内容正文:
新外研版九上
Unit6课文精讲
2026
1. When plastic was invented around 1870, it was
considered an amazing material. It was light, easy to shape, long-lasting and cheap. It quickly replaced wood and other natural materials.Many people believed plastic would make life better. Back then it was called an "environmental hero"!
1870 年左右塑料发明之际,它被视作一种极具突破性的材料。其质轻、易塑形、经久耐用且价格低廉的特性,使其迅速取代了木材及其他天然材料。当时许多人坚信塑料能改善生活,它也因此被誉为 “环境英雄”!
invent /ɪnˈvent/ 发明;创造
when引导时间状语从句
consider /kənˈsɪdə(r)/ 认为;考虑
amazing /əˈmeɪzɪŋ/ 令人惊叹的;了不起的
easy to shape /ˈiːzi tu ʃeɪp/ 易塑形
light /laɪt/ 轻的;浅色的;光
long-lasting /ˌlɒŋ ˈlɑːstɪŋ/ 经久耐用的;持久的
It was + 形容词 + to do sth. 句型
replace /rɪˈpleɪs/ 取代;替换
back then 那时候;当时
省略that的宾语从句
1.invent /ɪnˈvent/ 发明;创造
词汇变形:invent(动词,发明)→ invented(过去式 / 过去分词)
→ inventing(现在分词)→invention(名词,发明)→ inventor(名词,发明家)
常考短语:invent a new material(发明一种新材料)invent a machine(发明一台机器)
例句:Edison invented the light bulb and changed the world.
(爱迪生发明了电灯泡,改变了世界。)
2.consider /kənˈsɪdə(r)/ 认为;考虑
词汇变形:consider(动词,认为;考虑)→ considered(过去式 / 过去
分词)→ considering(现在分词)→ consideration(名词,考虑)
常考短语:be considered as(被认为是)consider doing sth.(考虑做某事)
例句:She is considered one of the best students in our class.
(她被认为是我们班最优秀的学生之一。)
3.amazing /əˈmeɪzɪŋ/ 令人惊叹的;了不起的
词汇变形:amaze(动词,使惊叹)→ amazing(形容词,令人惊叹的
→ amazed(形容词,感到惊叹的)→ amazement(名词,惊叹)
常考短语:an amazing discovery(一项惊人的发现)amazing performance(精彩的表现)
例句:The view from the mountain top is amazing.(山顶的景色令人惊叹。)
4.When 引导的时间状语从句
结构:When + 一般过去时(被动语态), 主句 + 一般过去时(被动语态)
用法:表示“当…… 的时候”,从句动作和主句动作同时发生或先后发生
例句:When the rain stopped, we went out for a walk.(雨停后,我们出去散步了。)
5.easy to shape /ˈiːzi tu ʃeɪp/ 易塑形
用法:形容词+ to do 结构,表示 “易于做某事”
例句:This kind of clay is easy to shape into different animals.
(这种黏土很容易塑造成不同的动物。)
6.light /laɪt/ 轻的;浅色的;光
词汇变形:light(形容词,轻的;名词,光)→ lighter(比较级)→ lightest(最高级)→ lighten(动词,减轻;变亮)
常考短语:light weight(重量轻),natural light(自然光)
例句:This bag is very light, so I can carry it easily.(这个包很轻,我可以轻松提着它。)
7.long-lasting /ˌlɒŋ ˈlɑːstɪŋ/ 经久耐用的;持久的
词汇变形:long(长的)+ lasting(持续的)→ 合成形容词
常考短语:long-lasting products(耐用产品)long-lasting effect(持久的效果)
例句:This kind of paint is long-lasting and won't fade easily.(这种油漆经久耐用,不易褪色。)
8.It was + 形容词 + to do sth. 句型
结构:It was + 形容词(light/easy/long-lasting/cheap)+ to do sth.
用法:It 作形式主语,真正的主语是后面的不定式短语,表 “做某事是…的”
例句:It was difficult to finish the work in such a short time.
(在这么短的时间内完成这项工作很难。)
9.replace /rɪˈpleɪs/ 取代;替换
词汇变形:replace(动词,取代)→ replaced(过去式 / 过去分词)→ replacing(现在分词)→ replacement(名词,替换物)
常考短语:replace A with B(用 B 取代 A) replace old with new(以旧换新)
例句:We need to replace the broken chair with a new one.
(我们需要用一把新椅子替换这把坏掉的。)
10.back then 那时候;当时
用法:用于描述过去的时间,相当于at that time
例句:Back then, people didn't have mobile phones and communicated by letters.
(那时候,人们没有手机,通过信件交流。)
2. Not surprisingly, plastic has now filled our lives. We can find it in bags, bottles,toothbrushes, gloves, mobile phones, cars, houses... you name it. It is certainly convenient and has thousands of uses. Despite all this,it has slowly and silently shown its dark side.
可想而知,塑料如今已渗透到生活的方方面面。购物袋、瓶子、牙刷、手套、手机、汽车、房屋…… 可谓无处不在。它确实便捷实用,拥有数千种用途,但即便如此,它也悄然暴露了其危害一面。
fill /fɪl/ 填满;充满
convenient /kənˈviːniənt/ 方便的;便捷的
thousands of uses 数千种用途
despite /dɪˈspaɪt/ 尽管;不管
slowly and silently 悄然;慢慢地且无声地
dark side 阴暗面;危害一面
11.fill /fɪl/ 填满;充满
词汇变形:fill(填满)→ filled(过去式 / 过去分词)→ filling(现在分词)→ full(满的)
常考短语:fill one's life(充斥某人的生活),fill with(充满)
例句:The room is filled with the smell of flowers.(房间里充满了花香。)
12.convenient /kənˈviːniənt/ 方便的;便捷的
词汇变形:convenient(形容词,方便的)→ more convenient(比较级)
→ most convenient(最高级)→ convenience(名词,方便)
常考短语:convenient for sb.(对某人来说方便)convenient time(方便的时间)
例句:Online shopping is very convenient for busy people.
(网上购物对忙碌的人来说非常方便。)
13.thousands of uses 数千种用途
用法:thousands of 后接可数名词复数,表示 “成千上万的”,表泛指
例句:Computers have thousands of uses in our daily life.
(电脑在我们的日常生活中有数千种用途。)
14.despite /dɪˈspaɪt/ 尽管;不管
词性:介词(后接名词/ 代词 / 动名词,不接从句)
常考短语:despite all this(尽管如此) despite the rain(尽管下雨)
例句:Despite being tired, she continued to work.(尽管很累,她还是继续工作。)
15.slowly and silently 悄然;慢慢地且无声地
用法:副词并列修饰动词,表示动作的方式
例句:The cat walked slowly and silently towards the mouse.(猫悄无声息地朝着老鼠走去。)
16.dark side 阴暗面;危害一面
常考短语:the dark side of sth.(某物的阴暗面 / 危害一面)
例句:Many people don't know the dark side of fast food.(很多人不知道快餐的危害一面。)
Plastic waste was first seen in the oceans in the 1960s. Since then, it has become a danger to sea animals. Some animals, such as whales, eat it by mistake and die. The former "hero" kills more than 100,000 sea animals every year. By 2050, there could be even more plastic in the sea than fish.
20 世纪 60 年代,海洋中首次发现塑料垃圾,此后便成为海洋动物的致命威胁。鲸鱼等部分动物会误食塑料而死亡,这位昔日 “英雄” 每年导致超 10 万只海洋动物丧命。据预测,到 2050 年,海洋中的塑料总量甚至可能超过鱼类。
plastic waste 塑料垃圾
结构:主语+ be(was/were/has been/can be)+ 过去分词
since then 从那以后;自那时起(用于现在完成时)
danger /ˈdeɪndʒə(r)/ 危险;威胁
by mistake 错误地;误将
former /ˈfɔːmə(r)/ 昔日的;以前的
more than 超过;多于
There could be + 名词 + 地点状语,“可能”,表推测,意为 “某地可能有某物”
17.plastic waste 塑料垃圾
常考短语:reduce plastic waste(减少塑料垃圾)plastic waste pollution(塑料垃圾污染)
例句:We should sort plastic waste to protect the environment.
(我们应该对塑料垃圾进行分类,以保护环境。)
18.被动语态:be + 过去分词
结构:主语+ be(was/were/has been/can be)+ 过去分词
用法:强调动作的承受者,而不是执行者
例句:The letter was sent yesterday and will arrive tomorrow.(这封信是昨天寄的,明天会到。)
19.danger /ˈdeɪndʒə(r)/ 危险;威胁
词汇变形:danger(名词,危险)→ dangerous(形容词,危险的)
→ endanger(动词,危及;危害)
常考短语:a danger to(对…… 的威胁) in danger(处于危险中)
例句:Smoking is a great danger to our health.(吸烟对我们的健康是极大的威胁。)
20.since then 从那以后;自那时起
用法:常用于现在完成时,强调动作从过去持续到现在
例句:He moved to Beijing in 2010 and has lived there since then.
(他2010 年搬到北京,从那以后就一直住在那里。)
21.by mistake 错误地;误将
常考短语:do sth. by mistake(误做某事)eat sth. by mistake(误食某物)
例句:I took her bag by mistake yesterday.(我昨天误拿了她的包。)
22.former /ˈfɔːmə(r)/ 昔日的;以前的
常考短语:the former...(昔日的……;前者)
例句:Her former job was a teacher, but now she is a doctor.
(她以前的工作是老师,现在是医生。)
23.more than 超过;多于
用法:后接数词、名词或形容词,表示数量或程度上的“超过”
例句:More than 200 students joined the English club.(超过200 名学生加入了英语俱乐部。)
24.There could be... 句型
结构:There could be + 名词 + 地点状语
用法:could 表示 “可能”,表推测,意为 “某地可能有某物”
例句:There could be a heavy rain this evening, so take an umbrella.
(今晚可能会有大雨,所以带把伞吧。)
3. Plastic is also causing problems on land. Birds' wings get tied in plastic lines. Bears' heads get stuck in plastic bins. Cows mistake plastic bags for food! Even humans are eating plastic waste! On average, we eat five grams of plastic a week. That's a whole bankcard! Tiny pieces of plastic are found in the air we breathe. They can be carried around by the wind. There is even plastic "snow"at the North and South Poles. On "Planet Plastic", nowhere is free from this man-made material.
塑料在陆地上同样引发诸多难题:鸟类翅膀被塑料绳缠绕、熊的头部卡在塑料垃圾桶中、牛误将塑料袋当作食物吞食!人类更是在无形中摄入塑料垃圾—— 平均每周摄入量达 5 克,相当于一整张银行卡的重量!我们呼吸的空气中存在塑料微粒,它们能随风飘散,南北两极甚至出现了塑料 “雪花”。在这颗 “塑料星球”上,这种人造材料已无孔不入。
get tied 被缠绕;被捆住
get stuck in(被卡在…… 里)
mistake... for... 把…… 误认为…
on average 平均
tiny /ˈtaɪni/ 微小的;极小的
carry around 随身携带;四处携带
free from 摆脱;没有…… 的
man-made 人造的;人工的
nowhere 引导的倒装句
25.get tied 被缠绕;被捆住
词汇变形:tie(动词,捆;系)→ tied(过去式 / 过去分词)→ get tied(被动结构)
常考短语:get tied in(被缠绕在…… 里) tie up(捆起来)
例句:The tree branches got tied in the wires during the storm.
(暴风雨中,树枝被电线缠绕住了。)
26.get stuck 被卡住;被困住
词汇变形:stick(动词,粘;卡住)→ stuck(过去式 / 过去分词)→ get stuck(被动结构)
常考短语:get stuck in(被卡在…… 里)get stuck on(被难住)
例句:My car got stuck in the mud and couldn't move.
(我的车陷在泥里,动弹不得。)
27.mistake... for... 把…… 误认为……
词汇变形:mistake(动词,误解;错误)→ mistook(过去式)→ mistaken(过去分词)
常考短语:mistake A for B(把 A 误认为 B)
例句:I often mistake her for her sister because they look very similar.
(我经常把她误认为她的姐姐,因为她们长得很像。)
28.on average 平均
常考短语:on average(平均来说) average temperature(平均温度)
例句:On average, students spend two hours doing homework every day.
(平均来说,学生每天花两小时做作业。)
29.tiny /ˈtaɪni/ 微小的;极小的
词汇变形:tiny(形容词,微小的)→ tinier(比较级)→ tiniest(最高级)
常考短语:tiny pieces(微小的碎片) tiny animals(微小动物)
例句:There are tiny insects in the grass that we can't see clearly.
(草地上有我们看不清的微小昆虫。)
30.carry around 随身携带;四处携带
常考短语:be carried around by the wind(被风四处飘散)
carry around a book(随身携带一本书)
例句:She always carries around a notebook to write down ideas.
(她总是随身携带一个笔记本,记录想法。)
31.free from 摆脱;没有…… 的
常考短语:be free from(没有……;摆脱……)free from pollution(没有污染)
例句:We hope to live in a world free from war.(我们希望生活在一个没有战争的世界。)
32.man-made 人造的;人工的
词汇变形:man(名词,人)+ made(动词 make 的过去分词)→ 合成形容词
常考短语:man-made material(人造材料) man-made satellite(人造卫星)
例句:Glass is a man-made material that is widely used.(玻璃是一种被广泛使用的人造材料。)
33.nowhere 引导的倒装句
结构:Nowhere + be 动词 + 主语 + free from...
用法:nowhere 为否定副词,置于句首时句子用部分倒装,表 “没有任何地方……”
例句:Nowhere in the world can you find such beautiful scenery.
(世界上没有任何地方能找到如此美丽的景色。)
4. Getting free of plastic waste isn't easy. It may take thousands of years to break down. Therefore, hiding the waste in the ground doesn't solve the problem. Burning it also produces thick smoke that causes air pollution.Plastic is not just causing an environmental problem.It is a matter of life and death for humans and for the future of our planet. Everyone knows that there is no Planet B. Let's go plastic-free!
摆脱塑料垃圾绝非易事:塑料降解可能需要数千年,因此填埋并非根本之策;焚烧则会产生浓烟,加剧空气污染。塑料带来的不仅是环境问题,更是关乎人类生死存亡与地球未来的关键议题。众所周知,地球只有一个,没有备用选项。让我们共同践行“无塑生活”!
get free of 摆脱;除去
现在分词短语做主语,谓单
break down 分解;出故障
It may take + 时间段 + to do sth.“可能”,表推测,“做某事可能需要多长时间”
hide /haɪd/ 隐藏;躲藏
现在分词短语做主语,谓单
现在分词短语做主语,谓单
solve /sɒlv/ 解决;解答
a matter of life and death生死攸关的事
Not just... (but also)... 句型“不仅…(而且…)”,强调递进关系,but also 可省略
that引导宾语从句
go plastic-free 践行无塑生活;不用塑料
34.get free of 摆脱;除去
用法:相当于get rid of,后接名词 / 代词,表示 “摆脱某物”
例句:It's not easy to get free of bad habits.(摆脱坏习惯并不容易。)
35.break down 分解;出故障
词汇变形:break(动词,打破)→ broke(过去式)→ broken(过去分
词);down(副词,向下)
常考短语:break down(分解;机器出故障)break down into(分解成)
例句:Plants break down dead leaves into nutrients for the soil.
(植物将枯叶分解成土壤的养分。)
36.It may take + 时间 + to do sth. 句型
结构:It may take + 时间段 + to do sth.
用法:It 作形式主语,may 表示 “可能”,表推测,意为 “做某事可能需要多长时间”
例句:It may take him two months to finish reading this book.
(他可能需要两个月才能读完这本书。)
37.hide /haɪd/ 隐藏;躲藏
词汇变形:hide(动词,隐藏)→ hid(过去式)→ hidden(过去分词)
常考短语:hide in(藏在…… 里),hide from(躲避……)
例句:The little boy hid behind the door and wanted to surprise his mother.
(小男孩藏在门后,想给妈妈一个惊喜。)
38.solve /sɒlv/ 解决;解答
词汇变形:solve(动词,解决)→ solved(过去式 / 过去分词)→ solving
(现在分词)→ solution(名词,解决方案)
常考短语:solve the problem(解决问题) solve a puzzle(解答谜题)
例句:We need to work together to solve the environmental problems.
(我们需要共同努力解决环境问题。)
39.a matter of life and death生死攸关的事
常考短语:a matter of life and death(生死攸关)
例句:For people in danger, getting help quickly is a matter of life and death.
(对处于危险中的人来说,迅速获得帮助是生死攸关的事。)
40.Not just... (but also)... 句型
结构:主语+ is not just + 名词 /doing sth. (but also + 补充内容)
用法:表示“不仅……(而且……)”,强调递进关系,but also 可省略
例句:He is not just a teacher but also a writer.
(他不仅是一名老师,还是一名作家。)
41.go plastic-free 践行无塑生活;不用塑料
用法:go + 形容词结构,表示 “变得……;践行…… 生活”
例句:More families are choosing to go plastic-free to protect the earth.
(越来越多的家庭选择践行无塑生活,以保护地球。)
知识点精练
一、单选题。
1.Plastic ______ around 1870 and it changed people’s life a lot.
A. invents B. invented C. was invented D. is invented
答案:C
解析:考点为invented的被动语态用法。主语 plastic 与 invent 是 “被发明” 的关系,需用被动语态(be + 过去分词);由时间状语 around 1870 可知用一般过去时,故选 C。A(一般现在时主动)、B(一般过去时主动)、D(一般现在时被动)时态或语态错误。
2.The new material ______ a “environmental hero” because it was cheap and useful.
A. considered as B. was considered as C. thinks of D. is thought of
答案:B
解析:考点为considered的固定搭配be considered as(被认为是)。主语 material 与 consider 是被动关系,结合过去语境用一般过去时被动,故选 B。A 缺少 be 动词,C(主动形式,时态不符)、D(一般现在时被动,时态错误)。
3.We looked at the amazing view in ______—it was beyond our imagination.
A. amaze B. amazing C. amazed D. amazement
答案:D
解析:考点为amazement(名词)的用法。介词 in 后需接名词,in amazement(惊讶地)是固定搭配。A(动词)、B(形容词,修饰物)、C(形容词,修饰人)均不符合词性要求。
4.______ plastic was first used, people didn’t know its dark side.
A. When B. While C. If D. Because
答案:A
解析:考点为When引导的时间状语从句。句意 “当塑料首次被使用时,人们不知道它的危害面”,When 可接短暂性动词(used),故选 A。B(while 接延续性动词)、C(表条件)、D(表原因)逻辑不符。
5.This kind of plastic is ______ and can be used for many years.
A. long-last B. long-lasting C. last-long D. lasting-long
答案:B
解析:考点为long-lasting(合成形容词,经久耐用的)。合成形容词结构为 “形容词 + 现在分词”,故选 B。A、C、D 均为错误的合成形式。
6.It was ______ to shape plastic into different things, so it became popular quickly.
A. easy B. easily C. difficulty D. hard
答案:A
解析:考点为It was + 形容词 + to do sth. 句型。It 作形式主语,空格处需用形容词,结合语境 “易塑形” 选 A。B(副词)、C(名词)词性错误,D(困难的)语义相反。
7.Plastic ______ wood in many fields because it was cheaper.
A. replaced with B. took place C. replaced D. instead of
答案:C
解析:考点为replaced(动词,取代)的用法。replace 是及物动词,后直接接宾语(wood),故选 C。A 多了 with(正确搭配为 replace A with B),B(take place 表 “发生”,需加 of 才表取代)、D(介词短语,不能作谓语)。
8.______, people thought plastic was a great invention, but now they know its harm.
A. Back then B. Right now C. From now on D. In the future
答案:A
解析:考点为back then(那时候,表过去)。结合后半句 “now” 的对比,选 A。B(现在)、C(从现在起)、D(未来)均表现在或将来,语义不符。
9.Our daily life ______ plastic products—we can see them everywhere.
A. is filled with B. fills with C. is full with D. fill of
答案:A
解析:考点为is filled with(固定短语,充满)。被动结构表 “被充满”,故选 A。B(主动形式,主语 life 与 fill 是被动关系)、C(full 搭配 of,应为 is full of)、D(语法错误,应为 is full of 或 is filled with)。
10.Online shopping is ______ for us because we don’t need to go out.
A. convenient B. comfortable C. careful D. creative
答案:A
解析:考点为convenient(形容词,方便的)。结合语境 “不用出门” 选 A。B(舒适的)、C(小心的)、D(有创造力的)语义不符。
11.______ the convenience of plastic, it causes serious environmental problems.
A. Though B. Despite C. Because D. Since
答案:B
解析:考点为despite(介词,尽管,后接名词 / 短语)。空格后是名词短语 “the convenience”,故选 B。A(连词,后接从句)、C(因为)、D(自从 / 既然)逻辑或词性不符。
12.Many people didn’t know the ______ of plastic until they saw the polluted oceans.
A. dark side B. good side C. bright side D. happy side
答案:A
解析:考点为dark side(短语,阴暗面 / 危害面)。结合语境 “塑料污染海洋” 选 A。B(好的一面)、C(光明的一面)、D(快乐的一面)语义相反。
13.We should try our best to reduce ______ to protect sea animals.
A. plastic waste B. plastic food C. paper waste D. wood waste
答案:A
解析:考点为plastic waste(短语,塑料垃圾)。结合原文 “塑料垃圾危害海洋动物” 选 A。B(塑料食物,无此搭配)、C(纸垃圾)、D(木材垃圾)与语境不符。
14.It’s ______ to swim in the sea with plastic waste—we may get hurt.
A. danger B. dangerous C. safely D. safe
答案:B
解析:考点为dangerous(形容词,危险的,danger 的变形)。空格处需用形容词作表语,结合语境 “有塑料垃圾的海游泳危险” 选 B。A(名词)、C(副词)词性错误,D(安全的)语义相反。
15.Plastic waste was first found in the oceans in the 1960s, and ______, it has become a big threat to
sea life.
A. since then B. from then on C. just now D. at once
答案:A
解析:考点为since then(从那以后,与现在完成时连用)。空格后是现在完成时 “has become”,故选 A。B(从那以后,多与一般过去时连用)、C(刚才,一般过去时)、D(立刻,一般现在时 / 将来时)时态不符。
16.The whale ate the plastic bag ______—it thought it was food.
A. by accident B. by mistake C. on purpose D. in fact
答案:B
解析:考点为by mistake(短语,错误地 / 误食)。结合原文 “鲸鱼误食塑料” 选 B。A(偶然,侧重意外发生)、C(故意地)、D(事实上)语义不符。
17.More than 100,000 sea animals die from plastic pollution ______ year.
A. a B. an C. the D. /
答案:A
解析:考点为more than(短语,超过)与冠词搭配。“every year” 可简化为 “a year”,故选 A。B(后接元音音素开头的词)、C(特指某一年,语义不符)、D(缺少冠词,语法错误)。
18.Some birds’ wings ______ plastic lines and they can’t fly anymore.
A. get tied in B. tie in C. get tied with D. tie with
答案:A
解析:考点为get tied 被缠绕的固定搭配get tied in。主语 wings 与 tie 是被动关系,用 get + 过去分词,且固定搭配为 in plastic lines,故选 A。B、D(主动形式)、C(介词 with 错误)。
19.The little bear ______ in the plastic bin and couldn’t get out.
A. get stuck B. got stuck C. stuck D. is stuck
答案:B
解析:考点为get stuck 被卡住的时态。结合后半句 “couldn’t”(一般过去时),前半句也用一般过去时,故选 B。A(一般现在时,主谓不一致)、C(缺少 get,主动形式)、D(一般现在时被动,时态不符)。
20.Some cows ______ plastic bags ______ grass and eat them by mistake.
A. mistake; as B. mistake; for C. take; as D. think; for
答案:B
解析:考点为mistake... for... 把……误认为的固定搭配。故选 B。A(介词 as 错误)、C(take as 表 “当作”,无 “误认” 含义)、D(think for 表 “为…… 考虑”,搭配错误)。
二、用所给词的适当形式填空。
1.The scientist ______(invent)plastic around 1870, and it changed people’s life a lot.
答案:invented
解析:考点为invent的过去式变形。根据时间状语 around 1870(过去时间),句子用一般过去时;主语 scientist(科学家)与 invent 是主动关系,invent 的过去式为规则变化invented,故填 invented。
2.People ______(consider)plastic a great invention back then because it was light and cheap.
答案:considered
解析:考点为consider的过去式变形。结合时间状语 back then(那时候,表过去),句子用一般过去时;consider 的过去式为规则变化considered,固定搭配 “consider sth. sth.(认为某物是某物)” 符合语境,故填 considered。
3.We were ______(amaze)when we knew that we eat 5 grams of plastic a week on average.
答案:amazed
解析:考点为amaze的形容词用法辨析。amazed 修饰 “人”,表 “感到惊讶的”;amazing 修饰 “物”,表 “令人惊讶的”。本句主语是 we(人),故填 amazed。
4.Plastic ______(replace)wood in many fields in the 20th century because it was easier to shape.
答案:replaced
解析:考点为replace的过去式变形。根据时间状语 in the 20th century(过去时间),句子用一般过去时;replace 的过去式为规则变化replaced,后直接接宾语 wood(木材),符合 “塑料取代木材” 的语境,故填 replaced。
5.Our classrooms are ______(fill)with plastic products, such as plastic desks and water bottles.
答案:filled
解析:考点为fill的过去分词变形。固定短语 “be filled with(充满)”,主语 classrooms(教室)与 fill 是被动关系(被塑料产品充满),fill 的过去分词为filled,故填 filled。
6.It’s ______(danger)to let small children play with plastic bags—they may get hurt.
答案:dangerous
解析:考点为danger的形容词变形。句型 “It’s + 形容词 + to do sth.(做某事是…… 的)” 要求空格填形容词;danger(名词,危险)的形容词形式为dangerous(危险的),符合语境,故填 dangerous。
7.The ______(former)"environmental hero" (plastic) is now causing serious pollution to the earth.
答案:former
解析:考点为former的形容词用法。former 是形容词,意为 “昔日的;以前的”,直接修饰名词短语 "environmental hero"(环境英雄),贴合 “塑料过去是英雄,现在是污染物” 的语境,故填 former。
8.The little dog’s paw was ______(stick)in the plastic bottle, and its owner helped it get out.
答案:stuck
解析:考点为stick的过去分词变形。固定搭配 “be stuck(被卡住)”,stick 是不规则动词,过去分词为stuck;主语 paw(爪子)与 stick 是被动关系,故填 stuck。
9.Many years ago, people ______(hide)plastic waste in the ground, but it didn’t solve the problem.
答案:hid
解析:考点为hide的过去式变形。根据时间状语 Many years ago(过去时间),句子用一般过去时;hide 是不规则动词,过去式为hid(原形 hide→过去式 hid→过去分词 hidden),故填 hid。
10.To protect the environment, we need to find a practical ______(solve)to the plastic pollution
problem.
答案:solution
解析:考点为solve的名词变形。空格前有不定冠词 a,需填可数名词单数;solve(动词,解决)的名词形式为solution(解决方案),固定搭配 “a solution to sth.(某事的解决方案)”,故填 solution。
三、汉译英。
1.这位科学家花了五年时间发明一台机器。(invent a machine(发明一台机器)
答案:The scientist spent five years inventing a machine.
解析:考点为invent a machine(发明一台机器)。关键固定搭配:spend time (in) doing sth.(花费时间做某事),in 可省略,故 invent 需用动名词形式 inventing;句子时态为一般过去时(spent),贴合 “花了五年” 的过去语境,修正原答案中 to invent 的错误(spend 后不可接不定式)。
2.我的父母正在考虑周末去参加垃圾分类讲座。(consider doing sth.考虑做某事)
答案:My parents are considering attending a garbage classification lecture this weekend.
解析:考点为consider doing sth.(考虑做某事)。核心规则:consider 后必须接动名词(attending),不能接不定式;句子用现在进行时(are considering),符合 “正在考虑” 的语境,garbage classification lecture 为 “垃圾分类讲座” 的准确表达。
3.科学家们在南极发现了塑料微粒,这是一项惊人的发现。(an amazing discovery一项惊人的发现)
答案:Scientists found microplastics in Antarctica, which is an amazing discovery.
解析:考点为an amazing discovery(一项惊人的发现)。用法辨析:amazing 修饰物(discovery)表 “令人惊讶的”,amazed 修饰人表 “感到惊讶的”;定语从句 which 指代前文 “发现塑料微粒” 的事件,语法逻辑连贯,microplastics 为 “塑料微粒” 的标准表达。
4.当我看到海洋动物被塑料伤害的图片时,我非常难过。(When 引导的时间状语从句)
答案:When I saw the pictures of sea animals hurt by plastic, I felt very sad.
解析:考点为When 引导的时间状语从句。时态规则:从句和主句均用一般过去时(saw/felt),保持时态一致;“被塑料伤害” 用过去分词短语(hurt by plastic)作后置定语,比定语从句更简洁,符合初中生表达习惯。
5.对我们来说,减少塑料使用是很有必要的。(It was + 形容词 + to do sth. 句型)
答案:It is necessary for us to reduce plastic use.
解析:考点为It was + 形容词 + to do sth. 句型。句型结构:It 作形式主语,真正主语是不定式短语(to reduce plastic use);因 “减少塑料使用” 是客观必要的事实,用一般现在时(is)更合适,修正原答案中 was 的时态误差,for us 明确动作执行者。
6.许多餐厅现在用纸质吸管取代塑料吸管。(replace A with B用 B 取代 A)
答案:Many restaurants now replace plastic straws with paper ones.
解析:考点为replace A with B(用 B 取代 A)。搭配规则:A 为被取代物(plastic straws),B 为替代物(paper ones);ones 指代 straws,避免重复,句子用一般现在时(replace)表当前普遍事实,符合 “现在” 的时间语境。
7.那时候,人们还不知道塑料会污染环境。(back then那时候;当时)
答案:Back then, people didn’t know that plastic would pollute the environment.
解析:考点为back then(那时候;当时)。时态搭配:back then 后接一般过去时(didn’t know),宾语从句用 would(will 的过去式)表 “过去看来将要发生的影响”,语法严谨,pollute the environment 为 “污染环境” 的固定表达。
8.各种各样的塑料产品已经充斥了我们的生活。(fill one's life(充斥某人的生活)
答案:All kinds of plastic products have filled our lives.
解析:考点为fill one's life(充斥某人的生活)。时态用法:现在完成时(have filled)强调 “从过去持续到现在” 的状态;our lives 用复数,因 “生活” 侧重具体生活场景,更符合 “各种塑料产品充斥生活方方面面” 的语境,修正原答案中 our life 的单复数误差。
9.这个废弃的工厂里装满了塑料垃圾。(be filled with)
答案:This abandoned factory is filled with plastic waste.
解析:考点为be filled with(充满)。被动结构:主语 factory 与 fill 是被动关系,用 is filled with 表 “被充满”;abandoned(废弃的)准确修饰 factory,plastic waste(塑料垃圾)为核心短语,贴合主题,语法无误差。
10.我们应该学会正确处理塑料垃圾。(plastic waste(塑料垃圾)
答案:We should learn to deal with plastic waste correctly.
解析:考点为plastic waste(塑料垃圾)。固定搭配:learn to do sth.(学会做某事),deal with(处理)为常用短语;correctly(正确地)修饰动词短语 deal with,置于句末符合副词用法规则,语义通顺。
11.由于塑料污染,许多鱼类正处于危险中。(in danger处于危险中)
答案:Many fish are in danger because of plastic pollution.
解析:考点为in danger(处于危险中)。主谓一致:fish 此处为复数(单复数同形),be 动词用 are;原因表达:because of 后接名词短语(plastic pollution),若用 because 需接从句(plastic pollution is serious),此处更简洁,符合题目要求。
12.那只鲸鱼误将塑料袋当成了食物。(by mistake(错误地;误将))
答案:That whale ate the plastic bag by mistake.
解析:考点为by mistake(错误地;误将)。用法规则:短语作状语,置于句末;句子用一般过去时(ate),贴合 “鲸鱼误食” 的过去事件,与原文语境一致,plastic bag 为 “塑料袋” 的准确表达。
13.每年有超过一百万只海鸟死于塑料污染。(more than(超过;多于))
答案:More than one million seabirds die from plastic pollution every year.
解析:考点为more than(超过;多于)。数量表达:more than 后接数词(one million),表 “超过一百万”;时态用法:一般现在时(die)强调 “每年发生的常态”,die from(因…… 而死)用于外部原因(污染),die of 用于内部原因(疾病),搭配准确。
14.一只小鸟的翅膀被塑料绳缠绕住了,无法飞行。(get tied(被缠绕))
答案:A little bird’s wing got tied in the plastic string and couldn’t fly.
解析:考点为get tied(被缠绕)。固定搭配:get tied in(被缠绕在…… 里),get + 过去分词表被动;时态一致:用一般过去时(got tied/couldn’t fly),and 连接并列谓语,逻辑连贯,plastic string 为 “塑料绳” 的准确表达。
15.这只小松鼠的爪子被塑料瓶卡住了,需要帮助。(get stuck(被卡住))
答案:The little squirrel’s paw got stuck in the plastic bottle and needed help.
解析:考点为get stuck(被卡住)。固定搭配:get stuck in(被卡在…… 里),stick 的过去分词为 stuck(不规则变化);词汇准确:paw(爪子)、plastic bottle(塑料瓶)符合主题,一般过去时贴合 “过去发生的困境”。
16.我们平均每天使用三个一次性塑料袋。(on average(平均))
答案:On average, we use three disposable plastic bags every day.
解析:考点为on average(平均)。用法规则:短语置于句首作状语,首字母大写;词汇搭配:disposable(一次性的)修饰 plastic bags,符合 “一次性塑料袋” 的表达,一般现在时(use)表日常常态,语义准确。
17.她总是随身携带一个可重复使用的布袋,拒绝使用塑料袋。(carry around(随身携带))
答案:She always carries around a reusable cloth bag and refuses to use plastic bags.
解析:考点为carry around(随身携带)。主谓一致:主语 she 为第三人称单数,谓语动词 carries/refuses 需变三单;词汇准确:reusable(可重复使用的)、cloth bag(布袋)贴合环保主题,refuse to do sth.(拒绝做某事)为固定搭配。
18.我们希望未来的世界能摆脱塑料污染。(free from(摆脱))
答案:We hope the world in the future will be free from plastic pollution.
解析:考点为free from(摆脱)。用法规则:be free from 后接名词短语(plastic pollution),表 “没有……;摆脱……”;时态逻辑:宾语从句用一般将来时(will be),符合 “未来” 的时间语境,in the future(未来)作后置定语修饰 world。
19.人类需要共同努力才能摆脱塑料垃圾的困扰。(get free of(摆脱;除去))
答案:Humans need to work together to get free of the trouble of plastic waste.
解析:考点为get free of(摆脱;除去)。目的表达:不定式 to get free of 表 “共同努力” 的目的;短语辨析:get free of 比 free from 更侧重 “主动除去困扰”,the trouble of(…… 的困扰)使语义更完整,work together(共同努力)符合语境。
20.塑料在自然环境中需要数百年才能分解。(break down(分解;出故障))
答案:Plastic takes hundreds of years to break down in the natural environment.
解析:考点为break down(分解)。固定搭配:take time to do sth.(做某事需要多长时间),break down 此处表 “(物质)分解”,而非 “机器出故障”;数量表达:hundreds of(数百)表不确定数量,natural environment(自然环境)贴合主题,一般现在时表客观事实。
Reading for writing
1.The storm had passed and the sky was a beautiful blue.
While the villagers were discussing what to do, they
found a hole in the ground. It looked dark and deep.
暴风雨已经过去,天空呈现出一片纯净的湛蓝。当村民们正在讨论该如何应对时,
他们在地上发现了一个洞。洞口漆黑幽深,望不见底。
《喂—— 出来》
storm /stɔːm/ 暴风雨;突袭
pass /pɑːs/ 过去;通过;传递
while引导时间状语从句
villager /ˈvɪlɪdʒə(r)/ 村民
discuss /dɪˈskʌs/ 讨论;商议
hole in the ground 地上的洞
dark and deep 漆黑幽深
词汇变形:dark(形容词,黑暗的;名词,黑暗)→ darker(比较级)→ darkest
(最高级)deep(形容词 / 副词,深的;深深地)→ deeper(比较级)→ deepest(最高级)→depth(名词,深度)
常考短语:dark and deep(漆黑幽深)a deep and dark cave(漆黑幽深的洞穴)
例句:The old well is dark and deep, and no one dares to look inside.
(这口老井漆黑幽深,没人敢往里面看。)
1.storm /stɔːm/ 暴风雨;突袭
词汇变形:storm(名词,暴风雨;动词,突袭)→ storms(复数 / 第三
人称单数)→ stormed(过去式 / 过去分词)→stormy(形容词,暴风雨的)
常考短语:a heavy storm(强暴风雨)storm into the room(怒气冲冲地闯进房间)
例句:The storm destroyed many houses in the small village.
(暴风雨摧毁了这个小村庄的许多房屋。)
2.pass /pɑːs/ 过去;通过;传递
词汇变形:pass(动词,过去;通过;传递)→ passed(过去式 / 过去分
词)→ passing(现在分词)→passage(名词,通道;段落)
常考短语:pass by(经过)pass the exam(通过考试)pass on(传递)
例句:As time passed, the memory of that day gradually faded.
(随着时间的流逝,那一天的记忆渐渐淡去。)
3.pure blue 纯净的蓝色
词汇变形:pure(形容词,纯净的;纯粹的)→ purer(比较级)→ purest
(最高级)→purity(名词,纯净度)
常考短语:pure blue sky(纯净的蓝天)pure water(纯净水)
例句:The lake reflects the pure blue of the sky on a sunny day.
(晴天时,湖面倒映着纯净的蓝天。)
4.villager /ˈvɪlɪdʒə(r)/ 村民
词汇变形:village(名词,村庄)→ villager(名词,村民)→ villagers(复数)
常考短语:local villagers(当地村民)villagers' life(村民的生活)
例句:The villagers helped each other through the difficult winter.
(村民们互相帮助,度过了艰难的冬天。)
5.discuss /dɪˈskʌs/ 讨论;商议
词汇变形:discuss(动词,讨论;商议)→ discussed(过去式 / 过去分
词)→ discussing(现在分词)→discussion(名词,讨论)
常考短语:discuss what to do(讨论该做什么)discuss sth. with sb.(与某人讨论某事)
例句:We need to discuss the plan carefully before making a decision.
(做决定前,我们需要仔细讨论这个计划。)
6.hole in the ground 地上的洞
词汇变形:hole(名词,洞;孔)→ holes(复数)ground(名词,地面;土地)
常考短语:a deep hole in the ground(地上的一个深洞)dig a hole(挖洞)
例句:The children found a small hole in the ground and wondered what was inside.
(孩子们在地上发现了一个小洞,好奇里面有什么。)
2 "Maybe it's a fox's hole," a woman said. A young man shouted loudly into the hole, "Hey! Come on out!" However, no fox appeared. The young man picked up a stone and threw it into the hole. He couldn't hear it land.
“说不定是狐狸洞呢,” 一位妇人说道。一个年轻人对着洞口大声喊道:“喂!出来吧!” 然而,并没有狐狸出现。年轻人捡起一块石头扔进洞里,却听不到石头落地的声响。
shout loudly大声呼喊
pick up 捡起;接;偶然学会
throw into 扔进;投入
词汇变形:throw(动词,扔;投掷)→ threw(过去式)→ thrown(过去分词)
常考短语:throw sth. into(把某物扔进……)throw away(扔掉)
例句:The boy threw a ball into the river and watched it float away.
(男孩把球扔进河里,看着它漂走了。)
8.shout loudly大声呼喊
词汇变形:shout(动词 / 名词,呼喊;大叫)→ shouted(过去式 / 过
去分词)→ shouting(现在分词)loud(形容词,大声的)→ loudly(副词,大声地)
常考短语:shout loudly into(对着…… 大声喊)shout at sb.(对某人大喊大叫)
例句:He shouted loudly to warn the children of the danger.
(他大声呼喊,警告孩子们有危险。)
9.pick up 捡起;接;偶然学会
词汇变形:pick(动词,捡起;采摘)→ picked(过去式 / 过去分词)
常考短语:pick up a stone(捡起一块石头)pick up sb.(接某人)
pick up a language(偶然学会一门语言)
例句:She picked up a book from the floor and put it on the desk.
(她从地上捡起一本书,放在了桌子上。)
3.The next day, the village became busy and noisy with activity.Reporters and scientists
came from the city. One reporter tried to find out the hole's depth by lowering a weight into it. The rope wasn't long enough. A scientist played loud noises into the hole and listened for them coming back. They didn't. "Fill in the hole,"she simply suggested.
第二天,村子里变得热闹非凡、人声鼎沸。记者和科学家们从城里赶来。一位记者试图通过垂下重物来测
量洞的深度,可绳子根本不够长。一位科学家向洞里播放了大的噪音,想听听回声,却一无所获。“把洞
填上吧,” 她简洁地提议道。
busy and noisy繁忙喧闹的
reporter /rɪˈpɔːtə(r)/ 记者
scientist /ˈsaɪəntɪst/ 科学家
find out 查明;发现
lower /ˈləʊə(r)/ 降下;降低;较低的
weight /weɪt/ 重量;重物
listen for 倾听;等待…… 的声音
词汇变形:listen(动词,听)→ listened(过去式 / 过去分词)
常考短语:listen for the echo(听回声)listen for a reply(等待回复)
例句:She sat quietly, listening for the sound of her baby's cry.
(她静静地坐着,听着宝宝的哭声。)
11.busy and noisy繁忙喧闹的
词汇变形:busy(形容词,忙碌的)→ busier(比较级)→ busiest(最
高级)noise(名词,噪音)→ noisy(形容词,吵闹的)→ noisier(比较级)→ noisiest(最高级)
常考短语:busy and noisy with activity(热闹非凡、人声鼎沸)
a busy and noisy street(繁忙喧闹的街道)
例句:The market is busy and noisy early in the morning.
(一大早,市场就热闹非凡、人声鼎沸。)
12.reporter /rɪˈpɔːtə(r)/ 记者
词汇变形:report(动词 / 名词,报道;报告)→ reporter(名词,记者)→ reporters(复数)→ reportedly(副词,据报道)
常考短语:a city reporter(城市记者)news reporter(新闻记者)
例句:Reporters rushed to the scene to cover the important event.
(记者们赶往现场报道这一重要事件。)
13.scientist /ˈsaɪəntɪst/ 科学家
词汇变形:science(名词,科学)→ scientific(形容词,科学的)→ scientist
(名词,科学家)→ scientists(复数)
常考短语:a famous scientist(著名科学家)environmental scientist(环境科学家)
例句:The scientist spent years researching a new energy source.
(这位科学家花了数年时间研究一种新能源。)
14.find out 查明;发现
词汇变形:find(动词,找到;发现)→ found(过去式 / 过去分词)
常考短语:find out the depth(查明深度)find out the truth(查明真相)
例句:We need to find out who broke the window.
(我们需要查明是谁打破了窗户。)
15.lower /ˈləʊə(r)/ 降下;降低;较低的
词汇变形:lower(动词,降下;降低;形容词,较低的)→ lowered(过
去式/ 过去分词)→ lowering(现在分词)→low(形容词 / 副词,低的;低地)
常考短语:lower a weight(垂下重物)lower the price(降价)
例句:He lowered the bucket into the well to get water.(他把水桶垂下井去打水。)
16.weight /weɪt/ 重量;重物
词汇变形:weigh(动词,称重)→ weight(名词,重量;重物)→ weights
(复数)→weighty(形容词,沉重的;重要的)
常考短语:a heavy weight(重物)lose weight(减肥)put on weight(增重)
例句:The weight of the box is too heavy for me to carry.
(这个箱子太重了,我搬不动。)
4 "Let me have that hole. I'll fill it in for you," offered a businessman.
5. The businessman started a hole-filling company. Trucks full of industrial waste came from far and wide. At first, this worried the villagers, but the waste all disappeared down the hole. The company grew and the village built a road leading to the hole.Next, people threw dead animals and litter in the hole. No matter what dirty things people threw, the hole took them all.
“让我来处理这个洞吧,我会帮你们把它填上,” 一位商人主动说道。这位商人成立了一家填洞公司。装满工业废料的卡车从四面八方驶来。起初,村民们对此忧心忡忡,但所有废料都消失在了洞里。公司规模不断扩大,村子里还修了一条通往洞口的路。后来,人们开始把死动物和垃圾也扔进洞里。无论人们扔进去什么肮脏的东西,这个洞都照单全收。
fill in 填满;填写
offer /ˈɒfə(r)/ 主动提出;提供;提议;报价
start a company 创办公司
industrial waste 工业废料
far and wide 四面八方;到处
worry /ˈwʌri/ 担心;担忧
disappear /ˌdɪsəˈpɪə(r)/ 消失
grow /ɡrəʊ/ 发展;生长;变得
lead to 通向;导致
dead animal 死动物
litter /ˈlɪtə(r)/ 垃圾;乱扔垃圾
no matter what 无论什么
dirty things 肮脏的东西
take them all 照单全收;全部拿走
18.fill in 填满;填写
词汇变形:fill(动词,填满;充满)→ filled(过去式 / 过去分词)
常考短语:fill in the hole(填洞)fill in a form(填写表格)
例句:They used sand to fill in the hole in the road.(他们用沙子填补了路上的坑洞。)
19.offer /ˈɒfə(r)/ 主动提出;提供;提议;报价
词汇变形:offer(动词,主动提出;提供;名词,提议;报价)→ offered
(过去式/ 过去分词)→ offering(现在分词)
常考短语:offer to do sth.(主动提出做某事)offer help(提供帮助)
accept an offer(接受提议)
例句:He offered to drive us to the station.(他主动提出开车送我们去车站。)
20.start a company 创办公司
词汇变形:start(动词,创办;开始)→ started(过去式 / 过去分词)
company(名词,公司)→ companies(复数)
常考短语:start a hole-filling company(成立填洞公司)start a new business(创办新企业)
例句:He quit his job to start his own company.(他辞职创办了自己的公司。)
21.industrial waste 工业废料
词汇变形:industry(名词,工业)→ industrial(形容词,工业的)
waste(名词,废料;垃圾)→ wastes(复数)
常考短语:industrial waste(工业废料)industrial pollution(工业污染)
例句:Factories must treat industrial waste before discharging it.
(工厂必须处理工业废料后才能排放。)
22.far and wide 四面八方;到处
词汇变形:far(形容词 / 副词,远的;遥远地)→ farther/further(比较级)→ farthest/furthest(最高级)
常考短语:come from far and wide(从四面八方赶来)search far and wide(到处寻找)
例句:People came from far and wide to attend the festival.
(人们从四面八方赶来参加这个节日。)
23.worry /ˈwʌri/ 担心;担忧
词汇变形:worry(动词 / 名词,担心;担忧)→ worried(过去式 / 过
去分词;形容词,担忧的)→ worrying(现在分词;形容词,令人担忧的)
常考短语:feel worried(感到忧心忡忡)worry about sth.(担心某事)
例句:She is worried about her son's safety.(她担心儿子的安全。)
24.disappear /ˌdɪsəˈpɪə(r)/ 消失
词汇变形:appear(动词,出现)→ disappear(动词,消失)→ disappeared
(过去式/ 过去分词)→disappearance(名词,消失)
常考短语:disappear down the hole(消失在洞里)
disappear without a trace(消失得无影无踪)
例句:The sun disappeared behind the clouds.(太阳消失在云层后面。)
25.grow /ɡrəʊ/ 发展;生长;变得
词汇变形:grow(动词,发展;生长;变得)→ grew(过去式)→ grown
过去分词)→ growth(名词,成长;发展)
常考短语:the company grew(公司规模扩大)grow quickly(快速发展) grow up(长大)
例句:The small shop grew into a large supermarket in ten years.
(这家小商店十年间发展成了大型超市。)
26.lead to 通向;导致
词汇变形:lead(动词,通向;带领)→ led(过去式 / 过去分词)
常考短语:a road leading to(一条通往…… 的路)
lead to success(通向成功)lead to trouble(导致麻烦)
例句:This path leads to the mountain top.(这条小路通向山顶。)
27.dead animal 死动物
词汇变形:die(动词,死亡)→ dead(形容词,死亡的)→ death(名词,死亡)animal(名词,动物)→ animals(复数)
常考短语:throw dead animals(扔死动物)a dead bird(一只死鸟)
例句:The farmer buried the dead animal to prevent disease.
(农夫把死动物埋了,以防疾病传播。)
28.litter /ˈlɪtə(r)/ 垃圾;乱扔垃圾
词汇变形:litter(名词,垃圾;动词,乱扔垃圾)→ litters(复数 / 第三
人称单数)→ littered(过去式 / 过去分词)
常考短语:throw litter(扔垃圾)no littering(禁止乱扔垃圾)
例句:Please don't throw litter on the ground.(请不要在地上乱扔垃圾。)
29.no matter what 无论什么
常考短语:no matter what(无论什么)no matter where(无论哪里)
no matter how(无论怎样)
例句:No matter what happens, I will stand by you.(无论发生什么,我都会支持你。)
31.take them all 照单全收;全部拿走
词汇变形:take(动词,接受;拿)→ took(过去式)→ taken(过去分词)all(代词,全部;所有)
常考短语:take them all(照单全收)take all the gifts(收下所有礼物)
例句:The kind old man took all the stray cats and dogs home.
(这位善良的老人把所有流浪猫狗都带回了家。)
30.dirty things 肮脏的东西
词汇变形:dirty(形容词,肮脏的)→ dirtier(比较级)→ dirtiest(最
高级)→dirt(名词,灰尘;污垢)thing(名词,东西)→ things(复数)
常考短语:dirty things(肮脏的东西)get dirty(变脏)
例句:She spent hours cleaning the dirty things in the basement.
(她花了几个小时清理地下室里的脏东西。)
6. The hole gave peace of mind to everyone. No one thought about the results of their actions. The hole cleaned the city, and the sea and sky became as clear as glass. Everyone became proud of their city.Businesses created tall new buildings, throwing any waste into the hole. One day, a worker was on top of a building. Suddenly, he heard a strange cry from the clear blue sky:
这个洞让所有人都放下了心来,没人会去思考自己行为的后果。洞清理了城市的垃圾,大海和天空变得清
澈如镜。每个人都为自己的城市感到骄傲。企业建起了一座座高楼大厦,把所有废料都扔进洞里。有一天,
一名工人正在一栋大楼的楼顶作业。突然,他从澄澈的蓝天上听到了一声奇怪的呼喊:
peace of mind 内心平静;安心
the results of...结果
as clear as glass 清澈如镜
be/become proud of 为…… 感到骄傲;自豪
create /kriˈeɪt/ 建造;创造
on top of 在…… 顶端;在…… 上面
strange cry 奇怪的呼喊声
词汇变形:top(名词,顶端;形容词,顶端的)→ tops(复数)
常考短语:on top of a building(在大楼楼顶)
on top of the mountain(在山顶)
例句:We had a wonderful view of the city on top of the tower.
(在塔顶,我们看到了城市的美丽景色。)
32.peace of mind 内心平静;安心
词汇变形:peace(名词,平静;和平)→ peaceful(形容词,平静的;和平的)mind(名词,心思;头脑)
常考短语:give peace of mind(让人放下心来)have peace of mind(内心平静)
例句:Knowing that the children are safe gives her peace of mind.
(知道孩子们安全,她才放下心来。)
33.result /rɪˈzʌlt/ 结果;导致
词汇变形:result(名词,结果;动词,导致)→ results(复数 / 第三
称单数)→ resulted(过去式 / 过去分词)
常考短语:the results of their actions(他们行为的后果)
as a result(结果)result from(由…… 导致)
例句:We must consider the possible results before acting.
(行动前,我们必须考虑可能的后果。)
34.as clear as glass 清澈如镜
词汇变形:clear(形容词 / 副词,清澈的;清楚地)→ clearer(比较级)→ clearest(最高级)glass(名词,玻璃;杯子)→ glasses(复数)
常考短语:as clear as glass(清澈如镜)as brave as a lion(像狮子一样勇敢)
例句:The water in the lake is as clear as glass, and you can see the fish swimming.
(湖里的水清澈如镜,能看到鱼儿在游动。)
35.be proud of 为…… 感到骄傲;自豪
词汇变形:proud(形容词,骄傲的;自豪的)→ prouder(比较级)
→ proudest(最高级)→ pride(名词,骄傲;自豪)
常考短语:be proud of their city(为他们的城市感到骄傲)
be proud of sb.'s achievement(为某人的成就感到自豪)
例句:She is proud of her son for winning the competition.(她为儿子赢得比赛感到骄傲。)
36.create /kriˈeɪt/ 建造;创造
词汇变形:create(动词,建造;创造)→ created(过去式 / 过去分词) →creating(现在分词)→creation(名词,创造;作品)→creative(形容词,有创造力的)
常考短语:create tall new buildings(建起高楼大厦)create a new world(创造新世界)
例句:The architect created a unique design for the museum.
(建筑师为这座博物馆设计了独特的样式。)
37.on top of 在…… 顶端;在…… 上面
词汇变形:top(名词,顶端;形容词,顶端的)→ tops(复数)
常考短语:on top of a building(在大楼楼顶)on top of the mountain(在山顶)
例句:We had a wonderful view of the city on top of the tower.
(在塔顶,我们看到了城市的美丽景色。)
8. "Hey! Come on out!"“喂!出来吧!”
9.The worker shook his head. He thought the voice must be his imagination. Then he saw a stone fall from the sky.
Adaptation from Hey! Come on out! by Shinichi Hoshi
工人摇了摇头,以为这声音一定是自己的幻觉。紧接着,他看见一块石头从天上掉了下来。
(改编自星新一《喂—— 出来》)
imagination /ɪˌmædʒɪˈneɪʃn/ 想象力;幻觉
fall from 从…… 落下
词汇变形:imagine(动词,想象)→ imagination(名词,想象力;幻觉)→ imaginative(形容词,富有想象力的)
常考短语:must be his imagination(一定是他的幻觉)
use one's imagination(发挥想象力)
例句:The story is a product of her imagination.
(这个故事是她想象出来的。)
词汇变形:fall(动词,落下;跌倒)→ fell(过去式)→ fallen(过去分词)
常考短语:fall from the sky(从天上掉下来)
fall from a tree(从树上掉下来)
例句:Leaves fall from the trees in autumn.
(秋天,树叶从树上落下。)
知识点精练
一、单选题。
1.A heavy rainstorm ______ the small village last night and washed away many plastic products.
A. storm B. stormed C. is storming D. was stormed
答案:B
解析:考点为stormed(动词过去式)。时间状语 last night(昨晚)表过去,句子用一般过去时;storm 此处为动词 “突袭”,主语 rainstorm 与 storm 是主动关系,无需被动语态(排除 D),A(原形)、C(现在进行时)时态不符,故选 B。
2.Three years ______ since our school began to use reusable tableware instead of plastic ones.
A. pass B. passed C. has passed D. is passing
答案:C
解析:考点为passed(动词过去分词,用于现在完成时)。since 引导的时间状语从句用一般过去时(began),主句需用现在完成时(have/has + 过去分词);主语 three years 视为单数,用 has passed,A(原形)、B(一般过去时)、D(现在进行时)时态逻辑不符,故选 C。
3.The ______ in the mountain village collected plastic litter along the road to protect their living
environment.
A. villager B. villagers C. villager's D. villagers'
答案:B
解析:考点为villagers(名词复数)。谓语动词 collected 为复数形式,主语需对应复数;A(单数)、C(单数所有格)、D(复数所有格)均不符合 “主语表人且为复数” 的语境,故选 B。
4.The teachers ______ the plan of holding a "No Plastic" activity in the class meeting yesterday.
A. discuss B. discusses C. discussed D. are discussing
答案:C
解析:考点为discussed(动词过去式)。时间状语 yesterday(昨天)表过去,句子用一般过去时;A(原形,一般现在时)、B(三单形式,一般现在时)、D(现在进行时)时态不符,故选 C。
5.The old well in the village is ______—it’s dangerous for children to get close to it.
A. dark and deep B. darkly and deeply C. dark or deep D. darken and deepen
答案:A
解析:考点为dark and deep(形容词短语)。系动词 is 后接形容词作表语,and 连接两个并列形容词(dark “黑暗的”、deep “深的”);B(副词短语,不能作表语)、C(or 表选择,不符合语境)、D(动词原形,词性错误),故选 A。
6.When the child got lost in the park, he ______ to ask for help.
A. shout loud B. shouted loudly C. shouts loudly D. is shouting loud
答案:B
解析:考点为shout loudly(动词短语,“大声呼喊”)。描述过去发生的动作(迷路呼救),用一般过去时(shouted);副词 loudly 修饰动词 shout(排除 A、D 中的形容词 loud),C(一般现在时)时态不符,故选 B。
7.Please ______ the plastic bottles on the ground and put them into the recycling bin.
A. pick up it B. pick it up C. pick up them D. pick them up
答案:D
解析:考点为pick up(动词短语,“捡起”)。宾语为复数名词 plastic bottles,用代词 them 指代;pick up 是 “动词 + 副词” 短语,代词作宾语时需置于短语中间(排除 A、C),B(it 指代单数)指代错误,故选 D。
8.Don’t ______ the industrial waste into the river—it will cause serious pollution.
A. throw into B. throw to C. throw at D. throw away
答案:A
解析:考点为throw into(动词短语,“扔进”)。固定搭配 “throw sth. into sp.(把某物扔进某地)”;B(throw to “扔向”,无 “投入内部” 含义)、C(throw at“朝…… 扔”,含攻击意味)、D(throw away “扔掉”,后不接地点),故选 A。
9.The city center is always ______ on weekends—there are too many people and cars.
A. busy and noisy B. busily and noisily C. busy or noisy D. busier and noisier
答案:A
解析:考点为busy and noisy(形容词短语,“繁忙喧闹的”)。系动词 is 后接形容词原级作表语,and 连接并列形容词(busy “繁忙的”、noisy “喧闹的”);B(副词短语,不能作表语)、C(or 表选择,不符合语境)、D(比较级,无比较对象),故选 A。
10.Several ______ came to interview the scientist who developed a new
way to deal with plastic waste.
A. reporter B. reporters C. reporter's D. reporters'
答案:B
解析:考点为reporters(名词复数)。修饰词 several(几个)后接可数名词复数;A(单数)、C(单数所有格)、D(复数所有格)均不符合 “主语表人且为复数” 的语境,故选 B。
11.The students are doing a ______ experiment to test how long plastic takes to break down.
A. science B. scientific C. scientifically D. scientist
答案:B
解析:考点为scientific(形容词,“科学的”)。空格后为名词 experiment(实验),需用形容词修饰;A(名词 “科学”)、C(副词 “科学地”)、D(名词 “科学家”)词性不符,故选 B。
12.We need to ______ why plastic pollution is more serious in some coastal areas.
A. find B. find out C. look for D. discover
答案:B
解析:考点为find out(动词短语,“查明;发现”)。侧重 “通过努力查明原因、真相”,符合 “探究塑料污染严重的原因” 语境;A(find “偶然发现某物”)、C(look for “寻找”,侧重动作)、D(discover “发现未知事物”)语义不符,故选 B。
13.The factory ______ the amount of plastic production last year to protect the environment.
A. lower B. lowers C. lowered D. is lowering
答案:C
解析:考点为lowered(动词过去式)。时间状语 last year(去年)表过去,句子用一般过去时;A(原形)、B(三单形式,一般现在时)、D(现在进行时)时态不符,故选 C。
14.This kind of biodegradable plastic has a light ______ and is easy to carry.
A. weigh B. weight C. weighing D. weighed
答案:B
解析:考点为weight(名词,“重量”)。空格前有形容词 light(轻的)修饰,需用名词;A(动词 “称重”)、C(动名词 / 现在分词)、D(过去式 / 过去分词)词性不符,故选 B。
15.The villagers stood quietly in the forest to ______ the sound of birds
—they wanted to check if the environment was getting better.
A. listen to B. listen for C. hear D. sound
答案:B
解析:考点为listen for(动词短语,“倾听;等待…… 的声音”)。侧重 “主动倾听、等待某个特定声音”,符合 “等待鸟叫以判断环境” 的语境;A(listen to “单纯听动作”)、C(hear“听到,侧重结果”)、D(sound“听起来,系动词”)语义不符,故选 B。
16.Please ______ the form about your daily plastic use habits—we need the data for research.
A. fill in B. fill with C. fill up D. fill out of
答案:A
解析:考点为fill in(动词短语,“填写”)。固定搭配 “fill in a form(填写表格)”;B(fill with “用某物填满容器”)、C(fill up“装满,侧重容器满”)、D(搭配错误,正确为 fill out “填写”,但选项无),故选 A。
17.Tom ______ help clean the plastic litter in the park when he saw the
volunteers working hard.
A. offered to B. offered doing C. offers to D. offers doing
答案:A
解析:考点为offer to do sth.(动词短语,“主动提出做某事”)。offer 后必须接不定式(to + 动词原形),排除 B、D;由 saw 可知句子用一般过去时(offered),C(一般现在时)时态不符,故选 A。
18.______ is one of the main causes of water pollution—we must treat
it before letting it flow into rivers.
A. Industrial waste B. Industry waste C. Industrial wastes D. Industry wastes
答案:A
解析:考点为industrial waste(名词短语,“工业废料”)。industrial(形容词)修饰不可数名词 waste,短语为固定表达;B(industry 为名词,不能直接修饰 waste)、C(waste 为不可数名词,无复数)、D(双重错误),故选 A。
19.The news about reducing plastic use spread ______—people in many towns started to take action.
A. far and wide B. far or wide C. farther and wider D. far away
答案:A
解析:考点为far and wide(副词短语,“四面八方;到处”)。固定短语表 “传播广泛”;B(or 表选择,搭配错误)、C(比较级,无比较对象)、D(far away “遥远的”,表距离,不表范围),故选 A。
20.Parents are ______ the harm of microplastics to their children’s health.
A. worry about B. worried about C. worrying for D. worried with
答案:B
解析:考点为worried about(形容词短语,“担心某事”)。固定搭配 “be worried about sth.”,worry 为动词时需用 “worry about”(但 A 缺少 be 动词,且时态不符);C(for 搭配错误)、D(with 搭配错误),故选 B。
二、用所给词的适当形式填空。
1.A strong rainstorm ______(storm)the small village last night and destroyed some plastic
greenhouses.
答案:stormed
解析:考点为storm的过去式变形。时间状语 last night(昨晚)表过去,句子用一般过去时;storm(动词,突袭)的过去式为规则变化stormed,贴合 “暴雨突袭村庄” 的语境。
2.Three years ______(pass)quickly, and people in the town have reduced a lot of plastic waste.
答案:passed
解析:考点为pass的过去式变形。“三年过去” 是过去发生的动作,用一般过去时;pass(动词,过去;通过)的过去式为规则变化passed,符合 “时间流逝” 的语境。
3.The ______(villager)worked together to clean up the plastic litter along the riverbank.
答案:villagers
解析:考点为villager的复数形式。谓语动词 worked 为复数形式,主语需对应复数;villager(村民)的复数直接加 s,即villagers,贴合 “集体清理垃圾” 的动作场景。
4.The teachers ______(discuss)the plan of holding an environmental protection activity last Friday.
答案:discussed
解析:考点为discuss的过去式变形。时间状语 last Friday(上周五)表过去,用一般过去时;discuss(动词,讨论)的过去式为规则变化discussed,固定搭配 “discuss sth.(讨论某事)” 语法正确。
5.After a heated ______(discuss), they decided to use reusable bags instead of plastic ones.
答案:discussion
解析:考点为discuss的名词变形。空格前有不定冠词 a 和形容词 heated(激烈的),需填名词单数;discuss(动词)的名词形式为discussion,固定搭配 “after a discussion(经过讨论)” 符合语境。
6.Several ______(reporter)came to interview the scientist who found ways to deal with plastic
pollution.
答案:reporters
解析:考点为reporter的复数形式。修饰词 several(几个)后接可数名词复数;reporter(记者)的复数直接加 s,即reporters,贴合 “采访科学家” 的场景。
7.The ______(scientist)spent five years studying how to break down plastic waste more quickly.
答案:scientist
解析:考点为scientist的单数用法。空格前有定冠词 The,指代特定的一位科学家,用单数形式即可;贴合 “科学家研究塑料分解” 的主题语境。
8.The factory ______(lower)the amount of plastic production to protect the environment last year.
答案:lowered
解析:考点为lower的过去式变形。时间状语 last year(去年)表过去,用一般过去时;lower(动词,降低)的过去式为规则变化lowered,固定搭配 “lower the amount of(降低…… 的数量)” 符合语境。
9.This kind of biodegradable plastic has a light ______(weigh)and is easy to carry around.
答案:weight
解析:考点为weigh的名词变形。空格前有形容词 light(轻的)修饰,需填名词;weigh(动词,称重)的名词形式为weight(重量),固定搭配 “have a light weight(重量轻)” 语法正确。
10.The company ______(offer)free reusable cups to customers who don’t use plastic cups last
month.
答案:offered
解析:考点为offer的过去式变形。时间状语 last month(上个月)表过去,用一般过去时;offer(动词,提供)的过去式为规则变化offered,固定搭配 “offer sth. to sb.(向某人提供某物)” 符合语境。
11.Parents are ______(worry)about the harm of plastic toys to their children’s health.
答案:worried
解析:考点为worry的形容词变形。固定搭配 “be worried about(担心……)”,worried 修饰人,表 “感到担心的”;不能填 worrying(修饰物,表 “令人担心的”),符合 “父母担心孩子” 的语境。
12.The plastic bags ______(disappear)from the supermarket shelves after the new environmental law
was carried out.
答案:disappeared
解析:考点为disappear的过去式变形。时间状语从句用一般过去时(was carried out),主句需保持时态一致,用一般过去时;disappear(动词,消失)的过去式为规则变化disappeared,贴合 “政策实施后塑料袋下架” 的语境。
13.The ______(grow)of plastic industry has caused great pressure on the environment.
答案:growth
解析:考点为grow的名词变形。空格前有定冠词 The,需填名词;grow(动词,生长;发展)的名词形式为growth(发展),固定搭配 “the growth of(…… 的发展)” 符合语境。
14.Someone ______(litter)plastic bottles everywhere in the park, which made the ground very dirty.
答案:littered
解析:考点为litter的过去式变形。句子描述过去发生的动作(乱扔塑料瓶),用一般过去时;litter(动词,乱扔垃圾)的过去式为规则变化littered,贴合 “污染公园环境” 的语境。
15.The experiment’s ______(result)show that this new material can replace plastic in many fields.
答案:results
解析:考点为result的复数形式。谓语动词 show 为复数形式,主语需对应复数;result(结果)的复数直接加 s,即results,贴合 “实验结果验证新材料” 的语境。
16.The student came up with a ______(create)idea to reuse plastic bottles as flower pots.
答案:creative
解析:考点为create的形容词变形。空格后有名词 idea(点子),需填形容词修饰;create(动词,创造)的形容词形式为creative(有创意的),符合 “创意回收塑料瓶” 的语境。
17.We need to use our ______(imagine)to find more ways to reduce plastic pollution.
答案:imagination
解析:考点为imagine的名词变形。空格前有形容词性物主代词 our(我们的),需填名词;imagine(动词,想象)的名词形式为imagination(想象力),为不可数名词,直接使用原形。
18.The river became ______(dirty)because of the plastic waste thrown by some people.
答案:dirty
解析:考点为dirty的形容词用法。系动词 became(变得)后接形容词作表语,dirty(脏的)为形容词原级,直接使用;贴合 “河流被塑料垃圾污染变脏” 的语境。
19.We take ______(proud)in our classmates who designed reusable plastic products.
答案:pride
解析:考点为proud的名词变形。固定搭配 “take pride in(为…… 感到自豪)”,proud(形容词,自豪的)的名词形式为pride(自豪),不可数名词,直接使用。
20.The ______(create)of biodegradable plastic is a great contribution to environmental protection.
答案:creation
解析:考点为create的名词变形。空格前有定冠词 The,需填名词;create(动词,创造)的名词形式为creation(创造;发明),符合 “可降解塑料的发明助力环保” 的语境。
三、汉译英。
1.当我经过公园时,看到有人在捡塑料瓶。(pass by(经过))
答案:When I passed by the park, I saw someone picking up plastic bottles.
解析:考点为pass by(经过)。时态逻辑:When 引导的时间状语从句用一般过去时(passed by),与主句过去式(saw)保持一致;pass by 为不及物动词短语,后接地点名词(the park),符合 “经过某地” 的表达;see sb. doing sth.(看到某人正在做某事)为固定搭配,picking up 贴合 “正在捡” 的语境。
2.看到鲸鱼被塑料网缠住,志愿者们大声呼喊求救。(shout loudly(大声呼喊))
答案:Seeing the whale trapped in a plastic net, the volunteers shouted loudly for help.
解析:考点为shout loudly(大声呼喊)。用法说明:shout loudly 为 “动词 + 副词” 结构,loudly 修饰 shout,表 “呼喊的方式”;现在分词短语(Seeing...)作原因状语,比状语从句更简洁;trapped in(被缠住)贴合主题,for help(求救)为固定搭配。
3.请捡起地上的塑料垃圾,不要让它污染环境。(pick up(捡起;接;偶然学会))
答案:Please pick up the plastic litter on the ground and don’t let it pollute the environment.
解析:考点为pick up(捡起)。核心规则:pick up 为及物动词短语,后需接宾语(the plastic litter),代词作宾语时需置于短语中间(如 pick it up);句子为祈使句,用动词原形(pick up/don’t let),语气委婉,符合 “建议” 语境。
4.不要把塑料袋扔进河里,这会伤害水生动物。(throw into(扔进;投入))
答案:Don’t throw plastic bags into the river—it will hurt aquatic animals.
解析:考点为throw into(扔进)。搭配规则:throw 为及物动词,后接宾语(plastic bags),into 为介词,后接地点(the river),构成 “throw sth. into sp.(把某物扔进某地)”;祈使句否定形式(Don’t + 动词原形),破折号后补充结果,逻辑清晰。
5.科学家们花了很多时间查明塑料分解的秘密。(find out(查明;发现))
答案:Scientists spent a lot of time finding out the secret of plastic decomposition.
解析:考点为find out(查明)。用法辨析:find out 侧重 “通过努力查明事实、秘密”,区别于 find(偶然发现某物);spend time doing sth.(花费时间做某事)为固定搭配,故 find out 用动名词形式;decomposition(分解)为初中核心词汇,贴合主题。
6.我们在森林里倾听鸟儿的声音,却只听到塑料摩擦的噪音。(listen for倾听;等待…… 的声音)
答案:We listened for the birds’ songs in the forest, but only heard the noise of plastic rubbing.
解析:考点为listen for(倾听)。用法辨析:listen for 侧重 “主动倾听、等待某个声音”,区别于 listen to(单纯 “听” 的动作);句子用一般过去时(listened for/heard),时态一致;rubbing(摩擦)为动名词作定语,修饰 noise,表达准确。
7.请填写这份关于塑料使用习惯的调查问卷。(fill in填满;填写)
答案:Please fill in this questionnaire about plastic usage habits.
解析:考点为fill in(填写)。固定搭配:fill in 后常接表格、问卷、空白等(questionnaire),区别于 fill with(用某物填满容器);句子为祈使句,用动词原形,usage habits(使用习惯)为准确表达,贴合调查主题。
8.小明主动提出帮社区清理塑料垃圾。(offer to do sth.主动提出做某事)
答案:Xiao Ming offered to help the community clean up plastic waste.
解析:考点为offer to do sth.(主动提出做某事)。核心规则:offer 后必须接不定式(to help),不能接动名词;句子用一般过去时(offered),贴合 “过去主动提出” 的语境;clean up(清理)为固定短语,与主题呼应。
9.妈妈总是担心我会误食含有微塑料的食物。(worry about sth.担心某事)
答案:My mother always worries about me eating food containing microplastics.
解析:考点为worry about sth.(担心某事)。用法说明:worry about 后接名词、代词或动名词短语(me eating...);主语 my mother 为第三人称单数,一般现在时中 worry 需变三单(worries);containing microplastics(含有微塑料的)为现在分词短语作后置定语,简洁准确。
10.我长大后想成为一名科学家,解决塑料污染问题。(grow up长大)
答案:I want to be a scientist when I grow up to solve the problem of plastic pollution.
解析:考点为grow up(长大)。时态逻辑:when 引导的时间状语从句用一般现在时(grow up)表将来,主句用 want to do sth.(想要做某事);grow up 为不及物动词短语,无宾语;不定式 to solve 表目的,贴合 “长大后的目标” 语境。
11.大量使用一次性塑料会导致严重的环境问题。(lead to通向;导致)
答案:Using a lot of disposable plastic will lead to serious environmental problems.
解析:考点为lead to(导致)。核心规则:lead to 后接名词短语(environmental problems),lead 的过去式为 led(易错点);动名词短语(Using...)作主语,谓语动词用单数(will lead to);disposable plastic(一次性塑料)为主题核心词汇。
12.无论遇到什么困难,我们都要坚持减少塑料使用。(no matter what无论什么)
答案:No matter what difficulties we meet, we should insist on reducing plastic use.
解析:考点为no matter what(无论什么)。语法规则:no matter what 引导让步状语从句,从句用陈述句语序(we meet);difficulties 为可数名词复数,表 “多种困难”;insist on doing sth.(坚持做某事)为固定搭配,reducing plastic use 贴合主题。
13.人们开始使用可重复使用的布袋,结果塑料垃圾减少了很多。(as a result(结果)
答案:People began to use reusable cloth bags, and as a result, plastic waste has been reduced a lot.
解析:考点为as a result(结果)。用法说明:as a result 表因果关系,置于句中时前后用逗号隔开;前半句用一般过去时(began),后半句用现在完成时(has been reduced),强调 “过去的动作对现在的影响”;reusable cloth bags(可重复使用的布袋)为环保主题核心表达。
14.老师为我们设计的塑料回收方案感到骄傲。(be proud of(为…感到骄傲)
答案:The teacher is proud of the plastic recycling plan we designed.
解析:考点为be proud of(为…… 感到骄傲)。用法辨析:be proud of 后接名词短语(the plastic recycling plan),区别于 take pride in(同义短语,后接名词);定语从句 we designed 修饰 plan,省略关系代词 that/which;句子用一般现在时(is proud of),表当前的情感状态。
15.一些塑料碎片从飞机上落下,污染了偏远地区。(fall from从…… 落下)
答案:Some plastic fragments fell from the plane and polluted remote areas.
解析:考点为fall from(从…… 落下)。时态逻辑:句子描述过去发生的事件,用一般过去时(fell/polluted);fall 的过去式为 fell(不规则变化,易错点);fragments(碎片)为复数形式,remote areas(偏远地区)符合 “塑料污染扩散” 的语境。
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