句子的5种基本结构 讲义-2027届高三英语一轮复习专项

该高中英语高考复习讲义聚焦句子5种基本结构核心考点，按定义阐释、典型例句、区分方法的逻辑架构梳理知识，通过考点系统梳理、专项方法指导（如双宾与宾补的“加be动词法”）、分层练习（单选、结构判断等）环节，帮助学生构建语法知识网络，突破长难句分析与写作表达难点。 资料融合语言能力与思维品质培养，创新“加be动词法”直观区分双宾与宾补，设置汉译英匹配句式、错误分析等实战活动，确保有限时间内夯实语法基础，提升学生句子分析与规范表达能力，为教师精准把控复习节奏提供清晰教学路径。

句子的5种基本结构 1.主语+谓语 主语加不及物的谓语动词构成，常用来表示主语的动作。 2.主语+谓语（实义动词）+宾语 有实际意义的词。 例：Trees don’t grow in the Antarctic. I have kept the dog for 5 years. 3.主语+谓语（系动词）+表语 系动词本身有词义，但不能单独作谓语，后面必须跟表语，说明主语的状态、性质、特征等。系动词如下： · 表示状态：be 动词（连接主语和表语，无实义，用于构成句子） · 表示感官：look, sound, taste, smell, feel（感官动词后只加形容词） · 表示变化：grow, fall, turn, get, become · 表示保持：stand, keep, stay, remain · 表示表象：seem, appear · 表示结果：prove 例：My younger brother is growing tall. The house has kept clean for years. 4.主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语 有些及物动词可以接两个宾语，指人的为间接宾语，指物的为直接宾语。常见的这类动词有give, show, bring, teach, tell, lend, send, buy等。间接宾语通常放在直接宾语之前，如果将间接宾语放在直接宾语之后，则需要在间接宾语前加介词to或for。 ①He teaches us English. ② He gave me some sugar. ③ He bought me a birthday gift. 5.主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语 宾语补足语用来补充说明宾语的情况，使句子的意思更加完整。 ① We should keep the door open.（宾补是形容词 open） ② We named our baby Youyou.（宾补是名词 Youyou） ③ His father told him to make friends carefully.（宾补是动词不定式 to make friends carefully） ④ My father heard the boys playing basketball outside. 如何区别双宾和宾补：在后边两个宾语之间加一个be动词，如果翻译是对的，则为宾补，否则为双宾。 练习---判断句子结构 · I cannot stand the hot weather. stand容忍，忍受 主谓宾 · My husband always leaves the door open at night. 主谓宾宾补 · Dayan will make my English better. 主谓宾宾补 · The novel won the writer a big prize. 主谓双宾 · I found the article easily. 主谓宾 副词只能做状语 · I found the article easy. 主谓宾宾补 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 练习篇 一、单项选择题（10 题） The little girl ______ very sweet. A. taste B. tastes C. tasting D. tasted My grandma ______ me a handmade scarf last winter. A. bought B. kept C. looks D. remains We find the story ______. A. interest B. interesting C. easily D. happily ______ is growing colder as winter comes. A. Weather B. It C. Sky D. Temperature The teacher ______ us how to write essays. A. shows B. keeps C. turns D. stays These flowers ______ fresh all week. A. become B. remain C. fall D. prove They call the cat ______ Mimi. A. name B. named C. names D. / You should keep your room ______ every day. A. clean B. cleaning C. to clean D. cleaned I ______ a lovely cat on my way home. A. saw B. saw running C. see run D. seeing The scientist ______ us his new invention yesterday. A. sent B. got C. grew D. stood 二、判断句子结构（标注：主谓 / 主谓宾 / 主系表 / 主谓双宾 / 主谓宾宾补）（8 题） Birds fly freely in the sky. The cake smells wonderful. She lent me her notebook yesterday. We painted the wall white. I read three novels last weekend. The leaves turn yellow in autumn. My mom made me a bowl of noodles. We watched children flying kites in the park. 三、区分双宾语 & 宾语补足语（4 题，用加 be 动词法判断并标注类型） He told me a funny story. He told me to finish homework early. She gives her sister a toy bear. We think the plan perfect. 四、汉译英（匹配对应五种句式，全新句子）（5 题） 树叶秋天变黄。（主系表） 妈妈给我织了一件毛衣。（主谓双宾） 我们认为这部电影十分精彩。（主谓宾宾补） 小鸟在树上歌唱。（主谓） 我每天阅读英文报纸。（主谓宾） 五、句子改错（划出错误并改正）（3 题） The music sound beautiful to everyone. He buy his daughter a new doll last Sunday. I found the task easily at first. 答案篇 一、单选 1.B 感官系动词，三单 2.A buy sb sth 双宾结构 3.B 形容词作宾补 4.B it 指代天气，主系表 5.A show sb sth 双宾 6.B remain 保持，系动词 7.D call sb sth 名词作宾补 8.A keep sth adj 形容词宾补 9.B see sb doing 现在分词宾补 10.A send sb sth 双宾 二、判断结构 Birds fly freely in the sky. —— 主谓 The cake smells wonderful. —— 主系表 She lent me her notebook yesterday. —— 主谓双宾 We painted the wall white. —— 主谓宾宾补 I read three novels last weekend. —— 主谓宾 The leaves turn yellow in autumn. —— 主系表 My mom made me a bowl of noodles. —— 主谓双宾 We watched children flying kites in the park. —— 主谓宾宾补 三、区分双宾 / 宾补 He told me a funny story. me 和 a story 加 be：I am a story（不通）→主谓双宾 He told me to finish homework early. me is to finish homework（通顺）→主谓宾宾补 She gives her sister a toy bear. sister is toy bear（不通）→主谓双宾 We think the plan perfect. plan is perfect（通顺）→主谓宾宾补 四、汉译英 Leaves turn yellow in autumn. My mother knitted me a sweater. We think the movie wonderful. Birds sing in the tree. I read English newspapers every day. 五、改错 sound → sounds（主语 music 单数，系动词三单） buy → bought（last Sunday 过去式） easily → easy（形容词作宾补，副词不能补充宾语） $