专题12 情态动词与虚拟语气（结构化知识+题型提升练）-2027年高考英语一轮复习能力突破

该高中英语高考复习学案系统梳理了情态动词与虚拟语气专题，将情态动词的核心用法、推测功能、特殊结构和虚拟语气的if条件句、含蓄虚拟、名词性从句等考点，通过2026年全国Ⅰ卷真题分析引出用法，再按知识逻辑构建结构化清单，引导学生结合真题实例自主归纳用法差异，形成完整知识网络。 亮点在于自主诊断与能力进阶设计，如基础练习中设置情态动词改写句子任务，学生通过改写诊断掌握情况，阅读理解附加题要求分析原句中情态动词/虚拟语气用法，培养语言能力和思维品质。每个模块配有真题再现与要点分析，帮助学生自主提升，教师可通过练习反馈精准指导，实现因材施教。

2027年高考英语一轮复习能力突破（结构化知识+题型提升练） 专题12 情态动词与虚拟语气 目录 第一部分 必备知识结构化清单 梳理必备的语言知识点，夯实语言基础能力 第二部分 知识运用题型强化练 必备知识与能力提升练，提升语言运用能力 ◇Part 01 必备知识结构化清单 知｜识｜清｜单 真题分析 【真题再现】 【2026年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试(全国Ⅰ卷)阅读理解C篇】In line with longstanding initiatives to expand its green spaces, New York City is planting tens of thousands of trees each year. They provide shade, lower surface temperatures, absorb a surprising amount of airborne carbon, remove tiny pollutants, and provide wildlife habitat along with just plain beauty. Something could go wrong, though, according to a new study. Oaks and sweetgums, which currently account for a majority of the city’s trees, produce huge amounts of a chemical substance called isoprene. Harmless by itself, isoprene interacts rapidly with polluting nitrogen oxides released by vehicles, buildings and industry to form ground-level ozone (臭氧) — a major factor in many breathing problems. The research, carried out by scientists at the Columbia Climate School and other institutions, found that if the city maintains past species patterns in new plantings, isoprene production in Manhattan in coming decades will go up by about 140%, and resulting summer ozone levels as much as 30%. “We’re all for planting more trees. They bring so many good things,” said study coauthor Róisín Commane. “But if we’re not careful, we could make air quality worse.” The Parks Department is not oblivious to the issue. A study carried out by some of its researchers several years ago concluded that city trees did release isoprene. “We didn’t make a big deal of that,” said Novem Auyeung, a Parks Department senior scientist. She said trees should not be viewed as the enemy. “We could plant any trees we want to, if we just rethink our car-centric lifestyle,” she said. “We’re not going to go cutting down any big old oaks,” and neither will the department completely stop planting new ones, said Auyeung. “You have to think about what you would lose if you do that.” Oaks are keystone species, she pointed out, providing food and habitat for native insects, birds and other animals. 28. What does the new study imply regarding oaks and sweetgums? A. They affect the growth of other trees. B. They absorb less carbon than expected. C. They harm people’s health indirectly. D. They raise the local temperature slowly. 29. Which of the following may Commane suggest based on their study? A. Cutting down the isoprene-producing trees. B. Suspending tree-planting for a few decades. C. Changing the species of trees in new plantings. D. Removing isoprene released by existing trees. 30. What does the underlined phrase “oblivious to” in paragraph 5 mean? A. Honest about. B. Unaware of. C. Related to. D. Optimistic about. 31. What would Auyeung probably advocate? A. Reducing car use in daily life. B. Providing animals with new habitats. C. Controlling population growth. D. Doing more research on the problem. （答案：28. C 29. C 30. B 31. A） 【要点分析】 阅读语篇中的情态动词使用分析 原句 情态动词 使用解析 1 Something could go wrong, though, according to a new study. could 1. 此处could为can过去式，表客观可能性、潜在风险，语气弱于can； 2. 用于客观阐述研究预判的潜在问题，不表过去能力，仅表“有可能”； 3. 时态：一般现在语境下用could弱化肯定程度，表不确定推测。 2 But if we’re not careful, we could make air quality worse. could 1. if引导真实条件句（条件可实现），could表将来潜在负面结果； 2. 表达委婉警示：若做法不当，有可能造成不良后果； 3. 区别will：will是确定结果，could是存在可能性、未必一定发生。 3 She said trees should not be viewed as the enemy. should 1. should表客观建议、合理观点，意为“不应该”； 2. 后接被动语态（should not be done），用于表达专业人士的理性看法； 3. 语气中立客观，无强制含义，侧重“从道理上讲不该……”。 4 We could plant any trees we want to, if we just rethink our car-centric lifestyle. could 1. if引导真实条件状语从句，could表理论上可行的可能性； 2. 含义：只要改变出行方式，我们就可以随意栽种树木； 3. 表许可/可行性，而非过去能力，弱化绝对化表述，语气委婉。 5 We’re not going to go cutting down any big old oaks, and neither will the department completely stop planting new ones. will 1. will表将来计划、官方既定安排； 2. 用于否定倒装结构neither will…，表示“某一方也不会做某事”； 3. 说话人是公园部门工作人员，will用来陈述机构未来确定的行动方针。 6 You have to think about what you would lose if you do that. have to / would 1. have to：表客观必要性，意为“必须、不得不”，外部客观情况要求这么做，区别must（主观必须）； 2. would：此处用于宾语从句内，表假想、假设下的结果；if引导真实条件（if you do that），would弱化确定性，假设“如果这么做，你将会失去……”； 3. 整句逻辑：客观上你必须考虑假设行为带来的损失。 知识回顾 一、情态动词 （一）情态动词的核心用法 情态动词 核心意义 核心用法 例句 can / could 能够；可以；可能 1. can表现在能力/许可；could过去能力/委婉请求 2. 否定推测can’t（不可能） ①I can swim. 我会游泳。 ②Could you pass the salt? 能递下盐吗？ ③It can’t be Tom. 不可能是汤姆。 may / might 可以；也许 1. may许可、肯定推测（可能性中等） 2. might过去式，可能性更低；委婉请求 ①May I open the window? 我能开窗吗？ ②He may come later. 他或许晚点来。 ③It might rain tonight. 今晚可能下雨。 must 必须；一定 1. 主观必须；否定禁止mustn’t 2. 肯定推测（非常确定） ①You must finish homework. 你必须写完作业。 ②You mustn’t smoke here. 此处禁止吸烟。 ③The light is on, he must be home. 灯亮着，他肯定在家。 have to 不得不 客观需要，有人称时态变化 I have to get up early every day. 我每天不得不早起。 shall 将要；承诺/命令 1. 一三人称疑问句表请求 2. 二三人称表许诺、警告、命令 ①Shall we go out? 我们出去好吗？ ②You shall get your reward. 你会得到奖励。 will / would 将会；愿意；习惯 1. will现在意愿；would过去习惯/委婉请求 2. would do 过去常常 ①I will help you. 我愿意帮你。 ②He would walk to school when young. 他小时候常走路上学。 should / ought to 应该；竟然 1. 责任、建议；ought to语气更强 2. 表惊讶“竟然” ①You should exercise daily. 你应该每天锻炼。 ②It’s strange that he should refuse. 他居然拒绝，太奇怪了。 need 需要 作情态动词仅用于否定/疑问；实义动词可用于全部句式 ①Need I attend the meeting? 我需要参会吗？ ②You needn’t worry. 你不必担心。 dare 敢 情态动词多用于否定疑问；实义动词通用 Dare you jump down? 你敢跳下去吗？ （二）情态动词表示推测 推测类型 适用情态动词 结构 例句 对现在/当前状态肯定推测 must / may / might 情态动词 + do（状态动词） 情态动词 + be doing（正在做） 1. She must like music. 她一定喜欢音乐。 2. They may be studying now. 他们现在可能在学习。 对过去已发生事肯定推测 must / may / might 情态动词 + have done He must have missed the bus. 他一定错过公交了。 对现在否定推测 can’t / couldn’t can’t / couldn’t + do That can’t be my pen. 那不可能是我的笔。 对过去否定推测 can’t / couldn’t can’t / couldn’t + have done He can’t have left already. 他不可能早就走了。 对过去可能性极小推测 might / may might / may not + have done She might not have heard you. 她或许没听见你说话。 注意：must 不用于否定、疑问推测；否定推测一律用 can’t / couldn’t （三）情态动词特殊高频结构（高考单选必背） 固定结构 含义 例句 should have done 本应该做（实际没做，含责备） You should have told me earlier. 你本该早点告诉我。 shouldn’t have done 本不该做（实际做了） You shouldn’t have lied to her. 你不该对她撒谎。 could have done 本能够做却没做；过去本可能 You could have helped me. 你当时本可以帮我的。 needn’t have done 本不必做（白白做了） You needn’t have bought so much food. 你没必要买这么多吃的。 would have done 本会做（虚拟语气配套） I would have called you, but my phone died. 二、虚拟语气 （一）含if引导条件的虚拟语气（核心重难点） 虚拟时间 从句谓语（if条件句） 主句谓语 含义 例句 与现在事实相反 did / were would / could / should / might + do 现在实际情况相反 If I were you, I would accept the offer. 如果我是你，我会接受这份邀约。（我不是你） 与过去事实相反 had done would/could/should/might + have done 过去事实相反 If you had come yesterday, you would have met him. 如果你昨天来了，就能见到他。（你昨天没来） 与将来事实相反 1. should do 2. were to do 3. did / were would/could/should/might + do 将来几乎不可能发生 If it should rain tomorrow, we would cancel the trip. 万一明天下雨，我们就取消出行。 注意：倒装省略if的规则（高考难点） 条件从句有 should / were / had 时，可省略if，把这三个词提前倒装： If I were you → Were I you If you had worked hard → Had you worked hard If it should snow → Should it snow 例句：Had I known the truth, I wouldn’t have made the mistake.要是我早知道真相，就不会犯这个错了。 （二）含蓄虚拟语气（无if，用介词/连词暗示虚拟） 标志词 逻辑含义 结构 例句 without / but for 要不是，若无 主句按对应时间虚拟 But for your help, I would have failed. 要不是你的帮助，我当时早就失败了。（过去虚拟） otherwise / or 否则 主句虚拟，陈述分句用真实时态 I was busy then, otherwise I would have helped you. 我当时很忙，不然我就帮你了。 but 但是（转折真实事实） but前虚拟，but后真实过去时 I would have gone, but I was ill. 我本想去，但我生病了。 （三）名词性从句中的虚拟语气（必考：一坚持二命令三建议） 1. 表“建议、命令、要求”动词后的宾语从句 动词清单： 一坚持：insist（坚决要求） 二命令：order, command 三建议：suggest, advise, recommend 四要求：require, request, demand, ask 结构：(should) + 动词原形，should可省略 句式 例句 注意事项 主语+动词+(that) sb (should) do The teacher suggested that we (should) read more. 老师建议我们多阅读。 1.insist两层含义区分： ①坚决要求→虚拟(should)do ②坚持认为（陈述事实）→真实时态 He insisted that he was innocent. 他坚称自己无辜。 2.suggest两种用法 ① 表“建议”→宾语从句虚拟 (should) do He suggested that we (should) start early. ②表“暗示、表明”→陈述真实时态 His pale face suggested that he was ill. 他苍白的脸说明他生病了。 2. It is + 形容词/名词 + that从句 虚拟 形容词：important, necessary, strange, natural, surprising 名词：a pity, a shame, a suggestion 结构：that + (should) do 例句：It’s strange that he (should) refuse our help. 他居然拒绝我们的帮助，很奇怪。 3. wish 宾语从句虚拟（但愿…，难以实现） wish虚拟时间 从句谓语结构 例句 与现在相反 did / were I wish I had more free time. 但愿我有更多空闲。 与过去相反 had done I wish I hadn’t said that. 我真希望我没说过那句话。 与将来难实现 would / could do I wish it would stop raining. 但愿雨快点停。 （四）特殊句式中的虚拟 1.as if / as though 仿佛，好像 与现在相反：did/were；与过去相反：had done 例句：He talks as if he knew everything. 他说得好像什么都懂。 2.“would rather + 从句”表示“ 宁愿” 现在/将来：did；过去：had done 例句：I’d rather you stayed here tonight. 我宁愿你今晚留下。 3.It’s (high) time that… 该做某事了（暗含太晚） 从句固定用过去式 did 例句： It’s high time that we went home. 我们该回家了。 （五）混合虚拟语气（主从句时间不一致） 规则：主从句分别按照各自对应的时间选择谓语：从句对过去虚拟（had done），主句对现在虚拟（would do） 例1：If you had studied hard before（过去）, you would be a college student now（现在）.如果你以前努力学习，现在就是大学生了。 例2：If I were you（现在）, I would have taken that job last year（过去）.如果我是你，去年我就会接受那份工作。 基｜础｜练｜习 一、阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。 Have you ever wondered where Lego(乐高积木)came from? Like many great inventions,the story is not just one of a great idea, 1 one of a ton of hard work and perseverance（毅力）. The story started in Denmark. Ole Christiansen was a carpenter 2 was struggling with his small business. His wife died 3 (short) after his fourth son was born. He had to work hard to support his family alone. He started making wood toys,but they didn't sell well. He decided his toys needed a name,and he chose 4 name"Lego". Unfortunately, several years later, his workshop 5 (burn) to the ground. Soon,he started to make a few plastic toys. He got the idea to create a “system" of toys that would build up kids' 6 (imagine) and creativity. He decided to stop 7 (make) wood toys and focus only on the connected plastic toys. Then he started to build more and more kinds of 8 (model). Each one had to be of the 9 (high) quality, which can be reflected in Lego's motto —“Only the best is good enough. ” Thanks to their perseverance, kids can enjoy Lego toys, movies, amusement parks and clothing. But none of this would have existed at that time if they 10 (give up) when times got hard. 【答案】1．but 2．who/that 3．shortly 4．the 5．was burned(burnt) 6．imagination 7．making 8．models 9．highest 10．had given up 【解析】这是一篇记叙文。记叙了丹麦的一个木匠奥尔·克里斯琴森创造乐高玩具的经过。 1．考查连词。句意: 像许多伟大的发明一样，这个故事不仅仅是一个伟大的想法，而是大量的努力和毅力的结晶。短语not…but…“不是……而是……”，故填but。 2．考查定语从句连接词。句意：奥尔·克里斯琴森是个木匠，他的小生意做得很艰难。本句为定语从句修饰先行词carpenter，且先行词在从句中做主语，指人，故填who/that。 3．考查副词。句意：他的妻子在他的第四个儿子出生后不久就去世了。短语shortly after表示“不久之后；很快”应填副词shortly。 4．考查冠词。句意：他觉得他的玩具需要一个名字，于是他选择了“乐高”这个名字。name为可数名词，此处特指下文"Lego"这个名字，故用定冠词the。 5．考查动词时态语态。句意：不幸的是，几年后，他的工作室被夷为平地。根据上文several years later可知为描述过去发生的事情用一般过去时，且主语workshop与谓语动词构成被动关系，故填was burned(burnt)。 6．考查名词。句意：他的想法是创造一个玩具“系统”，可以培养孩子的想象力和创造力。根据下文并列结构and creativity可知应填名词imagination。 7．考查固定搭配。句意：他决定停止制作木制玩具，只专注于连接塑料玩具。短语stop doing sth.“停止正在做的事”后跟-ing形式，故填making。 8．考查名词的数。句意：然后他开始建立越来越多的模型。model为可数名词，且根据上文more and more kinds of可知应填名词的复数形式models。 9．考查形容词最高级。句意：每一个都必须是最高质量的，这可以体现在乐高的格言“只有最好的才足够好”。根据句意以及上文the可知应填形容词最高级highest。 10．考查虚拟语气。句意：但如果他们在困难时期放弃了，这一切在当时都不会存在。在if引导的虚拟语气中，表示与过去事实相反的情况。其句型为“ if + 主语 + 动词的过去完成式，主语 +would / could / should / might + have + 动词的过去分词”。故填had given up。 二、结合上述语篇的内容，按要求用情态动词改写句子。 原句 改写要求 改写后的句子 1 Now children are able to play with various Lego products. 用情态动词can改写句子 2 Ole was forced to make toys day and night to raise his family. 用had to改写句子 3 It is certain that Ole experienced great pain after his wife passed away. 用must have done结构改写 4 Ole’s wooden toys were not popular, so he didn’t make much money. 用if引导对现在虚拟条件句改写 5 They didn’t give up when difficulties came, so Lego finally came into being. 用if引导对过去虚拟条件句改写 6 It is advisable for toy makers to stick to high-quality standards. 用should改写句子 【参考答案】 原句 改写要求 改写后的句子 1 Now children are able to play with various Lego products. 用情态动词can改写句子 Now children can play with various Lego products. 2 Ole was forced to make toys day and night to raise his family. 用had to改写句子 Ole had to make toys day and night to raise his family. 3 It is certain that Ole experienced great pain after his wife passed away. 用must have done结构改写 Ole must have experienced great pain after his wife passed away. 4 Ole’s wooden toys were not popular, so he didn’t make much money. 用if引导对现在虚拟条件句改写 If Ole’s wooden toys were popular, he would make much money. 5 They didn’t give up when difficulties came, so Lego finally came into being. 用if引导对过去虚拟条件句改写 If they had given up when difficulties came, none of Lego would have existed. 6 It is advisable for toy makers to stick to high-quality standards. 用should改写句子 Toy makers should stick to high-quality standards. ◇Part 02 知识运用题型强化练 一、阅读理解 1 Imagine a robot that could do your laundry, cook your dinner, or stock the dairy section at your local grocery store. Humans have long been able to teach robots how to do individual tasks, but instructing them on these more complex (复杂的) jobs has been a challenging goal, despite billions of dollars invested in robotics. Now, a team of scientists in Switzerland has made progress in the quest to invent helpful robots that can act on complex instructions from humans. A problem that robotics scientists like Sthithpragya Gupta have long battled is that robots cannot do tasks beyond those that they are specifically programmed for. Take tennis as an example. Robots may be able to learn how to hit a backhand shot perfectly. But if conditions change — say, their opponent moves — it all falls apart. Humans have no problem adjusting to these kinds of changes. Teaching a robot how to adapt, though, is much more difficult. Gupta and his colleagues have published a paper showing a new way of teaching robots using machine learning. The approach relies on kinematic (运动学上的) intelligence — a robot’s built-in awareness of how its own body can move safely through space. In a video showing their technology, robots with a single arm watch as a human instructor throws a ball into a small container. The robots then pick up the ball and copy the instructor’s behavior, adapting their own position. Robots are then capable of transferring these skills and knowledge to other robots. “It could be a turning point,” says Robert Platt, who studies robotics at Northeastern University. Platt noted that the field of robotics is not in widespread agreement about the path forward — but most agree the problem these researchers are handling is a critical one. However, this technology poses new questions about ethics (伦理标准). Susan Schneider at Florida Atlantic University points out that later versions of this technology could potentially be weaponized against humans. Future development will need rules. “I think really soon we should have regulatory frameworks on who operates a robot and how,” says Gupta. 1．What problem of robots has long troubled robotics scientists? A．The high costs of programming robots. B．The inability to follow complex tasks. C．The slow response to human orders. D．The lack of certain physical flexibility. 2．How did the Swiss team’s robots show their learning ability in the experiment? A．By correcting mistakes made by humans. B．By competing with human instructors. C．By adapting behavior for their position. D．By perfectly replaying human actions. 3．What can be inferred about the future of this robotic technology? A．It will soon replace human workers. B．Its path forward remains smooth. C．Its main risk is technical breakdown. D．It demands rules for its safe application. 4．What is the text mainly about? A．A breakthrough in adaptable robotics. B．The tough challenges of machine learning. C．Various ethical debates around robots. D．A commercial expectation of service robots. 附加题1：结合阅读理解的内容分析情态动词或虚拟语气的用法 原句 情态动词/虚拟语气的使用分析 1 Imagine a robot that could do your laundry, cook your dinner, or stock the dairy section at your local grocery store. 虚拟语气（含蓄虚拟）+could用法： 2 Robots may be able to learn how to hit a backhand shot perfectly. 情态动词may表推测： 3 I think really soon we should have regulatory frameworks on who operates a robot and how. 情态动词should表建议： 4 later versions of this technology could potentially be weaponized against humans. 