspen. This is highly convenient if you need to collect food or drinks or just want to walk around town for a bit. Piñon Flats Campground For a different camping experience, travel to the Great Sand Dunes (沙丘) National Park. This destination features towering dunes rather than snow-capped peaks. While skiing and snowboarding are popular winter sports in Colorado, sandboarding here offers a unique adventure. For those with limited mobility, there are five different campsites that are wheelchair accessible. Angel of Shavano Campgrounds Located inside the San Isabel National Forest, this campground is rarely ever crowded. This is partly due to its remote nature, which requires a three-hour drive from Denver to get to the location. Therefore, it’s quite easy to reserve a spot, even during the busier summer months. The thickly wooded forest is also an ideal place for those looking to escape the busy modern life. Moraine Park Campground The site offers excellent views of the breathtaking landscapes. And sharp-eyed campers can often spot passing wildlife with black bears, mountain lions, and elk all living within the park. Meanwhile, it is another option for those with limited mobility. There are four wheelchair accessible campsites you can reserve in advance. 9．Which is the easiest campground to book in busy seasons? A．Maroon Bells. B．Piñon Flats. C．Angel of Shavano. D．Moraine Park. 10．What special experience does Piñon Flats offer to visitors? A．Observing passing wildlife. B．Sandboarding down towering dunes. C．Using wheelchair-friendly facilities. D．Admiring snow-capped mountains. 11．What is the main purpose of the text? A．To recommend outdoor activities. B．To introduce famous camping sites. C．To compare different campgrounds. D．To attract tourists to the camping sites. 4 Just over half (51%) of published novelists in the UK say that artificial intelligence (AI) is likely to entirely replace their work, a new University of Cambridge study has found. 59% of novelists say they know their work has been used to train AI Large Language Models (LLMs) without permission or payment. Most (85%) novelists expect their future income to be driven down by AI. The study, led by Dr. Clementine Collett, surveyed 258 novelists to estimate how AI is viewed and used in the world of British fiction. Genre authors are considered to be the most easily replaceable, according to the report, with 66% of all those surveyed listing romance authors as “extremely threatened”, followed closely by writers of thrillers (61%) and crime (60%). Despite these concerns, overall attitude in UK fiction is not anti-AI, with 80% of participants in the survey agreeing that AI offers benefits to parts of society. In fact, most novelists use AI in their writing process, mainly for “non-creative” tasks such as information search. Novelists feel copyright (版权) laws have not been respected since the emergence of generative AI. They call for respecting copyright and fair payment for the use of their work. Many warn of a potential loss of originality in fiction, as well as the loss of trust between writers and readers if AI use is not public. Some worry that suspicions of AI use could damage their reputation. Writers fear AI may weaken the deep human connection between writers and readers at a time when reading is already at historically low levels, particularly among the next generation; only a third of UK children say they enjoy reading in their free time. Many novelists think AI could lead to plain, more formulaic fiction that increases stereotypes (刻板印象) and they want to see more AI-free creative writing on the school curriculum and government-backed initiatives aimed at finding new voices to counter risks of homogeneity in fiction brought about by generative AI. 12．What phenomenon does the author point out in paragraph 1? A．Novelists’ income has stopped growing. B．Novelists fear AI may change their work. C．AI brings unexpected benefits to novelists. D．Novelists actively resist the application of AI. 13．What is the majority view on AI in UK fiction? A．It can improve creativity capability. B．It will replace traditional search tools. C．It has no practical value for society. D．It serves as an aid in the writing process. 14．What is the novelists’ opinion regarding their work being used to train AI? A．It should be prohibited completely. B．AI’s learning mode should be enhanced. C．It should respect their rights and interests. D．Gaining high fees is their top demand. 15．What does the underlined word “homogeneity” in the last paragraph mean? A．Similarity. B．Contradiction. C．Competition. D．Misunderstanding. 附加题3：根据上述阅读语篇的内容，分析其中的名词性从句的用法。 原句 从句类型 从句使用分析 1 A new University of Cambridge study has found that artificial intelligence (AI) is likely to entirely replace their work. 1. 文体特征： 2. 省略规则： 3. 长难句规律： 2 Writers fear that AI may weaken the deep human connection between writers and readers. 1. 动词归类： 2. 时态呼应： 3. 否定转移： 二、完形填空 At Texas A&M University, the halls of learning held more than just lectures and late-night study sessions. They held the footsteps of a (n) 16 mom who turned her dream into four college degrees. Jessica Caldwell, a mother of four, spent over a decade 17 the classrooms overnight, 18 more than 26,000 miles behind a cleaning cart (手推车). But what makes her story 19 isn’t just the distance she covered, it’s the 20 she made along the way. When her shift 21 at 5 a.m., she had just enough time to 22 her children before running to attend college courses. “I am 23 for cleaning two of the three buildings on the campus, and some classrooms have computers,” she said. “So I can find a seat easily and work on my 24 online during my lunch breaks since I have little time to do homework in the evening.” Her full-time job made earning a traditional teaching degree 25 impossible, but the professors who saw her potential helped her find a (n) 26 . By day, she studied in the classroom she cleaned at night, 27 late shifts into stepping stones. She has completed her bachelor’s and master’s degrees while raising four kids and working full-time, and now she’s 28 to earn her teacher’s license. “Just be 29 as far as continuing on something that you want to achieve,” Jessica Caldwell says. With a mop (拖把) in one hand and a master’s degree in the other, Jessica proved that determination can 30 through the quiet corners of a university hallway. 16．A．curious B．gentle C．exhausted D．determined 17．A．sweeping B．decorating C．designing D．monitoring 18．A．measuring B．recording C．walking D．transporting 19．A．confusing B．amusing C．terrifying D．inspiring 20．A．fortune B．impression C．adjustment D．journey 21．A．delayed B．approached C．ended D．changed 22．A．care for B．calm down C．cheer up D．hand over 23．A．fit B．responsible C．fearful D．anxious 24．A．proof B．application C．thought D．assignment 25．A．nearly B．hardly C．merely D．genuinely 26．A．solution B．excuse C．target D．shortcut 27．A．forcing B．stuffing C．tricking D．transforming 28．A．hesitant B．ready C．opposed D．ashamed 29．A．independent B．innovative C．persistent D．generous 30．A．occupy B．shine C．drill D．guard 三、语法填空 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 For more than 2, 000 years, the Chinese people 31 (guide) by the ideas of Confucianism. Now in Confucius’ birthplace, Shandong province, ancient traditions are not just words in textbooks, but are brilliant, real experiences. Elizova Elizaveta, 32 23-year-old Russian student learning Chinese in Qufu, Shandong, recently took part in one such experience. As she 33 (careful) smoothed a sheet of paper over a stone and sprinkled (喷洒) it with water, she experienced the magic of the age-old technique of rubbings (拓印). “This unique practice, which does not exist in Russia, is 34 makes Chinese culture so fascinating,” she said, 35 (trace) the emerging image with her fingers. Not too far away in Luyuan village in Qufu, tourists get the opportunity to participate in various traditional experiences. They can try their hand 36 weaving delicate lujin and watch thrilling acrobatic (杂技的) performances from up close. These examples of intangible cultural heritage, once nearly 37 (forget), are gaining new life by combining with modern tourism. They represent Shandong’s push for creative 38 (transform) and innovative development of fine traditional Chinese culture. As the birthplace of Qilu culture and home to great thinkers, Shandong uses its long history 39 (keep) old traditions alive today. The province hosted the 11th Nishan Forum on World Civilizations in July 2025, 40 brought together more than 560 guests from over 70 countries and regions. Participants explored the interplay between cultural diversity and modernization. 四、写作 假如你是李华，你校将在9月举办读书活动——“书香嘉年华”（Book Carnival）。请给你的外教Mr. Johnson写一封邮件，邀请他参加本次活动，内容包括： 1．活动介绍； 2．邀请Mr. Johnson做读书分享。 注意：1．字数100左右；2．可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；3．不得出现真实姓名和校名。 Dear Mr. Johnson, _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Yours, Li Hua 参考答案 一、 1 1．C 2．D 3．A 4．D 【解析】本文主要讲述了作者从大学时期对藏族舞蹈的向往，到2024年亲身前往西藏实现梦想的难忘文化之旅。 1．细节理解题。根据第二段“My fascination began at Minzu University, where vibrant Tibetan dances every Friday night showcased the region’s cultural beauty. Students in traditional attire (服饰) led the dance, their energy uniting participants from diverse backgrounds. These moments sparked my dream to dance atop the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau. (我的迷恋始于民族大学，那里每周五晚上充满活力的藏族舞蹈展示了该地区的文化之美。身着传统服饰的学生们领舞，他们的热情将来自不同背景的参与者团结在一起。这些时刻点燃了我梦想在青藏高原上跳舞的火花。)”可知，大学舞蹈聚会最初激发了作者对藏族文化的兴趣。 2．细节理解题。根据第三段“Arriving in Lhasa, I initially struggled with the 3,000-meter altitude but was deeply moved by the locals’ warmth, which outweighed any physical discomfort. (抵达拉萨时，我最初在3000米的海拔上感到不适，但当地人的热情深深打动了我，这种热情超过了任何身体上的不适。)”可知，作者通过将当地人的热情与高海拔挑战进行对比来描述这种温暖。 3．细节理解题。根据第四段“Tasting butter tea for the first time was amazing, offering new insight into Tibetan traditions. (第一次品尝酥油茶令人惊叹，让我对藏族传统有了新的认识。)”可知，品尝酥油茶让作者对藏族文化有了新的理解。 4．主旨大意题。根据第二段“My fascination began at Minzu University, where vibrant Tibetan dances every Friday night showcased the region’s cultural beauty. (我的迷恋始于民族大学，那里每周五晚上充满活力的藏族舞蹈展示了该地区的文化之美。)”以及最后一段“This full-circle moment mirrored the dances back at university, fulfilling my dream while proving that human connections — not just landscapes — make travels truly special. (这个圆满的时刻映照了大学时的舞蹈，实现了我的梦想，同时证明了真正让旅行变得特别的不仅仅是风景，还有人与人之间的联系。)”可知，文章主要讲述了从大学舞蹈到文化联系的文化之旅，所以“西藏文化之旅：从大学舞蹈到文化交流”适合作为文章标题。 附加题1：根据上述阅读语篇的内容，分析其中的名词性从句的用法。 原句 从句类型 从句使用分析 This full-circle moment mirrored the dances back at university, fulfilling my dream while proving that human connections — not just landscapes — make travels truly special. 动词后that引导的宾语从句 1. 引导词：陈述句含义，不缺成分不缺含义，用that引导宾语从句，that在从句中无词义、不充当句子成分； 2. 语序：从句全程使用陈述语序，无需倒装； 3. 时态呼应：主句谓语proving为现在分词（一般现在时语境），从句谓语make用一般现在时，主从句时态保持一致； 4. 省略规则：动词prove后的that引导宾语从句，口语和书面语中均可省略that，本句为书面正式文本，保留that提升句式严谨度。 2 5．B 6．C 7．D 8．B 【解析】这篇文章主要讲述了14岁过敏少年萨姆维特·马哈德万因现有检测器不便，受蚂蚁启发研制空气检测传感器，历经多次调试后准确率极高，还斩获发明奖，并分享创新心得。 5．细节理解题。根据第二段中“He was upset that many available allergen sensors (过敏源检测器) were so expensive and required contact with food, making them not very useful in daily life. (他感到沮丧的是，市面上许多过敏原传感器价格昂贵，且需要接触食物，因此在日常生活中实用性很低。)”可知，现有过敏源传感器普遍价格高昂，且必须接触食物才能检测，在日常生活中实用性很差，这是马哈德万自主研发设备的核心原因。 6．推理判断题。根据第二段中“Inspired by how accurately ants seem to find food, Mahadevan decided to train a volatile organic compound (VOC) sensor. He used machine learning to identify allergens by “smelling” food particles (分子) floating in the air. (受到蚂蚁似乎能准确找到食物的启发，马哈德万决定训练一个挥发性有机化合物（VOC）传感器。他利用机器学习技术，通过“嗅闻”空气中漂浮的食物颗粒来识别过敏原。)”可推知，这款传感器通过识别空气中漂浮的食物分子检测过敏源，无需接触食物，能帮助过敏人群在不触碰食物的前提下规避过敏源。 7．细节理解题。根据第三段中“He constantly changed the allergen samples he was using. However, that didn’t work. The accuracy only improved significantly after he changed some parts of his machine learning program. (他不断更换使用的过敏原样本，但始终没有效果。直到他调整了机器学习程序的部分内容后，准确率才显著提高。)”可知，更换过敏源样本并未提升准确率，真正让检测准确率显著提高的，是他对机器学习程序的部分内容进行了优化调整。 8．推理判断题。根据第二段中“Inspired by how accurately ants seem to find food, Mahadevan decided to train a volatile organic compound (VOC) sensor. (受到蚂蚁似乎能准确找到食物的启发，马哈德万决定训练一个挥发性有机化合物（VOC）传感器。)”体现了马哈德万富有创造力的的特点；以及第三段中“When he first started training his system, the accuracy was very low and he had to try a lot of different approaches. There were a lot of failures along the way. He constantly changed the allergen samples he was using. However, that didn’t work. The accuracy only improved significantly after he changed some parts of his machine learning program. (刚开始训练时，系统的准确率非常低，他不得不尝试多种不同的方法，过程中经历了多次失败。他不断更换使用的过敏原样本，但始终没有效果。直到他调整了机器学习程序的部分内容后，准确率才显著提高。)”体现了马哈德万坚持不懈的特质；由此可推知，马哈德万是一个坚持不懈且富有创造力的人。 附加题2：根据上述阅读语篇的内容，分析其中的名词性从句的用法。 原句 从句类型 从句使用分析 1 He was upset that many available allergen sensors were so expensive and required contact with food. 形容词upset后宾语从句（高考易考小众考点） 1. 句式特征：表示情绪、态度的形容词（upset/sorry/afraid/sure等）后可直接衔接that宾语从句，说明产生情绪的具体原因； 2. 引导词：从句语义完整、成分齐全，that无词义不作成分，不可随意省略； 3. 时态呼应：主句一般过去时was upset，从句同步使用一般过去时were，贴合过去叙事语境。 2 This was quite motivating because it showed me that this idea has a big future. 双宾语结构中宾语从句 1. 动词搭配：show为双宾语动词，结构为show sb. sth.，本句中sth.替换为完整宾语从句； 2. 时态特殊点：主句为一般过去时showed，但从句描述客观真理/长远客观事实，从句保留一般现在时has，突破“主过从必过”基础规则； 3. 语序规则：从句严格采用陈述语序，无疑问句式倒装。 3 9．C 10．B 11．D 【解析】本文推荐了科罗拉多州四个适合自然爱好者的露营胜地，旨在吸引游客前往体验。 9．细节理解题。根据Angel of Shavano Campgrounds部分的描述“This is partly due to its remote nature, which requires a three-hour drive from Denver to get to the location. Therefore, it’s quite easy to reserve a spot, even during the busier summer months. (这部分是由于其偏远的性质，从丹佛需要三小时车程才能到达。因此，即使在繁忙的夏季，预订位置也相当容易。)”可知，Angel of Shavano在繁忙季节最容易预订。 10．细节理解题。根据Piñon Flats Campground部分的描述“This destination features towering dunes rather than snow-capped peaks. While skiing and snowboarding are popular winter sports in Colorado, sandboarding here offers a unique adventure. (这个目的地以高耸的沙丘而非雪山为特色。虽然滑雪和单板滑雪是科罗拉多州受欢迎的冬季运动，但这里的沙板运动提供了独特的冒险体验。)”可知，Piñon Flats为游客提供沙丘沙板运动的特殊体验。 11．推理判断题。文章开篇指出科罗拉多州是自然美景和户外胜地的绝佳选择，随后详细介绍了Maroon Bells、Piñon Flats、Angel of Shavano和Moraine Park四个露营地的特色，旨在吸引游客前往这些露营地体验。 4 12．B 13．D 14．C 15．A 【解析】文章介绍剑桥大学研究发现英国小说家担忧人工智能取代工作、压低收入，同时业内不反对AI，作家呼吁版权保护并担忧小说同质化等问题。 12．细节理解题。根据第一段“Just over half (51%) of published novelists in the UK say that artificial intelligence (AI) is likely to entirely replace their work, a new University of Cambridge study has found. 59% of novelists say they know their work has been used to train AI Large Language Models (LLMs) without permission or payment. Most (85%) novelists expect their future income to be driven down by AI.(剑桥大学一项新研究发现，略超半数（51%）的英国已出版作品的小说家表示，人工智能可能会彻底取代他们的工作。59%的小说家称，自己的作品在未经许可、未获报酬的情况下被用于训练人工智能大语言模型。大多数（85%）小说家预计自己未来的收入会因人工智能而下降)”可知，第一段主要指出英国小说家担忧人工智能会取代其工作、影响收入，害怕人工智能改变他们的工作现状。 13．细节理解题。根据第三段“Despite these concerns, overall attitude in UK fiction is not anti-AI, with 80% of participants in the survey agreeing that AI offers benefits to parts of society. In fact, most novelists use AI in their writing process, mainly for “non-creative” tasks such as information search.(尽管存在这些担忧，英国小说界的整体态度并非反对人工智能，80%的受访者认可人工智能能为社会部分领域带来益处。事实上，大多数小说家会在写作过程中使用人工智能，主要用于信息检索等“非创造性”工作)”可知，英国小说界多数人认为人工智能有益处，可辅助作家完成写作中的基础工作，充当写作辅助工具。 14．细节理解题。根据第四段“Novelists feel copyright (版权) laws have not been respected since the emergence of generative AI. They call for respecting copyright and fair payment for the use of their work.(自生成式人工智能问世以来，小说家们认为版权法没有得到尊重。他们呼吁尊重版权，并为其作品的使用支付合理报酬)”可知，小说家认为人工智能使用其作品训练模型时，应当尊重他们的版权与合法权益。 15．词句猜测题。根据最后一段“Many novelists think AI could lead to plain, more formulaic fiction that increases stereotypes (刻板印象) and they want to see more AI-free creative writing on the school curriculum and government-backed initiatives aimed at finding new voices to counter risks of homogeneity in fiction brought about by generative AI.(许多小说家认为，人工智能可能导致创作更加平庸、模式化的小说，从而加剧刻板印象。他们希望在课程中增加更多不依赖人工智能的创意写作，并推动政府支持的项目，以发掘新的声音，应对生成式人工智能带来的小说homogeneity风险)”可知，AI会让小说套路化、风格趋同，因此专家希望学校课程增设无人工智能参与的创意写作课程，政府推出相关扶持项目挖掘全新创作视角，以此应对生成式人工智能带来的小说同质化风险。由此猜测homogeneity表示“相似性、同质化”，与Similarity意思接近。 附加题3：根据上述阅读语篇的内容，分析其中的名词性从句的用法。 原句 从句类型 从句使用分析 1 A new University of Cambridge study has found that artificial intelligence (AI) is likely to entirely replace their work. 动词find后宾语从句（新闻文体高频句式） 1. 文体特征：新闻报道类文本中，find/show/prove/report等动词后高频衔接that宾语从句，引出研究、调查的具体结果； 2. 省略规则：书面新闻语体中，为保证句式严谨性，一般不省略that； 3. 长难句规律：主句简短，宾语从句为句子核心信息，符合英文“重心后置”的表达习惯。 2 Writers fear that AI may weaken the deep human connection between writers and readers. 心理动词fear后宾语从句 1. 动词归类：fear/think/suppose/expect等心理认知动词，后固定接that宾语从句，表达主观想法、担忧、预判； 2. 时态呼应：主句一般现在时fear，从句使用情态动词may表推测，从句时态不受主句一般现在时严格限制； 3. 否定转移：若主句主语为第一人称，该类从句可发生否定转移，本句主语为writers（第三人称），无否定转移现象。 二、 16．D 17．A 18．C 19．D 20．D 21．C 22．A 23．B 24．D 25．A 26．A 27．D 28．B 29．C 30．B 【解析】本文讲述了一位养育四个孩子的母亲杰西卡一边在大学做夜间保洁工作，一边坚持求学，先后取得学士、硕士学位，即将考取教师资格证的励志故事，告诉读者只要坚持不懈，终能实现梦想。 16．考查形容词。句意：教学楼里留下了一位意志坚定的母亲的足迹，她将梦想变成了四个大学学位。A. curious好奇的；B. gentle温和的；C. exhausted疲惫的；D. determined坚定的。根据最后一段中 “Jessica proved that determination can ______through the quiet corners of a university hallway.”可知，这位母亲拥有坚定的意志。 17．考查动词。句意：四个孩子的母亲杰西卡花了十多年时间通宵打扫教室，推着清洁手推车走了两万六千多英里。A. sweeping打扫；B. decorating装饰；C. designing设计；D. monitoring监管。根据下文“cleaning cart”以及后文“mop”可知，她的工作是清扫校园。 18．考查动词。句意：四个孩子的母亲杰西卡花了十多年时间通宵打扫教室，推着清洁手推车走了两万六千多英里。A. measuring测量；B. recording记录；C. walking行走；D. transporting运送。根据文中“behind a cleaning cart”可知，她推着清洁车来回行走。 19．考查形容词。句意：但让她的故事鼓舞人心的不只是她走过的路程，而是一路走来的经历。A. confusing令人困惑的；B. amusing有趣的；C. terrifying吓人的；D. inspiring鼓舞人心的。通读全文以及下文“she made along the way.”，她兼顾工作、育儿与学业的经历能够激励他人。 20．考查名词。句意：但让她的故事鼓舞人心的不只是她走过的路程，而是一路走来的经历。A. fortune运气；B. impression印象；C. adjustment调整；D. journey历程。根据下文“she made along the way.”可知，此处指她一边工作一边求学的奋斗历程。 21．考查动词。句意：凌晨五点她的保洁班次结束，她仅有一点时间照料孩子，再赶去上大学课程。A. delayed推迟；B. approached靠近；C. ended结束；D. changed改变。根据后文“she had just enough time to ______ her children before running to attend college courses”可知，她需要赶去上课，说明夜班工作到此结束。 22．考查动词短语。句意：凌晨五点她的保洁班次结束，她仅有一点时间照料孩子，再赶去上大学课程。A. care for照顾；B. calm down冷静；C. cheer up振作；D. hand over移交。根据上文中“a mother of four”可知，她需要照看自己的孩子们。 23．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：“我负责清扫校园三栋教学楼中的两栋，有些教室里配有电脑，” 她说。A. fit合适的；B. responsible负责的；C. fearful害怕的；D. anxious焦虑的。根据下文“for cleaning two of the three buildings on the campus”可知，此处是固定搭配 be responsible for(负责……)，符合保洁工作的语境。 24．考查名词。句意：所以午休时我能轻松找到座位，在线完成作业，因为晚上我几乎没有时间写功课。A. proof证据；B. application申请；C. thought想法；D. assignment作业。根据下文中“do homework”可判断此处指课程作业。 25．考查副词。句意：全职工作让她几乎不可能按常规途径取得教学学位。A. nearly几乎；B. hardly几乎不；C. merely仅仅；D. genuinely真正地。根据上文“Her full-time job made earning a traditional teaching degree”可知，兼顾全职保洁工作很难正常完成学业，nearly impossible表示“几乎不可能”符合语境。 26．考查名词。句意：但看出她潜力的教授们帮她找到了可行的解决办法。A. solution解决办法；B. excuse借口；C. target目标；D. shortcut捷径。根据上文“but the professors who saw her potential helped her find a (n)”可知，全职工作阻碍正常求学，教授为她提供了解决问题的方案。 27．考查动词。句意：白天她在自己夜间打扫的教室里学习，把深夜轮班的辛苦转化为前进的垫脚石。A. forcing强迫；B. stuffing填满；C. tricking欺骗；D. transforming转变。根据下文“late shifts into stepping stones.”可知，她把深夜轮班的辛苦转化为前进的垫脚石，固定搭配 transform...into...(把…… 转变为……)，符合语境。 28．考查形容词。句意：她一边抚养四个孩子、全职工作，一边读完学士与硕士课程，如今她即将考取教师资格证。A. hesitant犹豫的；B. ready准备好的；C. opposed反对的；D. ashamed羞愧的。根据上下文“She has completed her bachelor’s and master’s degrees while raising four kids and working full-time, and now she’s ______ to earn her teacher’s license.”可知，现如今她即将考取教师资格证。be ready to do sth. 表示“即将做好某事”，契合她即将拿证的状态。 29．考查形容词。句意：“只要是你想要实现的目标，就要持之以恒，”杰西卡・考德威尔说。A. independent独立的；B. innovative创新的；C. persistent坚持不懈的；D. generous慷慨的。根据下文“With a mop (拖把) in one hand and a master’s degree in the other, Jessica proved that determination”以及全文可知，文章核心主旨是坚持方能圆梦，persistent贴合全文中心。 30．考查动词。句意：一手拿拖把、一手握硕士学位的杰西卡证明，坚定的意志能在大学走廊的每个角落绽放光彩。A. occup占据；B. shine发光、大放异彩；C. drill训练；D. guard守护。根据下文“through the quiet corners of a university hallway.”可知，此处表达坚持的力量闪闪发光。 三、 31．have been guided 32．a 33．carefully 34．what 35．tracing 36．at 37．forgotten 38．transformation 39．to keep 40．which 【解析】本文主要介绍了山东依托深厚的齐鲁文化底蕴，通过非遗文旅融合、举办文明论坛等方式传承并创新中华优秀传统文化，吸引外国友人体验传统民俗文化。 31．考查时态、语态和主谓一致。句意：两千多年来，中国人民一直受到儒家思想的熏陶。根据时间状语For more than 2,000 years可知，句子需用现在完成时；主语the Chinese people与谓语动词guide之间为被动关系，需用被动语态；主语为复数概念，现在完成时被动语态结构为have been done。 32．考查冠词。句意：23岁的俄罗斯学生叶利佐娃·叶利扎韦塔在山东曲阜学习中文，近期参与了这样一次体验活动。student为可数名词单数，此处表示泛指“一名23岁的俄罗斯学生”，23-year-old是以辅音音素开头的单词，需用不定冠词a修饰。 33．考查副词。句意：当她小心翼翼地将一张纸抚平盖在石头上并往纸上洒水时，她体验到了这项古老拓印技艺的魅力。此处修饰动词smoothed，修饰动词需用副词形式，careful的副词形式为carefully。 34．考查表语从句。句意：“这种俄罗斯没有的独特技艺，正是让中国文化如此迷人的原因，”她一边用手指描摹逐渐显现的图案，一边说道。此处为表语从句，从句中缺少主语，指代事物，需用连接代词what引导从句。 35．考查非谓语动词。句意同上。句子已有谓语动词said，此处为非谓语动词作伴随状语；主语she与trace之间为主动关系，需用现在分词形式。 36．考查固定搭配。句意：他们可以尝试编织精致的鲁锦，还可以近距离观看精彩的杂技表演。固定搭配try one’s hand at doing sth. 表示“尝试做某事”，为固定介词搭配。 37．考查非谓语动词。句意：这些曾经几乎被遗忘的非物质文化遗产范例，正通过与现代旅游结合重获新生。此处为非谓语动词作后置定语，修饰名词examples；examples与forget之间为被动关系，需用过去分词形式。 38．考查名词。句意：它们代表着山东对中华优秀传统文化创造性转化与创新性发展的推进。空格前有形容词creative修饰，形容词后需接名词，transform的名词形式为transformation，此处为抽象概念，不可数。 39．考查非谓语动词。句意：作为齐鲁文化的发源地和众多伟大思想家的故乡，山东利用其悠久的历史让古老传统在当代延续。固定搭配use sth. to do sth. 表示“利用某物做某事”，此处用动词不定式作目的状语。 40．考查定语从句。句意：该省于2025年7月举办了第十一届尼山世界文明论坛，此次论坛汇聚了来自70多个国家和地区的560余名嘉宾。此处为非限制性定语从句，先行词为the 11th Nishan Forum on World Civilizations（事物），从句中缺少主语，需用关系代词which引导。 四、 Dear Mr. Johnson, I’m Li Hua, a student from Class 3, Grade 1. Knowing our school will hold the annual Book Carnival to foster a stronger reading atmosphere, I’m writing to warmly invite you to take part in this meaningful event. The carnival will take place in the school lecture hall from 2:00 pm to 5:00 pm on September 15th, and we have prepared three activities. We will first hold a book exchange where students can trade their used books, then enjoy themed reading salons for sharing reading insights, and finally present a short drama adapted from classics. Knowing you are a devoted book lover with rich reading experience, we’d greatly appreciate it if you could give a 20-minute sharing about your favorite English novels, which will broaden our horizons and inspire our reading passion. Looking forward to your reply. Yours, Li Hua 【解析】题目要求考生以李华的身份，给外教写邮件，介绍书香嘉年华活动，邀请外教参加并做读书分享。 1. 词汇积累 参加：take part in → participate in 热爱的：devoted → passionate 非常地：greatly → immensely 热情：passion → enthusiasm 2. 句式拓展 简单句变复合句 原句：The carnival will take place in the school lecture hall from 2:00 pm to 5:00 pm on September 15th, and we have prepared three activities. 拓展句：We have prepared three activities for the carnival, which will take place in the school lecture hall from 2:00 pm to 5:00 pm on September 15th. 【高分句型1】Knowing our school will hold the annual Book Carnival to foster a stronger reading atmosphere, I’m writing to warmly invite you to take part in this meaningful event. (运用了现在分词Knowing作状语和省略that的宾语从句) 【高分句型2】We will first hold a book exchange where students can trade their used books, then enjoy themed reading salons for sharing reading insights, and finally present a short drama adapted from classics. (运用了where引导的限制性定语从句和过去分词短语adapted...作后置定语) ( 1 / 2 )学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 2027年高考英语一轮复习能力突破（结构化知识+题型提升练） 专题08 名词性从句 目录 第一部分 必备知识结构化清单 梳理必备的语言知识点，夯实语言基础能力 第二部分 知识运用题型强化练 必备知识与能力提升练，提升语言运用能力 ◇Part 01 必备知识结构化清单 知｜识｜清｜单 真题分析 【真题再现】 【2026年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试(全国Ⅰ卷)阅读理解B篇】Not long ago, my fifth-grade son Kevin asked me about the meaning of a word in a novel. “Look it up,” I responded. “But my screen time is off,” he said. I looked pointedly at the bookshelf that held at least three dictionaries, and Kevin sighed (叹气) dramatically. “Can’t you just use your phone?” he asked. Suddenly it occurred to me that he did not even know how to use a dictionary. I took down one of the dictionaries, and we read it together for a few minutes before I handed it to him. It took him a few tries to find the word in question. While going through the pages, he kept saying, wide-eyed: “How can there be this many words?” After a while, he looked at me and asked, “Do you know all these words, Mom?” I smiled. “I definitely do not know all these words,” I said. “But that’s why this is one of my favorite books.” I had my first dictionary as a gift for my 13th birthday. I decided that I wanted to learn as many words as I could and started marking every entry I looked up with a pencil to measure my progress. I continued to make these pencil marks for years, and when I went off to college, I packed that dictionary in my suitcase. Kevin wanted to see the dictionary. I felt a small pain in my chest. The dictionary was stolen at the end of my freshman year of college. “That’s so sad,” he said, “but you still know all those words, even without the book.” I realized that this was true. I still made it through the next three years of college, even without the book. And it wasn’t, ultimately, the dictionary that got me there — not really. Now I understand that although my son may be learning differently, he is still learning. It’s not about the words themselves or how we learn them, but the wanting to know them, the curiosity and the appetite. 24. What does Kevin usually do to get the meaning of a word? A. Use electronic devices. B. Consult a paper dictionary. C. Guess from the context. D. Turn to his English teacher. 25. How did Kevin feel while looking up the word in the dictionary? A. Annoyed. B. Disappointed. C. Encouraged. D. Astonished. 26. What can we learn about the author’s first dictionary? A. It helped her through college. B. It was given to Kevin as a gift. C. It bore witness to her efforts. D. It was a valuable limited edition. 27. What has the author come to realize about learning? A. It is never too late to start. B. Motivation is what really matters. C. Children need role models. D. Dictionaries are still a useful tool. （答案：24. A 25. D 26. C 27. B） 【要点分析】 阅读语篇中名词性从句使用情况简析 原句 从句类型 引导词 从句结构 句式分析 1 Suddenly it occurred to me that he did not even know how to use a dictionary. 主语从句（it作形式主语） that 从句主干：he（主语）+ did not even know（谓语）+ how to use a dictionary（宾语） 1. 固定句型it occurred to sb. that，it充当形式主语，避免句子头重脚轻； 2. that引导真正的主语从句，that无实际语义、不在从句中充当任何句子成分，仅起连接作用； 3. 从句语序为正常陈述句语序。 2 I decided that I wanted to learn as many words as I could and started marking every entry I looked up with a pencil to measure my progress. 及物动词后的宾语从句 that 从句主干：I（主语）+ wanted（谓语）+ to learn...（宾语），and并列谓语started 1. 认知、决定类及物动词decide后可接that引导宾语从句； 2. that可省略，从句用来完整陈述内心想法、计划； 3. 从句内部可并列谓语，保持陈述语序。 3 I realized that this was true. 及物动词后的宾语从句 that 从句主干：this（主语）+ was（系动词）+ true（表语） 1. 感悟类动词realize后接that宾语从句，用来表达内心顿悟、认知； 2. 从句为主系表基础句型，语序不倒装。 4 Now I understand that although my son may be learning differently, he is still learning. 及物动词后的宾语从句 that 从句嵌套让步状语从句：although引导分句作让步，主句he（主语）+ is still learning（谓语） 1. that引导的宾语从句内部可嵌套状语从句（让步/时间/条件等），从句结构可复合化； 2. 外层that只承担连接主句与宾语从句的功能，不影响内部状语从句逻辑。 知识回顾 名词性从句相当于名词的作用，在主句中充当主语、宾语、表语、同位语，包括主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句。所有名词性从句均使用陈述语序（引导词+主语+谓语）。 一、名词性从句三大类连接词 连接词类别 单词 句子成分 自身含义 能否省略 例句 纯连词（无实义，不作成分） that 不作任何成分 无 宾语从句可省，其余从句不可省 That he will win is certain. 他会赢是肯定的。 纯连词（表“是否”） if / whether 不作任何成分 是否 不可省 I don’t know if/whether he will come. 我不知道他是否会来。 连接代词（作主/宾/定） what, which, who, whom, whose, whatever, whoever 主语/宾语/定语 什么/哪一个/谁 不可省 What he said moved us. 他说的话打动了我们。 连接副词（作状语） when, where, why, how 时间/地点/原因/方式状语 何时/何地/为何/如何 不可省 I don’t know how he solved the problem. 我不知道他如何解决这个问题。 二、名词性从句的主要用法 1.主语从句（从句作句子主语） 两种结构：①从句前置；②it作形式主语（高考高频） 结构类型 用法规则 例句 从句前置（that/wh-词开头） 谓语动词常用单数 That she refused the offer surprised everyone. 她拒绝了这份邀约，所有人都很惊讶。 Who will take charge hasn’t been decided. 谁来负责还没有定下来。 It作形式主语 It + be/不及物动词 + 真正主语从句 It is obvious that he is lying. 很明显他在撒谎。 It doesn’t matter whether you agree or not. 你同不同意都没关系。 含it的固定句型 It is a fact that…事实是… It is a pity that…遗憾的是… It is a pity that you missed the lecture. 你错过了讲座，太可惜了。 2.宾语从句（从句作动词/介词/形容词的宾语） 类型 核心规则 例句 动词后宾语从句 1. 主句过去时，从句时态倒退； 2. 主句一般现在，从句时态按需 I think (that) he is honest.（that可省） 我认为他很诚实。 He said he had finished homework. 他说他写完作业了。 介词后宾语从句 只能用whether，不能用if We are arguing about whether we should give up. 我们在争论是否该放弃。 形容词后宾语从句 表情绪形容词：sure/afraid/glad I’m afraid that I can’t help you. 恐怕我帮不了你。 否定转移 主句主语I/We，动词think/believe，否定移至主句 I don’t think he will give up. 我认为他不会放弃。（不说I think he won’t…） 3.表语从句（放在连系动词后） 引导词 使用规则 例句 that 无词义，绝对不能省略 The truth is that he lost his way. 真相是他迷路了。 wh-连接词（what/why/how等） 保留疑问含义 My question is where we will meet tomorrow. 我的问题是我们明天在哪见面。 whether 表“是否”，不用if The problem is whether we have enough money. 问题是我们是否有足够的钱。 4.同位语从句（解释抽象名词内容，易和定语从句混淆） 常修饰名词：fact, news, idea, promise, hope, doubt, suggestion 核心规则 例句 that仅起引导作用，不作成分，不省略；从句完整完整句子 I heard the news that our team won the game. 我听到了我们队获胜的消息。 The fact that he lied shocked us. 他撒谎这个事实让我们震惊。 wh-引导同位语从句 I have no idea when he will return. 我不知道他什么时候回来。 三、高频易混辨析表（高考重难点） 辨析1：that与what 单词 句法功能 有无词义 从句完整性 对比例句 that 不作任何成分 无含义 从句主谓宾齐全 I know that he likes music.（从句完整） what 作主/宾/表 译为“…的事物/话” 从句缺主语/宾语 I know what he likes.（like缺宾语） 辨析2：if 与whether（“是否”） 只能用whether的场景 例句 介词后面 It depends on whether you try hard. 与or not连用 I don’t know whether or not he comes. 作主语/表语/同位语从句引导词 Whether we go camping is unknown. 不定式to前 She hasn’t decided whether to leave. 辨析3：同位语从句与定语从句（最易丢分） 对比维度 同位语从句 定语从句 从句作用 解释名词具体内容 修饰、限定名词 that功能 不作成分，无词义 代指先行词，作主/宾 去掉that 句子依然完整通顺 句子缺少成分，不完整 对比例句 The news that he passed exam is true. （同位语：消息内容是他考试通过） The news that you told me is true. （定语从句：that作told宾语，你告诉我的那条消息） 基｜础｜练｜习 一、阅读下面短文，在空白处填入 1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Traditional Chinese paper-cutting is a famous folk art with a history of more than 1500 years. It is widely popular in rural areas of China. Paper-cutting works 1 (main) use red paper, because red stands for luck and joy in Chinese culture. People often stick paper-cutting on windows, doors and walls 2 (celebrate) festivals and weddings. The skills of paper-cutting are simple but flexible. Without any complex tools, people only need scissors and paper 3 (create) vivid works. Common patterns include flowers, animals and Chinese characters, 4 carry people’s best wishes. In the past, paper-cutting 5 (pass) down by local folk artists from generation to generation. Nowadays, this traditional art 6 (face) new development chances. More young people begin to learn paper-cutting. Many schools have set up paper-cutting clubs to help students understand traditional culture. Paper-cutting is not only a kind of art, 7 also a cultural symbol of China. It records local customs and reflects people’s love for life. In 2006, Chinese paper-cutting 8 (list) as national intangible cultural heritage. With the spread of Chinese culture overseas, paper-cutting has won 9 (great) popularity around the world. It has become a wonderful bridge 10 cultural communication between China and other countries. 二、根据表格中的内容，按照改写要求合并表格所给的句子。 原句 改写要求 改写后的句子 1 Red stands for luck and joy in Chinese culture. Many people all know this truth. 用宾语从句合并两句，主句主语为Many people 2 Paper-cutting was listed as national intangible cultural heritage in 2006. It is an important fact. 用that引导后置主语从句改写，以It作形式主语 3 Paper-cutting serves as a bridge for cultural communication between China and other countries. This is its greatest value. 用表语从句合并两句，主句主语为Its greatest value 4 Paper-cutting has a history of more than 1500 years. The fact surprises lots of foreign visitors. 用that引导同位语从句修饰the fact 5 Paper-cutting faces new development chances nowadays. What young people all believe is this point. 调整语序，用what引导主语从句重构句子 ◇Part 02 知识运用题型强化练 一、阅读理解 1 “Musab. I’m sending New Year greetings from the peak of the world!” This heartfelt message from a Tibetan friend reminded me of my unforgettable cultural journey to Xizang in 2024. My fascination began at Minzu University, where vibrant Tibetan dances every Friday night showcased the region’s cultural beauty. Students in traditional attire (服饰) led the dance, their energy uniting participants from diverse backgrounds. These moments sparked my dream to dance atop the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau. This dream came true through a university-organized trip. Arriving in Lhasa, I initially struggled with the 3,000-meter altitude but was deeply moved by the locals’ warmth, which outweighed any physical discomfort. Their warmth made meaningful connections between us. The journey showed Tibet’s rich culture through iconic sites like Potala Palace and bustling Barkhor Street. Tasting butter tea for the first time was amazing, offering new insight into Tibetan traditions. In Nudu Village, the head shared his vision for improving residents’ livelihoods, highlighting regional progress. On my final night, I joined a Tibetan dance circle under the stars, drinking butter tea with new friends. This full-circle moment mirrored the dances back at university, fulfilling my dream while proving that human connections — not just landscapes — make travels truly special. 1．What initially inspired the author’s interest in Tibetan culture? A．A New Year message. B．Stories about butter tea. C．University dance gatherings. D．Pictures of Potala Palace. 2．How did the author describe the Tibetan people’s warmth? A．By focusing on medical assistance. B．By showing their dance instructions. C．By mentioning university friendships. D．By comparing it with altitude challenges. 3．Which experience gave the author new understanding of Tibetan culture? A．Tasting butter tea. B．Climbing mountains. C．Visiting Nudu Village. D．Meeting the trip organizers. 4．Which of the following is the best title for the text? A．Overcoming Altitude Sickness: My Memorable Trip to Lhasa B．Butter Tea and Starry Nights: The Culinary Wonders of Tibet C．Experiencing Tibetan Traditions: Exploring Potala Palace and Barkhor Street D．A Cultural Journey to Tibet: From University Dances to Cultural Connections 附加题1：根据上述阅读语篇的内容，分析其中的名词性从句的用法。 原句 从句类型 从句使用分析 This full-circle moment mirrored the dances back at university, fulfilling my dream while proving that human connections — not just landscapes — make travels truly special. 1. 引导词： 2. 语序： 3. 时态呼应： 4. 省略规则： 2 Samvith Mahadevan, 14, suffers from severe food allergies. “I have eagerly eaten foods, only to experience an itchy mouth, a sore throat, and swollen eyes that are all obvious signs of an allergic reaction,” he says. He was upset that many available allergen sensors (过敏源检测器) were so expensive and required contact with food, making them not very useful in daily life. Inspired by how accurately ants seem to find food, Mahadevan decided to train a volatile organic compound (VOC) sensor. He used machine learning to identify allergens by “smelling” food particles (分子) floating in the air. The boy started with a low-cost VOC sensor, and trained the sensor with a machine learning program. He exposed the sensor to samples of peanuts, eggs, almonds, and walnuts. When he first started training his system, the accuracy was very low and he had to try a lot of different approaches. There were a lot of failures along the way. He constantly changed the allergen samples he was using. However, that didn’t work. The accuracy only improved significantly after he changed some parts of his machine learning program. After training his program over 2,048 rounds of testing, Mahadevan tested his sensor on real-world products with allergens, such as almond cookies, peanut butter caramel balls, curries, and muffins. His “nose” achieved an accuracy rate of 94 to 97 percent in identifying allergens. “This was quite motivating because it showed me that this idea has a big future. With further development, we could save a lot of lives,” he recalls. Mahadevan’s research earned him the Lemelson Foundation Award for Invention in 2024. The boy says, “Once you think about a problem you want to solve, you can keep it in the back of your mind. You have to be observant all the time and have a curious mind. Sometimes, inexperience develops out-of-the-box thinking.” 5．Why did Mahadevan develop his own allergen sensor? A．He wanted to cure his food allergy completely. B．Existing sensors were impractical in daily life. C．He couldn’t afford the expensive sensors on the market. D．Ant behavior studies proved existing sensors ineffective. 6．What does the invention imply for allergy sufferers? A．It works only in laboratory environment. B．It replaces the need for medical treatment. C．It helps avoid allergens without touching food. D．It identifies all the allergies in the real world. 7．What contributed to the obvious increase of the sensor’s accuracy? A．Increasing testing rounds to 2,048. B．Using more diverse allergen samples. C．Switching to a higher-quality VOC sensor. D．Improving the machine learning program. 8．Which of the following words can best describe Mahadevan? A．Observant and proud. B．Persistent and creative. C．Generous and optimistic. D．Cautious and modest. 附加题2：根据上述阅读语篇的内容，分析其中的名词性从句的用法。 原句 从句类型 从句使用分析 1 He was upset that many available allergen sensors were so expensive and required contact with food. 1. 句式特征： 2. 引导词： 3. 时态呼应： 2 This was quite motivating because it showed me that this idea has a big future. 1. 动词搭配： 2. 时态特殊点： 3. 语序规则： 3 When it comes to natural beauty and great outdoor destinations, Colorado stands out as an exceptional choice, offering various camping experiences for nature lovers. Discover your ultimate Colorado camping adventure among these four incredible spots! Maroon Bells Consisting of a pair of 14,000-foot snow-capped mountains, the Maroon Bells offers breathtaking views all year long. There are three campsites in the mountain’s shadow, which are situated close to the town of Aspen. This is highly convenient if you need to collect food or drinks or just want to walk around town for a bit. Piñon Flats Campground For a different camping experience, travel to the Great Sand Dunes (沙丘) National Park. This destination features towering dunes rather than snow-capped peaks. While skiing and snowboarding are popular winter sports in Colorado, sandboarding here offers a unique adventure. For those with limited mobility, there are five different campsites that are wheelchair accessible. Angel of Shavano Campgrounds Located inside the San Isabel National Forest, this campground is rarely ever crowded. This is partly due to its remote nature, which requires a three-hour drive from Denver to get to the location. Therefore, it’s quite easy to reserve a spot, even during the busier summer months. The thickly wooded forest is also an ideal place for those looking to escape the busy modern life. Moraine Park Campground The site offers excellent views of the breathtaking landscapes. And sharp-eyed campers can often spot passing wildlife with black bears, mountain lions, and elk all living within the park. Meanwhile, it is another option for those with limited mobility. There are four wheelchair accessible campsites you can reserve in advance. 9．Which is the easiest campground to book in busy seasons? A．Maroon Bells. B．Piñon Flats. C．Angel of Shavano. D．Moraine Park. 10．What special experience does Piñon Flats offer to visitors? A．Observing passing wildlife. B．Sandboarding down towering dunes. C．Using wheelchair-friendly facilities. D．Admiring snow-capped mountains. 11．What is the main purpose of the text? A．To recommend outdoor activities. B．To introduce famous camping sites. C．To compare different campgrounds. D．To attract tourists to the camping sites. 4 Just over half (51%) of published novelists in the UK say that artificial intelligence (AI) is likely to entirely replace their work, a new University of Cambridge study has found. 59% of novelists say they know their work has been used to train AI Large Language Models (LLMs) without permission or payment. Most (85%) novelists expect their future income to be driven down by AI. The study, led by Dr. Clementine Collett, surveyed 258 novelists to estimate how AI is viewed and used in the world of British fiction. Genre authors are considered to be the most easily replaceable, according to the report, with 66% of all those surveyed listing romance authors as “extremely threatened”, followed closely by writers of thrillers (61%) and crime (60%). Despite these concerns, overall attitude in UK fiction is not anti-AI, with 80% of participants in the survey agreeing that AI offers benefits to parts of society. In fact, most novelists use AI in their writing process, mainly for “non-creative” tasks such as information search. Novelists feel copyright (版权) laws have not been respected since the emergence of generative AI. They call for respecting copyright and fair payment for the use of their work. Many warn of a potential loss of originality in fiction, as well as the loss of trust between writers and readers if AI use is not public. Some worry that suspicions of AI use could damage their reputation. Writers fear AI may weaken the deep human connection between writers and readers at a time when reading is already at historically low levels, particularly among the next generation; only a third of UK children say they enjoy reading in their free time. Many novelists think AI could lead to plain, more formulaic fiction that increases stereotypes (刻板印象) and they want to see more AI-free creative writing on the school curriculum and government-backed initiatives aimed at finding new voices to counter risks of homogeneity in fiction brought about by generative AI. 12．What phenomenon does the author point out in paragraph 1? A．Novelists’ income has stopped growing. B．Novelists fear AI may change their work. C．AI brings unexpected benefits to novelists. D．Novelists actively resist the application of AI. 13．What is the majority view on AI in UK fiction? A．It can improve creativity capability. B．It will replace traditional search tools. C．It has no practical value for society. D．It serves as an aid in the writing process. 14．What is the novelists’ opinion regarding their work being used to train AI? A．It should be prohibited completely. B．AI’s learning mode should be enhanced. C．It should respect their rights and interests. D．Gaining high fees is their top demand. 15．What does the underlined word “homogeneity” in the last paragraph mean? A．Similarity. B．Contradiction. C．Competition. D．Misunderstanding. 附加题3：根据上述阅读语篇的内容，分析其中的名词性从句的用法。 原句 从句类型 从句使用分析 1 A new University of Cambridge study has found that artificial intelligence (AI) is likely to entirely replace their work. 1. 文体特征： 2. 省略规则： 3. 长难句规律： 2 Writers fear that AI may weaken the deep human connection between writers and readers. 1. 动词归类： 2. 时态呼应： 3. 否定转移： 二、完形填空 At Texas A&M University, the halls of learning held more than just lectures and late-night study sessions. They held the footsteps of a (n) 16 mom who turned her dream into four college degrees. Jessica Caldwell, a mother of four, spent over a decade 17 the classrooms overnight, 18 more than 26,000 miles behind a cleaning cart (手推车). But what makes her story 19 isn’t just the distance she covered, it’s the 20 she made along the way. When her shift 21 at 5 a.m., she had just enough time to 22 her children before running to attend college courses. “I am 23 for cleaning two of the three buildings on the campus, and some classrooms have computers,” she said. “So I can find a seat easily and work on my 24 online during my lunch breaks since I have little time to do homework in the evening.” Her full-time job made earning a traditional teaching degree 25 impossible, but the professors who saw her potential helped her find a (n) 26 . By day, she studied in the classroom she cleaned at night, 27 late shifts into stepping stones. She has completed her bachelor’s and master’s degrees while raising four kids and working full-time, and now she’s 28 to earn her teacher’s license. “Just be 29 as far as continuing on something that you want to achieve,” Jessica Caldwell says. With a mop (拖把) in one hand and a master’s degree in the other, Jessica proved that determination can 30 through the quiet corners of a university hallway. 16．A．curious B．gentle C．exhausted D．determined 17．A．sweeping B．decorating C．designing D．monitoring 18．A．measuring B．recording C．walking D．transporting 19．A．confusing B．amusing C．terrifying D．inspiring 20．A．fortune B．impression C．adjustment D．journey 21．A．delayed B．approached C．ended D．changed 22．A．care for B．calm down C．cheer up D．hand over 23．A．fit B．responsible C．fearful D．anxious 24．A．proof B．application C．thought D．assignment 25．A．nearly B．hardly C．merely D．genuinely 26．A．solution B．excuse C．target D．shortcut 27．A．forcing B．stuffing C．tricking D．transforming 28．A．hesitant B．ready C．opposed D．ashamed 29．A．independent B．innovative C．persistent D．generous 30．A．occupy B．shine C．drill D．guard 三、语法填空 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 For more than 2, 000 years, the Chinese people 31 (guide) by the ideas of Confucianism. Now in Confucius’ birthplace, Shandong province, ancient traditions are not just words in textbooks, but are brilliant, real experiences. Elizova Elizaveta, 32 23-year-old Russian student learning Chinese in Qufu, Shandong, recently took part in one such experience. As she 33 (careful) smoothed a sheet of paper over a stone and sprinkled (喷洒) it with water, she experienced the magic of the age-old technique of rubbings (拓印). “This unique practice, which does not exist in Russia, is 34 makes Chinese culture so fascinating,” she said, 35 (trace) the emerging image with her fingers. Not too far away in Luyuan village in Qufu, tourists get the opportunity to participate in various traditional experiences. They can try their hand 36 weaving delicate lujin and watch thrilling acrobatic (杂技的) performances from up close. These examples of intangible cultural heritage, once nearly 37 (forget), are gaining new life by combining with modern tourism. They represent Shandong’s push for creative 38 (transform) and innovative development of fine traditional Chinese culture. As the birthplace of Qilu culture and home to great thinkers, Shandong uses its long history 39 (keep) old traditions alive today. The province hosted the 11th Nishan Forum on World Civilizations in July 2025, 40 brought together more than 560 guests from over 70 countries and regions. Participants explored the interplay between cultural diversity and modernization. 四、写作 假如你是李华，你校将在9月举办读书活动——“书香嘉年华”（Book Carnival）。请给你的外教Mr. Johnson写一封邮件，邀请他参加本次活动，内容包括： 1．活动介绍； 2．邀请Mr. Johnson做读书分享。 注意：1．字数100左右；2．可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；3．不得出现真实姓名和校名。 Dear Mr. Johnson, _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Yours, Li Hua ( 1 / 2 )学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $