专题02 动词时态和语态复习（寒假复习讲义）高一英语外研版

专题02 动词时态和语态 知 识 精 讲 考点一：过去时态 时态 用法 一般过去时 1．表示过去一段时间内经常性或习惯性的动作。常与often, usually, seldom 等表示频度的副词连用。还可以表示在过去某一时间所发生的动作或存在的状态，与现在没有关系，常与yesterday, the other day, last week, the day before yesterday等过去的时间状语连用。 2. 有些句子，虽然没有明确的表示过去的时间状语，但实际上指的是过去发生的动作或状态，也要用一般过去时。常见的此类动词有know, think, expect, want等。 过去进行时 1．表示过去某一时刻或某一段时间内正在进行的动作，常与表示过去的时间状语从句以及时间状语at that time, at that moment, at this time yesterday, at ten o’clock yesterday等连用。 2．表示一个过去的动作正在进行时，另一个过去的动作发生了，常与when, while引导的时间状语从句连用。 3. 表示过去的一段时间内持续进行的动作，用过去进行时。 过去完成时 1．表示在过去某一时间或某一动作之前完成的动作或存在的状态，即过去的过去。句中一般有明确的表示“过去的过去”的时间状语(从句)。但在语法填空题中很多时候需要通过上下文来判断。 2．表示从过去某一时间开始，一直延续到过去的另一时间的动作或状态，常用的时间状语有before, by then, by that time, by the end of, by the time＋从句等。 ◆考点跟踪练习◆ 请用括号内动词的适当形式填空。 【Group 1】 （改编自新课标地区模拟题） 1. When the firemen arrived, the big fire ________ (put out) by the local people. 答案：had been put out 解析：时间状语 when the firemen arrived 为一般过去时，“大火被扑灭” 发生在 “消防员到达” 之前，是过去的过去，且主语和动词是被动关系，用过去完成时的被动语态。 2. My cousin ________ (prepare) for the college entrance examination when I called him last night. 答案：was preparing 解析：when I called him last night 表示 “打电话的瞬间，另一个动作正在进行”，用过去进行时表过去正在发生的动作。 3. She ________ (not, reply) to my letter until she received a second one from me three months later. 答案：didn’t reply 解析：时间状语 three months later 结合 received（一般过去时），强调过去发生的动作，用一般过去时的否定形式。 4. By the end of 2023, the old couple ________ (live) in this small town for 50 years. 答案：had lived 解析：by the end of 2023 是过去完成时的标志性时间状语，强调动作在过去某一时间点前已持续完成，用过去完成时。 5. The teacher asked the students if they ________ (finish) reading the text before class. 答案：had finished 解析：宾语从句中，“读完课文” 发生在 asked（询问）之前，属于过去的过去，用过去完成时。 6. What ________ your father ________ (do) at 7:00 yesterday morning? He was usually at the gym at that time. 答案：was; doing 解析：at 7:00 yesterday morning 是过去具体时刻，用于询问过去某一时刻正在进行的动作，用过去进行时。 7. He ________ (work) as a volunteer in the community for two years before he went abroad for further study. 答案：had worked 解析：before he went abroad 表示 “出国前”，“做志愿者” 的动作发生在过去的过去，用过去完成时。 8. The students ________ (discuss) the coming sports meeting when the headmaster walked into the classroom. 答案：were discussing 解析：when the headmaster walked in 表示 “校长进来时，学生们正在讨论”，用过去进行时表过去正在进行的动作。 9. -- Why didn’t you come to the concert last night? -- Sorry, I ________ (take) care of my sick grandmother at home. 答案：was taking 解析：语境暗示 “音乐会举办时，正在照顾奶奶”，强调过去某段时间正在进行的动作，用过去进行时。 10. They ________ (collect) old books for the children in the mountain area the whole afternoon last Saturday. 答案：were collecting 解析：the whole afternoon last Saturday 表示过去的一段时间内持续进行的动作，用过去进行时。 【Group 2】 （改编自山东、天津等新高考地区模拟题） 1. By the time we got to the concert hall, the singer ________ (start) singing already. 答案：had started 解析：by the time we got to... 表示 “到达时，动作已完成”，“歌手开始演唱” 发生在 “到达” 之前，是过去的过去，用过去完成时。 2. My mother ________ (wash) clothes when the sudden rain began to beat against the window. 答案：was washing 解析：when the sudden rain began 表示 “下雨的瞬间，妈妈正在洗衣服”，用过去进行时表过去正在进行的动作。 3. The little boy ________ (break) his toy car accidentally and cried loudly. 答案：broke 解析：and cried loudly 表明两个并列的过去动作，“弄坏玩具车” 是过去发生的瞬间动作，用一般过去时。 4. We ________ (not, see) each other since we graduated from high school until we met in the park last week. 答案：hadn’t seen 解析：since we graduated... until we met last week 表示 “毕业到上周见面前都没见过”，动作发生在过去的过去，用过去完成时的否定形式。 5. --What a noisy room! -- Oh, the children ________ (play) hide-and-seek here at this time yesterday. 答案：were playing 解析：at this time yesterday 是过去进行时的标志词，强调过去同一时刻正在进行的动作，用过去进行时。 6. He told me that he ________ (visit) the Palace Museum three times before 2024. 答案：had visited 解析：宾语从句中，“参观故宫” 发生在 told（告诉）之前，且有时间状语 before 2024，用过去完成时。 7. The workers ________ (repair) the road in our neighborhood last month, but we don’t know if it’s open now. 答案：were repairing 解析：last month 是过去的时间段，后句提示 “不知道现在是否通车”，说明 “修路” 是过去持续进行的动作，用过去进行时。 8. She found that she ________ (leave) her laptop in the café after she got back to the office. 答案：had left 解析：“把笔记本电脑落在咖啡馆” 发生在 found（发现）之前，是过去的过去，用过去完成时。 9. While my brother ________ (play) the piano, I was reading a novel in the same room. 答案：was playing 解析：while 引导的时间状语从句，强调两个过去的动作同时进行，“弹钢琴” 和 “看小说” 同步发生，用过去进行时。 10. The movie ________ (be) on for 15 minutes when we finally got into the cinema. 答案：had been 解析：for 15 minutes 表示动作持续的时间，“电影开始播放” 发生在 got into the cinema 之前，且 be on 是延续性动词短语，用过去完成时。 考点二：现在时态 时态 用法 一般现在时 1．表示经常发生的、习惯性的、反复出现的动作或状态。常与表示习惯的副词(词组)always, every time, now and then, occasionally, often, seldom, never, sometimes, usually, every day/night等连用。 2．按时间表、时刻表、日程表等安排将要发生的动作，用一般现在时。只限于go, arrive, leave, start, stay, return, begin, come, close等动词。 3．如果主句用一般将来时，那么在时间、条件或让步状语从句中，用一般现在时表示将来，即“主将从现”。 现在进行时 1．表示说话时正在进行或表示现阶段正在进行的动作，虽然此时此刻该动作不一定正在进行。 2．表示位置转移的动词，如go, come, leave, start, arrive, return, work, sleep, stay, have, wear, run out等，可用现在进行时表示即将发生或计划要做的事。 现在完成时 1．表示发生在过去的动作或存在的状态到说话时刚刚完成或结束，而对现在仍有影响。常用的时间状语有already, just, yet, never, before, lately, recently, in the last(past) few days/years, up to now, till now, so far等。 2．表示从过去某时开始而延续至今(可能还要延续下去)的动作或状态。常与since＋时间点， for＋时间段等表示一段时间的状语连用。 3．在条件和时间状语从句中，用现在完成时表示将来某时间前已完成的动作。 现在完成 进行时 1．表示过去某一时刻之前开始的动作或产生的状态一直延续到现在，并有可能继续下去，常见的时间状语有all this morning, this month, these few days, since和for引导的状语从句等。 2．所表示的动作有时并不是一直在不停地进行，而是在断断续续地重复。 ◆考点跟踪练习◆ 请用括号内动词的适当形式填空。 【Group 1】 （改编自新课标地区模拟题） 1. Water ________ (boil) at 100 degrees Celsius under standard atmospheric pressure. 答案：boils 解析：描述客观真理、自然规律，用一般现在时；主语 water 是不可数名词，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。 2. Be quiet! The students ________ (have) an English listening test in the classroom now. 答案：are having 解析：时间标志词 now 和祈使句 Be quiet! 暗示动作正在进行，用现在进行时；主语 students 是复数，be 动词用 are。 3. My parents ________ (live) in this city since they got married 30 years ago. 答案：have lived 解析：时间标志词 since（自从），强调动作从过去持续到现在，用现在完成时；主语 parents 是复数，谓语动词用原形。 4. -- Why are your clothes so wet? -- I ________ (water) the flowers in the garden all the morning. 答案：have been watering 解析：时间标志词 all the morning 和语境 “衣服湿透”，强调动作从过去开始持续到现在，且可能仍在进行，用现在完成进行时。 5. She usually ________ (take) a walk after dinner, but today she is too tired to go out. 答案：takes 解析：频率副词 usually 表示习惯性动作，用一般现在时；主语 she 是第三人称单数，谓语动词用 takes。 6. The little girl ________ (read) three storybooks this week, and she wants to buy a new one tomorrow. 答案：has read 解析：时间标志词 this week（本周，动作已完成），强调过去的动作对现在的影响，用现在完成时；主语 girl 是单数，用 has read。 7. Look! The workers ________ (build) a new playground in our school. It will be finished next month. 答案：are building 解析：Look 是现在进行时的标志词，暗示动作正在进行，用现在完成进行时也可，此处侧重 “正在建” 的状态，用现在进行时更贴切；主语 workers 是复数，be 动词用 are。 8. Mr. Green ________ (teach) English in this school for 15 years, and he loves every student here. 答案：has taught / has been teaching 解析：时间标志词 for 15 years，既可以用现在完成时（强调动作持续的结果），也可以用现在完成进行时（强调动作持续的过程），两种形式均正确。 9. This kind of mobile phone ________ (sell) well because of its low price and high quality. 答案：sells 解析：表示主语的属性、特征（sell well 畅销），用一般现在时；主语 this kind of mobile phone 是单数，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。 10. -- How long ________ you ________ (learn) Chinese? -- For about four years. I still need to practice more. 答案：have; been learning 解析：How long 询问动作持续的时间，且语境暗示 “学习中文” 的动作从过去持续到现在，还将继续，用现在完成进行时更强调持续的过程。 【Group 2】 （改编自山东、天津等新高考地区模拟题） 1. The earth ________ (go) around the sun. This is a basic scientific fact. 答案：goes 解析：描述客观真理，用一般现在时；主语 the earth 是单数名词，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。 2. -- Where is your sister? -- She ________ (prepare) for her coming dance competition in her room. 答案：is preparing 解析：问句询问 “现在在哪里”，暗示动作正在进行，用现在进行时；主语 she 是单数，be 动词用 is。 3. We ________ (not, hear) from our pen pal since she moved to Canada last year. 答案：haven’t heard 解析：时间标志词 since，且句子为否定句，强调从过去到现在没有收到消息，用现在完成时的否定形式；主语 we 是复数，用 haven’t heard。 4. The boys ________ (play) basketball on the playground for two hours, but they don’t want to stop. 答案：have been playing 解析：时间标志词 for two hours 和语境 “不想停下来”，强调动作持续进行且可能继续，用现在完成进行时。 5. My grandfather ________ (drink) a cup of tea every morning. It’s his daily habit. 答案：drinks 解析：频率副词 every morning 表示习惯性动作，用一般现在时；主语 grandfather 是单数，谓语动词用 drinks。 6. So far, our class ________ (collect) more than 500 books for the children in the mountain area. 答案：has collected 解析：时间标志词 so far（到目前为止），强调动作的累计结果，用现在完成时；主语 our class 是单数，用 has collected。 7. Listen! Someone ________ (sing) a beautiful song in the music room. Who is it? 答案：is singing 解析：Listen 是现在进行时的标志词，暗示动作正在发生，用现在进行时；主语 someone 是不定代词，视为单数，be 动词用 is。 8. She ________ (write) emails to her foreign friends all afternoon, and she still has two more to finish. 答案：has been writing 解析：时间标志词 all afternoon 和语境 “还有两封没写完”，强调动作持续进行，用现在完成进行时。 9. If it ________ (rain) tomorrow, we will cancel the school trip to the museum. 答案：rains 解析：if 引导的条件状语从句，遵循 “主将从现” 原则，从句用一般现在时表将来；主语 it 是单数，谓语动词用 rains。 10. -- Why does your brother know so much about space? -- Because he ________ (read) books about space since he was a child. 答案：has been reading / has read 解析：时间标志词 since，强调 “从小读太空相关书籍” 的动作持续到现在，用现在完成进行时（侧重过程）或现在完成时（侧重结果）均可。 考点三：将来时态 时态 用法 一般将来时 1．“shall/will＋动词原形”表示现在看来以后要发生的动作或存在的状态，常与表示将来的时间状语tomorrow, next year, in＋一段时间等连用。其中shall通常用于第一人称，will通常用于各种人称。“will＋动词原形”还可以表示说话时临时做出的决定。 2．“be going to＋动词原形”表示按计划、打算要做某事或根据某种迹象预示着要发生某事。 3．“be to＋动词原形”表示按计划或安排即将发生的动作；也可表示职责、义务、意图、禁止等。 4．“be about to＋动词原形”表示正要或即将要做某事，该结构不与表示具体的将来时间状语连用，可以和并列连词when(＝and at this/that time)引导的从句连用。 将来进行时 表示将来某一时刻或某一时间段正在发生或进行的动作，常与一些标志性的时间状语连用，如at this time tomorrow, by then, from 1：30 to 4：30 tomorrow等。 ★特别提醒★常使用完成时的句型 (1)This/It/That is the first/...time＋that sb.has/have done； This/It/That was the first/...time＋that sb.had done 这是某人第几次做某事。 (2)It/This is/was the＋最高级＋名词＋(that)定语从句，从句中的谓语用完成时。 (3)It is/has been＋一段时间＋since sb.did； It was/had been＋一段时间＋since sb.had done sth.自从某人做某事以来多久了。 (4)hardly/scarcely...when.../no sooner...than... 一……就……。主句用过去完成时，从句用一般过去时。 ◆考点跟踪练习◆ 请用括号内动词的适当形式填空 （全国新课标及新高考地区模拟题） 1. If the weather is fine tomorrow, we ________ (climb) the mountain near our city. 答案：will climb 解析：if 引导的条件状语从句遵循 “主将从现” 原则，从句用一般现在时表将来，主句需用一般将来时，表示未来的计划动作。 2. At this time tomorrow, I ________ (fly) to Shanghai to attend an important meeting. 答案：will be flying 解析：时间标志词 at this time tomorrow（明天这个时候），强调将来某一具体时刻正在进行的动作，用将来进行时。 3. -- I wonder if you can go to the cinema with me this weekend. -- Sorry, I ________ (visit) my grandparents in the countryside. 答案：will visit 解析：语境表示未来的计划安排，用一般将来时，直接表达周末的动作打算。 4. Don’t call me between 8 and 10 p.m. tomorrow. I ________ (take) a piano lesson then. 答案：will be taking 解析：时间状语 between 8 and 10 p.m. tomorrow 是将来的时间段，且提示 “不要打电话”，强调该时段内正在进行的动作，用将来进行时。 5. The 32nd Summer Olympic Games ________ (be) held in Los Angeles in 2028. 答案：will be 解析：句中明确给出未来时间 in 2028，表示客观的未来事件，用一般将来时；此处为被动语态的基础形式。 6. What ________ you ________ (do) when the opening ceremony starts next Friday? 答案：will; be doing 解析：时间状语 when the opening ceremony starts next Friday 表示将来的时间点，询问该时刻正在进行的动作，用将来进行时。 7. I ________ (not, lend) him any money unless he promises to return it on time. 答案：will not lend / won’t lend 解析：unless 引导的条件状语从句遵循 “主将从现” 原则，主句表达未来的否定动作，用一般将来时的否定形式。 8. This time next month, our class ________ (travel) in Xiamen and enjoying the sea view. 答案：will be traveling 解析：时间标志词 this time next month 强调将来某时刻正在进行的持续性动作，且后接 enjoying 并列，用将来进行时保持结构一致。 9. According to the school notice, the sports meeting ________ (take) place next Wednesday if there is no rain. 答案：will take 解析：句中 next Wednesday 是未来时间，且是根据通知的计划安排，用一般将来时表达未来的客观事件。 10. -- Can we meet at 2 p.m. this Sunday? -- I’m afraid not. I ________ (prepare) for my English speech contest at that time. 答案：will be preparing 解析：时间标志词 at that time 指代上文的 2 p.m. this Sunday，强调该时刻正在进行的动作，用将来进行时说明无法赴约的原因。 高 考 再 现 【Group 1】 1. (陕西卷) On Monday mornings it usually ________ (take) me an hour to drive to work although the actual distance is only 20 miles. 答案：takes 解析：考查一般现在时。频率副词 “usually” 和时间状语 “On Monday mornings” 表明动作是习惯性、经常性的，主语为 it，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。 2. (全国卷 Ⅰ) Edward, you play so well. But I didn’t know you ________ (play) the piano. 答案：played 解析：考查一般过去时。“不知道你会弹钢琴” 是过去的想法，从句动作与主句 “didn’t know” 时态一致，用一般过去时表过去的能力。 3. (陕西卷) Dr.Smith, together with his wife and daughters, ________ (be) going to visit Beijing this summer. 答案：is 解析：考查一般将来时（be going to 结构）。“this summer” 表将来，主语后接 “together with” 短语，谓语动词与主语 “Dr.Smith” 保持一致，用单数形式。 4. (北京卷) Jack ________ (work) in the lab when the power cut occurred. 答案：was working 解析：考查过去进行时。固定句型 “was/were doing...when...” 表示 “正在做某事，这时……”，强调过去某一时刻正在进行的动作。 5. (2018・北京卷) Susan ________ (quit) her well­paid job and was working as a volunteer in the neighborhood when I visited her last year. 答案：had quit 解析：考查过去完成时。“辞去工作” 发生在 “做志愿者” 之前，是 “过去的过去”，用过去完成时体现动作的先后顺序。 6. (湖南卷) I’m tired out. I ________ (shop) all afternoon and I don’t seem to have finished anything. 答案：have been shopping 解析：考查现在完成进行时。时间状语 “all afternoon” 强调动作从过去持续到现在，且体现当前疲惫的状态，侧重动作的持续性。 7. (湖南卷) — I remember you were a talented pianist at college. Can you play the piano for me? · Sorry, I ________ (not play) the piano for years. 答案：haven’t played 解析：考查现在完成时。时间状语 “for years” 是现在完成时的标志，强调从过去到现在的状态，用否定形式表示 “多年未弹”。 8. (天津卷) Jane can’t attend the meeting at 3 o’clock this afternoon because she ________ (teach) a class at that time. 答案：will be teaching 解析：考查将来进行时。“at that time” 指代 “3 o’clock this afternoon”，强调将来某一具体时刻正在进行的动作。 9. (重庆卷) Food supplies in the flood­stricken area ________ (run) out. We must act immediately before there’s none left. 答案：are running 解析：考查现在进行时表将来。少数瞬间动词的现在进行时可表示即将发生的动作，“are running out” 意为 “即将耗尽”，符合语境。 10. (江苏卷) We are facing today a strange new world and we are all wondering what we ________ (be) going to do with it. 答案：are 解析：考查一般将来时（be going to 结构）。此处表示对未来的打算和思考，主语为 we，be 动词用 are，与前文时态保持一致。 【Group 2】 1. (北京卷) Tom ________ (work) in the library every night over the last three months. 答案：has been working 解析：考查现在完成进行时。时间状语 “over the last three months” 强调动作从过去持续到现在，侧重持续的过程。 2. (2019・江苏卷) The musician along with his band members ________ (give) ten performances in the last three months. 答案：has given 解析：考查现在完成时。时间状语 “in the last three months” 是现在完成时的标志，主语后接 “along with” 短语，谓语动词与 “the musician” 保持一致，用单数形式。 3. (陕西卷) His first novel ________ (receive) good reviews since it came out last month. 答案：has received 解析：考查现在完成时。“since it came out last month” 是现在完成时的典型标志，强调动作从过去持续到现在并产生影响。 4. (全国卷 Ⅱ) Tom ________ (be) about to close the windows when his attention was caught by a bird. 答案：was 解析：考查一般过去时。固定句型 “be about to do...when...” 表示 “正要做某事，这时……”，从句用一般过去时，主句时态保持一致。 5. (江苏卷) The president hopes that the people ________ (be) better off when he quits than when he started. 答案：will be 解析：考查一般将来时。宾语从句中，“when he quits” 表示将来的时间，从句用一般将来时表示未来的状态。 6. (2019・江苏卷) A few months after he ________ (arrive) in China, Mr.Smith fell in love with the people and culture there. 答案：had arrived 解析：考查过去完成时。“到达中国” 发生在 “爱上人和文化” 之前，是 “过去的过去”，用过去完成时体现时间先后。 7. (辽宁卷) By the time Jack returned home from England, his son ________ (graduate) from college. 答案：had graduated 解析：考查过去完成时。“by the time” 后接一般过去时，主句用过去完成时，强调动作在过去某一时间前已完成。 8. (北京卷) The students ________ (work) hard on their lessons and their efforts will be rewarded with success in the end. 答案：have been working 解析：考查现在完成进行时。强调 “刻苦学习” 的动作从过去持续到现在，且对将来的 “获得回报” 有影响，侧重持续过程。 9. (2019・天津卷) I ________ (hope) to send Peter a gift to congratulate him on his marriage, but I couldn’t manage it. 答案：had hoped 解析：考查过去完成时。“had hoped to do” 表示 “本希望做某事但未实现”，用过去完成时表过去未达成的愿望。 10. (北京卷) It took me a long time before I was able to fully appreciate what they ________ (do) for me. 答案：had done 解析：考查过去完成时。“他们为我做的事” 发生在 “我能够理解” 之前，是 “过去的过去”，用过去完成时体现动作先后。 考点四：被动语态 被动语态的构成 1.“助动词be＋及物动词的过去分词”构成，be动词有人称、数和时态的变化。 2.“get＋过去分词”也可以表示被动语态，此结构比较口语化。 被动语态的 基本用法 1．不知道或没有必要指出动作的执行者； 2．需要突出或强调动作的承受者。 主动表示 被动意义 1．“系动词feel, sound, taste, look, smell, appear, seem, turn, stay, become, get, grow, keep等＋形容词/名词”构成系表结构，常常以主动形式表示被动意义。 2．当sell, read, cut, wash, write, open, wear, run, burn等不及物动词后带状语(well，easily等)修饰，用来表示主语的属性、特征或功能时用主动形式表示被动意义。 ★特别提醒★ (1)有些及物动词(短语)不能用于被动语态。常见的有：have有；cost花费；lack缺少；own拥有；belong to属于；take part in参加。 (2)不及物动词(短语)不能用于被动语态。常见的有：happen/take place/occur发生；remain剩下；break out爆发；last持续；come out出版；come up提出；lose heart失去信心；date from/back to追溯到；run out用完。 ◆考点跟踪练习◆ 请用括号内动词的适当形式填空。 【Group 1】 1. The little boy got ________ (hurt) when he fell off his bike on the way to school yesterday. 答案：hurt 解析：考查 get+done 结构表被动。空处需填过去分词，hurt 的过去分词与原形一致；get hurt 强调动作的突发性（意外受伤），相当于 be hurt。 2. This kind of cloth ________ (wash) easily and it’s very popular among housewives. 答案：washes 解析：考查 主动表被动。动词 wash 后接副词 easily，表示布料 “易清洗” 的属性，此类动词（sell, cut 等）常用主动形式表被动含义。 3. So far, five new underground lines ________ (build) in our city to improve public transportation. 答案：have been built 解析：考查 现在完成时的被动语态。时间标志词 so far，主语 lines 与 build 是被动关系，结构为 have been + 过去分词。 4. A sports meeting ________ (hold) in our school next month to enrich students’ after-school life. 答案：will be held 解析：考查 一般将来时的被动语态。时间标志词 next month，主语 meeting 与 hold 是被动关系，结构为 will be + 过去分词。 5. The famous writer’s new novel ________ (sell) well since it came out last week. 答案：sells 解析：考查 无被动的情况。动词 sell 表示 “畅销” 时，为不及物动词性质，不用于被动语态，用主动形式表销售状态。 6. The report ________ (write) now and it is expected to be handed in tomorrow morning. 答案：is being written 解析：考查 现在进行时的被动语态。时间标志词 now，主语 report 与 write 是被动关系，强调 “正在被撰写” 的过程。 7. This book ________ (write) easily and readers of all ages can understand it without difficulty. 答案：writes 解析：考查 write 的主动表被动。动词 write 后接副词 easily，表示书 “易读” 的属性，用主动形式表被动含义。 8. -- I don’t know why Jenny didn’t come to the party. -- She ________ (tell) about it, but she probably forgot. 答案：has been told 解析：考查 现在完成时的被动语态。主语 she 与 tell 是被动关系，强调 “被告知” 的动作对现在的影响（本该来却没来）。 9. The music ________ (sound) beautiful and it makes me think of my hometown. 答案：sounds 解析：考查 无被动的情况。sound 是感官系动词，系动词（look, feel 等）不用于被动语态，用主动形式表主语特征。 10. The problem ________ (discuss) at the meeting tomorrow, so we need to prepare relevant data. 答案：will be discussed 解析：考查 一般将来时的被动语态。时间标志词 tomorrow，主语 problem 与 discuss 是被动关系，表未来的被动动作。 【Group 2】 1. The old man got ________ (injure) in a car accident last Friday and he is still in hospital now. 答案：injured 解析：考查 get+done 结构表被动。空处需填过去分词，injure 的过去分词为 injured；get injured 强调 “意外受伤” 的动作，符合语境。 2. More high-speed trains ________ (produce) in this factory in the coming year to meet the travel needs. 答案：will be produced 解析：考查 一般将来时的被动语态。时间标志词 in the coming year，主语 trains 与 produce 是被动关系，结构为 will be + 过去分词。 3. Great changes ________ (take) place in my hometown since 2010. 答案：have taken 解析：考查 无被动的情况。take place 是不及物动词短语，无被动语态，用现在完成时强调动作对现在的影响。 4. This pen ________ (write) smoothly and it’s my birthday gift from my father. 答案：writes 解析：考查 write 的主动表被动。动词 write 后接副词 smoothly，表示钢笔 “书写流畅” 的属性，用主动形式表被动含义。 5. Up to now, all the tickets for the concert ________ (sell) out, so we have to wait for the next round. 答案：have been sold 解析：考查 现在完成时的被动语态。时间标志词 up to now，主语 tickets 与 sell out 是被动关系，强调 “售罄” 的结果。 6. The classroom ________ (clean) every day by the students to keep a tidy learning environment. 答案：is cleaned 解析：考查 一般现在时的被动语态。时间标志词 every day，主语 classroom 与 clean 是被动关系，表经常性的被动动作。 7. The door ________ (lock) automatically when it closes, so you don’t need to turn the key. 答案：locks 解析：考查 主动表被动。动词 lock 表示门 “自动上锁” 的功能属性，常用主动形式表被动含义。 8. A new library ________ (build) in our community next year, which will provide more books for residents. 答案：will be built 解析：考查 一般将来时的被动语态。时间标志词 next year，主语 library 与 build 是被动关系，表未来的被动动作。 9. The cake ________ (taste) delicious and all the children asked for more after eating it. 答案：tastes 解析：考查 无被动的情况。taste 是感官系动词，不用于被动语态，用主动形式表蛋糕的 “美味” 特征。 10. All the preparations for the project ________ (finish) so far, and we can start it next week. 答案：have been finished 解析：考查 现在完成时的被动语态。时间标志词 so far，主语 preparations 与 finish 是被动关系，强调 “准备完成” 的状态。 高 考 在 线 【Group 1】 1. (2022・全国甲卷) It was the first time that I ________ (visit) the Taj Mahal, one of the most famous wonders in the world. 答案：had visited 解析：考查过去完成时。固定句型 It was the first time that... 中，从句必须用过去完成时，强调 “过去的过去” 的动作。 2. (2018・天津卷) My washing machine ________ (repair) this week, so I have to wash my clothes by hand. 答案：is being repaired 解析：考查现在进行时的被动语态。时间状语 this week 结合后半句 “不得不手洗衣服” 的语境，可知洗衣机 “本周正在被修理”；主语 washing machine 和动词 repair 是被动关系，结构为 am/is/are being + 过去分词。 3. (2021・全国乙卷) On our way to the house, it rained so hard that we couldn’t help wondering how long it ________ (take) to get there. 答案：would take 解析：考查过去将来时。主句 wondered 为一般过去时，从句表 “从过去看将要发生的动作”，用过去将来时。 4. (2024・江苏南京联考) This kind of silk scarf ________ (feel) soft and comfortable, so it’s popular among female customers. 答案：feels 解析：考查主动表被动（感官系动词）。feel 是感官系动词，后接形容词，用主动形式表主语的属性特征，无被动语态。 5. (2020・天津卷) By the time the letter reaches you, I ________ (leave) for London to attend an important meeting. 答案：will have left 解析：考查将来完成时。by the time 引导的时间状语从句用一般现在时表将来，主句用将来完成时，强调 “将来某时前已完成的动作”。 6. (2023・浙江杭州统考) The little girl ________ (get) lost in the supermarket yesterday, but luckily she was found by a kind-hearted clerk. 答案：got 解析：考查 get+done 结构表被动。get lost 为固定搭配，此处 got 后接过去分词 lost，强调 “意外迷路” 的动作。 7. (2022・四川成都联考) Up to now, the government ________ (provide) more than 1,000 jobs for the unemployed people in this area. 答案：has provided 解析：考查现在完成时的主动语态。时间标志词 up to now，强调动作从过去持续到现在的结果，主语 government 与 provide 为主动关系。 8. (2019・北京卷) If we don’t take action to protect the environment, more wild animals ________ (kill) by human beings. 答案：will be killed 解析：考查一般将来时的被动语态。if 引导的条件状语从句遵循 “主将从现”，主句主语 animals 与 kill 为被动关系，结构为 will be + 过去分词。 9. (2024・湖北武汉统考) When I passed the classroom, I noticed that some students ________ (prepare) for the coming English speech contest. 答案：were preparing 解析：考查过去进行时。when 引导的时间状语从句用一般过去时，主句强调 “过去某一时刻正在进行的动作”。 10. (2021・浙江卷) The book To Kill a Mockingbird ________ (translate) into more than 40 languages since it was published in 1960. 答案：has been translated 解析：考查现在完成时的被动语态。时间标志词 since，主语 book 与 translate 为被动关系，强调动作从过去持续到现在的影响。 【Group 2】 1. (2020・全国 Ⅰ 卷) The doctors and nurses ________ (make) great efforts to save the patients infected with COVID-19 since last year. 答案：have been making 解析：考查现在完成进行时。时间标志词 since last year，强调 “努力救人” 的动作从过去持续到现在，且可能仍在进行。 2. (2023・广东广州联考) The sports meeting ________ (cancel) because of the heavy rain yesterday, so we have to put it off till next week. 答案：was cancelled 解析：考查一般过去时的被动语态。时间标志词 yesterday，主语 sports meeting 与 cancel 为被动关系，结构为 was/were + 过去分词。 3. (2022・上海卷) This pen ________ (write) smoothly and it’s a birthday gift from my grandfather. 答案：writes 解析：考查 write 的主动表被动。动词 write 后接副词 smoothly，表示钢笔 “书写流畅” 的属性，用主动形式表被动含义。 4. (2024・安徽合肥统考) I ________ (read) a novel when my mother came in, so I didn’t hear her knock at the door. 答案：was reading 解析：考查过去进行时。固定句型 was/were doing...when...，强调 “正在看书时，妈妈进来了”。 5. (2019・江苏卷) The plan ________ (discuss) at the meeting now. Let’s go and join in the discussion. 答案：is being discussed 解析：考查现在进行时的被动语态。时间标志词 now，主语 plan 与 discuss 为被动关系，强调 “正在被讨论” 的过程。 6. (2023・湖南长沙联考) The old man ________ (take) to the hospital immediately after he fell down in the street this morning. 答案：was taken 解析：考查一般过去时的被动语态。时间标志词 this morning，主语 old man 与 take 为被动关系，表 “被送往医院” 的动作。 7. (2021・天津卷) As we all know, the earth ________ (go) around the sun, which is a basic scientific fact. 答案：goes 解析：考查一般现在时（客观真理）。描述客观真理、自然规律时，时态不受主句影响，用一般现在时，主语 earth 为单数，谓语动词用第三人称单数。 8. (2024・河南郑州统考) By the end of last term, we ________ (learn) 3,000 English words in total. 答案：had learned 解析：考查过去完成时。时间标志词 by the end of last term，强调 “过去某一时间前已完成的动作”。 9. (2022・福建厦门联考) The new rules ________ (carry) out next month to regulate the online shopping market. 答案：will be carried 解析：考查一般将来时的被动语态。时间标志词 next month，主语 rules 与 carry out 为被动关系，表 “将要被实施”。 10. (2020・浙江卷) Great changes ________ (take) place in my hometown over the past ten years. 答案：have taken 解析：考查现在完成时（无被动情况）。take place 是不及物动词短语，无被动语态，时间标志词 over the past ten years 用现在完成时。 综合提升练 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入 1 个适当的单词或用括号内所给单词的正确形式填空，考点涵盖 10 种不同的时态和语态。 Since the ancient times, people 1. ________ (dream) of exploring the vast universe beyond Earth. It was not until the mid-20th century that human beings finally made this dream a reality. On October 4, 1957, the Soviet Union launched Sputnik 1, the first artificial satellite, which 2. ________ (send) into space successfully and marked the start of the space age. Over the past decades, countless space missions 3. ________ (carry) out to study planets, stars and galaxies. As we all know, the moon 4. ________ (circle) the Earth every 27.3 days—a fact 5. ________ (discover) by ancient astronomers long before the invention of telescopes. At this moment, scientists in our country 6. ________ (develop) a new generation of reusable rockets, which are expected to reduce the cost of space travel greatly. By the year 2030, it is predicted that Chinese astronauts 7. ________ (land) on the moon and set up a research base there. Last year, a team of researchers 8. ________ (find) evidence that there might be water ice on the surface of Mars. If this is confirmed, it will be a major breakthrough because water 9. ________ (need) for human survival in space. Look! The news about the latest space probe 10. ________ (broadcast) live on TV now. It will surely inspire more young people to pursue careers in science and technology. 答案与解析 1. have dreamed / have been dreaming考点：现在完成时 / 现在完成进行时解析：时间状语 since the ancient times 是现在完成时的标志，强调从过去持续到现在的动作；用现在完成进行时则更突出动作的持续性，两种形式均正确。 2. was sent考点：一般过去时的被动语态解析：主语 which 指代 Sputnik 1，与 send 是被动关系；时间状语 On October 4, 1957 表示过去的时间，故用一般过去时的被动语态。 3. have been carried考点：现在完成时的被动语态解析：时间状语 over the past decades 是现在完成时的标志；主语 countless space missions 与 carry out 是被动关系，故用现在完成时的被动语态。 4. circles考点：一般现在时（客观真理）解析：描述 “月球绕地球转” 这一客观真理，时态不受主句影响，用一般现在时；主语 the moon 是单数，谓语动词用第三人称单数。 5. was discovered考点：一般过去时的被动语态（定语从句）解析：先行词 a fact 与 discover 是被动关系；时间状语 long before the invention of telescopes 表示过去的时间，故用一般过去时的被动语态。 6. are developing考点：现在进行时解析：时间状语 at this moment 是现在进行时的标志，强调当前正在进行的动作。 7. will have landed考点：将来完成时解析：时间状语 by the year 2030 是将来完成时的标志，强调到将来某一时间点前已完成的动作。 8. found考点：一般过去时解析：时间状语 last year 明确表示过去的时间，用一般过去时表过去发生的动作。 9. is needed考点：一般现在时的被动语态解析：主语 water 与 need 是被动关系；此处描述客观需求，用一般现在时的被动语态。 10. is being broadcast考点：现在进行时的被动语态解析：时间状语 look 和 now 是现在进行时的标志；主语 the news 与 broadcast 是被动关系，故用现在进行时的被动语态。 10 / 21 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题02 动词时态和语态 知 识 精 讲 考点一：过去时态 时态 用法 一般过去时 1．表示过去一段时间内经常性或习惯性的动作。常与often, usually, seldom 等表示频度的副词连用。还可以表示在过去某一时间所发生的动作或存在的状态，与现在没有关系，常与yesterday, the other day, last week, the day before yesterday等过去的时间状语连用。 2. 有些句子，虽然没有明确的表示过去的时间状语，但实际上指的是过去发生的动作或状态，也要用一般过去时。常见的此类动词有know, think, expect, want等。 过去进行时 1．表示过去某一时刻或某一段时间内正在进行的动作，常与表示过去的时间状语从句以及时间状语at that time, at that moment, at this time yesterday, at ten o’clock yesterday等连用。 2．表示一个过去的动作正在进行时，另一个过去的动作发生了，常与when, while引导的时间状语从句连用。 3. 表示过去的一段时间内持续进行的动作，用过去进行时。 过去完成时 1．表示在过去某一时间或某一动作之前完成的动作或存在的状态，即过去的过去。句中一般有明确的表示“过去的过去”的时间状语(从句)。但在语法填空题中很多时候需要通过上下文来判断。 2．表示从过去某一时间开始，一直延续到过去的另一时间的动作或状态，常用的时间状语有before, by then, by that time, by the end of, by the time＋从句等。 ◆考点跟踪练习◆ 请用括号内动词的适当形式填空。 【Group 1】（改编自新课标地区模拟题） 1. When the firemen arrived, the big fire ________ (put out) by the local people. 2. My cousin ________ (prepare) for the college entrance examination when I called him last night. 3. She ________ (not, reply) to my letter until she received a second one from me three months later. 4. By the end of 2023, the old couple ________ (live) in this small town for 50 years. 5. The teacher asked the students if they ________ (finish) reading the text before class. 6. What ________ your father ________ (do) at 7:00 yesterday morning? He was usually at the gym at that time. 7. He ________ (work) as a volunteer in the community for two years before he went abroad for further study. 8. The students ________ (discuss) the coming sports meeting when the headmaster walked into the classroom. 9. -- Why didn’t you come to the concert last night? -- Sorry, I ________ (take) care of my sick grandmother at home. 10. They ________ (collect) old books for the children in the mountain area the whole afternoon last Saturday. 【Group 2】（改编自山东、天津等新高考地区模拟题） 1. By the time we got to the concert hall, the singer ________ (start) singing already. 2. My mother ________ (wash) clothes when the sudden rain began to beat against the window. 3. The little boy ________ (break) his toy car accidentally and cried loudly. 4. We ________ (not, see) each other since we graduated from high school until we met in the park last week. 5. --What a noisy room! -- Oh, the children ________ (play) hide-and-seek here at this time yesterday. 6. He told me that he ________ (visit) the Palace Museum three times before 2024. 7. The workers ________ (repair) the road in our neighborhood last month, but we don’t know if it’s open now. 8. She found that she ________ (leave) her laptop in the café after she got back to the office. 9. While my brother ________ (play) the piano, I was reading a novel in the same room. 10. The movie ________ (be) on for 15 minutes when we finally got into the cinema. 考点二：现在时态 时态 用法 一般现在时 1．表示经常发生的、习惯性的、反复出现的动作或状态。常与表示习惯的副词(词组)always, every time, now and then, occasionally, often, seldom, never, sometimes, usually, every day/night等连用。 2．按时间表、时刻表、日程表等安排将要发生的动作，用一般现在时。只限于go, arrive, leave, start, stay, return, begin, come, close等动词。 3．如果主句用一般将来时，那么在时间、条件或让步状语从句中，用一般现在时表示将来，即“主将从现”。 现在进行时 1．表示说话时正在进行或表示现阶段正在进行的动作，虽然此时此刻该动作不一定正在进行。 2．表示位置转移的动词，如go, come, leave, start, arrive, return, work, sleep, stay, have, wear, run out等，可用现在进行时表示即将发生或计划要做的事。 现在完成时 1．表示发生在过去的动作或存在的状态到说话时刚刚完成或结束，而对现在仍有影响。常用的时间状语有already, just, yet, never, before, lately, recently, in the last(past) few days/years, up to now, till now, so far等。 2．表示从过去某时开始而延续至今(可能还要延续下去)的动作或状态。常与since＋时间点， for＋时间段等表示一段时间的状语连用。 3．在条件和时间状语从句中，用现在完成时表示将来某时间前已完成的动作。 现在完成 进行时 1．表示过去某一时刻之前开始的动作或产生的状态一直延续到现在，并有可能继续下去，常见的时间状语有all this morning, this month, these few days, since和for引导的状语从句等。 2．所表示的动作有时并不是一直在不停地进行，而是在断断续续地重复。 ◆考点跟踪练习◆ 请用括号内动词的适当形式填空。 【Group 1】（改编自新课标地区模拟题） 1. Water ________ (boil) at 100 degrees Celsius under standard atmospheric pressure. 2. Be quiet! The students ________ (have) an English listening test in the classroom now. 3. My parents ________ (live) in this city since they got married 30 years ago. 4. -- Why are your clothes so wet? -- I ________ (water) the flowers in the garden all the morning. 5. She usually ________ (take) a walk after dinner, but today she is too tired to go out. 6. The little girl ________ (read) three storybooks this week, and she wants to buy a new one tomorrow. 7. Look! The workers ________ (build) a new playground in our school. It will be finished next month. 8. Mr. Green ________ (teach) English in this school for 15 years, and he loves every student here. 9. This kind of mobile phone ________ (sell) well because of its low price and high quality. 10. -- How long ________ you ________ (learn) Chinese? -- For about four years. I still need to practice more. 【Group 2】（改编自山东、天津等新高考地区模拟题） 1. The earth ________ (go) around the sun. This is a basic scientific fact. 2. -- Where is your sister? -- She ________ (prepare) for her coming dance competition in her room. 3. We ________ (not, hear) from our pen pal since she moved to Canada last year. 4. The boys ________ (play) basketball on the playground for two hours, but they don’t want to stop. 5. My grandfather ________ (drink) a cup of tea every morning. It’s his daily habit. 6. So far, our class ________ (collect) more than 500 books for the children in the mountain area. 7. Listen! Someone ________ (sing) a beautiful song in the music room. Who is it? 8. She ________ (write) emails to her foreign friends all afternoon, and she still has two more to finish. 9. If it ________ (rain) tomorrow, we will cancel the school trip to the museum. 10. -- Why does your brother know so much about space? -- Because he ________ (read) books about space since he was a child. 考点三：将来时态 时态 用法 一般将来时 1．“shall/will＋动词原形”表示现在看来以后要发生的动作或存在的状态，常与表示将来的时间状语tomorrow, next year, in＋一段时间等连用。其中shall通常用于第一人称，will通常用于各种人称。“will＋动词原形”还可以表示说话时临时做出的决定。 2．“be going to＋动词原形”表示按计划、打算要做某事或根据某种迹象预示着要发生某事。 3．“be to＋动词原形”表示按计划或安排即将发生的动作；也可表示职责、义务、意图、禁止等。 4．“be about to＋动词原形”表示正要或即将要做某事，该结构不与表示具体的将来时间状语连用，可以和并列连词when(＝and at this/that time)引导的从句连用。 将来进行时 表示将来某一时刻或某一时间段正在发生或进行的动作，常与一些标志性的时间状语连用，如at this time tomorrow, by then, from 1：30 to 4：30 tomorrow等。 ★特别提醒★常使用完成时的句型 (1)This/It/That is the first/...time＋that sb.has/have done； This/It/That was the first/...time＋that sb.had done 这是某人第几次做某事。 (2)It/This is/was the＋最高级＋名词＋(that)定语从句， 从句中的谓语用完成时。 (3)It is/has been＋一段时间＋since sb.did； It was/had been＋一段时间＋since sb.had done sth. 自从某人做某事以来多久了。 (4)hardly/scarcely...when.../no sooner...than... 一……就……。主句用过去完成时，从句用一般过去时。 ◆考点跟踪练习◆ （全国新课标及新高考地区模拟题） 请用括号内动词的适当形式填空 1. If the weather is fine tomorrow, we ________ (climb) the mountain near our city. 2. At this time tomorrow, I ________ (fly) to Shanghai to attend an important meeting. 3. -- I wonder if you can go to the cinema with me this weekend. -- Sorry, I ________ (visit) my grandparents in the countryside. 4. Don’t call me between 8 and 10 p.m. tomorrow. I ________ (take) a piano lesson then. 5. The 32nd Summer Olympic Games ________ (be) held in Los Angeles in 2028. 6. What ________ you ________ (do) when the opening ceremony starts next Friday? 7. I ________ (not, lend) him any money unless he promises to return it on time. 8. This time next month, our class ________ (travel) in Xiamen and enjoying the sea view. 9. According to the school notice, the sports meeting ________ (take) place next Wednesday if there is no rain. 10. -- Can we meet at 2 p.m. this Sunday? -- I’m afraid not. I ________ (prepare) for my English speech contest at that time. 高 考 在 线 【Group 1】 1. (陕西卷) On Monday mornings it usually ________ (take) me an hour to drive to work although the actual distance is only 20 miles. 2. (全国卷 Ⅰ) Edward, you play so well. But I didn’t know you ________ (play) the piano. 3. (陕西卷) Dr.Smith, together with his wife and daughters, ________ (be) going to visit Beijing this summer. 4. (北京卷) Jack ________ (work) in the lab when the power cut occurred. 5. (2018・北京卷) Susan ________ (quit) her well­paid job and was working as a volunteer in the neighborhood when I visited her last year. 6. (湖南卷) I’m tired out. I ________ (shop) all afternoon and I don’t seem to have finished anything. 7. (湖南卷) — I remember you were a talented pianist at college. Can you play the piano for me? · Sorry, I ________ (not play) the piano for years. 8. (天津卷) Jane can’t attend the meeting at 3 o’clock this afternoon because she ________ (teach) a class at that time. 9. (重庆卷) Food supplies in the flood­stricken area ________ (run) out. We must act immediately before there’s none left. 10. (江苏卷) We are facing today a strange new world and we are all wondering what we ________ (be) going to do with it. 【Group 2】 1. (北京卷) Tom ________ (work) in the library every night over the last three months. 2. (2019・江苏卷) The musician along with his band members ________ (give) ten performances in the last three months. 3. (陕西卷) His first novel ________ (receive) good reviews since it came out last month. 4. (全国卷 Ⅱ) Tom ________ (be) about to close the windows when his attention was caught by a bird. 5. (江苏卷) The president hopes that the people ________ (be) better off when he quits than when he started. 6. (2019・江苏卷) A few months after he ________ (arrive) in China, Mr. Smith fell in love with the people and culture there. 7. (辽宁卷) By the time Jack returned home from England, his son ________ (graduate) from college. 8. (北京卷) The students ________ (work) hard on their lessons and their efforts will be rewarded with success in the end. 9. (2019・天津卷) I ________ (hope) to send Peter a gift to congratulate him on his marriage, but I couldn’t manage it. 10. (北京卷) It took me a long time before I was able to fully appreciate what they ________ (do) for me. 考点四：被动语态 被动语态的构成 1.“助动词be＋及物动词的过去分词”构成，be动词有人称、数和时态的变化。 2.“get＋过去分词”也可以表示被动语态，此结构比较口语化。 被动语态的 基本用法 1．不知道或没有必要指出动作的执行者； 2．需要突出或强调动作的承受者。 主动表示 被动意义 1．“系动词feel, sound, taste, look, smell, appear, seem, turn, stay, become, get, grow, keep等＋形容词/名词”构成系表结构，常常以主动形式表示被动意义。 2．当sell, read, cut, wash, write, open, wear, run, burn等不及物动词后带状语(well，easily等)修饰，用来表示主语的属性、特征或功能时用主动形式表示被动意义。 ★特别提醒★ (1)有些及物动词(短语)不能用于被动语态。常见的有：have有；cost花费；lack缺少；own拥有；belong to属于；take part in参加。 (2)不及物动词(短语)不能用于被动语态。常见的有：happen/take place/occur发生；remain剩下；break out爆发；last持续；come out出版；come up提出；lose heart失去信心；date from/back to追溯到；run out用完。 ◆考点跟踪练习◆ 请用括号内动词的适当形式填空。 【Group 1】 1. The little boy got ________ (hurt) when he fell off his bike on the way to school yesterday. 2. This kind of cloth ________ (wash) easily and it’s very popular among housewives. 3. So far, five new underground lines ________ (build) in our city to improve public transportation. 4. A sports meeting ________ (hold) in our school next month to enrich students’ after-school life. 5. The famous writer’s new novel ________ (sell) well since it came out last week. 6. The report ________ (write) now and it is expected to be handed in tomorrow morning. 7. This book ________ (write) easily and readers of all ages can understand it without difficulty. 8. -- I don’t know why Jenny didn’t come to the party. -- She ________ (tell) about it, but she probably forgot. 9. The music ________ (sound) beautiful and it makes me think of my hometown. 10. The problem ________ (discuss) at the meeting tomorrow, so we need to prepare relevant data. 【Group 2】 1. The old man got ________ (injure) in a car accident last Friday and he is still in hospital now. 2. More high-speed trains ________ (produce) in this factory in the coming year to meet the travel needs. 3. Great changes ________ (take) place in my hometown since 2010. 4. This pen ________ (write) smoothly and it’s my birthday gift from my father. 5. Up to now, all the tickets for the concert ________ (sell) out, so we have to wait for the next round. 6. The classroom ________ (clean) every day by the students to keep a tidy learning environment. 7. The door ________ (lock) automatically when it closes, so you don’t need to turn the key. 8. A new library ________ (build) in our community next year, which will provide more books for residents. 9. The cake ________ (taste) delicious and all the children asked for more after eating it. 10. All the preparations for the project ________ (finish) so far, and we can start it next week. 高 考 在 线 【Group 1】 1. (2022・全国甲卷) It was the first time that I ________ (visit) the Taj Mahal, one of the most famous wonders in the world. 2. (2018・天津卷) My washing machine ________ (repair) this week, so I have to wash my clothes by hand. 3. (2021・全国乙卷) On our way to the house, it rained so hard that we couldn’t help wondering how long it ________ (take) to get there. 4. (2024・江苏南京联考) This kind of silk scarf ________ (feel) soft and comfortable, so it’s popular among female customers. 5. (2020・天津卷) By the time the letter reaches you, I ________ (leave) for London to attend an important meeting. 6. (2023・浙江杭州统考) The little girl ________ (get) lost in the supermarket yesterday, but luckily she was found by a kind-hearted clerk. 7. (2022・四川成都联考) Up to now, the government ________ (provide) more than 1,000 jobs for the unemployed people in this area. 8. (2019・北京卷) If we don’t take action to protect the environment, more wild animals ________ (kill) by human beings. 9. (2024・湖北武汉统考) When I passed the classroom, I noticed that some students ________ (prepare) for the coming English speech contest. 10. (2021・浙江卷) The book To Kill a Mockingbird ________ (translate) into more than 40 languages since it was published in 1960. 【Group 2】 1. (2020・全国 Ⅰ 卷) The doctors and nurses ________ (make) great efforts to save the patients infected with COVID-19 since last year. 2. (2023・广东广州联考) The sports meeting ________ (cancel) because of the heavy rain yesterday, so we have to put it off till next week. 3. (2022・上海卷) This pen ________ (write) smoothly and it’s a birthday gift from my grandfather. 4. (2024・安徽合肥统考) I ________ (read) a novel when my mother came in, so I didn’t hear her knock at the door. 5. (2019・江苏卷) The plan ________ (discuss) at the meeting now. Let’s go and join in the discussion. 6. (2023・湖南长沙联考) The old man ________ (take) to the hospital immediately after he fell down in the street this morning. 7. (2021・天津卷) As we all know, the earth ________ (go) around the sun, which is a basic scientific fact. 8. (2024・河南郑州统考) By the end of last term, we ________ (learn) 3,000 English words in total. 9. (2022・福建厦门联考) The new rules ________ (carry) out next month to regulate the online shopping market. 10. (2020・浙江卷) Great changes ________ (take) place in my hometown over the past ten years. 综合提升练 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入 1 个适当的单词或用括号内所给单词的正确形式填空，考点涵盖 10 种不同的时态和语态。 Since the ancient times, people 1. ________ (dream) of exploring the vast universe beyond Earth. It was not until the mid-20th century that human beings finally made this dream a reality. On October 4, 1957, the Soviet Union launched Sputnik 1, the first artificial satellite, which 2. ________ (send) into space successfully and marked the start of the space age. Over the past decades, countless space missions 3. ________ (carry) out to study planets, stars and galaxies. As we all know, the moon 4. ________ (circle) the Earth every 27.3 days — a fact 5. ________ (discover) by ancient astronomers long before the invention of telescopes. At this moment, scientists in our country 6. ________ (develop) a new generation of reusable rockets, which are expected to reduce the cost of space travel greatly. By the year 2030, it is predicted that Chinese astronauts 7. ________ (land) on the moon and set up a research base there. Last year, a team of researchers 8. ________ (find) evidence that there might be water ice on the surface of Mars. If this is confirmed, it will be a major breakthrough because water 9. ________ (need) for human survival in space. Look! The news about the latest space probe 10. ________ (broadcast) live on TV now. It will surely inspire more young people to pursue careers in science and technology. 11 / 11 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $