专题01 动词时空密码速通(时态考点全解析)(暑假复习讲义)新高一英语外研版

2026-06-19
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学段 高中
学科 英语
教材版本 -
年级 高一
章节 -
类型 教案-讲义
知识点 时态
使用场景 寒暑假-暑假
学年 2026-2027
地区(省份) 全国
地区(市) -
地区(区县) -
文件格式 ZIP
文件大小 1.68 MB
发布时间 2026-06-19
更新时间 2026-06-19
作者 yaya2024
品牌系列 上好课·暑假轻松学
审核时间 2026-06-19
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来源 学科网

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专题01 动词时空密码速通 考点序号 考点聚焦 考点一 一般时态(一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时) 考点二 进行时态(现在进行时、过去进行时) 考点三 完成时态(现在完成时) ( 脉 | 络 | 重 | 构 ) ( 考 | 点 | 精 | 讲 ) 考点一 一般时态(一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时) (一)一般现在时 【知识精讲】 一.核心定义 一般现在时主要用于描述习惯性动作、客观事实、普遍真理以及当前存在的状态。 1. Be动词(am / is / are)结构 用于表示主语的身份、特征、状态或位置。 2. 实义动词结构 用于表示动作或具体的行为。此时需要借助助动词 do/does 来构成否定和疑问句。 二、一般现在时的用法 一般现在时并非只能表示“现在”,它有五种核心应用场景,每种都搭配特定的时间状语。 用法 1:表示习惯性、重复性的动作或日常规律 这是最常见的用法,强调动作的“经常性”和“反复性”。 • 常见时间状语:always, usually, often, sometimes, seldom, never(频率副词);every day/week/month/year;on Sundays/weekends;once/twice a week。 • 例句及释义: ◦ I take a walk after dinner every day.(我每天晚饭后散步。)——强调日复一日的习惯。 ◦ She sometimes goes to the cinema on weekends.(她有时周末去看电影。)——强调偶尔发生的频率。 用法 2:表示客观事实、科学真理或自然规律 这类句子不受时间限制,在过去的、现在的或将来的时间框架内都成立。 • 常见时间状语:通常不用,或使用 in the...(在自然界中) 等宏观词。特别注意:即使主句是过去时,从句真理仍用一般现在时。 • 例句及释义: ◦ The earth revolves around the sun.(地球围绕太阳转。)——天文事实,永远成立。 ◦ Water boils at 100 degrees Celsius.(水在100摄氏度时沸腾。)——物理规律。 用法 3:表示目前存在的情况、状态、想法或情感 用于描述长时间的、相对稳定的心理状态或特征,而非瞬间动作。 • 常见时间状语:now, at present(此时侧重“现状”而非进行时);或 really, absolutely 等加强语气的副词。 • 例句及释义: ◦ I really appreciate your help.(我非常感激你的帮助。)——描述当下的内心感受。 ◦ He looks very tired today.(他今天看起来很累。)——描述此刻的外在状态。 用法 4:表示按规定、时刻表或计划将要发生的未来动作(一般现在表将来) 用于特别强调“不可更改”或“官方安排”的事件,常见于交通工具、课程表、会议日程。 • 常见时间状语:tomorrow, next week, at 8:00 tonight(虽然指未来,但句子用一般现在时)。 • 例句及释义: ◦ The train leaves at 6 p.m. tomorrow.(火车明晚六点发车。)——铁路时刻表固定。 ◦ The English class starts next Monday.(英语课下周一开课。)——课程计划既定。 用法 5:在时间状语从句和条件状语从句中,替代将来时(“主将从现”原则) 当主句使用一般将来时(will do)或祈使句时,在 when, as soon as, until, if, unless 等引导的从句中,必须用一般现在时代替一般将来时。 • 常见时间状语从句引导词:when, while, as soon as, until, before, after;条件状语从句引导词:if, unless, as long as。 • 例句及释义: ◦ I will call you as soon as I arrive in Beijing.(我一到北京就给你打电话。)——从句“arrive”虽指未来,但用现在时。 ◦ If it rains tomorrow, we will cancel the picnic.(如果明天下雨,我们就取消野餐。)——条件句用“rains”表将来可能发生的情况。 【典例破题】 My cousin ________ (not / like) vegetables, so she ________ (eat) very little of them. 【巩固提升】 (一)写出下列动词的单三形式 (二)用所给词的适当形式填空 1.My sister ________ (watch) TV every evening. 2.The sun ________ (rise) in the east. 3.They ________ (not / go) to school on Sundays. 4.________ your father ________ (read) newspapers every morning? 5.Water ________ (boil) at 100 degrees Celsius. (二)一般过去时 【知识精讲】 二、常见的过去时间标志词 看到下面这些词,通常要用一般过去时: yesterday(昨天),last night / week / month / year(昨晚/上周/上个月/去年),... ago(……以前,如 two days ago),in + 过去年份(如 in 2005),just now(刚才),at that time(在那时),in the past(在过去),以及 when I was... 这类时间状语从句。 四、句型结构 行为动词(实义动词)的句型: 肯定句:主语 + 动词过去式 + 其他。比如 He played basketball yesterday. 否定句:主语 + did not(缩写为 didn't)+ 动词原形 + 其他。比如 He didn't play basketball yesterday. 注意,有了 didn't 之后,动词一定要变回原形,不能再写成 played。 一般疑问句:Did + 主语 + 动词原形 + 其他?比如 Did he play basketball yesterday? 同样,did 后面跟原形。 特殊疑问句:疑问词 + did + 主语 + 动词原形 + 其他?比如 Where did he play basketball? be动词的句型(表示过去的状态): 肯定句:主语 + was / were + 其他。比如 They were happy yesterday. 否定句:主语 + was / were + not + 其他。缩写为 wasn't / weren't。比如 She wasn't at home last night. 疑问句:Was / Were + 主语 + 其他?比如 Were you at school yesterday? 【易错】 错误一:否定句和疑问句中仍然用动词过去式。 这是最常犯的错误。很多人会写 He didn't went home. 或者 Did she came? 正确写法应该是 He didn't go home. 和 Did she come? 记住一条铁律:did / didn't 后面永远跟动词原形,原来的动词不能再保留过去式。 错误二:把 be 动词和行为动词混在一起用。 比如 I was go to school. 这是错的,因为 was 是 be 动词,go 是行为动词,不能直接连用。正确表达应该是 I went to school. 错误三:不规则动词按规则加 -ed。 比如 She eated lunch. 这是错的,eat 是不规则动词,过去式是 ate。正确写法是 She ate lunch. 所以常见不规则动词一定要背熟。 【典例破题】 用所给单词的适当形式填空 My family ________ (go) to the beach last weekend. The water ________ (be) cold, but we still ________ (have) a great time. 【巩固提升】 一.写出下列动词的过去式 二.用所给动词的适当形式填空 1. She ________ (read) an interesting book last night and ________ (stay) up until 11:00. 2. They ________ (not / visit) the museum because it ________ (be) closed on Monday. 3. ________ your sister ________ (make) a cake for your birthday yesterday? 4. We ________ (be) very tired after the long walk, so we ________ (rest) for a while. 5. He ________ (begin) to learn English when he ________ (be) only six years old. 6. I ________ (lose) my keys on my way home, but my friend ________ (find) them later. 7. My parents ________ (not / allow) me to go out at night when I ________ (be) young. 8. She ________ (drive) to the supermarket and ________ (buy) some fruit for her grandmother. (二)一般将来时 【知识精讲】 一、核心定义 一般将来时用来谈论尚未发生、即将发生或将来要发生的事情。主要有四种情况。 第1, 表示将来某个时间要发生的动作或存在的状态。 比如:I will visit my grandparents next week. 我下周要去看望爷爷奶奶。 第2, 表示未来的计划、打算或意图。 比如:She is going to study abroad next year. 她打算明年出国留学。 第3, 表示对未来事情的预测或推测,而非主观计划。 比如:It will rain tomorrow. 明天会下雨。这种预测可以基于客观迹象,也可以只是说话人的主观判断。 第4, 表示将来会反复发生的动作或习惯。 比如:We will have a meeting every Monday from next month. 从下个月开始,我们每周一都要开会。 二、常见的将来时间标志词 看到下面这些词,通常要用一般将来时: tomorrow(明天),the day after tomorrow(后天),next week / month / year / Sunday(下周/下个月/明年/下个周日),in + 一段时间(表示“……之后”,如 in two hours,注意它和 after 的区别),soon(很快),later(稍后),in the future(在未来),from now on(从现在起),以及 when / as soon as / after 等引导的时间状语从句中,主句用将来时,从句用一般现在时表将来。 三、两种基本结构的区别与用法 一般将来时主要有两种表达方式:will + 动词原形 和 be going to + 动词原形。它们虽然都表示将来,但用法上有细微差别。 will 的用法: will 是最通用的将来时助动词,所有人称都用 will,没有变形。它主要用于以下几种情况: 一是表示单纯的未来事实或预测,不涉及主观计划。比如 The sun will rise at 6:00 tomorrow.(客观事实预测)。 二是表示说话时临时做出的决定。比如 A:The phone is ringing. B:I will answer it.(B 之前没打算接,是听到铃声后临时决定的)。 三是表示承诺、威胁、提议或请求。比如 I will help you with your homework.(承诺),I will call the police if you don't leave.(威胁),Will you marry me?(请求)。 be going to 的用法: be going to 由 am/is/are + going to + 动词原形构成,更强调“有计划、有准备”。它主要用于以下两种情况: 一是表示事先计划或打算好的事情。比如 I am going to buy a new phone next month.(已经想好了,不是临时决定)。 二是表示有迹象表明将要发生的事情。比如 Look at those dark clouds. It is going to rain.(看到乌云,据此推测)。 核心区别总结: will 更偏向“临时决定、纯粹预测、承诺提议”;be going to 更偏向“事先计划、有迹象的推测”。很多情况下两者可以互换,但不绝对。 四、句型结构 will 结构的句型: 肯定句:主语 + will + 动词原形 + 其他。比如 He will play basketball tomorrow. 否定句:主语 + will not(缩写为 won't)+ 动词原形 + 其他。比如 He won't play basketball tomorrow. 一般疑问句:Will + 主语 + 动词原形 + 其他?比如 Will he play basketball tomorrow? 特殊疑问句:疑问词 + will + 主语 + 动词原形 + 其他?比如 Where will he play basketball? be going to 结构的句型: 肯定句:主语 + am/is/are + going to + 动词原形 + 其他。比如 They are going to play basketball tomorrow. 否定句:主语 + am/is/are + not + going to + 动词原形 + 其他。比如 They aren't going to play basketball tomorrow. 一般疑问句:Am/Is/Are + 主语 + going to + 动词原形 + 其他?比如 Are they going to play basketball tomorrow? 特殊疑问句:疑问词 + am/is/are + 主语 + going to + 动词原形 + 其他?比如 Where are they going to play basketball? 【注意】时间状语从句中的“主将从现”规则 当主句是一般将来时,而从句由 when、as soon as、after、before、until、if 等引导时,从句要用一般现在时来表示将来,而不是用 will。这就是所谓的“主将从现”(主句用将来时,从句用现在时表将来)。 举例说明: I will call you when I arrive. 注意这里不能说 when I will arrive,要用 arrive 一般现在时。 She will clean the room as soon as she gets home. 不能说 as soon as she will get home。 If it rains tomorrow, we will stay at home. 不能说 if it will rain。 这里要特别强调一下,虽然 if 条件句中也用主将从现,但不要和宾语从句中的 if(是否)搞混。如果 if 表示“是否”,后面可以用 will。比如 I don't know if he will come.(这里的 if 是“是否”,不是“如果”,所以可以用 will) 【典例破题】 用所给动词的适当形式填空 We ________ (have) a picnic this Sunday if the weather ________ (be) nice. 【巩固提升】 用所给动词的适当形式填空 1. I ________ (call) you as soon as I ________ (get) home. 2. She ________ (fly) to Paris next Friday. She has already booked the ticket. 3. Look at that little boy! He ________ (fall) off the wall if he ________ (not / be) careful. 4. The meeting ________ (start) at 10:00 tomorrow morning. Don't be late. 5. A: I'm so hungry. B: I ________ (make) you a sandwich. 6. They ________ (move) to a new house next month. They have found a nice one. 7. If we ________ (not / hurry), we ________ (miss) the beginning of the film. 8. I promise I ________ (finish) all my homework before dinner. 9. ________ you ________ (go) shopping with me this afternoon? I need your advice. 10. The bus ________ (arrive) in about five minutes. We'd better get ready. 考点二 进行时态(现在进行时、过去进行时) (一)现在进行时 【知识精讲】 一、核心定义 现在进行时用来谈论此时此刻正在发生或一段时间内持续进行的动作。主要有四种情况。 第1, 表示说话此刻正在进行的动作。 比如:I am reading a book right now. 我现在正在看书。She is sleeping at the moment. 她此刻正在睡觉。这是现在进行时最核心、最基本的用法。 第2, 表示现阶段正在进行的动作,但说话时不一定正在进行。 比如:I am learning French this semester. 我这学期在学习法语(但此刻可能没在学)。He is writing a novel these days. 他这些天在写一部小说(但此刻不一定在写)。 第3, 表示将来按计划或安排好的动作,尤其适用于表示位置移动的动词。 比如:We are leaving for Shanghai tomorrow. 我们明天出发去上海。She is coming to see us next week. 她下周要来看我们。这种用法在一般将来时部分已经提到过,现在进行时表将来强调“行程已定、不可更改”。 第4, 表示最近一段时间反复发生的动作,常与 always、constantly、forever 等频率副词连用,带有说话人的感情色彩,如抱怨、赞赏、惊讶等。 比如:He is always losing his keys. 他总是丢钥匙(带有抱怨的语气)。She is constantly helping others. 她总是帮助别人(带有赞赏的语气)。 二、常见的现在进行时标志词 看到下面这些词,通常要考虑用现在进行时: now(现在),right now(此刻),at the moment(此刻),at present(目前),these days(这些天),this week / month / term(本周/本月/本学期),以及 Look! 和 Listen! 这样的祈使句提示。比如 Look! The kids are playing in the garden.(看!孩子们正在花园里玩),Listen! Someone is singing in the next room.(听!有人在隔壁唱歌)。 三、动词现在分词(-ing形式)的变化规则 动词变为现在分词,有明确的规律可循。 1.绝大多数动词直接加 -ing。比如 play→playing,read→reading,talk→talking,go→going。 如果动词以不发音的字母 e 结尾,要去掉 e 再加 -ing。比如 make→making,write→writing,dance→dancing,take→taking。注意,如果 e 发音则不能去掉,比如 see→seeing(e 发音),agree→agreeing(e 发音)。 2.如果动词以重读闭音节结尾,且末尾只有一个辅音字母,要双写这个辅音字母再加 -ing。比如 run→running,swim→swimming,begin→beginning,put→putting,sit→sitting。注意双写的条件有三个:一是重读闭音节,二是末尾只有一个辅音字母,三是这个辅音字母不是 x 或 w。比如 fix→fixing(x 不双写),row→rowing(w 不双写)。 3.如果动词以 ie 结尾,要把 ie 变为 y 再加 -ing。比如 die→dying,lie→lying,tie→tying。这是较少见但容易考到的规则。 4.动词以 y 结尾直接加 -ing,不需要改变 y。比如 study→studying,play→playing,cry→crying。这一点和过去式、三单形式不同,需要特别注意。 四、句型结构 肯定句:主语 + am/is/are + 现在分词 + 其他。比如 He is reading a book now. / They are playing football. 否定句:主语 + am/is/are + not + 现在分词 + 其他。比如 He is not reading a book. / They aren't playing football. 缩写的常见形式有:I'm not,isn't,aren't。 一般疑问句:Am/Is/Are + 主语 + 现在分词 + 其他?比如 Is he reading a book? / Are they playing football? 肯定回答用 Yes,主语 + am/is/are. 否定回答用 No,主语 + am/is/are + not. 特殊疑问句:疑问词 + am/is/are + 主语 + 现在分词 + 其他?比如 What is he reading? / Where are they playing football? 【典例破题】 用所给词的适当形式填空 Listen! Someone ________ (sing) in the next room. It ________ (sound) beautiful. 【巩固提升】 用所给动词的适当形式填空 1. Where is Tom? He ________ (water) the flowers in the garden. 2. My grandmother ________ (not / feel) well these days. She ________ (see) a doctor tomorrow morning. 3. Look at the kids! They ________ (build) a sandcastle on the beach. 4. The students ________ (prepare) for the school play this month. They ________ (practice) every afternoon. 5. You ________ (always / lose) your keys! Why ________ (you / not / put) them in the same place? 6. I can't answer the phone right now. I ________ (have) a bath. 7. We ________ (move) to a new house next week. We ________ (pack) everything at the moment. 8. Be quiet, please. The teacher ________ (come) in. Everyone ________ (try) to look attentive. 9. She usually ________ (wear) glasses, but today she ________ (wear) contact lenses. 10. I ________ (not / want) to go out because it ________ (rain) heavily outside. (二)过去进行时 【知识精讲】 一.核心定义 过去进行时用来谈论过去某个特定时刻或时间段正在进行的动作。主要有四种情况。 第1, 表示过去某一时刻正在进行的动作。 比如:I was reading a book at 8:00 last night. 昨晚八点我正在看书。She was sleeping when I called her. 我给她打电话时她正在睡觉。这是过去进行时最核心的用法。 第2, 表示过去某一段时间内持续进行的动作,但动作可能在这段时间内断断续续,不一定每时每刻都在进行。 比如:I was studying in London from 2015 to 2018. 2015 年到 2018 年我在伦敦学习(那段时间在学,但不一定每分每秒都在学)。They were building a new bridge last year. 他们去年在建造一座新桥。 第3, 表示过去两个动作同时进行。常与 while 连用。 比如:While I was cooking, my husband was cleaning the room. 我在做饭的时候,我丈夫在打扫房间。两个动作同时在持续进行。 第4, 表示过去反复发生的动作,带有说话人的感情色彩(如抱怨、不满、赞赏等),常与 always、constantly、forever 等副词连用。 比如:He was always losing his keys when he was young. 他年轻时老是丢钥匙(抱怨)。She was constantly helping others in those days. 那些日子里她总是帮助别人(赞赏)。 二、常见的过去进行时标志词 看到下面这些词或结构,通常要考虑用过去进行时: at that time / at that moment(在那时),at 8:00 last night(昨晚八点),at this time yesterday(昨天的这个时候),from...to... 表示过去的一段时间,when 引导的时间状语从句(从句用一般过去时,主句用过去进行时表示“正在做……这时突然……”),while 引导的时间状语从句(通常用过去进行时表示持续的背景动作)。 【注意】 when 和 while 的区别: when 后面一般接短暂性动词(用一般过去时),表示“突然发生”; while 后面一般接延续性动词(用过去进行时),表示“在……期间”。 比如: I was watching TV when the phone rang.(电话铃响的时候我正在看电视——电话铃是突然的短暂动作,用一般过去时;看电视是持续的背景动作,用过去进行时)。 While I was watching TV, my mother was cooking.(我看电视的时候,我妈妈在做饭——两个动作都在持续,都用过去进行时)。 三、句型结构 肯定句:主语 + was/were + 现在分词 + 其他。比如:He was reading a book at that time. / They were playing football yesterday afternoon. 否定句:主语 + was/were + not + 现在分词 + 其他。比如:He was not reading a book. / They weren't playing football. 缩写形式:wasn't / weren't。 一般疑问句:Was/Were + 主语 + 现在分词 + 其他?比如:Was he reading a book? / Were they playing football? 肯定回答用 Yes,主语 + was/were. 否定回答用 No,主语 + was/were + not. 特殊疑问句:疑问词 + was/were + 主语 + 现在分词 + 其他?比如:What was he reading? / Where were they playing football? 【典例破题】 They ________ (not / play) football at 4:00 yesterday afternoon. They ________ (have) a music class. 【巩固提升】 用所给动词的适当形式填空 1. I ________ (read) a book at 8:00 last night. 2. She ________ (cook) dinner when I ________ (call) her. 3. They ________ (play) basketball on the playground at that time. 4. My father ________ (watch) TV while my mother ________ (clean) the room. 5. We ________ (not / have) class at 3:00 yesterday afternoon. 6. ________ he ________ (do) his homework when you ________ (see) him? 7. The kids ________ (swim) in the pool at 10:00 yesterday morning. 8. While I ________ (walk) to school, I ________ (meet) my friend Lily. 9. She ________ (write) a letter at this time yesterday. 10. They ________ (not / sleep) when their parents ________ (come) back home. 考点三 完成时态(现在完成时) 现在完成时 【知识精讲】 一、核心定义 现在完成时是英语时态中比较复杂的一个,它虽然叫“现在”完成时,但讲的是过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响或与现在的联系。它连接过去和现在,强调的是“现在的结果”或“到目前为止的经历”,而不是动作本身发生在何时。主要有四种情况。 第1, 表示过去发生的动作对现在造成了影响或产生了结果,强调“现在已经完成了”或“结果还在”。 比如:I have lost my keys. 我把钥匙弄丢了。(强调现在还没找到,所以进不去门)。She has finished her homework. 她已经做完作业了。(强调现在作业是完成的状态,可以出去玩)。这种用法不关心动作具体发生在什么时候,只关心现在的结果。 第2, 表示从过去一直持续到现在的动作或状态,常与 for 或 since 连用。 比如:I have lived here for ten years. 我已经在这里住了十年了。(从十年前住到现在,可能还会继续住下去)。She has studied English since 2018. 她从 2018 年起就一直在学英语。(学到现在)。这种用法中的动词通常是延续性动词(live、study、know 等),不能是短暂动词(come、go、die 等)。 第3, 表示到目前为止的经历或经验,常与 ever、never、before、once、twice、several times 等连用。 比如:Have you ever been to Beijing? 你去过北京吗?(询问人生经历)。I have never seen such a beautiful sunset. 我从未见过这么美的日落。(到目前为止的经历)。She has read this book three times. 她已经读了三遍这本书了。 第4, 表示到现在为止尚未完成或还未发生的事情,多用于否定句,常与 yet、just、already 等连用。 比如:I haven't finished my report yet. 我还没完成我的报告。She has already arrived. 她已经到了。 二、常见的现在完成时标志词 现在完成时有很多特有的标志词,看到这些词通常要用现在完成时。 already(已经),用于肯定句,常放在 have/has 和过去分词之间。比如 I have already eaten. yet(已经/还未),用于否定句和疑问句,常放在句末。比如 Have you finished yet? / I haven't seen him yet. just(刚刚),表示“刚刚完成”,常放在 have/has 和过去分词之间。比如 He has just left. ever(曾经),用于疑问句中询问经历。比如 Have you ever been to London? never(从未),用于否定表示经历。比如 I have never tried sushi. before(以前),用于句末。比如 I have seen this movie before. once / twice / three times(一次/两次/三次),表示做某事的次数。比如 I have visited Paris twice. for + 时间段(for two years / for a long time),表示持续了多久。 since + 过去时间点(since 2018 / since last week / since I was young),表示从那时起一直到现在。 so far / up to now / until now(到目前为止),表示截止到现在的累计情况。比如 So far, I have learned 500 English words. recently / lately(最近),表示近期发生的事。比如 I have seen her recently. in the past/last few years(在过去的几年里),表示从过去到现在这段时间内发生的事。比如 He has changed a lot in the past few years. 三、句型结构 肯定句:主语 + have/has + 过去分词 + 其他。比如:He has finished his work. / They have arrived. 否定句:主语 + have/has + not + 过去分词 + 其他。have not 缩写为 haven't,has not 缩写为 hasn't。比如:He hasn't finished his work. / They haven't arrived. 一般疑问句:Have/Has + 主语 + 过去分词 + 其他?比如:Has he finished his work? / Have they arrived? 肯定回答用 Yes,主语 + have/has. 否定回答用 No,主语 + have/has + not. 特殊疑问句:疑问词 + have/has + 主语 + 过去分词 + 其他?比如:What has he done? / Where have they been? 四、过去分词的变化规则 现在完成时的核心是“have/has + 过去分词”。过去分词分为规则变化和不规则变化两类。 规则动词的过去分词: 和过去式的变化规则完全一样。 一般动词直接加 -ed。比如 work→worked,play→played。 以字母 e 结尾的动词直接加 -d。比如 like→liked,live→lived。 以“辅音字母 + y”结尾的动词,变 y 为 i 加 -ed。比如 study→studied,cry→cried。 以重读闭音节结尾且末尾只有一个辅音字母的动词,双写末尾辅音字母加 -ed。比如 stop→stopped,plan→planned。 不规则动词的过去分词: 需要单独记忆,这是学习现在完成时的重点和难点。 一部分不规则动词的过去式和过去分词相同。比如 buy→bought→bought,bring→brought→brought,teach→taught→taught,think→thought→thought,build→built→built,send→sent→sent,meet→met→met,leave→left→left,lose→lost→lost,get→got→got(美式英语中也用 gotten)。 另一部分不规则动词的过去式和过去分词不同。比如 go→went→gone,see→saw→seen,do→did→done,eat→ate→eaten,write→wrote→written,drink→drank→drunk,give→gave→given,take→took→taken,speak→spoke→spoken,break→broke→broken,choose→chose→chosen,drive→drove→driven,fly→flew→flown,wear→wore→worn。 还有一部分动词的过去式、过去分词和原形完全相同。比如 put→put→put,set→set→set,cut→cut→cut, 【注意】现在完成时和一般过去时的核心区别 第一,看是否强调对现在的影响。 现在完成时强调过去的动作和现在有联系,关注的是“现在的结果”;一般过去时只陈述过去发生的事情,和现在没有直接联系,关注的是“过去的事实”。 对比两组例子:I have lost my keys.(现在完成时:强调钥匙现在还没找到,所以进不了门,对现在有影响)。I lost my keys yesterday.(一般过去时:只说明昨天丢了钥匙,不关心现在有没有找到,也许现在已经找到了)。 She has finished her homework.(现在完成时:强调现在作业已经做完了,可以出去玩了)。She finished her homework at 7:00.(一般过去时:只说明七点完成了作业,是一个过去的事实)。 第二,看时间状语。 现在完成时不能和具体的过去时间状语连用,比如 yesterday、last week、in 2018、three days ago。这些词只能和一般过去时连用。 现在完成时通常和 already、yet、just、ever、never、before、once、twice、for、since、so far 等连用。 举例:I have seen this movie.(现在完成时,没有具体过去时间)。I saw this movie last year.(一般过去时,有具体过去时间 last year)。 She has been to London.(现在完成时,没有具体过去时间,只谈经历)。She went to London in 2019.(一般过去时,有具体时间 in 2019)。 五、for 和 since 的用法 for 和 since 都表示“持续了多久”,但用法不同。 for + 时间段: 表示动作持续了多长时间。比如 for two years(两年),for a long time(很久),for three hours(三小时),for ages(很久很久)。例句:I have lived here for ten years. 我在这儿住了十年了。 since + 过去时间点: 表示从过去某个时间点开始一直到现在。比如 since 2018(从 2018 年起),since last week(从上周起),since yesterday(从昨天起),since I was a child(从我小时候起),since two o'clock(从两点起)。例句:I have lived here since 2018. 我从 2018 年起就住在这儿了。 核心区别: for 后面接“时间段”(持续时间),since 后面接“时间点”(起始时间)。不能把 for 和 since 用混。 注意: 在现在完成时中,for 和 since 引导的时间状语都表示“动作从过去一直持续到现在”,所以动词必须是延续性动词(如 live、work、study、know、stay 等),不能用短暂动词(如 come、go、die、leave、buy 等)。 【典例破题】 I ________ (finish) my homework already. I can go out to play now. 【巩固提升】 用所给动词的适当形式填空 1. She ________ (not / finish) her project yet, so she can't go to the cinema with us. 2. She ________ (not / eat) anything since breakfast. 3. ________ you ever ________ (visit) the Great Wall? 4. They ________ (live) in this city for over ten years. 5. My brother ________ (just / buy) a new bike. Look! It's so cool. 6. He ________ (be) to Japan twice, so he knows a lot about Japanese culture. 7. I ________ (not / see) that movie yet. Is it good? 8. Where is your mother? She ________ (go) to the supermarket to buy some vegetables. 9. We ________ (know) each other since we ________ (meet) at the summer camp. 10. She ________ (borrow) this book from the library last week, so she ________ (keep) it for about seven days. 一.用所给动词的适当形式填空 1. My sister ________ (watch) TV every evening after dinner. 2. Listen! The birds ________ (sing) in the tree outside. 3. We ________ (visit) our grandparents last weekend. 4. She ________ (not / finish) her homework yet, so she can't go out. 5. They ________ (play) football on the playground at 4:00 yesterday afternoon. 6. I ________ (call) you as soon as I ________ (get) to the station tomorrow. 7. My father usually ________ (drive) to work, but today he ________ (take) the bus because his car is broken. 8. When I ________ (walk) into the classroom, the teacher ________ (write) something on the blackboard. 9. He ________ (be) to Shanghai twice, and he ________ (go) there again next month. 10. We ________ (know) each other since we ________ (be) in primary school. We ________ (be) good friends for over ten years now. 二、单项选择 1. (2024夏)This online course ______, but you can still access and use the original version. A. has updated B. had updated C. has been updated D. had been updated 2. (2024春)The fence between the two tennis courts ______. Soon children will have enough space for football games. A. are removed B. is to be removed C. were to be removed D. was being removed 3. (2023夏)The wooden tower that ______ will be open to tourists soon, and the work is almost finished. A. is being restored B. is restored C. is restoring D. restores 4. (2023夏) The number of people using the Internet to make purchase ______ dramatically over the last ten years. A. is rising B. are rising C. has risen D. have risen 5. (2023春)Human impact on the animal kingdom, such as hunting and destruction of habitats, ______ a reduction in the population of certain species in the past three decades. A. has caused B. have caused C. was causing D. were causing 6. (2022夏)Food and medical supplies _______ to all the residents after the hurricane last Sunday. A. distribute B. distributed C. are distributed D. were distributed 7. (2022夏)Critical reasoning, together with problem-solving, ______ teenagers to make better decisions. A. prepare B. prepares C. is preparing D. are preparing 8. (2021春)Currently, about 35,000 works ________ in over 300 rooms in the Louvre, and it would take a lifetime to see everything. A. were displaying B. are displaying C. were being displayed D. are being displayed 9. (2025夏) Deng Jiaxian was one of the 23 scientists who ______ awarded for their extraordinary contributions to China’s “two bombs, one satellite” project. A. was B. were C. has D. have 10.(2025夏)The Song Dynasty ______ the introduction of jiaozi, which is supposedly the world’s first paper money. A. has seen B. had seen C. sees D. saw / 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 $ 专题01 动词时空密码速通 考点序号 考点聚焦 考点一 一般时态(一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时) 考点二 进行时态(现在进行时、过去进行时) 考点三 完成时态(现在完成时) ( 脉 | 络 | 重 | 构 ) ( 考 | 点 | 精 | 讲 ) 考点一 一般时态(一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时) (一)一般现在时 【知识精讲】 一.核心定义 一般现在时主要用于描述习惯性动作、客观事实、普遍真理以及当前存在的状态。 1. Be动词(am / is / are)结构 用于表示主语的身份、特征、状态或位置。 2. 实义动词结构 用于表示动作或具体的行为。此时需要借助助动词 do/does 来构成否定和疑问句。 二、一般现在时的用法 一般现在时并非只能表示“现在”,它有五种核心应用场景,每种都搭配特定的时间状语。 用法 1:表示习惯性、重复性的动作或日常规律 这是最常见的用法,强调动作的“经常性”和“反复性”。 • 常见时间状语:always, usually, often, sometimes, seldom, never(频率副词);every day/week/month/year;on Sundays/weekends;once/twice a week。 • 例句及释义: ◦ I take a walk after dinner every day.(我每天晚饭后散步。)——强调日复一日的习惯。 ◦ She sometimes goes to the cinema on weekends.(她有时周末去看电影。)——强调偶尔发生的频率。 用法 2:表示客观事实、科学真理或自然规律 这类句子不受时间限制,在过去的、现在的或将来的时间框架内都成立。 • 常见时间状语:通常不用,或使用 in the...(在自然界中) 等宏观词。特别注意:即使主句是过去时,从句真理仍用一般现在时。 • 例句及释义: ◦ The earth revolves around the sun.(地球围绕太阳转。)——天文事实,永远成立。 ◦ Water boils at 100 degrees Celsius.(水在100摄氏度时沸腾。)——物理规律。 用法 3:表示目前存在的情况、状态、想法或情感 用于描述长时间的、相对稳定的心理状态或特征,而非瞬间动作。 • 常见时间状语:now, at present(此时侧重“现状”而非进行时);或 really, absolutely 等加强语气的副词。 • 例句及释义: ◦ I really appreciate your help.(我非常感激你的帮助。)——描述当下的内心感受。 ◦ He looks very tired today.(他今天看起来很累。)——描述此刻的外在状态。 用法 4:表示按规定、时刻表或计划将要发生的未来动作(一般现在表将来) 用于特别强调“不可更改”或“官方安排”的事件,常见于交通工具、课程表、会议日程。 • 常见时间状语:tomorrow, next week, at 8:00 tonight(虽然指未来,但句子用一般现在时)。 • 例句及释义: ◦ The train leaves at 6 p.m. tomorrow.(火车明晚六点发车。)——铁路时刻表固定。 ◦ The English class starts next Monday.(英语课下周一开课。)——课程计划既定。 用法 5:在时间状语从句和条件状语从句中,替代将来时(“主将从现”原则) 当主句使用一般将来时(will do)或祈使句时,在 when, as soon as, until, if, unless 等引导的从句中,必须用一般现在时代替一般将来时。 • 常见时间状语从句引导词:when, while, as soon as, until, before, after;条件状语从句引导词:if, unless, as long as。 • 例句及释义: ◦ I will call you as soon as I arrive in Beijing.(我一到北京就给你打电话。)——从句“arrive”虽指未来,但用现在时。 ◦ If it rains tomorrow, we will cancel the picnic.(如果明天下雨,我们就取消野餐。)——条件句用“rains”表将来可能发生的情况。 【典例破题】 My cousin ________ (not / like) vegetables, so she ________ (eat) very little of them. 答案 doesn't like / eats 主语My cousin为三单;并列结构,两个空都受三单影响 【巩固提升】 (一)写出下列动词的单三形式 答案 1. play → plays 2. watch → watches 3. go → goes 4. fly → flies 5. have → has 6. do → does 7. study → studies 8. wash → washes 9. say → says 10. fix → fixes 11. cry → cries 12. teach → teaches (二)用所给词的适当形式填空 1.My sister ________ (watch) TV every evening. 2.The sun ________ (rise) in the east. 3.They ________ (not / go) to school on Sundays. 4.________ your father ________ (read) newspapers every morning? 5.Water ________ (boil) at 100 degrees Celsius. 答案 1 watches 主语My sister为三单,watch加-es 2 rises 客观事实,主语The sun为三单 3 don't go 主语They为复数,否定用don't + 动词原形 4 Does...read 主语your father为三单,疑问句用Does + 原形 5 boils 客观事实,三单加-s (二)一般过去时 【知识精讲】 二、常见的过去时间标志词 看到下面这些词,通常要用一般过去时: yesterday(昨天),last night / week / month / year(昨晚/上周/上个月/去年),... ago(……以前,如 two days ago),in + 过去年份(如 in 2005),just now(刚才),at that time(在那时),in the past(在过去),以及 when I was... 这类时间状语从句。 四、句型结构 行为动词(实义动词)的句型: 肯定句:主语 + 动词过去式 + 其他。比如 He played basketball yesterday. 否定句:主语 + did not(缩写为 didn't)+ 动词原形 + 其他。比如 He didn't play basketball yesterday. 注意,有了 didn't 之后,动词一定要变回原形,不能再写成 played。 一般疑问句:Did + 主语 + 动词原形 + 其他?比如 Did he play basketball yesterday? 同样,did 后面跟原形。 特殊疑问句:疑问词 + did + 主语 + 动词原形 + 其他?比如 Where did he play basketball? be动词的句型(表示过去的状态): 肯定句:主语 + was / were + 其他。比如 They were happy yesterday. 否定句:主语 + was / were + not + 其他。缩写为 wasn't / weren't。比如 She wasn't at home last night. 疑问句:Was / Were + 主语 + 其他?比如 Were you at school yesterday? 【易错】 错误一:否定句和疑问句中仍然用动词过去式。 这是最常犯的错误。很多人会写 He didn't went home. 或者 Did she came? 正确写法应该是 He didn't go home. 和 Did she come? 记住一条铁律:did / didn't 后面永远跟动词原形,原来的动词不能再保留过去式。 错误二:把 be 动词和行为动词混在一起用。 比如 I was go to school. 这是错的,因为 was 是 be 动词,go 是行为动词,不能直接连用。正确表达应该是 I went to school. 错误三:不规则动词按规则加 -ed。 比如 She eated lunch. 这是错的,eat 是不规则动词,过去式是 ate。正确写法是 She ate lunch. 所以常见不规则动词一定要背熟。 【典例破题】 用所给单词的适当形式填空 My family ________ (go) to the beach last weekend. The water ________ (be) cold, but we still ________ (have) a great time. 答案went / was / had 解析:last weekend 是典型过去时间。go 是不规则动词,过去式为 went;water 为单数不可数名词,be 动词用 was;have 的过去式为 had。 【巩固提升】 一.写出下列动词的过去式 答案 1. speak → spoke 2. carry → carried 3. write → wrote 4. stop → stopped 5. fly → flew 6. bring → brought 7. plan → planned 8. swim → swam 9. build → built 二.用所给动词的适当形式填空 1. She ________ (read) an interesting book last night and ________ (stay) up until 11:00. 2. They ________ (not / visit) the museum because it ________ (be) closed on Monday. 3. ________ your sister ________ (make) a cake for your birthday yesterday? 4. We ________ (be) very tired after the long walk, so we ________ (rest) for a while. 5. He ________ (begin) to learn English when he ________ (be) only six years old. 6. I ________ (lose) my keys on my way home, but my friend ________ (find) them later. 7. My parents ________ (not / allow) me to go out at night when I ________ (be) young. 8. She ________ (drive) to the supermarket and ________ (buy) some fruit for her grandmother. 参考答案 1. read / stayed 解析:read 的不规则过去式拼写不变(读音变为 /red/);stay 是规则动词,直接加 -ed。last night 提示用过去时。 2. didn't visit / was 解析:否定句用 didn't + 动词原形,visit 保留原形;it 为单数,be 动词过去式用 was。 3. Did / make 解析:一般疑问句用 Did + 主语 + 动词原形,make 保留原形。yesterday 提示用过去时。 4. were / rested 解析:we 为复数,be 动词过去式用 were;rest 是规则动词,直接加 -ed。 5. began / was 解析:begin 是不规则动词,过去式为 began;he 为单数,be 动词用 was。when he was six 为过去时间状语。 6. lost / found 解析:lose 的过去式为 lost;find 的过去式为 found,均为不规则动词。 7. didn't allow / was 解析:否定句用 didn't + 动词原形,allow 保留原形;I 为单数,be 动词用 was。 8. drove / bought 解析:drive 的过去式为 drove;buy 的过去式为 bought,均为不规则动词。 (二)一般将来时 【知识精讲】 一、核心定义 一般将来时用来谈论尚未发生、即将发生或将来要发生的事情。主要有四种情况。 第1, 表示将来某个时间要发生的动作或存在的状态。 比如:I will visit my grandparents next week. 我下周要去看望爷爷奶奶。 第2, 表示未来的计划、打算或意图。 比如:She is going to study abroad next year. 她打算明年出国留学。 第3, 表示对未来事情的预测或推测,而非主观计划。 比如:It will rain tomorrow. 明天会下雨。这种预测可以基于客观迹象,也可以只是说话人的主观判断。 第4, 表示将来会反复发生的动作或习惯。 比如:We will have a meeting every Monday from next month. 从下个月开始,我们每周一都要开会。 二、常见的将来时间标志词 看到下面这些词,通常要用一般将来时: tomorrow(明天),the day after tomorrow(后天),next week / month / year / Sunday(下周/下个月/明年/下个周日),in + 一段时间(表示“……之后”,如 in two hours,注意它和 after 的区别),soon(很快),later(稍后),in the future(在未来),from now on(从现在起),以及 when / as soon as / after 等引导的时间状语从句中,主句用将来时,从句用一般现在时表将来。 三、两种基本结构的区别与用法 一般将来时主要有两种表达方式:will + 动词原形 和 be going to + 动词原形。它们虽然都表示将来,但用法上有细微差别。 will 的用法: will 是最通用的将来时助动词,所有人称都用 will,没有变形。它主要用于以下几种情况: 一是表示单纯的未来事实或预测,不涉及主观计划。比如 The sun will rise at 6:00 tomorrow.(客观事实预测)。 二是表示说话时临时做出的决定。比如 A:The phone is ringing. B:I will answer it.(B 之前没打算接,是听到铃声后临时决定的)。 三是表示承诺、威胁、提议或请求。比如 I will help you with your homework.(承诺),I will call the police if you don't leave.(威胁),Will you marry me?(请求)。 be going to 的用法: be going to 由 am/is/are + going to + 动词原形构成,更强调“有计划、有准备”。它主要用于以下两种情况: 一是表示事先计划或打算好的事情。比如 I am going to buy a new phone next month.(已经想好了,不是临时决定)。 二是表示有迹象表明将要发生的事情。比如 Look at those dark clouds. It is going to rain.(看到乌云,据此推测)。 核心区别总结: will 更偏向“临时决定、纯粹预测、承诺提议”;be going to 更偏向“事先计划、有迹象的推测”。很多情况下两者可以互换,但不绝对。 四、句型结构 will 结构的句型: 肯定句:主语 + will + 动词原形 + 其他。比如 He will play basketball tomorrow. 否定句:主语 + will not(缩写为 won't)+ 动词原形 + 其他。比如 He won't play basketball tomorrow. 一般疑问句:Will + 主语 + 动词原形 + 其他?比如 Will he play basketball tomorrow? 特殊疑问句:疑问词 + will + 主语 + 动词原形 + 其他?比如 Where will he play basketball? be going to 结构的句型: 肯定句:主语 + am/is/are + going to + 动词原形 + 其他。比如 They are going to play basketball tomorrow. 否定句:主语 + am/is/are + not + going to + 动词原形 + 其他。比如 They aren't going to play basketball tomorrow. 一般疑问句:Am/Is/Are + 主语 + going to + 动词原形 + 其他?比如 Are they going to play basketball tomorrow? 特殊疑问句:疑问词 + am/is/are + 主语 + going to + 动词原形 + 其他?比如 Where are they going to play basketball? 【注意】时间状语从句中的“主将从现”规则 当主句是一般将来时,而从句由 when、as soon as、after、before、until、if 等引导时,从句要用一般现在时来表示将来,而不是用 will。这就是所谓的“主将从现”(主句用将来时,从句用现在时表将来)。 举例说明: I will call you when I arrive. 注意这里不能说 when I will arrive,要用 arrive 一般现在时。 She will clean the room as soon as she gets home. 不能说 as soon as she will get home。 If it rains tomorrow, we will stay at home. 不能说 if it will rain。 这里要特别强调一下,虽然 if 条件句中也用主将从现,但不要和宾语从句中的 if(是否)搞混。如果 if 表示“是否”,后面可以用 will。比如 I don't know if he will come.(这里的 if 是“是否”,不是“如果”,所以可以用 will) 【典例破题】 用所给动词的适当形式填空 We ________ (have) a picnic this Sunday if the weather ________ (be) nice. 答案will have / are going to have ; is 解析:本句包含 if 条件状语从句,主句用将来时,从句用一般现在时表将来,所以 if the weather 后面用 is。主句可以用 will have 或 are going to have 均可(计划好的 picnic)。此题同时考察“主将从现”规则。 【巩固提升】 用所给动词的适当形式填空 1. I ________ (call) you as soon as I ________ (get) home. 2. She ________ (fly) to Paris next Friday. She has already booked the ticket. 3. Look at that little boy! He ________ (fall) off the wall if he ________ (not / be) careful. 4. The meeting ________ (start) at 10:00 tomorrow morning. Don't be late. 5. A: I'm so hungry. B: I ________ (make) you a sandwich. 6. They ________ (move) to a new house next month. They have found a nice one. 7. If we ________ (not / hurry), we ________ (miss) the beginning of the film. 8. I promise I ________ (finish) all my homework before dinner. 9. ________ you ________ (go) shopping with me this afternoon? I need your advice. 10. The bus ________ (arrive) in about five minutes. We'd better get ready. 参考答案 1. will call / get 解析:as soon as 引导时间状语从句,从句用一般现在时表将来(get),主句用 will call。考察“主将从现”。 2. is flying 解析:next Friday 为将来时间,但“已经订好票”说明行程已定、不可更改,用现在进行时表将来(is flying)最恰当,比 will fly 或 is going to fly 更强调“板上钉钉”。 3. is going to fall / isn't careful 解析:Look at... 表示有迹象(站在墙上很危险),用 is going to fall 表示根据迹象推测;if 条件句中用一般现在时表将来,否定为 isn't careful。 4. starts 解析:会议按日程安排开始,用一般现在时表将来。填 starts。 5. will make 解析:B 之前没打算做三明治,是听到 A 说饿了之后临时做出的决定,用 will make。 6. are going to move 解析:next month 为将来时间,“已经找到了好房子”说明这是事先计划好的,用 are going to move 比 will move 更自然。 7. don't hurry / will miss 解析:if 条件句中用一般现在时表将来(don't hurry),主句用将来时(will miss)。考察“主将从现”。 8. will finish 解析:I promise 后面接 will,表示承诺。填 will finish。 9. Will / go 解析:询问对方是否愿意一起去购物,用 will 表示请求/提议。填 Will...go。 10. is arriving / will arrive 解析:in about five minutes 是将来的时间,但“大约五分钟后到达”如果是按时刻表的安排,可以用一般现在时表将来(arrives);但本题给了 is arriving,表示按计划即将到达,现在进行时表将来也可以。两种都算对,参考答案取 is arriving(更强调“即将”),但 will arrive 在语法上也没问题。如果按标准应试,此题填 will arrive 最保险,但这里取更自然的现在进行时表将来 考点二 进行时态(现在进行时、过去进行时) (一)现在进行时 【知识精讲】 一、核心定义 现在进行时用来谈论此时此刻正在发生或一段时间内持续进行的动作。主要有四种情况。 第1, 表示说话此刻正在进行的动作。 比如:I am reading a book right now. 我现在正在看书。She is sleeping at the moment. 她此刻正在睡觉。这是现在进行时最核心、最基本的用法。 第2, 表示现阶段正在进行的动作,但说话时不一定正在进行。 比如:I am learning French this semester. 我这学期在学习法语(但此刻可能没在学)。He is writing a novel these days. 他这些天在写一部小说(但此刻不一定在写)。 第3, 表示将来按计划或安排好的动作,尤其适用于表示位置移动的动词。 比如:We are leaving for Shanghai tomorrow. 我们明天出发去上海。She is coming to see us next week. 她下周要来看我们。这种用法在一般将来时部分已经提到过,现在进行时表将来强调“行程已定、不可更改”。 第4, 表示最近一段时间反复发生的动作,常与 always、constantly、forever 等频率副词连用,带有说话人的感情色彩,如抱怨、赞赏、惊讶等。 比如:He is always losing his keys. 他总是丢钥匙(带有抱怨的语气)。She is constantly helping others. 她总是帮助别人(带有赞赏的语气)。 二、常见的现在进行时标志词 看到下面这些词,通常要考虑用现在进行时: now(现在),right now(此刻),at the moment(此刻),at present(目前),these days(这些天),this week / month / term(本周/本月/本学期),以及 Look! 和 Listen! 这样的祈使句提示。比如 Look! The kids are playing in the garden.(看!孩子们正在花园里玩),Listen! Someone is singing in the next room.(听!有人在隔壁唱歌)。 三、动词现在分词(-ing形式)的变化规则 动词变为现在分词,有明确的规律可循。 1.绝大多数动词直接加 -ing。比如 play→playing,read→reading,talk→talking,go→going。 如果动词以不发音的字母 e 结尾,要去掉 e 再加 -ing。比如 make→making,write→writing,dance→dancing,take→taking。注意,如果 e 发音则不能去掉,比如 see→seeing(e 发音),agree→agreeing(e 发音)。 2.如果动词以重读闭音节结尾,且末尾只有一个辅音字母,要双写这个辅音字母再加 -ing。比如 run→running,swim→swimming,begin→beginning,put→putting,sit→sitting。注意双写的条件有三个:一是重读闭音节,二是末尾只有一个辅音字母,三是这个辅音字母不是 x 或 w。比如 fix→fixing(x 不双写),row→rowing(w 不双写)。 3.如果动词以 ie 结尾,要把 ie 变为 y 再加 -ing。比如 die→dying,lie→lying,tie→tying。这是较少见但容易考到的规则。 4.动词以 y 结尾直接加 -ing,不需要改变 y。比如 study→studying,play→playing,cry→crying。这一点和过去式、三单形式不同,需要特别注意。 四、句型结构 肯定句:主语 + am/is/are + 现在分词 + 其他。比如 He is reading a book now. / They are playing football. 否定句:主语 + am/is/are + not + 现在分词 + 其他。比如 He is not reading a book. / They aren't playing football. 缩写的常见形式有:I'm not,isn't,aren't。 一般疑问句:Am/Is/Are + 主语 + 现在分词 + 其他?比如 Is he reading a book? / Are they playing football? 肯定回答用 Yes,主语 + am/is/are. 否定回答用 No,主语 + am/is/are + not. 特殊疑问句:疑问词 + am/is/are + 主语 + 现在分词 + 其他?比如 What is he reading? / Where are they playing football? 【典例破题】 用所给词的适当形式填空 Listen! Someone ________ (sing) in the next room. It ________ (sound) beautiful.  答案is singing ; sounds 解析:Listen! 是典型的现在进行时信号词,表示此刻正在唱,填 is singing。sound 是感官动词,表示“听起来”,描述当下的状态而非动作,不用进行时,填 sounds。 【巩固提升】 答案 1. write → writing 2. swim → swimming 3. make → making 4. run → running 5. lie → lying 6. study → studying 用所给动词的适当形式填空 1. Where is Tom? He ________ (water) the flowers in the garden. 2. My grandmother ________ (not / feel) well these days. She ________ (see) a doctor tomorrow morning. 3. Look at the kids! They ________ (build) a sandcastle on the beach. 4. The students ________ (prepare) for the school play this month. They ________ (practice) every afternoon. 5. You ________ (always / lose) your keys! Why ________ (you / not / put) them in the same place? 6. I can't answer the phone right now. I ________ (have) a bath. 7. We ________ (move) to a new house next week. We ________ (pack) everything at the moment. 8. Be quiet, please. The teacher ________ (come) in. Everyone ________ (try) to look attentive. 9. She usually ________ (wear) glasses, but today she ________ (wear) contact lenses. 10. I ________ (not / want) to go out because it ________ (rain) heavily outside. 参考答案 1. is watering 解析:Where is Tom? 在询问汤姆此刻在哪,回答他正在花园里浇花,用现在进行时。主语 He 为三单,填 is watering。 2. isn't feeling / is seeing 解析:these days 提示现阶段状态,feel 虽为感官动词,但此处表示“身体状况”这种暂时的感觉,可以用进行时(isn't feeling)。第二空 tomorrow morning 为将来时间,see 表示“约见/看病”,按计划安排好的动作,用现在进行时表将来(is seeing)。 3. are building 解析:Look at... 是现在进行时的典型信号词,表示此刻正在发生。主语 They 为复数,填 are building。 4. are preparing / practice 解析:this month 提示现阶段正在准备,用 are preparing。第二空 every afternoon 提示规律性重复动作,用一般现在时 practice(主语 They 为复数,用原形)。此题考察现在进行时和一般现在时的混合使用。 5. are always losing / don't you put 解析:always 与进行时连用,表示反复发生的动作并带有抱怨情绪,填 are always losing。第二空是询问“你为什么不把它们放在同一个地方”,这是一个一般现在时的疑问句,主语 you 用 do,否定疑问为 don't you put。 6. am having 解析:right now 提示此刻正在发生,have 在此表示“洗澡”,是动作动词而非状态动词,可以用进行时。填 am having。 7. are moving / are packing 解析:next week 为将来时间,move 表示搬家,是按计划好的动作,用现在进行时表将来(are moving)。at the moment 提示此刻正在打包,用 are packing。 8. is coming / is trying 解析:Be quiet 提示此刻正在发生,come 为位置移动动词,表示“正走进来”,用进行时。everyone 为单数,填 is coming;第二空 is trying 表示大家此刻都在努力表现得专注。 9. wears / is wearing 解析:usually 提示习惯性动作用一般现在时,主语 She 为三单,填 wears。today 表示今天这次是例外,用现在进行时 is wearing。 10. don't want / is raining 解析:want 是状态动词(表示“想要”),不用进行时,填 don't want。outside 提示此刻外面正在下雨,用 is raining。 (二)过去进行时 【知识精讲】 一.核心定义 过去进行时用来谈论过去某个特定时刻或时间段正在进行的动作。主要有四种情况。 第1, 表示过去某一时刻正在进行的动作。 比如:I was reading a book at 8:00 last night. 昨晚八点我正在看书。She was sleeping when I called her. 我给她打电话时她正在睡觉。这是过去进行时最核心的用法。 第2, 表示过去某一段时间内持续进行的动作,但动作可能在这段时间内断断续续,不一定每时每刻都在进行。 比如:I was studying in London from 2015 to 2018. 2015 年到 2018 年我在伦敦学习(那段时间在学,但不一定每分每秒都在学)。They were building a new bridge last year. 他们去年在建造一座新桥。 第3, 表示过去两个动作同时进行。常与 while 连用。 比如:While I was cooking, my husband was cleaning the room. 我在做饭的时候,我丈夫在打扫房间。两个动作同时在持续进行。 第4, 表示过去反复发生的动作,带有说话人的感情色彩(如抱怨、不满、赞赏等),常与 always、constantly、forever 等副词连用。 比如:He was always losing his keys when he was young. 他年轻时老是丢钥匙(抱怨)。She was constantly helping others in those days. 那些日子里她总是帮助别人(赞赏)。 二、常见的过去进行时标志词 看到下面这些词或结构,通常要考虑用过去进行时: at that time / at that moment(在那时),at 8:00 last night(昨晚八点),at this time yesterday(昨天的这个时候),from...to... 表示过去的一段时间,when 引导的时间状语从句(从句用一般过去时,主句用过去进行时表示“正在做……这时突然……”),while 引导的时间状语从句(通常用过去进行时表示持续的背景动作)。 【注意】 when 和 while 的区别: when 后面一般接短暂性动词(用一般过去时),表示“突然发生”; while 后面一般接延续性动词(用过去进行时),表示“在……期间”。 比如: I was watching TV when the phone rang.(电话铃响的时候我正在看电视——电话铃是突然的短暂动作,用一般过去时;看电视是持续的背景动作,用过去进行时)。 While I was watching TV, my mother was cooking.(我看电视的时候,我妈妈在做饭——两个动作都在持续,都用过去进行时)。 三、句型结构 肯定句:主语 + was/were + 现在分词 + 其他。比如:He was reading a book at that time. / They were playing football yesterday afternoon. 否定句:主语 + was/were + not + 现在分词 + 其他。比如:He was not reading a book. / They weren't playing football. 缩写形式:wasn't / weren't。 一般疑问句:Was/Were + 主语 + 现在分词 + 其他?比如:Was he reading a book? / Were they playing football? 肯定回答用 Yes,主语 + was/were. 否定回答用 No,主语 + was/were + not. 特殊疑问句:疑问词 + was/were + 主语 + 现在分词 + 其他?比如:What was he reading? / Where were they playing football? 【典例破题】 They ________ (not / play) football at 4:00 yesterday afternoon. They ________ (have) a music class. 答案weren't playing / were having 解析:at 4:00 yesterday afternoon 是具体的过去时刻,强调当时正在做什么。否定句用 weren't playing;后面并列的动作也用过去进行时 were having。 【巩固提升】 用所给动词的适当形式填空 1. I ________ (read) a book at 8:00 last night. 2. She ________ (cook) dinner when I ________ (call) her. 3. They ________ (play) basketball on the playground at that time. 4. My father ________ (watch) TV while my mother ________ (clean) the room. 5. We ________ (not / have) class at 3:00 yesterday afternoon. 6. ________ he ________ (do) his homework when you ________ (see) him? 7. The kids ________ (swim) in the pool at 10:00 yesterday morning. 8. While I ________ (walk) to school, I ________ (meet) my friend Lily. 9. She ________ (write) a letter at this time yesterday. 10. They ________ (not / sleep) when their parents ________ (come) back home. 参考答案 1. was reading 解析:at 8:00 last night 是具体的过去时间点,表示“昨晚八点正在看书”。主语 I 用 was。 2. was cooking / called 解析:when 后面用一般过去时 called 表示“(突然)打电话”;主句用过去进行时 was cooking 表示“正在做饭”这个背景动作。 3. were playing 解析:at that time 表示“在那时”,是典型过去进行时标志词。主语 They 为复数,用 were。 4. was watching / was cleaning 解析:while 表示两个动作同时进行,爸爸看电视和妈妈打扫房间同时发生,都用过去进行时。主语均为单数,用 was。 5. weren't having 解析:at 3:00 yesterday afternoon 是具体过去时间点,否定句在 were 后加 not(缩写为 weren't)。填 weren't having。 6. Was / doing / saw 解析:疑问句把 Was 提前;when 后面用一般过去时 saw(看见),表示“你看见他的时候”。 7. were swimming 解析:at 10:00 yesterday morning 是具体过去时间点,主语 The kids 为复数,用 were swimming。 8. was walking / met 解析:while 后面用过去进行时表示持续背景(正在走路),主句用一般过去时 met 表示过去发生的动作(遇到了)。 9. was writing 解析:at this time yesterday 是典型过去进行时标志词,表示“昨天的这个时候正在写”。主语 She 用 was。 10. weren't sleeping / came 解析:否定句用 weren't sleeping;when 后面用一般过去时 came(回来),表示“当父母回来时”。句意:父母回来时他们没在睡觉。 考点三 完成时态(现在完成时) 现在完成时 【知识精讲】 一、核心定义 现在完成时是英语时态中比较复杂的一个,它虽然叫“现在”完成时,但讲的是过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响或与现在的联系。它连接过去和现在,强调的是“现在的结果”或“到目前为止的经历”,而不是动作本身发生在何时。主要有四种情况。 第1, 表示过去发生的动作对现在造成了影响或产生了结果,强调“现在已经完成了”或“结果还在”。 比如:I have lost my keys. 我把钥匙弄丢了。(强调现在还没找到,所以进不去门)。She has finished her homework. 她已经做完作业了。(强调现在作业是完成的状态,可以出去玩)。这种用法不关心动作具体发生在什么时候,只关心现在的结果。 第2, 表示从过去一直持续到现在的动作或状态,常与 for 或 since 连用。 比如:I have lived here for ten years. 我已经在这里住了十年了。(从十年前住到现在,可能还会继续住下去)。She has studied English since 2018. 她从 2018 年起就一直在学英语。(学到现在)。这种用法中的动词通常是延续性动词(live、study、know 等),不能是短暂动词(come、go、die 等)。 第3, 表示到目前为止的经历或经验,常与 ever、never、before、once、twice、several times 等连用。 比如:Have you ever been to Beijing? 你去过北京吗?(询问人生经历)。I have never seen such a beautiful sunset. 我从未见过这么美的日落。(到目前为止的经历)。She has read this book three times. 她已经读了三遍这本书了。 第4, 表示到现在为止尚未完成或还未发生的事情,多用于否定句,常与 yet、just、already 等连用。 比如:I haven't finished my report yet. 我还没完成我的报告。She has already arrived. 她已经到了。 二、常见的现在完成时标志词 现在完成时有很多特有的标志词,看到这些词通常要用现在完成时。 already(已经),用于肯定句,常放在 have/has 和过去分词之间。比如 I have already eaten. yet(已经/还未),用于否定句和疑问句,常放在句末。比如 Have you finished yet? / I haven't seen him yet. just(刚刚),表示“刚刚完成”,常放在 have/has 和过去分词之间。比如 He has just left. ever(曾经),用于疑问句中询问经历。比如 Have you ever been to London? never(从未),用于否定表示经历。比如 I have never tried sushi. before(以前),用于句末。比如 I have seen this movie before. once / twice / three times(一次/两次/三次),表示做某事的次数。比如 I have visited Paris twice. for + 时间段(for two years / for a long time),表示持续了多久。 since + 过去时间点(since 2018 / since last week / since I was young),表示从那时起一直到现在。 so far / up to now / until now(到目前为止),表示截止到现在的累计情况。比如 So far, I have learned 500 English words. recently / lately(最近),表示近期发生的事。比如 I have seen her recently. in the past/last few years(在过去的几年里),表示从过去到现在这段时间内发生的事。比如 He has changed a lot in the past few years. 三、句型结构 肯定句:主语 + have/has + 过去分词 + 其他。比如:He has finished his work. / They have arrived. 否定句:主语 + have/has + not + 过去分词 + 其他。have not 缩写为 haven't,has not 缩写为 hasn't。比如:He hasn't finished his work. / They haven't arrived. 一般疑问句:Have/Has + 主语 + 过去分词 + 其他?比如:Has he finished his work? / Have they arrived? 肯定回答用 Yes,主语 + have/has. 否定回答用 No,主语 + have/has + not. 特殊疑问句:疑问词 + have/has + 主语 + 过去分词 + 其他?比如:What has he done? / Where have they been? 四、过去分词的变化规则 现在完成时的核心是“have/has + 过去分词”。过去分词分为规则变化和不规则变化两类。 规则动词的过去分词: 和过去式的变化规则完全一样。 一般动词直接加 -ed。比如 work→worked,play→played。 以字母 e 结尾的动词直接加 -d。比如 like→liked,live→lived。 以“辅音字母 + y”结尾的动词,变 y 为 i 加 -ed。比如 study→studied,cry→cried。 以重读闭音节结尾且末尾只有一个辅音字母的动词,双写末尾辅音字母加 -ed。比如 stop→stopped,plan→planned。 不规则动词的过去分词: 需要单独记忆,这是学习现在完成时的重点和难点。 一部分不规则动词的过去式和过去分词相同。比如 buy→bought→bought,bring→brought→brought,teach→taught→taught,think→thought→thought,build→built→built,send→sent→sent,meet→met→met,leave→left→left,lose→lost→lost,get→got→got(美式英语中也用 gotten)。 另一部分不规则动词的过去式和过去分词不同。比如 go→went→gone,see→saw→seen,do→did→done,eat→ate→eaten,write→wrote→written,drink→drank→drunk,give→gave→given,take→took→taken,speak→spoke→spoken,break→broke→broken,choose→chose→chosen,drive→drove→driven,fly→flew→flown,wear→wore→worn。 还有一部分动词的过去式、过去分词和原形完全相同。比如 put→put→put,set→set→set,cut→cut→cut, 【注意】现在完成时和一般过去时的核心区别 第一,看是否强调对现在的影响。 现在完成时强调过去的动作和现在有联系,关注的是“现在的结果”;一般过去时只陈述过去发生的事情,和现在没有直接联系,关注的是“过去的事实”。 对比两组例子:I have lost my keys.(现在完成时:强调钥匙现在还没找到,所以进不了门,对现在有影响)。I lost my keys yesterday.(一般过去时:只说明昨天丢了钥匙,不关心现在有没有找到,也许现在已经找到了)。 She has finished her homework.(现在完成时:强调现在作业已经做完了,可以出去玩了)。She finished her homework at 7:00.(一般过去时:只说明七点完成了作业,是一个过去的事实)。 第二,看时间状语。 现在完成时不能和具体的过去时间状语连用,比如 yesterday、last week、in 2018、three days ago。这些词只能和一般过去时连用。 现在完成时通常和 already、yet、just、ever、never、before、once、twice、for、since、so far 等连用。 举例:I have seen this movie.(现在完成时,没有具体过去时间)。I saw this movie last year.(一般过去时,有具体过去时间 last year)。 She has been to London.(现在完成时,没有具体过去时间,只谈经历)。She went to London in 2019.(一般过去时,有具体时间 in 2019)。 五、for 和 since 的用法 for 和 since 都表示“持续了多久”,但用法不同。 for + 时间段: 表示动作持续了多长时间。比如 for two years(两年),for a long time(很久),for three hours(三小时),for ages(很久很久)。例句:I have lived here for ten years. 我在这儿住了十年了。 since + 过去时间点: 表示从过去某个时间点开始一直到现在。比如 since 2018(从 2018 年起),since last week(从上周起),since yesterday(从昨天起),since I was a child(从我小时候起),since two o'clock(从两点起)。例句:I have lived here since 2018. 我从 2018 年起就住在这儿了。 核心区别: for 后面接“时间段”(持续时间),since 后面接“时间点”(起始时间)。不能把 for 和 since 用混。 注意: 在现在完成时中,for 和 since 引导的时间状语都表示“动作从过去一直持续到现在”,所以动词必须是延续性动词(如 live、work、study、know、stay 等),不能用短暂动词(如 come、go、die、leave、buy 等)。 【典例破题】 I ________ (finish) my homework already. I can go out to play now. 答案have finished 解析:already 是现在完成时的标志词,用于肯定句中,放在 have/has 和过去分词之间。主语 I 用 have,finish 的过去分词为 finished(规则变化直接加 -ed)。 【巩固提升】 用所给动词的适当形式填空 1. She ________ (not / finish) her project yet, so she can't go to the cinema with us. 2. She ________ (not / eat) anything since breakfast. 3. ________ you ever ________ (visit) the Great Wall? 4. They ________ (live) in this city for over ten years. 5. My brother ________ (just / buy) a new bike. Look! It's so cool. 6. He ________ (be) to Japan twice, so he knows a lot about Japanese culture. 7. I ________ (not / see) that movie yet. Is it good? 8. Where is your mother? She ________ (go) to the supermarket to buy some vegetables. 9. We ________ (know) each other since we ________ (meet) at the summer camp. 10. She ________ (borrow) this book from the library last week, so she ________ (keep) it for about seven days. 参考答案 1. hasn't finished 解析:yet 在否定句中表示“还未”,放在句末。主语 She 用 has,否定为 hasn't,finish 的过去分词为 finished(规则变化,直接加 -ed)。句意:她还没完成她的项目,所以不能和我们去看电影了。 2. hasn't eaten 解析:since breakfast 表示“从早餐起一直到现在”,用现在完成时。主语 She 用 has,否定为 hasn't,eat 的过去分词为 eaten(不规则 eat→ate→eaten)。 3. Have / visited 解析:ever 用于疑问句中询问“曾经”的经历,用现在完成时。主语 you 用 Have,visit 的过去分词为 visited(规则变化)。 4. have lived 解析:for over ten years 表示“持续了十多年”,动作从过去持续到现在。主语 They 为复数,用 have lived(live 规则变化,直接加 -d)。 5. has just bought 解析:just 表示“刚刚”,放在 have/has 和过去分词之间。主语 My brother 为单数,用 has,buy 的过去分词为 bought(不规则 buy→bought→bought)。 6. has been 解析:twice 表示“去过两次”,用 have been to + 地点表示“去过某地(已回来)”。主语 He 用 has been,be 的过去分词为 been。 7. haven't seen 解析:yet 在否定句中表示“还未”,放在句末。主语 I 用 have,否定为 haven't,see 的过去分词为 seen(不规则 see→saw→seen)。 8. has gone 解析:问“你妈妈在哪儿?”回答她去超市了(人不在说话人这里),用 has gone to 表示“已经去了,还没回来”。主语 She 用 has gone。 9. have known / met 解析:since 引导时间状语从句,主句用现在完成时 have known(know 的过去分词为 known,不规则);从句中用一般过去时 met(meet 的过去式为 met,不规则)。since we met at the summer camp 表示“自从我们在夏令营认识以来”。 10. borrowed / has kept 解析:第一空 last week 是具体过去时间状语,用一般过去时 borrowed(borrow 规则变化)。第二空“已经保留了大约七天”强调从借来到现在持续的时长,用现在完成时 has kept(keep 的过去分词为 kept,不规则),主语 She 用 has。注意 borrow 是短暂动词,不能和 for about seven days 连用,所以第二空用延续性动词 keep 替代。 一.用所给动词的适当形式填空 1. My sister ________ (watch) TV every evening after dinner. 2. Listen! The birds ________ (sing) in the tree outside. 3. We ________ (visit) our grandparents last weekend. 4. She ________ (not / finish) her homework yet, so she can't go out. 5. They ________ (play) football on the playground at 4:00 yesterday afternoon. 6. I ________ (call) you as soon as I ________ (get) to the station tomorrow. 7. My father usually ________ (drive) to work, but today he ________ (take) the bus because his car is broken. 8. When I ________ (walk) into the classroom, the teacher ________ (write) something on the blackboard. 9. He ________ (be) to Shanghai twice, and he ________ (go) there again next month. 10. We ________ (know) each other since we ________ (be) in primary school. We ________ (be) good friends for over ten years now. 参考答案 1. watches 解析:every evening 表示习惯性动作,用一般现在时。主语 My sister 为三单,watch 加 -es → watches。 2. are singing 解析:Listen! 是典型信号词,表示此刻正在唱歌,用现在进行时。主语 The birds 为复数,填 are singing。 3. visited 解析:last weekend 为具体过去时间,用一般过去时。visit 为规则动词,直接加 -ed → visited。 4. hasn't finished 解析:yet 在否定句中表示“还未”,用现在完成时。主语 She 用 has,否定为 hasn't,finish 的过去分词为 finished(规则变化)。填 hasn't finished。 5. were playing 解析:at 4:00 yesterday afternoon 是具体的过去时刻,强调当时正在进行的动作,用过去进行时。主语 They 为复数,填 were playing。 6. will call / get 解析:tomorrow 为将来时间,as soon as 引导时间状语从句,主句用一般将来时(will call),从句用一般现在时表将来(get)。考察“主将从现”规则。 7. drives / is taking 解析:usually 提示习惯性动作,用一般现在时 drives(主语 My father 为三单)。today 表示今天的例外情况,用现在进行时 is taking(此刻正在乘公交)。 8. walked / was writing 解析:walk into 表示“走进”,是短暂动词,用一般过去时 walked;when 表示“当……时”,主句用过去进行时 was writing,表示老师正在黑板上写东西(持续背景动作)。 9. has been / is going 解析:第一空 twice 表示“去过两次”,用现在完成时 has been(have been to 表示“去过已回来”)。第二空 next month 为将来时间,且为计划好的安排,可用现在进行时表将来(is going),也可用 will go,参考答案取 is going。 10. have known / were / have been 解析:第一空 since we were in primary school 表示“从小学起一直到现在”,主句用现在完成时 have known(know 的过去分词为 known)。第二空 since 引导的从句用一般过去时 were。第三空 for over ten years 表示“持续了十多年”,用现在完成时 have been。 二、单项选择 1. (2024夏)This online course ______, but you can still access and use the original version. A. has updated B. had updated C. has been updated D. had been updated 2. (2024春)The fence between the two tennis courts ______. Soon children will have enough space for football games. A. are removed B. is to be removed C. were to be removed D. was being removed 3. (2023夏)The wooden tower that ______ will be open to tourists soon, and the work is almost finished. A. is being restored B. is restored C. is restoring D. restores 4. (2023夏) The number of people using the Internet to make purchase ______ dramatically over the last ten years. A. is rising B. are rising C. has risen D. have risen 5. (2023春)Human impact on the animal kingdom, such as hunting and destruction of habitats, ______ a reduction in the population of certain species in the past three decades. A. has caused B. have caused C. was causing D. were causing 6. (2022夏)Food and medical supplies _______ to all the residents after the hurricane last Sunday. A. distribute B. distributed C. are distributed D. were distributed 7. (2022夏)Critical reasoning, together with problem-solving, ______ teenagers to make better decisions. A. prepare B. prepares C. is preparing D. are preparing 8. (2021春)Currently, about 35,000 works ________ in over 300 rooms in the Louvre, and it would take a lifetime to see everything. A. were displaying B. are displaying C. were being displayed D. are being displayed 9. (2025夏) Deng Jiaxian was one of the 23 scientists who ______ awarded for their extraordinary contributions to China’s “two bombs, one satellite” project. A. was B. were C. has D. have 10.(2025夏)The Song Dynasty ______ the introduction of jiaozi, which is supposedly the world’s first paper money. A. has seen B. had seen C. sees D. saw 答案 1. C. has been updated 解析:主语This online course与update为被动关系;根据后文“但你现在仍然可以访问并使用原始版本”可知,课程目前已完成更新,强调对现在的影响,用现在完成时的被动语态。  2. B. is to be removed 解析:主语The fence与remove为被动关系;根据后文Soon children will have enough space(很快孩子们就有足够空间了)可知拆除还未发生,用“be to do”表示按计划将要发生,且为被动。  3. A. is being restored 解析:主语The wooden tower与restore为被动关系;根据后文the work is almost finished(修复工作几乎完成了)可知修复工程目前正在进行中,用现在进行时的被动语态。  4. C. has risen 解析:主语The number of people为单数,排除B和D;over the last ten years表示“在过去的十年里”,与现在完成时连用,选has risen。注意:the number of + 复数名词作主语时,谓语用单数。  5. A. has caused 解析:主语Human impact是单数(核心词impact),排除B和D;in the past three decades表示“在过去的三十年里”,与现在完成时连用,选has caused。注意:such as hunting and destruction of habitats是插入语,不影响谓语单复数。  6. D. were distributed 解析:主语Food and medical supplies与distribute为被动关系;last Sunday为具体过去时间,用一般过去时的被动语态,选were distributed。主语为复数,用were。  7. B. prepares 解析:主语Critical reasoning是单数,together with problem-solving是插入语,不影响谓语单数;描述客观事实(批判性推理帮助青少年做更好的决定),用一般现在时,选prepares。  8. D. are being displayed 解析:主语about 35,000 works与display为被动关系;Currently意为“目前”,表示现阶段正在发生的动作,用现在进行时的被动语态,选are being displayed。  9. B. were 解析:关系代词who指代先行词scientists(复数),定语从句的谓语用复数,排除A和C;awarded是过去分词,此处为被动语态were awarded,选were。  10. D. saw 解析:The Song Dynasty(宋朝)是过去的历史时期,描述过去发生的事实,用一般过去时saw。see在此表示“见证/经历”,是拟人化用法。 / 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 $

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专题01 动词时空密码速通(时态考点全解析)(暑假复习讲义)新高一英语外研版
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专题01 动词时空密码速通(时态考点全解析)(暑假复习讲义)新高一英语外研版
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