Unit 4 Natural Disasters 一轮复习 单元词汇速讲 课件-2027届高三英语人教版必修第一册

该高中英语高考复习课件聚焦核心词汇同义替换考点，依据高考评价体系梳理了disaster、rescue等12个高频词的考查要求，通过2022-2025年全国卷及新高考卷真题实例，明确各词汇在阅读理解选项替换、写作表达中的考查权重，构建了完整的词汇复习体系。 课件亮点在于“真题溯源+同义替换+写作应用”的备考策略，如以2023全国甲卷“disaster”真题为例，解析catastrophe等同义词替换方法，培养学生的语言能力和思维品质。提供高频同义词表和写作例句模板，帮助学生掌握词汇替换技巧，提升阅读解题准确率和写作表达丰富度，教师可据此开展系统性词汇复习，实现高效备考。

核心词汇同义替换精讲 目录/CONTENTS 1.disaster n.灾难；灾害 2.rescue v./n.营救；救援 3.damage v./n.损害；毁坏 4.destroy v.摧毁；毁灭 5.survive v.幸存；生还 6.survivor n.幸存者 7.affect v.影响；使感动 8.shelter n.避难所v.庇护 9.ruin v.毁坏n.废墟 10.shock v.使震惊n.震惊 11.suffer v.遭受；忍受 12.recover v.恢复；康复 1.DISASTER N.灾难；灾害 。真题原文：Natural disaster causes great loss to people.(2023全国 甲卷) ·选项替换：Natural catastrophe brings huge damage to humans. ·高频同义词： catastrophe ■misfortune 翻译：自然灾害给人们造成巨大损失。→自然灾难得给人类带来 巨大破坏。 2.RESCUE V.N.营救；救援 。真题原文：Soldiers came to rescue the local people.(2024新高考 Ⅱ卷) ·选项替换：Soldiers arrived to save the villagers in need, ·高频同义词： ■saVe ■deliver 。翻译：士兵前来营救当地民众。→士兵赶来敕助受灾村民。 3.DAMAGE V.N.损害；毁坏 。真题原文：The storm damage many houses in the area.(2022新高 考I卷) ● 选项替换：The storm harm lots of buildings locally, ·高频同义词： harm ■injure ■spoil 。 翻译：暴风雨损毁了该地区许多房屋。→暴风雨破坏了当地大量 建筑。 4.DESTROY V.摧毁；毁灭 ·真题原文：The fire destroyed the whole village.(2025新高考I卷) ●我 选项替换：The fire ruined the entire village completely. ·高频同义词： ■ruin ■wipe out ■break down ·翻译：大火摧毁了整座村庄。→大火彻底毁掉了整个村落。 5.SURVIVE V.幸存；生还 ·真题原文：Few people can survive the terrible flood.(2023新高考 工卷) ·选项替换：Few people can live through the severe flood. ·高频同义词： ■live through ■remain alive 翻译：很少有人能在特大洪水中幸存。→很少有人能熬过这场严 重洪涝。 6.SURVIVOR N.幸存者 。真题原文：Every survivor received timely help.(2024全国乙卷) ·选项替换：Every surviving person got timely support. ● 高频同义词： ■ surviving person ■survivor 翻译：每位幸存者都得到了及时敕助。→每位生还者都获得了及 时帮扶。 7.AFFECT V.影响；使感动 。真题原文：Climate change will affect our daily life..(2022全国甲 卷) ·选项替换：Climate change will influence our everyday life, ·高频同义词： ■influence impact ■have an effect on ·翻译：气候变化会影响我们的日常生活。→气候变化将对我们平 日生活产生影响。 8.SHELTER N.避难所V.庇护 。真题原文：The church serves as a shelter for homeless people. (2023新课标Ⅱ卷) ·选项替换：The church acts as a refuge for the homeless. ·高频同义词： ■refuge ■safe place ·翻译：教堂充当无家可归者的避难所。→教堂作为流浪者的安身 之处。 9.RUNV.毁坏N.废墟 ·真题原文：The earthquake ruined ancient buildings.(2024全国甲 卷) ·选项替换：The earthquake destroyed old historic structures.. 。高频同义词： ■destroy ■damage completely ·翻译：地震毁坏了古建筑。→地震摧毁了古老历史建筑。 10.SHOCK V.使震惊N.震惊 。真题原文：The news shocked all the citizens..(2025新高考Ⅱ卷) ·选项替换：The news astonished all local people. ● 高频同义词： astonish ■surprise greatly 。 翻译：这条消息震惊了所有市民。→这则新闻让所有当地人倍感 震惊。 11.SUFFER V.遭受；忍受 。真题原文：Many areas suffer from heavy rain.(2022新课标Ⅱ卷) ●0j 选项替换：Many areas experience heavy rainfall,. ·高频同义词： ■experience ■endure ■undergo ·翻译：许多地区遭受大雨侵袭。→许多地方经历强降雨天气。 12.RECOVER V.恢复；康复 ·真题原文：It takes time to recover from the disaster.(2023全国乙 卷) 。选项替换：It takes time to get back to normal after the disaster. 。高频同义词： ■restore ■get back to normal ·翻译：从灾难中恢复需要时间。→灾后回归常态需要时日。 写作核心词 1.DISASTER N.灾难；灾害 了解自然灾害相关知识，能帮助我们学会避险自 敕、保护自身安全。 Learning about natural disasters helps us learn to avoid risks and protect ourselves. 突如其来的灾难降临，整个小镇陷入一片恐慌与混 乱。 The sudden disaster struck,leaving the whole town in panic and chaos. 2.SURVIVE V.幸存；生还；挺 过 保持冷静掌握求生技巧，我们就有机会在危难中幸 存下来。 Staying calm and mastering survival skills enables us to survive in danger. 幸运的是，他在这场灾难中侥幸幸存，内心满是感 恩与后怕。 Fortunately,he managed to survive the disaster,filled with gratitude and fear. 3.RESCUE V.&N.营救；救援 我志愿加入敕援队伍，尽己所能帮助受灾群众渡过 难关。 I volunteer to join the rescue team and do my best to help people in need. 毫不犹豫地，他冲进废墟，奋力营救被困的老人和 孩子。 Without the slightest hesitation,he rushed into ruins to rescue the trapped elderly and children. 4.DESTROY V.摧毁；破坏 强震和洪水会摧毁房屋道路，给人们生活带来沉重 打击。Strong earthquakes and floods will destroy houses and roads,bringing heavy losses to people's life. 望着被灾难摧毁的家园，一股悲伤涌上我的心头。 Looking at the home destroyed by the disaster,a sense of sorrow welled up in my heart. 5.SHELTER N.避难所；庇护 V.遮蔽 当地政府及时搭建临时避难所，为灾民提供食宿和 基本保障。 The local government built temporary shelters in time to offer food and accommodation for survivors. 好心的居民敞开家门，为受灾路人提供温暖的庇 护。 Kind locals opened their doors to shelter homeless passers-by from the disaster. 6.AFFECT V.影响；使感动 自然灾害不仅破坏环境，也会深深影响人们的身心 健康。 Natural disasters not only damage the environment but also greatly affect people's mental health. 他无私敕人的举动深深打动了我，让我心生敬佩。 His selfless act of saving others affected me deeply and filled me with admiration. 7.UNITY N.团结；齐心合力 面对灾难，唯有万众团结一心，我们才能共渡难关 重建家园。 Faced with disasters,only unity among people can help us get through difficulties and rebuild homes. 正是人间大爱与团结，让灰暗的灾难时刻充满温 暖。 It was love and unity among people that warmed the dark moment of disaster. 8.DONATE V.捐赠；捐献 学校号召我们捐款捐物，向灾区人民献出一份爱 心。 Our school calls on us to donate money and supplies to show love for disaster-stricken people. 许多市民自发捐赠物资，用小小善举汇聚人间温 情。 Many citizens donated goods voluntarily,making warm kindness come together. THANKS FOR YOUR ATTENTION!