情态动词could表委婉推测： 2 Cole Stelter arrived at Virginia Tech with a clear plan. Born in South Dakota, he moved to Virginia in 2012 and discovered his passion for biomedical engineering early on. “I’ve always loved Virginia Tech,” Stelter said. “Once I toured the department, I was completely impressed. I haven’t had a single regret.” His journey into engineering began in high school. Through a special program, Stelter became fascinated by bioprinting. “We worked with a bioprinter and even printed materials using algae (藻类),” he recalled. “That was my first chance to see that engineering could directly help human health.” Upon arriving at Virginia Tech, Stelter didn’t wait to dive into practical work. During his freshman year, he sought research opportunities and joined the Kim Lab led by Assistant Professor Oleg Kim. “Once I met the lab and the graduate students, I knew it was where I wanted to be,” Stelter said. In the lab, he focused on researching the effects of saliva (唾液) on blood clotting (凝块) mechanics in oral wound healing. His findings were great, discovering that saliva significantly reduces the time required for clot formation. Stelter’s senior design team is also making progress in medical technology. They are developing a specialized nerve conduit (神经导管) designed to help the repair of peripheral nerve injuries. This device serves as a bridge for damaged nerves, effectively promoting natural regrowth. “Instead of relying on nerve grafts (移植), which often only restore about half of motor and sensory function, our goal is to allow the nerve to reconnect, naturally,” Stelter explained. “That could greatly improve recovery.” After graduating in just three years, Stelter has found his true interest in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. He plans to continue his research at Virginia Tech and in the Kim Lab, eventually working toward a Ph. D．to continue making an impact on human health through his dedicated scientific efforts. 5．What initially inspired Stelter’s passion for biomedical engineering? A．His tour of Virginia Tech’s department. B．A desire to improve environment. C．His personal experience with diseases. D．A high school program with bioprinting. 6．What did Stelter discover about saliva in wound healing? A．It slows down blood clotting. B．It shortens the time of clot formation. C．It replaces the need for grafts. D．It assists natural nerve growth. 7．What is the value of the new device? A．It replaces traditional motor functions. B．It simplifies complex graft processes. C．It improves nerves’natural regrowth. D．It contributes to a complete recovery. 8．Which best describes Stelter’s educational journey? A．Physically demanding. B．Eye-opening. C．Financially rewarding. D．Goal-driven. 附加题2：结合阅读理解的内容分析情态动词或虚拟语气的用法 原句 情态动词/虚拟语气的使用分析 1 That could greatly improve recovery. 情态动词could表潜在能力/预期效果： 2 which often only restore about half of motor and sensory function. 情态动词隐含用法： 3 Once I toured the department, I knew it was where I wanted to be. 宾语从句隐含愿望虚拟： 3 Valentia Island, one of Ireland’s most westerly points, receives around 20,000 visitors annually. Most tourists come to the island to see the picturesque lighthouse. Since Paul O’Neil built the first bee beds on the island in summer 2023, visitors have been drawn to the island for a unique experience. “I’ve created a whole experience around the bee beds,” explains Paul. “You start on a bus where we will give you a natural liquid collected by honey bees, then I will help you into your beekeeping suits.” Each wooden house has two beds, each with five hives (蜂箱) underneath it. “You’re very close to the bees but protected by a fine net. There are also observation hives built into the wall of the house where you can observe all the bees in a way that you can’t even do through traditional beekeeping. You’re then free to just lie down and experience this unique moment,” says Paul. Guests usually stay for about half an hour, breathing in the smell of fanning bees. Many fall fast asleep, supported by advanced red light technology, soft sounds, and nice smells. The hives similarly purify the air, which Paul says are “very beneficial for cleansing your lungs.” Being so close to honey bees is thought to have beneficial health effects. While claims haven’t been proven, bee beds have been used for centuries for sleep disorders, tiredness, and stress. The bee houses close during the winter months when the queen stops laying, but they reopen in the spring when the queen is busy again. Due to the year-round demand, Paul is now looking to winter bee experiences for bee-friendly visitors. Beekeepers, who barely cover their costs these days, can earn a second income from this unusual travel trend. That’s why Paul offers a course that teaches other bee enthusiasts how to set up bee beds. “Bee beds allow normal people to feel the goodness of bees while obviating the risks of being a beekeeper,” says Paul. 9．What was Paul’s motivation for building bee beds? A．To protect wild bees. B．To attract tourists with uniqueness. C．To sell honey on Valentia Island. D．To replace traditional beekeeping. 10．What can guests get during their bee bed experience? A．A course on setting up bee beds. B．A chance to engage in beekeeping. C．Peaceful rest and natural comfort. D．30 minutes of physical exercise and recovery. 11．What is Paul’s plan for the future? A．Moving bee beds outdoors. B．Providing winter bee experiences. C．Improving the living environment of bees. D．Offering a safe environment for observing bees. 12．What does the underlined word “obviating” in the last paragraph mean? A．Posing. B．Assessing. C．Spreading. D．Removing. 附加题3：结合阅读理解的内容分析情态动词或虚拟语气的用法 原句 情态动词/虚拟语气的使用分析 1 you can’t even do through traditional beekeeping. 情态动词can表客观能力（否定形式）： 2 we will give you a natural liquid collected by honey bees. 情态动词will表客观将来安排： 3 While claims haven’t been proven, bee beds have been used for centuries for sleep disorders, tiredness, and stress. 让步状语从句隐含推测情态： 4 Have you ever dreamed of leaving the noisy city behind and setting off on a journey across a vast, totally unexplored land? For many travelers, this kind of exciting adventure is the ultimate escape from the routines of daily life. 13 The journey begins with careful and thorough preparation. First, travelers must choose a suitable and practical route. Some prefer to follow well-marked paths that pass through famous scenic spots. 14 No matter which route they take, packing the right and proper supplies is essential. Water, food, a first-aid kit and durable clothing are among the top priorities. Once on the road, the vast land unfolds its unique beauty and challenges. The landscape changes dramatically from one single day to the next. 15 At night, the sky is filled with countless bright stars, creating a view that city residents rarely get to see. However, travelers also face unexpected difficulties, such as sudden weather changes and long stretches of empty land with no gas stations or restaurants. 16 They learn to read the clear signs of nature, such as the direction of the wind and the behavior of wild animals, to find their way and stay safe. They also develop a deep appreciation for the simple little things in life, like a clear stream to drink from or a warm campfire to gather around. At the end of the journey, travelers return home with more than just simple photos and souvenirs. 17 This journey across a vast land is not just a physical experience but a spiritual one that changes their perspective on life forever. A．Others choose to take unknown roads to find new places. B．They also get a refreshing feeling and a deep love for nature. C．It lets people get close to nature and understand the freedom. D．Good planning can help travelers avoid trouble and enjoy the trip. E．On the way travelers encounter diverse wildlife from deer to eagles. F．People who like challenges can take the trip to test how far they can go. G．Travelers soon know they have to depend on their own skills and ideas. 附加题4：结合阅读理解的内容分析情态动词或虚拟语气的用法 原句 情态动词/虚拟语气的使用分析 1 Have you ever dreamed of leaving the noisy city behind and setting off on a journey across a vast, totally unexplored land? wish/dream类动词引导愿望虚拟语气： 2 travelers must choose a suitable and practical route. 情态动词must表客观必须、强制要求： 3 Good planning can help travelers avoid trouble and enjoy the trip. 情态动词can表客观功用： 。 二、完形填空 At nineteen, Holly set off to study abroad in Nancy, France, her heart full of excitement. Yet within weeks of arrival, that excitement 18 into loneliness. Daily life in a foreign land proved much harder than 19 , especially when it came to speaking French. “I could understand the language somewhat, but I was 20 at speaking it. My accent (口音) was bad. People couldn’t understand me,” she said. The continuous 21 to be understood left her tired and sad. The only thing keeping her going was a 22 package from home. “Mother had sent my favorite food — something I couldn’t find in local shops.” She went to the post office to 23 it, but the clerk couldn’t understand her broken speech no matter how hard she tried. “The more I repeated myself, the more discouraged and 24 I felt. I was about to 25 in tears when a stranger came to my 26 .” A local woman asked, in Holly’s own language, “Can I help you?” And then she spoke to the clerk, and within minutes, the package was in Holly’s hands. But the kindness didn’t 27 there. The woman invited Holly to her house for dinner. “It soon became our weekly habit. It was a safe place where I could 28 my French without fear. I 29 felt like I was at home there.” Decades later, they still keep in touch. “Her act of kindness has 30 my life,” Holly said. “Now I pay more attention to people who need help, offering the same 31 I once received. I will be forever 32 that someone chose to help me when I needed it most.” 18．A．broke B．divided C．gathered D．faded 19．A．expected B．requested C．indicated D．promised 20．A．excellent B．amazing C．terrible D．patient 21．A．option B．struggle C．decision D．reflection 22．A．familiar B．neat C．mysterious D．commercial 23．A．deliver B．collect C．recycle D．approach 24．A．intelligent B．energetic C．disappointed D．fascinated 25．A．calm down B．bring up C．set off D．break down 26．A．rescue B．permission C．defence D．judgement 27．A．start B．continue C．end D．form 28．A．update B．practice C．ignore D．test 29．A．truly B．hardly C．sharply D．occasionally 30．A．determined B．signaled C．impressed D．influenced 31．A．resource B．warmth C．suggestion D．respect 32．A．careful B．regretful C．cheerful D．grateful 三、语法填空 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Since November 5, the Inka Museum in Cuzco, Peru, has held the exhibition “Light of the Sun: A Dialogue Between Ancient Shu and Inca Civilizations”, 33 features numerous cultural treasures. On display are copies and 3D-printed versions of 34 (object) from China’s ancient Shu kingdom, such as giant bronze trees and golden masks, alongside Inca relics (文物). Both cultures share a respect for the sun and a love for gold, 35 (make) the exhibition a powerful vehicle for cultural exchange. This is not the first cross-cultural event. In 2016, to mark 36 45th anniversary of China-Peru diplomatic (外交的) relations, over 100 Chinese exhibits were shown in Lima, with thousands of visitors eager 37 (see) relics like the Terracotta Warriors. In recent years, Chinese museums have also hosted Peruvian relic exhibitions. A 2021 joint show 38 (tour) five Chinese cities. After that, a 2024 exhibition featuring 168 relics from 14 Peruvian museums proved highly popular in Chengdu 39 Shenzhen, attracting over a million visitors in total. The Peruvian President even visited the Shenzhen show. These exchanges can 40 (deep) mutual understanding and help people recognize 41 (share) cultural roots. They highlight the vital role cultural interaction plays 42 bridging distant civilizations and strengthening ties between China and Peru. 四、写作 假定你是李华，你校英文报将举办榜样人物分享会（Role Model Sharing Session）。请你给学生会写一封推荐信，推荐一位你敬佩的人（可以是名人，也可以是身边榜样人物）。 内容包括：(1) 你推荐的人物简介；(2) 推荐理由。 注意：(1) 写作词数应为 80 个左右；(2) 可适当加入细节，使行文连贯。 Dear Student Union, _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Yours   Li Hua 参考答案 一、 阅读理解题答案： 1 1．B 2．C 3．D 4．A 【解析】文章主要介绍瑞士科学家团队在自适应机器人研发领域取得突破，阐述传统机器人存在的局限、新型机器人的学习原理与实验表现，同时提及业内评价以及该技术衍生的伦理监管问题。 1．细节理解题。根据第二段“A problem that robotics scientists like Sthithpragya Gupta have long battled is that robots cannot do tasks beyond those that they are specifically programmed for. Humans have no problem adjusting to these kinds of changes. Teaching a robot how to adapt, though, is much more difficult.(像Sthithpragya Gupta这样的机器人学家长期以来都在攻克一个难题：机器人无法完成特定编程范围之外的任务。人类适应这类变化毫无难度，但教会机器人灵活适应却要困难得多。)”可知，长期困扰机器人科学家的难题是机器人无法完成复杂任务、难以应对多变任务场景。 2．细节理解题。根据第三段“In a video showing their technology, robots with a single arm watch as a human instructor throws a ball into a small container. The robots then pick up the ball and copy the instructor’s behavior, adapting their own position.(在展示这项技术的视频中，单机械臂机器人观察人类指导员将球扔进小容器，随后机器人捡起球，模仿指导员的动作，同时调整自身站位。)”可知，瑞士团队的机器人通过调整自身站位来适配动作，以此展现学习能力。 3．推理判断题。根据最后一段“However, this technology poses new questions about ethics. Susan Schneider at Florida Atlantic University points out that later versions of this technology could potentially be weaponized against humans. Future development will need rules. ‘I think really soon we should have regulatory frameworks on who operates a robot and how,’ says Gupta.(然而这项技术带来了新的伦理难题。佛罗里达大西洋大学的Susan Schneider指出，该技术的后续版本有可能被制造成针对人类的武器，未来发展需要配套规则。Gupta表示：‘我认为我们应当尽快出台监管框架，规范机器人的操作人员与操作方式。’)”可知，这项机器人技术想要安全落地使用，必须配套相关监管规则。 4．主旨大意题。根据第二段“Now, a team of scientists in Switzerland has made progress in the quest to invent helpful robots that can act on complex instructions from humans.(如今，瑞士一组科学家在研发能执行人类复杂指令的实用机器人这一探索中取得了进展。)”、第三段“Gupta and his colleagues have published a paper showing a new way of teaching robots using machine learning.(Gupta及其同事发表论文，展示一种利用机器学习训练机器人的新方法。)”及最后一段“However, this technology poses new questions about ethics.(然而这项技术带来了新的伦理难题。)”可知，文章先点明传统机器人难以适配复杂可变任务的痛点，再重点介绍瑞士团队研发出的机器人技术突破，同时补充业内评价与技术伦理监管问题，全文核心围绕可自适应机器人领域的技术突破展开。 2 5．D 6．B 7．C 8．D 【解析】主要讲述大学生科尔·斯特尔特的求学科研经历，介绍他接触生物医学工程的契机、两项研究成果以及未来深造规划。 5．细节理解题。根据第二段中的“His journey into engineering began in high school. Through a special program, Stelter became fascinated by bioprinting.(他的工程学之路始于高中。通过一个特殊项目，斯特尔特对生物打印产生了浓厚兴趣。)”可知，高中的生物打印专项项目最初激发了他对生物医学工程的热爱。 6．细节理解题。根据第三段中的“His findings were great, discovering that saliva significantly reduces the time required for clot formation.(他的研究成果十分可观，他发现唾液能大幅缩短血块形成所需的时间。)”可知，唾液可以缩短血块形成的时长。 7．细节理解题。根据第四段中的“They are developing a specialized nerve conduit (神经导管) designed to help the repair of peripheral nerve injuries. This device serves as a bridge for damaged nerves, effectively promoting natural regrowth.(他们正在研发一种专用神经导管，该导管旨在辅助修复周围神经损伤。这款装置可充当受损神经之间的桥梁，有效促进神经自然再生。)”可知，这款新设备的作用是促进神经自然再生。 8．推理判断题。通读全文，尤其是第一段中的“Cole Stelter arrived at Virginia Tech with a clear plan.(科尔·斯特尔特带着清晰的规划进入弗吉尼亚理工大学。)”以及尾段中的“He plans to continue his research at Virginia Tech and in the Kim Lab, eventually working toward a Ph. D. to continue making an impact on human health through his dedicated scientific efforts.(他计划继续在弗吉尼亚理工大学以及金实验室开展研究，最终攻读博士学位，凭借自身潜心钻研的科研工作持续为人类健康事业贡献力量。)”可知，从入学到科研再到深造，他始终有着清晰明确的目标，由此能推断出他的求学之路是目标导向型的。 3 9．B 10．C 11．B 12．D 【解析】主要介绍爱尔兰瓦伦西亚岛保罗打造特色蜂床体验项目，项目内容、养生效果、运营规划以及该项目给养蜂人带来的增收机会。 9．细节理解题。根据第一段“Since Paul O’Neil built the first bee beds on the island in summer 2023, visitors have been drawn to the island for a unique experience.(自2023年夏天保罗·奥尼尔在岛上建造了第一批蜜蜂床以来，游客们被吸引到这个岛上体验独特的经历)”可知，保罗建造蜜蜂床的动机是用独特性吸引游客。 10．推理判断题。根据第四段“Guests usually stay for about half an hour, breathing in the smell of fanning bees. Many fall fast asleep, supported by advanced red light technology, soft sounds, and nice smells.(客人通常会停留大约半小时，呼吸着扇动翅膀的蜜蜂散发的气味。在先进的红光技术、轻柔的声音和宜人的气味的帮助下，许多人很快就睡着了)”可知，客人在蜜蜂床体验中能得到宁静的休息和自然的舒适。 11．细节理解题。根据第五段“Due to the year-round demand, Paul is now looking to winter bee experiences for bee - friendly visitors.(由于全年都有需求，保罗现在正在为喜欢蜜蜂的游客寻找冬季蜜蜂体验项目)”可知，保罗未来的计划是提供冬季蜜蜂体验。 12．词句猜测题。根据最后一段““Bee beds allow normal people to feel the goodness of bees while obviating the risks of being a beekeeper,” says Paul.(保罗说：“蜜蜂床让普通人在……成为养蜂人的风险的同时，感受到蜜蜂的益处。”)”以及结合前文游客在蜜蜂床的安全体验，可推测obviating意思是“消除”。 4 13．C 14．A 15．E 16．G 17．B 【解析】本文介绍荒野长途旅行，依次讲述荒野旅行的吸引力、出行前的准备、途中的美景与困难、旅途中人的成长以及旅行带来的精神收获。 13．前文“For many travelers, this kind of exciting adventure is the ultimate escape from the routines of daily life.(对许多旅行者而言，这种刺激的冒险是摆脱日常琐事的终极方式)”介绍荒野探险旅行是逃离平淡生活的绝佳选择。后文“The journey begins with careful and thorough preparation.(这段旅程需要细致周全的准备)”开始转入旅行出行准备的内容。由此可知，空格处需要承接上文，介绍荒野旅行带来的益处。C项“它让人们亲近自然，理解自由。”符合语境。 14．前文“Some prefer to follow well-marked paths that pass through famous scenic spots.(一些人偏爱走标识清晰、途经知名景点的路线)”介绍第一种游客的路线选择。后文“No matter which route they take, packing the right and proper supplies is essential.(无论选择哪条路线，准备合适的物资都至关重要)”说明无论哪种路线都要备好物资。由此可知，空格处使用固定搭配some…others…，对比介绍另一类人的路线选择。A项“另一些人选择走鲜为人知的道路去探寻全新地点。”符合语境。 15．前文“The landscape changes dramatically from one single day to the next.(每一天沿途的风景都截然不同)”讲述路上景色多变。后文“At night, the sky is filled with countless bright stars, creating a view that city residents rarely get to see.(夜晚漫天繁星，是城市居民难得一见的美景)”描写夜晚独特的自然景观。由此可知，空格处需要补充旅途途中能见到的自然景致。E项“在路上旅行者会遇见从鹿到鹰等各种各样的野生动物。”符合语境。 16．后文“They learn to read the clear signs of nature, such as the direction of the wind and the behavior of wild animals, to find their way and stay safe.(他们学会解读大自然的信号，比如风向、野生动物的行为来辨别方向、保障自身安全)”说明旅行者依靠自身能力借助自然求生。由此可知，空格处总起本段，点明旅人需要依靠自己的能力与判断。G项“旅行者很快意识到他们必须依靠自己的本领和想法。”符合语境。 17．前文“At the end of the journey, travelers return home with more than just simple photos and souvenirs.(旅途结束，旅行者带回家的不只是照片和纪念品)”说明旅行收获不止实物纪念品。后文“This journey across a vast land is not just a physical experience but a spiritual one that changes their perspective on life forever.(这场旷野之旅不只是身体上的体验，更是精神层面的历练，永久改变他们看待生活的方式)”点明旅行带来精神层面的改变。由此可知，空格处补充旅途带来的精神感受，与前文more than呼应。B 项“他们还收获清爽愉悦的心境，以及对自然深沉的热爱。”符合语境。 附加题答案： 附加题1：结合阅读理解的内容分析情态动词或虚拟语气的用法 原句 情态动词/虚拟语气的使用分析 1 Imagine a robot that could do your laundry, cook your dinner, or stock the dairy section at your local grocery store. 虚拟语气（含蓄虚拟）+could用法：本句为与现在事实相反的含蓄虚拟语气。现实中目前机器人无法独立完成洗衣、做饭等全套复杂家务，此处用could（can过去式）表虚拟假设，而非过去能力；规律：语境描述当下无法实现的假想场景，用could代替can表达虚拟能力，从句无需if引导，依托imagine一词自带虚拟语境。 2 Robots may be able to learn how to hit a backhand shot perfectly. 情态动词may表推测：may用于肯定句中，表达客观可能性推测，意为“也许、可能”；语气弱于must，强于might；句式规律：may + do/be able to do，用于描述事物客观存在的可能性，无主观判断色彩，贴合科技文客观说明的行文特点。 3 I think really soon we should have regulatory frameworks on who operates a robot and how. 情态动词should表建议：should后接动词原形，表达说话人主观建议、应当做某事；语境为科研人员针对机器人伦理风险提出解决方案，属于针对性建议；句式规律：主语+should+动词原形，用于观点表达类语句，无过去时间含义。 4 later versions of this technology could potentially be weaponized against humans. 情态动词could表委婉推测：此处could不表虚拟，也不表过去能力，而是比may/might更委婉的将来可能性推测，用于指出科技潜在的负面风险；区别于第一句虚拟could：本句描述未来大概率可能发生的真实隐患，而非完全不可能的假想。 附加题2：结合阅读理解的内容分析情态动词或虚拟语气的用法 原句 情态动词/虚拟语气的使用分析 1 That could greatly improve recovery. 情态动词could表潜在能力/预期效果：科技说明文常用用法，could用于介绍新研发设备具备潜在的使用价值，语气委婉客观，不做绝对化肯定；规律：在介绍科研成果、新产品功能时，多用could替代can，弱化绝对语气，符合学术文本严谨性。 2 which often only restore about half of motor and sensory function. 情态动词隐含用法：本句省略情态动词can，完整句式为which often only can restore...；can此处表示事物本身具备的固有能力、客观功能，用于说明传统神经移植手术客观存在的功能局限，是说明文描述事物固有属性的高频用法。 3 Once I toured the department, I knew it was where I wanted to be. 宾语从句隐含愿望虚拟：want表达主观心愿，该宾语从句属于愿望类虚拟语境，侧重表达内心期许；口语及记叙文中常用陈述语序替代正式虚拟句式，侧重突出人物当下坚定的主观意愿，无需使用would/could这类虚拟标志词。 附加题3：结合阅读理解的内容分析情态动词或虚拟语气的用法 原句 情态动词/虚拟语气的使用分析 1 you can’t even do through traditional beekeeping. 情态动词can表客观能力（否定形式）：can’t表示客观上不具备某种能力，用于对比新型蜂床观察模式和传统养蜂模式的差距；句式规律：can/can’t + 实义动词原形，描述人/事物客观能否完成某项动作，是阅读记叙文、说明文最基础的情态动词用法。 2 we will give you a natural liquid collected by honey bees. 情态动词will表客观将来安排：will此处不表主观意愿，而是用于旅游项目介绍，表达既定的将来流程、固定安排；文旅介绍类文本中，will常用来介绍服务流程、活动步骤，语气正式客观。 3 While claims haven’t been proven, bee beds have been used for centuries for sleep disorders, tiredness, and stress. 让步状语从句隐含推测情态：句子暗含隐性推测含义，等同于People may think bee beds are beneficial；may用于让步语境中，表达未经科学证实的大众主观推测，贴合while让步转折的逻辑。 附加题4：结合阅读理解的内容分析情态动词或虚拟语气的用法 原句 情态动词/虚拟语气的使用分析 1 Have you ever dreamed of leaving the noisy city behind and setting off on a journey across a vast, totally unexplored land? wish/dream类动词引导愿望虚拟语气：dream of doing sth 暗含与当下现实不符的愿望虚拟，多数人只是向往荒野旅行，现实中很难实现；规律：dream/wish/hope后接向往的场景时，自带虚拟语气色彩，描述难以实现的美好憧憬，无需if从句。 2 travelers must choose a suitable and practical route. 情态动词must表客观必须、强制要求：must用于说明文，强调荒野旅行中客观硬性要求，是客观规则而非主观命令；区分have to：must侧重主观认为必须做，have to侧重客观被迫，本句为作者主观建议旅行者必须做准备，用must。 3 Good planning can help travelers avoid trouble and enjoy the trip. 情态动词can表客观功用：can用于说明事物本身具备的功能、作用，本句表达完善规划具备帮助旅行者规避风险的客观作用，是议论文、说明文介绍事物价值的核心用法。 二、 18．D 19．A 20．C 21．B 22．A 23．B 24．C 25．D 26．A 27．C 28．B 29．A 30．D 31．B 32．D 【解析】文章主要讲述了Holly留学法国受挫，因陌生女人相助重获温暖并将善意传递的故事。 18．考查动词。句意：然而，在抵达后的几周内，那份兴奋逐渐消退，变成了孤独。A. broke打破；B. divided分开；C. gathered聚集；D. faded消退。根据前文“excitement”和后文“into loneliness”可知，情绪从兴奋变为孤独是一个减弱的过程，fade into意为“逐渐消逝变成”。 19．考查动词。句意：事实证明，异国他乡的日常生活比预期的要艰难得多，尤其是在说法语方面。A. expected预期；B. requested请求；C. indicated表明；D. promised承诺。根据前文“proved much harder than”可知，现实生活比预想的情况更困难。 20．考查形容词。句意：我能听懂一点法语，但说得非常糟糕。A. excellent优秀；B. amazing惊人；C. terrible糟糕；D. patient耐心。根据后文“My accent was bad. People couldn’t understand me”可知，Holly的口语水平很差。 21．考查名词。句意：为了让别人听懂自己而不断努力，让她感到疲惫和难过。A. option选择；B. struggle奋斗、挣扎；C. decision决定；D. reflection反思。根据后文“to be understood left her tired and sad”可知，因为Holly的口语水平很差，所以她努力让别人听懂，the struggle to do sth.意为“努力做某事”。 22．考查形容词。句意：唯一支撑她继续走下去的，是一个来自家乡的熟悉的包裹。A. familiar熟悉；B. neat整洁；C. mysterious神秘；D. commercial商业。根据后文“Mother had sent my favorite food”可知，这是来自家人的熟悉物品。 23．考查动词。句意：她去邮局取包裹，但无论怎么努力，工作人员都听不懂她的结巴法语。A. deliver递送；B. collect领取；C. recycle回收；D. approach接近。根据前文“The only thing keeping her going was a  ________  package from home.”可知，Holly是去邮局取包裹。 24．考查形容词。句意：我越是重复，就越气馁和失望。A. intelligent聪明；B. energetic精力充沛；C. disappointed失望；D. fascinated着迷。根据前文“The more I repeated myself, the more discouraged”可知，空处与discouraged并列，感情色彩一致。disappointed与discouraged同为负面情绪，表示失望的。 25．考查动词短语。句意：我正要崩溃大哭时，一个陌生人来解救了我。A. calm down冷静下来；B. bring up抚养；C. set off出发；D. break down崩溃。根据空后“in tears”可知，Holly情绪失控，快要崩溃了。 26．考查名词。句意：同上。A. rescue救援；B. permission许可；C. defence防御；D. judgement判断。根据后文“A local woman asked, in Holly’s own language, “Can I help you?””可知，一个陌生人过来解救了Holly。此处是固定搭配come to one’s rescue，意为“来帮助/解救某人”。 27．考查动词。句意：但这份善意并没有止步于此。A. start开始；B. continue继续；C. end结束；D. form形成。根据后文“The woman invited Holly to her house for dinner”可知，善意不止于帮取包裹，还延伸到了更多。 28．考查动词。句意：那是一个我可以毫无畏惧地练习法语的安全地方。A. update更新；B. practice练习；C. ignore忽视；D. test测试。根据后文“my French without fear”可知，在安全的环境中可以大胆练习说法语。 29．考查副词。句意：在那儿，我真真切切地感觉像在家一样。A. truly真正；B. hardly几乎不；C. sharply急剧；D. occasionally偶尔。根据后文“felt like I was at home there”可知，Holly是真实地感受到了家的氛围。 30．考查动词。句意：Holly说：“她的善行影响了我的一生。”A. determined决定；B. signaled发信号；C. impressed给……留下印象；D. influenced影响。根据后文“Now I pay more attention to people who need help”可知，这件事对Holly的人生造成了深远的影响。 31．考查名词。句意：现在我更关注需要帮助的人，给予我曾得到的同样的温暖。A. resource资源；B. warmth温暖；C. suggestion建议；D. respect尊重。根据前文“act of kindness”可知，是指曾收到的温暖和帮助。 32．考查形容词。句意：我将永远感激那个在最需要帮助的时候选择了帮助我的人。A. careful小心；B. regretful遗憾；C. cheerful愉快；D. grateful感激。根据后文“someone chose to help me when I needed it most”以及全文语境可知，那位女士在Holly最无助时伸出援手，Holly对此充满感激。 三、 33．which 34．objects 35．making 36．the 37．to see 38．toured 39．and 40．deepen 41．shared 42．in 【解析】本文主要介绍秘鲁库斯科印加博物馆举办古蜀与印加文明对话主题展览，梳理中秘历年文物互展历程，点明文明交流的意义。 33．考查定语从句。句意：自11月5日起，秘鲁库斯科的印加博物馆举办了名为《太阳之光：古蜀与印加文明的对话》的展览，该展览展出了大量文化瑰宝。空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词为the exhibition（物），关系代词在从句内部作主语，只能用关系代词which。 34．考查名词单复数。句意：展出物品包括来自中国古蜀王国文物的复刻品与3D打印版本，例如巨型青铜神树与黄金面具，同时还有印加文物。object为可数名词，后文列举了青铜神树、黄金面具两类文物，指代多件古蜀文物，需要变为复数形式objects。 35．考查非谓语动词。句意：两种文明都尊崇太阳且喜爱黄金，这使得本次展览成为文化交流的有力载体。空格前句子结构完整，无并列连词，空格为非谓语动词。主句描述的客观事实主动引出后文结果，现在分词making表自然而然的结果。 36．考查定冠词。句意：2016年，为纪念中秘建交45周年，超过100件中国展品在利马展出，数千名游客渴望观赏兵马俑等文物。序数词45th（第四十五）前面必须加定冠词the，特指中秘外交关系的第45个周年。 37．考查非谓语动词。句意同上。固定短语be eager to do sth. 意为“渴望做某事”，eager后必须接动词不定式。 38．考查时态。句意：一场2021年的联合展览在中国五座城市巡回展出。本句缺少谓语动词，时间状语2021为明确过去时间，时态用一般过去时，tour过去式直接加ed。 39．考查并列连词。句意：在那之后，一场汇集14座秘鲁博物馆168件文物的2024年展览在成都和深圳大受欢迎，总共吸引了超过一百万游客。Chengdu与Shenzhen为两个并列地点名词，表并列关系，用并列连词and。 40．考查动词。句意：这些交流能够加深相互理解，并且帮助人们认识共通的文化根源。情态动词can后必须接动词原形，deep为形容词“深的”，对应的动词为deepen，意为“加深；深化”。 41．考查非谓语动词。句意同上。share与后文cultural roots为被动逻辑关系，文化根源是被双方所共享的，用过去分词shared作前置定语。 42．考查介词。句意：它们凸显了文化互动在衔接遥远文明、巩固中秘双边关系方面的重要作用。固定结构play a role in doing sth. 意为“在做某事中发挥作用”，本句为定语从句变形，先行词role提前，介词in不发生改变。 四、 Dear Student Union, I am writing to recommend my classmate Li Jia for the Role Model Sharing Session. Li Jia is a hard-working and warm-hearted student in our grade. She always ranks top in our studies and keeps working hard steadily. I recommend her mainly for two reasons. First, she has a strong sense of responsibility. Whenever classmates meet with study problems, she is always ready to help patiently. Second, she sticks to running every morning to keep fit, showing great perseverance. I firmly believe she is a worthy role model for us all. Yours sincerely,        Li Hua 【解析】本篇书面表达要求考生以李华的身份给学生会写一封推荐信，为学校榜样人物分享会推荐一名身边榜样，介绍推荐人物基本信息并说明两点推荐理由。 1.词汇积累 勤奋的：hard-working → diligent 稳定地：steadily → consistently 坚持：stick to → insist on 毅力：perseverance → willpower 2.句式拓展 同义句转换 原句：I firmly believe she is a worthy role model for us all. 拓展句：I hold the firm belief that she is a worthy role model for us all. 【点睛】【高分句型1】Second, she sticks to running every morning to keep fit, showing great perseverance.（运用了现在分词短语作状语） 【高分句型2】I firmly believe she is a worthy role model for us all. （运用了省略了连接词that的宾语从句作believe的宾语） ( 1 / 2 )学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 2027年高考英语一轮复习能力突破（结构化知识+题型提升练） 专题12 情态动词与虚拟语气 目录 第一部分 必备知识结构化清单 梳理必备的语言知识点，夯实语言基础能力 第二部分 知识运用题型强化练 必备知识与能力提升练，提升语言运用能力 ◇Part 01 必备知识结构化清单 知｜识｜清｜单 真题分析 【真题再现】 【2026年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试(全国Ⅰ卷)阅读理解C篇】In line with longstanding initiatives to expand its green spaces, New York City is planting tens of thousands of trees each year. They provide shade, lower surface temperatures, absorb a surprising amount of airborne carbon, remove tiny pollutants, and provide wildlife habitat along with just plain beauty. Something could go wrong, though, according to a new study. Oaks and sweetgums, which currently account for a majority of the city’s trees, produce huge amounts of a chemical substance called isoprene. Harmless by itself, isoprene interacts rapidly with polluting nitrogen oxides released by vehicles, buildings and industry to form ground-level ozone (臭氧) — a major factor in many breathing problems. The research, carried out by scientists at the Columbia Climate School and other institutions, found that if the city maintains past species patterns in new plantings, isoprene production in Manhattan in coming decades will go up by about 140%, and resulting summer ozone levels as much as 30%. “We’re all for planting more trees. They bring so many good things,” said study coauthor Róisín Commane. “But if we’re not careful, we could make air quality worse.” The Parks Department is not oblivious to the issue. A study carried out by some of its researchers several years ago concluded that city trees did release isoprene. “We didn’t make a big deal of that,” said Novem Auyeung, a Parks Department senior scientist. She said trees should not be viewed as the enemy. “We could plant any trees we want to, if we just rethink our car-centric lifestyle,” she said. “We’re not going to go cutting down any big old oaks,” and neither will the department completely stop planting new ones, said Auyeung. “You have to think about what you would lose if you do that.” Oaks are keystone species, she pointed out, providing food and habitat for native insects, birds and other animals. 28. What does the new study imply regarding oaks and sweetgums? A. They affect the growth of other trees. B. They absorb less carbon than expected. C. They harm people’s health indirectly. D. They raise the local temperature slowly. 29. Which of the following may Commane suggest based on their study? A. Cutting down the isoprene-producing trees. B. Suspending tree-planting for a few decades. C. Changing the species of trees in new plantings. D. Removing isoprene released by existing trees. 30. What does the underlined phrase “oblivious to” in paragraph 5 mean? A. Honest about. B. Unaware of. C. Related to. D. Optimistic about. 31. What would Auyeung probably advocate? A. Reducing car use in daily life. B. Providing animals with new habitats. C. Controlling population growth. D. Doing more research on the problem. （答案：28. C 29. C 30. B 31. A） 【要点分析】 阅读语篇中的情态动词使用分析 原句 情态动词 使用解析 1 Something could go wrong, though, according to a new study. could 1. 此处could为can过去式，表客观可能性、潜在风险，语气弱于can； 2. 用于客观阐述研究预判的潜在问题，不表过去能力，仅表“有可能”； 3. 时态：一般现在语境下用could弱化肯定程度，表不确定推测。 2 But if we’re not careful, we could make air quality worse. could 1. if引导真实条件句（条件可实现），could表将来潜在负面结果； 2. 表达委婉警示：若做法不当，有可能造成不良后果； 3. 区别will：will是确定结果，could是存在可能性、未必一定发生。 3 She said trees should not be viewed as the enemy. should 1. should表客观建议、合理观点，意为“不应该”； 2. 后接被动语态（should not be done），用于表达专业人士的理性看法； 3. 语气中立客观，无强制含义，侧重“从道理上讲不该……”。 4 We could plant any trees we want to, if we just rethink our car-centric lifestyle. could 1. if引导真实条件状语从句，could表理论上可行的可能性； 2. 含义：只要改变出行方式，我们就可以随意栽种树木； 3. 表许可/可行性，而非过去能力，弱化绝对化表述，语气委婉。 5 We’re not going to go cutting down any big old oaks, and neither will the department completely stop planting new ones. will 1. will表将来计划、官方既定安排； 2. 用于否定倒装结构neither will…，表示“某一方也不会做某事”； 3. 说话人是公园部门工作人员，will用来陈述机构未来确定的行动方针。 6 You have to think about what you would lose if you do that. have to / would 1. have to：表客观必要性，意为“必须、不得不”，外部客观情况要求这么做，区别must（主观必须）； 2. would：此处用于宾语从句内，表假想、假设下的结果；if引导真实条件（if you do that），would弱化确定性，假设“如果这么做，你将会失去……”； 3. 整句逻辑：客观上你必须考虑假设行为带来的损失。 知识回顾 一、情态动词 （一）情态动词的核心用法 情态动词 核心意义 核心用法 例句 can / could 能够；可以；可能 1. can表现在能力/许可；could过去能力/委婉请求 2. 否定推测can’t（不可能） ①I can swim. 我会游泳。 ②Could you pass the salt? 能递下盐吗？ ③It can’t be Tom. 不可能是汤姆。 may / might 可以；也许 1. may许可、肯定推测（可能性中等） 2. might过去式，可能性更低；委婉请求 ①May I open the window? 我能开窗吗？ ②He may come later. 他或许晚点来。 ③It might rain tonight. 今晚可能下雨。 must 必须；一定 1. 主观必须；否定禁止mustn’t 2. 肯定推测（非常确定） ①You must finish homework. 你必须写完作业。 ②You mustn’t smoke here. 此处禁止吸烟。 ③The light is on, he must be home. 灯亮着，他肯定在家。 have to 不得不 客观需要，有人称时态变化 I have to get up early every day. 我每天不得不早起。 shall 将要；承诺/命令 1. 一三人称疑问句表请求 2. 二三人称表许诺、警告、命令 ①Shall we go out? 我们出去好吗？ ②You shall get your reward. 你会得到奖励。 will / would 将会；愿意；习惯 1. will现在意愿；would过去习惯/委婉请求 2. would do 过去常常 ①I will help you. 我愿意帮你。 ②He would walk to school when young. 他小时候常走路上学。 should / ought to 应该；竟然 1. 责任、建议；ought to语气更强 2. 表惊讶“竟然” ①You should exercise daily. 你应该每天锻炼。 ②It’s strange that he should refuse. 他居然拒绝，太奇怪了。 need 需要 作情态动词仅用于否定/疑问；实义动词可用于全部句式 ①Need I attend the meeting? 我需要参会吗？ ②You needn’t worry. 你不必担心。 dare 敢 情态动词多用于否定疑问；实义动词通用 Dare you jump down? 你敢跳下去吗？ （二）情态动词表示推测 推测类型 适用情态动词 结构 例句 对现在/当前状态肯定推测 must / may / might 情态动词 + do（状态动词） 情态动词 + be doing（正在做） 1. She must like music. 她一定喜欢音乐。 2. They may be studying now. 他们现在可能在学习。 对过去已发生事肯定推测 must / may / might 情态动词 + have done He must have missed the bus. 他一定错过公交了。 对现在否定推测 can’t / couldn’t can’t / couldn’t + do That can’t be my pen. 那不可能是我的笔。 对过去否定推测 can’t / couldn’t can’t / couldn’t + have done He can’t have left already. 他不可能早就走了。 对过去可能性极小推测 might / may might / may not + have done She might not have heard you. 她或许没听见你说话。 注意：must 不用于否定、疑问推测；否定推测一律用 can’t / couldn’t （三）情态动词特殊高频结构（高考单选必背） 固定结构 含义 例句 should have done 本应该做（实际没做，含责备） You should have told me earlier. 你本该早点告诉我。 shouldn’t have done 本不该做（实际做了） You shouldn’t have lied to her. 你不该对她撒谎。 could have done 本能够做却没做；过去本可能 You could have helped me. 你当时本可以帮我的。 needn’t have done 本不必做（白白做了） You needn’t have bought so much food. 你没必要买这么多吃的。 would have done 本会做（虚拟语气配套） I would have called you, but my phone died. 二、虚拟语气 （一）含if引导条件的虚拟语气（核心重难点） 虚拟时间 从句谓语（if条件句） 主句谓语 含义 例句 与现在事实相反 did / were would / could / should / might + do 现在实际情况相反 If I were you, I would accept the offer. 如果我是你，我会接受这份邀约。（我不是你） 与过去事实相反 had done would/could/should/might + have done 过去事实相反 If you had come yesterday, you would have met him. 如果你昨天来了，就能见到他。（你昨天没来） 与将来事实相反 1. should do 2. were to do 3. did / were would/could/should/might + do 将来几乎不可能发生 If it should rain tomorrow, we would cancel the trip. 万一明天下雨，我们就取消出行。 注意：倒装省略if的规则（高考难点） 条件从句有 should / were / had 时，可省略if，把这三个词提前倒装： If I were you → Were I you If you had worked hard → Had you worked hard If it should snow → Should it snow 例句：Had I known the truth, I wouldn’t have made the mistake.要是我早知道真相，就不会犯这个错了。 （二）含蓄虚拟语气（无if，用介词/连词暗示虚拟） 标志词 逻辑含义 结构 例句 without / but for 要不是，若无 主句按对应时间虚拟 But for your help, I would have failed. 要不是你的帮助，我当时早就失败了。（过去虚拟） otherwise / or 否则 主句虚拟，陈述分句用真实时态 I was busy then, otherwise I would have helped you. 我当时很忙，不然我就帮你了。 but 但是（转折真实事实） but前虚拟，but后真实过去时 I would have gone, but I was ill. 我本想去，但我生病了。 （三）名词性从句中的虚拟语气（必考：一坚持二命令三建议） 1. 表“建议、命令、要求”动词后的宾语从句 动词清单： 一坚持：insist（坚决要求） 二命令：order, command 三建议：suggest, advise, recommend 四要求：require, request, demand, ask 结构：(should) + 动词原形，should可省略 句式 例句 注意事项 主语+动词+(that) sb (should) do The teacher suggested that we (should) read more. 老师建议我们多阅读。 1.insist两层含义区分： ①坚决要求→虚拟(should)do ②坚持认为（陈述事实）→真实时态 He insisted that he was innocent. 他坚称自己无辜。 2.suggest两种用法 ① 表“建议”→宾语从句虚拟 (should) do He suggested that we (should) start early. ②表“暗示、表明”→陈述真实时态 His pale face suggested that he was ill. 他苍白的脸说明他生病了。 2. It is + 形容词/名词 + that从句 虚拟 形容词：important, necessary, strange, natural, surprising 名词：a pity, a shame, a suggestion 结构：that + (should) do 例句：It’s strange that he (should) refuse our help. 他居然拒绝我们的帮助，很奇怪。 3. wish 宾语从句虚拟（但愿…，难以实现） wish虚拟时间 从句谓语结构 例句 与现在相反 did / were I wish I had more free time. 但愿我有更多空闲。 与过去相反 had done I wish I hadn’t said that. 我真希望我没说过那句话。 与将来难实现 would / could do I wish it would stop raining. 但愿雨快点停。 （四）特殊句式中的虚拟 1.as if / as though 仿佛，好像 与现在相反：did/were；与过去相反：had done 例句：He talks as if he knew everything. 他说得好像什么都懂。 2.“would rather + 从句”表示“ 宁愿” 现在/将来：did；过去：had done 例句：I’d rather you stayed here tonight. 我宁愿你今晚留下。 3.It’s (high) time that… 该做某事了（暗含太晚） 从句固定用过去式 did 例句： It’s high time that we went home. 我们该回家了。 （五）混合虚拟语气（主从句时间不一致） 规则：主从句分别按照各自对应的时间选择谓语：从句对过去虚拟（had done），主句对现在虚拟（would do） 例1：If you had studied hard before（过去）, you would be a college student now（现在）.如果你以前努力学习，现在就是大学生了。 例2：If I were you（现在）, I would have taken that job last year（过去）.如果我是你，去年我就会接受那份工作。 基｜础｜练｜习 一、阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。 Have you ever wondered where Lego(乐高积木)came from? Like many great inventions,the story is not just one of a great idea, 1 one of a ton of hard work and perseverance（毅力）. The story started in Denmark. Ole Christiansen was a carpenter 2 was struggling with his small business. His wife died 3 (short) after his fourth son was born. He had to work hard to support his family alone. He started making wood toys,but they didn't sell well. He decided his toys needed a name,and he chose 4 name"Lego". Unfortunately, several years later, his workshop 5 (burn) to the ground. Soon,he started to make a few plastic toys. He got the idea to create a “system" of toys that would build up kids' 6 (imagine) and creativity. He decided to stop 7 (make) wood toys and focus only on the connected plastic toys. Then he started to build more and more kinds of 8 (model). Each one had to be of the 9 (high) quality, which can be reflected in Lego's motto —“Only the best is good enough. ” Thanks to their perseverance, kids can enjoy Lego toys, movies, amusement parks and clothing. But none of this would have existed at that time if they 10 (give up) when times got hard. 二、结合上述语篇的内容，按要求用情态动词改写句子。 原句 改写要求 改写后的句子 1 Now children are able to play with various Lego products. 用情态动词can改写句子 2 Ole was forced to make toys day and night to raise his family. 用had to改写句子 3 It is certain that Ole experienced great pain after his wife passed away. 用must have done结构改写 4 Ole’s wooden toys were not popular, so he didn’t make much money. 用if引导对现在虚拟条件句改写 5 They didn’t give up when difficulties came, so Lego finally came into being. 用if引导对过去虚拟条件句改写 6 It is advisable for toy makers to stick to high-quality standards. 用should改写句子 ◇Part 02 知识运用题型强化练 一、阅读理解 1 Imagine a robot that could do your laundry, cook your dinner, or stock the dairy section at your local grocery store. Humans have long been able to teach robots how to do individual tasks, but instructing them on these more complex (复杂的) jobs has been a challenging goal, despite billions of dollars invested in robotics. Now, a team of scientists in Switzerland has made progress in the quest to invent helpful robots that can act on complex instructions from humans. A problem that robotics scientists like Sthithpragya Gupta have long battled is that robots cannot do tasks beyond those that they are specifically programmed for. Take tennis as an example. Robots may be able to learn how to hit a backhand shot perfectly. But if conditions change — say, their opponent moves — it all falls apart. Humans have no problem adjusting to these kinds of changes. Teaching a robot how to adapt, though, is much more difficult. Gupta and his colleagues have published a paper showing a new way of teaching robots using machine learning. The approach relies on kinematic (运动学上的) intelligence — a robot’s built-in awareness of how its own body can move safely through space. In a video showing their technology, robots with a single arm watch as a human instructor throws a ball into a small container. The robots then pick up the ball and copy the instructor’s behavior, adapting their own position. Robots are then capable of transferring these skills and knowledge to other robots. “It could be a turning point,” says Robert Platt, who studies robotics at Northeastern University. Platt noted that the field of robotics is not in widespread agreement about the path forward — but most agree the problem these researchers are handling is a critical one. However, this technology poses new questions about ethics (伦理标准). Susan Schneider at Florida Atlantic University points out that later versions of this technology could potentially be weaponized against humans. Future development will need rules. “I think really soon we should have regulatory frameworks on who operates a robot and how,” says Gupta. 1．What problem of robots has long troubled robotics scientists? A．The high costs of programming robots. B．The inability to follow complex tasks. C．The slow response to human orders. D．The lack of certain physical flexibility. 2．How did the Swiss team’s robots show their learning ability in the experiment? A．By correcting mistakes made by humans. B．By competing with human instructors. C．By adapting behavior for their position. D．By perfectly replaying human actions. 3．What can be inferred about the future of this robotic technology? A．It will soon replace human workers. B．Its path forward remains smooth. C．Its main risk is technical breakdown. D．It demands rules for its safe application. 4．What is the text mainly about? A．A breakthrough in adaptable robotics. B．The tough challenges of machine learning. C．Various ethical debates around robots. D．A commercial expectation of service robots. 附加题1：结合阅读理解的内容分析情态动词或虚拟语气的用法 原句 情态动词/虚拟语气的使用分析 1 Imagine a robot that could do your laundry, cook your dinner, or stock the dairy section at your local grocery store. 虚拟语气（含蓄虚拟）+could用法： 2 Robots may be able to learn how to hit a backhand shot perfectly. 情态动词may表推测： 3 I think really soon we should have regulatory frameworks on who operates a robot and how. 情态动词should表建议： 4 later versions of this technology could potentially be weaponized against humans. 情态动词could表委婉推测： 2 Cole Stelter arrived at Virginia Tech with a clear plan. Born in South Dakota, he moved to Virginia in 2012 and discovered his passion for biomedical engineering early on. “I’ve always loved Virginia Tech,” Stelter said. “Once I toured the department, I was completely impressed. I haven’t had a single regret.” His journey into engineering began in high school. Through a special program, Stelter became fascinated by bioprinting. “We worked with a bioprinter and even printed materials using algae (藻类),” he recalled. “That was my first chance to see that engineering could directly help human health.” Upon arriving at Virginia Tech, Stelter didn’t wait to dive into practical work. During his freshman year, he sought research opportunities and joined the Kim Lab led by Assistant Professor Oleg Kim. “Once I met the lab and the graduate students, I knew it was where I wanted to be,” Stelter said. In the lab, he focused on researching the effects of saliva (唾液) on blood clotting (凝块) mechanics in oral wound healing. His findings were great, discovering that saliva significantly reduces the time required for clot formation. Stelter’s senior design team is also making progress in medical technology. They are developing a specialized nerve conduit (神经导管) designed to help the repair of peripheral nerve injuries. This device serves as a bridge for damaged nerves, effectively promoting natural regrowth. “Instead of relying on nerve grafts (移植), which often only restore about half of motor and sensory function, our goal is to allow the nerve to reconnect, naturally,” Stelter explained. “That could greatly improve recovery.” After graduating in just three years, Stelter has found his true interest in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. He plans to continue his research at Virginia Tech and in the Kim Lab, eventually working toward a Ph. D．to continue making an impact on human health through his dedicated scientific efforts. 5．What initially inspired Stelter’s passion for biomedical engineering? A．His tour of Virginia Tech’s department. B．A desire to improve environment. C．His personal experience with diseases. D．A high school program with bioprinting. 6．What did Stelter discover about saliva in wound healing? A．It slows down blood clotting. B．It shortens the time of clot formation. C．It replaces the need for grafts. D．It assists natural nerve growth. 7．What is the value of the new device? A．It replaces traditional motor functions. B．It simplifies complex graft processes. C．It improves nerves’natural regrowth. D．It contributes to a complete recovery. 8．Which best describes Stelter’s educational journey? A．Physically demanding. B．Eye-opening. C．Financially rewarding. D．Goal-driven. 附加题2：结合阅读理解的内容分析情态动词或虚拟语气的用法 原句 情态动词/虚拟语气的使用分析 1 That could greatly improve recovery. 情态动词could表潜在能力/预期效果： 2 which often only restore about half of motor and sensory function. 情态动词隐含用法： 3 Once I toured the department, I knew it was where I wanted to be. 宾语从句隐含愿望虚拟： 3 Valentia Island, one of Ireland’s most westerly points, receives around 20,000 visitors annually. Most tourists come to the island to see the picturesque lighthouse. Since Paul O’Neil built the first bee beds on the island in summer 2023, visitors have been drawn to the island for a unique experience. “I’ve created a whole experience around the bee beds,” explains Paul. “You start on a bus where we will give you a natural liquid collected by honey bees, then I will help you into your beekeeping suits.” Each wooden house has two beds, each with five hives (蜂箱) underneath it. “You’re very close to the bees but protected by a fine net. There are also observation hives built into the wall of the house where you can observe all the bees in a way that you can’t even do through traditional beekeeping. You’re then free to just lie down and experience this unique moment,” says Paul. Guests usually stay for about half an hour, breathing in the smell of fanning bees. Many fall fast asleep, supported by advanced red light technology, soft sounds, and nice smells. The hives similarly purify the air, which Paul says are “very beneficial for cleansing your lungs.” Being so close to honey bees is thought to have beneficial health effects. While claims haven’t been proven, bee beds have been used for centuries for sleep disorders, tiredness, and stress. The bee houses close during the winter months when the queen stops laying, but they reopen in the spring when the queen is busy again. Due to the year-round demand, Paul is now looking to winter bee experiences for bee-friendly visitors. Beekeepers, who barely cover their costs these days, can earn a second income from this unusual travel trend. That’s why Paul offers a course that teaches other bee enthusiasts how to set up bee beds. “Bee beds allow normal people to feel the goodness of bees while obviating the risks of being a beekeeper,” says Paul. 9．What was Paul’s motivation for building bee beds? A．To protect wild bees. B．To attract tourists with uniqueness. C．To sell honey on Valentia Island. D．To replace traditional beekeeping. 10．What can guests get during their bee bed experience? A．A course on setting up bee beds. B．A chance to engage in beekeeping. C．Peaceful rest and natural comfort. D．30 minutes of physical exercise and recovery. 11．What is Paul’s plan for the future? A．Moving bee beds outdoors. B．Providing winter bee experiences. C．Improving the living environment of bees. D．Offering a safe environment for observing bees. 12．What does the underlined word “obviating” in the last paragraph mean? A．Posing. B．Assessing. C．Spreading. D．Removing. 附加题3：结合阅读理解的内容分析情态动词或虚拟语气的用法 原句 情态动词/虚拟语气的使用分析 1 you can’t even do through traditional beekeeping. 情态动词can表客观能力（否定形式）： 2 we will give you a natural liquid collected by honey bees. 情态动词will表客观将来安排： 3 While claims haven’t been proven, bee beds have been used for centuries for sleep disorders, tiredness, and stress. 让步状语从句隐含推测情态： 4 Have you ever dreamed of leaving the noisy city behind and setting off on a journey across a vast, totally unexplored land? For many travelers, this kind of exciting adventure is the ultimate escape from the routines of daily life. 13 The journey begins with careful and thorough preparation. First, travelers must choose a suitable and practical route. Some prefer to follow well-marked paths that pass through famous scenic spots. 14 No matter which route they take, packing the right and proper supplies is essential. Water, food, a first-aid kit and durable clothing are among the top priorities. Once on the road, the vast land unfolds its unique beauty and challenges. The landscape changes dramatically from one single day to the next. 15 At night, the sky is filled with countless bright stars, creating a view that city residents rarely get to see. However, travelers also face unexpected difficulties, such as sudden weather changes and long stretches of empty land with no gas stations or restaurants. 16 They learn to read the clear signs of nature, such as the direction of the wind and the behavior of wild animals, to find their way and stay safe. They also develop a deep appreciation for the simple little things in life, like a clear stream to drink from or a warm campfire to gather around. At the end of the journey, travelers return home with more than just simple photos and souvenirs. 17 This journey across a vast land is not just a physical experience but a spiritual one that changes their perspective on life forever. A．Others choose to take unknown roads to find new places. B．They also get a refreshing feeling and a deep love for nature. C．It lets people get close to nature and understand the freedom. D．Good planning can help travelers avoid trouble and enjoy the trip. E．On the way travelers encounter diverse wildlife from deer to eagles. F．People who like challenges can take the trip to test how far they can go. G．Travelers soon know they have to depend on their own skills and ideas. 附加题4：结合阅读理解的内容分析情态动词或虚拟语气的用法 原句 情态动词/虚拟语气的使用分析 1 Have you ever dreamed of leaving the noisy city behind and setting off on a journey across a vast, totally unexplored land? wish/dream类动词引导愿望虚拟语气： 2 travelers must choose a suitable and practical route. 情态动词must表客观必须、强制要求： 3 Good planning can help travelers avoid trouble and enjoy the trip. 情态动词can表客观功用： 。 二、完形填空 At nineteen, Holly set off to study abroad in Nancy, France, her heart full of excitement. Yet within weeks of arrival, that excitement 18 into loneliness. Daily life in a foreign land proved much harder than 19 , especially when it came to speaking French. “I could understand the language somewhat, but I was 20 at speaking it. My accent (口音) was bad. People couldn’t understand me,” she said. The continuous 21 to be understood left her tired and sad. The only thing keeping her going was a 22 package from home. “Mother had sent my favorite food — something I couldn’t find in local shops.” She went to the post office to 23 it, but the clerk couldn’t understand her broken speech no matter how hard she tried. “The more I repeated myself, the more discouraged and 24 I felt. I was about to 25 in tears when a stranger came to my 26 .” A local woman asked, in Holly’s own language, “Can I help you?” And then she spoke to the clerk, and within minutes, the package was in Holly’s hands. But the kindness didn’t 27 there. The woman invited Holly to her house for dinner. “It soon became our weekly habit. It was a safe place where I could 28 my French without fear. I 29 felt like I was at home there.” Decades later, they still keep in touch. “Her act of kindness has 30 my life,” Holly said. “Now I pay more attention to people who need help, offering the same 31 I once received. I will be forever 32 that someone chose to help me when I needed it most.” 18．A．broke B．divided C．gathered D．faded 19．A．expected B．requested C．indicated D．promised 20．A．excellent B．amazing C．terrible D．patient 21．A．option B．struggle C．decision D．reflection 22．A．familiar B．neat C．mysterious D．commercial 23．A．deliver B．collect C．recycle D．approach 24．A．intelligent B．energetic C．disappointed D．fascinated 25．A．calm down B．bring up C．set off D．break down 26．A．rescue B．permission C．defence D．judgement 27．A．start B．continue C．end D．form 28．A．update B．practice C．ignore D．test 29．A．truly B．hardly C．sharply D．occasionally 30．A．determined B．signaled C．impressed D．influenced 31．A．resource B．warmth C．suggestion D．respect 32．A．careful B．regretful C．cheerful D．grateful 三、语法填空 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Since November 5, the Inka Museum in Cuzco, Peru, has held the exhibition “Light of the Sun: A Dialogue Between Ancient Shu and Inca Civilizations”, 33 features numerous cultural treasures. On display are copies and 3D-printed versions of 34 (object) from China’s ancient Shu kingdom, such as giant bronze trees and golden masks, alongside Inca relics (文物). Both cultures share a respect for the sun and a love for gold, 35 (make) the exhibition a powerful vehicle for cultural exchange. This is not the first cross-cultural event. In 2016, to mark 36 45th anniversary of China-Peru diplomatic (外交的) relations, over 100 Chinese exhibits were shown in Lima, with thousands of visitors eager 37 (see) relics like the Terracotta Warriors. In recent years, Chinese museums have also hosted Peruvian relic exhibitions. A 2021 joint show 38 (tour) five Chinese cities. After that, a 2024 exhibition featuring 168 relics from 14 Peruvian museums proved highly popular in Chengdu 39 Shenzhen, attracting over a million visitors in total. The Peruvian President even visited the Shenzhen show. These exchanges can 40 (deep) mutual understanding and help people recognize 41 (share) cultural roots. They highlight the vital role cultural interaction plays 42 bridging distant civilizations and strengthening ties between China and Peru. 四、写作 假定你是李华，你校英文报将举办榜样人物分享会（Role Model Sharing Session）。请你给学生会写一封推荐信，推荐一位你敬佩的人（可以是名人，也可以是身边榜样人物）。 内容包括：(1) 你推荐的人物简介；(2) 推荐理由。 注意：(1) 写作词数应为 80 个左右；(2) 可适当加入细节，使行文连贯。 Dear Student Union, _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Yours   Li Hua ( 1 / 2 )学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $